Volume 17 Biographies 9: Hulü Jin; Hulü Guang; Hulü Xian

斛律金子光羨

Hulü Jin; son Guang; Xian

斛律金，字阿六敦，朔州勑勒部人也。高祖倍侯利，以壯勇有名塞表，道武時率戶內附，賜爵孟都公。祖幡地斤，殿中尚書。父大那瓌，光祿大夫、第一領民酋長。天平中，金貴，贈司空公。

Hulü Jin, styled Aluodun, was a native of the Chile tribe in Shuozhou. His great-great-grandfather Beihouli, renowned beyond the frontier for strength and bravery, led his household to submit in the reign of Emperor Daowu of Wei and was granted the title duke of Mengdu. His grandfather Fandijin served as director of the palace secretariat. His father Dana'gui served as director of splendid honors and first chief of the submitted tribes. During Tianping, when Hulü Jin rose high, his father Dana'gui was posthumously made duke of works.

金性敦直，善騎射，行兵用匈奴法，望塵識馬步多少，嗅地知軍度遠近。初為軍主，與懷朔鎮將楊鈞送茹茹主阿那瓌還北。瓌見金射獵，深嘆其工。後瓌入寇高陸，金拒擊破之。正光末，破六韓拔陵構逆，金擁衆屬焉，陵假金王號。金度陵終敗滅，乃統所部萬戶詣雲州請降，即授第二領民酋長。稍引南出黃瓜堆，為杜洛周所破，部衆分散，金與兄平二人脫身歸尒朱榮。榮表金為別將，累遷都督。孝莊立，賜爵阜城縣男，加寧朔將軍、屯騎校尉。從破葛榮、元顥，頻有戰功，加鎮南大將軍。

Hulü Jin was honest and straightforward by nature, skilled at riding and archery; in campaigning he used Xiongnu methods — reading dust to know how many horse and foot were on the march, sniffing the ground to gauge an army's distance. At first he served as a military commander; with the garrison general of Huaishuo, Yang Jun, he escorted the Ruru ruler Anagui back north. Anagui watched Hulü Jin hunting with bow and arrow and sighed deeply at his skill. Later Anagui raided Gaolu; Hulü Jin resisted and defeated him. At the end of Zhenguang, Poliuhan Baling raised rebellion; Hulü Jin gathered troops and submitted to him, and Baling made Jin a nominal king. Hulü Jin judged that Baling would ultimately be destroyed and annihilated; he then led the ten thousand households under his command to Yunzhou to surrender and was at once appointed second chief of the submitted tribes. He gradually led his force south out of Huangguadui but was defeated by Du Luozhou; his troops scattered, and Hulü Jin and his elder brother Ping alone escaped to Erzhu Rong. Erzhu Rong memorialized to have Hulü Jin made a separate commander; he rose in succession to grand commander. When Emperor Xiaozhuang ascended the throne, Hulü Jin was granted the title baron of Fucheng County and additionally made general who pacifies the north and colonel of the towered cavalry. He followed in the defeats of Ge Rong and Yuan Hao, earned repeated battle merit, and was promoted to grand general who pacifies the south.

及尒朱兆等逆亂，高祖密懷匡復之計，金與婁昭、厙狄干等贊成大謀，仍從舉義。高祖南攻鄴，留金守信都，領恒、雲、燕、朔、顯、蔚六州大都督，委以後事，別討李脩，破之，加右光祿大夫。會高祖於鄴，仍從平晉陽，追滅尒朱兆。太昌初，以金為汾州刺史、當州大都督，進爵為侯。從高祖破紇豆陵於河西。天平初，遷鄴，使金領步騎三萬鎮風陵以備西寇，軍罷，還晉陽。從高祖戰於沙苑，不利班師，因此東雍諸城復為西軍所據，遣金與尉景、厙狄干等討復之。元象中，周文帝復大舉向河陽。高祖率衆討之，使金徑往太州，為掎角之勢。金到晉州，以軍退不行，仍與行臺薛脩義共圍喬山之寇。俄而高祖至，仍共討平之，因從高祖攻下南絳、邵郡等數城。武定初，北豫州刺史高仲密據城西叛，周文帝入寇洛陽。高祖使金統劉豐、步大汗薩等步騎數萬守河陽城以拒之。高祖到，仍從破密。軍還，除大司馬，改封石城郡公，邑一千戶，轉第一領民酋長。三年，高祖出軍襲山胡，分為二道。以金為南道軍司，由黃櫨嶺出。高祖自出北道，度赤谼嶺，會金於烏突戍，合擊破之。軍還，出為冀州刺史。四年，詔金率衆從烏蘇道會高祖於晉州，仍從攻玉壁。軍還，高祖使金總督大衆，從歸晉陽。

When Erzhu Zhao and others rose in rebellion, Gao Huan secretly harbored a plan to restore the realm; Hulü Jin, together with Lou Zhao, Kudie Gan, and others, approved the great design and then followed in raising the righteous banner. When Gao Huan attacked Ye from the south, he left Hulü Jin to hold Xindu, made him grand commander of the six provinces of Heng, Yun, Yan, Shuo, Xian, and Yu, and entrusted him with rear affairs; separately Jin attacked Li Xiu and defeated him, and was promoted to right director of splendid honors. He joined Gao Huan at Ye and then followed in pacifying Jinyang and pursuing the destruction of Erzhu Zhao. At the beginning of Taichang, Hulü Jin was made governor of Fen Province and grand commander of that province, and his rank was advanced to marquis. He followed Gao Huan in defeating Hediouling west of the river. At the beginning of Tianping, he moved to Ye; Hulü Jin was ordered to lead thirty thousand foot and horse to garrison Fengling against Western raiders; when the campaign ended, he returned to Jinyang. He followed Gao Huan in battle at Shayuan; the army withdrew without success, and for this the cities of eastern Yong were again seized by the Western army; Hulü Jin was dispatched with Wei Jing, Kudie Gan, and others to recover them. In the Yuanxiang era, Yuwen Tai again launched a great campaign toward Heyang. Gao Huan led troops to attack him and sent Hulü Jin straight to Tai Province to form pincers. When Hulü Jin reached Jin Province, because the army had withdrawn he did not advance; he then joined the mobile headquarters commander Xue Xiuyi in besieging the bandits at Qiaoshan. Before long Gao Huan arrived; together they pacified the enemy, and Hulü Jin then followed Gao Huan in capturing several cities including Southern Jiang and Shao Commandery. At the beginning of Wuding, Gao Zhongmi, governor of Northern Yu Province, held the west of the city and rebelled, and Yuwen Tai invaded Luoyang. Gao Huan had Hulü Jin command Liu Feng, Bu Dahan Sa, and others with several tens of thousands of foot and horse to hold Heyang city against him. When Gao Huan arrived, Hulü Jin again followed in defeating Zhongmi. When the army returned, he was made grand marshal, his title was changed to duke of Shicheng Commandery with a fief of one thousand households, and he was transferred to first chief of the submitted tribes. In the third year, Gao Huan led troops on a surprise attack against the Mountain Hu, dividing into two routes. Hulü Jin was made army supervisor of the southern route and went out by Huanglu Ridge. Gao Huan himself went by the northern route, crossed Chihong Ridge, joined Hulü Jin at Wutu Fort, and together they attacked and defeated the enemy. When the army returned, he went out as governor of Ji Province. In the fourth year, an edict ordered Hulü Jin to lead troops by the Wusu route to join Gao Huan at Jin Province, and he then followed in the attack on Yubi. When the army returned, Gao Huan had Hulü Jin command the whole host on the return to Jinyang.

世宗嗣事，侯景據潁川降於西魏，詔遣金帥潘樂、薛孤延等固守河陽以備。西魏使其大都督李景和、若干寶領馬步數萬，欲從新城赴援侯景。金率衆停廣武以要之，景和等聞而退走。還為肆州刺史，仍率所部於宜陽築楊志、百家、呼延三戍，置守備而還。侯景之走南豫，西魏儀同三司王思政入據潁川。世宗遣高嶽、慕容紹宗、劉豐等率衆圍之。復詔金督彭樂、可朱渾道元等出屯河陽，斷其奔救之路。又詔金率衆會攻潁川。事平，復使金率衆從崿阪送米宜陽。西魏九曲戍將馬紹隆據險要鬭，金破之。以功別封安平縣男。

When Gao Cheng succeeded to affairs, Hou Jing held Yingchuan and surrendered to Western Wei; an edict dispatched Hulü Jin to command Pan Le, Xue Guyuan, and others to hold Heyang in defense. Western Wei sent its grand commander Li Jinghe and Jogan Bao leading several tens of thousands of horse and foot, intending to go from Xincheng to relieve Hou Jing. Hulü Jin led troops and halted at Guangwu to intercept them; Jinghe and the others, hearing of it, withdrew and fled. He returned as governor of Si Province and again led his division to build the three forts of Yangzhi, Baijia, and Huyan at Yiyang, posting garrisons before returning. When Hou Jing fled to Southern Yu, Western Wei commissioner with protocol equal to three imperators Wang Sizheng entered and seized Yingchuan. Gao Cheng dispatched Gao Yue, Murong Shaozong, Liu Feng, and others to lead troops and besiege the city. An edict again ordered Hulü Jin to supervise Peng Le, Kezhuhun Daoyuan, and others in going out to encamp at Heyang and cut off their route of rescue. An edict again ordered Hulü Jin to lead troops to join the attack on Yingchuan. When the affair was settled, Hulü Jin was again sent to lead troops from Eban to transport grain to Yiyang. The Western Wei commander of Jiuchu Fort, Ma Shaolong, held a strategic pass and fought; Hulü Jin defeated him. For merit he was separately enfeoffed baron of Anping County.

顯祖受禪，封咸陽郡王，刺史如故。其年冬，朝晉陽宮。金病，帝幸其宅臨視，賜以醫藥，中使不絕。病愈還州。三年，就除太師。帝征奚賊，金從帝行。軍還，帝幸肆州，與金宴射而去。四年，解州，以太師還晉陽。車駕復幸其第，六宮及諸王盡從，置酒作樂，極夜方罷。帝忻甚，詔金第二子豐樂為武衛大將軍，因謂金曰：「公元勳佐命，父子忠誠，朕當結以婚姻，永為蕃衛。」仍詔金孫武都尚義寧公主。成禮之日，帝從皇太后幸金宅，皇后、太子及諸王等皆從，其見親待如此。

When Gao Yang received the abdication, Hulü Jin was enfeoffed prince of Xianyang Commandery, remaining governor as before. That winter he attended court at the Jinyang palace. Hulü Jin fell ill; the emperor visited his residence to look in on him, granted him medicine, and palace envoys came without cease. When his illness healed, he returned to his province. In the third year, he was appointed grand preceptor at his post. The emperor campaigned against Xi bandits, and Hulü Jin followed the emperor on the march. When the army returned, the emperor visited Si Province, feasted and shot with Hulü Jin, and then departed. In the fourth year, he was relieved of his governorship and returned to Jinyang as grand preceptor. The imperial carriage again visited his residence; the six palaces and all the princes followed; wine was set out and music performed, and only at the end of the night did the revel end. The emperor was greatly pleased; he made Hulü Jin's second son Fengle general of martial guards and said to Jin, "Your Grace's founding merit aided the mandate; father and son are loyal — I shall bind us by marriage and make you a frontier shield forever." An edict then ordered Hulü Jin's grandson Wudu to marry Princess Yining. On the day the rites were completed, the emperor followed the empress dowager in visiting Hulü Jin's residence; the empress, crown prince, and all the princes followed — such was the favor and intimacy shown him.

後以茹茹為突厥所破，種落分散，慮其犯塞，驚撓邊民，乃詔金率騎二萬屯白道以備之。而虜帥豆婆吐久備將三千餘戶密欲西過，候騎還告，金勒所部追擊，盡俘其衆。茹茹但缽將舉國西徙，金獲其候騎送之，並表陳虜可擊取之勢。顯祖於是率衆與金共討之於吐賴，獲二萬餘戶而還。進位右丞相，食齊州幹，遷左丞相。

Later, because the Ruru were broken by the Turks and their clans scattered, fearing they would violate the frontier and alarm the border people, an edict ordered Hulü Jin to lead twenty thousand horsemen to encamp at Baidao in defense. The barbarian chieftain Doubatu Jiubei was secretly leading more than three thousand households westward; scouts returned and reported; Hulü Jin drove his division in pursuit and captured the whole host. Ruru Danbo was about to move the whole nation west; Hulü Jin captured his scouts and sent them in, and also memorialized describing how the barbarians could be attacked and taken. Gao Yang thereupon led troops and together with Hulü Jin attacked them at Tulai, capturing more than twenty thousand households before returning. His rank was advanced to right chancellor, with income from Qi Province; he was transferred to left chancellor.

光，字明月，少工騎射，以武藝知名。魏末，從金西征，周文帝長史莫孝暉時在行間，光馳馬射中之，因擒於陣，光時年十七。高祖嘉之，即擢為都督。世宗為世子，引為親信都督，稍遷征虜將軍，累加衛將軍。武定五年，封永樂縣子。嘗從世宗於洹橋校獵，見一大鳥，雲表飛颺，光引弓射之，正中其頸。此鳥形如車輪，旋轉而下，至地，乃大雕也。世宗取而觀之，深壯異焉。丞相屬邢子高見而嘆曰：「此射雕手也。」當時傳號落雕都督。尋兼左衛將軍，進爵為伯。

Guang, styled Mingyue, from youth was skilled at riding and archery and was renowned for martial prowess. At the end of Wei, he followed Hulü Jin on the western campaign; Yuwen Tai's chief administrator Mo Xiaohui was then in the ranks; Hulü Guang galloped forward and shot him, then captured him on the field — Guang was then seventeen. Gao Huan praised this and at once promoted Hulü Guang to grand commander. When Gao Cheng was heir apparent, Hulü Guang was brought in as a trusted commander; he was gradually promoted to general who represses barbarians and cumulatively advanced to general of the guard. In the fifth year of Wuding, he was enfeoffed viscount of Yongle County. Once he followed Gao Cheng in a hunt at Huan Bridge; he saw a great bird soaring above the clouds; Hulü Guang drew his bow and shot it, striking it square in the neck. The bird was the size of a wheel; it spun downward to earth — it was a great eagle. Gao Cheng took it to look at it and was deeply struck by the marvel. Xing Zichao, an aide in the chancellor's office, saw it and sighed, "This is an eagle-shooter." At the time he was known by the sobriquet Commander Who Drops Eagles. Soon he also served as left general of the guard and his rank was advanced to baron.

齊受禪，加開府儀同三司，別封西安縣子。天保三年，從征出塞，光先驅破敵，多斬首虜，並獲雜畜。還，除晉州刺史。東有周天柱、新安、牛頭三戍，招引亡叛，屢為寇竊。七年，光率步騎五千襲破之，又大破周儀同王敬儁等，獲口五百餘人，雜畜千餘頭而還。九年，又率衆取周絳川、白馬、澮交、翼城等四戍。除朔州刺史。十年，除特進、開府儀同三司。二月，率騎一萬討周開府曹迴公，斬之。栢谷城主儀同薛禹生棄城奔遁，遂取文侯鎮，立戍置柵而還。乾明元年，除并州刺史。皇建元年，進爵鉅鹿郡公。時樂陵王百年為皇太子，肅宗以光世載醇謹，兼著勳王室，納其長女為太子妃。大寧元年，除尚書右僕射，食中山郡幹。二年，除太子太保。河清二年四月，光率步騎二萬築勳掌城於軹關西，仍築長城二百里，置十三戍。三年正月，周遣將達奚成興等來寇平陽，詔光率步騎三萬禦之，興等聞而退走。光逐北，遂入其境，獲二千餘口而還。其年三月，遷司徒。四月，率騎北討突厥，獲馬千餘匹。是年冬，周武帝遣其柱國大司馬尉遲迥、齊國公宇文憲，柱國庸國公可叱雄等，衆稱十萬，寇洛陽。光率騎五萬馳往赴擊，戰於邙山，迥等大敗。光親射雄，殺之，斬捕首虜三千餘級，迥、憲僅而獲免，盡收其甲兵輜重，仍以死者積為京觀。世祖幸洛陽，策勳班賞，遷太尉，又封冠軍縣公。先是世祖命納光第二女為太子妃，天統元年，拜為皇后。其年，光轉大將軍。三年六月，父喪去官，其月，詔起光及其弟羨並復前任。秋，除太保，襲爵咸陽王，並襲第一領民酋長，別封武德郡公，徙食趙州幹，遷太傅。

When Qi received the abdication, he was granted commissioner with protocol equal to three imperators and separately enfeoffed viscount of Xi'an County. In the third year of Tianbao, he followed a campaign beyond the frontier; Hulü Guang went ahead as vanguard and broke the enemy, beheading many and taking captives, and also seizing mixed livestock. On returning, he was made governor of Jin Province. To the east were the three Zhou forts of Tianzhu, Xin'an, and Niutou, which recruited fugitives and repeatedly raided and plundered. In the seventh year, Hulü Guang led five thousand foot and horse in a surprise attack and broke them; he also greatly defeated the Zhou commissioner Wang Jingjun and others, taking more than five hundred captives and more than a thousand head of mixed livestock before returning. In the ninth year, he again led troops and took the four Zhou forts of Jiangchuan, Baima, Huaijiao, and Yicheng. He was made governor of Shuo Province. In the tenth year, he was made special grand master and commissioner with protocol equal to three imperators. In the second month, he led ten thousand horsemen to attack the Zhou opener of a government office Cao Huigong and beheaded him. The commissioner of Baigu Fort, Xue Yusheng, abandoned the city and fled; Hulü Guang then took Wenhou Fort, established a garrison, set palisades, and returned. In the first year of Ganming, he was made governor of Bing Province. In the first year of Huangjian, his rank was advanced to duke of Julu Commandery. At that time Prince of Yueyang Bainian was crown prince; Gao Zhan, because the Hulü family for generations had been pure and careful and Hulü Guang had also shown merit to the royal house, took his eldest daughter as the crown prince's consort. In the first year of Daning, he was made right vice director of the masters of writing, with income from Zhongshan Commandery. In the second year, he was made grand tutor to the crown prince. In the fourth month of the second year of Heqing, Hulü Guang led twenty thousand foot and horse to build Xunzhang Fort west of Zhiguan Pass and also built two hundred li of the Great Wall, establishing thirteen garrisons. In the first month of the third year, Zhou dispatched generals Daxi Chengxing and others to raid Pingyang; an edict ordered Hulü Guang to lead thirty thousand foot and horse against them; Chengxing and the others, hearing of it, withdrew and fled. Hulü Guang pursued north, entered their territory, and took more than two thousand captives before returning. In the third month of that year, he was transferred to minister over the masses. In the fourth month, he led horsemen north to attack the Turks and took more than a thousand horses. That winter, Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou dispatched his pillar of state and grand marshal Yuchi Tong, Duke of Qi State Yuwen Xian, and pillar of state and duke of Yong State Kechi Xiong and others — their host was said to number one hundred thousand — to raid Luoyang. Hulü Guang led fifty thousand horsemen in a forced march to meet and attack them; they fought at Mount Mang, and Tong and the others were utterly defeated. Hulü Guang personally shot Kechi Xiong and killed him; more than three thousand heads and captives were cut down and taken; Yuchi Tong and Yuwen Xian barely escaped with their lives; all their armor, weapons, and baggage were seized, and the dead were heaped into a victory mound. Gao Zhan visited Luoyang, assessed merit and distributed rewards, and transferred Hulü Guang to grand commandant; he was again enfeoffed duke of Champion County. Earlier Emperor Wucheng had ordered Guang's second daughter taken as crown princess; in the first year of Tiantong she was invested empress. That year Guang was made grand general. In the sixth month of the third year he left office upon his father's death; that same month an edict recalled Guang and his younger brother Xian to their former posts. In autumn he was made grand preceptor, succeeded to the title prince of Xianyang and to the office of first chief of the tribal register, was separately enfeoffed duke of Wude Commandery with revenue transferred to Zhao Province, and was promoted to grand tutor.

十二月，周遣將圍洛陽，壅絕糧道。武平元年正月，詔光率步騎三萬討之。軍次定隴，周將張掖公宇文桀、中州刺史梁士彥、開府司水大夫梁景興等又屯鹿盧交道，光擐甲執銳，身先士卒，鋒刃才交，桀衆大潰，斬首二千餘級。直到宜陽，與周齊國公宇文憲、申國公扌翕跋顯敬相對十旬。光置築統關、豐化二城，以通宜陽之路。軍還，行次安鄴，憲等衆號五萬，仍躡軍後，光縱騎擊之，憲衆大潰，虜其開府宇文英、都督越勤世良、韓延等，又斬首三百餘級。憲仍令桀及其大將軍中部公梁洛都與景興、士彥等步騎三萬於鹿盧交塞斷要路。光與韓貴孫、呼延族、王顯等合擊，大破之，斬景興，獲馬千匹。詔加右丞相、并州刺史。其冬，光又率步騎五萬於玉壁築華谷、龍門二城，與憲、顯敬等相持，憲等不敢動。光乃進圍定陽，仍築南汾城。置州以逼之，夷夏萬餘戶並來內附。

In the twelfth month Zhou sent generals to besiege Luoyang and choke off its grain routes. In the first month of the first year of Wuping an edict ordered Guang to lead thirty thousand infantry and cavalry against them. The army halted at Dinglong. Zhou generals Zhangye Duke Yuwen Jie, Zhong Province governor Liang Shiyan, and Kaifu director of water affairs Liang Jingxing and others had again encamped at the Lulu crossroads. Guang donned armor, seized a sharp blade, and led from the front; blades had barely crossed when Jie's men broke completely — more than two thousand heads were taken. He pressed on to Yiyang and faced Zhou Prince of Qi Yuwen Xian and Duke of Shen Baba Xianjing in stalemate for a hundred days. Guang built and garrisoned the fortresses Tongguan and Fenghua to keep the road to Yiyang open. On the return march, when the army reached Anye, Xian's force — fifty thousand strong — still trailed behind. Guang unleashed cavalry and Xian's men broke completely. He captured their Kaifu Yuwen Ying, supervisor Yueqin Shiliang, Han Yan, and others, and took more than three hundred heads besides. Xian then ordered Jie and his grand general Central Duke Liang Luodu, together with Jingxing, Shiyan, and others, to post thirty thousand infantry and cavalry at the Lulu pass and cut the vital route. Guang joined Han Guisun, Huyan Zu, Wang Xian, and others in a combined attack and routed them completely, beheading Jingxing and taking a thousand horses. An edict additionally made him right chancellor and governor of Bing Province. That winter Guang again led fifty thousand infantry and cavalry to build the fortresses Huagu and Longmen at Yubi and faced Xian, Xianjing, and the others in stalemate; Xian's men did not dare move. Guang then pressed on to besiege Dingyang and also built the fortress Nanchen. A province was established to press them, and more than ten thousand households of barbarians and Chinese alike came over and submitted.

二年，率衆築平隴、衛壁、統戎等鎮戍十有三所。周柱國枹罕公普屯威、柱國韋孝寬等步騎萬餘，來逼平隴，與光戰於汾水之北，光大破之，俘斬千計。又封中山郡公，增邑一千戶。軍還，詔復令率步騎五萬出平陽道，攻姚襄、白亭城戍，皆克之，獲其城主儀同、大都督等九人，捕虜數千人。又別封長樂郡公。是月，周遣其柱國紇幹廣略圍宜陽。光率步騎五萬赴之，大戰於城下，乃取周建安等四戍，捕虜千餘人而還。軍未至鄴，敕令便放兵散。光以為軍人多有勳功，未得慰勞，若即便散，恩澤不施，乃密通表請使宣旨，軍仍且進。朝廷發使遲留，軍還，將至紫陌，光仍駐營待使。帝聞光軍營已逼，心甚惡之，急令舍人追光入見，然後宣勞散兵。拜光左丞相，又別封清河郡公。

In the second year he led troops to build thirteen garrison fortresses, including Pinglong, Weiqi, and Tongrong. Zhou pillar lords Duke of Baohan Putun Wei and Wei Xiaokuan and others, with more than ten thousand infantry and cavalry, came to press Pinglong. They fought Guang north of the Fen River; Guang routed them completely, capturing and slaying more than a thousand. He was again enfeoffed duke of Zhongshan Commandery, with a fief increased by one thousand households. When the army returned, an edict again ordered him to lead fifty thousand infantry and cavalry out by the Pingyang route against the garrison fortresses of Yaoqiang and Baiting; both fell. Nine fortress commanders of Yitong and grand governor rank were captured, along with several thousand prisoners. He was separately enfeoffed duke of Changle Commandery. That month Zhou sent its pillar lord Heggan Guanglue to besiege Yiyang. Guang led fifty thousand infantry and cavalry to the relief. A great battle was fought below the walls; he then took four Zhou garrisons including Jian'an and captured more than a thousand prisoners before returning. Before the army reached Ye, an edict ordered the troops dismissed at once. Guang thought many soldiers had earned merit without yet receiving reward or comfort; if they were dismissed immediately, imperial favor would never reach them. He secretly sent a memorial asking that an envoy proclaim the edict while the army continued to advance. The court's envoy was slow in coming. When the army returned and was nearing Zimo, Guang still encamped and waited for the envoy. When the emperor heard that Guang's army camp was already pressing close, he was deeply displeased and urgently ordered a palace attendant to summon Guang for an audience; only then were the troops rewarded and dismissed. Guang was made left chancellor and separately enfeoffed duke of Qinghe Commandery.

光入，常在朝堂垂簾而坐。祖珽不知，乘馬過其前。光怒，謂人曰：「此人乃敢爾！」後珽在內省，言聲高慢，光適過，聞之，又怒。珽知光忿，而賂光從奴而問之曰：「相王瞋孝徵耶？」曰：「自公用事，相王每夜抱膝嘆曰：『盲人入，國必破矣！』」穆提婆求娶光庶女，不許。帝賜提婆晉陽之田，光言於朝曰：「此田神武帝以來常種禾，飼馬數千匹，以擬寇難，今賜提婆，無乃闕軍務也？」由是祖、穆積怨。

When Guang entered court he would often sit behind the hanging curtain in the hall of audience. Zu Ting did not know and rode past in front of him. Guang was furious and said to others, "This man dares behave so!" Later Ting was in the inner secretariat speaking in a loud, insolent voice. Guang happened to pass by, heard it, and grew angry again. Ting knew Guang's wrath and bribed one of Guang's attendants to ask, "Is the Prince angry with Xiaozheng?" The answer came: "Since you took power, the Prince every night sits hugging his knees and sighs, 'The blind man has entered — the state is sure to fall! Mu Tipo asked to marry Guang's concubine-born daughter; permission was refused.' The emperor bestowed on Tipo fields at Jinyang. Guang said at court, "These fields since the Shenwu Emperor have always been sown with grain to feed several thousand horses against enemy raids. To give them to Tipo now — will this not cripple military affairs?" From this Zu and Mu nursed deep resentment.

周將軍韋孝寬忌光英勇，乃作謠言，令間諜漏其文於鄴，曰「百升飛上天，明月照長安」，又曰「高山不推自崩，槲樹不扶自豎」。祖珽因續之曰：「盲眼老公背上下大斧，饒舌老母不得語。」令小兒歌之於路。提婆聞之，以告其母令萱。萱以饒舌斥己也，盲老公謂珽也，遂相與協謀，以謠言啟帝曰：「斛律累世大將，明月聲震關西，豐樂威行突厥，女為皇后，男尚公主，謠言甚可畏也。」帝以問韓長鸞，鸞以為不可，事寢。祖珽又見帝請間，唯何洪珍在側。帝曰：「前得公啟，即欲施行，長鸞以為無此理。」珽未對，洪珍進曰：「若本無意則可，既有此意而不決行，萬一泄露如何？」帝曰：「洪珍言是也。」猶豫未決。會丞相府佐封士讓密啟云：「光前西討還，敕令放兵散，光令軍逼帝京，將行不軌，事不果而止。家藏弩甲，奴僮千數，每遣使豐樂、武都處，陰謀往來。若不早圖，恐事不可測。」啟云「軍逼帝京」，會帝前所疑意，謂何洪珍云：「人心亦大聖，我前疑其欲反，果然。」帝性至怯懦，恐即變發，令洪珍馳召祖珽告之。又恐追光不從命。珽因云：「正爾召之，恐疑不肯入。宜遣使賜其一駿馬，語云『明日將往東山遊觀，王可乘此馬同行』，光必來奉謝，因引入執之。」帝如其言。頃之，光至，引入涼風堂，劉桃枝自後拉而殺之，時年五十八。於是下詔稱光謀反，今已伏法，其餘家口並不須問。尋而發詔，盡滅其族。

Zhou general Wei Xiaokuan, jealous of Guang's valor, composed slanderous verses and had spies leak the text at Ye: "A hundred pints fly up to heaven; Bright Moon shines on Chang'an," and also, "The high mountain needs no push to collapse; the oak needs no prop to stand straight." Zu Ting then added to them: "The blind old husband carries a great axe on his back; the sharp-tongued old woman cannot speak." He had children sing them in the streets. Tipo heard of it and told his mother Ling Xuan. Xuan took "sharp-tongued" as a reproach against herself and "blind old husband" as referring to Ting. They therefore joined in plotting and reported the verses to the emperor, saying, "The Hulü clan for generations has been great generals; Bright Moon's fame shakes the lands west of the passes, Fengle's authority reaches the Turks; a daughter is empress and sons marry princesses — the verses are truly fearsome." The emperor asked Han Changluan; Changluan said it could not be done, and the matter rested. Zu Ting again saw the emperor and asked for a private audience; only He Hongzhen was at his side. The emperor said, "I received your earlier memorial and at once wished to carry it out; Changluan said there was no reason for it." Before Ting could answer, Hongzhen stepped forward and said, "If there had never been such intent, that would be one thing; but once such intent exists and is not decisively carried out, what if it leaks?" The emperor said, "Hongzhen speaks rightly." He still hesitated, undecided. It happened that chief administrator of the chancellor's office Feng Shirang sent a secret memorial saying, "When Guang returned from the western campaign, an edict ordered the troops dismissed; Guang kept the army pressing the imperial capital, intending treason, but the plot failed and stopped. At home he hoards crossbows and armor and keeps a thousand-odd slaves and servants; he constantly sends messengers to Fengle and Wudu, plotting back and forth in secret. If he is not dealt with early, I fear matters may become unpredictable." The memorial's words "the army pressing the imperial capital" matched the emperor's earlier suspicions. He said to He Hongzhen, "Heaven's mind is also a great sage — I earlier suspected he wished to rebel, and so it proves." The emperor was by nature extremely timid. Fearing an immediate outbreak, he ordered Hongzhen to gallop and summon Zu Ting to tell him. He also feared that if Guang were summoned he would not obey. Ting therefore said, "If you summon him directly, I fear he will suspect and refuse to enter. You should send an envoy to bestow a fine horse on him, saying, 'Tomorrow I shall go to the Eastern Hills for an outing; the Prince may ride this horse and come with me' — Guang will surely come to give thanks, and you can then bring him in and seize him." The emperor did as he said. Before long Guang arrived. He was brought into the Cool Breeze Hall, and Liu Taozhi strangled him from behind and killed him. He was fifty-eight. Thereupon an edict was issued declaring that Guang had plotted rebellion and had now paid with his life; the rest of his household need not be investigated. Soon another edict was issued exterminating the entire clan.

光性少言剛急，嚴於御下，治兵督衆，唯仗威刑。版築之役，鞭撻人士，頗稱其暴。自結發從戎，未嘗失律，深為鄰敵所懾憚。罪既不彰，一旦屠滅，朝野痛惜之。周武帝聞光死，大喜，赦其境內。後入鄴，追贈上柱國、崇國公。指詔書曰：「此人若在，朕豈能至鄴！」

Guang by nature spoke little, was stern and quick-tempered, and strict with subordinates; in drilling troops and supervising the ranks he relied solely on awe and punishment. In corvée labor for wall-building he whipped gentlemen and was widely called brutal. From the time he first bound his hair and took up arms he never once lost discipline, and neighboring enemies deeply feared him. His guilt was never made clear, yet in a single day he was slaughtered to extinction; court and common people alike mourned and lamented. When Emperor Wu of Zhou heard that Guang was dead he rejoiced greatly and proclaimed an amnesty within his borders. Later, when he entered Ye, he posthumously enfeoffed Guang as pillar of state and duke of Chong. Pointing at the edict he said, "If this man were still alive, how could I have reached Ye!"

光有四子。長子武都，歷位特進、太子太保、開府儀同三司、梁兗二州刺史。所在並無政績，唯事聚斂，侵漁百姓。光死，遣使於州斬之。次須達，中護軍、開府儀同三司，先光卒。次世雄，開府儀同三司。次恒伽，假儀同三司。並賜死。光小子鐘，年數歲，獲免。周朝襲封崇國公。隋開皇中卒於驃騎將軍。

Guang had four sons. The eldest, Wudu, rose through the posts of special advance, grand preceptor to the crown prince, Kaifu Yitong Third Rank, and governor of Liang and Yan Provinces. Everywhere he served he showed no administrative achievement and devoted himself only to amassing wealth, plundering the common people. When Guang died, an envoy was sent to the province to behead him. Next was Xuda, central guard general and Kaifu Yitong Third Rank; he died before Guang. Next was Shixiong, Kaifu Yitong Third Rank. Next was Hengga, acting Kaifu Yitong Third Rank. All were granted death. Guang's youngest son Zhong, only a few years old, was spared. Under the Zhou dynasty he inherited the enfeoffment as duke of Chong. In the Kaihuang era of Sui he died as general of fast cavalry.

羨，字豐樂，少有機警，尤善射藝，高祖見而稱之。世宗擢為開府參軍事。遷征虜將軍、中散大夫，加安西將軍，進封大夏縣子，除通州刺史。顯祖受禮，進號征西，別封顯親縣伯。

Xian, styled Fengle, was quick-witted from youth and especially skilled in archery; Gao Huan saw him and praised him. Gao Cheng promoted him to staff officer of Kaifu. He was transferred to general who captures barbarians and palace attendant, additionally made general who pacifies the west, advanced in enfeoffment to viscount of Daxia County, and made governor of Tong Province. When the Founding Emperor received the abdication, Xian's title was advanced to general who campaigns west and he was separately enfeoffed baron of Xianqin County.

河清三年，轉使持節，都督幽、安、平、南、北營、東燕六州諸軍事，幽州刺史。其年秋，突厥衆十餘萬來寇州境，羨總率諸將禦之。突厥望見軍威甚整，遂不敢戰，即遣使求款。慮其有詐，且喻之曰：「爾輩此行，本非朝貢，見機始變，未是宿心。若有實誠，宜速歸巢穴，別遣使來。」於是退走。天統元年夏五月，突厥木汗遣使請朝獻，羨始以聞，自是朝貢歲時不絕，羨有力焉。詔加行臺僕射。羨以北虜屢犯邊，須備不虞，自庫堆戍東拒於海，隨山屈曲二千餘里，其間二百里中凡有險要，或斬山築城，或斷谷起障，並置立戍邏五十餘所。又導高梁水北合易京，東會於潞，因以灌田。邊儲歲積，轉漕用省，公私獲利焉。其年六月，丁父憂去官，與兄光並被起復任，還鎮燕薊。三年，加位特進。四年，遷行臺尚書令，別封高城縣侯。武平元年，加驃騎大將軍。時光子武都為兗州刺史。羨歷事數帝，以謹直見推，雖極榮寵，不自矜尚，至是以合門貴盛，深以為憂。乃上書推讓，乞解所職，優詔不許。其年秋，進爵荊山郡王。

In the third year of Heqing he was transferred to bearer of the staff of authority and area commander of military affairs in the six provinces of You, An, Ping, South Camp, North Camp, and East Yan, and governor of You Province. That autumn more than a hundred thousand Turks came raiding the borders of the province; Xian took overall command of the generals to resist them. The Turks saw that the army's bearing was very orderly and did not dare fight; they at once sent envoys seeking terms. Fearing treachery, he also instructed them, saying, "Your journey this time was never a tribute mission; you changed only when you saw your chance — that is not a long-held intent. If you have real sincerity, you should quickly return to your nests and send another envoy." Thereupon they withdrew and fled. In the fifth month of summer in the first year of Tiantong the Turk khan Muhan sent envoys requesting audience and tribute; Xian reported it for the first time. From then on tribute missions came every year without interruption — Xian had much to do with it. An edict additionally made him vice director of the mobile office. Because northern barbarians repeatedly violated the frontier and unexpected trouble had to be guarded against, from Kudui Garrison eastward to the sea he followed the mountains in a winding line of more than two thousand li. Within two hundred li of that stretch, wherever there was strategic ground, he either cut down mountains to build walls or blocked valleys to raise barriers, and in all established more than fifty garrison posts at intervals. He also diverted the Gaoliang River northward to join Yijing and eastward to meet the Lu, and thereby irrigated fields. Frontier stores accumulated year by year, transport costs were saved, and both public and private interests profited. In the sixth month of that year, on his father's death he left office; he and his elder brother Guang were both recalled from mourning to their posts and returned to garrison Yan and Ji. In the third year his rank was advanced to special advance. In the fourth year he was transferred to director of the masters of writing of the mobile office and separately enfeoffed marquis of Gaocheng County. In the first year of Wuping he was additionally made general of fast cavalry. At that time Guang's son Wudu was governor of Yan Province. Xian had served several emperors and was esteemed for his prudence and integrity; though he reached the utmost honor he did not pride himself on it — but now, with the whole house grown noble and powerful, he was deeply troubled. He therefore submitted a memorial yielding his rank, begging to be released from his offices; a gracious edict did not permit it. That autumn he was raised to Prince of Jingshan Commandery.

三年七月，光誅，敕使中領軍賀拔伏恩等十餘人驛捕之。遣領軍大將軍鮮于桃枝、洛州行臺僕射獨孤永業便發定州騎卒續進，仍以永業代羨。伏恩等既至，門者白使人衷甲馬汗，宜閉城門。羨曰：「敕使豈可疑拒？」出見之，伏恩把手，遂執之，死於長史廳事。臨終嘆曰：「富貴如此，女為皇后，公主滿家，常使三百兵，何得不敗！」及其五子世達、世遷、世辨、世酋、伏護，餘年十五已下者宥之。羨未誅前，忽令其在州諸子自伏護以下五六人，鎖頸乘驢出城，合家皆泣送之至門，日晚而歸。吏民莫不驚異。行燕郡守馬嗣明，醫術之士，為羨所欽愛，乃竊問之，答曰：「須有禳厭。」數日而有此變。

In the seventh month of the third year, after Guang was put to death, an edict sent Central Palace Army Commander Helba Fu'en and a dozen others by relay horse to seize Xian. Campaign commander Grand General Xianyu Taozhi and Luozhou circuit executive assistant Dugu Yongye were ordered to mobilize Ding Province cavalry at once as reinforcements, and Yongye was to replace Xian in office. When Fu'en and his men arrived, the gatekeepers reported that the envoys wore armor beneath their robes and their horses ran wet with sweat — the city gates ought to be barred. Xian said, "How can one meet an imperial envoy with suspicion and turn him away?" He went out to receive them. Fu'en took his hand — and seized him. He died in the chief administrator's hall. At the end he sighed: "Wealth and honor such as this — a daughter made queen, princesses in every corner of the house, three hundred armed retainers always at call — how could we not fall?" His five sons Shida, Shiqian, Shibian, Shiyou, and Fuhu were put to death; those fifteen or younger were spared. Before Xian was executed, he suddenly had five or six sons then in the province — from Fuhu on down — led out of the city with chains at their throats, riding donkeys. The whole household wept and escorted them to the gate, then returned as evening fell. Officials and commoners alike were struck with wonder and dread. Ma Siming, acting magistrate of Yan Commandery — a physician Xian held in esteem — privately asked what it meant. Xian answered, "We need a rite to turn aside ill fortune." Within days the calamity arrived.

羨及光並少工騎射，其父每日令其出畋，還即較所獲禽獸。光所獲或少，必麗龜達腋。羨雖獲多，非要害之所。光常蒙賞，羨或被捶撻。人問其故，金答云：「明月必背上著箭，豐樂隨處即下手，其數雖多，去兄遠矣。」聞者咸服其言。

Both Xian and Guang were skilled in riding and archery from youth. Each day their father sent them out to hunt; on their return he compared the game each had taken. If Guang's bag was light, he always drove his arrow through the turtle's shell and out beneath the armpit. Xian might take more, but never in the vital places. Guang was often praised and rewarded; Xian was sometimes beaten with the rod. When people asked why, Jin answered: "Mingyue always plants his arrow in the beast's back. Fengle strikes wherever he can — though the count may be greater, he falls far short of his elder brother." All who heard were convinced.

金兄平，便弓馬，有幹用。魏景明中，釋褐殿中將軍，遷襄威將軍。正光末，六鎮擾亂，隸大將軍尉賓北討。軍敗，為賊所虜。後走奔其弟金於雲州，進號龍驤將軍。與金擁衆南出，至黃瓜堆，為杜洛周所破，部落離散。及歸尒朱榮，待之甚厚，以平襲父爵第一領民酋長。

Jin's elder brother Ping was skilled with bow and horse and had real capacity for command. In the Jingming era of Wei he entered service as a palace guard general and was transferred to Xiangwei General. At the end of Zhengguang, when the six garrisons fell into turmoil, he served under Grand General Yu Bin on the northern campaign. The army was defeated and he was taken by the rebels. Later he fled to his brother Jin at Yunzhou and was advanced to Dragon-Tiger General. With Jin he led their following south. At Huangguadui they were broken by Du Luozhou and their tribes scattered. When they returned to Erzhu Rong, he was treated with great favor, and Ping inherited their father's title as First Chieftain of Registered Tribal Peoples.

史臣曰：斛律金以高祖撥亂之始，翼成王業，忠款之至，成此大功，故能終享遐年，位高百辟。觀其盈滿之戒，動之微也，才及後嗣，遂至誅夷，雖為威權之重，蓋符道家所忌。光以上將之子，有沈毅之姿，戰術兵權，暗同韜略，臨敵制勝，變化無方。自關、河分隔，年將四紀。以高祖霸王之期，屬宇文草創之日，出軍薄伐，屢挫兵鋒。而大寧以還，東鄰浸弱，關西前收巴蜀，又殄江陵，叶建瓴而用武，成並吞之壯氣。斛律治軍誓衆，式遏邊鄙，戰則前無完陣，攻則罕有全城，齊氏必致拘原之師，秦人無復啟關之策。而世亂才勝，詐以震主之威；主暗時艱，自毀藩籬之固。昔李牧之為趙將也，北翦胡寇，西卻秦軍，郭開譖之，牧死趙滅。其議誅光者，豈秦之反間歟，何同術而同亡也！內令諸將解體，外為強鄰報讐。嗚呼！後之君子，可為深戒。

The historian writes: Hulü Jin, at the outset when Gao Huan was settling the chaos, helped establish the royal enterprise. His loyalty was complete, and so this great achievement was won — thus he lived out his years in full and stood above all the hundred ministers. Yet see how the warning against overflowing fullness moves in small ways: it had scarcely touched the next generation when execution and extermination followed. Though the weight of power was great, it still matched what the Daoist masters warn against. Guang, as the son of a supreme general, bore a grave and resolute bearing. In tactical craft and military command he matched hidden stratagem — facing the enemy he seized victory, shifting without fixed form. Since the passes and the Yellow River divided the realm, nearly four decades had passed. At the height of Gao Huan's hegemony, in the very days when the Yuwen clan was first founding its state, their armies went forth on punitive raids and again and again blunted the enemy's edge. But from the Daning era onward, the eastern neighbor weakened by degrees. In the west they first took Bashu, then destroyed Jiangling — the tide ran downhill for war, and the spirit of annexation gathered strength. The Hulü clan disciplined the army, rallied the host, and held the border fast — in battle no enemy line stood whole; in siege scarcely a city held intact. Qi could always bring the foe to bay; Qin no longer had a plan to force the passes open. Yet in an age of disorder, talent itself became a triumph — and fraud clothed itself in the majesty that overawes a ruler. The ruler was dim, the times were hard, and the realm tore down its own ramparts. Long ago, when Li Mu served Zhao as general, he cut down the northern raiders and drove back the armies of Qin. Guo Kai slandered him; Li Mu died, and Zhao was destroyed. Were those who counseled Guang's death perhaps Qin's agents of division? Same craft, same ruin! Within, they had the generals disband; without, they repaid a powerful neighbor's grudge. Alas! Men of later times — let this be a warning deeply taken.

贊曰：赳赳咸陽，邦家之光。明月忠壯，仍世將相。聲振關右，勢高時望。迫此威名，易興讒謗。始自工言，終斯交喪。

The encomium says: Steadfast Xianyang — brilliance of clan and state. Mingyue, loyal and mighty — general and minister through generations. His fame shook the lands west of the passes; his stature outran the regard of his age. Pressed by such renown, slander easily rose. It began with clever speech — and ended in mutual ruin.

全文以中華書局、一九七二年十一月、第一版《北齊書》為本校。

The entire text has been collated against the November 1972 first edition of the Book of Northern Qi published by Zhonghua Shuju.

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