Volume 78 Biographies 66: Zhang Dinghe, Zhang Bian, Mai Tiezhang, Quanwu, Wang Rengong, Tu Wanxu, Dong Chun, Yu Juluo, Wang Bian, Chen Leng, Zhao Cai

張定和張奫麥鐵杖權武王仁恭吐萬緒董純魚俱羅王辯陳稜趙才

Zhang Dinghe; Zhang Ben; Mai Tiezhang; Quan Wu; Wang Rengong; Tuwu Xu; Dong Chun; Yu Juluo; Wang Bian; Chen Ling; and Zhao Cai.

列傳第六十六

Biography 66

張定和張奫麥鐵杖沈光權武王仁恭吐萬緒董純魚俱羅王辯陳稜趙才

Zhang Dinghe; Zhang Ben; Mai Tiezhang; Shen Guang; Quan Wu; Wang Rengong; Tuwu Xu; Dong Chun; Yu Juluo; Wang Bian; Chen Ling; and Zhao Cai.

張定和，字處謐，京兆萬年人也。家少貧賤，有志節。初為侍官，隋開皇九年平陳，定和當從征，無以自給。其妻有嫁時衣服，定和求鬻之，妻不與，定和遂行。以功拜儀同，賜帛千匹，遂棄其妻。後數以軍功，加上開府、驃騎將軍。從上柱國李充征突厥，先登陷陣，所勞問之。進位柱國，封武安縣侯，嘗物二千段，良馬二匹，金百兩。煬帝嗣位，曆宜州刺史、河內太守，頗有惠政。遷左屯衛大將軍。從帝征吐谷渾，至覆袁川。時吐谷渾主與數騎遁，其名王詐為渾主，保車我真山，帝命定和擊之。既與賊遇，輕其眾少，呼之令降，賊不肯下。定和不被甲，挺身登山，中流矢而斃。其亞將柳武達擊賊，悉斬之。帝為之流涕，贈光祿大夫。時舊爵例除，於是復封和武安侯，諡曰壯武。子世立嗣，尋拜光祿大夫。

Zhang Dinghe, courtesy name Chumi, came from Wannian in Jingzhao. His household was poor and humble, yet he possessed firm purpose and moral fiber. He first served as a palace attendant. When Sui conquered Chen in the ninth year of Kaihuang, Dinghe was called to the campaign but could not outfit himself. His wife still had the clothes she had worn at their wedding. Dinghe begged to sell them; she refused, and still he marched away. For his deeds he was made a yitong, given a thousand bolts of silk, and then cast off his wife. Later, on repeated battlefield merit, he rose to upper opening grandee and flying cavalry general. He followed the senior pillar Li Chong against the Turks, was first over the wall and through the enemy line, and the emperor himself praised him. He was raised to pillar of state, enfeoffed as marquis of Wu'an county, and rewarded with two thousand rolls of goods, two fine horses, and a hundred taels of gold. When Emperor Yang took the throne, Dinghe served in turn as governor of Yizhou and prefect of Henei, and in both posts won a name for humane rule. He was made great general of the left dwelling guard. He followed the emperor on the campaign against Tuyuhun as far as the Fuyuan River. The Tuyuhun khan had fled with only a handful of riders; a subject king posed as the khan and held Chewo Zhen Mountain. The emperor ordered Dinghe to strike him. Once he met the foe he despised their small band, shouted for them to yield, and they would not descend. Dinghe wore no armor, climbed the slope with his body exposed, took an arrow, and died. His deputy Liu Wuda fell on the enemy and cut down every man. The emperor wept for him and posthumously made him grand master for splendid happiness. At that time former titles were routinely struck off, so Dinghe was again enfeoffed as marquis of Wu'an, with the posthumous name Zhuangwu. His son Shili inherited the line; soon he too was made grand master for splendid happiness.

張奫，字文懿，清河東武城人也。本名犯廟諱。七代祖沈，石季龍末，自廣陵六合度江家焉。仕至桂陽太守。孫朏，晉佐著作郎。坐外祖楊佺期除名，徙于南譙，因寓居之。奫好讀兵書，長於騎射，尤便刀楯。父雙，自清河太守免，歸周。時鄉人郭子冀密引陳寇，雙欲率子弟擊之，猶豫未決。奫贊成其謀，竟破賊，由是以勇決知名。起家州主簿。及隋文帝作相，授丞相府大都督，領鄉兵。賀若弼之鎮江都也，特敕奫從，因為間諜。平陳之役，頗有力焉。進位開府儀同三司，封文安縣子。歲餘，奫率水軍破逆賊笮子游於京口、薛子建於和州。征入，拜大將軍。文帝命升御坐宴之，謂曰：「卿可為朕兒，朕為卿父。今日聚集，示無外也。」後賜綠沈甲、獸文具裝，綺羅千匹。尋從楊素征江表，別破高智慧於會稽，吳世華於臨海。進位上大將軍。曆撫、濟二州刺史，俱有能名。開皇十八年，為行軍總管，從漢王諒征遼東。諒軍多物故，奫眾獨全，帝善之。仁壽中，卒于潭州總管，諡曰莊。子孝廉。

Zhang Ben, courtesy name Wenyi, came from Dongwucheng in Qinghe. His birth name had violated the taboo of the imperial ancestral temple. Seven generations back, his ancestor Shen, in the last days of Shi Hu, crossed the Yangtze from Liuhe in Guangling and made his home south of the river. He rose to governor of Guiyang. A descendant, Ti, served the Jin as assistant editor in the directorate of compilation. Because of his maternal grandfather Yang Quanqi he was removed from the registers and exiled to Nanqiao, where the clan then lived. Ben loved military treatises, excelled at mounted archery, and was especially deft with sword and shield. His father Shuang was removed as prefect of Qinghe and returned to Zhou territory. Then a townsman, Guo Ziji, secretly guided Chen raiders in. Shuang meant to lead his sons and kinsmen against them but wavered. Ben urged the plan on him, broke the bandits in the end, and from that day was known for bold resolve. He began his career as the province's chief clerk. When Emperor Wen of Sui was still regent, Ben was made a senior commander in the chancellor's office and put in charge of local militia. When He Ruo Bi took post at Jiangdu, the emperor specially ordered Ben to go with him as a spy. In the conquest of Chen he did the state real service. He was raised to opening grandee of the first order, third rank, and enfeoffed as viscount of Wen'an county. A year and more later Ben led the fleet, crushed the rebel Ze Ziyou at Jingkou, and Xue Zijian at Hezhou. Called to the capital, he was made grand general. Emperor Wen had him take the imperial seat at a feast and said, "You may call yourself my son; I will call myself your father. This gathering today is to show that we keep no outsider between us. Later he received armor dyed deep green, harness worked with beast heads, and a thousand bolts of brocade and gauze. Soon after he followed Yang Su in the Jiangnan campaign and on his own broke Gao Zhihui at Kuaiji and Wu Shihua at Linhai. He was promoted to upper grand general. He governed Fuzhou and Jizhou in turn, and in both earned a name for ability. In the eighteenth year of Kaihuang he was made campaign commander and followed the prince of Han, Yang Liang, against Liaodong. Yang Liang's army lost men everywhere, but Ben's troops came through whole, and the emperor commended him. In the Renshou era he died while serving as grand protector of Tanzhou; his posthumous name was Zhuang. His son was Xiaolian.

麥鐵杖，始興人也。貧賤，少勇驍，有膂力，日行五百里，走及奔馬。性疏誕使酒，好交遊，重信義，每以漁獵為事，不修生業。陳大建中，結聚為群盜，廣州刺史歐陽頠俘之以獻，沒為官戶，配執禦傘。每罷朝後，行百餘里，夜至南徐州，窬城而入，行光火劫盜。旦還，及牙時，仍又執傘。如此者十餘度，物主識之，州以狀奏。朝士見鐵杖每旦恆在，弗之信。後南徐州數告變，尚書蔡征曰：「此可驗矣。」于仗下時，購以百金，求人送詔書與南徐州刺史。鐵杖出應募，齎敕而往，明旦反奏事。帝曰：「信然，為盜明矣。」惜其勇捷，誡而釋之。陳亡後，徙居清流縣。遇江東反，楊素遣鐵杖頭戴草束，夜浮度江，覘賊中消息，具知還報。後復更往，為賊所禽，逆帥李稜縛送高智慧。行至庱亭，衛者憩食，哀其餒，解手以給其餐。鐵杖取賊刀亂斬衛者，殺之皆盡，悉割其鼻，懷之以歸。素大奇之。後敘戰勳，不及鐵杖，遇素馳驛歸於京師，鐵杖步追之，每夜則同宿。素見而悟，特奏授儀同三司。以不識書，放還鄉里。成陽公李徹稱其驍武，開皇十六年，徵至京師，除車騎將軍。仍從楊素北征突厥，加上開府。

Mai Tiezhang came from Shixing. Born poor and obscure, he was fierce and bold, with uncommon strength: he could cover five hundred li in a day and keep up with a galloping horse. He was wild and given to wine, loved companions and kept his word, and lived by fishing and hunting without ever settling to honest trade. Under Chen, in the Dajian era, he gathered a band of robbers. Ouyang Hui, governor of Guangzhou, took him and sent him up; he was made a bondservant of the state and set to carry the imperial parasol. After court each day he would run more than a hundred li, reach Southern Xuzhou by night, scale the wall, and rob houses by torchlight. By dawn he was back, and when the imperial procession formed he was again holding the parasol. He did this more than ten times. The victims recognized him, and the province sent up a report. Men at court saw Tiezhang at his post every morning and refused to believe the charge. Later Southern Xuzhou sent repeated alarms of trouble. Minister Cai Zheng said, "We can put this to proof. During the formation below the imperial weapons guard he offered a hundred in gold to anyone who would carry an edict to the governor of Southern Xuzhou. Tiezhang answered the call, took the edict and went, and the next morning was back at court to report. The emperor said, "So it is true—he is plainly the thief. Yet the emperor prized his daring and speed, warned him, and let him go. After the fall of Chen he moved to Qingliu county. When the lower Yangtze rose in revolt, Yang Su sent Tiezhang with a sheaf of grass on his head to swim the river by night, learn the rebels' strength, and bring word back. He went again and was taken by the rebels; their leader Li Ling bound him and sent him to Gao Zhihui. At Chengting the guards stopped to eat. One, pitying his hunger, loosened his bonds to give him a meal. Tiezhang snatched their swords, cut the guards down to the last man, sliced off every nose, and carried them home in his robe. Yang Su marveled at him. Later, when battle honors were entered, Tiezhang was passed over. He ran after Yang Su's post-horse all the way to the capital, keeping up on foot and sharing his lodging each night. When Yang Su saw him he understood, and by special memorial had him made opening grandee of the third order. Because he could not read, he was sent home. Li Che, duke of Chengyang, praised his fighting power; in the sixteenth year of Kaihuang he was called to the capital and made cavalry general. He again followed Yang Su north against the Turks and was made upper opening grandee.

鐵杖自以荷恩深重，每懷竭命之志。及遼東之役，請為前鋒，顧謂醫者吳景賢曰：「大丈夫性命自有所在，豈能艾炷灸頞，瓜釭袴鼻，療黃不差，而臥死兒女手中乎！」將度遼，呼其三子曰：「阿奴！當備淺色黃衫。吾荷國恩，今是死日。我得被殺，爾當富貴。唯誠與孝，爾其勉之。」及濟，橋未成，去東岸尚數丈，賊大至。杖跳上岸，與賊戰，死。武賁郎將錢士雄、孟金叉亦死之，左右更無及者。帝為之流涕，購得其屍，贈光祿大夫、宿國公，諡曰武烈。子孟才嗣，授光祿大夫。孟才二弟仲才、季才，俱拜正議大夫。賵贈钜萬，賜轀輬車，給前後部羽葆鼓吹。命平壤道敗將宇文述等百餘人皆為執紼，王公以下送至郊外。士雄贈左光祿大夫、右屯衛將軍、武強侯，諡曰剛。子傑嗣。金叉贈右光祿大夫，子善誼襲官。

Tiezhang felt the court's favor heavy upon him and always kept the will to spend his life in return. In the Liaodong campaign he asked for the vanguard and told the physician Wu Jingxian, "A true man's death has its proper place. Am I to have moxa burned on my brow and a melon rind bound on my nose for jaundice that will not clear, then die in bed in the hands of wife and children? As he was about to cross the Liao, he called his three sons: "Boys! Keep light yellow shirts ready. I owe the state a great debt; today is the day I die. If I am slain, you will grow rich. Only be loyal and filial—do your utmost in that." When they crossed, the bridge was not yet complete and they were still several zhang from the east bank when the enemy came in force. Tiezhang sprang ashore with his iron staff, fought the enemy, and fell. The guard officers Qian Shixiong and Meng Jincha died as well; no one on either side could match their pace. The emperor wept, set a price on his body, and posthumously made him grand master for splendid happiness and duke of Su, with the posthumous name Wulie. His son Mengcai inherited the line and was made grand master for splendid happiness. Mengcai's younger brothers Zhongcai and Jicai were both made rectifying grand masters. Funerary gifts ran to tens of thousands; he was given a wheeled hearse and feathered banners and pipes before and behind. More than a hundred defeated generals of the Pyongyang route, Yuwen Shu among them, were ordered to pull the mourning cords; princes and officials escorted the bier beyond the suburbs. Shixiong was posthumously made left grand master for splendid happiness, right dwelling guard general, and marquis of Wuqiang, with the posthumous name Gang. His son Jie succeeded him. Jincha was posthumously made right grand master for splendid happiness; his son Shanyi inherited his post.

孟才，字智稜，果烈有父風，帝以其死節將子，恩錫殊厚，拜武賁郎將。及江都之難，慨然有復仇志。與武牙郎將錢傑素交友，二人相謂曰：「事等世荷國恩，門著誠節。今賊臣殺逆，社稷淪亡，無節可紀，何面目視息世間哉！」乃流涕扼腕，相與謀于顯福宮邀擊宇文化及。事臨發，陳籓之子謙知而告之，與其党沈光俱為化及所害，忠義之士哀焉。

Mengcai, courtesy name Zhileng, was fierce and resolute like his father. Because the father had died loyal, the emperor heaped favor on the son and made him an officer of the feathered guard. At the disaster at Jiangdu he burned to take revenge. He was sworn friends with the guard tooth officer Qian Jie. The two said to each other, "Our house has eaten the state's rice for generations and is known for loyal service. Now a traitor has killed the ruler and the altars lie in ruin. We have no honor left to set down—what face have we to go on breathing in this world? They wept, clenched their wrists, and together plotted at Xianfu Palace to waylay Yuwen Huaji. When the plot was about to move, Chen Fan's son Qian learned of it and told; he and his comrade Shen Guang were both killed by Huaji, and men of honor grieved for them.

光字總持，吳興人也。父居道，仕陳為吏部侍郎。陳滅，徙家長安。皇太子勇引署學士。後為漢王諒府掾，諒敗，除名。

Guang, courtesy name Zongchi, came from Wuxing. His father Judao had served Chen as vice minister of the ministry of personnel. When Chen fell, the family moved to Chang'an. Crown Prince Yong took him on as a scholar in attendance. He later served as an aide in Prince Liang of Han's household; when Liang was defeated, he was struck from the rolls.

光少驍捷，善戲馬，為天下之最。略綜書記，微有詞藻，常慕立功名，不拘小節。家貧，父兄並以傭書為事，光獨跅昞朷，交通輕俠，為京師惡少年所附。人多贍遺，得以養親，每致甘食美服，未嘗困匱。初建禪定寺，其中幡竿高十餘丈，適值繩絕，非人力所及。光謂僧曰：「當相為上繩。」與諸僧驚喜。光因取索口銜，拍竿而上，直至龍頭。擊繩畢，手足皆放，透空而下，以掌拓地，倒行十餘步。觀者駭悅，莫不嗟異，時人號為「肉飛仙」。

In youth Guang was swift and fierce, a master of trick riding unmatched under heaven. He had some schooling in letters and a modest gift for phrasing, and always burned to win glory and leave a name, careless of small proprieties. His family was poor; father and brothers lived by copying books for hire, while Guang alone ran wild, keeping company with swashbucklers and was followed by the capital's worst young blades. Many lavished gifts on him, enough to support his parents; he always brought them fine food and good clothes and never knew want. When Chanding Temple was first built, its banner pole rose more than ten zhang; the rope had just snapped and no one on the ground could reach it. Guang told the monks, "I will get a rope up there for you. The monks were astonished and overjoyed. Guang took a rope in his teeth, struck the pole and climbed, straight to the dragon head at the top. When the rope was set, he let go with hands and feet, fell through open air, broke the impact with his palms on the ground, and walked backward more than ten paces. The crowd was thrilled and amazed; everyone exclaimed in wonder, and men of the time called him the Flesh-Flying Immortal.

大業中，煬帝征天下驍果之士伐遼東，光預焉。同類數萬人，皆出其下。光將詣行在所，賓客送至灞上百餘騎。光酹酒誓曰：「是行若不建功立名，當死於高麗，不復與諸君相見。」及從帝攻遼東，以沖梯擊城，竿長十五丈，光升其端，臨城與賊戰，知兵接敵，殺傷十數人。賊競擊而墜，未及地，適遇竿有垂絙，光接而復上。帝望見，壯而異之，馳召與語，大悅，即日拜朝散大夫，賜寶刀良馬。恆置左右，親顧漸密。未幾，以為折沖郎將，賞遇優重。帝每推食解衣賜之，同輩莫比。

In the Daye reign, Emperor Yang called up the empire's fiercest fighters for the Liaodong war, and Guang was among them. Among tens of thousands of the same breed, all stood beneath him. When Guang set out for the emperor's camp, friends and clients rode more than a hundred strong to see him off at Ba River. Guang poured wine and swore, "On this campaign, if I do not win merit and make a name, let me die in Goguryeo and never face you again. When he followed the emperor against Liaodong, he rode a battering tower fifteen zhang tall to its summit, fought atop the wall with the enemy, met them blade to blade, and killed or wounded more than ten. The enemy swarmed him and he fell; before he hit the ground he caught a dangling cord on the pole and hauled himself up again. The emperor saw it, was stirred and astonished, galloped to call him and speak with him, was deeply pleased, and that same day made him palace attendant grandee, with a treasured saber and fine horses. He was kept constantly at the emperor's side, and imperial favor drew ever closer. Before long he was made general who breaks the charge, with rewards and favor beyond any peer. The emperor would push food toward him and strip off his own coat to give him; none among his fellows could compare.

光自以荷恩深重，思懷竭節。及江都之難，潛構義勇，將為帝復仇。先是，帝寵昵官奴，名為給使，宇文化及以光驍男，方任之，使總統，營于禁內。時麥孟才、錢傑等陰圖化及，因謂光曰：「我等荷國厚恩，不能死難，又俯首事讎，受其驅率，何用生為！吾必欲殺之，死無所恨。公義士也，肯從我乎？」光泣下沾衿曰：「是所望于將軍也。僕領給使數百人，並荷先帝恩，今在化及內營。以此復仇，如鷹鸇之逐烏雀。」孟才為將軍。領江淮眾數千人，期以營將發時，晨起襲化及。光語泄，陳謙告其事。化及大懼曰：「此麥鐵杖子也，及沈光者，並勇決不可當，須避其鋒。」是夜即與腹心走出營外，留人告司馬德戡等，遣領兵馬，逮捕孟才。光聞營內喧聲，知事發，不及被甲。即襲化及營，空無所獲。逢舍人元敏，數而斬之。德戡兵至，四面圍合。光大呼潰圍，給使齊奮，斬首數十級，賊皆披靡。德戡輒復遣騎，翼而射之。光身無介胄，遇害，時年二十八。麾下百人皆鬥死，一無降者。壯士聞之，莫不為之隕涕。

Guang felt the debt of grace was heavy and set his heart on repaying it to the last breath. When disaster struck at Jiangdu, he secretly rallied brave men to avenge the emperor. Earlier the emperor had favored palace slaves called appointed servants; Yuwen Huaji, seeing Guang's fierce mettle, had lately put him in command of them, encamped inside the inner palace. At that time Mai Mengcai, Qian Jie, and others were secretly plotting against Huaji, and said to Guang, "We have eaten the state's heavy grace and could not die in its ruin, yet now we bow to the murderer and take his orders. What is life worth? We mean to kill him, and death will hold no regret. You are a man of honor. Will you join us? Tears wet his robe as Guang said, "That is exactly what I have hoped to hear from you, General. I command several hundred appointed servants who all owed grace to the late emperor, and they are now in Huaji's inner camp. With them to take revenge would be like hawks and falcons falling on sparrows." Mengcai was made general. He led several thousand men from the Jiang-Huai region, planning to strike Huaji at dawn when the camp was ready to break camp. Guang's words leaked out; Chen Qian reported the plot. Huaji was deeply afraid and said, "This is Mai Tiezhang's son, and Shen Guang. Both are fierce and resolute beyond facing. We must avoid their edge. That night he slipped out of camp with his closest men, left word for Sima Dekan and the rest to bring troops and seize Mengcai. Guang heard uproar inside the camp, knew the plot had failed, and had no time to arm himself. He stormed Huaji's camp and found it empty. He met attendant Yuan Min, rebuked him, and cut him down. Dekan's troops arrived and hemmed him in on every side. Guang shouted and burst the ring; the appointed servants fought as one, took dozens of heads, and the enemy broke and fled. Dekan sent horsemen again to ride on his flanks and shoot him down. Guang wore no armor and was killed. He was twenty-eight. The hundred men under his command all fought to the death; not one surrendered. Brave men who heard of it could not keep back their tears.

權武，字武弄，天水人也。祖超，魏秦州刺史。父襲慶，仕周，為開府。時武元皇帝之為周將也，與齊師戰於并州。襲慶時從，被圍百餘重，力戰矢盡，短兵接戰，殺傷甚眾，刀槊皆折，脫胄擲地，向賊大罵曰：「何不來斫頭！」賊遂殺之。武以忠臣子，起家拜開府，襲爵齊郡公。武少果勁，勇力絕人，能重甲上馬。嘗倒投于井，未及泉，復躍而出，其拳捷如此。頻以軍功增邑。周宣帝時，拜勁捷左旅上大夫，進位上開府。隋文帝為丞相，引置左右。平陳之役，以行軍總管從晉王出六合，還拜豫州刺史。以創業之舊，進位大將軍，檢校潭州總管。其年，桂州人李世賢作亂，武以行軍總管與武候大將軍虞慶則擊平之。慶則以罪誅，功竟不錄，復還於州。多造金帶，遣嶺南酋領，其人復答以寶物，武皆納之，由是致富。後武晚生一子，與親客宴集，酒酣，遂擅赦所部獄囚。武常以南越邊遠，政從其俗，務適便宜，不依律令，而每言當今法急，官不可為。上令有案之，皆驗，令斬之。武於獄中上書，言父為武元皇帝戰死于馬前，以求哀，由是除名。仁壽中，復拜大將軍。封邑如舊。未幾，授太子右衛率。煬帝即位，拜右武衛將軍，坐事免。後為右屯衛大將軍。坐事除名。卒於家。子弘。

Quan Wu, courtesy name Wunong, came from Tianshui. His grandfather Chao had been Wei governor of Qin province. His father Xiqing had served Zhou as a grand opening. In the days when the Zhou emperor Wu Yuan was still a Zhou general, he fought Qi forces at Bingzhou. Xiqing was with him then, trapped in more than a hundred rings of siege; he fought until his arrows were gone, closed to hand strokes, killed and wounded a great crowd; blades and spears snapped; he tore off his helmet, hurled it to the ground, and roared at the enemy, "Why do you not come and take my head! The enemy then killed him. As the son of a loyal minister, Wu entered office as grand opening and inherited the marquisate of Qi commandery. In youth Wu was hard and fierce, with strength beyond other men; he could vault into the saddle wearing full heavy armor. Once he dove headfirst into a well; before he reached the water he sprang out again. Such was his quick strength. Again and again his fief was enlarged for battlefield merit. Under Emperor Xuan of Zhou he was made grand master of the left swift brigade and advanced to upper grand opening. When Emperor Wen of Sui was chief minister, he kept Wu close at hand. In the pacification of Chen he served as mobile commander under the Prince of Jin, marching out through Liuhe; on his return he was made governor of Yu province. For his part in founding the dynasty, he was raised to great general and acting area commander of Tan province. That year Li Shixian of Gui province rose in revolt; Wu as mobile commander, with the martial sentinel great general Yu Qingze, put the rebellion down. Qingze was executed for a crime; Wu's merit went uncredited, and he returned to his province. He had many gold belts forged and sent them to chieftains beyond the southern ranges; they sent back treasures in return, and Wu accepted them all, growing wealthy thereby. Later Wu fathered a son in his old age; at a feast with close guests, drunk, he on his own authority freed prisoners in his command. Wu often said that the far southern Yue border should be ruled by local custom, with what worked rather than the code, and that the laws of the day were too tight for any man to hold office. The emperor ordered an inquiry; every charge was proved, and he commanded Wu's execution. From prison Wu sent up a memorial saying his father had died fighting before Emperor Wu Yuan's horse, begging pity; for that he was struck from the rolls. In the Renshou era he was again made great general. His fief was restored as before. Before long he was made right leader of the crown prince's guard. When Emperor Yang took the throne, Wu was made general of the right martial guard, then dismissed for an offense. Later he was made great general of the right garrison guard. For an offense he was struck from the rolls. He died at home. His son was Hong.

王仁恭，字元實，天水上邽人也。祖建，周鳳州刺史。父猛，鄯州刺史。仁恭少剛毅修謹，工騎射。秦孝王引為記室，後為車騎將軍。從楊素擊突厥于靈武，以功拜上開府。以驃騎將軍典蜀王軍事。蜀王以罪廢，官屬多罹其患。上以仁恭素質直，置而不問。後從楊素討平漢王諒，以功進位大將軍。曆呂、衛二州刺史。尋改為汲郡太守，有能名。上征入朝，慰勉之，褒賜甚厚。遷信都太守。汲郡吏民扣馬號哭於道，數日不得出境。遼東之役，以仁恭為軍將。及班師，仁恭為殿，遇賊，敗之。進左光祿大夫，明年，復以軍將指扶餘道，帝謂曰：「往者諸軍多不利，公獨以一軍破賊。古人云，敗軍之將不可以言勇，諸將其可任乎？今委公為前軍。」前後賞賚甚重。仁恭遂進軍。至新城，破其軍，因圍之。帝聞之大悅，遣賜以珍物，進光祿大夫。會楊玄感反，其兄子武賁郎將仲伯預焉，由是坐免。尋而突厥為寇，詔仁恭以本官領馬邑太守。其年，始畢可汗來寇馬邑，復令二將勒兵南過。時郡兵不滿三千，仁恭簡精銳逆擊，破之，並斬二將。後突厥復入定襄，仁恭復大破之。時天下大亂，道路隔絕，仁恭頗改舊節，受納貨賄，又不敢輒開倉賑恤百姓。其麾下校尉劉武周與仁恭侍婢奸通，恐其事泄，遂害之。武周於是開倉賑給，郡內皆從之，自稱天子，置百官，轉攻傍郡。

Wang Rengong, courtesy name Yuanshi, came from Shanggui in Tianshui. His grandfather Jian had been Zhou governor of Feng province. His father Meng had been governor of Shan province. In youth Rengong was firm, disciplined, and skilled in mounted archery. Prince Xiao of Qin took him on as recorder; later he was made general of chariots and cavalry. He followed Yang Su against the Turks at Lingwu and, for merit, was made upper grand opening. As general of swift cavalry he oversaw the Prince of Shu's military affairs. The Prince of Shu was deposed for a crime, and many of his staff were caught in the fallout. The emperor, knowing Rengong's plain and upright nature, let the matter drop without inquiry. Later he followed Yang Su in putting down Prince Liang of Han and, for merit, was raised to great general. He served in turn as governor of Lü and Wei provinces. Soon he was made prefect of Ji commandery and earned a name for able rule. Called to court, he was comforted and praised, with rich rewards and gifts. He was transferred to prefect of Xin commandery. Officials and commoners of Ji commandery seized his horse and wept in the road for days, so he could not cross the border. In the Liaodong war Rengong was made an army commander. On the withdrawal Rengong held the rear; he met raiders and beat them. He was raised to left grand master of the palace; the next year he was again made army commander on the Fuyu route. The emperor said, "Before, many armies came to grief, yet you alone with one army broke the enemy. The ancients said a beaten general should not talk of courage. Can the other commanders be trusted? Now I entrust the vanguard to you. Rewards before and after were lavish. Rengong then marched the army forward. At Xincheng he shattered their army and laid siege to the city. The emperor heard and was greatly pleased; he sent rare gifts and raised him to grand master of the palace. When Yang Xuangan rebelled, his nephew the guard officer Zhongbo was implicated; for that Rengong was dismissed. Soon the Turks raided; an edict appointed Rengong, in his former rank, to serve also as prefect of Mayi. That year the Shibi qaghan came against Mayi; he again ordered two generals to drive their troops south across the frontier. The commandery had fewer than three thousand troops; Rengong handpicked crack men for a counterstroke, smashed them, and took both generals' heads. The Turks later invaded Dingxiang again, and Rengong routed them once more. With the empire in chaos and the roads severed, Rengong slackened his old standards, took bribes, and still dared not open the granaries to feed the people. His subordinate commander Liu Wuzhou was sleeping with Rengong's maidservant; fearing exposure, he murdered him. Wuzhou opened the granaries and gave out grain; the whole commandery rallied to him. He declared himself emperor, appointed officials, and marched on neighboring prefectures.

吐萬緒，字長緒，代郡鮮卑人也。父通，周郢州刺史。緒少有武略，在周，襲爵元壽縣公，累遷大將軍、小司武。隋文帝受禪，拜襄州總管，封穀城郡公。轉青州總管，頗有政名。徙朔州總管，甚為北狄所憚。後帝有吞陳志，轉為徐州總管，令修戰具。及大舉濟江，緒以行軍總管與四河紇豆陵洪景屯兵江北。及陳平，拜夏州總管。晉王廣為太子，引為右虞候率。及帝即位，恐漢王諒為變，拜緒晉、絳二州刺史。未出關，諒已舉兵，詔緒從楊素擊破之，拜左武候將軍。大業初，轉光祿卿。賀若弼遇讒，引緒為證，緒明其無罪，由是免官。後守東平太守。帝幸江都，路經其境，迎謁道傍。帝命升龍舟，緒因頓首謝往事。帝大悅，拜金紫光祿大夫，太守如故。及遼東之役，請為先鋒，拜左屯衛大將軍。指蓋馬道。及還，留鎮懷遠，進位左光祿大夫。時劉元進作亂，攻潤州，帝徵緒討之。緒擊破元進，解潤州圍。賊窮蹙請降，元進及其偽僕射硃燮僅以身免，於陣斬其偽僕射管崇及其將軍陸顗等五千餘人。進解會稽圍。元進復據建安，帝令進討之。緒以士卒疲弊，請息甲待來春。帝不悅，密求緒罪，有司奏緒怯懦違詔，除名配防建安。尋徵詣行在所，緒鬱鬱不得志，還至永嘉，發疾而卒。

Tuwu Xu, courtesy name Changxu, was a Xianbei from Dai commandery. His father Tong had served as governor of Ying under the Zhou. As a youth Xu showed martial talent; under the Zhou he inherited the title Duke of Yuanshou and rose to great general and junior director of martial affairs. When Emperor Wen took the throne, Xu was made governor-general of Xiangzhou and enfeoffed as Duke of Gucheng commandery. Transferred to Qingzhou as governor-general, he earned a reputation for capable rule. Moved to Shuozhou as governor-general, he was deeply feared by the northern tribes. When the emperor set his sights on conquering Chen, Xu was posted to Xuzhou as governor-general and ordered to prepare for war. During the great crossing of the Yangtze, Xu served as campaign commander alongside Hedouling Hongjing of the Si River line, holding the north bank. After Chen fell, he was made governor-general of Xiazhou. When Prince Guang of Jin became heir apparent, Xu was appointed right commander of the palace guards. On his accession the emperor, fearing revolt from Prince Liang of Han, made Xu governor of Jin and Jiang provinces. Before Xu had cleared the passes, Liang was already in arms; an edict sent him after Yang Su to crush the revolt, and he was made general of the left martial guards. At the opening of the Daye reign he was made grand master for splendid happiness. When He Ruo Bi was slandered, he called on Xu to testify; Xu cleared him, and for that Xu himself was dismissed. He later served as administrator of Dongping. When the emperor traveled to Jiangdu through his territory, Xu met him by the road and paid his respects. The emperor had him board the imperial dragon boat; Xu kowtowed in gratitude for past kindness. The emperor was delighted and made him grand master with golden girdle while keeping him at his post. In the Liaodong war he volunteered for the vanguard and was made great general of the left household guards. He pointed the army toward the Gaima route. On the withdrawal he was left to hold Huaiyuan and promoted to left grand master of splendid happiness. When Liu Yuanjin rose and besieged Runzhou, the emperor summoned Xu to put him down. Xu shattered Yuanjin and broke the siege of Runzhou. Hard pressed, the rebels sued for peace; Yuanjin and his false vice-minister Zhu Xie barely escaped; on the field Xu cut down the false vice-minister Guan Chong, the general Lu Yan, and more than five thousand men. He lifted the siege of Kuaiji. Yuanjin seized Jian'an again; the emperor ordered Xu to pursue him. Finding the troops exhausted, Xu asked to stand down until spring. The emperor was angry and quietly hunted for fault in Xu; the ministry reported cowardice and disobedience; Xu was struck from the rolls and sent to garrison Jian'an. Soon he was recalled to the traveling court; brooding and unfulfilled, Xu fell ill at Yongjia and died.

董純，字德厚，隴西成紀人。祖和，魏太子左衛率。父升，周柱國。純少有膂力，便弓馬。仕周，位司禦上士、典馭下大夫。從武帝平齊，拜儀同，進為大興縣侯。隋文帝受禪，進爵漢曲縣公。後以軍功，進位上開府。開皇末，以勞舊拜左衛將軍，改封順政縣公。後從楊素平漢王諒，以功拜柱國，進爵郡公，再遷左驍衛將軍。齊王暕之得罪，純坐與交通，帝譴之。純曰：「此數詣齊王者，以先帝、先後往在仁壽宮，置元德太子及齊王於膝上，謂臣曰：'汝好看此二兒，勿忘吾言。 '臣誠不敢忘先帝言。時陛下亦侍先帝側。」帝改容曰：「誠有斯旨。」於是舍之。數日，出為汶山太守。歲餘，突厥寇邊，轉榆林太守。會彭城賊帥張大彪、宗世模等保懸薄山，帝令純討破之，斬萬餘級，築為京觀。又破賊魏麒麟于單父。及帝重征遼東，復以純為彭城留守。東海賊彭孝才轉入沂水，保伍不及山，純擊之，禽孝才於陣，車裂之。時盜賊日益，純雖克捷，而所在蜂起。有譖純怯懦不能平賊，帝遣鎖詣東都。有司見帝怒甚，希旨致純死罪，竟誅。

Dong Chun, courtesy name Dehou, came from Chengji in Longxi. His grandfather He had been left commandant of the heir apparent's guard under Wei. His father Sheng had been a pillar of state under the Zhou. In youth Chun was immensely strong and a master of bow and horse. He served the Zhou as superior attendant of the imperial stables and junior master of the stud. He followed Emperor Wu in the conquest of Qi, was made a commissary-equivalent, and rose to marquis of Daxing county. When Emperor Wen took the throne, Chun was raised to duke of Hanqu county. Later, for military merit, he was made upper pillar of state. Near the end of Kaihuang, rewarded for long service, he was made general of the left guards and his fief was changed to duke of Shunzheng county. He later followed Yang Su against Prince Liang of Han; for merit he was made pillar of state, raised to commandery duke, and promoted again to general of the left brave cavaliers. When Prince Min of Qi fell from grace, Chun was blamed for consorting with him; the emperor rebuked him. Chun said, "I went often to Prince Qi because at Renshou Palace the late emperor and empress set the Heir of Virtue and Prince Qi on their knees and told me, 'Watch these two boys well; do not forget what I say. I truly have not forgotten the late emperor's charge. Your Majesty was standing at the late emperor's side that day. The emperor's face softened. "That charge was indeed given," he said. He let the matter drop. A few days later Chun was posted out as administrator of Wenshan. A year on, when the Turks raided the frontier, he was moved to administrator of Yulin. When the Pengcheng bandit chiefs Zhang Dabiao and Zong Shimou held Xuanshan, the emperor sent Chun against them; he cut down more than ten thousand and raised a victory mound of heads. He defeated the bandit Wei Qilin at Shanfu as well. When the emperor marched on Liaodong again, Chun was again left to hold Pengcheng. The Donghai bandit Peng Xiaocai crossed into the Yi and held Wu Buji Mountain; Chun struck him, took him alive in battle, and had him torn apart by chariots. Banditry swelled by the day; though Chun kept winning, new uprisings flared wherever he turned. Slanderers claimed Chun was too timid to crush the rebels; the emperor had him hauled to the eastern capital in chains. The officials, reading the emperor's fury, bent the law to secure Chun's death; in the end he was executed.

魚俱羅，馮翊下邽人。身長八尺，膂力絕人，聲氣雄壯，言聞數百步。為大都督，從晉王廣平陳，以功拜開府。及沈玄懀、高智慧等作亂江南，楊素以俱羅壯勇，請與同行。有功，加上開府，封高唐縣公，拜疊州總管。以母憂去職。還至扶風，會楊素將出靈州道擊突厥，逢之，送與俱行。及遇賊，俱羅與數騎奔擊，瞋目大呼，所當皆披靡。以功進位柱國，拜豐州總管。突厥入境，輒禽斬之，自是屏跡，不敢畜牧於塞下。

Yu Juluo came from Xiazhai in Fengyi. He stood eight chi tall, with strength beyond any ordinary man; his voice rang like a war drum and carried for hundreds of paces. As a grand colonel he followed Prince Guang of Jin against Chen and, for merit, was made a commander-in-chief. When Shen Xuanyi, Gao Zhihui, and others rebelled in the south, Yang Su asked to take the mighty Juluo with him. For merit he was made upper pillar of state, enfeoffed as duke of Gaotang county, and posted as governor-general of Diezhou. He resigned to observe mourning for his mother. On his way back through Fufeng he met Yang Su setting out by the Lingzhou road against the Turks; Yang Su took him along. When the enemy appeared, Juluo charged with a handful of horsemen; glaring and roaring, he scattered everything in his path. For merit he was raised to pillar of state and made governor-general of Fengzhou. Whenever Turks crossed the border he hunted them down and took their heads; after that they vanished from the frontier and dared not pasture below the passes.

初，煬帝在籓，俱羅弟贊以左右從，累遷大都督。及帝嗣位，拜車騎將軍。贊凶暴，令左右炙肉，遇不中意，以簽刺瞎其眼，溫酒不適口者，立斷其舌。帝以籓邸之舊，不忍加誅，謂近臣曰：「弟既如此，兄亦可知。」因召俱羅責之，出贊於獄，令自為計。贊至家，飲藥而死。帝恐俱羅不安，慮生邊患，轉安州刺史，遷趙郡太守。後因朝集至東都，與將軍梁伯隱有舊，數相往來。又從郡多將雜物以貢獻，帝不受，因遺權貴。御史劾俱羅以郡將交通內臣，帝大怒，與伯隱俱坐除名。未幾，越巂飛山蠻反，詔俱羅白衣領將，並率蜀郡都尉段鐘葵討平之。大業九年，重征高麗，以俱羅為碣石道軍將。及還，江南劉元進作亂，詔俱羅將兵向會稽諸郡逐捕之。時百姓思亂，從盜如市，俱羅擊賊帥硃燮、管崇等，戰無不捷。然賊勢浸盛，敗而復聚。俱羅度賊非歲月可平，諸子並在京、洛，又見天下漸亂，終恐道路隔絕。于時東都饑饉，穀食踴貴，俱羅遣家僮將船米至東都糶之，益市財貨，潛迎諸子。朝廷微知之，恐有異志，案驗不得其罪。帝復令大理司直梁敬真就鎖將詣東都，俱羅相表異人，目有重瞳，陰為帝之所忌。敬真希旨，奏俱羅師徒敗衄，斬東都市，家口籍沒。

While Yang Di was still heir, Juluo's younger brother Zan served in his personal guard and rose to grand colonel. When Yang Di took the throne, Zan was made general of the grooms. Zan was savage and cruel; he made attendants roast meat for him, and if it displeased him he stabbed out their eyes with an awl; if the warmed wine was not to his taste he cut out their tongues on the spot. Because of old ties from the prince's household the emperor could not bring himself to execute Zan; he told his intimates, "If the younger brother is like this, you can guess what the elder is like. He summoned Juluo to rebuke him, released Zan from prison, and told him to settle his own affairs. Zan went home and took poison. Fearing Juluo would turn restless and stir trouble on the frontier, the emperor moved him to Anzhou, then to administrator of Zhao commandery. Later, at the court assembly in the eastern capital, he renewed an old friendship with General Liang Boyin and they visited often. He also brought a train of curios from his commandery as tribute; when the emperor refused them, he passed them to men of influence at court. Censors charged Juluo with trafficking with palace eunuchs as a frontier commander; the emperor was furious and struck both Juluo and Boyin from the rolls. Soon the Feishan tribes of Yuexi rebelled; Juluo was ordered to take command in plain clothes, and with the Shu commandery colonel Duan Zhongkui he put them down. In the ninth year of Daye, during the renewed Liaodong campaign, Juluo was made army commander on the Jieshi route. On the withdrawal Liu Yuanjin rose in Jiangnan; an edict sent Juluo with troops through the Kuaiji commanderies to hunt him down. The people were ripe for revolt and flocked to the bandits like buyers at a market; Juluo struck the chiefs Zhu Xie and Guan Chong and never lost a fight. Yet the rebels grew stronger by the day; beaten once, they gathered again. Juluo saw the rebels could not be crushed in a season; his sons were all in the capital, and with the empire sliding into chaos he feared the roads would close. Famine gripped the eastern capital and grain soared in price; Juluo sent household slaves with boatloads of rice to sell there, bought goods, and quietly brought his sons in. The court caught wind of this and suspected disloyalty, but investigation could not pin a crime on him. The emperor sent Liang Jingzhen of the court for trial to fetch him in chains to the eastern capital; Juluo had a strange face and double pupils in his eyes—traits the emperor secretly dreaded. Jingzhen played to the emperor's mood and reported that Juluo's army had been routed; Juluo was beheaded in the eastern capital market and his household was seized.

王辯，字警略，馮翊蒲城人也。祖訓，以行商致富。魏世，出粟助給軍糧，為假清河太守。辯少習兵書，尤善騎射，慷慨有大志。在周，以軍功授帥都督。仁壽中，累遷車騎將軍。後從楊素討平漢王諒，賜爵武寧縣男。累以軍功，加至通議大夫，尋遷武賁郎將。及山東盜賊起，帝引辯升禦榻，問以方略。辯論取賊勢，帝稱善曰：「誠如此，賊不足憂。」於是發從行步騎三千，擊敗之，賜黃金二百兩。勃海賊帥高士達自號東海公，眾以萬數。令辯擊之，屢挫其銳。帝在江都宮，聞而召之，及見，禮賜甚厚，復令往信都經略士達，復戰破之，優詔褒顯。時賊帥郝孝德、孫宣雅、時季康、竇建德、魏刀兒等往往屯聚，大者十數萬，小者數千，寇掠河北。辯擊之，所向皆捷。及翟讓寇徐、豫，辯頻擊走之。讓尋與李密屯據洛口倉，辯與王世充討密，阻洛水相持經年。辯攻敗密。乘勝將入城，世充不知，恐將士勞倦，鳴角收兵，翻為密徒所乘，官軍大潰，不可救止。辯至洛水，橋已壞。遂涉水至中流，為溺人所引墜馬，竟溺死。三軍莫不痛惜之。

Wang Bian, courtesy name Jinglüe, came from Pucheng in Fengyi. His grandfather Xun made a fortune as an itinerant merchant. Under Wei he donated grain to feed the armies and was made acting administrator of Qinghe. Bian studied the military classics in youth and excelled at mounted archery; he was bold and burned with ambition. Under the Zhou he earned the post of garrison commander for military merit. In the Renshou era he rose step by step to general of the grooms. He later followed Yang Su against Prince Liang of Han and was ennobled as baron of Wuning county. Repeated victories raised him to master for comprehensive discussion, and soon after to bold tiger guard commandant. When banditry flared in Shandong, the emperor had Bian sit beside him on the couch and asked his plan. Bian laid out the rebels' strength; the emperor praised him and said, "If that is so, the bandits are nothing to fear. He was sent out with three thousand foot and horse; he routed the bandits and was rewarded with two hundred taels of gold. Gao Shida, a bandit chief in Bohai, called himself Duke of the Eastern Sea, and his host ran to tens of thousands. Bian was sent against him and again and again broke their spearhead. The emperor was at Jiangdu Palace; when he heard, he called Bian in. At the audience gifts and courtesy were lavish. He sent him back to Xindu to deal with Shida; Bian beat him again, and the court issued a warm edict of praise. Bandit chiefs Hao Xiaode, Sun Xuanya, Shi Jikang, Dou Jiande, Wei Dao'er, and others were camped all over the land, some with a hundred thousand men, some with only a few thousand, raiding Hebei. Bian struck them wherever he marched and always won. When Zhai Rang raided Xu and Yu, Bian drove him off again and again. Rang soon joined Li Mi in seizing the Luokou granary. Bian and Wang Shichong campaigned against Mi and faced each other across the Luo for more than a year. Bian attacked and broke Mi. Bian was pressing the victory and about to enter the city. Shichong, not knowing, feared his men were spent and sounded the horn to recall them. Mi's troops seized the moment; the imperial army broke in a rout that could not be stopped. Bian reached the Luo; the bridge was already gone. He waded in to midstream; men in the water caught and dragged him from his horse, and he drowned. The whole army mourned him.

時有河南斛斯萬善，驍勇果毅，與辯齊名。從衛玄討楊玄感，萬善與數騎追及之，玄感窘迫自殺。由是知名，拜武賁郎將。突厥始畢之圍雁門，萬善奮擊之，所向皆破。由是突厥莫敢逼城，十許日竟退，萬善力也。後頻討群盜，累功至將軍。

At that time Husi Wanshan of Henan was fierce and bold, with a name to match Bian's. In the campaign against Yang Xuangan under Wei Xuan, Wanshan with a few riders ran him down; Xuangan, cornered, killed himself. From that he won a name and was made bold tiger guard commandant. When the Shibi qaghan of the Turks besieged Yanmen, Wanshan struck hard; wherever he turned, the enemy broke. After that the Turks did not dare press the walls. In a little more than ten days they drew off at last, and it was Wanshan's work. Later he campaigned again and again against bandits and by piled merit rose to general.

又有將軍鹿願、范貴、馮孝慈，俱為將帥，數從征伐，並有名於世。事皆亡失，故史官闕云。

There were also the generals Lu Yuan, Fan Gui, and Feng Xiaoci, all field commanders who followed many campaigns and all had names in their day. Their deeds are lost, and the historians pass them by in silence.

陳稜，字長威，廬江襄安人也。祖碩，以漁釣自給。父峴，少驍勇，事章大寶為帳內部曲。告大寶反，授譙州刺史。陳滅，廢於家。高智慧、汪文進反，廬江豪傑亦舉兵相應。以峴舊將，共推為主。峴欲拒之，稜謂峴曰：「眾亂既作，拒之禍且及己，不如偽從，別為後計。」峴然之。後潛使稜至柱國李徹所，請為內應。徹上其事，拜上大將軍、宣州刺史，封譙郡公，詔徹應接之。徹軍未至，謀泄，為其黨所殺，稜以獲免。上以其父之故，拜開府，尋領鄉兵。

Chen Ling, courtesy name Changwei, came from Xiang'an in Lujiang. His grandfather Shuo lived by fishing. His father Xian was fierce and brave in youth and served Zhang Dabao as a guard in his personal retinue. He denounced Dabao for rebellion and was made governor of Qiao. When Chen fell, he was stripped of office and lived at home. Gao Zhihui and Wang Wenjin rose in revolt, and the great families of Lujiang also took up arms in answer. Because Xian was a veteran commander, they together pushed him to lead them. Xian wanted to refuse. Ling told him, "The mob is already in arms. Refuse and the harm will reach you. Better to pretend to go along and plan another way. Xian agreed. Later he secretly sent Ling to the pillar of state Li Che to offer himself as an inside man. Che sent up the report. Ling was made upper grand general and governor of Xuan, enfeoffed as duke of Qiao commandery, and the court ordered Che to join with him. Che's army had not yet come when the plot leaked. The rebels killed Xian, but Ling was spared. The emperor, for his father's sake, made him a grand opening and soon set him over local militia.

大業三年，拜武賁郎將。後與朝請大夫張鎮周自義安泛海擊流求國，月餘而至。流求人初見船艦，以為商旅，往往詣軍貿易。稜率眾登岸，遣鎮周為先鋒。其主歡斯渴刺兜遣兵拒戰，鎮周頻破之。稜進至低沒檀洞，其小王歡斯老模拒戰，稜敗之，斬老模。其日霧雨晦冥，將士皆懼，稜刑白馬以祭海神，既而開霽。分為五軍，趣其都邑，乘勝逐北，至其柵，破之，斬渴刺兜，獲其子島槌，虜男女數千而歸。帝大悅。加稜右光祿大夫，鎮周金紫光祿大夫。

In the third year of Daye he was made bold tiger guard commandant. Later he and the court gentleman Zhang Zhenzhou sailed from Yi'an across the sea against Liuqiu and came to land after more than a month. When the Liuqiu people first saw the fleet, they took it for merchant traffic and often came to the camp to trade. Ling led his men ashore and sent Zhenzhou ahead as vanguard. Their king Huansikoucidou sent troops to meet them; Zhenzhou beat them again and again. Ling pushed on to the cave of Dimotan. The lesser king Huansilaomo fought him; Ling broke him and took Laomo's head. That day fog and rain shut out the sky and the troops were afraid. Ling sacrificed a white horse to the sea god, and the weather cleared. He split into five columns, rushed their capital, chased the rout to their stockade, broke it, killed Koucidou, took his son Daozhui, and came back with several thousand captives. The emperor was greatly pleased. Ling was raised to right grand master for splendid happiness; Zhenzhou was made grand master with golden seal and purple ribbon.

遼東之役，以宿衛遷左光祿大夫。明年，帝復征遼東，稜為東萊留守。楊玄感反，稜擊平黎陽，斬玄感所署刺史元務本。尋奉詔于江南營戰艦。至彭城，賊帥孟讓據都梁宮，阻淮為固。稜潛於下流而濟，至江都，襲破讓。以功進位光祿大夫，賜爵信安侯。

In the Liaodong war he was moved, for palace guard service, to left grand master for splendid happiness. The next year the emperor marched on Liaodong again, and Ling was left as guardian of Donglai. Yang Xuangan rebelled. Ling crushed Liyang and beheaded Yuan Wuben, whom Xuangan had set over the district. Soon he was ordered to build warships in the lower Yangtze. At Pengcheng the bandit Meng Rang held the Duliang Palace and made the Huai his wall. Ling crossed downstream by stealth, reached Jiangdu, and smashed Rang. For merit he was raised to grand master of the palace and enfeoffed as marquis of Xin'an.

後帝幸江都宮，俄而李子通據海陵，左才相掠淮北，杜伏威屯六合，帝遣厣夌擊之，往見克捷，超拜右禦衛將軍。復度清江，擊宣城賊。俄而帝以弑崩，宇文化及引軍北上，召稜守江都。稜集眾縞素，為煬帝發喪，備儀衛，改葬于吳公台下，衰杖送喪，慟感行路，論者深義之。稜後為李子通所陷，奔杜伏威，伏威忌而害之。

Later the emperor went to Jiangdu Palace. Li Zitong seized Hailing, Zuo Caixiang raided north of the Huai, and Du Fuwei held Liuhe. The emperor sent Ling against them; he went, won at once, and was jumped to right imperial guard general. He crossed the Qing River again and struck the Xuancheng bandits. Soon the emperor was murdered. Yuwen Huaji marched north and called Ling to guard Jiangdu. Ling called the troops out in white, gave Yang Di a full funeral, set out the guard of honor, and reburied him below the Terrace of Duke Wu. They escorted the coffin with mourning staffs, and travelers on the road wept. Men of judgment praised his sense of duty. Later Ling was undone by Li Zitong, fled to Du Fuwei, and Fuwei, envying him, put him to death.

十二年，帝將幸江都，才見四海土崩，諫請還京師，安兆庶。帝大怒，以才屬吏，旬日乃出之。遂幸江都，待遇逾昵。時江都糧盡，內史侍郎虞世基、秘書監袁充等多勸帝幸丹陽。才極陳入京策，世基極言度江便。帝無言，才與世基相忿而出。

In the twelfth year, as the emperor was about to go to Jiangdu, Cai saw the realm breaking apart and urged him to return to the capital and steady the people. The emperor flew into a rage, handed Cai to the law officers, and only let him out after ten days. He went to Jiangdu all the same, and favored Cai more than ever. Grain at Jiangdu was gone. Yu Shiji, vice director of the secretariat, Yuan Chong, director of the library, and many others urged the emperor to move to Danyang. Cai pressed the plan to return to the capital with all his might; Shiji pressed just as hard that crossing the Yangtze was better. The emperor said nothing. Cai and Shiji stalked out, furious with each other.

宇文化及殺逆之際，才時在苑北，化及遣驍果席德方執之，謂曰：「今日之事，祇得如此。」才默然不對。化及忿才無言，將殺之，三日乃釋，以本官從事，鬱鬱不得志。才嘗對化及宴，請勸其同謀逆者十八人楊士覽等酒，化及許之。才執杯曰：「十八人止可一度作，勿復餘處更為。諸人默然不對。行止聊城，遇疾。俄而化及為竇建德所破，才復見虜。心彌不平，數日而卒。

When Yuwen Huaji murdered the emperor, Cai was in the north park. Huaji sent the elite guard Xi Defang to seize him and said, "What is done today could only be done this way. Cai said nothing. Huaji, furious at Cai's silence, was about to kill him, but after three days let him go and kept him at his old post. Cai brooded and could not settle his mind. Once at a feast with Huaji, Cai asked to pour wine for the eighteen men who had joined the plot, Yang Shilan among them. Huaji agreed. Cai raised his cup and said, "You eighteen may do this once only. Do not do it again anywhere else. The men said nothing. On the road they halted at Liaocheng, and he fell ill. Soon Huaji was broken by Dou Jiande, and Cai was taken again. His heart would not quiet; within days he was dead.

仁壽、大業間有蘭興洛、賀蘭蕃，俱為武候將軍，剛嚴正直，不避強禦，咸以稱職知名。

In the Renshou and Daye eras Lan Xingluo and Helan Fan served as martial guard generals, hard and upright, unafraid of the powerful, and both won names for doing their duty.

論曰：虎嘯風生，龍騰雲起，英賢奪發，亦各因時。張定和、張ＣＯ、麥鐵杖皆一時壯士，而困於貧賤。當其鬱抑未遇，亦安知有鴻鵠志哉！終能振拔汙泥，申其力用，符馬革之願，快生平之必，得丈夫之節矣。孟才、錢傑、沈光等感懷恩舊，臨難亡身，雖功無所成，其志有可稱矣。權武素無行檢，不拘刑憲，終取黜辱，不亦宜哉！仁恭武毅見知，文以取達，初在汲郡，清能可紀，後居馬邑，貪吝而亡。鮮克有終，斯言乃驗。吐萬緒、董純以萑蒲不翦，遽嬰罪戮。大業之季，盜可盡乎？俱羅欲加之罪，非其咎釁。王辯殞身勍敵，志在勤王。陳稜縞素髮喪，哀感行路，義之所動，固已深乎！趙才雖人而無儀，志在強直，拒世基之諂，可謂不苟同矣。

The commentators say: When the tiger roars, wind rises; when the dragon soars, clouds gather. Heroes break out, each in his time. Zhang Dinghe, Zhang Ben, and Mai Tiezhang were all fierce men of their day, yet they languished in poverty. When they were still obscure, who could have guessed they harbored the swan's ambition? In the end they shook off the mud, used their strength, kept the vow to die wrapped in horsehide, tasted the fulfillment of a life spent hard, and won a true man's honor. Mengcai, Qian Jie, Shen Guang, and the rest remembered old favor and gave their lives in crisis. Their deeds came to nothing, yet their will deserves praise. Quan Wu had never kept his conduct in check or bowed to the law, and in the end met disgrace. Was that not fitting? Rengong was known for martial grit and rose by polish in letters. In Ji commandery at first his clean rule was worth recording; at Mayi later he turned greedy and died for it. Few men finish well; the old saying held true. Tuwu Xu and Dong Chun, because the weeds were never cleared, suddenly met the axe. In the last years of Daye, could rebels ever be wiped out? When Juluo was destroyed, the charge laid on him was not his true crime. Wang Bian fell before a fierce enemy with his heart set on saving the throne. Chen Ling went out in white and gave the emperor a funeral that moved every traveler on the road. When righteousness stirs a man, it runs deep. Zhao Cai lacked polish, but his will was straight. He refused Shiji's flattery. That was a man who would not truckle.

Cite this Chapter