1
万俟普可朱渾元劉豐破六韓常金祚劉貴蔡雋韓賢尉長命王懷任祥莫多婁貸文厙狄迴洛厙狄盛張保洛侯莫陳相薛孤延斛律羌舉張瓊宋顯王則慕容紹宗叱列平步大汗薩薛脩義慕容儼潘樂彭樂暴顯皮景和綦連猛元景安獨孤永業鮮于世榮傅伏
Wan Sipu, Kezhui Hunyuan, Liu Feng, Poli Hanchang, Jin Zuo, Liu Gui, Cai Jun, Han Xian, Wei Zhangming, Wang Huai, Ren Xiang, Moduoluo Daiwen, Shedi Huiluo, Shedi Sheng, Zhang Baoluo, Houmo Chenxiang, Xue Guyan, Hulu Qiangju, Zhang Qiong, Song Xian, Wang Ze, Murong Shaozong, Chi Lieping, Buda Hansa, Xue Xiuyi, Murong Yan, Pan Le, Peng Le, Bao Xian, Pi Jinghe, Qi Lianmeng, Yuan Jingan, Dugu Yongye, Xianyu Shirong, and Fu Fu
2
列傳第四十一
Biographies 41
3
万俟普子洛可硃渾元劉豐破六韓常金祚劉貴蔡俊韓賢尉長命王懷任祥子胄莫多婁貸文子敬顯厙狄回洛厙狄盛張保洛賀拔仁曲珍段琛尉摽摽子相貴康得韓建業封輔相范舍樂牒舍樂侯莫陳相薛孤延斛律羌舉子孝卿張瓊宋顯王則慕容紹宗叱列平步大汗薩薛修義慕容儼厙狄伏連潘樂彭樂暴顯皮景和綦連猛元景安獨孤永業鮮于世榮傅伏
Wan Sipu; his son Luo; Kezhui Hunyuan; Liu Feng; Poli Hanchang; Jin Zuo; Liu Gui; Cai Jun; Han Xian; Wei Zhangming; Wang Huai; Ren Xiang and his son Zhou; Moduoluo Daiwen and his son Jingxian; Shedi Huiluo and Shedi Sheng; Zhang Baoluo; Heluoren; Qu Zhen; Duan Chen; Wei Biao and his sons Xianggui, Kangde, Han Jianye, Feng Fuxiang, Fan Shele, and Die Shele; Houmo Chenxiang; Xue Guyan; Hulu Qiangju and his son Xiaoqing; Zhang Qiong; Song Xian; Wang Ze; Murong Shaozong; Chi Lieping; Buda Hansa; Xue Xiuyi; Murong Yan; Shedi Fulian; Pan Le; Peng Le; Bao Xian; Pi Jinghe; Qi Lianmeng; Yuan Jingan; Dugu Yongye; Xianyu Shirong; and Fu Fu
4
万俟普
Wan Sipu
5
万俟洛
Wan Si Luo
6
洛，字受洛幹，隨孝武入關，除尚書左僕射。 天平中，隨父東歸，封建昌郡公，再遷領軍將軍。 初，神武以其父普尊老，特崇禮之，嘗親扶上馬。 洛免冠稽首，願出萬死力以報深恩。 及河陰之戰，諸軍北度橋，洛以一軍不動，謂西人曰：「万俟受洛幹在此，能來可來也！」 西人畏而去之。 神武名其所營地為回洛。 洛慷慨有氣節，勇銳冠世。 卒，贈太師、大司馬、太尉、錄尚書，諡曰武。
Luo, whose style was Shouluogan, followed Emperor Xiaowu through the Pass and was appointed Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing. During the Tianping era he followed his father eastward, was made Duke of Changchang, and was promoted again to Commandant of the Army. At first Gao Huan, honoring Luo's father Pu as an elder, treated him with exceptional courtesy and once helped him mount his horse in person. Luo doffed his cap and kowtowed, pledging to give his utmost—even unto death ten thousand times over—to repay so deep a kindness. At the Battle of Heyin, as the armies crossed the bridge to the north, Luo held one division steady and called to the Western army: "Wanqi Shouluogan is here—come if you dare! The Western forces feared him and drew off. Gao Huan named the place where Luo had camped Huiluo—"Luo's Return." Luo was open-handed and principled, and his valor and dash were unrivaled in his day. When he died he was posthumously made Grand Preceptor, Grand Marshal, Grand Commandant, and Director of the Masters of Writing, with the posthumous name Martial.
7
可硃渾元
Kezhui Hunyuan
8
可硃渾元，字道元，自雲遼東人也。 曾祖護野肱，為懷朔鎮將，遂家焉。 元寬仁有武略，少與神武相知。 爾硃榮以為別將，隸爾硃天光。 平万俟醜奴等，以功封東縣伯。 孝武帝立，累遷渭州刺史。 元既早為神弄知遇，兼其母兄在東，恆表疏與神武往來。 周文帝有疑心，元乃率所部三千戶，發渭州，西北度烏蘭津，曆河、源二州境，乃得東出。 靈州刺史曹掞待元甚厚。 掞女婿劉豐生與元深相結，遂資遣元。 元從靈州東北入雲州界。 周文每遣兵邀元，元戰必摧之。 神武聞其來，遣平陽太守高崇持金環一枚賜元，並運資糧候接。 元至，引見執手。 後進并州刺史，以貪污劾，特見原。 累以軍功拜司空。 天保初，封扶風郡王，位太傅、太師。 薨，贈假黃鉞、太宰、太師。 錄尚書。 元用兵務持重，未嘗敗。 皇建初，配享文襄廟庭。 子長舉襲。
Kezhui Hunyuan, styled Daoyuan, said of himself that he was from Liaodong. His great-grandfather Huyegong served as general of Huaiyuan Garrison, and the clan made its home there. Hunyuan was broad-minded and humane, skilled in military affairs, and in his youth he came to know Gao Huan. Erzhu Rong made him a separate commander under Erzhu Tianguang. He pacified Moqi Chounu and others and, for his merit, was enfeoffed as Baron of Dongxian. After Emperor Xiaowu took the throne, Hunyuan rose through repeated promotions to Governor of Wei Prefecture. Hunyuan had long enjoyed Gao Huan's favor, and with his mother and elder brother still in the east, he kept up a steady exchange of memorials with Gao Huan. When Duke Wen of Zhou grew suspicious, Hunyuan led his three thousand households out of Wei Prefecture, crossed Wulan Ford to the northwest, traversed He and Yuan provinces, and at last broke out to the east. Cao Yan, governor of Ling Prefecture, received Hunyuan with great generosity. Yan's son-in-law Liu Fengsheng was bound to Hunyuan in close alliance, and together they supplied him and sent him on his way. Hunyuan entered Yunzhou from the northeast of Ling Prefecture. Each time Zhou Wen sent troops to cut him off, Hunyuan met them in battle and always broke them. Learning of his approach, Gao Huan sent Pingyang Administrator Gao Chong with a gold ring as a gift and had provisions moved up to welcome him. When Hunyuan arrived, Gao Huan received him in audience and clasped his hand. He was later promoted to governor of Bing Province; though impeached for corruption, he was specially forgiven. On accumulated military merit he was appointed Minister of Works. Early in the Tianbao reign he was made Prince of Fufeng and held the posts of Grand Tutor and Grand Preceptor. He died and was posthumously granted the ceremonial yellow battle-axe, the title Grand Steward, and Grand Preceptor. He was also made Director of the Masters of Writing. In command Hunyuan always favored steadiness and was never defeated. At the opening of the Huangjian era he was given a place in the sacrifices at Emperor Wenxiang's temple. His son Changju succeeded him.
9
可硃天元
Kezhui Tianyuan
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道元弟天元，亦有將略，便弓馬，封昌陽縣伯。 天保初，位殿中、七兵二尚書。 卒，贈都督、滄州刺史，諡曰恭武。
Daoyuan's younger brother Tianyuan was likewise skilled in generalship and adept with bow and horse; he was enfeoffed as Baron of Changyang. Early in Tianbao he served as Director of the Palace and as Minister of the Seven Armies. When he died he was posthumously made area commander and governor of Cang Prefecture, with the posthumous name Reverent Martial.
11
可硃天和
Kezhui Tianhe
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天元弟天和，以道元勳重，尚東平長公主，賜爵宜安鄉男。 文宣受禪，加駙馬都尉，位開府儀同三司，封成皋郡公。 濟南即位，加特進，改封博陵郡公。 與楊愔同被殺。 追贈司空。
Tianyuan's younger brother Tianhe, on account of Daoyuan's great merit, married the Eldest Princess of Dongping and was granted the rank of Baronet of Yi'an. When Emperor Wenxuan took the throne, Tianhe was further made Commandant of the Horse for the Imperial Son-in-Law, appointed Grand Master of the Golden Seal with triple staff, and enfeoffed as Duke of Chenggao. When Emperor Jinan succeeded, Tianhe was made Special Advance and his title was changed to Duke of Boling. He was put to death together with Yang Yin. He was posthumously made Minister of Works.
13
劉豐，字豐生，普樂人也。 有雄姿壯氣，果毅絕人。 破六韓拔陵之亂，以守城功，除普樂太守，山鹿縣公，靈州鎮城大都督。 賀拔岳與靈州刺史曹掞不睦，豐助掞守。 嶽將自討掞，為侯莫陳悅所殺。 周文帝遣行台趙善、大都督万俟受洛幹復來攻圍，引河灌之，掞與豐堅守不下。 豐乃東奔神武，神武以豐為南汾州刺史。 河陰之役，豐功居先，神武執其手嗟賞之。 及王思政據長社，豐與高嶽等攻之。 先是訛言大魚道上行，百姓苦之。 豐建水攻策，遏洧水灌城。 水長，魚鱉皆遊焉。 城將陷，豐與行台慕容紹宗見忽有暴風從東北來，正晝昏暗，飛沙走礫，船纜忽絕，漂至城下。 豐拍浮向土山，為浪激，不時至。 西人鉤之，並為敵所害。 豐壯勇善戰，死日，朝野駭惋。 贈大司馬、司徒公、尚書令，諡武忠。 子曄嗣。
Liu Feng, styled Fengsheng, was from Pule. He had a heroic bearing and commanding presence, and his resolution and daring were unmatched. In the rebellion of Poli Han Baling, for defending the city he was made administrator of Pule, Duke of Shanlu, and great area commander of Ling Prefecture's garrison city. Heba Yue was at odds with Cao Yan, governor of Ling Prefecture, and Feng helped Yan hold the city. Yue was on the point of marching against Yan in person when he was killed by Houmo Chen Yue. Duke Wen of Zhou sent Zhao Shan of the mobile headquarters and the great area commander Wanqi Shouluogan to besiege the city again; they diverted the river to flood it, yet Yan and Feng held out and the city would not fall. Feng then fled east to Gao Huan, who made him governor of Southern Fen Prefecture. At the Battle of Heyin Feng's merit stood first; Gao Huan took his hand and sighed in admiration. When Wang Sizheng held Changshe, Feng joined Gao Yue and others in the siege. Earlier a rumor had spread that a great fish would pass along the road, and the people were sorely troubled by it. Feng proposed a water assault, damming the Wei River to flood the city. As the waters rose, fish and turtles swam through the streets. Just as the city was about to fall, Feng and Murong Shaozong of the mobile headquarters saw a sudden gale rise from the northeast; at midday the sky went dark, sand and stones flew, the mooring lines snapped, and the boats drifted under the walls. Feng struck the water and swam toward an earthen mound, but the waves drove him and he could not reach it in time. The Westerners snagged them with hooks, and both were slain by the enemy. Feng was powerful, brave, and skilled in war; at his death court and country were shaken with dismay. He was posthumously made Grand Marshal, Duke of the Masters of Works, and Director of the Masters of Writing, with the posthumous name Martial and Loyal. His son Ye succeeded him.
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第三子龍，有巧思，位亦通顯。 隋開皇中，曆將作大匠，卒于領軍大將軍。
His third son Long was ingenious in design and likewise rose to high office. Under Sui's Kaihuang reign he served as Master of Works and died while holding the post of General-in-Chief of the Army.
15
八子俱非嫡妻所生。 每一子所生喪，諸子皆為制服三年。 武平中，痈所生喪，諸弟並請解官，朝廷義而不許。
All eight sons were born to women other than the principal wife. Whenever any one son's mother died, all the brothers wore mourning for three years. During Wuping, when Yong's mother died, all the younger brothers asked to leave office; the court, moved by their filial intent, would not allow it.
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破六韓常
Poli Hanchang
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破六韓常，單于之裔也。 初呼廚貌入朝漢，為魏武所留，遣其叔父右賢王去卑監本國戶。 魏氏方興，率部南轉，去卑遣弟右谷蠡王潘六奚率軍北禦。 軍敗，奚及五子俱沒于魏，其子孫遂以潘六奚為氏。 後人訛誤，以為破六韓。 世領部落。 父孔雀，少驍勇，背其宗人拔陵，率部降爾硃榮。 詔封永安縣侯，第一領人酋長。 常，孔雀少子，沉敏有膽略，善騎射。 爾硃榮死，常居河西。 天平中，與冀州刺史万俟受洛幹等東歸，神武上為武衛將軍。 齊受禪，封廣川縣公，拜太子太保。 卒于滄州刺史。 贈尚書令、司徒公、太傅、第一領人酋長、假王，諡曰忠武。
Poli Hanchang was descended from the Xiongnu shanyu. In the beginning Huchuqian came to pay court to the Han; Emperor Wu of Wei detained him and sent his uncle, the Right Worthy King Qubei, to oversee the people of their homeland. As the Wei house was on the rise, the tribes moved south; Qubei sent his younger brother, the Right Guli King Panliuxi, north with an army to hold them off. The army was defeated; Xi and his five sons all fell into Wei's hands, and their descendants took Panliuxi as their surname. Later generations misread the name and wrote it as Poli Han. For generations they led the tribe. His father Kongque was bold and valiant in youth; he broke with his kinsman Baling and led his people to submit to Erzhu Rong. By edict he was made Marquis of Yong'an and chief of the first leading peoples. Chang, Kongque's youngest son, was thoughtful and quick-witted, bold in counsel, and expert in mounted archery. After Erzhu Rong's death, Chang remained west of the Yellow River. During Tianping he returned east with Wanqi Shouluogan, governor of Ji Prefecture, and others; Gao Huan had him appointed General of the Martial Guard. When Qi took the throne he was made Duke of Guangchuan and appointed Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent. He died while serving as governor of Cang Prefecture. He was posthumously made Director of the Masters of Writing, Duke of the Masters of Works, Grand Tutor, chief of the first leading peoples, and acting king, with the posthumous name Loyal and Martial.
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金祚，字神敬，安定人也。 性驍雄，尚氣俠。 魏末，以軍功至太中大夫，隨元天穆討平邢杲。 曆涇、岐二州刺史。 後大行台賀拔嶽表授東雍州刺史，令討仇池氏楊紹先於百頃。 未還，岳為侯莫陳悅所殺。 祚克仇池還，莫知所歸。 俄而神武遣行台侯景慰諭，祚遂解甲而還，封安定縣公。 後隨魏孝武西入，周文帝以祚為兗州刺史。 曆太僕、衛尉二卿。 尋除東北道大都督、晉州刺史，入據東雍州。 神武遣尉景攻降之。 芒山之戰，以大都督從破西軍，除華州刺史。 文宣受禪，加開府儀同三司，別封臨濟縣子。 卒，贈司空公。
Jin Zuo, styled Shenjing, was from Anding. By nature he was fierce and bold, and he prized honor and daring. Late in Wei, on military merit he rose to Grand Master of Palace Attendance and followed Yuan Tianmu in putting down Xing Gao. He served in turn as governor of Jing and Qi prefectures. Later Heba Yue of the great mobile headquarters had him appointed governor of Eastern Yong and sent him to attack Yang Shaoqian of Chouchi at Baiqing. Before he could return, Yue was killed by Houmo Chen Yue. After taking Chouchi and returning, Zuo did not know which side to join. Soon Gao Huan sent Hou Jing of the mobile headquarters to reassure him; Zuo laid down his arms and came over, and was made Duke of Anding. Later he followed Emperor Xiaowu west; Duke Wen of Zhou made him governor of Yan Prefecture. He held office in turn as Minister of the Imperial Stud and Minister of the Guards. He was soon made great area commander of the northeast route and governor of Jin Prefecture, and took possession of Eastern Yong. Gao Huan sent Wei Jing to attack him until he submitted. At the Battle of Mangshan, as great area commander he took part in defeating the Western army and was appointed governor of Hua Prefecture. When Emperor Wenxuan took the throne, Zuo was further made Grand Master of the Golden Seal with triple staff and separately enfeoffed as Viscount of Linji. When he died he was posthumously made Duke of the Minister of Works.
19
劉貴，秀容陽曲人也。 剛格有氣斷。 曆爾硃榮府騎兵參軍。 榮性猛急，貴尤嚴峻，任使多愜榮心。 普泰初，行汾州事，棄戍歸齊神武。 累遷御史中尉、肆州大中正，加開府、西道行台僕射。 貴所歷，莫不肆其威酷，非理殺害，視下如草芥。 性峭直，攻訐無所回避。 雖非佐命元功，然與神武布衣舊，特見親重。 卒，贈太保、太尉公、錄尚書事，諡忠武。 齊受禪，詔祭告其墓。 皇建中，配享神武廟庭。
Liu Gui was from Yangqu in Xiurong. Stern and resolute by nature, he had a forceful spirit. He served in succession as cavalry commandant on Erzhu Rong's staff. Erzhu Rong was fierce and impetuous; Liu Gui was all the sterner and harsher, and in carrying out tasks he often pleased Rong. Early in the Putai era he governed Fen Prefecture, then abandoned his post and joined Gao Huan of Northern Qi. He rose through several posts—to Censor Director and grand rectifier of Si Prefecture—and was given the additional titles of kaifu noble and vice-director of the Western Route mobile headquarters. In every post he held Liu Gui unleashed his cruelty, killing people without cause and treating those beneath him like chaff. Blunt and upright, he spared no one in his denunciations. Though not among the founders of the dynasty, he had been an old friend of Gao Huan from their days in common dress, and was treated with special intimacy and regard. When he died he was posthumously honored as Grand Guardian and Duke of the Grand Commandant, with charge of recording the Masters of Writing; his posthumous name was Loyal Martial. When Northern Qi took the throne, an edict ordered sacrifices announced at his tomb. During Huangjian he was given a place in the offerings at Gao Huan's temple.
20
次子洪徽嗣樂縣男。 卒，贈都督、燕州刺史。
His second son Honghui inherited the title Baron of Le county. When he died he was posthumously made commander-in-chief and governor of Yan Prefecture.
21
蔡俊，廣甯石門人也。 父普，北方擾亂，走奔五原，守戰有功，拜甯朔將軍。 卒，贈燕州刺史。 俊豪爽有膽略，齊神武微時，深相親附。 俊初為杜洛周所虜，時神武亦在洛周軍中。 神武謀誅洛周，俊預其計。 事泄奔葛榮。 仍背榮歸爾硃榮。 從入洛。 及從破葛榮，平元顥，封烏洛縣男。 隨神武舉義，及平鄴，破韓陵，並有戰功，進爵為侯。 出為齊州刺史。 為政嚴暴，又多受納。 然亦明解，有部分，吏人畏服之。 性好賓客，頗稱施惠。 天平中，卒于揚州刺史，贈尚書令、司空公，諡曰威武。 齊受禪，詔祭告其墓。 皇建初，配享神武廟庭。
Cai Jun was from Shimen in Guangning. His father Pu, during the turmoil in the north, fled to Wuyuan, distinguished himself in defensive fighting, and was appointed General Who Tranquilizes the North. When he died he was posthumously made governor of Yan Prefecture. Cai Jun was bold and daring; in Gao Huan of Northern Qi's early days they became close allies. Cai Jun was first captured by Du Luozhou, while Gao Huan too was then in Luozhou's ranks. When Gao Huan plotted to kill Luozhou, Cai Jun took part in the scheme. When the plot was exposed he fled to Ge Rong. He then deserted Ge Rong and rejoined Erzhu Rong. He followed Erzhu Rong into Luoyang. He followed in the defeat of Ge Rong and the pacification of Yuan Hao and was enfeoffed as Baron of Wuluo county. He followed Gao Huan in his uprising; at the pacification of Ye and the victory at Hanling his military merit earned him promotion to marquis. He was sent out as governor of Qi Prefecture. His rule was harsh and brutal, and he took many bribes. Yet he was sharp-witted and knew how to assign duties; officials and commoners alike feared and obeyed him. He loved to host guests and was known for his generosity. In the Tianping era he died while serving as governor of Yang Prefecture; he was posthumously honored as Director of the Masters of Writing and Duke of the Works, with the posthumous name Martial and Mighty. When Northern Qi took the throne, an edict ordered sacrifices announced at his tomb. Early in Huangjian he was given a place in the offerings at Gao Huan's temple.
22
韓賢，字普賢，廣甯石門人也。 壯健有武用。 初，隨葛榮作逆，榮破後，爾硃榮擢充左右。 榮死，爾硃度律以賢為帳內都督，封汾陽縣伯。 後為廣州刺史。 及齊神武起義，度律以賢素為神武所知，恐有變，遣使征之。 不願去，乃密遣群蠻多舉烽，若有寇至。 使者遂為啟，得停。 賢仍潛使人通誠于神武。 後拜建州刺史。 天平初，為洛州刺史。 州人韓木蘭等起兵，賢破之。 親自案檢收甲仗，有一賊窘迫藏屍間，見將至，忽起斫賢，斷其脛而卒。 始漢明帝時，西域以白馬負佛經送洛，因立白馬寺。 其經函傳於此寺，形制厚樸，世以古物，歷代寶之。 賢知，故斫破之，未幾而死。 論者謂因此致禍。 贈尚書令、司空。 子裔嗣。
Han Xian, courtesy name Puxian, was from Shimen in Guangning. Robust and skilled in arms. At first he followed Ge Rong in revolt; after Ge Rong's defeat Erzhu Rong took him into his personal guard. After Erzhu Rong's death Erzhu Dulü appointed Han Xian commander of the inner guard and made him Baron of Fenyang. He later became governor of Guang Prefecture. When Gao Huan of Northern Qi rose in revolt, Dulü, knowing that Han Xian had long been acquainted with Gao Huan and fearing defection, sent messengers to summon him. Unwilling to go, he secretly had the tribal chiefs light many beacon fires as though invaders were at hand. The envoy reported the alarm and Han Xian was allowed to remain. Han Xian still secretly sent envoys to pledge loyalty to Gao Huan. He was later appointed governor of Jian Prefecture. Early in Tianping he became governor of Luo Prefecture. When Han Mulan and others of the prefecture rose in revolt, Han Xian defeated them. While personally inspecting captured arms and armor, he came upon a rebel who, cornered, had hidden among the corpses; when Han Xian approached the man leapt up and struck him, cutting off his legs, and Han Xian died. Since the reign of Emperor Ming of Han, Buddhist scriptures had been brought from the Western Regions to Luoyang on a white horse, and White Horse Temple was founded for them. The scripture cases had been kept at that temple—plain and massive—and had been treasured as antiquities through many dynasties. Han Xian knew of them and deliberately smashed them; he died not long afterward. Observers said his death was retribution for that act. He was posthumously honored as Director of the Masters of Writing and Minister of Works. His son Yi inherited his position.
23
尉長命
Wei Zhangming
24
尉長命，太安狄那人也。 父顯，魏代郡太守。 長命性和厚，有器識。 參預齊神武起兵，破爾硃氏于韓陵，拜安南將軍。 樊子鵠據袞州反，除東南道大都督，與諸軍討平之。 徙幽州刺史，督安、平二州。 雖多聚斂，然以恩撫人，少得安集。 卒，贈司空，諡曰武壯。
Wei Zhangming was from Dina in Tai'an. His father Xian had been administrator of Dai Commandery under the Wei. Wei Zhangming was gentle and thoughtful, with a keen mind and sound judgment. He took part in Gao Huan of Northern Qi's uprising, helped defeat the Erzhu at Hanling, and was appointed General Who Pacifies the South. When Fan Zihu rebelled and held Yan Prefecture, Wei Zhangming was appointed grand commander of the southeast route and, with the allied forces, suppressed the revolt. He was transferred to governor of You Prefecture with authority over An and Ping as well. Though he levied heavy taxes, he also treated the people with kindness, and they achieved a measure of stability. When he died he was posthumously honored as Minister of Works with the posthumous name Martial and Robust.
25
子興，字敬興。 便弓馬，有武藝，位冠軍將軍。
His son Xing, courtesy name Jingxing. Expert with bow and horse and skilled in arms, he rose to the rank of General of the Martial Guard.
26
王懷，字懷周，不知何許人也。 少好弓馬，頗有氣尚。 隨齊神武于冀州起兵，討破爾硃兆于廣阿，又從破四胡何于韓陵，以功封盧鄉縣侯。 天平中，為都督、廣州刺史。 後從神武襲克西夏州。 還，為大都督，鎮下館。 除車騎大將軍、儀同三司。 卒，贈司徒公、尚書僕射。
Wang Huai, courtesy name Huaizhou, was of unknown origin. As a youth he loved archery and horsemanship and had a spirited disposition. He followed Gao Huan of Northern Qi in his uprising at Ji Prefecture, helped defeat Erzhu Zhao at Guang'a, and fought at Hanling against the coalition of the four Erzhu leaders, earning enfeoffment as Marquis of Luxiang. During Tianping he served as commander-in-chief and governor of Guang Prefecture. He later followed Gao Huan in the surprise capture of Western Xia Prefecture. On his return he was made grand commander and posted to garrison Xiaoguan. He was appointed General of the Agile Cavalry with the privilege equal to the Three Ducal Ministers. When he died he was posthumously honored as Duke of the Minister of Education and Vice Director of the Masters of Writing.
27
懷以武藝勳誠，為神武所知。 志力未申，論者惜其不遂。 皇建初，配饗神武廟庭。
Wang Huai's martial skill and loyal service won Gao Huan's esteem. His ambitions were never fully realized, and many lamented that his promise went unfulfilled. Early in Huangjian he was given a place in the offerings at Gao Huan's temple.
28
子胄，性輕俠，頗敏慧，少在神武左右。 天平中，擢為東郡太守。 家本豐財，又多聚斂，動極豪華； 賓客往來，將迎至厚。 興和未，神武攻王壁還，留清河公嶽為行台，鎮守晉州，以胄隸之。 胄飲酒遊縱，不勤防守，神武責之。 懼，遂潛遣使送款于周。 為人所糾，推勘未得實，神武特免之。 胄內不自安，乃與儀同爾硃文暢、參軍房子遠、鄭仲禮等陰圖弑逆，伏誅。
His son Zhou was rakish and clever and in his youth served at Gao Huan's side. During Tianping he was promoted to administrator of Dong Commandery. His family was already wealthy, and he exacted still more; his way of life was extravagantly lavish; and he entertained visitors with the greatest hospitality. Late in Xinghe, when Gao Huan returned from the siege of Wangbi, he left Prince Yue of Qinghe as mobile headquarters commander to hold Jin Prefecture, with Zhou under his command. Zhou drank and caroused and neglected the defense; Gao Huan reprimanded him. Afraid, he secretly sent envoys to offer his allegiance to Northern Zhou. Someone reported him, but the investigation found no proof and Gao Huan personally pardoned him. Uneasy in his heart, Zhou joined Yitong Erzhu Wenchang, staff officer Fang Ziyuan, Zheng Zhongli, and others in a secret plot of assassination and was put to death.
29
莫多婁貸文
Moduoluo Daiwen
30
莫多婁貸文，太安狄那人也。 驍果有膽氣。 從神武起兵，破爾硃兆于廣阿，封石城縣子。 從破四胡于韓陵，進爵為侯。 從平爾硃兆於赤谼嶺，兆自縊，貸文獲其屍。 天平中，進爵為公，晉州刺史。 元象初，除車騎大將軍、儀同三司、南道大都督，與行台侯景攻獨孤信于金墉城。 周文帝出函谷，景與高昂議待其至。 貸文請率所部擊其前鋒，景等固不許。 貸文性勇而專，不受命，以輕騎一千，軍前斥堠，死于周軍。 贈尚書左僕射、司徒公。
Moduoluo Daiwen was from Dina in Tai'an. Bold and fearless in battle. He followed Gao Huan in his uprising, helped defeat Erzhu Zhao at Guang'a, and was enfeoffed as Viscount of Shicheng. He fought at Hanling against the Erzhu coalition and was raised to marquis. He took part in the defeat of Erzhu Zhao at Chikong Ridge; when Zhao hanged himself Daiwen recovered his body. During Tianping he was promoted to duke and appointed governor of Jin Prefecture. Early in Yuanxiang he was made General of the Agile Cavalry, honored equal to the Three Ducal Ministers, and grand commander of the southern route; with mobile headquarters commander Hou Jing he besieged Dugu Xin at Jinyong. When Duke Wen of Zhou marched out through Hangu Pass, Hou Jing and Gao Ang debated waiting for him to arrive. Daiwen asked to lead his troops against the enemy vanguard, but Hou Jing and the others firmly refused. Impetuous and willful, he disobeyed orders and rode forward with a thousand light horsemen to reconnoiter; he was killed by Zhou troops. He was posthumously honored as Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing and Duke of the Minister of Education.
31
子敬顯嗣，強直勤幹，少以武力見知。 恆從斛律光征討，數有戰功。 光每令敬顯前驅置營，中夜巡察，或達旦不眠。 臨敵置陣，亦命部分將士，深見重。 位至開府儀同三司。 武平七年，從後主平陽敗歸，在并州與唐邕等推立安德王稱尊號。 安德敗，武將皆投周軍，唯敬顯走還鄴，授司徒。 周武帝平鄴，執之，斬於閶闔門外，責其不留晉陽也。
His son Jingxian inherited his title—a stern, diligent man who won notice in his youth for his military prowess. He often followed Hulu Guang on campaign and won repeated distinctions in battle. Hulu Guang regularly sent Jingxian ahead to pitch camp; he patrolled at midnight and sometimes went without sleep until dawn. In battle he also directed the disposition of troops and was held in deep esteem. He rose to the rank of kaifu with honors equal to the Three Ducal Ministers. In the seventh year of Wuping, after the defeat at Pingyang, he returned with the emperor to Bing Prefecture and joined Tang Yong and others in raising Prince Ande to the throne. When Prince Ande's cause collapsed, the generals one after another went over to the Northern Zhou armies; Jingxian alone escaped back to Ye, where he was made Grand Steward. After Emperor Wu of Zhou took Ye, he had Jingxian arrested and beheaded outside the Chuanghe Gate, condemning him for abandoning Jinyang.
32
厙狄迴洛
Shedi Huiluo
33
厙狄回洛，代人也。 少有武力，儀貌魁偉。 初事爾硃榮。 榮死，隸爾硃兆。 神武舉兵於信都，回洛擁眾來歸。 從破四胡于韓陵，以軍功封順陽縣子，累遷夏州刺史。 昭帝即位，封順陽郡王。 大寧初，為朔州刺史，轉太子太師。 卒，贈太尉、定州刺史。
Shedi Huiluo came from Dai. He showed martial talent from his youth and cut a towering figure. He first entered the service of Erzhu Rong. After Rong's death he followed Erzhu Zhao. When Gao Huan raised his banner at Xindu, Huiluo brought his followers over to join him. He took part in the crushing defeat of the Erzhu faction at Hanling, earned enfeoffment as Viscount of Shunyang for his battlefield service, and rose step by step to governor of Xia Province. Emperor Xiaozhao made him Prince of Shunyang upon his accession. Early in the Daning era he governed Shuo Province, then became Grand Tutor of the Crown Prince. He died and was posthumously honored as Grand Commandant and governor of Ding Province.
34
厙狄盛
Shedi Sheng
35
厙狄盛，字安盛，懷朔人也。 性和柔，少有武用。 初為神武親信都督，從征伐。 累遷幽州刺史，封長廣縣公。 齊受禪，改封華陽縣公，後拜特進。 卒，贈太尉公。
Shedi Sheng, courtesy name Ansheng, was born at Huaishuo. Gentle by temperament, he nevertheless possessed military skill from an early age. He began as a trusted personal commander in Gao Huan's entourage and followed him on campaign after campaign. Through successive promotions he became governor of You Province and was enfeoffed as Duke of Changguang. When Northern Qi was founded he was transferred to the ducal title of Huayang and later named Special Advanced. He died and was posthumously elevated to Grand Commandant.
36
張保洛
Zhang Baoluo
37
張保洛，自雲本出南陽西鄂，家世好賓客，尚氣俠，頗為北土所知。 保洛少便弓馬。 初從葛榮。 榮敗，仍為爾硃榮統軍。 後隸齊神武。 神武起兵，保洛為帳內，從破爾硃兆于廣阿及韓陵戰。 元象初，為西夏州刺史，以前後功，封安武縣伯。 又從戰芒山，進爵為侯。 文襄嗣事，曆梁州刺史，進爵為公。 齊受禪，加開府，仍為刺史。 聚斂，為百姓所患。 濟南初，兼侍中，尋出為滄州刺史，封敷城郡王。 以聚斂免官，奪王爵。 卒，贈前官，追復本封。
Zhang Baoluo's family originally hailed from Xihuan in Nanyang; they had entertained guests for generations and cultivated a reputation for bravado that was well known across the north. Baoluo mastered bow and saddle while still young. He first rode with Ge Rong. After Ge Rong's defeat he became a regiment commander under Erzhu Rong. He later entered the service of Gao Huan. When Gao Huan raised his army, Baoluo served in his personal guard and fought at Guang'a and Hanling in the overthrow of Erzhu Zhao. In the first year of Yuanxiang he was made governor of Western Xia Province and, for his accumulated service, enfeoffed as Baron of Anwu. He fought again at Mangshan and was raised to marquis. Under Gao Cheng he served as governor of Liang Province and was promoted to duke. When Qi took the throne he was made a Grand Guardian of the Household while retaining his provincial post. He extorted the people and became a plague upon them. Early in the Jinan reign he was named Attendant-in-Ordinary, then sent out as governor of Cang Province and enfeoffed as Prince of Fucheng. His extortion cost him his offices and his princely title. After his death his former posts were restored and his original title reinstated.
38
從神武出山東，又有賀拔仁、曲珍、段琛、尉摽、子相貴、康得、韓建業、封輔相、范舍樂、牒舍樂，並以軍功至大官，史失其事。
Among the men who followed Gao Huan east into Shandong were Heluoren, Qu Zhen, Duan Chen, Wei Biao, Zi Xianggui, Kang De, Han Jianye, Feng Fuxiang, Fan Shele, and Die Shele, all of whom rose to high office through military service; the histories no longer record their deeds in detail.
39
仁字天惠，無善人。 以帳內都督從神武破爾硃氏于韓陵，力戰有功。 天保初，封安定郡王，歷數州刺史、太保、太師、右丞相、錄尚書事。 武平元年薨，贈假黃鉞、相國、太尉、錄尚書、十二州諸軍事、朔州刺史，諡曰武。
Heluoren, style name Tianhui, was no virtuous soul. As a commander of Gao Huan's personal guard he fought at Hanling in the destruction of the Erzhu house and distinguished himself in fierce combat. At the opening of the Tianbao era he was made Prince of Anding and rose through governorships of several provinces to Grand Guardian, Grand Tutor, Right Chancellor, and Supervisor of the Masters of Writing. He died in the first year of Wuping and was posthumously invested with the golden axe, the title of Chancellor of State and Grand Commandant, supervisory authority over the Masters of Writing and twelve provinces' military affairs, and the governorship of Shuo; his posthumous name was Wu, "the Martial."
40
珍字舍洛，西平酒泉人。 壯勇騎射，以帳內從神武。 天統中，封安康郡王。 武平初，為豫州道行台尚書令、豫州刺史。 卒，贈太尉。
Qu Zhen, style name Sheluo, came from Jiuquan in Xiping. A powerful mounted archer, he rode with Gao Huan in his personal following. During the Tiantong era he was created Prince of Ankang. Early in Wuping he headed the Secretariat of the Yuzhou military administration and governed Yu Province. At his death he was posthumously named Grand Commandant.
41
琛字懷寶，代人。 少有武用，從起兵。 天保中，開府儀同三司、兗州刺史。
Duan Chen, courtesy name Huaibao, was from Dai. Skilled in arms from youth, he joined Gao Huan when the army was first raised. During Tianbao he held the rank of Grand Guardian of the Household with ceremonial parity to the Three Excellencies and governed Yan Province.
42
摽，代人，大寧初，位司徒，封海昌王。 卒，子相貴嗣。
Wei Biao, a man of Dai, became Grand Steward and Prince of Haichang early in the Daning era. He died and was succeeded by Zi Xianggui.
43
相貴，武平末，開府儀同三司、晉州道行台尚書僕射、晉州刺史。 及行台左丞侯子欽等密啟周武帝請師，求為內應。 周武自率眾至城下。 子欽等夜開城門，引軍入，鎖相貴送長安，卒。
At the close of Wuping, Xianggui held the rank of Grand Guardian of the Household with parity to the Three Excellencies, served as vice director of the Jinzhou route Secretariat, and governed Jin Province. Jinzhou's left assistant director Hou Ziqin and others secretly appealed to Emperor Wu of Zhou to send troops, offering themselves as allies within the walls. Emperor Wu of Zhou personally led his army to the walls of Jin. Ziqin and his fellows opened the gates by night, admitted the Zhou troops, put Xianggui in chains and sent him to Chang'an, where he died.
44
弟相願，強幹有膽略，武平末，開府儀同三司、領軍大將軍。 自平陽至并州及到鄴，每立計將殺高阿那肱，廢後主立廣甯王。 事竟不果。 及廣寧被出，相願拔佩刀斫柱而歎曰：「大事去矣，知復何言！」
His younger brother Xiangyuan was a forceful man of courage and design; at the end of Wuping he too held the rank of Grand Guardian of the Household and served as Army Commander-in-Chief. From Pingyang through Bingzhou to Ye, he repeatedly plotted to kill Gao Anagong, depose the emperor, and set Prince Guangning on the throne. None of these designs ever came off. When Prince Guangning was removed from court, Xiangyuan drew his sword and struck a pillar, crying, "The great matter is lost—what more is there to say!"
45
德，代人。 歷數州刺史、並省尚書左僕射、開府儀同三司，封新蔡王。
Kang De was a man of Dai. He governed several provinces in turn, became left vice director of the Masters of Writing for Bing province, and was ultimately created Prince of Xincai with the rank of Grand Guardian of the Household.
46
建業、輔相，俱不知所從來。 建業位領軍大將軍、并州刺史。 以輔相為朔州總管。
Han Jianye and Feng Fuxiang—nothing is recorded of their origins. Jianye served as Army Commander-in-Chief and governor of Bing Province. Fuxiang was appointed overall commander of Shuo Province.
47
范舍樂，代人。 有武藝，筋力絕人。 位東雍州刺史、開府儀同三司，封平舒侯。
Fan Shele came from Dai. Trained in arms, his raw strength was beyond ordinary men. He governed Eastern Yong Province, held the rank of Grand Guardian of the Household, and was enfeoffed as Marquis of Pingshu.
48
牒舍樂，武威人。 開府儀同三司、營州刺史，封漢中郡公，戰歿關中。
Die Shele was from Wuwei. Grand Guardian of the Household and governor of Ying Province, he was created Duke of Hanzhong and fell in battle in Guanzhong.
49
侯莫陳相
Houmo Chenxiang
50
次子晉貴，嚴重有文武幹略，襲爵白水王，武衛將軍、開府儀同三司、梁州刺史。 歸周，授上大將軍，封信安縣公。 子仲宣，太常丞。 子弘穎、弘信，雍州司士參軍。 子行方、行儉、行恭。
His second son Jingui was a man of sober bearing and real ability in civil and military affairs; he inherited the princely title of Baishui, served as Martial Guard General and governor of Liang Province, and held the rank of Grand Guardian of the Household. When he went over to Zhou he was named Grand General and enfeoffed Duke of Xin'an. His son Zhongxuan served as a director in the Ministry of Rites. Sons Hongying and Hongxin held staff posts in the Yongzhou command. His sons Xingfang, Xingjian, and Xinggong.
51
薛孤延
Xue Guyan
52
薛孤延，代人也。 少驍果，從神武起兵，以功累加儀同三司。 從西征，至蒲津。 及竇泰失利，神武班師，延後殿，且戰且行，一日斫折十五刀。 神武嘗閱馬於北牧，道逢暴雨，大雷震地，火燒浮圖。 神武令延視之。 延案槊直前，大呼繞浮圖走，火遂滅。 延還，須及馬鬃尾皆焦。 神武歎其勇決，曰：「延乃能與霹靂鬥！」 後封平秦公，與諸將討潁川。 延專監造土山，以酒醉，為敵所襲據。 潁川平，諸將還京師，宴華林園。 文襄啟魏帝，坐延階下以辱之。 齊受禪，別賜爵都昌縣公。 延性好酒，率多昏醉。 以善戰，每大軍征討，常為前鋒。 位太子太保、太傅。
Xue Guyan came from Dai. Fierce and resolute in his youth, he joined Gao Huan at the founding of the army and rose through repeated promotions to ceremonial parity with the Three Excellencies. He marched on the western campaign as far as Pujin. When Dou Tai's army was broken, Gao Huan ordered the retreat and Guyan took the rear guard, fighting as he withdrew; in a single day he shattered fifteen swords. Gao Huan was once reviewing horses at the northern pastures when a sudden storm broke; thunder shook the ground and lightning set a stupa ablaze. Gao Huan sent Guyan to investigate. Guyan couched his spear and charged straight ahead, shouting as he circled the burning stupa—and the fire went out. When he rode back, both his whiskers and his horse's mane and tail had been singed black. Gao Huan marveled at his daring. "Guyan can do battle with the thunder itself!" he said. Later he was created Duke of Pingqin and joined the generals in the siege of Yingchuan. Guyan was put in charge of building the siege mound but, drunk on wine, let the enemy seize it in a night attack. After Yingchuan fell, the commanders returned to the capital for a feast in the Hualin Gardens. Gao Cheng asked the Wei emperor to seat Guyan below the hall steps as a public humiliation. When Northern Qi was founded he received a separate enfeoffment as Duke of Duchang. Guyan loved his wine and was as often drunk as sober. Yet he fought so well that on every major campaign he was placed in the van. He rose to Grand Guardian and Grand Tutor of the Crown Prince.
53
斛律羌舉
Hulu Qiangju
54
斛律羌舉，太安人也。 世為部落酋長。 羌舉少驍果，從爾硃兆。 兆破，乃歸誠神武。 神武以其忠於所事，亦加嗟賞。 天平中，除大都督。 後從神武戰于沙苑，時議進趣計，羌舉曰：「黑獺若欲固守，無糧援可恃。 今揣其情，欲一死決，有同狾犬，或能噬人。 且渭曲土濘，無所用力。 若不與戰，徑趣咸陽，咸陽空虛，可不戰而克。 拔其根本，則黑獺之首，可懸軍門。」 神武欲縱火焚之，侯景曰：「當禽以示百姓，燒殺誰復信之？」 諸將議既有異同，遂戰于渭曲，大軍敗績。 後封密縣侯，為東夏州刺史。 有疫疾，刺胸，竹筒吮之，垂愈。 因怒，創裂而卒。 贈儀同三司。 子孝卿嗣。
Hulu Qiangju came from Tai'an. His clan had led their tribe for generations. Qiangju was fierce and resolute in his youth and served under Erzhu Zhao. When Zhao was destroyed he submitted in good faith to Gao Huan. Gao Huan admired his loyalty to whichever master he served and spoke of him with evident respect. During the Tianping era he was named Grand Chief Commander. Later, campaigning with Gao Huan at Shayuan, he took part in the council on how to advance. "If Heiba intends to stand on the defensive," Qiangju said, "he has no supplies he can count on. But I read their mood now as readiness to fight to the death—they are like cornered curs and may yet bite. And the ground at Weiqu is boggy—nowhere for our strength to tell. If we refuse battle and march straight on Xianyang, that city stands hollow—we can seize it without a fight. Strike at their root, and Heiba's head may yet hang from our gate. Gao Huan wanted to burn them where they stood, but Hou Jing objected: "Take them alive and show the people. Burn and slaughter them, and who will ever trust us again?" The counsels of the commanders were divided, so they gave battle at Weiqu after all—and the main army met utter disaster. He was later enfeoffed as Marquis of Mi and appointed inspector of Eastern Xia Province. When plague struck him, physicians pierced his chest and drew out the pus with bamboo tubes; he was on the verge of recovery. In a fit of rage the wound tore open again, and he died. He was posthumously granted ceremonial parity with the Three Excellencies. His son Xiaojing succeeded him.
55
斛律孝卿
Hulu Xiaojing
56
孝卿少聰敏，機悟有風檢。 武平末，位侍中、開府儀同三司，封義甯王，知內省事，典外兵、騎兵機密。 時政由群豎，自趙彥深死後，朝貴典機密者，唯孝卿一人差居雅道，不至貪穢。 後主至齊州，以孝卿為尚書令，又以中書侍郎薛道衡為侍中，封北海王。 二人勸後主作承光詔，禪位任城王。 令孝卿齎詔策及傳國璽往瀛州，孝卿便詣鄴。 仍從周武帝入關，授儀同大將軍、宣納上士。 隋開皇中，位太府卿、戶部尚書。
Xiaojing was clever and quick-minded from boyhood, with a keen wit and a sense of propriety. At the end of the Wuping era he was palace attendant and held an opening office with ceremonial parity to the Three Excellencies, was created Prince of Yining, oversaw inner-palace business, and held charge of field armies and the cavalry command. Power then lay with the eunuch cabal; after Zhao Yanshen's death, of the great courtiers who held state secrets, Xiaojing alone still walked a measure of the high road and did not sink into greed and corruption. When the Later Lord reached Qizhou, he appointed Xiaojing director of the Masters of Writing and made secretariat gentleman Xue Daoheng palace attendant and Prince of Beihai. The two urged the Later Lord to draw up the Chengguang abdication edict and yield the throne to the Prince of Rencheng. He sent Xiaojing to Yingzhou with the abdication documents and the imperial seal, but Xiaojing went straight on to Ye instead. He then followed Emperor Wu of Zhou through the Pass and was made grand general with ceremonial parity and Xuan-nabe senior gentleman. Under the Sui, in the Kaihuang era, he served as grand treasurer and minister of revenue.
57
張瓊，字連德，代人也。 少壯健，有武用，初隨葛榮為亂。 榮敗，爾硃榮以為都督。 後歷位濟州刺史。 及爾硃氏敗，歸神武，拜滄州刺史，加驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司。 天平中，神武襲克夏州，以瓊為慰勞大使，留鎮之。 尋為周文帝所陷，卒。 贈司徒、都督、恆州刺史。
Zhang Qiong, whose style was Liande, came from Dai. Robust and warlike in his youth, he first followed Ge Rong in revolt. When Ge Rong was crushed, Erzhu Rong appointed him a military commander. He later rose to inspector of Ji Province. When the Erzhu house fell, he submitted to Gao Huan, was named inspector of Cang Province, and was further promoted to rapid-cavalry grand general with an opening office and ceremonial parity to the Three Excellencies. During Tianping, after Gao Huan stormed and took Xia Province, he made Qiong commissioner to comfort the region and left him to hold the garrison. He was soon trapped by Duke Wen of Zhou and died. He was posthumously made minister of education, commander-in-chief, and inspector of Heng Province.
58
瓊子欣，尚魏平陽公主，除駙馬都尉、驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司、建州刺史，南鄭伯。 瓊常憂其太盛，每謂親識曰：「凡人官爵，莫若處中。 欣位秩太高，深為憂慮。」 而欣豪險，遂與公主情好不篤。 尋為孝武所害。 時人稱瓊先見。
Qiong's son Xin married the Princess of Pingyang of Wei and was made commandant of the horse for the imperial son-in-law, rapid-cavalry grand general, holder of an opening office with ceremonial parity to the Three Excellencies, inspector of Jian Province, and Baron of Nanzheng. Qiong often fretted that the boy had risen too high and would tell friends, "For any man, rank is safest in the middle. Xin's posts sit too high—that is what gnaws at me. Yet Xin was proud and reckless, and his bond with the princess grew cold. Before long Emperor Xiaowu had him killed. People of the day said Qiong had seen it coming.
59
宋顯，字仲華，敦煌效穀人也。 性果毅，有幹用。 初事爾硃榮，稍遷為記室參軍。 榮死，世隆等以為晉州刺史。 後歸神武為行台左丞，拜西袞州刺史。 在州多所受納，然勇決有氣幹，檢禦左右，咸得其心力。 及河陰之戰，深入，沒於行陣。 贈司徒公。
Song Xian, whose style was Zhonghua, came from Xiaogu in Dunhuang. He was resolute by nature and capable in affairs. He first served Erzhu Rong and was gradually promoted to staff adjutant. After Rong's death, Shilong and his faction appointed him inspector of Jin Province. He later submitted to Gao Huan as left director of the executive agency and was named inspector of Western Yan Province. In office he took many bribes, yet he was bold, decisive, and full of drive; he kept his subordinates in hand and won their wholehearted loyalty. At the Battle of Heyin he pressed deep into the enemy line and fell on the field. He was posthumously made minister of education.
60
王則，字元軌，自雲太原人也。 少驍果，有武藝。 初隨叔父魏廣平內史老生征討，每有戰功。 老生為朝廷所知，則頗有力。 初以軍功賜白水子。 元顥入洛，則與老生俱降顥。 顥疑老生，遂殺之。 則奔廣州刺史鄭先護，與同拒顥。 顥敗，為東徐州防城都督。 爾硃榮之死也，東徐州刺史斛斯椿是其枝黨，內懷憂懼。 時梁立魏汝南王悅為魏主，資其士馬，送之境上，椿遂降悅。 則與蘭陵太守李義擊其偏師，破之。 魏因以則行北徐州事，隸爾硃仲遠。 仲遠敗，乃歸神武。 天平初，頻以軍功，都督、荊州刺史。 則有威武，邊人畏伏之。 渭曲之役，則為西師圍逼，棄城奔梁。 梁尋放還，神武恕而不責。 元象初，洛州刺史。 以前後勳，封太原縣伯。 則性貪，在州不法，舊京諸像，毀以鑄錢，于時號河陽錢，皆出其家。 以武用，除徐州刺史，取受狼籍。 令送晉陽，文襄怒其罪。 卒，贈司空，諡烈懿。
Wang Ze, whose style was Yuangui, claimed descent from Taiyuan. Fierce and resolute in his youth, he was skilled in arms. He first campaigned with his uncle Laosheng, interior secretary of Guangping under Wei, and won merit in every fight. When Laosheng came to the court's notice, Ze's standing rose with his. His first reward for military merit was the title Viscount of Baishui. When Yuan Hao entered Luoyang, Ze and Laosheng surrendered to him together. Hao grew suspicious of Laosheng and had him executed. Ze fled to Zheng Xianhu, inspector of Guang Province, and with him held out against Hao. After Hao's defeat he was made commander of the eastern Xuzhou garrison. When Erzhu Rong died, Husichun, inspector of eastern Xuzhou and a member of his faction, was inwardly shaken with fear. Liang had installed Yuan Yue, Prince of Runan, as a rival Wei sovereign and was sending him troops and horses to the frontier; Husichun thereupon went over to Yue. Ze and Li Yi, administrator of Lanling, attacked Yue's flank force and routed it. Wei then put Ze in charge of northern Xuzhou under Erzhu Zhongyuan. When Zhongyuan fell, he submitted to Gao Huan. Early in Tianping, through repeated battlefield merit, he became commander and inspector of Jing Province. Ze's presence on the frontier was fearsome, and the border peoples bowed to him. At Weiqu the Western army hemmed him in; he abandoned his city and fled to Liang. Liang soon sent him back, and Gao Huan pardoned him without punishment. At the opening of the Yuanxiang era he was made inspector of Luo Province. For his accumulated service he was enfeoffed as Baron of Taiyuan. Ze was greedy; in office he broke the law, melted down the old capital's Buddhist images to cast cash—the so-called Heyang coins of the day all came from his house. Because of his military record he was made inspector of Xu Province, where his extortion knew no bounds. He was ordered sent to Jinyang, and Gao Cheng was incensed at his offenses. He died and was posthumously made minister of works, with the posthumous name Fierce and Virtuous.
61
則弟敬寶，位東廣州刺史，與蕭軌攻建業，不克，死焉。
Ze's younger brother Jingbao was inspector of Eastern Guang Province; he joined Xiao Gui in an assault on Jianye, failed to take the city, and died in the attempt.
62
慕容紹宗
Murong Shaozong
63
慕容紹宗，字紹宗，晃第四子太原王恪之後也。 曾祖騰，歸魏，遂居代。 祖郁，岐州刺史。 父遠，恆州刺史。 紹宗容貌恢毅，少言，深沉有膽略。 爾硃榮即其從舅子也。 榮入洛，私告曰：「洛中人士繁盛，驕侈成俗，不除翦，恐難制。 吾欲因百官出迎，悉誅之，若何？」 對曰：「太后淫虐，天下共棄。 公既執忠義，忽欲殲夷多士，實謂非策。」 不從。 後以軍功封索盧侯，遷爾硃兆長史。 及兆敗，紹宗于烏突城見神武，遂攜爾硃榮妻子並兆余眾自歸神武。 神武仍加恩禮，所有官爵並如故，軍謀兵略，時參預焉。
Murong Shaozong, who used Shaozong as his style, was descended from Prince Ke of Taiyuan, fourth son of Murong Huang. His great-grandfather Teng submitted to Wei and settled in Dai. His grandfather Yu had been inspector of Qi Province. His father Yuan had been inspector of Heng Province. Shaozong was broad-faced and stern, sparing of speech, deep-minded, and bold in counsel. Erzhu Rong was his cousin on his mother's side. When Rong entered Luoyang he took Shaozong aside and said, "Luoyang is crowded with men grown rich and proud—extravagance is the custom now. Unless we cut them down, I fear we cannot hold them. I mean to use the officials' welcoming ceremony to slaughter them all—what do you say? Shaozong answered, "The empress dowager is vicious and debauched—the realm has turned from her. You came as the champion of righteousness; to slaughter the court's men in a single stroke would be no strategy at all. Rong would not heed him. He was later enfeoffed as Marquis of Suolu for military merit and became chief clerk to Erzhu Zhao. When Zhao fell, Shaozong met Gao Huan at Wutu, brought him Erzhu Rong's family, Zhao's remaining troops, and submitted in person. Gao Huan treated him with added favor; his offices and titles were left unchanged, and he was often consulted on campaigns and strategy.
64
及遷鄴，令紹宗與高隆之共知府庫、圖籍諸事。 累遷青州刺史。 時丞相記室孫搴屬紹宗，以其兄為州主簿，紹宗不用。 搴譖之神武曰：「紹宗嘗登廣固城長歎，謂所親云：大丈夫有復先業理不？」 由是徵還。 元象初，以軍功進爵為公，累遷御史中尉。 屬梁人劉烏黑入寇徐方，授徐州刺史。 執烏黑殺之。 還，除尚書左僕射。
When the seat moved to Ye, he put Shaozong and Gao Longzhi jointly in charge of the treasury, archives, and related affairs. He rose through successive posts to inspector of Qing Province. The chancellor's secretariat officer Sun Qian asked Shaozong to appoint his elder brother provincial chief clerk; Shaozong refused. Qian slandered him to Gao Huan, saying, "Shaozong once climbed the walls of Guanggu and sighed to his intimates, 'Is there not a way for a true man to restore his ancestors' realm?' On that report he was recalled to court. At the opening of the Yuanxiang era he was advanced to duke for military merit and rose to censor-in-chief. When Liu Wuhei of Liang raided the Xu region, he was appointed inspector of Xu Province. He captured Wuhei and executed him. On his return he was made left vice director of the Masters of Writing.
65
侯景反，命紹宗為東南道行台，加開府，改封燕郡公，又與大都督高岳禽梁貞陽侯蕭明於寒山。 回軍討侯景于渦陽。 時景軍甚盛，初聞韓軌往討之，曰：「啖豬腸小兒。」 聞高嶽往，曰：「此兵精人凡爾。」 諸將被輕。 及聞紹宗至，扣鞍曰：「誰教鮮卑小兒解遣紹宗來？ 若然，高王未死邪？」 及與景戰，諸將頻敗，無肯先者。 紹宗麾兵徑進，諸將從之，因大捷。
When Hou Jing rebelled, Shaozong was made executive of the southeast circuit, granted an opening office, and enfeoffed as Duke of Yancheng; he also joined Grand Chief Commander Gao Yue in capturing Xiao Ming, Marquis of Zhenyang of Liang, at Hanshan. He then turned his army to campaign against Hou Jing at Guoyang. Jing's forces were then at their height. When he first heard that Han Gui was coming against him, he sneered, "That pig-gut-eating whelp. When he heard Gao Yue was sent, he said, "Sharp troops—but a commonplace commander." The generals he dismissed one after another. But when he learned Shaozong was coming, he slapped his saddle and cried, "Who taught that Xianbei pup to send Shaozong? If that is so, the Prince of Qi cannot be dead after all? When battle was joined, the other commanders were beaten again and again, and none would lead the charge. Shaozong waved his men straight ahead; the others followed, and the day ended in a great victory.
66
西魏遣王思政據潁川，又以紹宗為南道行台，與太尉高岳、儀同劉豐圍擊之，堰洧水灌城。 時紹宗數有凶夢，每惡之，私謂左右曰：「吾自數年已還，恆有蒜發，昨來忽盡。 蒜者算也，其算盡乎！」 未幾，與劉豐臨堰，見北有塵氣，乃入艦同坐。 暴風從東北來，纜斷飄艦，徑向敵城。 紹宗自度不免，遂投水卒。 三軍將士，莫不悲惋，朝廷嗟傷焉。 贈太尉，諡曰景惠。
When Western Wei sent Wang Sizheng to hold Yingchuan, Shaozong was again made executive of the southern circuit; with Grand Commandant Gao Yue and Liu Feng, who held ceremonial parity, he besieged the city and dammed the Xu River to flood it. About then Shaozong had been troubled by repeated nightmares. He confided to his attendants, "For years I have kept sprouting garlic on my head—and yesterday it was suddenly all gone. Garlic and "account" are the same word—have my days been counted out! Not long after, he and Liu Feng were at the dam; when they saw dust rising to the north they boarded a ship and sat down together. A gale rose from the northeast, the mooring lines snapped, and the vessel drifted straight toward the enemy walls. Convinced he could not survive, Shaozong threw himself into the river and drowned. Officers and men throughout the army mourned him; the court grieved his death. He was posthumously enfeoffed as Grand Commandant with the posthumous name Jinghui.
67
慕容士肅
Murong Shisu
68
長子士肅，以謀反伏法。 朝廷以紹宗功，罪止士肅身。 皇建初，配享文襄廟庭。 士肅弟三藏。
His eldest son Shisu was put to death for treason. In recognition of Shaozong's service, the court confined punishment to Shisu alone. At the opening of the Huangjian era he was granted a place in the shrine of Wenxiang. Shisu's younger brother was Sanzang.
69
慕容三藏
Murong Sanzang
70
叱列平
Chi Lieping
71
叱列平，字殺鬼，代郡西部人，世為酋帥。 平有容貌，美須髯，善射馭。 襲第一領人酋長、臨江伯。 魏末，以軍功至武衛將軍。 隨爾硃榮破葛榮，平元顥，封癭陶縣伯。 榮死，爾硃氏陵僭。 平懼禍，後歸神武。 從破四胡于韓陵。 以軍功，天保初累遷袞州刺史，開府儀同三司。 卒，贈都督、瀛州刺史，諡曰莊惠。 子孝沖嗣。
Chi Lieping, styled Shagui, came from western Dai; his family had been tribal chiefs for generations. He was handsome, wore a fine beard, and excelled at archery and horsemanship. He inherited leadership of the first following and was made Baron of Linjiang. In late Wei he rose by military merit to General of the Martial Guard. Serving under Erzhu Rong, he helped defeat Ge Rong and pacify Yuan Hao and was enfeoffed Baron of Yingtao. After Rong's death the Erzhu clan grew insolent and usurped power. Fearing disaster, Ping later submitted to Gao Huan. He followed Gao Huan in crushing the Four Hu at Hanling. For his deeds at the opening of Tianbao he rose to governor of Yan Province and was made a palace attendant with ceremonial parity to the Three Excellencies. He died and was posthumously made area commander and governor of Ying Prefecture, with the posthumous name Zhuanghui. His son Xiaochong inherited his rank.
72
孝沖弟長叉，武平末，侍中、開府儀同三司，封新甯王。 隋開皇中，位上柱國，卒于涇州刺史。 長叉無他才技，在官以清幹稱。
Xiaochong's younger brother Changcha, in late Wuping, was made palace attendant with ceremonial parity to the Three Excellencies and enfeoffed Prince of Xinning. Under Sui's Kaihuang era he reached Senior Pillar of the State and died in office as governor of Jing Prefecture. Changcha had no special gifts beyond a reputation for clean, capable administration.
73
步大汗薩
Buda Hansa
74
步大汗薩，代郡西部人。 祖榮，代郡太守。 父居，龍驤將軍、領人別將。 薩初從爾硃榮入洛。 及平葛榮，累功為都督。 榮死，又從兆入洛。 及韓陵之敗，以所部降神武。 稍遷車騎大將軍，封行唐縣公，晉州刺史。 齊受禪，改封義陽郡公。
Buda Hansa was from western Dai. His grandfather Rong had been administrator of Dai. His father Ju had been General of the Dragon Charger and a tribal following chief. Hansa first followed Erzhu Rong into Luoyang. After the pacification of Ge Rong he rose by accumulated merit to area commander. When Rong died he again followed Zhao into Luoyang. After the defeat at Hanling he surrendered his troops to Gao Huan. He was gradually promoted to Grand Cavalry General, enfeoffed Duke of Xingtang, and made governor of Jin Prefecture. When Qi took the throne his fief was changed to Duke of Yiyang commandery.
75
薛脩義
Xue Xiuyi
76
薛修義，字公讓，河東汾陰人也。 曾祖紹，魏七兵尚書。 祖壽仁，秦州刺史、汾陰公。 父寶集，定陽太守。
Xue Xiuyi, styled Gongrang, was a man of Fenyin in Hedong. His great-grandfather Shao had been Wei Director of the Seven Armies. His grandfather Shouren was governor of Qin Prefecture and Duke of Fenyin. His father Baoji was administrator of Dingyang.
77
修義少而奸俠，輕財重氣。 魏正光末，天下兵起，特詔募能得三千人者，用為別將。 脩義得七千餘人，假安北將軍、西道別將。 以軍功，拜龍門鎮將。
As a youth he was a reckless knight-errant who scorned money and prized loyalty. In late Zhenguang, as revolt spread, an edict promised separate command to anyone who could raise three thousand men. Xiuyi raised more than seven thousand and was made acting General Who Pacifies the North and separate commander on the western route. For military merit he was appointed defender of Longmen.
78
後宗人鳳賢等作亂，圍鎮城，修義以天下紛擾，遂為逆，自號黃鉞大將軍。 詔都督宗正珍孫討之，軍未至，修義慚悔，遣表乞一大將招慰，乃降。 鳳賢等猶據險不降，修義與書，降之。 乃授鳳賢龍驤將軍，陽夏子，改封汾陰縣侯。 爾硃榮以修義反覆，錄送晉陽，與高昂等並見拘防。 榮赴洛，並以自隨，置於駝牛署。 榮死，魏孝莊以修義為弘農、河北、河東、正平四郡大都督。 時神武為晉州刺史，見之，相待甚厚。 及韓陵之捷，以修義行并州事。 孝武帝入關，神武以修義為關右行台，自龍門濟河，招下西魏北華州刺史薛崇禮。
When kinsman Feng Xian and others rose and besieged the town, Xiuyi, finding the empire in chaos, rebelled and styled himself Great General of the Yellow Halberd. The court ordered Zongzheng Zhensun against him, but before the troops arrived Xiuyi repented and petitioned for a high commissioner to accept his surrender—which he then offered. Feng Xian still held the high ground and refused to submit; Xiuyi wrote to him and secured his surrender. Feng Xian was made General of the Dragon Charger and Viscount of Yangxia; Xiuyi's fief was changed to Marquis of Fenyin. Erzhu Rong, deeming Xiuyi untrustworthy, sent him to Jinyang and held him with Gao Ang and others. When Rong marched on Luoyang they were taken along and confined in the Camel-Ox Office. After Rong's death Emperor Xiaozhuang made Xiuyi grand coordinator of Hongnong, Hebei, Hedong, and Zhengping. Gao Huan was then governor of Jin Prefecture and treated Xiuyi with exceptional warmth when they met. After the victory at Hanling, Xiuyi was put in charge of Bingzhou affairs. When Emperor Xiaowu fled into the Pass, Gao Huan made Xiuyi his Guanxi executive; crossing from Longmen he won over Xue Chongli, Western Wei's governor of Northern Hua.
79
初，神武欲大城晉，中外府司馬房毓曰：「若使賊到此處，雖城何益？」 乃止。 及沙苑之敗，徙秦、南汾、東雍三州人於并州，又欲棄晉，以遣家屬向英雄城。 修義諫曰：「若晉州敗，定州亦不可保。」 神武怒曰：「爾輩皆負我，前不聽我城并州城，使我無所趣。」 修義曰：「若失守，則請誅。」 斛律金曰：「還仰漢小兒守，收家口為質，勿與兵馬。」 神武從之，以修義行晉州事。 及西魏儀同長孫子彥圍逼城下，修義開門伏甲侍之。 子彥不測虛實，於是遁去。 神武嘉之，就拜晉州刺史。 後除齊州刺史，以黷貨除名。 追其守晉州功，復其官爵。 俄以軍功，進正平郡公，加開府。 天保中，卒于太子太保，贈司空。 子文殊嗣。
Gao Huan at first wanted to fortify Jin on a grand scale, but Fang Yu of the headquarters staff said, "If the enemy reaches this far, what good will walls do? They dropped the plan. After Shawei the populations of Qin, Southern Fen, and Eastern Yong were moved into Bingzhou; the court again considered abandoning Jin and sending families to Yingxiong Fortress. Xiuyi urged, "If Jin Prefecture falls, Ding Prefecture cannot be held either. Gao Huan flared up: "You have all betrayed me—because you would not fortify Bingzhou when I asked, I had nowhere left to go. Xiuyi answered, "If the city falls, ask for my head. Hulu Jin said, "Let the northern soldiery hold it, take their families as hostages, and withhold troops and mounts. Gao Huan agreed and left Xiuyi in charge of Jin. When Changsun Ziyan of Western Wei, holding ceremonial parity, besieged the walls, Xiuyi opened the gates and laid an ambush within. Unable to read the situation, Ziyan withdrew. Gao Huan praised him and promptly appointed him governor of Jin. Later he was made governor of Qi Prefecture, then stripped of rank for graft. His titles were restored in recognition of his defense of Jin. Soon afterward, for further military merit, he was advanced to Duke of Zhengping commandery and given an opening office. During Tianbao he died as Grand Tutor to the Crown Prince and was posthumously made Minister of Works. His son Wenshu inherited his rank.
80
修義從弟嘉族，性亦豪爽。 從神武平四胡于韓陵。 歷華、陽二州刺史，卒官。 子震，字文雄，位廉州刺史，亦著軍功。 又歷南汾、譙二州刺史。
Xiuyi's younger kinsman Jiazu was likewise open-handed and proud. He followed Gao Huan in the pacification of the Four Hu at Hanling. He served in turn as governor of Hua and Yang and died in office. His son Zhen, styled Wenxiong, became governor of Lian Prefecture and likewise distinguished himself in war. He later governed Southern Fen and Qiao as well.
81
慕容儼
Murong Yan
82
慕容儼，字恃德，清都人，廆之後也。 容貌出群，衣冠甚偉，不好讀書，頗學兵法。 爾硃氏敗，歸神武。 以勳，累遷五城太守。 見東雍州刺史潘相樂，長揖而已。 丞尉已下，數罹其罪。 乃謂儼曰：「府君，少為群下屈節。」 儼攘袂曰：「吾狀貌如此，行望人拜，豈可拜人！」 神武聞二人在邊不和，征相樂還朝，以儼代為刺史。 遷東荊州刺史。 行次長社，忽為其部下人所執，將投山賊張儉，為守人王崇祖私放，獲免。 神武仍授以軍司，共擊平儉，始得達州。 沙苑之敗，時諸州多翻陷，唯儼獲全。
Murong Yan, styled Shide, was from Qingdu, a descendant of Murong Huang. His looks set him apart, and he dressed with imposing splendor; he cared little for books but studied the art of war. When the Erzhu fell he submitted to Gao Huan. For merit he rose to administrator of Wucheng. When he met Pan Xiangyue, governor of Eastern Yong, he offered only a long bow. His deputies and constables suffered punishment again and again. Pan said to him, "For a time, my lord, you will have to bow to your subordinates. Yan swept back his sleeve and said, "With a body like mine, people bow when they see me coming—why should I bow to anyone? Hearing of their feud, Gao Huan recalled Xiangyue and replaced him with Yan. He was transferred to governor of Eastern Jing. At Changshe his own troops seized him, meaning to deliver him to the bandit Zhang Jian; the watchman Wang Chongzu freed him in secret and he escaped death. Gao Huan made him army supervisor, and only after they jointly crushed Zhang Jian could he reach his post. After Shawei, when prefectures everywhere defected, Yan alone held firm.
83
天保初，以軍功，除開府儀同三司。 六年，梁司徒陸法和、儀同宋茝等以郢州城內附。 時清河王岳帥師江上，議以城在江外，求忠勇過人者守之。 眾推儼，遂遣鎮郢城。 始入而梁大都督侯瑱、任約率水陸軍奄至城下，於上流鸚鵡洲造荻葓，竟數里，以塞船路。 眾懼，儼悅以安之。 城中先有神祠一所，俗號城隍神，儼於是順士卒心祈請，須臾，沖風驚波，漂斷荻葓。 約復以鐵鎖連緝，防禦彌切。 儼還，共祈請，風浪夜驚，葓復斷絕。 如此再三，城人大喜，以為神助。 儼出城奮擊，大破之。 瑱、約又並力圍城。 唯煮槐楮葉並糸寧根、水葒、葛、艾等及靴、皮帶、筋角等食之。 人死，即火別分食，唯留骸骨。 儼猶信賞必罰，分甘同苦。 自正月至六月，人無異志。 後蕭方智立，請和。 文宣以城在江表，有詔還之。 及至，望帝悲不自勝。 帝親執其手，捋儼須，脫帽看發，歎自久之。 曰：「自古忠烈，豈過此也！」 除趙州刺史。 天統四年，別封寄氏縣公，並賜金銀酒鐘各一枚、胡馬一疋。 五年，進爵為義安王。 武平元年，為光州刺史。 儼少從征討，經略雖非所長，而有將帥之節。 所曆諸州，雖不能清白守道，亦不貪殘害物。 卒，贈司徒。
At the opening of Tianbao he was made a palace attendant with ceremonial parity to the Three Excellencies for his military merit. In the sixth year, Liang Minister of Works Lu Fahe, Ceremonial Equal Song Chi, and others surrendered Ying Prefecture to Qi. Prince of Qinghe Yue was then commanding on the Yangzi; the council said the city lay beyond the river and required a man of proven courage and loyalty to hold it. All eyes turned to Yan, and he was sent to defend Ying. He had scarcely entered when Hou Jin and Ren Yue brought land and river forces against the walls; upstream at Parrot Isle they built a reed barrier miles long to choke the channel. The troops were afraid, but Yan put on a cheerful face and steadied them. The city held a shrine popularly called the City God; Yan prayed there as the soldiers wished, and in a moment a gale rose and shattered the reed barrier. Ren Yue linked iron chains across the stream and tightened the blockade. Yan returned to the shrine and prayed with them; that night a gale shattered the reed barrier once more. After this happened again and again, the townspeople rejoiced, believing heaven itself was helping them. Yan sallied forth and struck hard, routing the enemy completely. Hou Jin and Ren Yue joined forces again and laid siege to the city. They had nothing to eat but boiled locust and mulberry leaves, wild roots, smartweed, kudzu, mugwort, and even boots, belts, sinew, and horn. When someone died, they roasted the body, divided the flesh for food, and left only the bones. Yan still held fast to reward and punishment, sharing every hardship with his men. From the first month through the sixth, not one man wavered in loyalty. Later, when Xiao Fangzhi came to the throne, Liang sued for peace. Emperor Wenxuan, judging that the city lay deep in the south, ordered Yan brought home. When he arrived at court, he saw the emperor and was overcome with grief. The emperor took his hand, stroked Yan's beard, lifted his cap to look at his hair, and sighed for a long time. He said, "Loyal martyrs since antiquity—who could surpass this?" He was made governor of Zhao. In the fourth year of Tiantong he received a separate enfeoffment as Duke of Jishi, with a gold and a silver wine cup and a steppe horse. In the fifth year he was raised to Prince of Yi'an. In the first year of Wuping he became governor of Guang. Yan had campaigned since youth; strategy was not his gift, but he had the bearing of a true commander. In the prefectures he governed he was no model of spotless integrity, yet he was never rapacious or cruel. At his death he was posthumously made Minister of Education.
84
子子會，位郢州刺史。 周武帝平鄴，使其子送敕喻之，子會枷其子，付獄。 尋赦書至，雲行台武王已降，子會乃與僚屬北面慟哭，然後奏命。
His son Zihui served as governor of Ying. When Emperor Wu of Zhou took Ye, he sent his son with an edict to summon Zihui; Zihui clapped his own son in the stocks and threw him into prison. Soon a pardon arrived saying the Prince of Wu at the Front Office had surrendered; Zihui and his staff turned north and wept bitterly, then submitted to the new order.
85
爾硃氏將帥歸神武者，又有代人厙狄伏連，字仲山，本名伏憐，語音連。 事爾硃榮至直閣將軍。 後從神武，賜爵蛇丘男。 天保初，儀同三司，尋加開府。 性質樸，勤公事，直衛官闕，曉夕不離帝所，頗以此見知。 然鄙吝愚狠。 為鄭州刺史。 好聚斂，又嚴酷，居室患蠅，杖門者曰：「何故聽入！」 其妻病，以百錢買藥，每日恨之。 不識士流。 開府參軍，多是衣冠士族，皆加捶撻，逼遣築牆。 武平中，封宜都郡王，除領軍大將軍。 尋與琅邪王矯殺和士開，伏誅，被支解。
Among the Erzhu generals who submitted to Gao Huan was the Dai tribesman Shedi Fulian, styled Zhongshan; his birth name was Fulian, which in speech sounded like Lian. He served Erzhu Rong until he became a Direct-Gate General. Later he followed Gao Huan and was enfeoffed as Baron of Sheqiu. At the opening of Tianbao he was made a palace attendant with ceremonial parity to the Three Excellencies, and soon received an opening office. Plain and dutiful, he never left the emperor's side from dawn to dusk when the palace guard post fell vacant, and won considerable favor thereby. Yet he was miserly, foolish, and brutal. He became governor of Zheng. He loved extortion and ruled with cruelty; when flies plagued his rooms he beat the doorkeeper, crying, "Why did you let them in?" When his wife fell ill and spent a hundred cash on medicine, he nursed the grievance day after day. He had no regard for men of breeding. His opening-office aides were mostly gentry; he had them flogged and driven out to build walls. During Wuping he was made Prince of Yidu and Grand General of the Palace Guards. Soon he joined the Prince of Langya in the plot that killed He Shikai; he was executed and torn limb from limb.
86
伏連家口百餘，盛夏，人料倉米二升，不給鹽菜，常有饑色。 冬至日，親表稱賀，其妻為設豆餅。 問豆餅得處，雲于馬豆中分減。 伏連大怒，典馬、掌食人並加杖罰。 積年賜物，藏在別庫，遣一婢專掌管龠。 每入庫檢閱，必語妻子； 此官物，不得輒用。 至死時，唯著敝衤3〗軍； 而積絹至二萬疋，簿錄並歸天府。
Fulian's household of more than a hundred souls received two sheng of granary grain apiece in midsummer, with no salt or vegetables, and hunger was written on every face. On the winter solstice, when kin and friends came to congratulate him, his wife served bean cakes. Asked where the cakes came from, she said she had skimmed them from the horses' bean fodder. Fulian flew into a rage and had both the horse steward and the commissary flogged. Years of imperial gifts he hoarded in a separate storehouse, with one maid holding the keys. Whenever he went in to inspect the storehouse he told his wife and children, "These are state goods—do not touch them." At his death he wore nothing but tattered drawers; yet he had hoarded twenty thousand bolts of silk, every roll entered in the ledgers and sent to the imperial treasury.
87
潘樂，字相貴，廣甯石門人也。 本廣宗大族，魏世分鎮北邊，因家焉。 父永，有技藝，襲爵廣宗男。 樂初生，有一雀止其母左肩，占者咸言富貴之征，因名相貴，後始為字。 及長，寬厚有膽略。 初歸葛榮，榮授京兆王，時年十九。 榮敗，隨爾硃榮，為別將討元顥，以功封敷城縣男。
Pan Le, styled Xianggui, was from Shimen in Guangning. His clan was originally a great house of Guangzong; in Wei times they were posted to the northern frontier and settled there. His father Yong was skilled in the crafts and inherited the barony of Guangzong. At his birth a sparrow settled on his mother's left shoulder; diviners called it a mark of wealth and rank, so he was named Xianggui, which later became his style. Grown to manhood, he was magnanimous and bold. He first joined Ge Rong, who at nineteen made him Prince of Jingzhao. After Ge Rong's defeat he followed Erzhu Rong, campaigned against Yuan Hao as a separate commander, and was enfeoffed as Baron of Fucheng.
88
齊神武出牧晉州，引樂為鎮城都將。 後從破爾硃兆于廣阿，進爵廣宗縣伯。 累以軍功，拜東雍州刺史。 神武嘗議欲廢州，樂以東雍地帶山河，境連胡、蜀，形勝之會，不可棄也，遂如故。 後從破周師于河陰，議欲追之，令追者在西，不願者東，唯樂與劉豐居西。 神武善之，以眾之不同而止。 改封金門郡公。
When Gao Huan took up the governorship of Jin, he made Le metropolitan garrison commander. He later helped defeat Erzhu Zhao at Guang'a and was raised to Earl of Guangzong. For repeated military merit he was made governor of Eastern Yong. Gao Huan once proposed abolishing the prefecture; Le argued that Eastern Yong lay among mountains and rivers where the frontiers met the Hu and Shu lands—a strategic hinge that must not be abandoned—and the post was kept. After the victory over the Zhou forces at Heyin, when pursuit was debated, those willing to chase went west and the rest east—only Le and Liu Feng chose the west. Gao Huan approved, but because the command was divided he called the pursuit off. He was re-enfeoffed as Duke of Jinmen.
89
子子晃嗣。 諸將子弟，率多驕縱，子晃沈密謹愨，以清靖自居。 尚公主，拜駙馬都尉。 武平末，為幽州道行台右僕射、幽州刺史。 周師將入鄴，子晃率突騎數萬赴援。 至博陵，知鄴城不守，詣冀州降周齊王軍。 授上開府，隋大業初卒。
His son Zihuang succeeded him. Most generals' sons were proud and dissolute; Zihuang was grave, careful, and upright, holding himself to quiet integrity. He married an imperial princess and was made Commandant of Escort Cavalry. Late in Wuping he was Right Vice Director on the Youzhou circuit staff and governor of You. As Zhou troops bore down on Ye, Zihuang led tens of thousands of shock cavalry to the relief. At Boling he learned Ye could not be saved and went to Ji to surrender to the army of the Zhou Prince of Qi. He was made an upper opening-office holder and died early in the Daye era of Sui.
90
彭樂，字興，安定人也。 驍勇善騎射。 初隨杜洛周賊，知其不立，降爾硃榮。 從破葛榮於滏口。 又為都督，從神武與行台僕射於暉討破羊侃於瑕丘。 後叛投逆賊韓樓，封北平王。 及爾硃榮遣大都督侯深擊樓，樂又叛樓降深。 神武出山東，樂又隨從。 韓陵之役，樂先登陷陣，賊眾大崩，封樂城縣公。 後以軍功，進爵汨陽郡公，除肆州刺史。 天平四年，從神武西討，與周文相拒。 神武欲緩持之，樂氣奮請決戰，曰：「我眾賊少，百人取一，差不可失也。」 神武從之。 樂因醉入深，被刺腸出，內之不盡，截去復戰，身被數創，軍勢遂挫，不利而還。 神武每追諭以戒之。 高仲密之叛也，周文援之，神武迎擊於芒山。 候騎言賊去洛州四十里，蓐食乾飯，神武曰：「自應渴死，保待我殺！」 乃勒陣以待之。 西軍至皆喉氇參。 樂以數千精騎為右甄，沖西軍北垂，所向奔退，遂馳入周文營。 人告樂叛，神武曰：「樂棄韓樓事爾硃榮，背爾硃歸我，又叛入西。 事成敗豈在一樂？ 但念小人反覆爾。」 俄而西北塵起，樂使告捷，虜西魏臨洮王東、蜀郡王榮宗、江夏王升、钜鹿王闡、譙郡王亮、詹事趙善，督將僚佐四十八人，皆系頸反接手，臨以刃，曆兩陣而唱名焉。 諸將乘勝，斬首三萬餘。 西軍退，神武使樂追之。 周文大窘而走，曰：「癡男子！ 今日無我，明日豈有汝邪？ 何不急還前營收金寶？」 樂從其言，獲周文金帶一束以歸，言周文漏刃破膽矣。 神武詰之，樂以周文言對。 且曰：「不為此語放之。」 神武雖喜其勝，且怒，令伏諸地，親稱其頭，連頓之，並數沙苑之失，舉刀將下者三，噤齘良久，乃止。 更請五千騎取周文。 神武曰：「爾何放而復言捉邪？」 取絹三千疋壓樂，因賜之。 累遷司徒。 天保初，封陳留王，遷太尉。 二年，謀反，為前行襄州事劉章等告，伏誅。
Peng Le, styled Xing, was from Anding. He was fierce in battle and a master of mounted archery. He first followed the rebel Du Luozhou; seeing the cause would not last, he surrendered to Erzhu Rong. He helped crush Ge Rong at the Fu crossing. As area commander he followed Gao Huan and Front Office Vice Director Yu Hui to defeat Yang Kan at Xiaqiu. He later defected to the rebel Han Lou and was made Prince of Beiping. When Erzhu Rong sent Grand Area Commander Hou Shen against Han Lou, Le defected again and surrendered to Hou Shen. When Gao Huan marched into Shandong, Le followed once more. At Hanling he was first over the wall; the enemy ranks shattered, and he was enfeoffed as Duke of Lecheng. For further merit he was raised to Duke of Miyang and made governor of Si. In the fourth year of Tianping he followed Gao Huan west and faced Yuwen Tai. Gao Huan wanted to wear the enemy down, but Le burned to fight and begged for a decisive battle: "We outnumber them—pick one man in a hundred and we cannot miss this chance." Gao Huan agreed. Drunk, Le charged too deep; stabbed, he could not tuck his bowels back in, cut off the hanging part, and fought on until he was covered in wounds; the army's momentum broke and they retreated in defeat. Gao Huan often brought the episode up to warn him. When Gao Zhongmi rebelled, Yuwen Tai marched to his aid and Gao Huan met him at Mount Mang. Scouts reported the enemy forty li from Lu, eating dry rations on the march; Gao Huan said, "They will die of thirst on their own—why should I bother to kill them?" He drew up his ranks and waited. When the Western army came up, they were still eating dry fare on their felt mats. Le led several thousand elite horsemen on the right, shattered the northern flank of the Western army, and galloped straight into Yuwen Tai's camp. Someone cried that Le had turned traitor; Gao Huan said, "Le left Han Lou for Erzhu Rong, abandoned the Erzhu for me, and might betray me for the West. Does victory or defeat hang on Peng Le alone? I only remember how fickle such men can be." Soon dust rose in the northwest; Le's messenger brought word of victory—Prince Dong of Lintao, Prince Rongzong of Shujun, Prince Sheng of Jiangxia, Prince Chan of Julu, Prince Liang of Qiao, Grand Tutor Zhao Shan, and forty-eight officers and staff, necks roped and hands bound behind them, blades at their throats, marched between the armies while their names were shouted aloud. The generals pressed the victory and took more than thirty thousand heads. As the Western army fell back, Gao Huan sent Le in pursuit. Yuwen Tai fled in distress and shouted, "You fool! If I am gone today, will there be a tomorrow for you? Why not hurry back to the forward camp and loot the gold and jewels?" Le took the bait, seized a bundle of Yuwen Tai's gold belt, and returned boasting that Yuwen Tai had slipped through his blade with his courage broken. Gao Huan questioned him, and Le repeated Yuwen Tai's words. He added, "If not for that speech I would not have let him go." Gao Huan was glad of the victory yet furious Le had let Tai escape; he had Le lie down, seized his head, and knocked it against the ground again and again, counting the defeat at Shayuan; thrice he raised the blade to strike, gnashed his teeth a long while, and at last stayed his hand. Le then asked for five thousand horse to capture Yuwen Tai. Gao Huan said, "Why did you let him go—and now speak of capturing him again?" He had three thousand bolts of silk heaped on Le and then gave them to him. He rose step by step to Minister over the Masses. At the opening of Tianbao he was made Prince of Chenliu and Grand Commandant. In the second year he plotted rebellion; Liu Zhang and others handling forward affairs at Xiang reported him, and he was executed.
91
暴顯，字思祖，魏郡斥丘人也。 祖喟，仕魏，為朔州刺史，因家焉。 父誕，恆州刺史、樂安公。 顯幼時，見一沙門指之曰：「此郎子好相表，大必為良將，貴極人臣。」 語終失之。 顯善騎射，曾從魏孝莊獵，一日中，手獲禽獸七十三。 後從齊神武起義信都，累遷北徐州刺史，封屯留公。 天保中，以贓貨解州，大理禁止。 處判未訖，為合肥被圍，遣顯與步大汗薩等攻梁北徐州，禽其刺史王強。 天統中，累遷，位特進，封定陽王，卒。
Bao Xian, styled Sizu, came from Chiqiu in Wei commandery. His grandfather Kai served Wei as governor of Shuo and the family settled there. His father Dan was governor of Heng and Duke of Le'an. When Xian was young a monk pointed at him and said, "This boy has a noble face; grown he will surely be a fine general, exalted to the utmost among ministers." When the words ended the monk was gone. Xian was skilled in mounted archery. He once followed Emperor Xiaozhuang of Wei on a hunt and in one day took seventy-three birds and beasts with his own hands. Later he followed Gao Huan in raising the righteous army at Xindu, rose to governor of Northern Xu, and was enfeoffed Duke of Tunliu. During Tianbao he was removed from office for bribery and confined by the Court of Review. Before judgment was finished Hefei was besieged; Xian was sent with Buda Hansa and others to attack Liang's Northern Xu and capture its governor Wang Qiang. During Tiantong he rose through repeated promotions to Special Advancement, was enfeoffed Prince of Dingyang, and died.
92
皮景和
Pi Jinghe
93
皮景和，琅邪下邳人也。 父慶賓，魏淮南王開府中兵參軍。 正光中，因使遇亂，遂家廣甯之石門縣。 景和少通敏，善騎射。 初以親信事神武。 後征步落稽，疑賊有伏，令景和將五六騎深入一穀。 遇賊百餘人，便戰。 景和射數十人，莫不應弦而倒。 神武嘗令景和射一野豕，一箭獲之，深見賞異。 除庫直正都督。 天保初，授通州刺史，封永寧縣子。 景和趫捷，有武用，從襲庫莫奚，度黃龍，征契丹，定稽胡，討蠕蠕，每有戰功。 累遷殿中尚書、侍中。 景和於武職中兼長吏事，又懷識平均，故頻有美授。 周通好後，冠蓋往來，常令景和對接。 每與同射，百發百中，甚見推重。
Pi Jinghe came from Xiapi in Langye. His father Qingbin was a junior military aide in the Prince of Huainan of Wei's opening office. During Zhenguang, on a mission he met the age's disorder and settled his family in Shimen county, Guangning. From youth Jinghe was quick and perceptive and skilled in mounted archery. At first he served Gao Huan as a trusted intimate. Later, campaigning against the Buluoji, suspecting an ambush, he ordered Jinghe to take five or six horsemen deep into a ravine. They met more than a hundred bandits and fought at once. Jinghe shot down scores of men; every arrow dropped its man. Gao Huan once had Jinghe shoot a wild boar; one arrow brought it down, and he won deep admiration. He was made regular director of the treasury guards. At the beginning of Tianbao he was made governor of Tong and enfeoffed Viscount of Yongning. Swift and martial, Jinghe joined raids on the Kumo Xi, crossed Huanglong, fought the Khitan, pacified the Jiehu, and attacked the Rouran—winning merit at every turn. He rose to director of the palace secretariat and palace attendant. Though a fighting man, he also handled civil affairs well; fair-minded and even-handed, he won repeated fine appointments. After Zhou and Qi made peace, envoys came and went constantly, and he was regularly ordered to receive them. Shooting with them he never missed; he was greatly esteemed.
94
武平中，詔獄多令中黃門等監之，恆令景和案覆，據理執正，由是過無枉濫。 後除特進，封廣漢郡公，遷領軍將軍。 琅邪王之殺和士開，兵指西闕，內外莫知所為。 景和請後主出千秋門，自號令。 事平，除尚書右僕射。
During Wuping, imperial prison cases were often supervised by palace eunuchs; Jinghe was constantly ordered to review them, hold to principle, and insist on justice—so that no case was wrongly pushed too far. Later he was made Special Advancement, enfeoffed Duke of Guanghan, and made general of the palace garrison. When the Prince of Langye killed He Shikai, troops massed at the western gate; court and city alike were at a loss. Jinghe asked the Later Lord to go out through the Gate of a Thousand Autumns and took command himself. When the crisis passed he was made right vice director of the department of state affairs.
95
陳將吳明徹寇淮南，令景和拒之。 除領軍大將軍。 封文城郡王。 又有平陽人鄭子饒，詐依佛道設齋會，用米麵不多，供贍甚廣，密從地藏，漸出餅飯。 愚人以為神力，見信于魏、衛之間。 將為逆亂，謀泄。 乃潛度河聚眾，自號長樂王，已破乘氏縣。 景和遣騎擊破之，禽子饒，送鄴烹之。 及吳明徹圍壽陽，敕景和與賀拔伏恩救之。 是時，拒明徹者多傾覆，唯景和全軍而還。 除尚書令。 武平六年，卒。 贈太尉、錄尚書。
When Chen general Wu Mingche invaded Huainan, Jinghe was ordered to resist him. He was made grand general of the palace garrison. He was enfeoffed Prince of Wencheng. There was also Zheng Zirao of Pingyang, who posed as a Buddhist, held feasts with little rice and flour yet fed a great crowd, and secretly from underground stores kept producing cakes and rice. Fools took it for divine power, and he won believers between Wei and Wey. He was about to rebel; the plot leaked. He crossed the river in secret, gathered followers, styled himself King of Changle, and had already seized Chengxian county. Jinghe sent cavalry, broke him, captured Zirao, and sent him to Ye to be boiled alive. When Wu Mingche besieged Shouyang, an edict ordered Jinghe and Heba Fu'en to relieve the city. Many who faced Mingche were ruined; only Jinghe brought his army back whole. He was made director of the department of state affairs. In the sixth year of Wuping he died. Posthumously he was honored as grand commandant and recorder of the department of state affairs.
96
長子信，機悟有風神。 位開府儀同三司、武衛將軍，于勳貴子弟中，稱其識鑒。 降周軍，授上開府、軍正中大夫。 隋開皇中，卒于洮州刺史。
His eldest son Xin was quick-witted, with spirit and bearing. He held opening office, rank equal to the three excellencies, and military guard general; among sons of meritorious houses he was praised for discernment. He surrendered to the Zhou army and was made upper opening office and chief rectifier of the army. In Kaihuang of Sui he died as governor of Tao.
97
少子宿達，開皇中，通事舍人。 母憂起復，將赴京，辭靈，慟哭而絕。 久而獲蘇，不能下食，三日而死。
His younger son Sudaa, in Kaihuang, was master of communications. Called back from mourning before the mourning term ended, as he was about to go to the capital he took leave at the spirit tablet and wept until he lost consciousness. Long afterward he revived but could not eat; on the third day he died.
98
綦連猛
Qi Lianmeng
99
綦連猛，字武兒，代人也。 其先姬姓，六國末，避亂出塞，保祈連山，因以山為姓。 北人語訛，故曰綦連。 父元成，燕郡太守。 猛少有志氣，便弓馬。 初為爾硃榮親信。 榮被害，從爾硃兆入洛。 猛父母兄弟皆在山東，爾硃京纏欲投神武，召之與俱。 舉槊謂曰：「不從我者死！」 乃從之。 去城五十餘里，猛以素蒙兆恩，即背京纏復歸兆。 兆敗，猛與斛律羌舉、乞伏貴和逃亡。 及見獲，各杖一百。 以猛配尉景，貴和配婁昭。 羌舉以故酋長子，故無所配。 既而三人並為神武親信。 後都督爾硃文暢將為逆，猛曰：「昔事其父兄，寧今日受死，不忍告而殺之。」 神武聞之曰：「事人當如此。」 舍其罪而益親之。 以軍功，封廣興縣侯。 梁使來聘，雲求角武藝。 文襄遣猛就館接之，雙帶兩鞬，左右馳射。 校挽強弓，梁人引弓兩張，皆三石； 猛遂並取四張，疊挽之，過度。 梁人嗟服。 天保初，除東秦州刺史。 河清三年，加開府。 突厥侵逼晉陽，敕猛覘賊。 中一騎將超出來鬥，猛即斬之。
Qi Lianmeng, styled Wu'er, came from Dai. His ancestors were Ji clansmen; at the end of the Six States they fled turmoil beyond the passes, sheltered on Mount Qilian, and took the mountain as surname. Northern speech slurred it, hence Qilian. His father Yuancheng was governor of Yan commandery. In youth Meng had spirit and resolve and was adept with bow and horse. At first he was Erzhu Rong's trusted intimate. When Rong was killed he followed Erzhu Zhao into Luoyang. Meng's parents, brothers, and kin were all in Shandong; Erzhu Jingchan wished to join Gao Huan and summoned Meng to go with him. Raising his spear he said, "Whoever does not follow me dies!" So Meng followed. Fifty-odd li from the city, Meng—long favored by Zhao—turned on Jingchan and went back to Zhao. When Zhao was defeated, Meng fled with Hulu Qiangju and Qifu Guihe. When they were captured, each was beaten a hundred strokes. Meng was assigned to Wei Jing, Guihe to Lou Zhao. Qiangju, as son of a former tribal chief, had no assignment. Before long all three were again Gao Huan's trusted intimates. Later area commander Erzhu Wenchang was about to rebel; Meng said, "I served his father and brothers; I would rather die today than betray him to have him killed." Gao Huan heard it and said, "Loyalty should be like this." He pardoned the offense and drew him closer still. For military merit he was enfeoffed Marquis of Guangxing. A Liang envoy came, asking to test martial skill. Gao Cheng sent Meng to the guest lodge to receive them, two quivers at his belt, shooting left and right at the gallop. They tested the bow; the Liang men drew two bows apiece, each three piculs— Meng took all four, drew them stacked, and passed the mark. The Liang envoys sighed in admiration. At the beginning of Tianbao he was made governor of Eastern Qin. In the third year of Heqing he received opening office. When the Turks pressed Jinyang, an edict ordered Meng to scout the enemy. One enemy rider charged out to fight; Meng cut him down at once.
100
天統五年，除並省尚書令、領軍大將軍，封山陽王。 猛自和士開死後，漸預朝政，疑議與奪，咸亦咨稟。 趙彥深以猛武將之中，頗疾奸佞，言議時有可采，故引知機事。 祖珽奏言猛與彥深前推琅邪王，事有意故。 於是出猛為定州刺史。 彥深為西兗州刺史，即日首途。 先是，謠曰：「七月刈禾太早，九月啖糕未好，本欲尋山射虎，激箭旁中趙老。」 至是，其言乃驗。 猛行至牛蘭，有人告和士開被害時，猛亦知情，遂被追還，削王爵，以開府赴州。 在任寬惠清慎，吏人稱之。 淮陰王阿那肱與猛有舊，每欲攜引之，韓長鸞等沮難。 復授膠州刺史。 後除大將軍。 齊亡入周，卒。
In the fifth year of Tiantong he was made director of the department of state affairs for the parallel provinces and grand general of the palace garrison, and enfeoffed Prince of Shanyang. After He Shikai's death Meng gradually joined court deliberations; doubtful judgments and appointments were all referred to him. Zhao Yanshen saw that among generals Meng especially hated treachery and flattery and that his counsel was sometimes worth taking, and drew him into confidential affairs. Zu Ting memorialized that Meng and Yanshen had earlier backed the Prince of Langye with deliberate intent. Meng was sent out as governor of Ding. Yanshen was made governor of Western Yan and set out the same day. A rhyme had run: "Reaping in the seventh month is too soon; cakes in the ninth are not ready; I meant to hunt the mountain tiger, but a stray arrow struck Old Zhao." Now the rhyme came true. When Meng reached Niulan someone reported he had known of He Shikai's murder; he was recalled, stripped of his princedom, and went to his post with opening office only. In office he was lenient, kind, and scrupulous; officials and people praised him. Prince of Huaiyin Anakhu was old friends with Meng and often wished to advance him; Han Changluan and others blocked the way. He was again made governor of Jiao. Later he was made grand general. When Qi fell he entered Zhou and died there.
101
初，猛與尉興慶、謝猥餒並善射小心，給事神武左右。 神武使相者視之，曰：「猛大貴，尉、謝無官。」 及芒山之役，興慶救神武之窘，為軍所殺。 神武歎曰：「富貴定在天也！」 猛竟如相者言，卒以榮寵自畢。
Earlier Meng, together with Wei Xingqing and Xie Wei'nei, were all skilled archers and careful attendants in Gao Huan's service. Gao Huan had a physiognomist examine them. "Meng will rise very high," he said; "Wei and Xie will never hold office. At the battle of Mount Mang, Xingqing rescued Gao Huan from peril and was killed in the fighting. Gao Huan sighed and said, "Wealth and rank are fixed in Heaven! Meng proved the physiognomist right and lived out his days in glory and favor.
102
興慶事見《齊本紀》。 興慶每入陣，常自署名於背。 神武使求其屍，祭之。 於死處立浮圖，世謂高王浮圖云。 於是超贈儀同、涇州刺史，諡曰閔壯。
Xingqing's story appears in the Basic Annals of Qi. Whenever Xingqing went into battle he signed his own name on his back. Gao Huan had his body recovered and offered sacrifice. A stupa was raised where he fell; later ages called it the Prince Gao Stupa. He was then posthumously made grand master of splendid parallels and governor of Jing, with the posthumous name Minzhuang.
103
元景安
Yuan Jingan
104
元景安，河南洛陽人，魏昭成皇帝之五世孫也。 高祖虔，陳留王。 景安沈敏有幹局，少工騎射，善於事人。 父永啟回代郡公授之。 隨魏孝武帝西入關。 天平末，周、齊交戰，景安臨陣東歸。 芒山之戰，以功賜爵西華縣男，代郡公如故。 景安妙閑馳騁，有容則，每梁使至，恆與斛律光、皮景和等對客騎射，見者稱善。 天保初，別封興勢伯，帶定襄縣令，賜姓高氏，累遷兼七兵尚書。
Yuan Jingan came from Luoyang in Henan and was a fifth-generation descendant of Emperor Zhaocheng of Wei. His ancestor Qian was Prince of Chenliu. Jingan was deep, keen, and capable; from youth he excelled at mounted archery and knew how to win men. His father Yong memorialized to transfer the Duke of Dai commandery back to him. He followed Emperor Xiaowu of Wei west through the Pass. At the end of Tianping, as Zhou and Qi fought, Jingan surrendered on the field and returned east. At Mount Mang he was rewarded with Baron of Xihua county for his merit; the Duke of Dai commandery remained as before. Jingan was skilled at the gallop and had dignified bearing; whenever Liang envoys arrived he was always ordered with Hulu Guang, Pi Jinghe, and others to receive them in mounted archery, and onlookers praised the display. Early in Tianbao he was separately enfeoffed Earl of Xingshi, made magistrate of Dingxiang, granted the surname Gao, and rose to concurrent minister of the seven armories.
105
時初築長城，鎮戍未立，詔景安與諸將緣塞以備守。 督領既多，且所部軍人富於財物，遂賄貨公行。 文宣聞之，遣使推檢，唯景安纖毫無犯。 帝深嘉歎，乃以所斂贓絹五百匹賜，以彰清節。 孝昭嘗與功臣西園宴射，侯去堂一百三十步，中的者賜以良馬及金玉錦彩。 有一人射中獸頭，去鼻寸餘。 唯景安最後，有矢未發。 帝令景安解之。 景安引滿，正中獸鼻。 帝嗟異稱善，特賞馬二匹，玉帛雜物，又加常等。
The long wall was then first being built and frontier garrisons were not yet in place; an edict ordered Jingan and the other generals to patrol the frontier defenses. The command was broad and his troops were wealthy; bribery soon flourished openly. Emperor Wenxuan heard of it and sent investigators; only Jingan was without the slightest taint. The emperor praised him deeply and bestowed five hundred bolts of the confiscated graft silk on him to honor his integrity. Emperor Xiaozhao once held an archery feast with meritorious ministers in the Western Garden. The target stood one hundred thirty paces from the hall; whoever hit it received fine horses and gifts of gold, jade, and brocade. One man struck the beast's head, missing the nose by little more than an inch. Jingan shot last, with one arrow still unspent. The emperor told Jingan to take his shot. Jingan drew to the full and struck the beast's nose dead center. The emperor marveled and praised him, specially rewarding two horses, jade silks, and other gifts beyond the usual prize.
106
天統四年，除豫州刺史，加開府儀同三司。 武平三年，授行台尚書令，刺史如故。 封曆陽郡王。 景安久在邊州，人物安之。 又管內蠻多華少，景安被以恩威，咸得寧輯。 武平末，徵拜領軍大將軍。 入周，以大將軍、義甯郡公討稽胡，戰沒。
In the fourth year of Tiantong he was made governor of Yu and given opening office with grand master of splendid parallels of the third rank. In the third year of Wuping he was made circuit director of the masters of writing while keeping the governorship. He was enfeoffed Prince of Liyang commandery. Jingan served long on the frontier, and the people lived in peace under him. Within his jurisdiction barbarians were many and Chinese few; Jingan governed them with kindness and sternness until all were settled. At the end of Wuping he was summoned and made grand general of the palace garrison. He entered Zhou; as grand general and Duke of Yining commandery he campaigned against the Ji Hu and was killed in battle.
107
初，永兄祚襲爵陳留王。 祚卒，子景皓嗣。 天保時誅諸元親近者，如景安之徙疏宗，議請姓高氏。 景皓云：「豈得棄本宗，遂他姓？ 大丈夫寧可玉碎，不能瓦全。」 景安以白文宣，乃收景皓誅之，家屬徙彭城。 由是景安獨賜姓高氏，自外聽從本姓。
Earlier Yong's elder brother Zuo had inherited the title Prince of Chenliu. When Zuo died, his son Jinghao succeeded him. In Tianbao, when the Yuan who were close associates were executed, distant collateral lines such as Jingan's clan were ordered to take the surname Gao. Jinghao said, "How can one abandon one's own clan and take another surname? A true man would rather be jade shattered than tile made whole. Jingan reported this to Emperor Wenxuan. Jinghao was seized and executed, and his household was exiled to Pengcheng. Thereafter only Jingan was granted the surname Gao; all others were allowed to keep their original surnames.
108
永弟種子豫，字景豫，美容儀，有器幹。 景安告景皓慢言，引豫，雲相應和。 豫占云：「爾時以衣袖掩景皓口，云：莫妄言。」 問景皓，與豫同，獲免。 卒于東徐州刺史。
Yong's younger brother Zhong's son Yu, courtesy name Jingyu, was handsome and capable. Jingan reported Jinghao's disrespectful words and implicated Yu, claiming he had echoed them. Yu said under questioning, "At the time I covered Jinghao's mouth with my sleeve and told him not to speak rashly. Jinghao, questioned, said the same, and was spared. He died while serving as governor of Eastern Xu.
109
獨孤永業
Dugu Yongye
110
獨孤永業，字世基。 本姓劉，中山人也，母改適獨孤氏，永業幼隨母，為獨孤家養，遂從其姓。 天保初，除中書舍人。 永業解書計，善歌舞，甚為文宣所知。 後為洛州刺史、河陽行台左丞，甚有威信。 遷行台尚書。 永業久在河陽，善於招撫，周人憚之。 姓鯁直，不交權勢。 斛律光求二婢，弗得，毀之於朝廷。 河清末，徵為太僕卿，以乞伏貴和代之，於是西境蹙弱，河洛人情騷動。 武平三年，遣永業取斛律豐洛，因以為北道行台僕射、幽州刺史。 河洛人庶多思永業，又除河陽道行台、洛州刺史。 周武帝親攻金墉，永業出兵禦之，問是何達官，作何行動。 周人曰：「至尊自來，主人何不出看客？」 永業曰：「客行匆匆，故不出看。」 乃通夜辦馬槽二千。 周人聞之，以為大軍至，乃去。 進位開府、臨川王。 有甲士三萬。 聞晉州敗，請出兵北討，奏寢不報，永業慨憤。 又聞并州亦陷，乃遣子須達告降于周。 授上柱國、應公。 宣政末，為襄州總管。 大象二年，為行軍總管崔彥睦所殺。
Dugu Yongye, courtesy name Shiji. He was originally surnamed Liu and came from Zhongshan. His mother remarried into the Dugu clan; Yongye followed her in youth, was raised in their household, and took their surname. Early in Tianbao he was made secretariat vice-director. Yongye was literate and numerate, excelled at song and dance, and came to Emperor Wenxuan's notice. Later he became governor of Luo and left assistant commissioner on the Heyang circuit, with great prestige. He was promoted to circuit senior minister. Yongye had long served at Heyang and was skilled at winning people over; the Zhou learned to fear him. Blunt and upright by nature, he kept no company with the powerful. Hulü Guang asked for two maidservants and was refused; he slandered Yongye at court. Late in Heqing he was recalled as grand minister of studs and replaced by Qifu Guihe. The western frontier weakened at once, and Heyang and Luoyang grew restless. In the third year of Wuping he was sent to take Hulü Fengluo and was made right vice minister of the northern circuit and governor of You. The people of Heyang and Luoyang missed him; he was again made right vice minister of the Heyang circuit and governor of Luo. Emperor Wu of Zhou attacked Jinyong in person. Yongye marched out to meet him and called, "What great man is that, and what is he up to?" The Zhou answered, "His Majesty has come in person. Why does our host not come out to greet his guest? Yongye said, "The guest is in too great a hurry—that is why I do not come out." That night he had two thousand horse troughs prepared. The Zhou heard of it, thought a great army had arrived, and withdrew. He was advanced to opening office and Prince of Linchuan. He commanded thirty thousand armored troops. When he heard Jinzhou had fallen he asked to march north to fight; his memorials went unanswered, and Yongye burned with indignation. When he also heard Bingzhou had fallen he sent his son Xuda to offer surrender to Zhou. He was made upper pillar of state and Duke of Ying. At the end of Xuanzheng he was made commander-in-chief of Xiang. In the second year of Daxiang he was killed by campaign commander-in-chief Cui Yanmu.
111
鮮于世榮
Xianyu Shirong
112
鮮于世榮，漁陽人也。 父寶業，懷朔鎮將。 武平初，贈儀同三司、祠部尚書。 世榮少沈敏，有器幹。 興和二年，為神武親信都督，稍遷平西將軍，賜爵石門縣子。 天統二年，累加開府儀同三司，除鄭州刺史。 武平中，以領軍從平高思好，封義陽郡王、領軍大將軍、太子太傅。 及周武帝入代，送馬腦酒鐘與之，得便撞破。 周兵入鄴，諸將皆降，世榮在三台之前，獨鳴鼓不輟。 及被執不屈，乃見殺。 世榮雖武人，無文藝，以朝危政亂，每常竊歎。 見徵稅無厭，賞賜過度，發言歎息焉。
Xianyu Shirong came from Yuyang. His father Baoye was garrison commander of Huaishuo. Early in Wuping he was posthumously made grand master of splendid parallels of the third rank and minister of the ancestral shrines. Shirong in youth was deep, keen, and capable. In the second year of Xinghe he became Gao Huan's trusted attendant commander, was gradually promoted to general who pacifies the west, and was enfeoffed Viscount of Shimen county. In the second year of Tiantong he received opening office with grand master of splendid parallels of the third rank and was made governor of Zheng. In Wuping, as director of the guard corps he followed the pacification of Gao Sihao and was enfeoffed Prince of Yiyang commandery, made grand general of the palace garrison and grand tutor of the heir apparent. When Emperor Wu of Zhou entered Dai he sent agate wine goblets; Shirong seized the chance and smashed them. When Zhou troops entered Ye the generals all surrendered; Shirong alone before the Three Platforms kept beating the drum without cease. Seized, he would not yield and was killed. Though a soldier without literary polish, he often sighed in private at the court's peril and the chaos of government. Seeing taxes levied without end and rewards lavished beyond measure, he spoke out in sighs.
113
子貞，武平末，假儀同三司。
His son Zhen, at the end of Wuping, was given acting grand master of splendid parallels of the third rank.
114
傅伏，太安人也。 少從戎，以戰功。 稍至開府、永橋領人大都督。 周武帝前攻河陰，伏自永橋夜入中氵單城。 南城陷，被圍二旬不下。 救兵至，周師還。 後除東雍州刺史。 周克晉州，執行台尉相貴。 招伏，伏不從。 周克并州，遺韋孝寬以伏子世寬來招伏，授上大將軍、武鄉郡公，即給告身，以金馬腦二酒鐘為信。 伏不受曰：「事君，有死無二。 此兒為臣不能竭忠，為子不能盡孝，人所仇疾，願即斬之，以號令天下。」 周武自鄴還至晉州，遣高阿那肱等臨汾召伏。 伏聞後主已被獲，仰天大哭，率眾入城，於査事前，北面哭良久，然後降。 周武見曰：「何不早降？」 伏流涕曰：「臣三世衣食齊家，被任如此，革命不能自死，羞見天地。」 周武親執手曰：「為臣當若此。 朕平齊，唯見公一人。」 乃自食一羊肋，以骨賜伏，曰：「骨親肉疏，所以相付。」 遂引與同食。 令于侍伯色宿衛，授上儀同，敕之曰：「若即與公高官，恐歸投者心動。 勿慮不富貴。」 又問：「前救河陰得何官？」 曰：「蒙一轉，授特進、永昌郡公。」 周武謂後主曰：「朕前三年，決意取河陰，正為傅伏不可動。 公當時賞授，何其薄也？」 賜伏金酒卮。 後以為岷州刺史，尋卒。
Fu Fu came from Tai'an. He took the army young and rose through battle merit. He gradually rose to opening office and grand commander of the Yong Bridge tribal settlement. When Emperor Wu of Zhou advanced on Heyin, Fu crossed from Yong Bridge at night and entered Zhongtan fortress. The south city fell, yet he held under siege for twenty days without yielding. Relief came and the Zhou withdrew. Later he was made governor of Eastern Yong. When Zhou took Jinzhou they seized circuit commissioner Wei Xianggui. They summoned Fu to surrender; he refused. When Zhou took Bingzhou they sent Wei Xiaokuan with Fu's son Shikuan to win him over, appointing him grand general and Duke of Wuxiang commandery, issuing his commission at once, with two golden agate wine goblets as pledge. Fu refused and said, "To serve one's lord is to die without a second loyalty. This boy has failed as a minister to give his lord full loyalty and as a son to show full filial devotion—men despise him. I beg that he be executed at once, as a warning to all under Heaven." Emperor Wu of Zhou returned from Ye to Jinzhou and sent Gao Anagub and others to Fen to summon Fu. When Fu heard the Later Ruler had been taken, he looked up to Heaven and wailed. He led his troops into the city, knelt facing north before the inquiry office, and wept a long while before he surrendered. Emperor Wu received him and said, "Why did you not surrender sooner?" Fu wept and said, "Three generations of my house have lived on Qi's bounty. Entrusted as I was, when the dynasty fell I could not die by my own hand—I am ashamed to face Heaven and Earth." The emperor took his hand and said, "This is how a minister ought to be. In pacifying Qi I have found only you, sir." He ate a lamb rib himself, then gave Fu the bone, saying, "The bone is kin; the flesh is apart—therefore I entrust this to you." He then had him sit and eat with him. He put Yu Shibose on night guard over him and made him Senior Pillar of State, telling him, "If I raise you to high rank at once, those who have just defected may grow restless. Do not fear that you will lack wealth and honor." He also asked, "When you held Heyin, what rank did you receive?" He answered, "I was promoted once—to Superlative Pillar and Duke of Yongchang commandery." Emperor Wu said to the Later Ruler, "Three years ago I set my mind on taking Heyin—and it was solely because Fu Fu could not be budged. The reward you gave him then—how paltry!" He gave Fu a golden wine cup. Later he was appointed governor of Minzhou and soon died.
115
齊軍晉州敗後，兵將罕有全節。 有其殺身成仁者，有儀同叱于苟生。 鎮南兗州。 周武破鄴，赦書至，苟生自縊死。
After the Qi army's rout at Jinzhou, few officers and men kept their honor intact. Some died to fulfill humanity's highest call—among them Pillar-of-State Chiyu Gusheng. He held southern Yanzhou. When Emperor Wu took Ye and the amnesty arrived, Gusheng hanged himself.
116
又有開府、中侍中、宦者田敬宣，本字鵬，蠻人也。 年十四五，便好讀書。 既為閽寺，伺隙便周章詢請。 每至文林館，氣喘汗流，問書之外，不暇他語。 及視古人節義事，未嘗不感激沈吟。 顏之推重其勤學，甚加開獎。 後遂通顯。 後主之奔青州，遣其西出參伺動靜，為周軍所獲。 問齊主何在，紿雲已去。 毆捶服之。 每折一肢，辭色愈厲，竟斷四體而卒。
There was also Opening Office and Palace Attendant within the Seraglio, the eunuch Tian Jingxuan—courtesy name Peng—a Man tribesman. At fourteen or fifteen he was already devoted to books. Once he served in the gate-guard, he seized every opening to hurry about with questions and pleas. Whenever he reached the Forest of Letters Hall he came panting, sweat streaming down—beyond questions of books he had breath for nothing else. When he read of ancient men's integrity and righteousness, he was always stirred to sigh and murmur long. Yan Zhitui prized his zeal for learning and encouraged him warmly. He later rose to high office. When the Later Ruler fled to Qingzhou, he sent Jingxuan west to watch the enemy's movements; Zhou troops captured him. Asked where the Qi ruler was, he lied that he had already fled. They beat him until he yielded the truth. Each time a limb was broken his bearing grew fiercer; when all four were severed at last, he died.
117
又有雷顯和，晉州敗後，為建州道行台左僕射。 周武帝使其子招焉，顯和禁其子而不受。 聞鄴城敗，乃降。
There was also Lei Xianhe, who after the Jinzhou defeat became Left Vice President of the Jianzhou Circuit Platform. Emperor Wu of Zhou sent his son to win him over; Xianhe kept his son from going and refused. When he heard Ye had fallen, he surrendered.
118
後主失并州，使開府紇奚永安告急於突厥他缽略可汗。 及聞齊滅，他缽處永安於吐谷渾使下。 永安抗言曰：「本國既敗，永安豈惜賤命？ 欲閉氣自絕，恐天下不知大齊有死節臣。 唯乞一刀，以顯示遠近。」 他缽嘉之，贈馬七十疋，歸之。
When the Later Ruler lost Bingzhou, he sent Opening Office Hexi Yong'an to beg urgent aid of the Türk Qaghan Tabo Lüe. When they heard Qi had fallen, Tabo placed Yong'an under a Tuyuhun envoy. Yong'an spoke defiantly: "My state is already lost—why should Yong'an cling to this worthless life? I meant to hold my breath and die, but feared the world would never know that Great Qi had a minister who died for his integrity. I ask only for a blade, that near and far may see it." Tabo praised him, gave him seventy horses, and sent him home.
119
又有代人高寶甯，武平末，為營州刺史，鎮黃龍。 夷夏重其威信。 周武帝平齊，遺信招慰，不受敕書。 范陽王紹義在突厥中，寶寧上表勸進。 范陽王署寶甯為丞相。 及盧昌期據范陽起兵，寶寧引紹義集夷夏兵數萬救之。 至潞河，知周將宇文神舉屠范陽，還據黃龍。
There was also the Dai man Gao Baoning, who at the end of the Wuping era was governor of Yingzhou, holding Huanglong. Barbarians and Chinese alike honored his authority and good faith. When Emperor Wu of Zhou pacified Qi he sent envoys to reassure him; Baoning would not accept the imperial writ. Prince of Fanyang Shaoyi was with the Türks; Baoning memorialized urging him to take the throne. The Prince of Fanyang named Baoning his Chancellor. When Lu Changqi seized Fanyang and raised arms, Baoning brought Shaoyi to gather tens of thousands of barbarian and Chinese troops to relieve the city. At the Lu River he learned that the Zhou general Yuwen Shenju had sacked Fanyang; he turned back to hold Huanglong.
120
論曰：爾硃殘逆，遠效誠款，知神武陵逼，隨帝西遷，去就之途，未為失節。 道元感母兄之戀，荷知遇之恩，思親懷舊，固其宜矣。 生不屈西朝，歸誠河朔； 保年之於開，義異策名。 並乘幾獨運，異夫盜寶竊邑者也。 神武招攜，理殊納叛； 諸將擇木，情非背恩，故能各立功名，終極榮寵。 神敬力屈東維，未虧臣節，其被恩化，蓋亦明主之仁焉。 劉貴、蔡俊有先見之明，匡贊霸業，配饗清廟，豈徒然也。 韓賢、尉長命、王懷、任祥、莫多婁貸文、厙狄回洛，厙狄盛、張保洛、侯莫陳相、薛孤延、斛律羌舉、張瓊、宋顯、王則等，並運屬時來。 或因ＩＵ旅，馮附末光，申其志力，化為王侯，固為宜矣。 孝卿功臣之胤，自致公卿，立履之地，亦足稱也。 慕容紹宗兵機武略，在世見重，昔事爾硃，固執忠義，不用范曾之言，終見烏江之禍。 侯景狼戾，固非後主之臣； 神武遺言，實表知人之鑒。 寒山、渦水，往若摧枯，算盡數奇，逢斯禍酷，悲夫！ 三藏連屬危亡，貞概自處，可謂不隕門節矣。 叱列平、步大汗薩、薛脩義、慕容儼、潘樂、彭樂、暴顯、皮景和、綦連猛、元景安等，策名戎幕，備開夷險，位高任重，咸遂本誠。 永業、世榮之徒，國危方見忠節，不然，則丹青簡冊，安所貴乎。
The Commentary says: When the Erzhu clan turned cruel and perverse, some from afar still offered sincere allegiance. Seeing Yuwen Shenju's pressing threat, they followed the emperor west; on the road of departure and return they did not lose their integrity. Daoyuan was moved by love for mother and elder brother and bore the debt of one who had been recognized and favored; to think of kin and old home was only fitting. Sheng would not bow to the Western court and turned his loyalty to the north of the River; Baonian's stand toward Kai was a different kind of righteousness than merely enrolling one's name; all seized the moment and acted on their own—unlike men who merely stole treasure and seized towns. When Gao Huan drew men in and supported them, it was a different matter from merely taking in defectors; The generals chose where to roost; their hearts were not turned from gratitude. Thus each could build his merit and in the end win glory and favor. Shenjing's strength failed in the eastern marches, yet he did not stain his minister's integrity; that he received grace and was transformed shows also the benevolence of a discerning lord. Liu Gui and Cai Jun had foresight and helped raise the hegemonic enterprise; that they share sacrifice in the Pure Temple was surely not for nothing. Han Xian, Wei Zhangming, Wang Huai, Ren Xiang, Moduoluo Daiwen, Shedi Huiluo, Shedi Sheng, Zhang Baoluo, Houmo Chenxiang, Xue Guyan, Hulu Qiangju, Zhang Qiong, Song Xian, Wang Ze, and others—all rode the tide of their time. Some, as men on the road, clung to the last gleam of fortune, gave their will and strength full play, and were raised to kings and marquises—which was only fitting. Xiaoxing was heir to a house of merit and reached duke and minister by his own effort; the ground on which he stood is also worth praise. Murong Shaozong's military craft and martial strategy were prized in his age. Once in Erzhu's service, he held fast to loyalty and righteousness; refusing counsel like Fan Zeng's, he met at last the disaster of the Black River. Hou Jing was savage and ungovernable—never truly a minister of the Later Ruler; Gao Huan's dying words truly show how keenly he knew men. At Hanshan and the Guo River they swept forward like breaking dead wood—yet fate was spent and fortune turned strange, and they met so cruel a ruin. Alas! Sanchang stood through linked crises until ruin, holding himself with upright integrity—it may be said he did not dim his house's honor. Chi Lieping, Buda Hansa, Xue Xiuyi, Murong Yan, Pan Le, Peng Le, Bao Xian, Pi Jinghe, Qi Lianmeng, Yuan Jing'an, and others enrolled their names on the war council, were tried through every hardship of campaign, rose to high rank and heavy trust, and all fulfilled their first loyalty. Men like Yongye and Shirong showed their loyal integrity only when the state was in peril; otherwise, on what ground would the annals in scarlet and ink hold them dear?