Volume 49 Biographies 37: Zhu rui, Chilie Yanqing, Hu Sichun, Jia Xiandu, Fan Zihu, Hou Shen, He Bayun, Houmo Chenyue, Nian Xian, Liang Lan, Lei Shao, Mao Xia, Yi Fulang

朱瑞叱列延慶斛斯椿賈顯度樊子鵠侯深賀拔允侯莫陳悅念賢梁覽雷紹毛遐乙弗朗

Zhu Rui; Chilie Yanqing; Hu Sichun; Jia Xiandu; Fan Zihu; Hou Shen; He Bayun; Houmo Chenyue; Nian Xian; Liang Lan; Lei Shao; Mao Xia; and Yi Fulang

列傳第三十七

Biography 37

朱瑞叱列延慶斛斯椿子徵孫政賈顯度弟智樊子鵠侯深賀拔允弟勝勝弟岳侯莫陳悅念賢梁覽雷紹毛遐弟鴻賓乙弗朗

Zhu Rui; Chilie Yanqing; Hu Sichun, with his son Zheng and grandson Zheng; Jia Xiandu and his younger brother Zhi; Fan Zihu; Hou Shen; He Bayun, his younger brother Sheng, and Sheng's younger brother Yue; Houmo Chenyue; Nian Xian; Liang Lan; Lei Shao; Mao Xia and his younger brother Hongbin; and Yi Fulang

朱瑞，字元龍，代郡桑乾人也。祖就，沛縣令。父惠，行太原太守。瑞貴達，並贈刺史。瑞長厚質直，敬愛人士，爾硃榮引為大行台郎中，甚見親任，以為黃門侍郎，仍中書舍人。榮恐朝廷事意有所不知，故居之門下，為腹心之寄。封陽邑縣公。及元顥內逼，從車駕于河陽，除侍中、兼吏部尚書，改封北海郡公。莊帝還洛，改封樂陵郡公，仍侍中。瑞雖為爾硃榮所委，而善處朝廷間。帝亦賞遇之，嘗謂侍臣曰：「為人臣當須忠實，至如硃元龍者，朕待之亦不異餘人。」瑞以青州樂陵有硃氏，意欲歸之，故求為青州中正。又以滄州樂陵亦有硃氏，而心好河北，遂乞三從內並屬滄州樂陵郡。詔許之，仍轉滄州大中正。爾硃榮死，瑞與世隆俱北走。以莊帝待之素厚，且見世隆等並無雄才，終當敗喪，于路乃還，帝大悅。時爾硃天光擁眾關右，帝招納之，乃以瑞兼尚書左僕射，為西道大行台，以慰勞焉。既達長安，會爾硃兆入洛，復還京師。都督斛斯椿先與瑞有隙，數譖之於世隆，世隆遂誅之。太昌初，贈開府儀同三司、青州刺史，諡曰恭穆。

Zhu Rui, courtesy name Yuanlong, came from Sanggan in Dai Commandery. His grandfather Jiu had served as magistrate of Pei County. His father Hui had held the acting post of Administrator of Taiyuan. After Rui rose to high rank, both forebears were posthumously granted the title of regional inspector. By nature Rui was generous, forthright, and upright, and he held scholars in esteem. Erzhu Rong recruited him as a director of the Grand March Secretariat, came to rely on him deeply, and made him Gentleman at the Yellow Gates while also keeping him on as Attendant Drafting Secretary. Rong worried that he might not learn of affairs and intentions at court, so he kept Rui at his side as a trusted confidant. He received the title Duke of Yangyi County. When Yuan Hao advanced on the capital, Rui accompanied the imperial carriage to Heyang and was made Palace Attendant and concurrent Minister of Personnel, with his title changed to Duke of Beihai Commandery. After Emperor Zhuang returned to Luoyang, Rui was re-enfeoffed as Duke of Leling Commandery and kept his post as Palace Attendant. Though Rui had been a man of Erzhu Rong's trust, he handled relations between the court and the Erzhu clan with tact. The emperor valued him as well and once told his attendants, "A subject ought to be loyal and true-hearted. As for someone like Zhu Yuanlong, I do not treat him any differently from my other ministers." Rui knew that a Zhu lineage existed at Leling in Qing Province and wished to join it, so he asked to be made chief arbiter of Qing Province. There was also a Zhu clan at Leling in Cang Province, and as he preferred Hebei, he petitioned to have all his kin within three degrees of mourning registered under Leling in Cang Province. The throne granted his request and transferred him to serve as chief arbiter of Cang Province. After Erzhu Rong's death, Rui fled north with Shilong. Remembering how generously Emperor Zhuang had always treated him, and seeing that Shilong and his party lacked real ability and were bound for ruin, he turned back on the road. The emperor was overjoyed. Erzhu Tianguang then commanded a large army in the west, and the emperor wished to win him over. Rui was appointed concurrent Left Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs and sent west as Grand March Commissioner to reassure him. He had reached Chang'an when Erzhu Zhao entered Luoyang, so he returned to the capital again. Commander Hu Sichun had long been at odds with Rui and repeatedly slandered him to Shilong, who then had him put to death. Early in the Taichang era he was posthumously honored as Grand Master with Golden Tally and Equal in Honor to the Three Dukes and as Regional Inspector of Qing Province, with the posthumous name Gongmu.

叱列延慶，代西部人也，世為酋帥。延慶娶爾硃世隆姊，故被爾硃榮親遇。普泰初，世隆得志，特見委重，兼尚書左僕射、山東行台、北海郡公。時幽州刺史劉靈助以莊帝幽崩，遂舉兵唱義，世隆白節閔帝，以延慶與大都督侯深于定州討之。深以靈助善占，百姓信惑，未易可圖，欲還師入據關拒險，以待其變。延慶以靈助庸人，彼皆恃其妖術，坐看符厭，寧肯戮力致死。宜詭言西歸，可襲而禽。深從之，乃出頓城西，聲雲將還，詰朝造靈助壘，遂破禽之。及韓陵戰敗，延慶與爾硃仲遠走度石濟。仲遠南竄，延慶北降齊神武，仍從并州。後赴洛，孝武帝以為中軍大都督。孝武之西，齊神武誅之。

Chilie Yanqing came from western Dai, where his family had been tribal chieftains for generations. Yanqing had married Erzhu Shilong's elder sister, which won him Erzhu Rong's personal favor. Early in the Putai era, once Shilong had gained power, Yanqing was especially trusted with concurrent posts as Left Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs, Grand March Commissioner of Shandong, and Duke of Beihai Commandery. Liu Lingzhu, Regional Inspector of You Province, took up arms in the name of righteousness after Emperor Zhuang died in You. Shilong reported this to Emperor Jiemin and sent Yanqing with Grand Commander Hou Shen to attack him in Ding Province. Hou Shen argued that Lingzhu's skill at divination had won the people's trust and made him hard to defeat, and proposed withdrawing into a fortified pass and waiting for circumstances to change. Yanqing replied that Lingzhu was a mediocrity whose followers trusted only his sorcery and omens and would never fight to the death. They should feign a withdrawal to the west and then take him by surprise. Hou Shen agreed. They marched out and camped west of the city, announcing a withdrawal; at dawn the next day they stormed Lingzhu's camp, routed him, and took him prisoner. After the defeat at Hanling, Yanqing fled with Erzhu Zhongyuan and crossed the Stone Ford. Zhongyuan fled south; Yanqing surrendered to Gao Huan in the north and followed him to Bing Province. He later went to Luoyang, where Emperor Xiaowu made him Grand Commander of the Central Army. When Emperor Xiaowu fled west, Gao Huan had him put to death.

斛斯椿，字法壽，廣牧富昌人也。其先世為莫弗大人。父足，一名敦，明帝時為左牧令。時河西賊起，牧人不安，椿乃將家投爾硃榮。征伐有功，稍遷中散大夫，署外兵事。椿性佞巧，甚得榮心，軍之密謀，頗亦關預。莊帝初，改封陽曲縣公，除榮大將軍府司馬。後為東徐州刺史。及榮死，椿甚憂懼。時梁以汝南王悅為魏主，資其士馬，次於境上。椿遂棄州歸悅。悅授尚書左僕射、司空公，封靈丘郡公，又為大行台前驅都督。會爾硃兆入洛，悅知不逮，南旋。椿復背悅歸兆。以參立節閔謀，拜侍中、驃騎大將軍、儀同三司，封城陽郡公。尋加開府。時椿父足先在秀容，忽有傳其死問，椿請減己階以贈之。尋知其父猶存，詔復官，仍除其父為車騎將軍、揚州刺史。

Hu Sichun, courtesy name Fashou, came from Fuchang in Guangmu. His forebears had for generations held the tribal title Mofu daren. His father Zu, also known as Dun, had been Director of the Left Pasturage under Emperor Ming. When bandits rose in the Hexi region and the pastoral peoples were thrown into turmoil, Chun took his family and joined Erzhu Rong. He won distinction in campaigns and was gradually promoted to Palace Attendant with responsibility for forces outside the capital. Crafty and ingratiating by nature, Chun won Rong's trust and was drawn into many of the army's secret counsels. Early in Emperor Zhuang's reign he was re-enfeoffed as Duke of Yangqu County and made Chief of Staff in Rong's Grand General's Headquarters. He later served as Regional Inspector of Eastern Xuzhou. After Rong's death, Chun was deeply alarmed. Liang was then backing Yuan Yue, Prince of Runan, as ruler of Wei and had supplied him with troops and horses massed on the frontier. Chun abandoned his province and went over to Yue. Yue made him Left Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs and Duke of Works, enfeoffed him as Duke of Lingqiu Commandery, and appointed him vanguard commander of the Grand March Secretariat. When Erzhu Zhao entered Luoyang, Yue saw he could not prevail and withdrew south. Chun deserted Yue once more and went over to Zhao. For helping to enthrone Emperor Jiemin, he was made Palace Attendant, General of Agile Cavalry, and Grand Master with Golden Tally and Equal in Honor to the Three Dukes, and enfeoffed as Duke of Chengyang Commandery. He was soon further granted the title of Grand Master with Golden Tally. Chun's father Zu was still at Xiurong when a report suddenly arrived that he had died. Chun asked to reduce his own rank so that honors could be conferred on his father. It soon turned out that his father was still alive. An edict restored Chun's rank and appointed his father General of Chariots and Cavalry and Regional Inspector of Yang Province.

椿以爾硃兆擅權，懼禍，乃與賀拔勝俱說世隆以正道。世隆不悅，欲害椿，賴爾硃天光救，得免。及世隆、度律與兆自相疑，椿與賀拔勝和之，兆執椿、勝還營。椿又陳以正理，兆謝而遣之。椿謂勝曰：「天下皆怨毒爾硃，吾等附之，亡無日矣，不如圖之。」勝曰：「天光與兆，各據一方，今俱禽為難。」椿曰：「易致耳。」乃說世隆追天光等赴洛，討齊神武。及韓陵之敗，椿謂都督賈顯智等曰：「若不先執爾硃，我等死無類矣。」遂與顯智等夜于桑下盟約，倍道兼行。椿入北中城，收爾硃部曲，盡殺之。令弟元壽與張歡、長孫承業、顯智等襲世隆、彥伯兄弟，並斬於閶闔門外。椿入洛，縣世隆兄弟首于其門樹。椿父出見，謂曰：「汝與爾硃約為兄弟，今何忍縣其頭於家門？寧不愧負天地！」椿乃傳世隆等首，並囚度律、天光，送于齊神武。

Fearing disaster from Erzhu Zhao's monopoly of power, Chun joined Heba Sheng in urging Shilong to take the righteous course. Shilong took offense and wanted to kill Chun, but Erzhu Tianguang saved him. When Shilong and Dulü grew suspicious of Zhao, Chun and Heba Sheng tried to mediate. Zhao seized them both and took them back to camp. Chun again argued on principle, and Zhao apologized and let them go. Chun told Sheng, "All the realm hates the Erzhu clan. If we stay attached to them, we are doomed. We should plot against them." Sheng replied, "Tianguang and Zhao each hold a separate region. Taking both at once would be hard." Chun said, "That is easy enough." He then persuaded Shilong to summon Tianguang and the others to Luoyang to attack Gao Huan. After the defeat at Hanling, Chun told Commander Jia Xianzhi and the others, "Unless we seize the Erzhu first, none of us will survive." That night he swore an oath with Xianzhi and the others under mulberry trees and marched at forced speed. Chun entered Beizhong Fortress, rounded up the Erzhu troops, and slaughtered them all. He sent his younger brother Yuanshou with Zhang Huan, Zhangsun Chengye, Xianzhi, and the others to attack Shilong and the Yanbo brothers, and all were beheaded outside the Chang-le Gate. When Chun entered Luoyang, he hung the heads of Shilong and his brothers from the trees at their gate. Chun's father came out and said, "You swore brotherhood with the Erzhu. How can you bear to hang their heads at our gate? Have you no shame before Heaven and Earth!" Chun then sent on the heads, imprisoned Dulü and Tianguang, and delivered them to Gao Huan.

及神武入洛，椿謂賀拔勝曰：「今天下事在吾與君，若不先制人，將為人所制。高歡初至，圖之不難。」勝曰：「彼有心於人，害之不詳。比數夜與歡同宿，具序往昔之懷，兼荷兄恩意甚多，何苦憚之！」椿乃止。孝武帝立，拜椿侍中、儀同開府、城陽郡公。父足亦加開府，子悅太中大夫，同日受拜。當時榮之。

When Gao Huan entered Luoyang, Chun told Heba Sheng, "The fate of the realm is in our hands. Unless we strike first, others will strike at us. Gao Huan has only just arrived; eliminating him would not be hard." Sheng replied, "He treats people with real goodwill. To harm him would be ill-omened. I have spent the last several nights with Huan, and he has spoken at length of our old friendship. I also owe your elder brother a great debt. Why be so wary of him!" Chun dropped the idea. When Emperor Xiaowu came to the throne, Chun was made Palace Attendant, Grand Master with Golden Tally and Equal in Honor to the Three Dukes with an independent office, and Duke of Chengyang Commandery. His father Zu was also granted the title of Grand Master with Golden Tally, and his son Yue was made Grand Master of Palace Leisure; all three were appointed on the same day. At the time this was considered a signal honor.

椿自以數反，意常不安，遂密勸孝武帝置閣內都督部曲，又增武直人數百，直閣已下員別數百，皆選天下輕剽以充之。又說帝數出遊幸，號令部曲，別為行陣，椿自約勒指麾其間。從此以後，軍謀朝政，一決於椿。又勸帝徵兵，詭稱南討，將以伐齊神武。帝從之。以椿為前驅大都督。椿因奏請率精騎二千，夜度河，掩其勞弊。帝始然之，黃門侍郎楊寬說帝曰：「高歡以臣伐君，何所不至？今假兵於人，恐生他變。今度河，萬一有功，是滅一高歡，復生一高歡矣。」帝遂敕椿停行。椿歎曰：「頃熒惑入南斗，今上信左右間構，不用吾計，豈天道乎！」

Having changed sides so often, Chun was never at ease and secretly urged Emperor Xiaowu to form an inner palace guard, add several hundred martial attendants, and create several hundred posts below Attendant at the Inner Gate, all filled with the boldest men from across the realm. He also persuaded the emperor to go out on frequent tours, drill his troops in separate formations, and command them himself. From then on, military and political decisions rested entirely with Chun. He also urged the emperor to mobilize troops under the pretense of a southern campaign, intending to strike at Gao Huan. The emperor agreed. Chun was appointed Grand Commander of the Vanguard. Chun then asked to lead two thousand elite horsemen across the river by night and strike the enemy while they were exhausted. The emperor at first agreed. Gentleman Attendant at the Yellow Gates Yang Kuan told him, "Gao Huan has already risen as a subject against his sovereign—what would he not dare? To lend him troops now may bring some other disaster. If he crosses the river and succeeds, you will have destroyed one Gao Huan only to create another." The emperor then ordered Chun to halt. Chun sighed, "Mars has just entered the Southern Dipper. The sovereign believes the intrigues around him and will not take my counsel. Is this Heaven's will!"

帝勒兵河橋，命椿自洛而東，至武牢。帝以賈顯智背叛，東師失律，將幸關中。乃遣使命椿因從入關。拜尚書令，侍中如故，封常山郡公。歷位司徒、太保，仍尚書令。時寇難未息，內外戒嚴，唯椿得列威儀，鳴騶清路。遷太傅，薨，年四十三。帝親臨吊，百僚赴哭。詔賜東園秘器，遣尚書、梁郡王景略監護喪事。贈大將軍、錄尚書、三十州諸軍事、侍中、恆州刺史、常山郡王，諡曰文宣，祭乙太牢。又詔改大將軍，贈大司馬，給轀輬車。及葬，車駕臨于渭陽，止紼慟哭。

The emperor assembled his forces at the Yellow River Bridge and ordered Chun to march east from Luoyang to Wulao. When Jia Xianzhi defected and the eastern army fell apart, the emperor prepared to flee to Guanzhong. He sent orders for Chun to accompany him through the pass into Guanzhong. He was made Director of the Department of State Affairs while keeping his post as Palace Attendant, and enfeoffed as Duke of Changshan Commandery. He rose through the posts of Minister over the Masses and Grand Tutor while remaining Director of the Department of State Affairs. Though raids and turmoil continued and the realm remained on alert, only Chun was allowed a full ceremonial escort with outriders clearing his path. He was promoted to Grand Tutor and died at the age of forty-three. The emperor came in person to mourn him, and the officials all attended the funeral. An edict granted the funerary regalia of the Eastern Garden and sent Director of the Department of State Affairs Prince Jinglue of Liang Commandery to supervise the funeral. He was posthumously honored as Grand General, Supervisor of the Department of State Affairs, Commander-in-Chief of Military Affairs in Thirty Provinces, Palace Attendant, Regional Inspector of Heng Province, and Prince of Changshan Commandery, with the posthumous name Wenxuan and sacrifices of the second yi grade with the great offering. A further edict changed his posthumous rank from Grand General to Grand Marshal and supplied an imperial funeral carriage. At the funeral the emperor came to Weiyang, stopped at the bier ropes, and wept bitterly.

帝嘗給椿店數區，耕牛三十頭。椿以國難未平，不可與百姓爭利，辭店受牛，日烹一頭，以饗軍士。及死，家無餘資。有四子：悅、恢、徵、演。演為齊神武所殺，三子入關。

The emperor had once given Chun several shop properties and thirty draft oxen. Chun argued that while the realm was still in turmoil he could not compete with the people for profit. He declined the shops, took the oxen, and cooked one each day to feed his soldiers. When he died, his family had nothing left. He had four sons: Yue, Hui, Zheng, and Yan. Gao Huan had Yan killed; the other three sons fled west through the pass.

徵字士亮，博涉群書，尤精三禮，兼解音律。有至性。居父喪，朝夕共一溢米。少以父勳賜爵城陽郡公。大統末，起家通直散騎常侍，稍遷兼太常少卿。

Zheng, courtesy name Shiliang, was widely read in the classics, especially versed in the Three Rites, and also understood music theory. He was deeply filial by nature. During his father's mourning he ate only a single yi of rice each day. In youth he was enfeoffed as Duke of Chengyang Commandery on account of his father's merit. Late in the Datong era he entered office as Regular Attendant of Direct Communication and Cavalier Attendant and was gradually promoted to concurrent Vice Director of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices.

自魏孝武遷西，雅樂廢缺，徵博采遺逸，稽諸典故，創新改舊，方始備焉。又樂有錞於者，近代絕此器，或有自蜀得之，皆莫之識。徵見之曰：「此錞於也。」眾弗信之，徵遂依干寶《周禮注》，以芒筒捋之。其聲極清，眾乃嘆服。徵仍取以合樂焉。六官建，拜司樂下大夫，遷司樂中大夫，進位驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司，轉內史下大夫。天和三年，周武帝以徵經有師法，詔令授皇諸子。宣帝時為魯公，與諸皇子等咸服青衿，行束脩之禮，受業於徵。仍並呼徵為夫子，儒者榮之。六年，除司宗中大夫，行內史，仍攝樂部。進封岐國公，尋轉小宗伯。除太子太傅，仍小宗伯。宣帝嗣位，遷上大將軍、大宗伯。時武帝初崩，梓宮在殯，帝意欲速葬，令朝臣議之。徵與內史宇文孝伯等，固請依《禮》七月，帝竟不許。

After Emperor Xiaowu of Wei moved west, court music had fallen into ruin. Zheng gathered surviving materials, consulted ancient precedents, revised old pieces and created new ones, and at last restored the repertoire. Music also included an instrument called the chunyu, which had long been lost. When someone obtained one from Shu, no one could identify it. Zheng saw it and said, "This is a chunyu." No one believed him. Zheng then followed Gan Bao's commentary on the Rites of Zhou and struck it with a tube of awn grass. The tone was extraordinarily clear, and everyone marveled. Zheng then incorporated it into the court orchestra. When the Six Offices were established, he became Lower Grand Master of the Office of Music, then Middle Grand Master of the Office of Music, then General of Agile Cavalry and Grand Master with Golden Tally and Equal in Honor to the Three Dukes with an independent office, and finally Lower Grand Master of the Imperial Secretariat. In the third year of Tianhe, Emperor Wu of Zhou ordered Zheng to instruct the imperial princes because his scholarship followed a proper lineage. The future Emperor Xuan was then Duke of Lu. He and the other princes wore scholars' dress, presented the traditional tuition gift, and studied under Zheng. They all called Zheng Master, to the envy of other scholars. In the sixth year he was made Middle Grand Master of the Office of Imperial Clan and acting Director of the Imperial Secretariat while still overseeing the Music Office. He was promoted to Duke of Qi State and soon became Lesser Director of Imperial Clan Affairs. He was made Grand Tutor of the Heir Apparent while keeping his post as Lesser Director of Imperial Clan Affairs. When Emperor Xuan came to the throne, Zheng was promoted to Grand General and Grand Director of Imperial Clan Affairs. Emperor Wu had just died and his coffin still lay in the mourning hall. Emperor Xuan wished to bury him quickly and ordered the court to discuss it. Zheng and Director of the Imperial Secretariat Yuwen Xiaobo and others firmly urged burial after seven months as the Rites prescribed, but the emperor refused.

帝之為太子也，宮尹鄭譯坐不能以正道調護，被謫除名。而帝雅親愛譯。至是，拜譯內史中大夫，甚委任之。譯乃獻新樂，十二月各一笙，每笙用十六管。帝令與徵議之。徵駁而奏之曰：「《禮》雲，十二律轉相生，聲五具在十六焉，六律十二管，還相為宮。然詳一笙十六管，總一百九十二管，既無相生之理，又無還宮之義。臣恐鄭聲亂樂，未合于古。夫音樂之起，本于人心，天之應人，有如影響。為善者，天報之以福；為惡者，天譴之以殃。故舜彈五弦之琴，歌《南風》之詩，而天下化。紂為朝歌、北裏之音，而社稷滅。是知樂也者，和情性，移風俗，動天地，感鬼神，禍福所基，盛衰攸系，安可不慎哉！案譯之所為，不師古始。若以月奏一笙，則鐘鼓諸色，各須一十有二。雅樂之備，已充廟廷，今若益之，于何陳列？方須更辟階墀，增修廊宇，非急之務，寧可勞人？如謂笙管之外，不須加造，則樂之損益，豈系於笙？進退無據，竊謂不可。」帝頗納之，且令停譯所獻。

When Xuan had been heir apparent, palace steward Zheng Yi was dismissed for failing to guide him properly. Yet the emperor had always been fond of him. Now Yi was appointed Middle Grand Master of the Imperial Secretariat and given great authority. Yi then presented new music: twelve sheng, one for each month, each with sixteen pipes. The emperor ordered Zheng to review it. Zheng objected and memorialized, "The Rites teach that the twelve pitch standards generate one another in succession, that the five tones are contained within sixteen pipes, and that six standards and twelve pipes alternate as keynote. Yet a single sheng of sixteen pipes means one hundred ninety-two pipes in all, which observe neither mutual generation nor return to the keynote. I fear this is the decadent music of Zheng corrupting proper music and does not accord with antiquity. Music arises from the human heart, and Heaven responds to humanity as shadow follows form. Those who do good receive Heaven's blessing; those who do evil receive Heaven's punishment. Thus Shun played the five-stringed zither and sang the "Southern Breeze," and the realm was transformed. Zhou indulged in the music of Chaoge and Beili, and his dynasty perished. Thus music harmonizes the emotions, transforms customs, moves Heaven and Earth, stirs spirits, and underlies fortune and ruin, rise and fall—how can one not be cautious! What Yi proposes does not follow ancient precedent. If one sheng is played each month, bells, drums, and every other instrument would likewise require twelve sets. Court music already fills the temple hall. Where would more instruments be placed? We would need new terraces and enlarged halls. This is not urgent—why burden the people? If beyond the sheng nothing else need be made, does music's gain or loss depend on the sheng alone? The proposal has no coherent basis. I respectfully submit that it cannot be accepted." The emperor largely agreed and ordered Yi's proposal suspended.

及武帝山陵回，帝欲作樂，復令議其可不。徵曰：「《孝經》云'聞樂不樂。 '聞尚不樂，其況作乎！」鄭譯曰：「既雲聞樂，明即非無，止可不樂，何容不奏。」帝遂依譯議，譯因此銜之。帝后肆行非度，昏慮日甚。徵以荷武帝重恩，嘗備位師傅，乃上疏極諫，指陳帝失。不納。譯因譖之，遂下徵於獄。徵懼不免，獄卒張元平哀之，乃以佩刀穿牆，送之出。元平被捶拷百數，而無所言。徵既出，匿於人家，後遇赦得免，然猶坐除名。

When the procession returned from Emperor Wu's tomb, Xuan wished to perform music and again ordered the court to discuss whether it was permissible. Zheng said, "The Classic of Filial Piety says, 'On hearing music one does not feel joy. If hearing music brings no joy, how much less should one perform it!" Zheng Yi replied, "Since it speaks of hearing music, music clearly exists. One need only not feel joy—why refuse to perform it?" The emperor followed Yi's view, and Yi bore a grudge against Zheng. Thereafter the emperor's conduct grew ever more lawless and his judgment ever more clouded. Mindful of Emperor Wu's great favor and his own former role as tutor, Zheng submitted a forceful memorial enumerating the emperor's faults. The emperor ignored it. Yi slandered him, and Zheng was thrown into prison. Fearing execution, Zheng was helped by prison guard Zhang Yuanping, who bored through the wall with his belt knife and helped him escape. Yuanping was beaten hundreds of times but revealed nothing. Zheng hid in a private home, was later spared by an amnesty, but was still struck from the official rolls.

隋文帝踐極，例復官爵，除太子太傅，仍詔徵修撰樂書。開皇四年薨，年五十六。初，隋文帝為大司馬，有外姻喪，徵就第吊之。久而不出。徵怒，遂弗之待。比出候，徵已去矣。隋文帝以此常恨之。至是，詔所司諡之曰闇。子該嗣。徽所撰《樂典》十卷。

When Emperor Wen of Sui came to the throne, Zheng's rank and titles were restored. He was made Grand Tutor of the Heir Apparent and ordered to compile a treatise on music. He died in the fourth year of Kaihuang at the age of fifty-six. Earlier, when Wen was Grand Marshal, a relative by marriage died and Zheng came to offer condolences at his residence. Wen kept him waiting a long time without appearing. Zheng grew angry and left without waiting. When Wen finally came out to receive him, Zheng was already gone. Emperor Wen never forgave him for this. Now an edict ordered the relevant offices to give him the posthumous name An. His son Gai succeeded him. Zheng compiled the Music Canon in ten juan.

兄恢，散騎常侍，新蔡郡公。子政嗣。

His elder brother Hui was Cavalier Attendant-in-Ordinary and Duke of Xincai Commandery. His son Zheng succeeded him.

政明悟有器幹，隋開皇中，以軍功授儀同，甚為楊素所禮。大業中，位尚書兵曹郎，漸見委遇。玄感兄弟，俱與之交。遼東之役，兵部尚書段文振卒，侍郎明雅復以罪廢，帝彌屬意於政。尋遷兵部侍郎。稱為幹理。玄感之反，政與通謀，及玄縱等亡歸，亦政之計。及帝窮玄縱黨與，政亡奔高麗。明年，帝復東征，高麗請和，遂送政。鎖至京師以告廟，左翊衛大將軍宇文述請變常法行刑，帝許之。以出金光門，縛之於柱，公卿百僚，並親擊射。臠其肉，多有啖者，然後烹焚，揚其骨灰。

Zheng was intelligent and capable. In the Kaihuang era he was granted the title of Grand Master with Golden Tally for military merit and was greatly honored by Yang Su. In the Daye era he served as Director of the Bureau of Military Affairs and was gradually given greater trust. He was on friendly terms with the Xuan'gan brothers. During the Liaodong campaign, Minister of War Duan Wenzhen died and Vice Director Mingya was dismissed for a crime. The emperor placed ever greater hopes in Zheng. He was soon promoted to Vice Director of the Ministry of War. He was praised for capable administration. When Xuan'gan rebelled, Zheng conspired with him, and when Xuanzong and the others fled home, that too was Zheng's plan. When the emperor hunted down Xuanzong's associates, Zheng fled to Goguryeo. The next year the emperor campaigned east again. Goguryeo sued for peace and extradited Zheng. He was brought in chains to the capital to report to the ancestral temple. Left Wing Guard General Yuwen Shu asked to alter the usual mode of execution, and the emperor agreed. He was taken out through the Golden Light Gate and bound to a pillar. The nobles and officials all shot at him in person. His flesh was cut up and many ate it. Then his body was boiled and burned, and his ashes were scattered.

椿弟元壽，性剛毅諒直，武力過人，彎弓兩石，左右馳射。歷位吏部尚書，封桑乾縣伯。孝武踐阼，進爵為公，除豫州刺史。及車駕西巡，為部下所殺。贈司空公，諡曰景莊。

Chun's younger brother Yuanshou was firm, upright, and exceptionally strong. He could draw a two-shi bow and shoot accurately from horseback at full gallop. He served as Minister of Personnel and was enfeoffed as Baron of Sanggan County. When Emperor Xiaowu came to the throne, Yuanshou was promoted to duke and appointed Regional Inspector of Yu Province. When the emperor moved west, his own subordinates killed him. He was posthumously honored as Duke of Works, with the posthumous name Jingzhuang.

賈顯度，中山無極人也。父道監，沃野鎮長史。顯度形貌偉壯，有志氣。初為別將，防守薄骨律鎮。正光末，北鎮擾亂，顯度乃率鎮人浮河而下，達秀容，為爾硃榮所留。隨榮破葛榮，封石艾縣公，累遷南袞州刺史。爾硃榮之死，顯度奔梁。普泰初，還朝。後隨爾硃度律等敗于韓陵，與斛斯椿及弟智等先據河橋，誅爾硃氏。孝武帝初，除尚書左僕射，尋加驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司、定州大中正。永熙三年，為雍州刺史、西道大行台。親故祖餞于張方橋，顯度執酒曰：「顯智性輕躁，好去就，覆敗吾家，其此人也！」武帝入關後，顯智果同于齊神武。孝武帝怒，乃賜顯度死。

Jia Xiandu came from Wuji in Zhongshan. His father Daojian had been chief clerk of Woye Garrison. Xiandu was imposing in stature and full of resolve. He first served as a separate commander defending Boguli Garrison. Late in the Zhengguang era the northern garrisons rebelled. Xiandu led the garrison people downriver by boat to Xiurong, where Erzhu Rong detained them. He followed Rong in defeating Ge Rong, was enfeoffed as Duke of Shi'ai County, and rose to Regional Inspector of Southern Yan Province. After Erzhu Rong's death, Xiandu fled to Liang. Early in the Putai era he returned to court. Later, after defeat at Hanling with Erzhu Dulü and the others, he joined Hu Sichun and his younger brother Zhi in seizing the Yellow River Bridge and slaughtering the Erzhu clan. Early in Emperor Xiaowu's reign he was made Left Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs, then General of Agile Cavalry, Grand Master with Golden Tally and Equal in Honor to the Three Dukes with an independent office, and chief arbiter of Ding Province. In the third year of Yongxi he became Regional Inspector of Yong Province and Grand March Commissioner of the Western Route. Relatives and old friends saw him off at Zhangfang Bridge. Xiandu raised his cup and said, "Xianzhi is flighty and rash, always switching sides—he will destroy our house. This is the man!" After Emperor Xiaowu entered Guan, Xianzhi did in fact join Gao Huan. Emperor Xiaowu was furious and had Xiandu executed.

智字顯智，少有膽決，以軍功累遷金紫光祿大夫，封義陽縣伯。及爾硃仲遠為徐州刺史，智隸仲遠赴彭城。爾硃榮死，仲遠舉兵向洛，智不從之。莊帝聞而善之。普泰初，還洛。仲遠忿其乖背，議欲殺之。智兄顯度先為世隆所厚，世隆為解喻得全。後進爵為公。隨度律等敗于韓陵。智與顯度、斛斯椿謀誅爾硃氏，顯度據守北中城，令智等入京，禽世隆兄弟。

Zhi, courtesy name Xianzhi, was bold and decisive from youth. Through military merit he rose to Grand Master of Brilliant Splendor with Golden Seal and Purple Ribbon and was enfeoffed as Baron of Yiyang County. When Erzhu Zhongyuan became Regional Inspector of Xu Province, Zhi served under him and went to Pengcheng. After Erzhu Rong died, Zhongyuan marched on Luoyang, but Zhi refused to follow. Emperor Zhuang heard of it and commended him. Early in the Putai era he returned to Luoyang. Zhongyuan resented his disobedience and considered executing him. Zhi's elder brother Xiandu had long been favored by Shilong, who interceded and saved him. He was later promoted to duke. He followed Erzhu Dulü and the others to defeat at Hanling. Zhi plotted with Xiandu and Hu Sichun to destroy the Erzhu clan. Xiandu held Beizhong City and sent Zhi and the others into the capital to seize Shilong and his brothers.

孝武帝初，除開府儀同三司、滄州刺史。在州貪縱，甚為人害。孝武徵還京師，加侍中，除濟州刺史，率眾達東郡，仍停不進。于長壽津為相州刺史竇泰所破。天平初，赴晉陽。智去就多端，後坐事死。

Early in Emperor Xiaowu's reign he was made Grand Master with Golden Tally and Equal in Honor to the Three Dukes with an independent office, and Regional Inspector of Cang Province. In office he was greedy and brutal and did great harm to the people. Emperor Xiaowu recalled him to the capital, made him Palace Attendant, and appointed him Regional Inspector of Ji Province. He led his troops to Dong Commandery but then halted and refused to advance. At Changshou Ford he was defeated by Dou Tai, Regional Inspector of Xiang Province. Early in the Tianping era he went to Jinyang. Zhi was forever changing sides; later he was executed for his crimes.

樊子鵠，代郡平城人也。其先荊州蠻酋，徙代。父興，平城鎮長史、歸義侯。普泰中，子鵠貴，乃贈荊州刺史。子鵠逢北鎮擾亂，南至并州，爾硃榮引為都督府倉曹參軍。使詣京師，靈太后問榮兵勢，子鵠應對稱旨。太后嘉之，除直齊，封南和縣子，令還赴榮。建義初，拜晉州刺史，封永安縣伯。永安二年，以招納叛蜀，進封中都縣公，又兼尚書行台，政有威信。尋征授都官尚書、西荊州大中正。後兼右僕射，為行台。進封西陽郡公，尚書如故，假驃騎將軍，率所部為都督。時爾硃榮在晉陽，京師之事，子鵠頗預委寄，故在台閣，征官不解。後出為殷州刺史。屬歲旱儉，子鵠恐人流亡，乃勒有粟家分濟貧者，並遣人牛易力，多種二麥，州內以此獲安。

Fan Zihu came from Pingcheng in Dai Commandery. His forebears had been Man chieftains in Jing Province before relocating to Dai. His father Xing had been chief clerk of Pingcheng Garrison and Marquis Who Returns to Righteousness. During Putai, after Zihu rose to prominence, his father was posthumously made Regional Inspector of Jing Province. Amid the northern garrisons' upheaval, Zihu went south to Bing Province, where Erzhu Rong took him on as registrar of the area commander's military provision bureau. Sent to the capital, he answered Empress Dowager Ling's questions about Rong's forces to her satisfaction. Pleased with him, the empress dowager appointed him to Direct Qi, enfeoffed him as Viscount of Nanhe County, and sent him back to Rong. Early in Jianyi he became Regional Inspector of Jin Province and was enfeoffed as Baron of Yong'an County. In the second year of Yong'an he was promoted to Duke of Zhongdu County for receiving Shu defectors, and also headed a mobile office of the Department of State Affairs; his rule commanded respect. He was soon recalled and made Director of the Bureau for Punishments and chief arbiter of Western Jing Province. He later also served as Right Vice Director and as head of a mobile office. Promoted to Duke of Xiyang Commandery, he kept his ministerial post, was given acting rank as General of Agile Cavalry, and commanded his own troops as area commander. Erzhu Rong was then in Jinyang. Because Zihu had often been entrusted with capital affairs, his court appointments were repeatedly not released for transfer. He was later sent out as Regional Inspector of Yin Province. When drought and famine struck, Zihu feared mass flight. He forced grain-rich households to aid the poor, organized labor exchanges of men and oxen, and encouraged heavy planting of winter wheat and barley, and the province was thereby stabilized.

爾硃榮死，世隆等遣書招子鵠，子鵠不從。以母在晉陽，啟求移鎮河南。莊帝嘉之，除都督、豫州刺史。行達汲郡，聞爾硃兆入洛，乃度河見仲遠。仲遠遣鎮汲郡。兆徵子鵠赴洛，既見，責以乖異之意，奪其部眾，將還晉陽。元曄以為侍中、御史中尉、中軍大都督。太昌初，兼尚書左僕射、東南道大行台，總大都督杜德等追討爾硃仲遠。仲遠奔梁，收其兵馬。時梁遣元樹入寇，陷據譙城，詔子鵠與德討之。樹大敗，奔入城門，遂圍之。樹請歸南，以地還魏，許之。及樹眾半出，子鵠擊破之，禽樹及梁譙州刺史硃文開。班師，遷吏部尚書，轉尚書右僕射。尋加驃騎大將軍、開府，典選。後除兗州刺史。子鵠先遣腹心，緣曆人間，采察得失。及至境，太山太守彭穆參候失儀，子鵠責讓穆，並數其罪狀，穆皆引伏，於是州內震悚。及孝武帝入關，子鵠據城為應，南青州刺史大野拔率眾就子鵠。天平初，齊神武遣儀同三司婁昭等討之。城久不拔，昭以水灌城。而大野拔因與相見，令左右斬子鵠以降。

After Erzhu Rong's death, Shilong and the others wrote to recruit Zihu, but he refused. His mother being in Jinyang, he petitioned to move his command south of the Yellow River. Emperor Zhuang approved and made him area commander and Regional Inspector of Yu Province. Marching as far as Ji Commandery, he learned Erzhu Zhao had entered Luoyang, crossed the river, and went to Zhongyuan. Zhongyuan posted him to garrison Ji Commandery. Zhao summoned Zihu to Luoyang, rebuked him for disloyalty, stripped away his forces, and prepared to send him back to Jinyang. Yuan Ye appointed him Palace Attendant, Chief Censor, and Grand Commander of the Central Army. Early in Taichang he also became Left Vice Director and Grand March Commissioner of the Southeastern Route, directing Grand Commander Du De and others against Erzhu Zhongyuan. Zhongyuan fled to Liang, and they collected his troops and horses. Liang then sent Yuan Shu to invade and seize Qiao City. The court ordered Zihu and De to attack him. Shu was routed and fled inside the gates; they laid siege to the city. Shu asked to withdraw south and return the territory to Wei; they agreed. When half of Shu's troops had emerged, Zihu struck and routed them, capturing Shu and Zhu Wenkai, Liang's inspector of Qiao. After the campaign he was made Director of the Ministry of Personnel, then Right Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs. He was soon further made General of Agile Cavalry with an independent office and put in charge of appointments. He was later appointed Regional Inspector of Yan Province. Before taking office, Zihu sent trusted agents through the region to learn what was amiss. On reaching the border, Tai Mountain Prefect Peng Mu paid his respects with improper ceremony. Zihu rebuked him and enumerated his crimes; Mu confessed to everything, and the whole province trembled. When Emperor Xiaowu entered Guan, Zihu held his city in support, and Daye Ba, Regional Inspector of Southern Qing Province, marched to join him. Early in Tianping, Gao Huan sent Lou Zhao and other masters of ceremony equal to the three dukes to attack him. The siege dragged on until Zhao flooded the city with water. Daye Ba then met with him in person and had his men behead Zihu to surrender.

侯深，神武尖山人也。機警有膽略。孝明末年，六鎮饑亂，深隨杜洛周南寇。後與妻兄念賢，背洛周歸爾硃榮。路中遇寇，身披苫褐。榮賜其衣帽，厚待之，以為中軍副都督。莊帝即位，封厭次縣子。從榮討葛榮於滏口，戰功尤多。除燕州刺史。時葛榮別帥韓樓、郝長等屯據薊城，榮令深討樓，配眾甚少。或以為言，榮曰：「深臨機設變，是其所長，若總大眾，未必能用。」止給騎七百。深遂廣張軍聲，率數百騎深入樓境。去薊百餘里，遇賊帥陳周馬步萬餘，大破之，虜其卒五千餘人。尋還其馬仗，縱令入城。左右諫，深曰：「我兵少，不可力戰，事須為計以離隙之。」深度其已至，遂率騎夜進，昧旦叩其城門。韓樓果疑降卒為內應，遂遁走。追禽之。以功賜爵為侯，尋為平州刺史，仍鎮范陽。

Hou Shen came from Jianshan in Shenwu. He was sharp-witted and bold in counsel. In Emperor Xiaoming's last years the six garrisons starved and rebelled; Shen followed Du Luozhou on southern raids. Later he and his wife's brother Nian Xian deserted Luozhou and went over to Erzhu Rong. On the road they met bandits; he was dressed in coarse hemp. Rong gave him proper dress, treated him well, and made him deputy commander of the central army. When Emperor Zhuang ascended the throne, Shen was enfeoffed as Viscount of Yanci County. He followed Rong against Ge Rong at Fu Pass and distinguished himself in battle. He was appointed Regional Inspector of Yan Province. Ge Rong's lieutenants Han Lou and Hao Chang and others held Ji City. Rong ordered Shen to attack Lou but gave him very few men. Some objected. Rong said, "Shen's gift is improvisation in battle; put him at the head of a great army and he may not do as well." He gave him only seven hundred horsemen. Shen then spread exaggerated reports of his force and led several hundred horsemen deep into Lou's territory. A hundred-odd li from Ji he met the rebel commander Chen Zhou with over ten thousand foot and horse, crushed him, and took more than five thousand prisoners. He soon returned their horses and arms and let them enter the city. His men objected. Shen said, "We are too few to fight head-on; we must use a stratagem to set them against one another." Judging them already inside, he led his horsemen forward by night and at dawn knocked on the city gates. Han Lou indeed suspected the captives were inside collaborators and fled. They pursued and took him. For this feat he was made a marquis; soon he became Regional Inspector of Ping Province and continued to hold Fanyang.

及爾硃榮死，太守盧文偉誘深出獵，閉門拒之。深率部曲屯于郡南，為榮舉哀，勒兵南向。莊帝使東萊王貴平為大使，慰勞燕、薊。乃詐降，貴平信之，遂執貴平自隨。進至中山，行台僕射魏蘭根邀擊之，為深所敗。元曄立，授深儀同三司、定州刺史、左軍大都督、漁陽郡公。節閔帝立，仍加開府。後隨爾硃兆拒齊神武于廣阿，兆敗走。深後從神武破爾硃氏于韓陵。永熙初，除齊州刺史。孝武帝末，深與袞州刺史樊子鵠、青州刺史東萊王貴平使信往來，以相連結。又遣使通誠于神武。及孝武入關，復懷顧望。汝陽五暹既除齊州刺史，深不時迎納。城人劉桃符等潛引暹入，據西城。深爭門不克，率騎出奔，妻兒部曲，為暹所虜。行達廣裏，會承制以深行青州事，齊神武又遺書深曰：「卿勿以部曲輕少，難於東邁。齊人澆薄，齊州人尚能迎汝陽王，青州人豈不能開門待卿也？」深乃復還，暹始歸其部曲。而貴平自以斛斯椿黨，亦不受代。深襲高陽郡，克之，置部曲家累於城中，親率輕騎，夜趣青州，城人執貴平出降。深自惟反覆，慮不獲安，遂斬貴平，傳首於鄴，明不同於斛斯椿。及子鵠平，詔以封延之為青州刺史。深既不獲州任，情又恐懼。行達廣川，遂劫光州庫軍反。遣騎詣平原，執前膠州刺史賈璐，夜襲青州南郭，劫前廷尉卿崔光韶以惑人情，攻掠郡縣。其部下督帥叛拒之，遂奔梁。達南青州境，為賣漿者斬之，傳首於鄴，家口配沒。

After Erzhu Rong died, Prefect Lu Wenwei lured Shen out hunting and shut the gates against him. Shen camped his followers south of the commandery, mourned Rong, and marched south. Emperor Zhuang sent Prince Gui Ping of Donglai as envoy to reassure Yan and Ji. He then feigned surrender. Gui Ping believed him, and Shen seized him and took him along. Advancing to Zhongshan, he defeated Mobile Office Vice Director Wei Langen, who had moved to intercept him. When Yuan Ye was enthroned, Shen was made Master of Ceremony Equal to the Three Dukes, Regional Inspector of Ding Province, Left Army Grand Commander, and Duke of Yuyang Commandery. When Emperor Jiemin took the throne, he was further granted an independent office. He later followed Erzhu Zhao against Gao Huan at Guang'a; Zhao was beaten and fled. Shen later followed Gao Huan in crushing the Erzhu at Hanling. Early in Yongxi he was appointed Regional Inspector of Qi Province. Late in Emperor Xiaowu's reign, Shen exchanged messages with Fan Zihu of Yan Province and Prince Gui Ping of Donglai in Qing Province, coordinating their positions. He also sent envoys to declare his goodwill to Gao Huan. When Emperor Xiaowu entered Guan he wavered again. When Wu Xian of Ruyang was appointed Regional Inspector of Qi Province, Shen did not promptly welcome him in. Liu Taofu and others in the city secretly admitted Xian and seized the western quarter. Shen fought for the gates but failed, fled with his cavalry, and Xian captured his wife, children, and followers. At Guangli he received an acting commission to govern Qing Province. Gao Huan also wrote to him, "Do not think your following too small for the march east. The Qi people are fickle; Qi Province welcomed the Prince of Ruyang—will Qing Province not open its gates for you?" Shen turned back, and only then did Xian return his followers. Gui Ping, counting himself among Hu Sichun's party, likewise refused to step down. Shen stormed Gaoyang Commandery, took it, left his followers' families there, and led light cavalry by night toward Qing Province; the townspeople seized Gui Ping and surrendered. Knowing his own vacillation, Shen feared he could not remain secure; he beheaded Gui Ping and sent the head to Ye to show he was no Hu Sichun. After Zihu was subdued, the court appointed Feng Yanzhi Regional Inspector of Qing Province. Shen gained neither the province he sought nor peace of mind. When he reached Guangchuan, he seized the Guang Province depot troops and rose in revolt. He sent riders to Pingyuan, seized the former Regional Inspector of Jiao Province Jia Lu, raided Qing Province's southern suburbs by night, took the former Minister of Justice Cui Guangshao hostage to sway the people, and attacked and plundered commanderies and counties. His subordinate commanders turned against him, so he fled to Liang. On reaching the southern border of Qing Province, he was beheaded by a gruel-seller; his head was sent to Ye, and his family was confiscated and enslaved.

賀拔允，字可泥，神武尖山人也。其先與魏氏同出陰山，有如回者，魏初為大莫弗。祖爾頭，驍勇絕倫，以良家鎮武川，因家焉。獻文時以功賜爵龍城縣男，為本鎮軍主。父度拔，性果毅，襲爵，亦為本鎮軍主。正光末，沃野人破六韓拔陵反，懷朔鎮將楊鈞聞度拔名，召補統軍，配以一旅。其賊偽署王衛可環徒党尤盛，既攻沒武川，又陷懷朔，度拔父子並為賊所虜。度拔乃與周德皇帝合謀，率州裏豪傑珍、念賢、乙弗庫根、尉遲檀等，招義勇，襲殺可環。朝廷嘉之。未及封賞，度拔與鐵勒戰沒。孝昌中，追贈度拔肆州刺史。允便弓馬，頗有膽略。初度拔之死，允兄弟俱奔恆州刺史廣陽王深。深敗，歸爾硃榮。允父子兄弟並以武藝稱，榮素聞其名，待之甚厚。建義初，封壽陽縣侯。永安中，進爵為公。魏長廣王立，除開府儀同三司，封燕郡王，兼侍中，使蠕蠕。還至晉陽，屬神武將出山東，允素知神武非常人，早自結托；神武以其北土之望，尤親禮之。遂與允出信都，參定大策。中興初，轉司徒，領尚書令。神武入洛，進爵為王，轉太尉，加侍中。魏孝武既忌神武，以允弟岳據關中，有重兵，深相委託，潛使來往，當是咸慮允為變。及岳死，孝武又委岳兄勝心腹之寄。神武重舊，尤全護之。天平元年，因與神武獵，或告允引弓擬神武，乃置於樓上餓殺之，年四十八。神武親臨哭之，贈太保。

Heba Yun, courtesy name Keni, came from Jianshan in Shenwu. His ancestors had come from Yinshan together with the Wei ruling house; a forebear named Ruhui had served as Grand Mofu in early Wei. His grandfather Ertou was unrivaled in valor; as a reputable family they garrisoned Wuchuan and settled there. Under Emperor Xianwen he was enfeoffed as Baron of Longcheng County for his service and made military commander of the garrison. His father Dubo was resolute and bold; he inherited the title and also served as military commander of the garrison. Late in Zhenguang, the Woye tribesman Poha Han Baling rose in rebellion. Yang Jun, commander of Huaishuo Garrison, heard of Dubo's fame, appointed him commander, and gave him a brigade. Of the rebels' puppet officers, the band of the self-styled king Wei Kehuai was especially powerful; after Wuchuan fell they took Huaishuo as well, and Dubo and his sons were captured. Dubo then conspired with Yuwen Gong, known as Emperor Zhou De, and with local leaders of the region—Zhen, Nian Xian, Yifu Kugen, and Yuchi Tan—raised volunteers, and in a surprise attack killed Kehuai. The court praised the deed. Before honors could be granted, Dubo fell fighting the Tiele. In the Xiaochang era Dubo was posthumously made Regional Inspector of Sizhou. Yun was adept with bow and horse and had no little courage. After Dubo's death, Yun and his brothers fled to Prince Shen of Guangyang, Regional Inspector of Heng Province. When the prince was defeated, they joined Erzhu Rong. Yun, his father, and his brothers were all renowned for martial prowess; Rong had long known their names and treated them with exceptional favor. At the opening of the Jianyi era he was enfeoffed as Marquis of Shouyang County. In the Yong'an era his rank was raised to duke. When Prince Changguang of Wei took the throne, Yun was made Grand Master with Golden Tally and Equal in Honor to the Three Dukes with an independent office, enfeoffed as Prince of Yan Commandery, appointed concurrent Palace Attendant, and sent as envoy to the Rouran. On returning to Jinyang, Gao Huan was about to march east; Yun had long seen that Gao Huan was no ordinary man and had courted him early; Gao Huan, valuing his prestige in the north, treated him with particular honor. He then left Xindu with Yun and helped shape the grand strategy. Early in the Zhongxing era he was made Minister of Education and Director of the Department of State Affairs. When Gao Huan entered Luoyang, Yun was promoted to prince, made Grand Marshal, and given the added post of Palace Attendant. Emperor Xiaowu of Wei already mistrusted Gao Huan; because Yun's younger brother Yue held Guanzhong with a large force, the emperor relied on him deeply and exchanged secret messages—everyone then feared Yun might change sides. After Yue's death, Emperor Xiaowu again entrusted himself to Yue's elder brother Sheng. Gao Huan cherished the old bond and especially shielded him. In the first year of Tianping, while hunting with Gao Huan, someone accused Yun of drawing his bow toward him; he was shut in a tower and starved to death at forty-eight. Gao Huan came in person to weep for him and posthumously made him Grand Guardian.

允三子：世文、世樂、難陀。興和末，齊神武並召與諸子同學。武定中，敕居定州，賜田宅。允弟勝。

Yun had three sons: Shiwen, Shile, and Nantuo. Late in Xinghe, Gao Huan summoned them to study alongside his sons. In the Wuding era they were ordered to live in Ding Province and were granted estates. Yun's younger brother was Sheng.

勝字破胡，少有志操，善左右馳射，北邊莫不推其膽略。衛可瑰之圍懷朔，勝時亦為軍主，從父度拔鎮守。既被圍，經年而外援不至，勝乃慷慨白鎮將楊鈞，請告急于大軍。鈞許之，乃募勇敢少年，得十餘騎，夜潰圍出。賊追及之，勝曰：「我賀拔破胡也。」賊不敢逼。至朔州，白臨淮王彧以懷朔被圍之急。彧以勝辭義懇至，許以出師，還令報命。乃復攻圍而入，賊追之，射殺數人。至城下，大呼曰：「賀拔破胡與官軍至矣！」城中納之。鈞復遣勝出覘武川。武川已陷。勝乃馳還報懷朔。懷朔亦潰，勝父子遂為賊所虜。

Sheng, courtesy name Pohu, was ambitious from youth, skilled at shooting from horseback in either direction, and across the northern frontier none failed to respect his courage. When Wei Kehuai besieged Huaishuo, Sheng was serving as military commander under his uncle Dubo's command. Besieged for a year without relief, Sheng boldly told the garrison commander Yang Jun that he must carry word to the main forces. Jun agreed; Sheng recruited bold youths, gathered a dozen horsemen, and broke out by night. The rebels caught up; Sheng cried, "I am Heba Pohu!" The rebels dared not close in. He reached Shuozhou and told Prince Linhuai Yu how desperate Huaishuo's plight was. Moved by Sheng's earnest plea, Yu promised to march and sent him back with the answer. He fought back through the siege; pursued by rebels, he shot several dead. At the wall he shouted, "Heba Pohu and the imperial army are here!" The city let him in. Jun sent Sheng out again to scout Wuchuan. Wuchuan had already fallen. Sheng galloped back to report at Huaishuo. Huaishuo too was lost; Sheng and his father were taken by the rebels.

尋而襲殺可瑰，眾令勝馳告朔州，未反而度拔已卒。刺史費穆奇勝才略，厚禮留之，委以兵事。時廣陽王深在五原，為破六韓賊所圍，召勝為軍主。以功拜統軍。又隸僕射元纂鎮恆州。時有鮮于河胡擁朔州流人南下為寇，恆州城人應之。勝與兄允弟岳相失，勝南投肆州，允、嶽投爾硃榮。榮與肆州刺史尉慶賓構隙，引嶽攻肆州，陷。榮得勝，大悅曰：「吾得卿兄弟，天下不足定。」勝兄弟三人，遂委質事榮。

Soon they ambushed and killed Kehuai; the crowd sent Sheng to ride to Shuozhou with the news, but before he returned Dubo was already dead. Regional Inspector Fei Mu admired Sheng's ability, honored him lavishly, kept him, and put him in charge of troops. Prince Shen of Guangyang was then at Wuyuan, besieged by Poha Han's rebels, and made Sheng his military commander. For his service he was made commander. He then served under Vice Director Yuan Zuan at Heng Province. Xianyu Hehu then led Shuozhou refugees south to plunder, and the townspeople of Heng Province rose in support. Sheng lost contact with his brothers Yun and Yue; he fled south to Sizhou while Yun and Yue joined Erzhu Rong. Rong quarreled with Sizhou's Regional Inspector Wei Qingbin and brought in Yue to attack the province, which fell. Rong gained Sheng and exclaimed, "With you brothers, conquering the realm would be easy." All three brothers then pledged themselves to Rong.

時杜洛周據幽、定，葛榮據冀、瀛。榮謂勝曰：「並陘險要，我之東門，欲屈君鎮之，如何？」勝曰：「是所願也。」榮乃表勝鎮井陘，以所乘大馬並銀鞍遺之。及榮入洛，以預定策立孝莊帝功，封易陽縣伯。後元天穆北征葛榮，大破之。時杜洛周餘燼韓樓在薊城結聚，以勝為大都督，鎮中山，樓讋勝威名，竟不敢南寇。元顥入洛陽，榮徵勝，使與爾硃兆自硤石度，大破顥軍，禽其子冠受，遂前驅入洛。進爵真定縣公。及榮死，勝與田怡等奔赴榮第，時宮殿之門未加嚴防，怡等議即攻門。勝止之曰：「天子既行大事，必當更有奇謀，吾眾旅不多，何輕爾！」怡乃止。及世隆夜走，勝隨至河橋。勝以為臣無仇君之義，遂勒所部還都。莊帝大悅。仲遠逼東郡，詔以本官假驃騎大將軍、東征都督，率騎一千，會鄭先護討之，為先護所疑，置之營外，人馬未得休息。俄而仲遠兵至，與戰不利，降之。復與爾硃氏同謀立節閔帝，以功拜右衛將軍。及爾硃氏將討齊神武，勝時從爾硃度律。度律與兆不平。勝以臨敵構隙，取敗之道，乃與斛斯椿詣兆營和之，反為兆所執。度律大懼，引軍還。兆將斬勝，數之曰：「爾殺可環，罪一也；天柱薨後，不與世隆等俱來而東征仲遠，罪二也。我欲殺爾久矣！」勝曰：「可環作逆，勝父子誅之，其功不小，反以為罪。天柱被戮，以君誅臣，勝甯負王，不負朝廷。今日之事，生死在王。但去賊密邇，內構嫌隙，自古迄今，未有不破亡者。勝不憚死，恐王失策。」兆乃舍之。勝既免，行百餘里，方追及度律。齊神武既克相州，兵威漸盛，於是兆及天光、仲遠、度律等眾十餘萬陣于韓陵。兆率鐵騎陷陣，出齊神武后，將乘其背而擊之。度律惡兆之驍悍，懼其陵己，勒兵不進。勝以其攜貳，遂以麾下降齊神武。度律軍以此先退，遂大敗。

Du Luozhou held You and Ding; Ge Rong held Ji and Ying. Rong told Sheng, "Bingxing Pass is the key to my eastern frontier. I would like you to hold it—will you? Sheng replied, "That is exactly what I wish." Rong memorialized that Sheng garrison Jingxing and gave him his own great horse with a silver saddle. When Rong entered Luoyang, Sheng was enfeoffed Baron of Yiyang County for helping enthrone Emperor Zhuang. Later Yuan Tianmu marched north against Ge Rong and routed him. Han Lou, last remnant of Du Luozhou, gathered at Ji; Sheng was made Grand Commander at Zhongshan, and Lou, fearing his name, never dared march south. When Yuan Hao entered Luoyang, Rong recalled Sheng; with Erzhu Zhao he crossed at the Stone Ford, crushed Hao's army, captured his son Guanshou, and drove ahead into Luoyang. His rank was raised to Duke of Zhending County. When Rong died, Sheng ran with Tian Yi and others to Rong's mansion; the palace gates were not yet heavily guarded, and Yi urged an immediate assault. Sheng stopped them: "The emperor has already struck; he surely has more in mind. We are few—how can we be so reckless!" Yi held back. When Shilong fled by night, Sheng followed to Heqiao Bridge. Sheng held that a subject owes no feud against his sovereign and led his men back to the capital. Emperor Zhuang was overjoyed. When Erzhu Zhongyuan threatened Dong Commandery, Sheng was made acting General of Agile Cavalry and Eastern Campaign Commander with a thousand horsemen to join Zheng Xianhu; Xianhu distrusted him, kept him outside the camp, and gave his men no rest. Soon Zhongyuan's army arrived; defeated, Sheng surrendered. He again conspired with the Erzhu to enthrone Emperor Jiemin and was made General of the Right Guard. When the Erzhu prepared to march against Gao Huan, Sheng was with Erzhu Dulü. Dulü and Zhao were estranged. Sheng judged that quarreling before battle invited defeat; he went with Chun to Zhao's camp to reconcile them, but Zhao seized him instead. Dulü was terrified and withdrew his army. Zhao was about to kill Sheng and listed his offenses: "You killed Kehuai—that is the first crime; after the Pillar of Heaven died you did not march east with Shilong but campaigned against Zhongyuan—that is the second. I have wanted you dead for a long time! Sheng replied, "Kehuai rebelled; my father and I killed him—a great service, yet you call it a crime. When the Pillar of Heaven was killed, a subject struck down his lord; I would rather wrong the king than wrong the throne. As for today, my life is in your hands. Yet with the foe upon you and strife within, none from antiquity to today have escaped ruin. I do not fear death, but I fear you will lose your way." Zhao spared him. Freed, Sheng rode more than a hundred li before he overtook Dulü. Once Gao Huan took Xiangzhou his power grew; Zhao, Tianguang, Zhongyuan, Dulü, and others then drew up more than a hundred thousand men at Hanling. Zhao led iron cavalry through the line, circled behind Gao Huan, and was poised to strike his rear. Dulü resented Zhao's fierceness, feared being overshadowed, and held his men back. Seeing this wavering, Sheng lowered his standard and went over to Gao Huan. Dulü's wing withdrew first, and the army was routed.

太昌初，以勝為領軍將軍，尋除侍中。孝武帝將圖齊神武，以勝弟岳擁眾關西，欲廣其勢援，乃拜都督、荊州刺史、驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司、南道大行台、尚書左僕射。勝多所克捷，沔北蕩為丘墟。梁武帝敕其子雍州刺史續曰：「賀拔勝北間驍將，爾宜慎之，勿與爭鋒。」續遂城守不敢出。尋進位尚書令，進爵琅邪郡公。

Early in Taichang he was made General of the Palace Guard, then Palace Attendant. Emperor Xiaowu planned to move against Gao Huan; because Sheng's younger brother Yue commanded a large force in Guanzhong, he sought to strengthen that pillar and appointed Sheng Commander-in-Chief, Regional Inspector of Jing Province, General of Agile Cavalry, Grand Master with Golden Tally and Equal in Honor to the Three Dukes with an independent office, Grand Branch Censorate of the Southern Route, and Left Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs. Sheng won victory after victory, and the country north of the Mian was laid waste. Emperor Wu of Liang instructed his son Xu, Regional Inspector of Yong Province: "Heba Sheng is a ferocious northern commander—be careful; do not meet him head-on." Xu then shut himself in the city and dared not come out. He was soon made Director of the Department of State Affairs and ennobled as Duke of Langye.

及齊神武與孝武帝有隙，詔勝引兵赴洛，至廣州，猶豫未進，而帝已入關。勝還軍南陽，遣右丞楊休之奉表入關，又令府長史元穎行州事，勝自率所部，將西赴關中。進至浙陽，詔授勝太保、錄尚書事。聞齊神武已平潼關，禽毛鴻賓，勝乃還荊州。州人鄧誕執元穎，引齊師。時齊神武已遣行台侯景、大都督高敖曹赴之，勝敗，中流矢，奔梁。在南三年，梁武帝遇之甚厚。勝乞師北討齊神武，既不果，乃求還。梁武帝許之，親餞於南苑。勝自是之後，每執弓矢，見鳥獸南向者，皆不射之，以申懷德之意。既至長安，詣闕謝罪。魏帝握勝手，噓欷久之，曰：「初平西徙，永嘉南度，漢、晉皆爾。事乃關天，非公之咎也。」乃授太師。從周文帝禽竇泰于小關。攻弘農。下河北，禽郡守孫晏。摧破東魏軍于沙苑，奔追至河上。仍與李弼別攻河東，略定汾、絳。河橋之役，勝大破東魏軍，周文令勝收其降卒而還。及齊神武率眾攻玉壁，勝以前軍大都督從周文。見齊武旗鼓，識之，乃募敢勇三千人，配勝以犯其軍。勝適與神武遇，連叱而字之曰：「賀六渾，賀拔破胡必殺汝也！」時勝持槊追神武數里，刃垂及之，神武汗流，氣殆盡。會勝馬為流矢所中，死。比副騎至，神武已逸去。勝歎曰：「今日之事，吾不執弓矢者，天也！」

When Gao Huan and Emperor Xiaowu quarreled, Sheng was ordered to march on Luoyang; at Guangzhou he lingered without advancing, and the emperor had already fled into Guanzhong. Sheng pulled back to Nanyang, sent Right Assistant Director Yang Xiuzhi with a memorial into Guanzhong, put his chief clerk Yuan Ying in charge of the province, and himself led his men west toward Guanzhong. When he reached Zheyang, an edict made him Grand Guardian and Recorder of the Department of State Affairs. Learning that Gao Huan had taken Tong Pass and captured Mao Hongbin, Sheng turned back to Jing Province. Deng Dan of the province seized Yuan Ying and ushered in the Qi forces. Gao Huan had already dispatched Branch Censor Hou Jing and Grand Commander Gao Aocao; Sheng was beaten, wounded by a stray arrow, and fled to Liang. For three years in the south Emperor Wu of Liang treated him with exceptional kindness. Sheng asked for an army to strike north at Gao Huan; denied, he sought to go home. Emperor Wu agreed and personally saw him off at the Southern Park. After that, whenever he hunted, he would not shoot any bird or beast facing south—to show his gratitude to Liang. On reaching Chang'an he presented himself at court to answer for his conduct. The Wei emperor clasped Sheng's hand and wept a long while. "When Jianping drove the court west and Yongjia drove it south, Han and Jin alike knew such days, this was Heaven's doing, not your fault." He then made him Grand Preceptor. With Emperor Wen of Zhou he captured Dou Tai at Xiaoguan. He attacked Hongnong. He seized Hebei and took the prefect Sun Yan. He broke the Eastern Wei army at Shayuan and chased the rout to the Yellow River. With Li Bi he then struck Hedong on a separate front and brought Fen and Jiang under control. At Heqiao Sheng routed the Eastern Wei army; Emperor Wen had him gather the prisoners and withdraw. When Gao Huan besieged Yubi, Sheng followed Emperor Wen as commander of the vanguard. He spotted Gao Huan's banners, recognized them, raised three thousand daredevils, and gave them to Sheng to hit the enemy line. Sheng ran straight into Gao Huan and, shouting his childhood name, cried, "He Liu hun—Heba Pohu will kill you yet!" With spear in hand he chased Gao Huan for miles; the point nearly found him—Gao Huan ran drenched in sweat, his breath almost gone. Then a stray arrow killed Sheng's horse. By the time his escort caught up, Gao Huan was gone. Sheng sighed, "Today I could not keep my bow in play—that was Heaven's will!"

是歲，勝諸子在東者，皆為神武所害。勝憤恨，因動氣疾，大統十年，薨於位。臨終，手書與周文曰：「勝萬里杖策，歸身闕庭，冀望與公掃除逋寇。不幸殞斃，微志不申。若死而有知，猶望魂飛賊庭，以報恩遇耳。」周文覽書，流涕久之。勝長於喪亂之中，尤工武藝，走馬射飛鳥，十中其五六。周文每云：「諸將對敵，神色皆動，唯賀拔公臨陣如平常，真大勇也。」自居重任，始愛墳籍，乃招引文儒，討論義理。性又通率，重義輕財，身死之日，唯有隨身兵仗及書千卷而已。

That year Gao Huan killed every son of Sheng still in the east. Wrath and grief brought on a wasting illness; in the tenth year of Datong he died in office. Near death he wrote to Emperor Wen: "I rode ten thousand li home to your court, hoping we might together scourge the remnant foe. Instead I die here, my small wish unfulfilled. If the dead have knowledge, I would still send my soul to the enemy camp to repay your kindness." Emperor Wen read it and wept a long while. Raised in chaos, he excelled in arms; galloping, he could bring down five or six birds in ten shots. Emperor Wen often said, "Other generals change color in battle—only Lord Heba is as calm as at home; that is true courage." Once burdened with high office he took up the classics, gathered literati, and debated doctrine. Open and plain by nature, he prized honor over wealth; when he died he left only his weapons and a thousand books.

初，勝至關中，自以年位素重，見周文不拜。尋而自悔，周文亦有望焉。後從宴昆明池，時有雙鳧游池中，周文授弓矢於勝曰：「不見公射久矣，請以為歡。」勝射之，一發俱中。因拜曰：「使勝得奉神武，以討不庭，皆如此也。」周文悅，因是恩禮日重，勝亦盡誠推奉焉。贈太宰、錄尚書事，諡曰貞獻。明帝二年，以勝配饗文帝廟庭。

When Sheng first reached Guanzhong, he thought his years and rank entitled him and did not bow to Emperor Wen. He soon regretted it; Emperor Wen, too, had hopes for him. Later, at a feast on Kunming Pool, a pair of mandarin ducks swam by; Emperor Wen handed Sheng bow and arrows. "We have not seen you shoot in too long—gratify us." Sheng loosed once and dropped both. He bowed and said, "Had I served Gao Huan and marched against the rebellious, every shot would have been so." Emperor Wen was pleased; from then on favor deepened daily, and Sheng gave himself wholly to his service. He was posthumously made Grand Steward and Recorder of the Department of State Affairs, with the temple name Zhenxian. In the second year of Mingdi he was given a place in sacrifices at Emperor Wen's temple.

無子，以弟岳子仲華嗣。位開府儀同三司，襲爵琅邪公。大象末，位江陵總管。勝弟岳。

He had no sons; Yue's son Zhonghua succeeded him. He rose to Grand Master with Golden Tally and Equal in Honor to the Three Dukes with an independent office and inherited the dukedom of Langye. Late in Daxiang he became Commander-in-Chief of Jiangling. Sheng's younger brother Yue.

嶽字阿斗泥，少有大志，愛施好士。初為太學生。及長，能左右馳射，驍果絕人。不讀兵書，而暗與之合，識者咸異之。與父兄赴援懷朔，賊王衛可環在城西三百餘步，嶽乘城射之，箭中環臂，賊大駭。後廣陽王深以為帳內軍主，與兄勝俱鎮恆州。州陷，投爾硃榮，榮以為都督。每帳下與計事，多與榮意合。榮與元天穆謀入匡朝廷，問計于嶽。嶽曰：「夫非常之事，必俟非常之人。將軍士馬精強，位望隆重，若首舉義旗，伐叛匡救，何往不克，何向不摧！古人云：'朝謀不及夕，言發不俟駕。 '此之謂矣。」榮與天穆相顧良久，曰：「卿此言，真丈夫之論也。」

Yue, courtesy name Adouni, was ambitious from youth, generous, and fond of men of talent. He first studied at the Imperial Academy. Grown, he could shoot from the saddle to either hand; his daring was unmatched. He never read military manuals, yet his instincts matched them—those who knew him marveled. With his father and brother he relieved Huaishuo; the rebel Wang Weikehuai stood three hundred paces west of the wall; Yue shot from the ramparts and hit Kehuai's arm—the rebels panicked. Prince of Guangyang Shen later made him commander of his personal guard; he and Sheng garrisoned Heng Province together. When the province fell he joined Erzhu Rong, who made him a commander. In council under Rong's tent his views usually matched Rong's own. When Rong and Yuan Tianmu plotted to march on the capital and restore the throne, they asked Yue's counsel. Yue said, "An extraordinary deed demands an extraordinary man. Your troops are elite, your standing supreme—raise the righteous standard first, punish rebels and save the throne, and what could withstand you? The ancients said, 'Plans made at dawn may not survive till dusk; words once spoken need not wait for the chariot.' That is the sense." Rong and Tianmu exchanged a long look and said, "That is a man's talk indeed."

未幾，孝明帝暴崩，榮疑有故，乃舉兵赴洛。配嶽甲卒二千為先驅。至河陰，榮既殺朝士，因欲稱帝，疑未能決。岳乃從容致諫，榮尋亦自悟，乃尊立孝莊。以定策功，賜爵樊城鄉男。從榮破葛榮，平元顥，累遷左光祿大夫、武衛將軍。時万俟醜奴僭稱大號，關中騷動，榮將遣嶽討之。私謂其兄勝曰：「醜奴足為勍敵，若嶽往無功，罪責立至；假令克定，恐讒訴生焉。」乃請爾硃氏一人為元帥，岳副貳之。榮大悅，乃以天光為使持節、大都督、雍州刺史，以岳為左廂大都督，又以征西將軍侯莫陳悅為右廂大都督，並為天光之副，以討之。時赤水蜀賊兵斷路，天光眾不滿二千。及軍次潼關，天光有難色，嶽乃進破之於渭北，軍容大振。

Soon Emperor Xiaoming died suddenly; suspecting foul play, Rong marched on Luoyang. He gave Yue two thousand armored men as vanguard. At Heyin, after slaughtering the courtiers, Rong wished to take the throne himself but could not make up his mind. Yue remonstrated calmly; Rong soon saw his error and enthroned Emperor Xiaozhuang. For helping settle the succession he was made Baron of Fancheng Township. He followed Rong against Ge Rong and Yuan Hao and rose to Left Grand Master of Splendid Happiness and General of the Martial Guard. Moqi Chounu had proclaimed himself emperor and Guanzhong was in uproar; Rong meant to send Yue against him. In private he told Sheng, "Chounu is a formidable foe—if I fail, punishment follows at once; and even if I win, slander will surely follow." He therefore asked that an Erzhu lead the army while he served as second. Rong was delighted and appointed Tianguang Bearer of the Staff, Grand Commander, and Regional Inspector of Yong; Yue as commander of the left wing and Houmochen Yue of the right, both under Tianguang, to campaign against Chounu. Shu bandits of Chishui blocked the roads; Tianguang had fewer than two thousand men. At Tong Pass Tianguang looked uneasy; Yue advanced, routed the enemy north of the Wei, and the army's spirit soared.

時醜奴自圍岐州，遣其大行台尉遲菩薩、僕射万俟行醜同向武功，南度渭水，攻圍趨柵。天光遣嶽率千騎赴援。菩薩攻柵已克，率步騎二萬至渭北。嶽以輕騎數十，與菩薩隔水交言。岳稱揚國威，菩薩乃自驕，令省事傳語。省事恃水，應答不遜。嶽怒，舉弓射之，應弦而倒。時已逼暮，於是各還。岳于渭南傍水，分精兵數十為一處，隨地形勢置之。明日，將百餘騎，隔水與賊相見，且並東行。嶽漸前進，先所置騎，隨嶽而集，騎既漸增，賊不復測其多少。行二十許裏，至水淺可濟處，岳便馳馬東出，似欲奔遁。賊謂嶽走，乃棄步兵，南度渭水，輕騎追嶽。岳東行十餘里，依橫岡設伏兵以待之，身先士卒，急擊之，賊便退走。嶽號令所部，賊下馬者皆不聽殺。賊顧見之，便悉投馬。俄虜三千人。馬亦無遺，遂禽菩薩。仍度渭北，降步卒萬餘。醜奴尋棄岐州，北走安定。天光方自雍至，與嶽合勢。宣言今氣候已熱，非征討之時，待至秋涼，更圖進取。醜奴聞之，遂以為實，分遣諸軍散營農於岐州北百里網川。使太尉侯伏侯元進據險立柵。嶽知其勢分，密與天光嚴備。昧旦，攻圍元進柵，拔之，即禽元進，自余諸柵悉降。又輕騎追醜奴，及之於平涼之長坑，一戰禽之。高平城中又執蕭寶夤以歸。

Chounu was besieging Qi Province and sent his Grand Branch Censor Yuchi Pusa and Vice Director Moqi Xingchou toward Wugong; crossing the Wei south, they assaulted the stockade at Qu. Tianguang sent Yue with a thousand horsemen to relieve the post. Pusa had already taken the stockade and brought twenty thousand foot and horse to the north bank of the Wei. Yue took a few dozen light horsemen and parleyed with Pusa across the river. Yue proclaimed the empire's might; Pusa grew haughty and sent a clerk to answer. The clerk, safe across the water, replied insolently. Yue in anger shot him down at the twang of the bow. Dusk was near; both sides withdrew. South of Weinan along the Wei, Yue hid picked men in dozens of small groups, placed to suit the ground. Next day he led a little over a hundred horsemen, showed himself across the river, and drifted east with the enemy in view. As Yue edged forward, his hidden riders joined him one by one; the column swelled until the enemy could no longer tell how many he had. After some twenty li they came to a shallow ford; Yue suddenly spurred east as if to flee. The rebels thought him routed, dropped their infantry, crossed the Wei, and chased with light horse. Ten li farther east he ambushed them along a ridge, led the charge himself, and drove them back. Yue ordered his men not to kill any rebel who dismounted. Seeing this, the rebels all leapt from their horses. In moments they took three thousand prisoners. Not a horse was left; they captured Pusa. They crossed back north of the Wei and accepted the surrender of more than ten thousand foot. Chounu soon abandoned Qi Province and fled north to Anding. Tianguang had just come up from Yong and joined forces with Yue. They announced that the heat had come and the season was no time for war; they would wait for autumn's cool and then plan their next move. Chounu believed them, sent his armies to scatter and farm in Wangchuan, a hundred li north of Qizhou. He posted Grand Marshal Houfu Hou Yuanjin on the heights behind palisades. Yue saw their strength was split and quietly made ready with Tianguang. At dawn they stormed Yuanjin's camp, seized it, and took Yuanjin himself; every other palisade submitted. Light horse then ran Chounu down to Changkeng in Pingliang and took him in one fight. Gaoping too seized Xiao Baoyin and delivered him up.

賊行台万俟道洛退保牽屯，嶽攻之。道洛敗入隴，投略陽賊帥王慶雲。以道洛驍果絕倫，得之甚喜，以為將。天光又與嶽度隴，至慶雲所居永洛城。慶雲、道洛頻出城拒戰，並禽之，餘眾皆悉坑之。三秦、河、渭、瓜、涼、鄯州咸來歸款。賊帥夏州人宿勤明達降復叛，嶽又討禽之。天光雖為元帥，而岳功效居多，進封樊城縣伯。尋詔岳都督、涇州刺史，進爵為公。天光入洛，使嶽行雍州事。普泰初，除都督、岐州刺史，進清水郡公，尋加侍中，給後部鼓吹。進位開府儀同三司兼尚書左僕射、隴右行台，仍停高平。後以隴中猶有土人不順，岳助侯莫陳悅，所在討平之。二年，加都督、雍州刺史。天光將拒齊神武，遣問計于嶽。嶽曰：「莫若且鎮關中，以固根本。」天光不從，後果敗。嶽率軍下隴赴雍，禽天光弟顯壽以應齊神武。

The rebel commissioner Moqi Daoluo fell back on Qiantun; Yue assailed him. Daoluo, beaten, crossed into Long and sought refuge with the Lueyang rebel Wang Qingyun. Qingyun was delighted to have so peerless a fighter and made him his general. Tianguang and Yue crossed Long again and came to Yongluo, Qingyun's seat. Qingyun and Daoluo sallied again and again and were both taken; the remainder were put to the sword and buried in the pits. The Three Qins and the provinces of He, Wei, Gua, Liang, and Shan all tendered allegiance. The Xiazhou rebel Suqin Mingda surrendered, then rose again; Yue marched out and took him. Tianguang held the supreme command, yet most of the credit was Yue's; Yue was raised to Marquis of Fancheng. An edict soon named him Area Commander and Inspector of Jing, with the rank of duke. When Tianguang went to Luoyang, Yue was left to govern Yong. In the first year of Putai he became Area Commander and Inspector of Qi, was made Duke of Qingshui, and soon received the post of Attendant-in-Ordinary with an imperial band. He rose to Bearer of the Staff Equal to the Three Excellencies, with concurrent posts as Left Vice Director and Commissioner for Longyou, and still kept his base at Gaoping. When native leaders in Long still held out, Yue aided Houmochen Yue in hunting them down wherever they appeared. In year two he was also named Area Commander and Inspector of Yong. As Tianguang prepared to face Gao Huan, he asked Yue's advice. Yue said, "Hold Guanzhong first and shore up your base." Tianguang would not heed him and was ruined. Yue marched down from Long to Yong, seized Tianguang's brother Xianshou, and threw in with Gao Huan.

及孝武即位，加關中大行台。永熙二年，孝武密令岳圖齊神武，遂刺心血，持以寄嶽。嶽懼，乃自詣北境，安置邊防，率眾趨平涼西界，布營數十里，托以牧馬于原州，為自安之計。先是，費也頭万俟受洛幹、鐵勒斛律沙門、解拔彌俄突、紇豆陵伊利等擁眾自守，至是皆款附。秦、南秦、河、渭四州刺史又會平涼，受嶽節度。唯靈州刺史曹泥不應召，通使于齊神武。神武乃遣左丞翟嵩使至關中，間岳及侯莫陣悅。三年，嶽召悅會于高平，將討曹泥，令悅前驅，而悅受神武指，密圖嶽。嶽弗之知，而先又輕悅，悅乃誘岳入營，共論兵事。悅詐云腹痛，起而徐行，令其婿元洪景斬岳於幕中。朝野莫不痛惜之。贈侍中、太傅、錄尚書事、都督關中二十州諸軍事、大將軍、雍州刺史，諡曰武莊。翟嵩復命于神武，神武下床鳴其頰曰：「除吾病者，卿也，何日忘之！」後岳部下收岳屍，葬於雍州北石安原，葬以王禮。

When Emperor Xiaowu ascended, Yue was made Grand Commissioner of Guanzhong as well. In Yongxi year two the emperor secretly charged Yue to move against Gao Huan and pricked his own heart's blood to send as pledge. Afraid, Yue went north himself, set the frontier in order, and led his men to Pingliang's western border, where he strung camps along dozens of li, claiming to graze horses at Yuanzhou while he looked to his own safety. Before this Moqi Shouluogan of the Feituo, Hulu Shamen of the Tiele, Mie'etuo of the Xianbei, Yili of the Gedouling, and other chiefs who had held their peoples apart now all tendered allegiance. The inspectors of Qin, Southern Qin, He, and Wei met again at Pingliang and placed themselves under Yue. Only Cao Ni of Lingzhou ignored the call and opened correspondence with Gao Huan. Gao Huan sent his Left Assistant Director Zhai Song to Guanzhong to probe Yue and Houmochen Yue. In year three Heba Yue called Houmochen Yue to Gaoping to strike Cao Ni and set him in the van; yet Houmochen Yue had taken Gao Huan's cue and was secretly plotting Heba Yue's death. Heba Yue knew nothing of it and had long held Houmochen Yue cheap; Houmochen Yue lured him into camp on the pretext of discussing strategy. Houmochen Yue feigned a bellyache, rose and strolled away, and had his son-in-law Yuan Hongjing strike Heba Yue down in the tent. Court and country mourned him alike. He was posthumously made Attendant-in-Ordinary, Grand Tutor, and Recorder of the Masters of Writing, with command over twenty Guanzhong provinces as Grand General and Inspector of Yong, posthumous name Martial and Solemn. Zhai Song returned to Gao Huan, who stepped from his couch and struck his own cheek, crying, "You cured my sickness—when shall I forget you!" Later Yue's men recovered his body and buried him at Shianyuan north of Yong with royal honors.

子緯嗣，拜開府儀同三司。周保定中，錄嶽舊德，進爵霍國公，尚周文帝女。

His son Wei succeeded him and received the Staff Equal to the Three Excellencies. Under Zhou Baoding his father's merit was remembered: he was made Duke of Huo and wed a daughter of Emperor Wen of Zhou.

侯莫陳悅，代人也。父婆羅門為駝牛都尉，故悅長於河西。好田獵，便騎射，會牧子作亂，遂歸爾硃榮。榮引為府長流參軍。莊帝初，除金紫光祿大夫，封柏人縣侯。爾硃天光之討關西，榮以悅為天光右廂大都督。西伐克獲，皆與天光、賀拔嶽略同。除鄯州刺史。爾硃榮死後，亦隨天光下隴。元曄立，進爵為公，改封白水郡公。普泰中，除秦州刺史。天光之東出，將抗齊神武，悅與嶽下隴以應神武，至雍州，會爾硃覆敗。永熙初，加開府儀同三司、都督隴右諸軍事，仍兼秦州刺史。三年，嶽召悅共討曹泥，悅誘嶽斬之。嶽左右奔散，悅遣人安慰，眾皆畏服。悅心猶豫，不即撫納，乃還入隴，止永洛城。岳所部聚於平涼，規還圖悅。周文帝時為夏州刺史，眾遣奉迎。周文至，遂總嶽部眾並家口入高平城，以自安固。乃勒眾入隴征悅。悅聞之，棄城南據山水之險。悅先召南秦州刺史李景和。其夜景和遣人詣周文，密許翻降。至暮，景和乃勒其所部，使上驢駝，云：「儀同有教，欲還秦州，守以拒賊。」復給帳下云：「儀同欲還秦州，汝等何不裝辦？」眾謂言實，以次相驚，皆散趣秦州。景和先馳至城，據門以慰輯之。悅部眾離散，猜畏傍人，不聽左右近己。與其二弟井兒及謀殺嶽者八九人，棄軍迸走，數日之中，盤回往來，不知所趣。左右勸向靈州，而悅不決。言下隴後恐為人見，乃放馬山中，令從者悉步，自乘一騾，欲往靈州。中路追騎將及，縊死野中。弟息部下，悉見禽殺。唯先謀殺嶽者悅中兵參軍豆盧光，走至靈州，後奔晉陽。悅自殺嶽後，精神恍惚，不復如常。恆言：「我睡即夢嶽語我'兄欲何處去？ '隨逐我不相置。」因此彌不自安，而致敗滅。

Houmochen Yue came from Dai. His father Boluomen had been Commandant of the Camel Herds, and Yue was raised in Hexi. He loved the chase and rode and shot with ease; when the pastoral peoples rebelled he entered Erzhu Rong's service. Rong made him Senior Adjutant on his staff. When Emperor Zhuang came to the throne he was made Grand Master of Splendid Happiness and Marquis of Boren. When Erzhu Tianguang marched on Guanxi, Rong named Yue Grand Commander of his right wing. In the western wars his victories matched those of Tianguang and Heba Yue. He was made Inspector of Shan. After Rong's death he followed Tianguang down from Long. When Yuan Ye was enthroned he was raised to duke and enfeoffed as Duke of Baishui. Under Putai he became Inspector of Qin. When Tianguang went east to face Gao Huan, Houmochen Yue and Heba Yue descended from Long to join Gao Huan and reached Yong as the Erzhu house collapsed. At the start of Yongxi he received the Staff Equal to the Three Excellencies and command over Longyou while retaining Qin. In year three Heba Yue called him to join the strike on Cao Ni; Houmochen Yue lured him in and killed him. Yue's men broke and fled; Yue sent word to calm them, and the army bowed in fear. His heart wavered; he did not rally them at once but withdrew into Long and held Yongluo. Yue's old command massed at Pingliang and planned to turn on Houmochen Yue. The future Emperor Wen of Zhou was then Inspector of Xia, and the troops sent to bring him in. When Zhou Wen came he took over Yue's soldiers and families and shut them within Gaoping to make himself safe. He then led the army into Long against Houmochen Yue. Hearing this, Houmochen Yue abandoned the city and clung to the mountain passes. Yue had already called up Li Jinghe, Inspector of Southern Qin. That night Jinghe sent a man to Zhou Wen and secretly pledged to defect. At dusk Jinghe mustered his men, had them mount asses and camels, and announced, "Our commander orders us back to Qin to hold the province against the enemy." He told his tent guard, "The commander is returning to Qin—why haven't you packed?" The men believed him; panic ran down the ranks and they broke for Qin. Jinghe raced ahead, seized the gate, and calmed the fugitives as they arrived. Yue's force melted away; paranoid and afraid, he would let no one approach. With his brothers Jing'er and the eight or nine who had killed Yue he abandoned the army and fled; for days they circled the hills without knowing where to turn. His companions urged Lingzhou, but he could not make up his mind. Fearing eyes on the road down from Long, he turned his horses loose in the hills, made his men walk, and rode a mule alone toward Lingzhou. Pursuers were closing in; he hanged himself in the open country. His brothers, sons, and men were all taken and slain. Only Dou Lu Guang, the staff adjutant who had struck the first blow against Yue, escaped to Ling and later fled to Jinyang. After he killed Heba Yue his mind never settled; he was not himself again. He kept saying, "When I sleep Heba Yue comes to me in dreams: 'Brother, where are you going? He dogs my steps and will not let me be." The more he brooded, the less peace he had, until ruin took him.

念賢，字蓋盧，金城枹罕人也。父求就，以大家子戍武川鎮，仍家焉。賢美容質，頗涉經史。為兒童時，在學中讀書，有善相者過學，諸生競詣之。賢獨不往，笑謂諸生曰：「男兒死生富貴，皆在天也，何遽相乎！」少遭父憂，居喪有孝稱。後以破衛可環功，除別將，又以軍功封屯留縣伯。從爾硃榮入洛，兼尚書右僕射、東道行台，進爵平恩縣公。永熙中，孝武以賢為中軍北向大都督，進爵安定郡公，加侍中、開府儀同三司。大統初，拜太尉，為秦州刺史，加太傅，給後部鼓吹。三年，轉太師、都督、河州刺史、大將軍。久之還朝，兼錄尚書事。後與廣陵王欣、扶風王季等同為正直侍中。時行殿初成，未有題目，帝詔近侍各名之，對者非一，莫允帝心。賢乃為「圓極」，帝笑曰：「正與朕意同。」即名之。河橋之役，賢不力戰，乃先還，自是名頗減。五年，除都督、秦州刺史，薨于州。諡曰昭定。賢于諸公，皆為父党，自周文以下，咸拜敬之。

Nianxian, styled Gailu, came from Fuhan in Jincheng. His father Qiujiu, born to a great clan, was posted to Wuchuan and settled his family there. Nianxian was fair of face and had read widely in the classics and histories. As a boy in school a fortune-teller passed by; the pupils all crowded to have their fortunes read. Nianxian alone stayed back and laughed at them: "Life, death, wealth, and rank are Heaven's to give—why rush to a stranger's guess!" He lost his father young and was praised for the mourning he kept. For breaking the Rouran chief Kehuan he was made Separate Commander; further victories won him the earldom of Tunliu. He followed Erzhu Rong to Luoyang as Right Vice Director and Commissioner of the Eastern Circuit and was made Duke of Ping'en. Under Yongxi Emperor Xiaowu named him Grand Commander of the Center Army facing north, Duke of Anding, Attendant-in-Ordinary, and Bearer of the Staff Equal to the Three Excellencies. At the opening of Datong he became Grand Commandant and Inspector of Qin, with the Grand Tutorship and an imperial band. In year three he became Grand Preceptor, Area Commander, Inspector of He, and Grand General. After long service in the provinces he returned to court as Recorder of the Masters of Writing. He later served as Upright Attendant-in-Ordinary alongside Princes Xin of Guangling and Ji of Fufeng. When the traveling hall was newly built it bore no name; the emperor asked his intimates each to propose one. Many titles were offered, none to his liking. Nianxian proposed "Round Ultimate"; the emperor smiled and said, "That is precisely my thought. He at once gave the hall that name. At Heqiao he did not press the fight and withdrew early; his standing never quite recovered. In year five he was made Area Commander and Inspector of Qin and died in that post. His posthumous name was Bright and Settled. Among the great lords he counted as their fathers' generation; from Zhou Wen down all showed him the bow due an elder.

子華，性和厚，有長者風。官至開府儀同三司、合州刺史。

His son Zihua was gentle and steadfast, with the dignified air of a man of years. He rose to Grand Master of the Palace, rank equal to the Three Excellencies, and served as Regional Inspector of He Province.

梁覽，字景睿，金城人也。其先出自安定，避難走西羌，世為部落酋帥。曾祖穆，以枹罕城歸吐谷渾，後又歸魏，封臨洮公。祖顥，為尚書，封南安公。父釗，河華二州刺史，封新陽縣伯。覽家世豪富，貲累千金。孝昌初，秦州莫折念生、胡琛等反，散財招募，有二千人，鎮河州。從大軍平賊，曆涼、河二州刺史，封安德縣侯。覽既為本州刺史，盛修甲仗，人馬精銳。吐谷渾憚不敢出，皆曰：「梁公在，未可行也。」永安中，詔大鴻臚琅邪王皓就策授世為河州刺史。永熙中，改封郡公。大統二年，加太尉。其年，覽從弟ＧＣ定反，欲圖覽，覽與數戰未能平，王師至，始破之。四年，遷太傅。及河橋之役，王師敗，時病留長安，趙青雀反北城，覽為之謀主。事平，乃見殺。

Liang Lan, whose style was Jingrui, came from Jincheng. His ancestors were from Anding; fleeing turmoil they took refuge among the Western Qiang, where for generations they led their tribes as chieftains. His great-grandfather Mu yielded Baohen to Tuyuhun, then came over to Wei and was made Duke of Lintao. His grandfather Hao held the post of Minister of the Masters of Writing and was enfeoffed Duke of Nan'an. His father Zhao was Regional Inspector of He and Hua and held the county marquisate of Xinyang. The Lan family had been wealthy for generations, their riches reckoned in thousands of gold. Early in the Xiaochang era, when Moqi Niansheng of Qin and Hu Chen and others rose in revolt, Lan spent his fortune to raise troops—two thousand men—and held He Province. He marched with the main forces to crush the rebels, served successively as Regional Inspector of Liang and He, and was enfeoffed Marquis of Ande. As native governor, he heavily outfitted arms and armor; his men and horses were trained and sharp. Tuyuhun dared not stir; everyone said, "With Lord Liang on the frontier, nothing can be done. During Yongan, the emperor ordered the Grand Master of Ceremonies Wang Hao of Langye to go and invest his line with the hereditary governorship of He Province. In the Yongxi era he was raised to a duke. In the second year of Datong he was made Grand Commandant. That same year his cousin Liang Xingding rebelled and plotted his death; Lan fought him repeatedly without success until the central army arrived and broke the revolt. Four years later he was promoted to Grand Tutor. When the Heqiao campaign ended in defeat, Lan, sick and left in Chang'an, became chief strategist to Zhao Qingque, who rose in the north city. When the rising was put down, he was executed.

子鸛雀，位儀同三司、大都督，後坐事免，死。

His son Guanque held the ranks of Pusang and Grand Commander; later he was dismissed for an offense and died.

雷紹，字道宗，武川鎮人也。九歲而孤。有膂力，善騎射。年十八，給事鎮府。嘗使洛陽。見京都禮義之美，還謂同僚曰：「徒知邊備尚武，以圖富貴；不謂文學，身之寶也。生世不學，其猶穴處，何所見焉？」遂逃歸，辭母求師。經年，通《孝經》、《論語》。嘗讀書至人行莫大於孝，乃投卷歎曰：「吾離違侍養，非人子之道。」即還鄉里，躬耕奉養。遭母憂，哀毀骨立，由是知名。鎮將召補鎮佐。後隨賀拔嶽征討，為岳長史。岳有大事，常訪而後行。及齊神武起兵，岳恥居其下。紹乃勸岳迎孝武西都長安，以順討逆。嶽曰：「吾本意也。」後岳信諸將言，欲保關中，坐觀成敗。紹知計不用，請為邊州，建功效。嶽曰：「君有毗佐之力，當總大州。」遂以紹為京兆太守。清平理物，甚得人和。在郡逾年，嶽被害。初，紹見岳數與侯莫陳悅宴語，嘗謂嶽曰：「公其慎之！」嶽不從，果及於難。紹乃棄郡，馳赴嶽軍，與寇洛等迎周文帝。悅平，以功授大都督、涼州刺史。紹請留所領兵以助東討，請單騎赴州。刺史李叔仁擁州逆命，紹遂歸。永熙三年，以紹為渭州刺史，進爵昌國伯。初，紹為岳長史，周文為岳左丞，及居相，常以恩舊接之。卒於州。

Lei Shao, style Daozong, was from Wuchuan Garrison. He was orphaned at nine. He was powerfully built and excelled at horsemanship and archery. At eighteen he entered service at the garrison seat. Once he was sent to Luoyang. Struck by the refinement of the capital, he told his comrades on returning, "We frontier folk think only of arms and valor to win fortune; we never reckon that learning is a man's true wealth. To live unlettered in this world is to live in a burrow—what can you ever see? He fled home, bade farewell to his mother, and went in search of instruction. Within a year he had mastered the 《Classic of Filial Piety》 and the 《Analects》. Reading once that nothing in human conduct surpasses filial piety, he flung down his book and cried, "I have abandoned my mother—what son acts so? At once he went home to farm and support her himself. When his mother died, he mourned until he was skin and bone, and his fame began from that. The garrison commander called him to serve as a staff officer. He later followed He Bayue on campaign and became Yue's chief clerk. On weighty matters Yue always sought his counsel before acting. When Qi Shenwu took up arms, Yue could not bear to rank below him. Shao urged Yue to welcome Emperor Xiaowu west to Chang'an and strike down the rebel from a righteous position. Yue said, "That has been my intent all along. Later Yue listened to his generals and chose to hold Guanzhong, sitting out the contest. Knowing his counsel was ignored, Shao asked for a border post where he could earn merit. Yue said, "You have the makings of a chief adviser; you should govern a great province. He thereupon made Shao Governor of Jingzhao. He governed with clarity and won the people's trust. After a year in office, Yue was murdered. Earlier Shao had seen Yue feast repeatedly with Houmo Chenyue and warned him, "My lord, take care! Yue would not listen—and came to disaster. Shao abandoned his post and rode to Yue's camp to join Kou Luo and others in welcoming Zhou Wendi. After Chenyue was subdued, he was rewarded with the posts of Grand Commander and Regional Inspector of Liang. Shao asked to leave his troops for the eastern campaign and ride alone to take up his province. Provincial governor Li Shuren held Liang in rebellion, so Shao turned back. In the third year of Yongxi he was appointed Regional Inspector of Wei and raised to Marquis of Changguo. Once Shao had been Yue's chief clerk while Zhou Wen was his left aide; when Zhou Wen became chancellor, he treated Shao as an old friend. He died in office.

紹性好施，祿賜皆分贍親故，及死日，無以送終。兼敬信佛道，遣敕其子曰：「吾本鄉葬法，必殺犬馬，於亡者無益。汝宜斷之，斂以時服，事從約儉。」還葬長安，天子素服臨吊，贈太尉，賜東園秘器。子渙。

Shao was generous by nature; he gave away salaries and gifts to kin and friends, and at his death there was nothing left for his funeral. He also revered the Buddhist faith and left his son word: "Our native burial rites call for slaughtering dogs and horses, which helps the dead not at all. You must put an end to that; dress me in my ordinary clothes and keep the rites plain. He was buried in Chang'an; the emperor came in mourning dress, posthumously appointed him Grand Commandant, and granted him the imperial funeral regalia. His son was Huan.

毛遐，字鴻遠，北地三原人也。世為酋帥。曾祖天愛，太武時，至定州刺史、始昌子。傳至遐，四世不絕。正光中，蕭寶夤為大都督，討關中諸賊，咸陽太守韋遂時為都督，以遐為都督府長史。寶夤敗還長安，三輔騷擾。遐因辭遂還北地，與弟鴻賓聚鄉曲豪傑，遂東西略地，氐、羌多赴之，共推鴻賓為盟主。既而賊帥宿勤買奴自號京兆王於北地，遐詐降之，而與鴻賓攻其壁。賊自相斫射，縱兵追擊，七柵皆平。後寶夤構逆謀，遐知之，乃寄書與鴻賓，索馬迎接，復于馬祗柵建旗鼓以拒寶夤，攻其將盧祖遷，禽之。寶夤以是日拜南郊，竊號。禮未畢而告敗，寶夤懼，口乾色變，不遑部伍，人皆亂還。詔授遐南幽州刺史，進爵為伯。遐又攻破其將侯終德。寶夤知內外勢異，輕將十數騎走巴中。冬，万俟醜奴陷秦州，詔以遐兼尚書，二州行台。孝武帝入關，敕周文帝置二尚書，分掌機事，遐與周惠達始為之。稍遷驃騎大將軍、儀同三司，卒。

Mao Xia, styled Hongyuan, was from Sanyuan in Beidi. His family had led the tribes for generations. His great-grandfather Tian'ai, under Emperor Taiwu, rose to Regional Inspector of Ding and Viscount of Shichang. The line had continued unbroken for four generations down to Xia. In the Zhengguang era Xiao Baoyin, as Grand Commander, campaigned against the Guanzhong rebels; Wei Suishi of Xianyang, as overall commander, made Xia chief clerk of his staff. When Baoyin was beaten back to Chang'an, the capital region fell into turmoil. Xia resigned, returned to Beidi, and with his brother Hongbin rallied local champions; they seized territory east and west as Di and Qiang flocked in and made Hongbin their alliance chief. The rebel Suqin Mainu declared himself King of Jingzhao in Beidi; Xia pretended submission, then with Hongbin stormed his forts. The rebels turned on each other; he pursued, and seven stockades fell. When Baoyin plotted rebellion, Xia warned Hongbin by letter and called for horses; at Mazhi stockade he raised banners against Baoyin, attacked his general Lu Zuqian, and took him prisoner. That same day Baoyin performed the suburban rites and proclaimed himself emperor. Before the rites were finished came news of defeat; Baoyin's mouth went dry and his face went pale; he could not reform his ranks, and his men scattered. He was appointed Regional Inspector of Southern You and raised to a marquisate. Xia also defeated his general Hou Zhongde. Seeing how the tide had turned, Baoyin fled to Bazhong with only a dozen riders. That winter, when Moqi Chounu took Qin, Xia was made concurrent Minister of the Masters of Writing and head of the two provinces' Branch Censorate. When Emperor Xiaowu entered the passes, Zhou Wendi was ordered to set up two Masters of Writing to divide affairs of state—Xia and Zhou Huida were the first appointees. He was later made General Who Conquers the West and Pusang, then died.

遐少任俠，有智謀。世為豪右，貲產巨億，士流貧乏者，多被賑贍。故中書郎檀翥、尚書郎公孫范等，常依託之。至於自供衣食，粗弊而已。死之日，鄉黨赴葬，咸共痛惜。

In youth Xia was a man of reckless valor and sharp counsel. A magnate house worth hundreds of millions, they supported many impoverished scholars. Men such as Tan Zhu of the Secretariat and Gongsun Fan of the Masters of Writing often depended on him. For himself he wore only the plainest clothes and ate the simplest fare. At his death the countryside thronged his funeral and mourned him together.

鴻賓大鼻眼，多鬢須，黑而且肥，狀貌頗異，氐、羌見者皆畏之。加膽略騎射，

Hongbin had a huge nose, heavy brows and beard, a dark, corpulent frame, and an uncanny look that frightened Di and Qiang alike. He was bold and skilled in horsemanship and archery,

俶儻不拘小節，昆季之中，尤輕財好施。遐雖云早立，而名出其下。及賊起，鄉里推為盟主，常與遐一守一戰。後拜岐州刺史、散騎常侍、開國縣侯。遐笑謂鴻賓曰：「擊賊之功，吾不居汝後，至於受賞，汝在吾前，當以德濟物，不及汝故。」明帝以鴻賓兄弟所定處多，乃改北地郡為北雍州，鴻賓為刺史。詔曰：「此以晝錦榮卿也。」改三原縣為建中郡，以旌其兄弟。後爾硃天光自關中還洛，夷夏心所忌者，皆將自隨。鴻賓亦領鄉中壯武二千人以從。洛中素聞其名，衣冠貧冗者，競與之交。尋拜西袞州刺史。羈寓倦遊之輩，四座常滿，鴻賓資給衣食，與己悉同。私物不足，頗有公費。轉南青州刺史。未幾，徵還，為有司所糾，鴻賓遂逃匿人間。月餘，特詔原之。

free-spirited and heedless of convention, and readiest of the brothers to give away his wealth. Though Xia had risen first, Hongbin's name outshone his. When rebellion spread the countryside made Hongbin alliance chief; the brothers split duties, one holding ground, one fighting. Later he was made Regional Inspector of Qi, Palace Attendant, and Marquis of Kaiguo. Xia laughed and told Hongbin, "In fighting rebels I am not behind you—but in rewards you go ahead of me, because I lack your gift for winning men. Emperor Ming, noting how much land the brothers had secured, made Beidi into Northern Yong Province and Hongbin its governor. The edict read, "This is your glory of coming home in broad daylight. Sanyuan was made Jianzhong Commandery in their honor. When Erzhu Tenguang later left Guanzhong for Luoyang, every man the frontier peoples dreaded was ordered to go with him. Hongbin brought two thousand of his village braves along. Luoyang had long known his name; poor scholars crowded to know him. Soon he was made Regional Inspector of Western Yan. Exiles and wandering guests packed his hall; Hongbin fed and clothed them as he did himself. His private purse could not keep pace; he dipped often into public funds. He was transferred to Southern Qing as regional inspector. Soon he was recalled; the authorities impeached him, and Hongbin went into hiding among the people. A month later an extraordinary edict restored him to grace.

及孝武帝與齊神武有隙，令鴻賓鎮潼關，為西道之寄。車駕西幸，漿糗乏絕，侍官三二日間，唯飲澗水。鴻賓奉獻酒食，迎于稠桑，文武從者，始解饑渴。武帝把其手曰：「寒鬆勁草，所望於卿也。事平之日，甯忘主人。」仍留守潼關。後神武來寇，見禽至并州，憂恚卒。

When strife opened between Emperor Xiaowu and Gao Huan, Hongbin was put in command of Tong Pass as the linchpin of the western front. On the emperor's flight west, wine and grain ran out; for days his attendants drank nothing but brook water. Hongbin brought food and wine and met the court at Chousang; only then did the civil and military train ease their hunger and thirst. The emperor took his hand and said, "You are the winter pine and frost-defying grass I have longed for. When peace returns, do not forget who placed his trust in you. He then remained to hold Tong Pass. When Gao Huan later attacked, Hongbin was captured and sent to Bing, where he died of grief and rage.

鴻賓弟鴻顯，位散騎常侍，封縣侯。遐乳母所產也，一字七寶。遐養之為弟，因姓毛氏。勁悍多力，後隨諸兄戰鬥，多先鋒陷陣。大統四年，為廣州刺史，與駱超鎮東陽，陷東魏。卒。子野叉。

His younger brother Hongxian served as Regular Attendant of Scattered Cavalry and was made a county marquis. He was a son born to Xia's wet nurse and bore the alternate name Qibao. Xia raised him as a younger brother, and he took the Mao surname. Tough and immensely strong, he later fought with his brothers and often spearheaded the assault. In the fourth year of Datong he became Regional Inspector of Guang; garrisoning Dongyang with Luo Chao, he was overrun by Eastern Wei. He died there. His son was Yecha.

乙弗朗，字通照，其先東部人也。世為部落大人，與魏徙代，後因家上樂焉。朗少有俠氣，在鄉里以善騎射稱。孝莊末，北邊擾亂，避地居並、肆間。爾硃榮見而重之，甚相接待，以功封連勺子。後隸賀拔嶽，從爾硃天光西討，為岳左廂都督。孝武帝之禦齊神武，授朗閣內大都督。及帝西入，詔朗為軍司，先驅靖路。至長安，封長安縣公。卒于岐州刺史。

Yi Fulang, courtesy name Tongzhao, was descended from the Eastern Tribes. His forebears had long been tribal chiefs; they migrated with Wei to Dai and later settled at Shangyue. In youth Lang had a bold, chivalrous temper and was known in the countryside for horsemanship and archery. When the northern frontier collapsed late in Emperor Xiaozhuang's reign, he took refuge between Bing and Xi. Erzhu Rong took notice of him, treated him with marked regard, and for his service made him Baron of Lianqu. He later served Heba Yue, joined Erzhu Tianguang on the western campaign, and became Yue's commander of the left wing. When Emperor Xiaowu stood against Gao Huan, Lang was made Grand Commander of the Inner Palace. As the emperor moved west, an edict named Lang Army Supervisor to clear the road as vanguard. He reached Chang'an and was enfeoffed Duke of Chang'an County. He died while serving as Regional Inspector of Qi.

初，朗患積冷，周文賜三石東生散，令朗法服之，使人問疾，朝夕相繼，見重如此。臨終惟云：「恨不見河、洛清平，重反京縣」，以此為恨，三舉手搥床，而便氣盡。贈太尉。

Lang had long suffered a deep chill; Zhou Wen gave him three piculs of Dongsheng Powder and prescribed its proper use, and messengers inquired after him morning and night without pause—such was the regard in which he was held. On his deathbed he said only, "I regret that I shall not see the rivers brought to peace and return once more to the capital," and thrice struck the bed in that grief before his breath failed. He was posthumously honored as Grand Commandant.

子鳳，位宮伯、開府儀同三司。與周閔帝謀宇文護，見殺。

His son Feng rose to Palace Chief and Grand Master of the Palace, rank equal to the Three Excellencies. He plotted with Emperor Min of Zhou against Yuwen Hu and was executed.

論曰：硃瑞以向義受戮，延慶以違順遇禍，各其命焉。斛斯椿屢踐危機，終獲貞吉，豈人謀之所致也？徵洽聞強記，以夔、襄任己，終使《咸》、《英》不墜，《韶》、《濩》惟新。加以盡心所事，無忘直道，抗辭正色，顛沛不渝，蓋有周之忠烈乎？賈顯智、樊子鵠、侯深等並驅馳風塵之際，但自陷夷戮。觀其遺跡，雖獲罪於霸政，求之有魏，得失未可知也。賀拔允昆季以勇略之資，當馳競之日，並邀時投隙，展效立功。始則委質爾硃，中乃結款高氏，太昌之後，即帝圖高。察其所由，固非守節之士。及勝垂翅江左，憂魏室之危亡；奮翼關西，感梁朝之顧遇，有長者之風矣。終能保榮持寵，良有以焉。嶽以二千羸兵，抗三秦勍敵，奮其智勇，克翦凶渠，雜種畏威，遐方慕義，斯亦一時之盛矣。卒以勳高速禍，無備嬰戮，惜哉！昔陳涉首事不終，有漢因而創業；賀拔功成夙殞，周文籍以開基。不有所廢，君何以興？信乎其然矣。侯莫陳悅肆行殘慝，死不旋踵，觀其亡滅，蓋自取之。念賢有始有卒，取敬群公。梁覽終以取禍，鮮克之義。雷紹馳騖雲雷之秋，毛遐兄弟致力經綸之日，乙弗朗輾轉擾攘之中，卒獲歸順，美矣！

Commentary: Zhu Rui died for standing on the loyal side; Yanqing suffered for twisting obedience to advantage—each met the fate he had chosen. Hu Sichun more than once stood at the edge of ruin yet ended in firm fortune—could mere human design have arranged that? With encyclopedic learning and a prodigious memory, Zheng took the masters Kui and Xiang for his models and kept the ancient hymns Xian and Ying from vanishing while renewing the pieces Shao and Hu. He gave his whole heart to his charge, never abandoned the upright path, and spoke frankly with a steady face through every hardship—was he not a true loyalist of the Zhou kind? Jia Xianzhi, Fan Zihu, Hou Shen, and the like all raced through turmoil, yet each brought on his own destruction. Seen in retrospect, though they offended the ruling power, judged against Wei standards their record is not easy to sum up as pure loss or gain. The Heba brothers, gifted with courage and strategy, seized every opening in an age of fierce competition and won merit by action. They first pledged to the Erzhu house, then cultivated the Gao clan, and after Taichang threw themselves behind Gaozu's bid for the throne. Viewed plainly, they were not men of steadfast principle. When Sheng, wings clipped in the south, grieved for the Wei house in peril; He spread his wings again in the west, grateful for the Liang court's favor, and showed the bearing of a man of mature virtue. That he kept his honors to the end is not surprising. With two thousand exhausted troops Heba Yue held off the formidable foes of the three Qin, brought his wisdom and courage to bear, and destroyed a murderous chieftain; mixed tribes feared his might and distant regions admired his justice—a momentary zenith indeed. Yet his towering merit hastened disaster, and unprepared he met the blade. What a pity! Chen She launched the uprising but did not live to finish it; the Han arose from that beginning. Heba Yue's founding merit perished early; Zhou Wen built on it to open his dynasty. "If one man is not set aside, how can the ruler rise?" How true that proved. Houmochen Yue practiced cruelty without restraint and died almost at once; his fall was plainly of his own making. Nian Xian began well and ended well, and won the regard of the great lords. Liang Lan ended in disaster—fitting the old truth that few finish well. Lei Shao raced through thunderous times; the Mao brothers gave their strength in the days of founding the state; Yi Fulang was tossed through chaos—yet each in the end found his way to allegiance. Admirable, all three!

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