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景穆十二王下
Jingmu's Twelve Sons (Part 2)
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列傳第六景穆十二王下
Biographies 6 — Jingmu's Twelve Sons (Part 2)
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任城王雲，和平五年封。 少聰慧，年五歲，景穆崩，號哭不絕聲。 太武抱之泣曰：「汝何知而有成人意也！」 獻文時，拜都督中外諸軍事、中都大官，聽訟，甚收時譽。 及獻文欲禪位於京兆王子推，王公卿士莫敢先言。 雲進曰：「父子相傳久矣，皇魏未之有革。」 太尉源賀又進以為不可，願思任城之言。 東陽西元丕等進曰：「皇太子雖聖德夙彰，然實沖幼。 陛下欲隆獨善，其若宗廟何？」 帝曰：「儲宮正統，群公相之，有何不可？」 於是傳位孝文。
Yun, Prince of Rencheng, received his fief in the fifth year of Heping. Clever even as a boy, at five when Jingmu died he wept without stopping. Taiwu took him in his arms and wept. "How is it you already have a grown man's heart? Under Xianwen he commanded all armies at court and in the field, directed the Inner Palace at the Center, heard civil suits, and won wide renown. When Xianwen wished to abdicate to Zitui, Prince of Jingzhao, none among kings, dukes, and grandees dared speak first. Yun stepped forward. "Father passing rule to son is an ancient way; since Imperial Wei rose, that line has never been broken. Grand Commandant Yuan He added that it could not be done and begged the throne to heed the Prince of Rencheng. Yuan Pi of Dongyang and others said, "The crown prince's virtue is plain, yet he is still a child. Your Majesty seeks private ease—what becomes of the ancestral temples? The emperor said, "The heir holds the orthodox line; the lords will assist him—what could be impossible? Thereupon the throne passed to Emperor Xiaowen.
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後蠕蠕犯塞，雲為中軍大都督，從獻文討之。 過大磧，雲曰：「夷狄之馬初不見武頭盾，若令此盾在前，破之必矣。」 帝從之，命敕勒首領，執手勞遣之。 於是相率而歌，方駕而前。 大破之，獲其凶首。 後仇池氐反，又命雲討平之。 除開府、徐州刺史。 雲乙太妃蓋氏薨，表求解任。 獻文不許。 雲悲號動疾，乃許之。 性善撫接，深得徐方之心，為百姓所追戀，送遺錢貨，一無所受。
When the Rouran raided the frontier Yun was made Grand Commander of the Center Army and followed Xianwen to war. Crossing the Great Marsh, Yun said, "Their horses have never seen the Wu-head shield; put it in front and we are sure to break them. The emperor agreed, ordered the Tiele chiefs, and took their hands in farewell. They sang as one and drove forward in formation. The army won a great victory and took their chieftains. When the Chouchi Di rebelled he was again sent to campaign and pacify them. He was then given an open office and made inspector of Xuzhou. When his grand consort Lady Gai died, Yun asked to resign his post. Xianwen refused. Yun wailed until he fell ill; only then was he released. He was skilled at winning men and deeply won Xu; the people clung to him and sent money and goods, but he accepted none.
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再遷冀州刺史，甚得下情。 於是合州請戶輸絹五尺、粟五升，以報雲恩。 孝文嘉之，詔宣告天下，使知勸勵。 遷長安鎮都大將、雍州刺史。 雲廉謹自修，留心庶獄，挫抑豪強，劫盜止息，州人頌之者千餘人。 太和五年，薨於州，遺令薄葬，勿受贈襚，諸子奉遵其旨。 諡曰康，陪葬雲中之金陵。
Made inspector of Jizhou, he won the common people's hearts even more. The whole province then asked each household to give five feet of silk and five sheng of grain in thanks for Yun's grace. Xiaowen praised it and proclaimed an edict through the realm as encouragement. He was transferred to grand general of Chang'an Garrison and inspector of Yongzhou. Yun lived with integrity, minded common lawsuits, checked the powerful, and robbery ceased; more than a thousand in the province praised him. In Taihe year 5 he died in the province, ordering a plain burial and no funeral gifts; his sons obeyed. He was given the posthumous title Kang and buried with honor at Jinling in Yunzhong.
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長子澄，字道鏡，少好學，美鬢髮，善舉止，言辭清辯，響若縣鐘。 康王薨，居喪以孝聞。 襲封，加征北大將軍。 以氏羌反叛，除征南大將軍、梁州刺史。 文明太后引見誡厲之，顧謂中書令李沖曰：「此兒風神吐發，當為宗室領袖，是行當不辱命，我不妄也。」 澄至州，誘導懷附，西南款順。 加侍中，賜衣一襲，乘黃馬一匹，以旌其能。 轉開府、徐州刺史，甚著聲績。 朝京師，引見於皇信堂。 孝文詔澄曰：「昔鄭子產鑄刑書而晉叔向非之。 此二人皆賢士，得失竟誰？」 對曰：「鄭國寡弱，攝于強鄰，人情去就，非刑莫制，故鑄刑書以示威。 雖乖古式，合今權道。」 帝方革變，深善其對，笑曰：「任城當欲為魏子產也。 朕方創改朝制，當與任城共萬世之功。」 後徵為中書令，改授尚書令。 齊庾蓽來朝，見澄音韻遒雅，風儀秀逸，謂主客郎張彝曰：「往魏任城以武著稱，今魏任城乃以文見美也。」
His eldest son Cheng, styled Daojing, loved learning from youth, had fine hair and beard, graceful bearing, and a clear, bell-like voice. When Prince Kang died, his mourning was famed for filial piety. He inherited the title and was further made Grand General Who Pacifies the North. When the Di and Qiang rebelled he was made Grand General Who Conquers the South and inspector of Liangzhou. Empress Dowager Wenming received and warned him, then told Director of the Secretariat Li Chong, "This boy's spirit shines; he will lead the imperial kin. He will not disgrace this mission—I do not speak idly. At the province he guided and won men; the southwest submitted in good faith. He was made palace attendant, granted a suit of robes and a yellow horse, to mark his ability. Made commander with an open office and inspector of Xuzhou, he won great fame and achievement. At the capital he was received in the Hall of Imperial Trust. Xiaowen said to Cheng, "Long ago Zichan of Zheng cast the penal code and Shu Xiang of Jin opposed it. Both were worthy—who was right in the end? He replied, "Zheng was few and weak, subject to a strong neighbor; the people's going and staying needed penal law, so he cast the code to show authority. Though it departed from antiquity, it fit the age's expedient. The emperor was reforming institutions and deeply approved, smiling, "Prince of Rencheng would be Wei's Zichan. I am now creating new court institutions and shall share enduring achievement with Prince of Rencheng. Later he was summoned as director of the Secretariat and then director of the Masters of Writing. Yu Bi of Qi came to court; seeing Cheng's resonant voice and refined bearing, he told Chief of Guests Zhang Yi, "Once Wei's Prince of Rencheng was famed for war; now he is praised for letters."
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時詔延四廟之子，下逮玄孫之胄，申宗宴於皇信堂。 不以爵秩為列，悉序昭穆為次，用家人之禮。 帝曰：「行禮已畢、欲令宗室各言其志，可率賦詩。」 特命澄為七言連韻，與孝文往復賭賽，遂至極歡，際夜乃罷。
An edict then gathered sons of the four temples down to great-great-grandsons for a clan feast in the Hall of Imperial Trust. They were not ranked by title but ordered by zhao and mu, with family rites. The emperor said, "The rites are done; let each of the clan speak his heart—compose poems as you will. He ordered Cheng to make linked seven-character rhyme; he and Xiaowen wagered until joy peaked and night ended the feast.
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後帝外示南討，意在謀遷，齊于明堂左個。 詔太常卿王諶，親令龜卜易筮南伐之事，其兆遇《革》。 澄進曰：「《易》言革者更也，將欲革君臣之命，湯、武得之為吉。 陛下帝有天下，今日卜征，不得雲革命，未可全為吉也。」 帝厲聲曰：「此象雲大人武變，何言不吉也！」 車駕還宮，便召澄，未及升階，遙謂曰：「向者之《革》，今更欲論之。 明堂之忿，懼眾人競言，沮我大計，故厲色怖文武耳。」 乃獨謂澄曰：「國家興自北土，徙居平城，雖富有四海，文軌未一。 此間用武之地，非可興文。 崤函帝宅，河洛王裏，因茲大舉，光宅中原，任城意以為何如？」 澄深贊成其事。 帝曰：「任城便是我之子房。」 加撫軍大將軍、太子少保，又兼尚書左僕射。 及車駕幸洛陽，定遷都之策，詔澄馳驛向北，問彼百司，論擇可否。 曰：「近論《革》，今真所謂革也。」 澄既至代都，眾聞遷詔，莫不驚駭。 澄援引今古，徐以曉之，眾乃開伏。 遂南馳還報，會車駕於滑台。 帝大悅曰：「若非任城，朕事業不得就也。」 從幸鄴宮。 除吏部尚書。
Later he outwardly showed a southern campaign but meant to plan the move, with Qi at the Bright Hall's left bay. He ordered Grand Master of Rites Wang Chen to divine by tortoise and yarrow a southern campaign; the omen was Ge. Cheng advanced. "The Changes says Ge means change—it would change the mandate between ruler and subject; Tang and Wu found that auspicious. Your Majesty already holds the realm; to divine a campaign today cannot be wholly revolution—this cannot be wholly auspicious. The emperor said sternly, "This image says the great man changes by force—how is it not auspicious? The carriage returned and Cheng was summoned; before he mounted the steps Xiaowen called, "That Ge just now—I wish to discuss it again. My anger at the Bright Hall was fear the crowd would thwart my great plan, so I showed a stern face to frighten court and army. Then he spoke to Cheng alone. "The state rose in the north and dwelt at Pingcheng; though it held the four seas, culture and the cart-track were not one. This is a field for war—not where civilization is raised. Between Xiao and Han lies the imperial seat; He and Luo are the royal capital—by this great move to glorify the central plain, what does Prince of Rencheng think? Cheng deeply approved. The emperor said, "Prince of Rencheng is my Zifang. He was added Grand General Who Pacifies the Army and junior tutor of the heir, and also left vice director of the Masters of Writing. When the carriage reached Luoyang and settled the capital move, Cheng was ordered to ride post north and ask the hundred offices whether it could be done. He said, "We lately discussed Ge; now this is truly Ge. At the northern capital all who heard the move edict were startled. Cheng cited present and past and slowly enlightened them; the crowd then submitted. He galloped south to report and met the carriage at Huatai. The emperor was greatly pleased. "Without Prince of Rencheng my undertaking would not have been achieved. He followed in attendance at the Ye palace. He was made director of the Ministry of Personnel.
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及車駕自代北巡，留澄銓簡舊臣。 初，魏自公侯以下，動有萬數，冗散無事。 澄品為三等，量其優劣，盡其能否之用，咸無怨者。 駕還洛京，復兼右僕射。
When the carriage toured north from the northern capital, Cheng was left to grade the old officials. At first, from dukes and marquises down, tens of thousands in Wei were idle and without duties. Cheng graded them in three ranks, measured each by ability, and used all without resentment. When the carriage returned to Luoyang he again held the right vice directorship.
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帝至北芒，遂幸洪池，命澄侍升龍舟。 帝曰：「朕昨夜夢一老公，拜立路左，雲晉侍中嵇紹，故此奉迎，神爽卑懼，似有求焉。」 澄曰：「陛下經殷墟而吊比干，至洛陽而遺嵇紹，當是希恩而感夢。」 帝曰：「朕既有此夢，或如任城所言。」 於是求其兆域，遣使弔祭焉。
The emperor reached North Mang and visited Hong Pool, ordering Cheng to attend aboard the dragon boat. The emperor said, "Last night I dreamed an old man bowing by the road, saying he was Jin's Palace Attendant Ji Shao come to meet me; my spirit was low and fearful, as though he had a request. Cheng said, "Your Majesty mourned Bi Gan at Yin's ruins and met Ji Shao at Luoyang in dream—longing for grace must have moved the dream. The emperor said, "Since I had this dream, perhaps it is as Prince of Rencheng said. His tomb domain was sought and envoys sent to mourn and sacrifice.
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齊明帝既廢弑自立，其雍州刺史曹武請以襄陽內附。 車駕將自赴之，引澄及咸陽王禧、彭城王勰、司徒馮誕、司空穆亮、鎮南李沖等議之。 禧等或云宜行，或言宜止。 帝曰：「眾人意見不等，宜有客主，共相起發。 任城與鎮南為應留之議，朕當為宜行之論。 諸公坐聽，長者從之。」 於是帝往復數交，駕遂南征，不從澄及李沖等言。 後從徵至縣瓠，以疾篤還京。
After Qi's Emperor Ming deposed and murdered his lord, Cao Wu, inspector of Yongzhou, asked to bring Xiangyang within. The carriage was about to go in person; Cheng, Prince of Xianyang Xi, Prince of Pengcheng Xie, Director of the Secretariat Feng Yan, Minister of Works Mu Liang, and Grand General Who Guards the South Li Chong were summoned to deliberate. Some said go, some said stop. The emperor said, "Views differ; let guest and host stir each other. Prince of Rencheng and Li Chong argue to stay; I shall argue to go. You all sit and listen; the elder side prevails. The emperor debated back and forth; the carriage then marched south, not following Cheng and Li Chong. Later, on campaign at Xianhu, severe illness made him return to the capital.
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車駕還洛，引見王公侍臣于清徽堂。 帝曰：「此堂成來，未與王公行宴樂之禮。 今與諸賢，欲無高而不升，無小而不入。」 因之流化渠。 帝曰：「此曲水者，取乾道曲成，萬物無滯。」 次之洗煩池。 帝曰：「此池亦有嘉魚。」 澄曰：「所謂'魚在在藻，有頒其首。 '」帝曰：「且取'王在靈沼，於牣魚躍。 '」次之觀德殿。 帝曰：「射以觀德，故遂命之。」 次之凝閑堂。 帝曰：「此堂取夫子閒居之義。 不可縱奢以忘儉，自安以忘危，故此堂後作茅茨堂。」 謂李沖曰：「此東曰步元廡，西曰遊凱廡。 此坐雖無唐堯之君，卿等當無愧於元、凱。」 沖對曰：「臣既遭唐堯之君，敢辭元、凱之譽？」 帝曰：「光景垂落，朕同宗有載考之義，卿等將出，何得默爾德音。」 即命黃門侍郎崔光、郭祚、通直郎刑巒、崔休等賦詩言志。 燭至，公卿辭退，李沖再拜上于萬歲壽。 帝曰：「卿等以燭至致辭，復獻于萬壽，朕報卿以《南山》之詩。」 乃曰：「燭至辭退，庶姓之禮； 在夜載考，宗族之義。 卿等且還，朕與諸王宗室欲成此夜飲。」 後坐公事免官。 尋兼吏部尚書。
When the carriage returned to Luo, kings, dukes, and ministers were received at the Clear Splendor Hall. The emperor said, "Since this hall was finished I have not feasted with kings and dukes. Today with you worthies I wish none too high to ascend, none too small to enter. They followed the Transforming Flow channel. The emperor said, "This winding water takes Qian's way curving to completion—ten thousand things without stagnation. Next they reached the Wash-Weariness Pool. The emperor said, "This pool also has fine fish. Cheng said, "As the ode says, 'Fish there in the weeds, with heads well shown. The emperor said, "Then take 'The king is at the Spirit Marsh; how the fish leap in multitudes.' Next they reached the View-Virtue Hall.' The emperor said, "Archery is to view virtue—therefore the name. Next they reached the Serene-Leisure Hall. The emperor said, "This hall takes the Master's at-ease meaning. One must not indulge luxury and forget frugality, settle in ease and forget peril—therefore behind it stands the Thatched Hall. He told Li Chong, "East is the Pace-Origin Gallery; west is the Roaming-Triumph Gallery. Though we lack a ruler like Tang Yao, you should not be shamed before Yuan and Kai. Chong replied, "Your servant has met a ruler like Tang Yao—how dare I decline Yuan and Kai's praise? The emperor said, "Light is falling; I share with the clan vigil for elders—you are about to leave; how can you be silent? He ordered Palace Attendant Cui Guang, Guo Zuo, Unimpeded Attendant Xing Luan, Cui Xiu, and others to compose poems. When candles came, dukes and ministers withdrew; Li Chong bowed again and offered long life. The emperor said, "You take the candle as leave and again offer long life; I repay you with Southern Mountains. He said, "Candle comes and guests withdraw—that is commoners' rite; to keep vigil at night is the clan's meaning. Return; I with the kings and clan will finish this night's drinking. Later he was removed from office over public affairs. Soon he held the Ministry of Personnel again.
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恆州刺史穆泰在州謀反，授澄節，銅武、竹使符，禦仗左右，仍行恆州事。 行達雁門，遣書侍御史李煥先赴。 至即禽泰，窮其党與，罪人皆得。 钜鹿公陸睿、安樂侯元隆等百餘人並獄禁。 具狀表聞。 帝覽表，乃大悅曰：「我任城可謂社稷臣，正復皋陶斷獄，豈能過之？」 顧咸陽王等曰：「汝等脫當其處，不能辦此也。」 車駕尋幸平城。 勞澄，引見逆徒，無一人稱枉。 時人莫不歎之。 帝謂左右曰：「必也無訟，今日見之。」 以澄正尚書。
Mu Tai, inspector of Hengzhou, plotted rebellion; Cheng was given tallies, imperial guards, and still ran Hengzhou. Reaching Yanmen he sent Palace Attendant Li Huan ahead. On arrival he seized Tai and exhausted his faction; all culprits were taken. Duke of Julu Lu Rui, Marquis of Anle Yuan Long, and more than a hundred others were imprisoned. The full report was memorialized. The emperor read it and was greatly pleased. "My Prince of Rencheng is a pillar of the state; even Gao Yao judging cases could not surpass this! He turned to Prince of Xianyang and the rest. "In his place you could not have managed this. The carriage soon visited Pingcheng. Cheng was rewarded with audience; rebels were led before him and not one claimed injustice. At the time none did not sigh in admiration. The emperor told those at his side, "Confucius said there would be no lawsuits—today I have seen it. Cheng was made regular director of the Masters of Writing.
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車駕南伐，留澄居守，復兼右僕射。 澄表請以國秩一歲租帛，助供軍資，詔受其半。 帝復幸鄴。 見公卿曰：「朕昨入城，見車上婦人冠帽而著小襦襖者，尚書何為不察？」 澄曰：「著者猶少。」 帝曰：「任城欲令全著乎？ 一言可以喪邦，其斯之謂。 可命史官書之。」 又曰：「王者不降佐於蒼昊，拔才而用之。 朕失于舉人，任一群婦女輩，當更銓簡耳。 任城在省，為舉天下綱維，為當署事而已？」 澄曰：「臣實署事而已。」 帝曰：「如此，便一令史足矣，何待任城？」 尋除尚書左僕射，從駕南伐。 孝文崩，受顧命。
On the southern campaign the carriage left Cheng to guard the capital, again with right vice directorship. Cheng asked to give one year's state-fief rent in silk for the army; an edict took half. The emperor again visited Ye. Seeing ministers he said, "Yesterday entering the city I saw women in carts wearing caps and small jackets—why did the Masters of Writing not investigate? Cheng said, "Those who wear them are still few. The emperor said, "Does Prince of Rencheng wish all to wear them? One word can lose a state—this is what is meant. Order the historiographers to record it. He also said, "A king does not lower himself to the blue heavens but raises talent and employs it. I failed in choosing men and put women in charge—I must grade again. Prince of Rencheng is in the capital as the realm's warp—does he only sign documents? Cheng said, "Your servant truly only signs documents. The emperor said, "If so, one clerk suffices—why wait for Prince of Rencheng? Soon he was made left vice director and followed the southern campaign. When Xiaowen died he received the final charge.
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宣武初，有降人嚴叔懋告尚書令王肅遣孔思達潛通齊國，為叛逆。 澄信之，乃表肅將叛，輒下禁止。 咸陽、北海二王奏澄擅禁宰輔，免官還第。 尋除開府、揚州刺史。 下車封孫叔敖之墓，毀蔣子文之廟； 上表請修復皇宗之學，開四門之教。 詔從之。
At the start of Xuanwu, a surrendered man Yan Shumao reported Director of the Masters of Writing Wang Su sent Kong Sida in secret contact with Qi as rebellion. Cheng believed it and memorialized that Su would rebel, and at once detained him. Princes of Xianyang and Beihai memorialized that Cheng detained a chief minister on his own; he was removed to his residence. Soon he was made commander with an open office and inspector of Yangzhou. On taking his post he sealed Sun Shuao's tomb and destroyed Jiang Ziwen's shrine; he memorialized to restore the Imperial Clan School and open the Four Gates teaching. An edict followed.
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先是，朝議有南伐之計，以蕭寶夤為東揚州刺史，據東城； 陳伯之為江州刺史，戍陽石。 以澄總督二鎮，授之節度。 澄於是遣統軍傅豎眼、王神念等進次大峴、東關、九山、淮陵，皆分部諸將，倍道據之。 澄總勒大眾，絡繹相接，所在克捷，詔書褒美。 既而遇雨，淮水暴長，澄引歸壽春。 還既狼狽，失兵四千餘人。 澄頻表解州，帝不許。 有司奏奪其開府，又降三階。
Earlier the court planned southern campaign; Xiao Baoyin was made inspector of Eastern Yangzhou, holding the eastern city; Chen Bozhi was made inspector of Jiangzhou, garrisoning Yangshi. Cheng was made overall commander of the two garrisons with full regulation. Cheng sent Commander Fu Shuyan, Wang Shennian, and others to Da Xian, Dongguan, Jiushan, and Huailing, generals in division at double pace. Cheng led the great host in continuous array; wherever he went he conquered; edicts praised him. Then rain came and the Huai flooded; Cheng withdrew to Shouchun. The return was disordered; more than four thousand soldiers were lost. Cheng repeatedly asked to resign the province; the emperor refused. The relevant office memorialized to strip his open office; he was demoted three ranks.
17
轉鎮北大將軍、定州刺史。 初，百姓每有橫調，恆煩苦之。 前後牧守未能蠲除，澄多所省減。 又明黜陟賞罰之法，表減公園之地以給無業貧人，布絹不任衣者禁不聽造，百姓欣賴焉。 母孟太妃薨，居喪過毀，當世稱之。 服闋，除太子太保。
Transferred to Grand General Who Guards the North and inspector of Dingzhou. At first the people had many forced levies and constantly suffered. Former inspectors could not remove them; Cheng removed many. He clarified promotion and punishment, reduced parklands for the landless poor, and forbade cloth unfit for clothing—the people rejoiced. When Grand Consort Meng died his mourning exceeded measure; the age praised him. When mourning ended he was made junior tutor of the heir.
18
時高肇當朝，猜忌賢戚。 澄為肇間構，常恐不全，乃終日昏飲，以示荒敗。 所作詭越，時謂為狂。 宣武夜崩，時事倉卒，高肇擁兵於外。 明帝沖幼，朝野不安。 澄雖疏斥，而朝望所屬。 領軍於忠、侍中崔光等奏澄為尚書令，於是眾心欣服。 尋遷司空，加侍中，俄詔領尚書令。
Gao Zhao then held court and was jealous of worthy kin. Cheng was slandered by Zhao and constantly feared for his life, so he drank all day to show ruin. What he did was bizarre; the age called him mad. When Xuanwu died suddenly affairs were rushed; Gao Zhao held troops outside. Emperor Ming was young; court and countryside were unsettled. Though kept at a distance, court hope rested on Cheng. Commander of the Guards Yu Zhong, Palace Attendant Cui Guang, and others memorialized Cheng as director; hearts were pleased. Soon he was minister of works with palace attendance; soon an edict had him lead the Masters of Writing.
19
登表上《皇誥宗制》並《訓詁》各一卷，欲太后覽之，思勸誡之益。 又奏利國濟人所宜振舉者十條：一曰律度量衡，公私不同，所宜一之； 二曰宜興學校，以明黜陟之法； 三曰宜興滅繼絕，各舉所知； 四曰五調之外，一不煩人，任人之力，不過三日； 五曰臨人之官，皆須黜陟，以旌賞罰； 六曰逃亡代輸，去來年久者，若非伎作，任聽即住； 七曰邊兵逃走，或實陷沒，皆須精檢，三長及近親，若實隱之，征其代輸，不隱勿論； 八曰工商世業之戶，復征租調，無以堪濟，今請免之，使專其業； 九曰三長禁奸，不得隔越相領，戶不滿者，隨近併合； 十曰羽林武賁，邊方有事，暫可赴戰，常戍宜遣番兵代之。 靈太后下其奏，百僚議之，事有同否。
He submitted Imperial Instructions on Clan Regulation and Glosses, one scroll each, for the empress dowager's admonition. He memorialized ten items for state and people: first, laws, measures, and scales differ public and private and should be one; second, raise schools to clarify promotion and demotion; third, continue extinct lines, each recommending what he knows; fourth, beyond the five levies nothing should trouble the people; labor should not exceed three days; fifth, officials must be promoted or demoted to mark reward and punishment; sixth, fugitives paying substitute tax, if away years and not artisans, let them stay; seventh, fleeing frontier soldiers or those truly lost must be checked; if three chiefs and kin hide them, collect substitute tax—if not hidden, do not punish; eighth, artisan and merchant households again pay rent and cannot bear it—ask exemption so they keep their trades; ninth, three chiefs forbid crime and must not oversee across lines; short households merge with the nearest; tenth, armored guards—when the frontier has affairs they may fight for a time; regular garrison should send rotating troops. Empress Dowager Ling sent down his memorial; offices deliberated; some agreed, some not.
20
時四中郎將兵數寡弱，不足以襟帶京師。 澄奏宜以東中帶滎陽郡，南中帶魯陽郡，西中帶恆農郡，北中帶河內郡，選二品、三品親賢兼稱者居之。 省非急之作，配以強兵。 如此則深根固本，強幹弱枝之義也。 靈太后將從之，從議者不同，乃止。 尋以疾患，表求解任，不許。
The four central commanders' troops were few, insufficient to gird the capital. Cheng memorialized the eastern center hold Yingyang, southern Luoyang, western Hengnong, northern Henei, with worthy kin of second and third rank. Cut non-urgent work and attach strong troops. Thus deep roots and solid trunk—strengthen the trunk, weaken the branches. Empress Dowager Ling was about to follow; other views differed, and it stopped. Soon illness made him ask to resign; it was refused.
21
澄以北邊鎮將選舉彌輕，恐賊虜窺邊，山陵危迫，奏求重鎮將之選，修警備之嚴，詔不從。 後賊虜入寇，至於舊都，鎮將多非其人； 所在叛亂，犯逼山陵，如澄所慮。
Cheng feared frontier selection grew light, barbarians would spy the border and tombs be endangered, and asked to weight commanders and tighten guard—the edict did not follow. Later barbarians invaded to the old capital; commanders were mostly wrong men; rebellion rose everywhere, pressing the tombs, as Cheng had feared.
22
澄奏：「都城府寺猶未周悉，今軍旅初寧，無宜發眾，請取諸職人及司州郡縣犯十杖以上、百鞭以下收贖之物，絹一匹輸磚二百，以漸修造。」 詔從之。 太傅、清河王懌表駁其事，遂寢不行。
Cheng memorialized, "Capital offices are not complete; the army is newly quiet—do not mobilize the people; take from functionaries and Si Province criminals from ten blows to a hundred lashes who redeem: one bolt of silk equals two hundred bricks, to repair step by step. An edict followed. Grand Tutor Prince of Qinghe Yi memorialized to reject it; it slept and was not carried out.
23
澄又奏：「司州牧、高陽王臣雍拷殺奉朝請韓元昭、前門下錄事姚敬賢，雖因公事，理實未盡。 何者？ 若昭等狀彰，死罪以定，應刑於都市，與眾棄之。 如其疑似不分，情理未究，不宜以三清九流之官，杖下便死，輕絕人命，傷理敗法。 往年在州，於大市鞭殺五人，及檢賊狀，全無寸尺。 今復酷害，一至於此。 朝野云云，咸懷驚愕。 若生殺在下，虐專於臣，人君之權，安所復用？ 請以見事付廷尉推究，驗其為劫之狀，察其拷殺之理。」 詔從之。 澄當官無所回避。 又奏墾田授受之制八條，甚有綱貫。 西哉
Cheng again memorialized, "Inspector of Si Province Prince of Gaoyang Yong beat Court Attendant Han Yuanzhao and former Gate recorder Yao Jingxian to death—though public business, reason was not exhausted. How so? If Zhao and the rest's guilt was manifest, death was fixed—they should be executed in the market and abandoned with the crowd. If suspicion was not divided and reason not exhausted, officials of the three pure ranks and nine currents should not die under the staff at once, lightly cutting life and ruining law. Years past in the province he flogged five to death in the great market; checking the bandits' case, not an inch of truth. Now again cruel harm reaches this. Court and countryside murmur; all hold alarm. If life and death lie below and cruelty is monopolized by a subject, where is the ruler's power used? Ask that the present matter go to the Court of Justice, verifying robbery and examining beating to death. An edict followed. In office he avoided nothing. He memorialized eight articles on granting and receiving reclaimed land, very coherent. The West
24
嚈噠、波斯諸國，各因公使，並遺澄駿馬一匹。 澄請付太僕，以充國閑。 詔曰：「王廉貞之德，有過楚相，可敕付廄，以成君子大哉之美。」
Yezhada, Persia, and other states on embassy each sent Cheng one fine horse. Cheng asked they be given to the Imperial Stud for state herds. An edict said, "The king's integrity exceeds the Chu minister; order them to the stables to complete the gentleman's great beauty."
25
御史中尉、東平王匡奏請取景明元年以來內外考簿、吏部除書、中兵勳案並諸殿最，欲以案校竊階盜官之人。 靈太后許之。 澄表以為「御史之體，風聞是司。 至於昌勳妄階，皆有處別。 若一處有風謠，即應攝其一簿，研檢虛實。 若差殊不同，偽情自露，然後繩以典刑，人誰不服？ 豈有移一省之事，窮革世之尤，如此求過，誰堪其罪？ 斯實聖朝所宜重慎也。」 靈太后納之，乃止。 後遷司徒公，侍中、尚書令如故。
Censor-in-Chief Prince of Dongping Kuang asked registers from Jingming onward—examinations, appointments, merit records, grade rankings—to verify men who stole rank. Empress Dowager Ling permitted it. Cheng memorialized that "the censor's body is to hear wind and report. False merit and reckless rank each have their place. If in one place there is rumor, seize that register and investigate truth. If difference shows, fraud shows itself; then apply statutes—who will not submit? How move one ministry's affairs and exhaust a generation's faults—seeking fault thus, who bears the crime? This is what the sage court should heavily caution. Empress Dowager Ling accepted and stopped. Later he was minister of works; palace attendance and leading the Masters of Writing unchanged.
26
時太后銳于興繕，在京師則起永寧、太上公等佛寺，工費不少，外州各造五級佛圖。 又數為一切齋會，施物動至萬計。 百姓疲于土木之功，金銀之價為之踴上。 削奪百官祿力，費損庫藏。 兼曲賚左右，日有數千。 澄上表極言得失。 雖卒不從，常優答禮之。 政無大小，皆引參預。 澄亦盡心匡輔，事有不便於人者，必於諫諍，殷勤不已，內外咸敬憚之。
The empress dowager was keen on construction; in the capital she raised Yongning and other temples at great cost; outer provinces each built five-story pagodas. Again and again she held universal fasts; gifts reached tens of thousands. The people were worn by earth and wood; gold and silver prices leaped. Officials' salaries were stripped; the treasury drained. She also bent gifts to those at her side—several thousand a day. Cheng memorialized at length on gain and loss. Though not followed in the end, she always answered with courteous favor. Policy great and small drew his participation. Cheng gave his heart to support; what harmed the people he admonished again and again; inside and outside respected and feared him.
27
彝字子倫，繼室馮氏所生，頗有父風。 拜通直散騎常侍。 及元叉專權而彝恥於托附，故不得顯職。 莊帝初，河陰遇害。 贈儀同三司、青州刺史，諡曰文。
Yi, styled Zilun, born of stepmother Lady Feng, had much of his father's manner. He was made Unimpeded Cavalier Attendant-in-Ordinary. When Yuan Cha monopolized power Yi was ashamed to cling and did not win prominent office. At the start of Zhuang he was killed at Heyin. Posthumously given Equal in Honor to the Three Excellencies and inspector of Qingzhou; posthumous title Wen.
28
彝庶長兄順，字子和。 年九歲，師事樂安陳豐，初書王羲之《小學篇》數千言，晝夜誦之，旬有五日，一皆通徹。 豐奇之。 白澄曰：「豐十五從師，迄于白首，耳目所經，未見此比，江夏黃童不得無雙也。」 澄笑曰：「藍田生玉，何容不爾。」 十六通《杜氏春秋》，下帷讀書，篤志愛古。 性謇愕，淡于榮利，好飲酒，解鼓琴。 每長吟永歎，托詠虛室。 宣武時，上《魏道頌》，文多不載。 起家為給事中。 時高肇權重，天下人士望塵拜伏。 順曾懷刺詣肇門，門者以其年少，答云：「在坐大有貴客」。 不肯為通。 順叱之曰：「任城王兒可是賤也？」 及見，直往登床，捧手抗禮，王公先達莫不怪懾； 而順辭吐傲然，若無所睹。 肇謂眾賓曰：「此兒豪氣尚爾，況其父乎！」 及去，肇加敬送之。 澄聞之大怒，杖之數十。 後拜太常少卿，以父憂去職，哭泣歐血，身自負土。 時年二十五，便有白髮，免喪抽去，不復更生，世人以為孝思所致。
Yi's elder brother by a concubine, Shun, styled Zihe. At nine he took Chen Feng of Le'an; he copied Wang Xizhi's Elementary Primer, several thousand words, reciting day and night; in fifteen days he penetrated all. Feng marveled. He told Cheng, "From fifteen I followed teachers to white hair; never seen the like—Jiangxia's yellow boy cannot be without a pair. Cheng smiled, "Lantian produces jade—how could it not be so. At sixteen he mastered the Du clan Spring and Autumn; he lowered the curtain to read, loving antiquity. Blunt and startled by nature, indifferent to glory, fond of wine, skilled at zither. He often long-chanted and sighed, entrusting song to an empty room. Under Xuanwu he submitted the Wei Way Eulogy; much is not recorded. He began as Court Gentleman of the Imperial Clan. Gao Zhao held power; men bowed in the dust. Shun carried a calling card to Zhao's gate; the gatekeeper, seeing him young, said, "Inside sit many great guests." He would not announce him. Shun rebuked him, "Can the son of Prince of Rencheng be base? On meeting he went straight to the couch with equal courtesy; kings and dukes marveled; yet Shun's words were proud, as though he saw no one. Zhao told guests, "This boy's spirit is still so—how much more his father! When he left Zhao added respect and saw him off. Cheng heard and was greatly angry; he caned him tens of blows. Later junior master of rites; he left for his father's mourning, weeping until he vomited blood, carrying earth himself. At twenty-five he had white hair; when mourning ended he plucked it and it did not grow—the age thought filial thought.
29
尋除給事黃門侍郎。 時領軍元叉威勢尤盛，凡有遷授，莫不造門謝謁。 順拜表而已，曾不詣叉。 叉謂順曰：「卿何得聊不見我？」 順正色曰：「天子富於春秋，委政宗輔，叔父宜以至公為心，舉士報國。 如何賣恩，責人私謝，豈所望也！」 至於朝論得失，順常鯁言正議，曾不阿旨。 由此見憚，出除恆州刺史。 順謂叉曰：「北鎮紛紜，方為國梗，請假都督，為國屏捍。」 叉心疑難，不欲授以兵官，謂順曰：「此朝廷之事，非我所裁。」 順曰：「叔父既殺生由己，自言天曆應在我躬，何得復有朝廷？」 叉彌忿憚之。 轉齊州刺史。 順自負有才，不得居內，每懷鬱怏，形於言色。 遂縱酒自娛，不親政事。 叉解領軍，徵為給事黃門侍郎。 親友郊迎，賀其得入。 順曰：「不患不入，正恐入而復出耳。」 俄兼殿中尚書，轉侍中。 初，中山王熙起兵討元叉，不果而誅。 及靈太后反政，方得改葬。 順侍坐西遊園，因奏太后曰：「臣昨往看中山家葬，非唯宗親哀其冤酷，行路士庶見一家十喪，皆為青族旐，莫不酸泣。」 叉妻時在太后側，順指之曰：「陛下奈何以一妹之故，不伏元叉之罪，使天下懷冤？」 太后默然不語。
Soon he was made Attendant of the Yellow Gate. Commander of the Guards Yuan Cha's power was especially great; on transfer none failed to visit and pay court. Shun only submitted a memorial; he never called on Cha. Cha said, "How can you simply not see me? Shun said sternly, "The Son of Heaven is young and entrusts government to clan helpers; uncle should take fairness as heart and raise men for the state. How sell favor and demand private thanks—is that what is hoped? On court debate Shun often spoke straight and never bent. Therefore he was feared and sent out as inspector of Hengzhou. Shun told Cha, "Northern garrisons are in turmoil, the state's thorn—grant me overall command as screen. Cha suspected and did not wish to give a military post; he said, "This is the court's affair—not mine to decide. Shun said, "Uncle holds life and death and says the mandate should be on me—how can there still be a court? Cha grew angrier and feared him. Transferred to inspector of Qizhou. Confident in talent, he could not stay within and nursed resentment in face and speech. He drank for pleasure and did not mind government. Cha was removed from the guards; Shun was summoned as Attendant of the Yellow Gate. Kin met him at the suburbs, congratulating entry. Shun said, "I do not fear not entering—only fear entering and leaving again. Soon he held the Palace Directorate; transferred to palace attendant. Prince of Zhongshan Xi raised troops against Yuan Cha, failed, and was executed. When Empress Dowager Ling returned to government, burial could be changed. Shun sat in the Western Tour Garden and told the empress dowager, "Yesterday I viewed Prince of Zhongshan's burial—not only kin mourned; travelers seeing ten dead in one house wore green flags and wept. Cha's wife was at her side; Shun pointed. "How for one younger sister not subdue Yuan Cha and let the realm harbor injustice? The empress dowager was silent.
30
就德興于營州反，使尚書盧同往討之，大敗而還。 屬侍中穆紹與順侍坐，因論同之罪。 同先有近宅借紹，紹頗欲為言。 順勃然曰：「盧同終將無罪！」 太后曰：「何得如侍中之言？」 順曰：「同有好宅與要勢侍中，豈慮罪也？」 紹慚，不敢復言。
De Xing of Yingzhou rebelled; Lu Tong was sent to campaign and returned in great defeat. Palace Attendant Mu Shao sat with Shun; they discussed Tong's crime. Tong had borrowed a nearby residence from Shao; Shao wished to speak for him. Shun suddenly said, "Lu Tong in the end will be without crime! The empress dowager said, "How can it be as the attendant says? Shun said, "Tong gave a fine house to a powerful attendant—why worry about crime? Shao was ashamed and dared not speak.
31
靈太后頗事妝飾，數出遊幸，順面諍之曰：「禮，婦人喪夫，自稱未亡人，首去珠珥，衣不被采。 陛下母臨天下，年垂不惑，過修容飾，何以示後世？」 靈太后慚而還入，召順責之曰：「千里相征，豈欲眾中見辱也！」 順曰：「陛下盛服炫容，不畏天下所笑，何恥臣之一言乎！」
Empress Dowager Ling adorned herself and often toured; Shun remonstrated, "By rites a widow calls herself not-yet-dead, removes pearls, wears no colored dress. Your Majesty mothers the realm and nears forty—excessive adornment, how show later ages? She was ashamed and returned; she summoned Shun. "I summoned you a thousand li—did you wish to shame me before the crowd? Shun said, "Your Majesty dazzles the realm and does not fear laughter—why shame at one word of mine?"
32
初，城陽王徽慕順才名，偏相賞納。 而廣陽王深通徽妻于氏，大為嫌隙。 及深自定州被征，入為吏部尚書，兼中領軍，順為詔書，辭頗優美。 徽疑順為深左右，由是與徐紇間順于靈太后。 出順為護軍將軍、太常卿。 順奉辭於西遊園，徽、紇侍側。 順指謂靈太后曰：「此人魏之宰嚭，魏國不滅，終不死亡。」 紇協肩而出。 順因抗聲叱之曰：「一介刀筆小人，正堪為几案之吏，甯應忝茲執戟，虧我彝倫！」 遂振衣而起。 靈太后默而不言。 時追論順父顧托之功，增任城王彝邑二千戶，又析彝邑五百以封順為東阿縣公。 順疾徽等間之，遂為《蒼蠅賦》。 屬疾在家，杜絕慶吊。
Prince of Chengyang Hui admired Shun's talent and favored him. But Prince of Guangyang Shenthe cited text Hui's wife Lady Yu-a great rift opened. When Shen was summoned from Dingzhou as director of the Ministry of Personnel with central guards, Shun drafted the edict, wording beautiful. Hui suspected Shun was Shen's man; with Xu Chi he slandered Shun to the empress dowager. Shun was sent out as Grand General Who Protects the Army and grand master of rites. Shun took leave in the Western Tour Garden; Hui and Chi attended. Shun pointed and told her, "This man is Wei's Bo Pi—if Wei is not destroyed he will not die." Xu He hunched his shoulders and walked out. Shun shouted after him, "A brush-and-knife clerk, fit only for a desk—how dare he bear a halberd here and shame our kinship!" He flung his robe aside and stood. The Empress Dowager said nothing. The court was then reviewing Shun's father's merit in the imperial entrustment; Prince of Rencheng Yi received two thousand additional households, and five hundred of Yi's fief was carved out to make Shun Duke of Dong'a. Fearing Hui and the others were undermining him, Shun wrote "The Flies." Illness kept him at home; he refused all congratulations and condolences.
33
後除吏部尚書，兼右僕射，與城陽王徽同日拜職。 舍人鄭儼於止車門外先謁徽，後拜順。 順怒曰：「卿是佞人，當拜佞王。 我是直人，不受曲拜。」 儼深懷謝。 順曰：「卿是高門子弟，而為北宮幸臣，僕射李思沖尚與王洛誠同傳，以此度之，卿亦應繼其卷下。」 見者為之震動，而順安然自得。 及上省，登階向榻，見榻甚故，問都令史徐仵起。 仵起曰：「此榻曾經先王坐。」 順即哽塞，涕泗交流，久而不能言，遂令換之。
He was later made Director of the Masters of Writing and concurrent right vice director, taking office the same day as Prince of Chengyang Hui. Gentleman-in-Attendance Zheng Yan first paid court to Hui outside the Halting Carriage Gate, then bowed to Shun. Shun said in anger, "You are a flatterer—you should bow to a flatterer's prince. I am an upright man and will not accept a crooked bow. Yan apologized deeply. Shun said, "You are a son of a great house, yet a favorite of the Northern Palace; Vice Director Li Sichong still shares a scroll with Wang Luocheng—by that measure you belong on the next roll too. Onlookers were shaken; Shun remained perfectly at ease. Going up to the Secretariat and climbing toward the couch, he found it very old and asked the chief clerical officer Xu Wuqi. Wuqi said, "The late emperor once sat on this couch. Shun choked up; tears streamed; long he could not speak, and he ordered it replaced.
34
時三公曹令史硃暉素事錄尚書、高陽王雍，雍欲以為廷尉評，頻煩托順，順不為用。 雍遂下命用之，順投之於地。 雍聞之，大怒，昧爽坐都査，召尚書及丞郎畢集，欲待順至，於眾挫之。 順日高方至。 雍攘袂撫幾而言曰：「身天子之子，天子之弟，天子之叔，天子之相，四海之內，親尊莫二。 元順何人，以身成命投棄於地！」 順須鬢俱張，仰面看屋，憤氣奔湧，長歔而不言。 久之，搖一白羽扇，徐而謂雍曰：「高祖遷宅中土，創定九流，官方清濁，軌儀萬古。 而硃暉小人，身為省吏，何合為廷尉清官？ 殿下既先皇同氣，誠宜遵旨，自有恆規，而復逾之也？」 雍曰：「身為丞相、錄尚書，如何不得用一人為官？」 順曰：「庖人雖不理庖，屍祝不越樽俎而代之。 未聞有別旨令殿下參選事。」 順又厲聲曰：「殿下必如是，順當依事奏聞。」 雍遂笑而言曰：「豈可以硃暉小人，便相忿恨。」 遂起，呼順入室，與之極飲。 順之亢毅不撓，皆此類也。 後兼左僕射。
Zhu Hui, chief clerical officer of the Three Offices Cao, had long served Recording Director Prince of Gaoyang Yong; Yong wished to make him a Court of Justice reviewer and repeatedly pressed Shun, but Shun refused. Yong issued an order appointing him; Shun threw it to the floor. Yong was furious; at dawn he sat in the metropolitan review hall and summoned the director and all section chiefs, intending to humble Shun before them when he arrived. Shun arrived only when the sun stood high. Yong rolled up his sleeves, struck the table, and said, "I am the Son of Heaven's son, brother, uncle, and chief minister—within the four seas none stands higher. What sort of man is Yuan Shun, to throw my written order to the ground! Shun's beard bristled; he looked up at the rafters; rage surged; he sighed long and said nothing. After a long while he waved a white feather fan and said slowly to Yong, "The High Ancestor moved the capital to the central lands and fixed the nine ranks; grades were set clear and dark, a model for ten thousand ages. Yet Zhu Hui is a petty man, a Secretariat clerk—how is he fit for a clean post in the Court of Justice? Your Highness shares the late emperor's blood; you ought to follow the edict and keep to the constant rule—why overstep it again? Yong said, "As chief minister and recording director, how may I not appoint one man to office?" Shun said, "Though the cook does not manage the kitchen, the corpse-blesser does not step past the wine-vessel and stand in for him. I have not heard of any separate edict ordering Your Highness to participate in selections. Shun said sharply again, "If Your Highness insists, Shun will memorialize the matter to the throne." Yong laughed and said, "How can one grow angry over a petty man like Zhu Hui." He rose, called Shun into the inner room, and drank with him to the utmost. Shun's lofty firmness and refusal to bend were all of this kind. He was later made concurrent left vice director.
35
氽硃榮之奉莊帝，召百官悉至河陰。 素聞順數諫諍，惜其亮直，謂硃瑞曰：「可語元僕射，但在省，不須來。」 順不達其旨，聞害衣冠，遂便出走，為陵戶鮮于康奴所害。 家徒四壁，無物僉槠，止有書數千卷而已。 門下通事令史王才達裂裳覆之。 莊帝還宮，遣黃門侍郎山偉巡喻京邑。 偉臨順喪，悲慟無已。 既還，莊帝怪其聲散，偉以狀對。 莊帝敕侍中元祉曰：「宗室喪亡非一，不可周贍。 元僕射清苦之節，死乃益彰，特贈絹百匹，餘不得為例。」 贈尚書令、司徒公，諡曰文烈。
When Erzhu Rong received Emperor Zhuangdi, he summoned all the hundred officials to Heyin. He had long heard Shun often remonstrated; he prized his bright integrity and told Zhu Rui, "Tell Vice Director Yuan to stay at the Secretariat—he need not come. Shun did not grasp his meaning; hearing that the officials were to be harmed, he fled and was killed by tomb-guard Xianyu Kangnu. His house had bare walls and nothing to store—only several thousand volumes of books. Gentleman-in-Attendance Wang Caida tore his robe to cover him. When Emperor Zhuangdi returned to the palace, he sent Yellow Gate Attendant Shan Wei to tour the capital and announce the restoration. Wei came to Shun's mourning hall and wept without end. On his return the emperor wondered at his broken voice; Wei reported what he had seen. The emperor ordered Attendant-in-Ordinary Yuan Zhi, "The imperial clan has lost more than one man—it cannot all be compensated. Vice Director Yuan's integrity in poverty shines brighter in death; grant a special gift of a hundred bolts of silk—let no other case follow. He was posthumously made Director of the Masters of Writing and Duke of the Secretariat, posthumous title Wenlie.
36
初，帝在籓，順夢一段黑雲從西北直來，觸東南上日月俱破，復翳諸星，天地盡暗。 俄而雲消霧散，便有日出自西南隅，甚明淨，雲長樂王日。 尋見莊帝從閶闔門入，登太極殿，唱萬歲者三，百官咸加朝服謁帝，唯順集書省步廊西槐樹下，脫衣冠臥。 既寤，告元暉業曰：「吾昨夜夢，於我殊自不佳。」 說夢，因解之曰：「黑雲，氣之惡者，是北方之色，終當必有北敵，以亂京師，害二宮，殘毀百僚。 何者？ 日，君象也。 月，後象也。 眾星，百官象也。 以此言之，京邑其當禍乎？ 昔劉曜破晉室以為髑髏台，前途之事，得無此乎？ 雖然，彭城王勰有文德於天下，今夢其兒為天子，積德必報，此必然矣！ 但恨其得之不久。 所以然者，出自西南，以時易年，不過三載。 但恨我不見之。 何者？ 我夢臥槐樹下，槐字木傍鬼，身與鬼並，復解冠冕，此寧不死乎！ 然亡後乃得三公贈耳。」 皆如其夢。 順撰《帝錄》二十卷，詩賦表頌數十篇，並多亡失。
Earlier, while the emperor was still in his princedom, Shun dreamed a stretch of black cloud came straight from the northwest, struck the sun and moon in the southeast and broke them, veiled all the stars, and left heaven and earth wholly dark. Soon cloud and mist dispersed; the sun came out from the southwest corner, bright and clear—the cloud was long, the Prince of Changle's sun. Presently he saw Emperor Zhuangdi enter from Changhe Gate, ascend the Hall of Supreme Ultimate, and "ten thousand years" ring out three times; officials all donned court dress to attend, while Shun alone in the Secretariat's western corridor by the locust tree removed cap and robe and lay down. When he woke he told Yuan Huiye, "My dream last night was very bad for me. He told the dream and interpreted it: "Black cloud is ill qi, the color of the north—a northern enemy will surely disorder the capital, harm the two palaces, and ruin the hundred officials. How so? The sun is the image of the ruler. The moon is the image of the empress. The host of stars are the image of the hundred officials. By this reasoning, will not the capital suffer calamity? Formerly Liu Yao destroyed the Jin house and made a platform of skulls—will not what lies ahead be like this? Even so, Prince of Pengcheng Xie had civil virtue throughout the realm; now the dream shows his son as Son of Heaven—accumulated virtue must be rewarded; this is certain. I only regret he will not hold it long. The reason is he comes from the southwest; by season changing year, it will not exceed three years. I only regret I will not see it. How so? I dreamed I lay under a locust tree; locust has 'tree' beside 'ghost'—my person and a ghost together; again I removed cap and robe—will this not mean death? Yet after death I shall receive the three dukes' posthumous gift. All came about as in the dream. Shun compiled Records of Emperors in twenty scrolls and several tens of poems, rhapsodies, memorials, and eulogies—most are now lost.
37
長子朗，時年十七，枕戈潛伏積年，乃手刃康奴，以首祭順墓，然後詣闕請罪。 朝廷嘉而不問。 朗位司徒屬。 天平中，為奴所害，贈尚書右僕射。
His eldest son Lang, then seventeen, lay with a blade in hiding for years, then with his own hand cut down Kangnu and offered the head at Shun's tomb, then went to the palace gate to confess. The court praised him and did not punish him. Lang held the office of Secretariat Attendant. In the Tianping era he was killed by a slave and was posthumously made right vice director of the Masters of Writing.
38
順弟紀，字子綱，隨孝武入關中，位尚書左僕射、華山郡王。
Shun's younger brother Ji, courtesy name Zigang, followed Emperor Xiaowu into Guanzhong and held left vice director of the Masters of Writing and the title Prince of Huashan.
39
南安王楨，皇興二年封。 孝文時，累遷長安鎮都大將、雍州刺史。 楨性忠謹。 其母疾篤，憂毀異常，遂有白雉遊其庭前。 帝聞其致感，賜帛千匹以褒美之。 征赴講武，引見於皇信堂，戒之曰：「公孝行著於私庭，令問彰于邦國，既國之懿親，終無貧賤之慮。 所宜慎者略有三事：一者恃親驕矜，違禮僭度； 二者傲慢貪奢，不恤政事； 三者飲酒遊逸，不擇交友。 三者不去，患禍將生。」 而楨不能遵奉，後乃聚斂肆情。 孝文以楨孝養聞名內外，特加原恕，削除封爵，以庶人歸第，禁錮終身。
Prince of Nan'an Zhen was enfeoffed in the second year of Huangxing. Under Emperor Xiaowen he rose to Grand General of the Chang'an Garrison and Governor of Yong. Zhen was loyal and careful by nature. When his mother's illness grew grave, his grief and emaciation were extraordinary; then a white pheasant wandered in his courtyard. The emperor heard how he had moved heaven and earth and gave a thousand bolts of silk in praise. Summoned to lecture on military affairs and received in the Hall of Imperial Trust, he was admonished: "Your filial conduct shows at home and your fair name in the realm; as close kin of the state you will never know poverty. What you should beware of is roughly three things: first, relying on kinship, acting arrogant, violating ritual and overstepping measure; second, arrogance, greed, and luxury, not caring for government; third, drinking, roaming in pleasure, and not choosing whom you befriend. Cast off none of these three and disaster will be born. Zhen could not follow and obey; afterward he gathered wealth and indulged his desires. Emperor Xiaowen, because Zhen's filial nurture was famed within and without, especially pardoned him, stripped his enfeoffment, sent him home as a commoner, and confined him for life.
40
以議定遷都，復封南安王，為鎮北大將軍、相州刺史。 帝餞楨于華林都亭，詔並賦詩。 不能者，並可聽射，當使武士彎弓，文人下筆。 帝送楨下階，流涕而別。 太和二十年五月，至鄴。 上日，暴雨大風，凍死者數十人。 楨又以旱，祈雨於群神。 鄴城有石季龍廟，人奉祀之。 楨告神像云：「三日不雨，當加鞭罰。」 請雨不驗，遂鞭像一百。 是月，疽發背薨，諡曰惠。 及恆州刺史穆泰謀反，楨知而不告。 雖薨，猶追奪爵封，國除。
Because he took part in deciding the move of the capital, he was again enfeoffed Prince of Nan'an, made Grand General Who Pacifies the North and Governor of Xiang. The emperor saw Zhen off at the Hualin Metropolitan Pavilion and ordered all to compose poems. Those who could not might still shoot arrows—warriors would bend the bow, men of letters take up the brush. The emperor escorted Zhen down the steps, parting in tears. In the fifth month of the twentieth year of Taihe he reached Ye. On the day of the imperial birthday, violent wind and rain struck; several tens froze to death. Zhen again, because of drought, prayed for rain to the host of spirits. In Ye stood the temple of Shi Jilong; the people worshipped it. Zhen told the spirit-image, "If in three days there is no rain, I will add the whip's punishment. The prayer for rain failed; he whipped the image a hundred strokes. That month a carbuncle broke on his back and he died; posthumous title Hui. When Governor of Heng Mu Tai plotted rebellion, Zhen knew and did not report it. Though dead, his rank and fief were still stripped posthumously and the state abolished.
41
子英，性識聰敏，善騎射，解音律，微曉醫術。 孝文時，為梁州刺史。 帝南伐，為漢中別道都將。 後大駕臨鐘離，英以大駕親動，勢傾東南，漢中有可乘之會，表求追討，帝許之。 以功遷安南大將軍，賜爵廣武伯。
His son Ying was clever and keen by nature, skilled at riding and shooting, understood music, and knew a little medicine. Under Emperor Xiaowen he was Governor of Liang. When the emperor campaigned south he was separate-route commander-in-chief of Hanzhong. Later, when the great host reached Zhongli, Ying—seeing the emperor move in person, momentum tilt southeast, and Hanzhong open to exploit—memorialized asking to pursue and strike; the emperor approved. For merit he was promoted to Grand General Who Pacifies the South and enfeoffed Earl of Guangwu.
42
既而梁入寇肥梁，詔英率眾十萬討之，所在皆以便宜從事。 英表陳事機，乃擊破陰陵，斬梁將二十五人，及虜首五千餘級。 又頻破梁軍于梁城，斬其支將四十二人，殺獲及溺死者將五萬。 梁中軍大將軍臨川王蕭宏、尚書左僕射柳惔等大將五人沿淮東走。 凡收米四十萬石。 英追奔至馬頭，梁馬頭戍主委城遁走，遂圍鐘離。 詔以師行已久，命英為振旅之意。 英表：「期至二月將末，三月之初，理在必克。 但自此月一日已來，霖雨連並，可謂天違人願。 然王者行師，舉動不易，不可以少致暌淹，便生異議。 願聞朝廷，特開遠略，少復賜寬，假以日月，無使為山之功，中途而廢。」 及四月，水盛破橋，英及諸將狼狽奔退，士眾沒者十有五六。 英至揚州，遣使送節及衣冠、貂蟬、章綬，詔以付典。 有司奏英經算失圖，案劾處死。 詔恕死為百姓。
Soon afterward Liang invaded Feiliang; an edict ordered Ying to lead a hundred thousand men to attack; wherever he went he was to act as circumstances required. Ying memorialized the timing of events, broke Yinling, beheaded twenty-five Liang generals, and took more than five thousand heads. He again repeatedly defeated Liang armies at Liangcheng, beheading forty-two detached generals; killed, captured, and drowned came to nearly fifty thousand. Liang central-army grand general Prince of Linchuan Xiao Hong, left vice director Liu Yan, and five other great generals fled east along the Huai. In all they took four hundred thousand piculs of grain. Ying pursued to Matou; the Matou garrison commandant entrusted the city and fled; he then besieged Zhongli. An edict said the army had been out long and ordered Ying to withdraw the host. Ying memorialized, "The term runs to late second month and early third month; victory is sure by principle. But from the first of this month rain has joined day after day—heaven goes against men's wish. Yet when the king's army moves, its action is not easy to change; one must not, for a little delay, raise dissent. I wish the court would open a far-reaching plan, grant a little breadth, lend days and months, and not let the work of moving a mountain stop halfway. By the fourth month the water swelled and broke the bridge; Ying and the generals fled in disorder; one or two soldiers in ten drowned. Ying reached Yang Province and sent an envoy to deliver his tally, seals, sable tail, cicada insignia, and ribbon of rank; an edict ordered them handed to the keeper of regalia. The relevant offices memorialized that Ying's calculations failed and impeached him for death. An edict pardoned him from death and made him a commoner.
43
後京兆王愉反，復英王封，除使持節、假征東將軍、都督冀州諸軍事。 英未發而冀州已平。
Later when Prince of Jingzhao Yu rebelled, Ying's princely enfeoffment was restored; he was made bearer of the staff of authority, acting eastern campaign general, and commander-in-chief of Ji military affairs. Before Ying set out, Ji was already pacified.
44
時郢州中從事督榮祖潛引梁軍，以義陽應之，三關之戍並據城降梁。 郢州刺史婁悅嬰城自守。 縣瓠人白早生等殺豫州刺史司馬悅，據城南叛。 梁將齊苟兒率眾守縣瓠。 悅子尚華陽公主，並為所劫。 詔英使持節、都督南征諸軍事、假征南將軍，出自汝南。 帝以刑巒頻破早生，詔英南赴義陽。 英以眾少，累表請軍，帝不許。 而英輒與邢巒分兵共攻縣瓠，ＩＮ之，乃引軍而南。 既次義陽，將取三關。 英策之曰：「三關相須如左右手，若ＩＮ一關，而二關不待攻而定。 攻難不如易，東關易攻，宜須先取，即黃石公所謂戰如風發，攻如河決也。」 英恐其並力於東，乃使長史李華率五統向西關，分其兵勢，身督諸軍向東關。 果如英策。 凡禽其大將六人、支將二十人、卒七千、米四十萬石，軍資稱是。 還朝，除尚書僕射。 薨，贈司徒公，諡獻武王。
At the time Ying middle attendant Supervisor Rongzu secretly led Liang troops; Yiyang responded; garrisons of the Three Passes all held their cities and surrendered to Liang. Governor of Ying Lou Yue shut the city and held it. Men of Xianbi, Bai Zaosheng and others, killed Governor of Yu Sima Yue and held the south of the city in rebellion. Liang general Qi Gou'er led a host to hold Xianbi. Yue's son Shang had married Princess Huayang; both were seized as hostages. An edict made Ying bearer of the staff, commander-in-chief of southern campaign military affairs, and acting southern campaign general; he set out from Runan. The emperor, because Xing Luan had repeatedly defeated Zaosheng, ordered Ying south to Yiyang. Ying, his troops being few, repeatedly memorialized for reinforcements; the emperor did not permit. Yet Ying on his own authority joined Xing Luan in dividing troops to attack Xianbi, captured it, then led the army south. Having halted at Yiyang, he was about to take the Three Passes. Ying calculated, "The three passes depend on one another like left and right hands; capture one pass and the other two need not wait for attack to be settled. Hard attack is not as good as easy; the eastern pass is easy—you should first take it, as Huang Shigong said: battle like wind rising, attack like a river breaking its banks. Ying feared they would combine in the east; he sent Chief Clerk Li Hua with five detachments toward the western pass to divide their strength, while he directed the host toward the eastern pass. It was indeed as Ying had calculated. In all they captured six great generals, twenty detached generals, seven thousand soldiers, four hundred thousand piculs of grain, and military stores in full measure. On return to court he was made vice director of the Masters of Writing. He died; posthumously made duke of the Secretariat, posthumous title Xianwu.
45
英子熙，字真興，好學俊爽，有文才，聲著於世。 然輕躁浮動，英深慮非保家之主，常欲廢之，立第四子略。 略固請乃止。 累遷光祿勳。 時領軍於忠執政。 熙，忠之婿也，故歲中驟遷。 後授相州刺史。 熙以七月上，其日大風寒雨，凍死者二十餘人，驢馬數十匹。 熙聞其祖父前事，心惡之。 又有蛆生其庭。 初，熙兄弟並為清河王懌所昵，及劉騰、元叉隔絕二宮，矯詔殺懌，熙乃起兵討之。 熙起兵甫十日，為其長史柳元章、別駕游荊、魏郡太守李孝怡執熙置之高樓，並其子弟。 叉遣尚書左丞盧同斬之於鄴街，傳首京師。 始熙妃於氏知熙必敗，不從其謀，自初哭泣不絕，至於熙死。
Ying's son Xi, courtesy name Zhenxing, loved learning, was handsome and bright, had literary talent, and his fame resounded in the age. Yet he was frivolous and restless; Ying deeply feared he was not a man to preserve the house and often wished to depose him and establish the fourth son Lue. Lue firmly begged and only then did he stop. He was repeatedly promoted to director of the imperial household. At the time Commander of the Guards Yu Zhong held power. Xi was Zhong's son-in-law; therefore within the year he was suddenly promoted. He was later made governor of Xiang. Xi took office in the seventh month; that day great wind and cold rain struck; more than twenty froze to death, and several tens of donkeys and horses. Xi heard of his grandfather's earlier affair and hated it in his heart. Again maggots were born in his courtyard. Earlier, Xi and his brothers had all been favored by Prince of Qinghe Yi; when Liu Teng and Yuan Cha cut off the two palaces and forged an edict to kill Yi, Xi raised troops to punish them. Ten days after Xi raised troops, his chief clerk Liu Yuanzhang, vice director You Jing, and Wei commandery administrator Li Xiaoyi seized Xi and placed him in a high tower, together with his sons and younger brothers. Cha sent left assistant director Lu Tong to behead him in the streets of Ye and send the head to the capital. At first Xi's consort Lady Yu, knowing he would surely fail, did not follow his plans; from the first she wept without cease until his death.
46
熙既籓王，加有文學，風氣甚高。 始鎮鄴，知友才學之士袁翻、李琰之、李神俊、王誦兄弟、裴敬憲等咸餞于河梁，賦詩告別。 及將死，復與知故書，恨志意不遂。 時人矜之。 又，熙于任城王澄薨前，夢有人告之曰：「任城當死，死後二百日外，君亦不免。 若其不信，試看任城家。」 熙夢中顧瞻任城第舍，四面牆崩，無遺堵焉。 熙惡之，覺而以告所親。 及熙之死也，果如所夢。 熙兄弟三人，每從英征伐，在軍貪暴，或因迎降逐北，至有斬殺無辜，多增首級，以為功狀。 又于忠誣郭祚、裴植也，忠意未決害之，由熙勸獎，遂至極法，世以為冤。 及熙之禍，識者以為有報應焉。 靈太后反政，贈太尉公，諡曰文莊王。
Xi was a frontier prince and moreover had literary learning; his bearing was very high. When he first garrisoned Ye, learned friends Yuan Fan, Li Yanzhi, Li Shenjun, the Wang Song brothers, Pei Jingxian, and others all saw him off at the River Bridge and composed farewell poems. When he was about to die he again wrote to old acquaintances, regretting that his will was not fulfilled. Men of the time prized him. Also, before Prince of Rencheng Cheng died, Xi dreamed someone told him, "Rencheng is about to die; two hundred days after his death you too will not escape. If you do not believe it, try looking at Rencheng's house. In the dream Xi looked back at Rencheng's residence; walls on four sides collapsed; not one piece remained. Xi hated it; waking, he told those close to him. When Xi died it was indeed as in the dream. Xi's three brothers each followed Ying on campaign; in the army they were greedy and violent; sometimes in welcoming surrender and pursuing the routed they cut down the innocent and inflated head counts on the merit rolls. Again, when Yu Zhong slandered Guo Zuo and Pei Zhi, Zhong's mind had not yet settled on killing them; Xi urged and encouraged him until they reached the extreme penalty—men of the age considered it wrongful death. When Xi's calamity came, those who understood thought there was retribution. When the Empress Dowager restored the government, he was posthumously made grand duke of the Secretariat, posthumous title Prince Wenzhuang.
47
熙弟略，字亻雋興，位給事黃門侍郎。 熙敗，略潛行，自托舊識河內司馬始賓。 始賓便為荻筏，夜與略俱渡盟津，詣上黨屯留縣栗法光家。 法光素敦信義，忻而納之。 略舊識刁雙，時為西河太守，略復歸之。 停止經年，雙乃令從子昌送略潛遁江左。 梁武甚禮敬之，封中山王，宣城太守。 俄而徐州刺史元法僧據城南叛，梁乃以略為大都督，令詣彭城接誘初附。 尋征略與法僧同還。 略雖在江南，自以家禍，晨夜哭泣，身若居喪。 又惡法僧為人，與法僧言，未嘗一笑。
Xi's younger brother Lue, courtesy name Juanxing, held the office of gentleman attendant of the yellow gate. When Xi failed, Lue fled in secret and entrusted himself to an old acquaintance, interior minister of Henei Sima Shibin. Shibin made a reed raft; at night he and Lue crossed the Meng Ford and went to Li Faguang's house in Tunliu, Shangdang. Faguang honored faith and righteousness by nature; he rejoiced and received him. Lue's old acquaintance Diao Shuang was then governor of Xihe; Lue went to him again. He stayed more than a year; Shuang then had his nephew Chang escort Lue to slip away south of the Yangtze. Emperor Wu of Liang treated him with great courtesy, enfeoffed him Prince of Zhongshan, and made him governor of Xuancheng. Soon afterward Governor of Xuzhou Yuan Faseng held the south of the city in rebellion; Liang made Lue grand commander-in-chief and ordered him to Pengcheng to receive the newly submitting. Presently Lue was summoned back together with Faseng. Though Lue was in Jiangnan, because of his family's calamity he wept morning and night; his person was as if in mourning. He also hated Faseng's person; speaking with Faseng he never once smiled.
48
梁復除略衡州刺史，未行。 會其豫章王綜以城歸國，綜長史江革、司馬祖暼恆、將士五千人，悉見禽虜。 明帝敕有司悉遣革等還南，因以征略，梁乃備禮遣之。 明帝詔光祿大夫刁雙境首勞問，除略侍中、義陽王。 還達石人驛亭，詔宗室親黨、內外百官先相識者，迎之近郊。 其司馬始賓除給事中，領直侯，栗法光本縣令，刁昌東平太守，刁雙西兗州刺史。 略所經一食一宿處，無不沾賞。
Liang again made him governor of Heng; he did not go. It happened that his Prince of Yuzhang Zong returned to the state with the city; Zong's chief clerk Jiang Ge, marshal Zu Huanheng, and five thousand soldiers were all taken captive. Emperor Ming ordered the relevant offices to send Ge and the rest back south; thereby they summoned Lue, and Liang sent him off with full ceremony. Emperor Ming ordered Director of the Imperial Household Diao Shuang to meet and comfort him at the border; he made Lue attendant-in-ordinary and Prince of Yiyang. On reaching Shiren Post Pavilion, an edict ordered imperial kinsmen and inside and outside officials who knew him to welcome him in the near suburbs. His marshal Shibin was made gentleman-in-attendance and chief gentleman of the direct attendance; Li Faguang magistrate of his native county; Diao Chang administrator of Dongping; Diao Shuang governor of Western Yan. Every place where Lue ate one meal or lodged one night was rewarded.
49
尋改封東平王，後為尚書令。 靈太后甚寵任之，其見委信，殆與元徽相埒。 于時天下多事，軍國萬端。 略守常自保，無他裨益，唯具臣而已。 爾硃滎，略之姑夫，略素所輕忽。 略又党于鄭儼、徐紇，榮兼銜之。 榮入洛也，見害于河陰。 加贈太保、司空公，諡曰文貞。
Soon he was changed to Prince of Dongping; later he was made director of the Masters of Writing. The Empress Dowager greatly favored and trusted him; the trust shown him nearly equaled Yuan Hui's. At the time the realm had many affairs; military and civil matters were myriad. Lue kept to constancy and preserved himself; he had no other benefit—only a compliant minister. Erzhu Rong was Lue's uncle by marriage; Lue had always looked down on him lightly. Lue again sided with Zheng Yan and Xu He; Rong harbored resentment on both counts. When Rong entered Luoyang, Lue was killed at Heyin. He was posthumously made grand guardian and duke of works, posthumous title Wenzhen.
50
英弟怡，位鄯善鎮將。 在鎮貪暴，為有司所糾，逃免，卒。 莊帝初，以爾硃榮婦兄，贈太尉、扶風王。 子肅，封魯郡王。
Ying's younger brother Yi held the office of general of the Shanshan garrison. In the garrison he was greedy and violent; the relevant offices impeached him; he fled, escaped punishment, and died. At the beginning of Emperor Zhuangdi's reign, because he was Erzhu Rong's wife's elder brother, he was posthumously made grand duke of the Secretariat and Prince of Fufeng. His son Su was enfeoffed Prince of Lu.
51
肅弟曄，字華興，小字盆子。 性輕躁，有膂力。 莊帝初，封長廣王。 爾硃榮死，世隆等推曄為主，年號建明。 尋為世隆廢。 節閔立，封為東海王。 孝武初，被殺。
Su's younger brother Ye, courtesy name Huaxing, childhood name Penzi. By nature he was frivolous and restless and had physical strength. At the beginning of Emperor Zhuangdi's reign he was enfeoffed Prince of Changgang. When Erzhu Rong died, Shilong and the others set up Ye as ruler; the era name was Jianming. Presently Shilong deposed him. When Emperor Jiemin was established, he was enfeoffed Prince of Donghai. At the beginning of Emperor Xiaowu's reign he was killed.
52
城陽王長壽，皇興二年封，位沃野鎮都大將，甚有威名。 薨，諡康王。 子鸞襲。
Prince of Chengyang Changshou was enfeoffed in the second year of Huangxing and held grand general of the Woye garrison; he had a very great reputation for martial prowess. He died; posthumous title Kang. His son Luan inherited.
53
鸞字宣明，身長八尺，腰帶十圍。 以武藝稱，頻為北都大將。 孝文初，除使持節、征南大將軍。 與安南將軍盧陽烏、李佐攻赭陽不克，敗退，降為定襄縣王。 後以留守功，還復本封。 宣武時，為定州刺史。 鸞愛樂佛道，繕起佛寺，勸率百姓，大為土木之勞，公私費擾，頗為人患。 宣武聞之，詔奪祿一周。 薨，諡懷王。
Luan, courtesy name Xuanming, stood eight chi; his belt measured ten arm-spans around. He was famed for martial arts and repeatedly served as grand general of the northern capital. At the beginning of Emperor Xiaowen's reign he was made bearer of the staff and southern campaign grand general. With Grand General Who Pacifies the South Lu Yangwu and Li Zuo he attacked Zhiyang but could not take it; defeated, they withdrew; he was reduced to Prince of Dingxiang County. Later, for merit in holding the rear, he was restored to his original enfeoffment. Under Emperor Xuanwu he was governor of Ding. Luan loved Buddha's Way; he repaired temples, urged and led the people, and greatly labored them with earth and timber; public and private were troubled and he was much a nuisance. When Emperor Xuanwu heard of it, an edict stripped his salary for one cycle. He died; posthumous title Huai.
54
子徽，字顯順，粗涉文史，頗有吏才。 宣武時，襲封，為河內太守。 在郡清整，有時譽。 明帝時，為并州刺史。 先是，州界夏霜，安業者少，徽輒開倉振之，文武咸共諫止。 徽曰：「昔汲長孺郡守耳，尚輒開倉，救人災弊。 況我皇家親近，受委大籓，豈可拘法而不救人困也？」 先給後奏。 明帝嘉之，加安北將軍。 汾州山胡舊多劫掠，自徽為郡，群胡自相戒，勿得侵擾鄰州。 汾、肆之人多來詣徽投訴，願得口判。 除秦州刺史，還都，吏人泣涕攀車，不能自已。 徽車馬羸弊，皆京來舊物，見者莫不歎其清儉。
His son Hui, courtesy name Xianshun, had slight knowledge of literature and history and considerable talent for administration. Under Emperor Xuanwu he inherited the enfeoffment and was administrator of Henei. In the commandery he was clear and orderly and had a reputation in the age. Under Emperor Ming he was governor of Bing. Earlier, within the province summer frost had fallen; those secure in livelihood were few; Hui at once opened the granaries to relieve them; civil and military officials all remonstrated and stopped him. Hui said, "Formerly Ji Changru, though only a commandery administrator, still opened the granary to save men from disaster. How much more I, close kin of the house, entrusted with a great frontier—how can I cling to the law and not save men in distress? He gave out first and memorialized afterward. Emperor Ming praised him and added the title General Who Pacifies the North. The mountain Hu of Fen had long plundered heavily; from the time Hui governed the province the Hu groups warned one another not to disturb neighboring provinces. Men of Fen and Si came in great numbers to lodge complaints with Hui, wishing to obtain his oral judgment. He was made governor of Qin; on returning to the capital, officials and people wept, clinging to his carriage, unable to stop themselves. Hui's carriage and horses were worn and thin—all old things from the capital; onlookers sighed at his integrity and frugality.
55
改授度支尚書，兼吏部尚書，尋為正。 徽以選舉法期在得人，限以停年，有乖舊體。 但行之日久，難以頓革，以德同者盡年，勞等者進德，于時稱為中平。 除侍中，餘官如故。 徽表乞守一官。 天下士子莫不歎息，咸曰：「城陽離選，貧者復何所希！」 怨嗟之聲，俄然上徹。 還令兼吏部尚書。 累遷尚書令。
He was transferred to director of revenue and concurrent director of the Masters of Writing; soon he was made regular director. Hui held that the law of selection aimed at obtaining the right men; limiting by years of service departed from the old body. But it had been practiced long and was hard to change at once; those equal in virtue received full years, those equal in merit advanced in virtue—men of the time called this middling fairness. He was made attendant-in-ordinary; the rest of his offices remained as before. Hui memorialized asking to hold only one office. Scholars throughout the realm sighed and said, "Chengyang leaves selection—what may the poor still hope for! The sound of complaint and lament soon reached the heights. He was ordered back to hold concurrent director of the Masters of Writing. He was repeatedly promoted to director of the Masters of Writing.
56
時靈太后專制，朝綱頹褫，徽既居寵任，無所匡弼。 與鄭儼之徒，更相阿黨。 外似柔謹，內多猜忌，睚眥之忿，必思報復，識者疾之。 又不能防閑其妻于氏，遂與廣陽王深奸通。 及深受任軍府，每有表啟，論徽罪過，雖涉誣毀，頗亦實焉。
At the time the Empress Dowager held sole power; court discipline was in ruins; though Hui occupied a favored post, he offered no correction. With Zheng Yan and his sort he mutually formed factions. Outwardly he seemed gentle and careful; inwardly he was full of suspicion; the smallest grudge he was sure to repay—those who understood detested him. He also could not restrain his wife Lady Yu; she then had illicit relations with Prince of Guangyang Shen. When Shen received command of the military government, in every memorial he discussed Hui's faults; though it involved slander, much was also true.
57
莊帝踐阼，拜司州牧。 尋除司徒，仍領牧。 元顥之入洛，徽從莊帝北巡。 及車駕還宮，以與謀之功，除侍中、大司馬、太尉公，加羽葆鼓吹，增邑通前二萬戶。 徽表辭官封，前後屢上。 徽為莊帝親待，內懼爾硃榮等，故有此辭。 莊帝識其意，聽其辭封，不許讓官。 徽後妻，莊帝舅女。 侍中李彧，帝之姊婿。 徽性佞媚，善自取容，挾內外之意，宗室親寵，莫與比焉。 遂與彧等勸帝圖榮。 莊帝亦先有意。 榮死，世隆等屯據不解。 除徽太保，仍大司馬、宗師、錄尚書事，總統內外。 徽本意謂榮死後枝葉散亡。 及爾硃宗族聚結謀難，徽算略無出，憂怖而已。 性多嫉妒，不欲人居其前。 每入參謀議，獨與帝決。 朝臣有上軍國籌策者，並勸帝不納。 乃云：「小賊何慮不除？」 又惜財用，于時有所賞錫，咸出薄少，或多而中減，與而復追。 莊帝雅自約狹，尤亦徽所贊成。 太府少卿李苗，徽司徒時司馬也，徽待之頗厚。 苗每致忠言，徽多不採納。 苗謂人曰：「城陽本自蜂目，而豺聲復將露也。」 及爾硃兆之入，禁衛奔散，莊帝步出雲龍門，徽乘馬奔度，帝頻呼之，徽不顧而去。 遂走山南，至故吏寇彌宅。 彌外雖容納，內不自安，乃怖徽云：「官捕將至。」 令其避他所，使人于路邀害，送屍於爾硃兆。 孝武初，贈使持節、侍中、太師、錄尚書事、司州牧，諡曰文獻。 子延襲爵。 齊受禪，例降。
When Emperor Zhuangdi ascended the throne, Hui was made governor of Si. Presently he was made duke of the Secretariat, still holding the governorship. When Yuan Hao entered Luoyang, Hui followed Emperor Zhuangdi on the northern tour. When the imperial carriage returned to the palace, for merit in the plot he was made attendant-in-ordinary, grand marshal, and grand duke of the Secretariat, with plumed canopy and war drums, fief increased to twenty thousand households in all. Hui memorialized declining office and enfeoffment repeatedly. Hui was personally favored by Emperor Zhuangdi; inwardly he feared Erzhu Rong and the others; therefore he declined. The emperor understood his meaning; he permitted decline of enfeoffment but not of office. Hui's later wife was the emperor's maternal uncle's daughter. Attendant-in-Ordinary Li Yu was the emperor's elder sister's husband. Hui by nature was fawning and ingratiating, skilled at winning favor; he relied on inside and outside connections—among the imperial clan none was more favored. Thereupon with Yu and the others he urged the emperor to plot against Rong. Emperor Zhuangdi too had long had the intention. When Rong died, Shilong and the others held their troops and would not disband. Hui was made grand guardian, still grand marshal, grand preceptor, and recording director, presiding over inside and outside affairs. Hui's original expectation was that after Rong's death the branches would scatter. When the Erzhu clan gathered and plotted trouble, Hui's stratagems had no outcome; he was only fearful. By nature he was very jealous and did not wish others to stand before him. Whenever he entered to discuss strategy he alone decided with the emperor. If court officials memorialized military and state plans, he urged the emperor not to accept. He would say, "What worry is there that small bandits cannot be eliminated? He was also stingy with wealth; whenever there were rewards they were thin and few, or if many they were cut down midway, given and then pursued for return. Emperor Zhuangdi by nature was narrow and sparing; Hui especially approved and shaped this. Junior Director of the Imperial Treasury Li Miao, when Hui was duke of the Secretariat, had been his marshal; Hui treated him generously. Miao often offered loyal words; Hui mostly did not adopt them. Miao told others, "Chengyang by nature has the eyes of a wasp, and now the voice of a jackal will also show. When Erzhu Zhao entered, palace guards scattered; Emperor Zhuangdi walked out the Cloud Dragon Gate; Hui mounted and fled across; the emperor repeatedly called; Hui did not look back. He fled to the south of the mountains, to the house of his former subordinate Kou Mi. Mi outwardly received him but inwardly was uneasy; he frightened Hui, saying, "Official arrest is about to arrive. He ordered him to another place; he had men lie in wait on the road and kill him, then sent the corpse to Erzhu Zhao. At the beginning of Emperor Xiaowu's reign he was posthumously made bearer of the staff, attendant-in-ordinary, grand preceptor, recording director, and governor of Si, posthumous title Wenxian. His son Yan inherited the title. When Qi received the mandate, by precedent the rank was reduced.
58
章武王太洛，皇興二年薨，追贈征北大將軍、章武郡王，諡曰敬。 無子。 孝文初，以南安惠王第二子彬為後。
Prince of Zhangwu Tailuo died in the second year of Huangxing; posthumously made northern campaign grand general and Prince of Zhangwu, posthumous title Jing. He had no son. At the beginning of Emperor Xiaowen, the second son of Prince of Nan'an Hui, Bin, was made his heir.
59
彬字豹兒，勇健有將用。 為夏州刺史，以貪婪削封。 後除汾州刺史。 胡六百餘人保險謀反。 彬請兵二萬，帝大怒曰：「必須大眾者，則先斬刺史，然後發兵！」 彬奉詔大懼，身先將士，討胡平之。 卒，贈散騎常侍。
Bin, courtesy name Bao'er, was brave and strong and had the talent of a general. He was governor of Xia; for greed his enfeoffment was stripped. He was later made governor of Fen. More than six hundred Hu held difficult terrain and plotted rebellion. Bin asked for twenty thousand troops; the emperor was greatly angered and said, "If a great host is truly needed, first behead the governor, then raise the army! Bin received the edict in great fear; he himself led the soldiers first and pacified the Hu. He died; posthumously made regular attendant of the scattered cavalry.
60
子融，字永興，儀貌壯麗，性通率有豪氣。 宣武初，復先爵，累遷河南尹。 融性尤貪欲，恣情聚斂，為中尉糾彈，削除官爵。 汾、夏山胡叛逆，連結正平、平陽。 詔復融前封，征東將軍、持節、都督以討之。 融寡于經略，為胡所敗。 後賊帥鮮于修禮寇暴瀛、定二州，長孫承業等討之失利。 除融車騎將軍，為前驅左軍都督，與廣陽王深等共討修禮。 師度交津，葛榮殺修禮而自立，轉營至白牛邏，輕騎擊融，於陣見殺。 贈司空公。 尋以融死王事，進贈司徒公，加前後部鼓吹，諡莊武。 子景哲襲。 景哲弟朗，即廢帝也。
His son Rong, courtesy name Yongxing, had a magnificent appearance and by nature was open and direct with heroic spirit. At the beginning of Emperor Xuanwu his former title was restored; he rose to governor of Henan. Rong was especially greedy; he indulged in gathering wealth and was impeached by the chief commandant; office and rank were stripped. The mountain Hu of Fen and Xia rebelled, linking Zhengping and Pingyang. An edict restored Rong's former enfeoffment; he was made eastern campaign general, bearer of the staff, and commander-in-chief to attack them. Rong was weak in strategy and was defeated by the Hu. Later the bandit chief Xianyu Xiuli raided Ying and Ding; Zhangsun Chengye and others campaigned against him and failed. Rong was made general of the imperial chariots and vanguard left-army commander-in-chief; with Prince of Guangyang Shen and others he jointly attacked Xiuli. The army crossed the Jiao Ford; Ge Rong killed Xiuli and set himself up; he shifted camp to Bainiu Ford; light cavalry struck Rong and killed him in the formation. Posthumously made duke of works. Presently because Rong died in the prince's service, he was advanced posthumously to duke of the Secretariat with front and rear war drums added, posthumous title Zhuangwu. His son Jingzhe inherited. Jingzhe's younger brother Lang was the deposed emperor.
61
樂陵王胡兒，和平四年薨，追封樂陵王，諡曰康。 無子。 獻文詔胡兒兄汝陰王天賜之第二子永全後之。 襲封後，改名思譽。 孝文時，為鎮北大將軍。 穆泰陰謀不軌，思譽知而不告，削封為庶人。 太和末，復王封。 薨，諡密王。 子景略襲，位豳州刺史。 薨，諡惠王。
Prince of Leling Hu'er died in the fourth year of Heping; posthumously enfeoffed Prince of Leling, posthumous title Kang. He had no son. Emperor Xianwen ordered the second son of Hu'er's elder brother Prince of Ruyin Tiansi, Yongquan, to succeed him. After inheriting the enfeoffment he changed his name to Siyu. Under Emperor Xiaowen he was Grand General Who Pacifies the North. Mu Tai secretly plotted disloyalty; Siyu knew and did not report it; his enfeoffment was stripped and he was made a commoner. At the end of Taihe his princely enfeoffment was restored. He died and was posthumously titled Prince Mi. His son Jinglüe succeeded and served as governor of Binzhou. He died and was posthumously titled Prince Hui.
62
安定王休，皇興二年封。 少聰敏。 為外都大官，斷獄有稱。 車駕南伐，領大司馬。 孝文親行諸軍，遇休以三盜人徇六軍，將斬之，有詔赦之。 休執曰：「不斬何以息盜？」 詔曰：「王者之體，亦時有非常之澤，雖違軍法，可特原之。」 休乃奉詔。 帝謂司徒馮誕曰：「大司馬嚴而執法，諸軍不可不慎。」 於是六軍肅然。 定都洛邑，休從駕幸鄴，命休率從駕文武迎家于平城，帝親餞休于漳水之北。 十八年，休寢疾，帝幸其第，流涕問疾，中使醫藥相望于路。 及薨至殯，車駕三臨。 帝至其門，改服錫衰，素弁加絰。 皇太子百官皆從行吊禮。 諡曰靖王。 詔贈假黃鉞，加羽葆鼓吹，悉准三老尉元之儀。 帝親送出郭，慟哭而返。 諸王恩禮莫比。 宣武世，配饗廟庭。
Prince of Anding Xiu was enfeoffed in Huangxing 2. As a youth he was clever and quick. As Grand Judge of the Outer Capital he won fame for judging cases. When the court campaigned south, he headed the Grand Marshal's office. Emperor Xiaowen reviewed the armies in person and found Xiu parading three thieves before the six armies to behead them; an edict pardoned the men. Xiu held fast and said, "If they are not beheaded, how will theft be stilled? The edict answered, "A king may show extraordinary grace; though this breaks military law, spare them." Xiu then obeyed the edict. The emperor told Minister of Education Feng Dan, "The Grand Marshal is stern in law—the armies must take care. Thereupon the six armies stood in awe. When the capital moved to Luoyang, Xiu followed the court to Ye, led the following officials to fetch their families from Pingcheng, and was seen off by the emperor north of the Zhang River. In the eighteenth year Xiu fell ill; the emperor visited his house in tears, and envoys with physicians crowded the road. From his death until the encoffining the emperor visited three times. The emperor came to his gate, changed into coarse hemp mourning dress, plain cap with headband. The crown prince and all officials followed in the mourning rites. His posthumous name was Prince Jing. An edict granted him posthumously the golden axe, feathered canopy, and martial pipes, all matching Elder of State Wei Yuan. The emperor escorted him beyond the wall and returned weeping. No other prince was honored with such rites. Under Emperor Xuanwu he received sacrifice in the ancestral temple.
63
子超，字化生，襲。 時以胡國珍封安定公，改封北平王，後復本封。 爾硃榮入洛，避難見害。
His son Chao, courtesy Huasheng, succeeded. At the time Hu Guozhen held Duke of Anding; Chao was shifted to Prince of Beiping, then restored to Anding. When Erzhu Rong entered Luoyang, he was killed while seeking refuge.
64
景山字寶嶽，少有器局，幹略過人。 周景帝時，以軍功累遷開府儀同三司。 從武帝平齊，以功拜大將軍、平原郡公、亳州總管。 法令明肅，賊盜屏跡，部內大清。 徵為候正。 宣帝嗣位，從上柱國韋孝寬經略淮南。 鄖州總管宇文亮反，以輕兵襲孝寬。 寬為亮所薄，景山擊破之。 以功拜亳州總管。
Jingshan, courtesy Baoyue, had capacity and vision in youth and ability beyond most men. Under Emperor Jing of Zhou he rose by military merit to Commissioner with the Golden Seal, equal to the Three Excellencies. Following Emperor Wu in pacifying Qi, he was made Grand General, Duke of Pingyuan, and Commander of Bozhou. His laws were clear and stern, bandits vanished, and his district grew quiet. He was summoned to be Director of Attendants. When Emperor Xuan succeeded, he followed Senior Pillar of State Wei Xiaokuan in planning for Huainan. Commander of Yunzhou Yuwen Liang rebelled and struck Xiaokuan with light troops. Xiaokuan was hard pressed; Jingshan struck and broke Liang. For merit he was again made Commander of Bozhou.
65
隋文帝為丞相，尉遲迥作亂。 榮州刺史宇文胄與迥通謀，陰以書諷景山。 景山執使，封書詣相府，進位上大將軍。 以軍功，遷安州總管，進柱國。 隋文帝受禪，拜上柱國。 明年，大舉伐陳，以景山為行軍元帥，出漢口。 將濟江，會陳宣帝殂，有詔班師。 景山大著威名，甚為敵人所憚。 後數載，坐事免。 卒于家，贈梁州總管，諡曰襄。 子成壽嗣。
When Emperor Wen of Sui was chief minister, Yuchi Jiong rose in rebellion. Governor of Rongzhou Yuwen Zhou conspired with Jiong and secretly urged Jingshan by letter. Jingshan seized the envoy, sealed the letter, and sent it to the chief minister's office, and was advanced to Grand General Supreme. For military merit he was made Commander of Anzhou and advanced to Pillar of State. When Emperor Wen of Sui received the throne, he was made Senior Pillar of State. The next year, in the great campaign against Chen, Jingshan was commander-in-chief and marched from Hankou. About to cross the Yangzi, he learned that Emperor Xuan of Chen had died; an edict ordered withdrawal. Jingshan's fame was so great that enemies deeply feared him. Several years later he was dismissed for an offense. He died at home and was posthumously made Commander of Liangzhou, posthumous name Xiang. His son Chengshou succeeded.
66
成壽便弓馬，為秦王庫直。 大業中，為西平郡通守。
Chengshou was skilled with bow and horse and served as armory attendant to the Prince of Qin. In the Daye era he was Commandant of Xiping commandery.
67
燮弟願平，清狂無行。 宣武初，為給事中，悖惡日甚，殺人劫盜，公私咸患。 帝以戚近，不忍致之法； 免官，禁之別館。 館名悉思堂，冀其克念。 帝崩，乃得出。 靈太后臨朝，以其不悛，還於別館，依前禁錮。 久之，離禁還家，付宗師嚴加誨獎。 後拜通直散騎常侍、前將軍。 坐裸其妻王氏于其男女前，又強姦妻妹于妻母之側，御史中尉侯剛案以不道，處絞刑。 會赦免，黜為員外常侍。 卒。
Xie's younger brother Yuanping was wild and unrestrained. At the start of Emperor Xuanwu's reign he was made Supervising Attendant; his depravity grew daily in murder and robbery until all suffered. Because he was close kin, the emperor could not bear to punish him by law; he was removed from office and confined in a separate lodge. The lodge was named Hall of Complete Reflection, in hope he would restrain his thoughts. When the emperor died, he was allowed out. When Empress Dowager Ling held court, because he would not reform, he was returned to the lodge and confined as before. After long confinement he was released home and handed to the Imperial Clan Director for strict guidance. Later he was made Regular Attendant of Scattered Cavalry on the Direct Path and Forward General. For stripping his wife Lady Wang before their children and raping her sister before her mother, Chief Commandant Hou Gang judged unnatural conduct and sentenced him to strangulation. An amnesty spared him; he was demoted to Regular Attendant Outside the Sequence. He died.
68
論曰：陽平諸子，頤乃忠壯。 京兆之胤，忄妻實有聲。 匡之謇直，有足稱矣！ 當獻文將禪，可謂國之大節。 康王毅然廷諍，德音孔昭，一言興邦，斯之謂歟！ 文宣貞固俊遠，郁為宗傑，身用累朝。 寧濟夷險，社稷是任，其梁棟之望乎！ 順蹇諤俶儻，有汲黯之風，不用於時，橫招非命，惜矣！ 嵩有行陣之氣，俊乃裂冠之徒。 南安原始要終，善不掩惡。 英將帥之用，著聲于時。 熙、略兄弟，早播人譽，或才疏志大，或器狹任廣。 咸不能就其功名，俱至非命，惜也！ 康王不永，鸞起家聲。 徽飾智矯情，外諂內忌，永安之禍，誰任其責？ 宛其死也，固其宜哉！ 章武、樂陵，蓋不足數。 靖王聽斷威重，見稱於太和，美矣！
The appraisal says: Among the sons of Yangping, Yi alone was loyal and stalwart. Of the Jingzhao line, Xun truly had a name. Kuang's blunt uprightness is well worth praise! When Emperor Xianwen was about to abdicate, it was the great test of the state's integrity. Prince Kang remonstrated firmly in court; his virtuous words shone—one sentence raised the state; is this not the thing? Wenxuan was upright, firm, lofty, and far-seeing, a luxuriant hero of the clan who served many reigns in person. Calm in ease and danger alike, he bore the altars of state—the very hope of beam and pillar. Shun was blunt in remonstrance and free in spirit, with the air of Ji An; unused in his time, he met violent death by chance—a pity! Song had the spirit of the battle line; Jun was a man who tore the cap. Nan'an traced beginning and end; good did not cover evil. Ying's use as commander made a name in his time. The brothers Xi and Lüe won early praise; one had talent but aims too large, one narrow in capacity yet given wide charge. None could finish their fame; all met untimely death—a pity! Prince Kang was not long-lived; Luan raised the family's name. Hui adorned his wit and bent his feelings, fawning outside while jealous within—the disaster of Yong'an: who bore the blame? When he died, it was surely fitting! Zhangwu and Leling scarcely count. Prince Jing judged decisively and bore stern authority, praised in the Taihe era—beautiful!