1
列傳第七十三節義
Biography 73: Exemplars of Loyalty and Righteousness
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于什門段進石文德汲固王玄威婁提劉渴侯硃長生于提馬八龍門文愛晁清劉侯仁石祖興邵洪哲王榮世胡小彪孫道登李幾張安祖王閭劉業興蓋俊郭琰遝龍超乙速孤佛保李棠杜叔毗劉弘游元張須陀楊善會盧楚劉子翊堯君素陳孝意張季珣杜松贇郭世俊郎方貴
Yu Shimen, Duan Jin, Shi Wende, Ji Gu, Wang Xuanwei, Lou Ti, Liu Kehou, Zhu Changsheng, Yu Ti, Ma Balong, Men Wen'ai, Chao Qing, Liu Houran, Shi Zuxing, Shao Hongzhe, Wang Rongshi, Hu Xiaobiao, Sun Daodeng, Li Ji, Zhang Anzu, Wang Lü, Liu Yexing, Gai Jun, Guo Yan, Da Longchao, Yisu Gubao, Li Tang, Du Shupi, Liu Hong, You Yuan, Zhang Xuotuo, Yang Shanhui, Lu Chu, Liu Ziyi, Yao Junsu, Chen Xiaoyi, Zhang Jixun, Du Songyun, Guo Shijun, and Lang Fanggui
3
《易》稱：「立人之道，曰仁與義。」 蓋士之成名，在斯二者。 故古人以天下為大，方身則輕； 生為重矣，比義則輕。 然則死有重於太山，貴其理全也； 生有輕於鴻毛，重其義全也。 故生無再得，死不可追。 而仁道不遠，則殺身以徇； 義重於生，則捐軀而踐。 龍逢殞命于夏癸，比干竭節于商辛，申蒯斷臂于齊莊，弘演納肝于衛懿，漢之紀信、欒布，晉之向雄、嵇紹，並不憚於危亡，以蹈忠貞之節。 雖功未存於社稷，力無救於顛墜。 然視彼苟免之徒，貫三光而洞九泉矣。 凡在立名之士，莫不庶幾焉。 然至臨難忘身，見危授命，雖斯文不墜，而行之蓋寡。 固知士之所重，信在慈乎。 非夫內懷鐵石之心，外負陵霜之節，孰能行之若命，赴蹈如歸者乎！ 自魏訖隋，年餘二百，若乃歲寒見松柏，疾風知勁草，千載之後，懍懍猶生。 豈獨聞彼伯夷，懦夫立志，亦冀將來君子，有所庶幾。
The Book of Changes states: "The way to establish humanity lies in benevolence and righteousness. A gentleman's reputation, it is clear, rests upon these two virtues. The ancients therefore held the realm to be weighty and their own persons slight; life they counted precious, yet set beside righteousness it grew light. Thus death may outweigh Mount Tai, when its principle is whole and honored; and life may prove lighter than a goose feather, when its righteousness is whole and prized. Life comes but once; death cannot be undone. When the path of benevolence lies near at hand, men lay down their lives to follow it; when righteousness outweighs life itself, they cast aside their bodies to walk it. Long Feng perished under Jie of Xia, Bi Gan gave his all under Zhou of Shang, Shen Kui severed his arm for Duke Zhuang of Qi, and Hong Yan laid his liver before Duke Yi of Wei; in Han there were Ji Xin and Luan Bu, in Jin Xiang Xiong and Ji Shao—all alike unafraid of ruin, each treading the path of steadfast loyalty. Though their deeds did not preserve the altars of state, nor their strength arrest a realm in collapse, beside those who merely sought to save themselves they pierced sun, moon, and stars and lit the depths of the underworld. Every man who aspired to leave a name behind looked up to such examples. Yet to face peril and forget oneself, to meet crisis and surrender one's life—though the teaching itself never fell, those who truly lived it were scarce indeed. One sees plainly what the gentleman holds dear: is it not constancy of heart? Without iron and stone in the breast and frost-defying integrity without, who could treat such duty as fate itself and go to death as if homeward bound! From Wei through Sui spans more than two hundred years; yet as cold seasons reveal pine and cypress and fierce winds expose tough grass, a thousand years on these men still seem vividly, sternly alive. It is not only on hearing of Boyi that cowards take heart; one also hopes gentlemen yet to come may find something here to emulate.
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《魏書》序於什門、段進、石文德、汲固、王玄威、婁提、劉渴侯、硃長生、馬八龍、門文愛、晁清、劉侯仁、石祖興、邵洪哲、王榮世、胡小彪、孫道登、李幾、張安祖、王閭以為《節義傳》，今又檢得郭琰、遝龍超、乙速孤佛保，及《周書孝節傳》李棠、杜叔毗附之。 又案《齊書》不立此篇，而《隋書》序劉弘、皇甫誕、游元、馮慈明、張須阤、楊善會、獨孤盛、元文都、盧楚、劉子翊、堯君素為《誠節傳》。 今皇甫誕、馮慈明、獨孤盛、元文都各附其家傳，其餘並附此篇，又檢取《隋書孝義傳》郎方貴、郭世俊亦附之，以備《節文傳》云。
The History of Wei grouped Yu Shimen, Duan Jin, Shi Wende, Ji Gu, Wang Xuanwei, Lou Ti, Liu Kehou, Zhu Changsheng, Ma Balong, Men Wen'ai, Chao Qing, Liu Houran, Shi Zuxing, Shao Hongzhe, Wang Rongshi, Hu Xiaobiao, Sun Daodeng, Li Ji, Zhang Anzu, and Wang Lü in its "Loyalty and Righteousness" memoir; here we have also recovered Guo Yan, Da Longchao, and Yisu Gubao, and appended Li Tang and Du Shupi from the Zhou History's memoir on filial loyalty. The History of Qi, it should be noted, did not include such a chapter; the History of Sui, by contrast, placed Liu Hong, Huangfu Dan, You Yuan, Feng Ciming, Zhang Xuotuo, Yang Shanhui, Dugu Sheng, Yuan Wendu, Lu Chu, Liu Ziyi, and Yao Junsu in its "Sincere Integrity" memoir. Huangfu Dan, Feng Ciming, Dugu Sheng, and Yuan Wendu are now each placed in his family biography; the remainder are gathered in this chapter. Lang Fanggui and Guo Shijun have also been drawn from the Sui History's memoir on filial righteousness and added here, so that this chapter on loyalty and righteousness may stand complete.
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於什門，代人也。 魏明元時為謁者，使喻馮跋。 及至和龍，住外不入，使謂跋曰：「大魏皇帝有詔，須馮主出受，然後敢入。」 跋使人牽逼令入。 見跋不拜，跋令人按其項。 什門曰：「馮主拜受詔，吾自以賓主致敬，何須苦見逼也？」 與跋往復，聲氣厲然，初不撓屈。 既而跋止什門。 什門於群眾中回身背跋，披褲後襠以辱之。 既而拘留，隨身衣裳，敗壞略盡，蟣虱被體。 跋遺以衣服，拒而不受。 曆二十四年。 後馮弘上表稱臣，乃送什門歸。 拜書侍御史。 太武下詔褒美，比之蘇武，賜羊千口、帛千匹，進為上大夫，策告宗廟，班示天下。
Yu Shimen was a native of Dai. Under Emperor Mingyuan of Wei he served as palace usher and was dispatched to announce the imperial will to Feng Ba. On reaching Helong he remained outside and refused to enter, sending word to Feng Ba: "The emperor of Great Wei has issued an edict. Your lordship must come out to receive it; only then may I dare enter. Feng Ba had men seize and drag him inside. When he met Feng Ba he did not bow. Feng Ba ordered men to force his head down. Shimen said, "When my lord of Feng bows to receive the edict, I on my own will render the courtesies due between host and guest. Why must you torment me with force? He and Feng Ba argued back and forth, his tone fierce throughout, and he never once yielded. Feng Ba then had Shimen detained. Before the assembled crowd Shimen turned his back on Feng Ba, dropped his trousers, and exposed his buttocks to shame him. Held in confinement thereafter, the clothes on his person rotted away almost entirely and lice swarmed over his body. Feng Ba sent him garments, but he refused them. Twenty-four years passed in this way. Only when Feng Hong later submitted a memorial declaring himself a vassal was Shimen sent home. He was appointed Attending Censor. Emperor Taiwu issued an edict praising him, likening him to Su Wu, and granted him a thousand sheep and a thousand bolts of silk. He was promoted to Senior Grand Master; the achievement was announced at the ancestral temple and proclaimed throughout the realm.
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段進，不知何許人也。 太武初，為白道守將。 蠕蠕大檀入塞，圍之，力屈被執。 進抗聲大罵，遂為賊殺。 帝湣之，追贈安北將軍，賜爵顯美侯，諡曰莊。
Duan Jin was a man of unknown origin. Early in the reign of Emperor Taiwu he served as garrison commander of Baidao. When the Rouran khan Dadan raided the frontier and besieged him, his strength gave out and he was taken prisoner. Duan Jin shouted his defiance and cursed them at the top of his voice, and the enemy killed him. The emperor mourned him and posthumously appointed him General Who Pacifies the North, enfeoffing him as Marquis of Xianmei with the posthumous name Zhuang.
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石文德，中山蒲陰人也。 有行義。 真君初，縣令黃宣在任喪亡。 宣單貧，無期親。 文德祖父苗以家財殯葬，持服三年。 奉養宣妻二十餘載，及亡，又衰縗斂祔，率禮無闕。 自苗逮文德，刺史守令卒官者，制服送之。 五世同居，閨門雍睦。
Shi Wende was a native of Puyin in Zhongshan. He was known for upright conduct. Early in the Zhenjun era the county magistrate Huang Xuan died while still in office. Huang Xuan was utterly destitute and had no close kin. Wende's grandfather Miao buried him at the family's expense and observed the three-year mourning. He supported Huang Xuan's wife for more than twenty years, and when she died he again donned mourning, encoffined her, and buried her beside her husband, observing every rite without lapse. From Miao down through Wende, whenever a provincial inspector or local magistrate died in office, the family donned mourning and saw the funeral through. Five generations lived under one roof, and harmony reigned within the household.
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又梁州上言，天水白石縣人趙令安、孟蘭強等四世同居，行著州裏。 詔並標榜門閭。
Liang Province also reported that Zhao Ling'an, Meng Lanqiang, and others of Baishi County in Tianshui had lived together for four generations, their conduct renowned throughout the district. An edict ordered commemorative plaques set up at their gates.
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汲固，東郡梁城人也。 為兗州從事。 刺史李式坐事被收，吏人皆送至河上。 時式子憲生始滿月。 式大言於眾曰：「程嬰、仵臼何如人也？」 固曰：「今古豈殊！」 遂便潛還不顧，徑來入城，於式婦閨抱憲歸藏。 及捕者收憲，屬有一婢產男，母以婢兒授之。 事尋泄，固乃攜憲逃遁，遇赦始歸。 憲即為固長育，至十餘歲，恆呼固夫婦為郎婆。 後高祐為兗州刺史，嘉固節義，以為主簿。
Ji Gu was a native of Liangcheng in Dong Commandery. He served as Registrar of Yan Province. The provincial inspector Li Shi was arrested on a charge; clerks and attendants all escorted him as far as the river. Li Shi's son Xian was then only one month old. Li Shi cried out before the assembled crowd, "What manner of men were Cheng Ying and Gongsun Wujiu? Ji Gu replied, "Past and present—how should they differ?" He then slipped back without a backward glance, went straight into the city, entered Li Shi's wife's inner quarters, took the infant Xian in his arms, and hid him away. When the pursuers came to seize the child, a maid in the household had just borne a son; Li Shi's wife gave them the maid's infant instead. The ruse was soon discovered; Ji Gu then fled with young Xian and did not return until an amnesty was proclaimed. Xian was thereafter raised by Ji Gu until his teens, always addressing Ji Gu and his wife as "Father-in-law" and "Mother-in-law." Later, when Gao You became Inspector of Yan Province, he admired Ji Gu's integrity and appointed him Chief Clerk.
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王玄威，恆農北陝人也。 獻文崩，玄威立草廬於州城門外，衰裳蔬粥，哭踴無時。 刺史苟頹以事表聞。 詔令問狀，云：「先帝澤被蒼生，玄威不勝悲慕，戀心如此，不知禮式。」 詔問玄威，欲有所訴，聽為表列。 玄威云：「聞諱悲號，竊謂臣子同例，無所求謁。」 及至百日，乃自竭家財，設四百人齋會。 忌日，又設百僧供。 至大除日，詔送白槹褲褶一具與玄威釋服，下州令表異焉。
Wang Xuanwei was a native of Beishan in Hengnong. When Emperor Xianwen died, Xuanwei built a thatched hut outside the provincial city gate, wore hemp mourning and lived on plain gruel, weeping and stamping the ground without regard to hour. The provincial inspector Gou Tui reported the matter to the throne. An edict ordered an inquiry; he replied, "The late emperor's grace covered all living things. I cannot bear my grief and longing; my heart clings to him thus, though I know nothing of proper ritual forms. The edict asked whether Xuanwei wished to present any petition and permitted him to set it forth in a memorial. Xuanwei replied, "On hearing the tabooed name I wail in grief. I consider that subject and minister share the same obligation; I have nothing to petition for. When the hundredth day of mourning arrived he exhausted his family's wealth to hold a vegetarian feast for four hundred persons. On the anniversary of the death he again provided offerings for a hundred monks. On the day when the full mourning period ended, an edict sent him a set of white hemp trousers and jacket so that he might lay mourning aside, and ordered the province to record his exceptional conduct.
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婁提，代人也。 獻文時，為內三郎。 獻文暴崩，提謂人曰：「聖主升遐，安用活為！」 遂引佩刀自刺，幾死。 文明太后詔賜帛二百匹。
Lou Ti was a native of Dai. Under Emperor Xianwen he served as Inner Third-Rank Attendant. When Emperor Xianwen died suddenly, Lou Ti said to those around him, "The sage ruler has departed—what use is there in living on? He then drew the dagger at his belt and stabbed himself, nearly dying. Empress Dowager Wenming issued an edict granting him two hundred bolts of silk.
12
時有敕勒部人蛭拔寅，兄地于坐盜食官馬，依制命死。 拔寅自誣己殺，兄又云實非弟殺。 兄弟爭死，辭不能定，孝文昭原之。
At that time a Chile tribesman named Zhibayin had an elder brother, Diyu, who was sentenced to death for stealing and eating government horses, as the law required. Zhibayin falsely confessed that he himself had committed the crime, while his brother declared that in truth the younger had not done it. The brothers each insisted on dying in the other's place; their accounts could not be reconciled, and Emperor Xiaowen pardoned them both by edict.
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劉渴侯，不知何許人也。 稟性剛烈。 太和中，為徐州後軍，以力死戰，眾寡不敵，遂禽。 瞋目大罵，終不降屈，為賊所殺。 孝文贈立忠將軍、平州刺史、上庸侯，賜絹千匹、穀千斛。
Liu Kehou was a man of unknown origin. By nature he was stern and unyielding. During the Taihe era he served in the rear army of Xuzhou, fought to the death with all his strength, was overwhelmed by superior numbers, and was taken prisoner. Glaring, he cursed them at the top of his voice and never submitted; the enemy killed him. Emperor Xiaowen posthumously appointed him General Who Establishes Loyalty, Inspector of Ping Province, and Marquis of Shangyong, and granted a thousand bolts of silk and a thousand hu of grain.
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有嚴季者亦為軍校尉，與渴侯同殿，勢窮被執，終不降屈。 後得逃還，除立節將軍，賜爵五等男。
A certain Yan Ji also served as military school commandant. He fought in the same engagement as Liu Kehou; when his strength gave out he too was captured, yet he never submitted. He later escaped and returned, was appointed General Who Establishes Integrity, and was enfeoffed as Baron of the Fifth Rank.
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硃長生、於提者，並代人也。 孝文時，長生為員外散騎常侍，與提俱使高車。 既至，高車王阿伏至羅責長生等拜，長生拒之。 阿伏至羅乃不以禮待。 長生以金銀寶器奉之，至羅既受獻，長生曰：「為臣內附，宜盡臣禮，何得口雲再拜，而實不拜。」 呼出帳，命眾中拜。 阿伏至羅慚其臣下，大怒曰：「帳中何不教我拜，而辱我於大眾？」 奪長生等獻物，內之叢石，兵脅之曰：「為我臣則活，不降則殺汝！」 長生與於提瞋目厲聲責之曰：「我為鬼，不為汝臣！」 阿伏至羅大怒，絕其飲食。 從者三十人皆求阿伏至羅，乃給以肉酪。 長生與提又不從，乃各分徙之。 三歲及放還。 孝文以長生等守節，遠同蘇武，拜長生河內太守，提隴西太守，並賜爵五等男，從者皆為令長。
Zhu Changsheng and Yu Ti were both natives of Dai. Under Emperor Xiaowen, Changsheng served as Supernumerary Regular Attendant of the Scattered Cavalry and was sent with Yu Ti as envoy to the Gaoche. On their arrival the Gaoche king Avu Zhiluo demanded that Changsheng and his party bow; Changsheng refused. Avu Zhiluo thereupon ceased to treat them with courtesy. Changsheng presented gold, silver, and precious vessels as tribute. After Avu Zhiluo had accepted the gifts, Changsheng said, "As a subject who has submitted to the inner court, you ought to observe a subject's full rites. How can you say with your mouth that you bow twice, yet in fact not bow at all? He called Avu Zhiluo out of the tent and ordered him to bow before the assembled multitude. Ashamed before his own followers, Avu Zhiluo flew into a rage. "Why did you not teach me to bow inside the tent," he cried, "yet humiliate me before the whole assembly? He seized the envoys' gifts, shut them among the rocks, and threatened them at sword's point: "Become my subjects and live; refuse, and I shall kill you!" Changsheng and Yu Ti glared at him and cried out in stern reproach, "We shall be ghosts before we become your subjects!" Avu Zhiluo was furious and cut off their food and drink. Their thirty attendants all pleaded with Avu Zhiluo, and he then supplied them with meat and curds. Changsheng and Yu Ti again refused, so he had them separated and sent to different places. After three years they were released and sent home. Emperor Xiaowen, holding that Changsheng and his companions had kept their integrity in a manner far akin to Su Wu, appointed Changsheng Administrator of Henei and Yu Ti Administrator of Longxi, enfeoffing both as Barons of the Fifth Rank; their attendants were all made district magistrates.
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馬八龍，武邑武強人也。 輕財重義。 友人武遂縣尹靈哲在軍喪亡，八龍聞即奔赴，負屍而歸，以家財殯葬，為制緦麻，撫其孤遺，恩如所生。 州郡表列，詔表門閭。
Ma Balong was a native of Wuqiang in Wuyi. He held wealth lightly and prized righteousness. When his friend Yin Lingzhe of Wusui County died on campaign, Balong heard the news and rushed to the scene, carried the body home on his shoulders, buried him at his family's expense, donned the coarsest hemp mourning, and raised the orphans left behind with the same devotion he would have shown his own children. The province and commandery reported his conduct to the throne, and an edict ordered a commemorative plaque set up at his gate.
17
門文愛，汲郡山陽人也。 早孤，供養伯父母以孝謹聞。 伯父亡，服未終，伯母又亡。 文愛居喪持服六年，哀毀骨立。 鄉人魏仲賢等相與標其孝義。
Men Wen'ai was a native of Shanyang in Ji Commandery. Orphaned early, he supported his uncle and aunt and was renowned for filial devotion. His uncle died, and before the mourning period had ended his aunt died as well. Wen'ai observed mourning for six years, his grief so consuming that he was worn to skin and bone. His fellow townsman Wei Zhongxian and others jointly commended his filial devotion.
18
晁清，遼東人也。 祖暉，濟州刺史、潁川公。 清襲祖爵，例降為伯。 為梁城戍將，梁師攻圍，糧盡城陷。 清抗節不屈，為賊所殺。 宣武褒美，贈樂陵太守，諡曰忠。 子榮賓襲。
Chao Qing was a native of Liaodong. His grandfather Hui had served as Inspector of Ji Province and Duke of Yingchuan. Qing inherited his grandfather's title, which by regulation was reduced to marquis. He served as garrison commander of Liangcheng. Liang forces besieged the city until provisions ran out and it fell. Chao Qing held firm and refused to submit, and the enemy killed him. Emperor Xuanwu praised his conduct and posthumously appointed him Administrator of Leling, with the posthumous name Zhong. His son Rongbin inherited the title.
19
劉侯仁，豫州人也。 城人白早生殺刺史司馬悅，據城南叛。 悅息朏，走投侯仁，賊雖重加購募，又嚴其捶撻，侯仁終無漏泄。 朏遂免禍。 事寧，有司奏其操行，請免府籍，敘一小縣。 詔可。
Liu Houran was a native of Yu Province. A townsman named Bai Zaosheng killed the provincial inspector Sima Yue, seized the southern part of the city, and rebelled. Sima Yue's son Fei fled to Liu Houran for refuge. Though the rebels offered heavy rewards and subjected Houran to severe beatings, he never divulged the boy's whereabouts. Fei thus escaped harm. When the affair was settled, the relevant offices reported his conduct and requested that he be struck from the prefectural register and appointed magistrate of a small county. The edict approved.
20
石祖興，常山九門人也。 太守田文彪、縣令和真等喪亡，祖興自出家絹二百餘匹，營護喪事。 州郡表列。 孝文嘉之，賜爵二級為上造。 後拜寧陵令，卒。 吏部尚書李韶奏其節義，請加贈諡，以獎來者，靈太后如所奏。 有司諡曰恭。
Shi Zuxing was a native of Jiumen in Changshan. When the Administrator Tian Wenbiao, the Magistrate He Zhen, and others died, Zuxing contributed more than two hundred bolts of silk from his family's stores and saw to their funerals. The province and commandery reported his conduct to the throne. Emperor Xiaowen commended him and raised him two ranks of nobility to Shangzao. He was later appointed Magistrate of Ningling and died in office. Li Shao, Minister of Personnel, memorialized his integrity and requested an added posthumous title to encourage future exemplars; Empress Dowager Ling approved the request. The relevant offices gave him the posthumous name Gong.
21
邵洪哲，上谷沮陽人也。 縣令范道榮先自朐城歸款，以除縣令。 道榮鄉人徐孔明妄經公府，訟道榮非勳，道榮坐除名。 羈旅孤貧，不能自理。 洪哲不勝義憤，遂代道榮詣京師，明申曲直，經歷寒暑，不憚劬勞。 道榮卒得復雪。
Shao Hongzhe was a native of Juyang in Shanggu. The magistrate Fan Daorong had earlier surrendered from Jucheng and was appointed magistrate in recognition of his submission. Daorong's fellow townsman Xu Kongming lodged a false complaint at the government offices, alleging that Daorong had no claim to merit; Daorong was dismissed and struck from the rolls. A wanderer, alone and destitute, he could not manage on his own. Hongzhe, overcome by righteous indignation, went to the capital on Daorong's behalf, clearly setting forth the rights and wrongs of the case, enduring cold and heat without regard for hardship. Fan Daorong's name was at last cleared.
22
又北鎮反亂，道榮孤單，無所歸附。 洪哲兄伯川復率鄉人來相迎接，送達幽州。 道榮感其誠節，訴省申聞。 詔下州郡，標其里閭。
When the northern garrisons rebelled, Daorong was utterly alone with nowhere to turn. Hongzhe's elder brother Bochuan again led fellow townsmen to meet and escort him, delivering him safely to You Province. Moved by their sincere loyalty, Daorong reported the matter to the provincial authorities. An edict went down to the provinces and commanderies ordering a commemorative plaque for their hamlet.
23
王榮世，陽平館陶人也。 為三城戍主、方城縣子。 梁師攻圍，力窮，知不可全，乃先焚府庫，後殺妻妾。 及賊陷城，與戍副鄧元興等俱以不屈被害。 明帝下詔，褒美忠節，進榮世爵為伯，贈齊州刺史； 元興開國子，贈洛州刺史。
Wang Rongshi was a native of Guantao in Yangping. He served as garrison commander of Sancheng and held the title Baron of Fangcheng County. When Liang forces besieged the city and his strength gave out, knowing it could not be saved, he first burned the government storehouses and then killed his wife and concubines. When the enemy took the city, he and the deputy commander Deng Yuanxing and others were all killed for refusing to submit. Emperor Ming issued an edict praising their steadfast loyalty, promoting Rongshi's title to marquis and posthumously appointing him Inspector of Qi Province; Deng Yuanxing was enfeoffed as founding viscount and posthumously appointed Inspector of Luo Province.
24
胡小彪，河南河陰人也。 少有武氣。 正光末，為統軍于晉壽。 孝昌中，梁將樊文識等寇邊。 益州刺史邴虯遣長史和安固守小劍，文熾圍之。 虯命小彪與統軍崔珍寶同往防拒。 文熾掩襲小彪、珍寶並禽之。 文熾攻小劍未陷，乃將珍寶至城下，使謂和安曰：「南軍強盛，北救不來，豈若歸款，取其富貴？」 和安命射之，乃退。 復逼小彪與和安交言。 小彪乃慷慨謂安曰：「我柵不防，為賊所虜。 觀其兵士，勢不足言，努力堅守，魏行台、傅梁州遣將已至。」 賊以刀毆擊，言不得終，遂害之。 三軍無不歎其壯節，哀其死亡。 賊尋奔敗，禽其次將蕭世澄、陳文緒等一十一人。 行台魏子建壯其氣概，啟以世澄購其屍柩，乃獲骸骨歸葬之。
Hu Xiaobiao was a native of Heyin in Henan. From youth he showed a martial spirit. At the end of the Zhengguang era he served as army commander at Jinshou. During the Xiaochang era the Liang general Fan Wenshi and others raided the frontier. Bing Qiu, Inspector of Yi Province, sent his Chief Clerk He An to hold Xiaojian; Fan Wenchi besieged the place. Bing Qiu ordered Xiaobiao and the army commander Cui Zhenbao to go together to reinforce the defense. Fan Wenchi launched a surprise attack and captured both Xiaobiao and Zhenbao. Before Xiaojian had fallen, Wenchi brought Zhenbao to the foot of the wall and had him call to He An: "The southern army is strong and northern relief will not come. Would it not be better to submit and win wealth and rank? He An ordered archers to shoot at him, and the enemy withdrew. They again forced Xiaobiao to speak with He An. Xiaobiao then cried out fervently to He An, "My palisade was poorly defended and I was captured by the enemy. Look at their troops—their strength is nothing worth speaking of. Hold firm with all your strength; the Wei executive and Fu, Inspector of Liang, have already sent generals who are near at hand. The enemy struck him with blades before he could finish; they killed him on the spot. Throughout the army none failed to admire his stalwart integrity and mourn his death. The enemy soon fled in defeat, and eleven of their officers including the deputy generals Xiao Shicheng and Chen Wenxu were captured. The executive Wei Zijian admired his spirit and memorialized that Xiao Shicheng be exchanged for his body; the remains were recovered and sent home for burial.
25
遜道登，彭城呂縣人也。 永安初，為梁將韋休等所虜。 面縛臨刃，巡遠村塢，令其招降鄉曲。 道登厲聲唱呼：「但當努力，賊無所能！」 賊遂屠戮之。
Sun Daodeng was a native of Lü County in Pengcheng. Early in the Yong'an era he was captured by the Liang general Wei Xiu and his forces. Bound and led before the blade, he was marched through distant villages and stockades and ordered to induce the local people to surrender. Daodeng shouted in a stern voice, "Only strive with all your strength—the enemy can do nothing! The enemy thereupon slaughtered him.
26
又荊州被圍，行台宗靈恩遣使宗女等四人入城曉喻，為賊將所獲。 執女等巡城，令其改辭。 女等大言：「天軍垂至，堅守莫降。」 賊忿，各刳其腹，然後斬首。 二州表其節義。 道登等並賜五品郡、五等子爵，聽子弟承襲，遣使詣所在弔祭。
When Jing Province was besieged, the executive Zong Ling'en sent four envoys including Zong Nü into the city to explain and persuade the defenders; a rebel general captured them. The rebels paraded them around the wall and ordered them to change their message. They cried out loudly, "The imperial army is about to arrive—hold firm and do not surrender! The rebels in a rage disemboweled each of them and then cut off their heads. The two provinces reported their steadfast loyalty. Daodeng and the others were all granted fifth-rank commandery titles and the rank of viscount of the fifth degree, with permission for sons and younger brothers to inherit; envoys were sent to their home districts to offer mourning sacrifices.
27
李幾，博陵安平人也。 七世共居同財。 家有二十二房，一百九十八口，長幼濟濟，風禮著聞。 至於作役，卑幼競集。 鄉里嗟美，標其門閭。
Li Ji was a native of Anping in Boling. Seven generations lived together and shared their property. The household comprised twenty-two branches and one hundred ninety-eight members; old and young thronged in orderly array, and their customs and rites were renowned. When labor was required, the younger members all rushed to take part. The district admired them, and a commemorative plaque was set up at their gate.
28
張安祖，河陽人也。 襲世爵山北侯。 時有元承貴，曾為河陽令。 家貧，且赴尚書求選，逢天寒甚，遂凍死路側。 一子年幼，停屍門巷，棺殮無托。 安祖悲哭盡禮，買木為棺，手自營作，殮殯周給。 朝野嘉歎。 尚書聞奏，標其門閭。
Zhang Anzu was a native of Heyang. He inherited the hereditary title Marquis of Shanbei. At that time there was Yuan Chenggui, who had once served as Magistrate of Heyang. His family was poor. He was on his way to the Ministry of Personnel to seek appointment when the cold grew fierce, and he froze to death by the roadside. He left a young son; the body lay in the lane with no one to provide a coffin or burial. Anzu mourned him with full rites, bought wood for a coffin, fashioned it with his own hands, and saw to the encoffinment and burial in full. Court and commonalty alike praised his conduct. The Ministry of Personnel reported the matter to the throne, and a commemorative plaque was set up at his gate.
29
王閭，北海密人也。 數世同居，有百口。 又太山劉業興，四世同居，魯郡蓋俊，六世同居，並共財產，家門雍睦。 鄉里敬異。 有司申奏，皆標門閭。
Wang Lü was a native of Mi in Beihai. Several generations lived together under one roof, numbering a hundred members. Liu Yexing of Taishan lived together for four generations; Gai Jun of Lu Commandery for six—they all shared property, and harmony reigned within their households. Their districts revered them. The relevant offices reported their cases, and commemorative plaques were set up at all their gates.
30
遝龍超，晉壽人也。 性尚義俠，少為鄉里所重。 永熙中，梁將樊文熾來寇益州，刺史傅和孤城固守。 龍超每出戰，輒破之。 時攻圍既久，糧矢方盡，刺史遣龍超夜出，請援於漢中，遂為文熾所得。 許以封爵，使告城中曰：「外無援軍，宜早降。」 乃置龍超於攻樓上。 龍超乃告刺史曰：「援軍數萬，近在大寒。」 文熾大怒，火炙殺之。 至死，辭氣不撓。 大統二年，詔贈龍驤將軍、巴州刺史。
Da Longchao was a native of Jinshou. By nature he prized righteousness and chivalry, and from youth his district held him in esteem. During the Yongxi era the Liang general Fan Wenchi invaded Yi Province, and the Inspector Fu He held the isolated city in a desperate defense. Whenever Longchao went out to fight he invariably routed the enemy. The siege had dragged on until grain and arrows were nearly spent. The inspector sent Longchao out by night to seek relief from Hanzhong, and Fan Wenchi captured him. They promised him a title and rank and had him call to the city, "There are no relief troops outside. You should surrender at once. They placed Longchao on the assault tower. Longchao then called to the inspector, "Relief troops number in the tens of thousands and are close at hand. Fan Wenchi flew into a rage and had him burned alive. To the end his bearing and speech never wavered. In the second year of Datong, an edict posthumously appointed him Dragon Cavalry General and Inspector of Bazhou.
31
乙速孤佛保，北秀容胡酋也。 少驍武，善射。 孝武帝時，為直閣將軍。 從入關，封蒲子縣公，並賜弓矢。 大統初，梁將蘭欽來寇，遂陷漢中。 佛保時為都督，統兵力戰。 知將敗，乃先城未陷，仰天大哭曰：「此馬吾常所乘，此弓矢天恩賜我，豈可令賊得吾弓馬乎！」 遂斬馬及弓，自刎而死。 三軍莫不壯之。 黃門郎趙僧慶時使漢中，聞，乃收運其屍致長安。 天子歎感，詔著作錄之。
Yisu Gubao was a chieftain of the Northern Xiurong Hu. From youth he was fierce in battle and an expert archer. Under Emperor Xiaowu he served as Direct Gate General. When the court entered the Guan region, he was enfeoffed as Duke of Puzi County and granted bow and arrows. Early in the Datong era the Liang general Lan Qin invaded and captured Hanzhong. Gubao was then area commander and led his troops in a desperate fight. Seeing defeat was inevitable, he wept to heaven before the city fell: "This horse I have always ridden; these bow and arrows the emperor bestowed on me—how can I let the enemy take my bow and horse! He slew his horse and broke his bow, then cut his own throat and died. Every man in the army was stirred by his deed. The Yellow Gate Gentleman Zhao Sengqing was then on mission in Hanzhong; when he heard the news, he gathered the body and had it conveyed to Chang'an. The emperor was deeply moved and ordered the historiographers to set the account down in writing.
32
李棠，字長卿，勃海蓚人也。 祖伯貴，魏宣武時，官至魯郡守。 有孝行，居父喪，哀戚過禮，遂以毀卒。 宣武嘉之，贈勃海相。 父元胄，員外散騎侍郎。 棠幼孤，好學，有志操。 高仲密為北豫州刺史，請棠為掾。 仲密將圖西附。 時東魏又遣鎮城奚壽興典兵事。 仲密遂與堂謀殺壽興，率其眾據城，遣棠詣關中歸款。 周文嘉之，封廣宗縣公，位給事黃門侍郎，加車騎大將軍、儀同三司、散騎常侍。 從魏安公尉遲迥伐蜀，棠乃應募喻之。 既入成都，蕭捴問迥軍中委曲，棠不對。 捴乃苦辱之。 棠曰：「我王者忠臣，有死而已，義不為爾移志也。」 遂害之。 子敞嗣。
Li Tang, courtesy name Changqing, was a native of Xiurong in Bohai. His grandfather Bo Gui had risen to Administrator of Lu Commandery under Emperor Xuanwu of Wei. He was known for filial piety; during his father's mourning his grief exceeded the prescribed rites, and he died of grief. Emperor Xuanwu praised him and posthumously appointed him Chancellor of Bohai. His father Yuan Zhou served as Extraordinary Attendant Cavalier Attendant. Tang lost his father young, loved learning, and was a man of firm principle. When Gao Zhongmi became Inspector of Northern Yuzhou, he invited Tang to serve as his aide. Zhongmi was planning to defect to the Western Wei. Eastern Wei had meanwhile sent Xi Shouxing of Zhencheng to take charge of the garrison. Zhongmi then joined Li Tang in a plot to kill Xi Shouxing, seized the city with his troops, and sent Tang to Guanzhong to submit to Western Wei. Yuwen Tai praised him, enfeoffed him as Duke of Guangzong County, and appointed him Attending Affairs Yellow Gate Gentleman, with additional titles of Grand General of Chariots and Cavalry, Equal in Honor to the Three Excellencies, and Regular Attendant Cavalier Attendant. When he followed Duke Wei'an Chi Jue on the campaign against Shu, Tang answered the call to arms and rallied the troops. After Chengdu fell, the Liang general Xiao Yan questioned him about Chi Jue's army; Tang refused to reply. Xiao Yan then subjected him to brutal humiliation. Tang said, "I am a loyal servant of my sovereign. I have only death to offer, and I will not bend my will for your sake. They killed him. His son Chang succeeded him.
33
杜叔毗，字子弼，其先京兆杜陵人也，徙居襄陽。 父漸，梁邊城太守。 叔毗早歲而孤，事母以孝聞。 仕梁，為宜豐侯蕭脩府中直兵參軍。 周文令大將軍達奚武圍脩于南鄭，脩令叔毗詣闕請和。 周文見而禮之。 使未及還，而脩中直兵曹策、參軍劉曉謀以城降武。 時叔毗兄君錫為脩中記室參軍，從子映錄事參軍，映弟晰中直兵參軍，各領部曲。 策等忌之，懼不同己，遂誣以謀叛，擅加害焉。 尋討策等禽之。 城降，策至長安，叔毗朝夕號泣，具申冤狀。 朝議以事在歸附之前，不可追罪。 叔毗志在復仇，然恐坐及其母。 母曰：「汝兄橫罹禍酷，痛切骨髓。 若曹策朝死，吾以夕歿，亦所甘心。 汝何疑焉？」 叔毗拜受母言，後遂白日手刃策於京城，斷首瓠腹，解其支體，然後面縛請就戮焉。 周文嘉其志氣，特命舍之。 遭母憂，哀毀骨立，殆不勝喪。 服闋，晉公護辟為中外府樂曹參軍。 累遷陝州刺史。 後從衛國公直南討，軍敗，為陳人所禽。 陳人將降之，叔毗辭色不撓，遂被害。 子廉卿。
Du Shupi, courtesy name Zibi, came from a family originally of Duling in Jingzhao that had relocated to Xiangyang. His father Jian had served as Administrator of Biancheng under the Liang. Shupi lost his father young and was known throughout the region for his devotion to his mother. Under the Liang he served as Direct Troops Aide in the household of Marquis Yifeng Xiao Xiu. Yuwen Tai sent Grand General Daxi Wu to besiege Xiao Xiu at Nanzheng; Xiu dispatched Shupi to the Zhou court to sue for peace. Yuwen Tai received him with honor. Before Shupi could return, Xiao Xiu's Direct Troops officer Cao Ce and aide Liu Xiao plotted to hand the city over to Daxi Wu. Shupi's elder brother Junxi served as Xiao Xiu's secretariat aide; his nephew Ying as records aide; Ying's younger brother Xi as direct troops aide—each commanded his own retainers. Cao Ce and his faction feared the Du clan would not join them, falsely accused them of treason, and murdered them on their own authority. When the plot came to light, Cao Ce and his accomplices were arrested. After the city surrendered, Cao Ce was sent to Chang'an. Shupi wept day and night before the authorities, laying out the full account of the injustice. The court ruled that because the murders had occurred before the surrender, Cao Ce could not be punished retroactively. Shupi burned for revenge but feared his mother would suffer if he acted. His mother said, "Your brothers were struck down without cause. The pain cuts to the bone. If Cao Ce dies by morning and I die by evening, I will have no regrets. What are you waiting for? Shupi bowed to his mother's charge. Later, in broad daylight in the capital, he ran Cao Ce through with his own hand, cut off his head, disemboweled him, and hacked his body apart; then he bound his own hands and surrendered for execution. Yuwen Tai admired his spirit and expressly ordered him pardoned. When his mother died, his grief wasted him to skin and bone; he nearly did not survive the mourning period. After the mourning period, Duke Jin Yuwen Hu appointed him Music Bureau Aide of the central and outer offices. He rose through successive appointments to Inspector of Shanzhou. Later he followed Duke Weiguo Yuwen Zhi on a southern campaign; the army was routed and Chen forces took him prisoner. The Chen offered him terms of surrender; Shupi's bearing never faltered, and they killed him. His son was Lianqing.
34
劉弘，字仲遠，彭城叢亭里人也。 少好學，有羈檢，重節概。 仕齊，位西楚州刺史。 齊亡，周武帝以為本郡太守。 及隋文帝平陳，以行車長史從總管吐萬緒度江，加上儀同，封濩澤縣公，拜泉州刺史。 會高智慧亂，以兵攻州。 弘城守，糧盡，煮犀甲腰帶及剝樹皮食之，一無離叛。 賊欲降之，弘抗節彌厲。 城陷，為賊所害。 文帝聞而嘉歎者久之，賜物二千段。 子長信，襲其官爵。
Liu Hong, courtesy name Zhongyuan, was a native of Congting Lane in Pengcheng. From youth he loved learning, conducted himself with discipline, and held fast to principle. Under the Qi he rose to Inspector of Western Chuzhou. After the fall of Qi, Emperor Wu of Zhou appointed him administrator of his home commandery. When Emperor Wen of Sui conquered Chen, Hong served as acting chief of staff under Commander-in-Chief Tuwan Xu for the crossing of the Yangzi. He was granted Senior Pillar of State, enfeoffed as Duke of Huoze County, and appointed Inspector of Quanzhou. When Gao Zhihui rose in rebellion, his forces besieged the prefecture. Hong held the city. When provisions ran out, the defenders boiled rhinoceros-hide armor and belts and stripped bark from trees to eat, yet not a single man deserted. The rebels pressed him to surrender; Hong's defiance only hardened. When the city fell, the rebels killed him. Emperor Wen, on hearing the news, mourned and praised him at length, and granted two thousand bolts of silk. His son Changxin inherited his titles and office.
35
游元，字楚客，廣平任城人也。 父寶藏，位至郡守。 元少聰敏。 仕周，曆壽春令、譙州司馬，俱有能名。 開皇中，為殿內侍御史。 煬帝嗣位，遷尚度支郎。 遼東之役，領左驍衛長史，為蓋牟道監軍，拜朝請大夫，兼書侍御史。 宇文述等九軍敗績，帝令元主其獄。 述時貴幸，勢傾朝廷，遣家僮造元，有所請屬，元不之見。 他日，案述逾急，仍以屬請狀劾之。 帝嘉其公正，賜朝服一襲。 後奉使黎陽督運。 楊玄感作逆，告以情。 元引正義責之，遂見困，竟不屈節，見害。 帝甚嘉之，贈銀青光祿大夫，拜其子仁宗為正議大夫、弋陽郡通守。
You Yuan, courtesy name Chuke, was a native of Rencheng in Guangping. His father Baocang had risen to commandery administrator. Yuan was quick-witted from childhood. Under the Zhou he served as magistrate of Shouchun and military administrator of Qiaozhou, earning a reputation for ability in both posts. During the Kaihuang era he served as palace attending censor. When Emperor Yang ascended the throne, Yuan was promoted to Attending Master of Revenue. During the Liaodong campaign he served as chief of staff of the Left Valiant Cavalry Guard and army supervisor on the Gaimou Route, with concurrent appointments as Grand Master for Palace Consultation and Attending Document Censor. When Yuwen Shu and eight other armies were routed, the emperor put Yuan in charge of the investigation. Yuwen Shu was then the emperor's favorite and his influence dominated the court. He sent a household slave to Yuan with a private request; Yuan refused to see him. On another day, as the case against Yuwen Shu tightened, Yuan impeached him on the written evidence of the bribery attempt. The emperor praised his integrity and granted him a suit of court robes. Later he was dispatched to Liyang to supervise grain transport. When Yang Xuangan rose in rebellion, he confided his plans to Yuan. Yuan rebuked him in the name of righteousness. Yang Xuangan had him seized, but Yuan never yielded and was killed. The emperor praised him highly, posthumously appointing him Silver-Gleaming Grand Master of the Palace and commissioning his son Renzong as Corrective Counselor Grand Master and general administrator of Yiyang Commandery.
36
張須陀，弘農閿鄉人也。 性剛烈，有勇略。 弱冠從史萬歲討西爨，以功授儀同。 後從楊素擊平漢王諒，加開府。 大業中，為齊郡贊務。 會興遼東之役，歲饑，須陀將開倉賑給。 官屬咸曰：「須待詔敕。」 須陀曰：「如待報至，當委溝壑。 吾若以此獲罪，死無所恨。」 先開倉而後狀，帝嘉而不責。
Zhang Xuotuo was a native of Lüxiang in Hongnong. He was stern and fearless, a man of courage and cunning. In his youth he followed Shi Wansui against the Western Cuan and was granted the title Pillar of State for his service. Later he followed Yang Su in suppressing Prince Han Liang and was granted the Open Office. During the Daye era he served as assistant administrator of Qi Commandery. When the Liaodong campaign began, famine struck the region. Xuotuo prepared to open the granaries and distribute grain. His subordinates all said, "We must wait for an imperial edict. Xuotuo replied, "If we wait for approval, the people will starve in the ditches. If I am punished for this, I will die without regret." He opened the granaries first and reported afterward. The emperor praised him and imposed no penalty.
37
天下既承平日久，多不習兵。 須陀獨勇決善戰，又長撫馭，得士卒心，號為名將。 時賊帥王薄北連豆子<鹵亢>賊孫宣雅、石祗闍、郝孝德等，眾十餘萬，攻章丘。 須陀大破之，露布以聞。 帝大悅，優詔褒揚，令使者圖畫其形容奏之。 其年，賊裴長才，石子河等奄至城下，須陀與戰，長才敗走。 後數旬，賊帥秦君弘、郭方預等園北海，須陀倍道而進，大敗之。 司隸刺史裴操之上狀，帝遣使勞問之。
After generations of peace, most men in the empire had forgotten the art of war. Xuotuo alone was bold, decisive, and skilled in battle; he knew how to win his soldiers' loyalty, and men called him a general of renown. The rebel leader Wang Bo joined forces in the north with the Douzi bandits Sun Xuanya, Shi Zhizhan, Hao Xiaode, and others—more than a hundred thousand strong—and attacked Zhangqiu. Xuotuo routed them utterly and sent a victory dispatch to the capital. The emperor was delighted, issued an edict of warm praise, and ordered envoys to paint his portrait and present it at court. That same year the rebels Pei Changcai, Shizi He, and others suddenly appeared before the city. Xuotuo gave battle and drove Changcai off in defeat. Several weeks later the rebel leaders Qin Junhong and Guo Fangyu besieged Beihai. Xuotuo forced a double march and inflicted a crushing defeat. Inspector of Sili Pei Cao reported the victories to the throne, and the emperor sent envoys to convey his praise.
38
十年，賊左孝友屯蹲狗山，須陀列八營以逼之。 孝友窘迫，面縛來降。 其党解象、王良、鄭大彪、李脘等眾各萬計，須陀平之，威振東夏。 以功遷齊郡通守，領河南道十二郡黜陟討捕大使。 俄而賊盧明月眾十餘萬將寇河北，次祝阿。 須陀邀擊，殺數千人。 賊呂明星、師仁泰、霍小漢等眾各萬餘，擾濟北，須陀擊走之。 尋將兵拒東郡賊翟讓，前後三十餘戰，每破走之。 轉榮陽通守。
In the tenth year the rebel Zuo Xiaoyou encamped on Dun'gou Mountain; Xuotuo deployed eight camps to hem him in. Cornered, Xiaoyou came with his hands tied to surrender. His lieutenants Jie Xiang, Wang Liang, Zheng Dabiao, Li Wan, and others each commanded forces of ten thousand or more. Xuotuo pacified them all, and his renown shook the eastern provinces. For these deeds he was promoted to Defender of Qi and named Grand Commissioner for the twelve commanderies of Henan, with authority to assess officials and pursue bandits. Soon afterward the rebel Lu Mingyue, at the head of more than a hundred thousand men, prepared to invade Hebei and halted at Zhu'e. Xuotuo intercepted him and killed several thousand. The rebels Lü Mingxing, Shi Rentai, Huo Xiaohan, and others, each with more than ten thousand men, were raiding Jibei; Xuotuo attacked and routed them. He then took the field against Zhai Rang's rebels in Dong Commandery; in more than thirty battles he broke and drove them off each time. He was transferred to Defender of Xingyang.
39
時李密說讓取洛口倉，遂逼來滎陽。 須陀拒之，讓懼而退，須陀乘之。 密先伏數千人邀擊之，須陀敗，被圍，潰輒出，左右不能盡出，復入救之，往來數四，眾皆敗。 乃仰天曰：「兵敗如此，何面見天子乎！」 乃下馬戰死。 其所部兵晝夜號哭，數日不止。 帝令其子元備總父兵。 元備時在齊郡，遇賊，竟不果行。
At that time Li Mi persuaded Rang to seize the Luokou granary, and together they advanced on Xingyang. Xuotuo held them off; Rang fled in alarm, and Xuotuo gave chase. Li Mi had already hidden several thousand men to ambush him. Xuotuo was defeated and surrounded. Whenever his line broke he burst out, but not all his men could escape; he turned back four times to rescue them, until his entire force was shattered. He raised his eyes to heaven and cried, "Defeated like this—what face have I left to show the emperor! With that he dismounted and fought until he was killed. His men wailed day and night for many days without cease. The emperor ordered his son Yuanbei to take command of his father's troops. Yuanbei was then in Qi Commandery; he met bandits on the road and never reached his post.
40
楊善會，字敬仁，弘農華陰人也。 父初，位毗陵太守。 善會大業中為鄃令，以清正聞。 俄而百姓聚起為盜，善會討之，往皆克捷。 後賊帥張金稱屯於縣界，善會每挫其鋒。 煬帝遣將軍段達討金稱，善會進計于達，達不能用，軍竟敗。 後進止一以謀之，乃大克。 金稱復引勃海賊孫宣雅、高士雅等破黎陽而還，善會邀破之。 擢拜朝請大夫，清河郡丞。 于時山東郡縣，陷沒相繼，能抗賊者，唯善會而已。 前後七百餘陣，未嘗負敗。 會太僕楊義臣討金稱見敗，取善會定策，與金稱戰，賊乃退走。 善會捕斬之，傳首行在所。 帝賜以尚方甲槊弓劍，進拜清河通守。 復從楊義臣斬漳南賊帥高士達，傳首江都宮。 帝下詔褒揚之。 後為竇建德所陷。 建德釋而禮之，用為貝州刺史。 善會肆罵，臨之以兵，辭氣不撓，乃害之。 清河士庶，莫不傷痛。
Yang Shanhui, styled Jingren, was a native of Huayin in Hongnong. His father Chu had served as Governor of Piling. During the Daye reign Shanhui served as magistrate of Shuxian and was known for his integrity. Before long the people rose in bands; Shanhui attacked them and won every engagement. Later the rebel chief Zhang Jinheng encamped on the county border; Shanhui repelled him at every clash. Emperor Yang sent the general Duan Da against Jinheng. Shanhui offered Da his counsel, but Da would not heed it, and the army was defeated. Thereafter Da followed Shanhui's advice in every move and won a great victory. Jinheng again brought the Bohai rebels Sun Xuanya and Gao Shiya, stormed Liyang, and was returning when Shanhui intercepted and routed him. He was promoted to Supervising Secretary and Assistant Governor of Qinghe. By then commandery after commandery east of the mountains had fallen; Shanhui alone still held the rebels at bay. In more than seven hundred battles he was never once defeated. When Minister of Imperial Studs Yang Yichen attacked Jinheng and was beaten, he adopted Shanhui's plan; in battle with Jinheng the rebels were driven off. Shanhui captured and beheaded him and sent the head to the emperor's camp. The emperor gave him armor, halberd, bow, and sword from the Imperial Workshop and promoted him to Defender of Qinghe. He again followed Yang Yichen in slaying the Zhangnan rebel chief Gao Shida and sent the head to the Jiangdu Palace. The emperor issued an edict commending him. Later he fell into the hands of Dou Jiande. Jiande released him and treated him with honor, appointing him Governor of Beizhou. Shanhui reviled him without restraint; though weapons were trained on him, his tone never wavered, and Jiande put him to death. The people of Qinghe, high and low alike, mourned him.
41
盧楚，涿郡范陽人也。 祖景祚，魏司空掾。 楚少有才學，性鯁急，口秘，言語澀難。 大業中，為尚書左司郎。 當朝正色，甚為公卿所憚。 及帝幸江都，東都官僚多不奉法。 楚每存糾舉，無所回避。 越王侗稱尊號，以楚為內史令、左備身將軍、尚書左丞、右光祿大夫，封涿郡公，與元文都等同心戮力以輔侗。 及王世充作亂，兵犯太陽門。 武衛將軍皇甫無逸斬關逃難，呼楚同去。 楚曰：「僕與元公有約，若社稷有難，誓以俱死。 今舍去不義。」 及世充入，楚匿太官署，執之。 世充奮袂令斬，於是鋒刃交下，支體糜碎。
Lu Chu was a native of Fanyang in Zhuo Commandery. His grandfather Jingzuo had been an aide in the Wei Secretariat. In youth Chu was gifted and learned, but blunt and impatient, sparing of words, and awkward in speech. During the Daye reign he served as Left Bureau Director in the Ministry of State. At court he kept a stern bearing, and the high ministers feared him. When the emperor went south to Jiangdu, most officials at the Eastern Capital ignored the law. Chu investigated and impeached without fear or favor. When the Prince of Yue Yang Tong took the imperial title, Chu was made Grand Secretary, General of the Left Guard Reserve, Left Vice Minister of State, and Right Grand Master for Splendid Happiness, enfeoffed as Duke of Zhuo, and with Yuan Wendu and others gave his full strength to support Tong. When Wang Shichong rebelled, his troops attacked the Taiyang Gate. Martial Guard General Huangfu Wuyi broke through the gate and fled, urging Chu to come with him. Chu said, "I and Duke Yuan pledged that if the realm were in peril we would die together. To flee now would be faithless. When Shichong entered the city, Chu hid in the Imperial Provisioner's office and was taken. Shichong swept his sleeve and ordered him cut down; blades fell from every side until his body was torn to pieces.
42
劉子翊，彭城叢亭里人也。 父遍，齊徐州司馬。 子翊少好學，頗解屬文。 性剛謇，有吏幹。 開皇中，為秦州司法參軍。 因入考，楊素奏為侍御史。 時永甯縣令李公孝，四歲喪母，九歲外繼。 其後，父更別娶後妻，至是而亡。 河間劉炫以為無撫育之恩，議不解任。 子翊駁之曰：
Liu Ziyi was a native of Congting Lane in Pengcheng. His father Bian had been Sima of Xuzhou under Qi. Ziyi loved learning from youth and was skilled at composition. He was stern and upright by nature and capable in office. During the Kaihuang reign he served as Judicial Assistant in Qin Prefecture. When he came to the capital for review, Yang Su recommended him as Attending Censor. At that time Li Gongxiao, magistrate of Yongning, had lost his mother at four and been given in adoption at nine. Later his father had taken another wife, and she now died. Liu Xuan of Hejian held that Gongxiao owed her no rearing and argued he need not leave office. Ziyi rebutted him:
43
《傳》云：「繼母，同母也。」 當以配父之尊，居母之位，齊杖之制，皆如親母。 又「為人後者為其父母期」，服者，自以本生，非殊親之與繼也。 父雖自處傍尊之地，於子之情，猶須隆其本重。 是以令云：「為人後者，其父母，並解官申其心喪。 父卒母嫁，為父後者雖不服，亦申心喪； 其繼母嫁，不解官。」 此專據嫁者生文耳。 將知繼母在父之室，則制同親母。 若謂非有撫育之恩，同之行路，何服之有乎？ 服既有之，心喪焉可獨異？ 三省令旨，其義甚明。 今言令許不解，何其甚謬？ 且後人者為其父母期，未有變隔以親繼，親既等，故心喪不得有殊。 《服問》云：「母出，則為繼母之党服。」 豈不以出母族絕，推而遠之； 繼母配父，引而親之乎？ 子思曰：「為伋也妻，是為白也母； 不為伋也妻，是不為白也母。」 定知服以名重，情以父親。 所以聖人敦之以孝慈，弘之以名義。 是使子以名服，同之親母； 繼母以義報，等之己生。
The Commentary says, "A stepmother is the same as a mother. She is joined to the father's dignity and holds the mother's place; the rules of one-year mourning with staff are the same as for a birth mother. Again, "One who becomes an heir wears one-year mourning for his parents"; the mourner does so by birth tie, not because adoptive kin differs from a stepmother. Though the father stands in a secondary rank, the son's feelings must still honor the weight of his birth parents. Hence the ordinance: "One who becomes an heir must leave office for both parents and observe inner mourning. If the father dies and the mother remarries, the heir, though not in mourning dress, still observes inner mourning; when the stepmother remarries, he does not leave office. That passage speaks only of remarriage. It follows that while the stepmother remains in the father's house, the rites are the same as for a birth mother. If one claims there was no rearing and she is no more than a stranger on the road, what mourning could there be? If formal mourning exists, how can inner mourning alone be different? The intent of the ordinance from the Three Ministries is perfectly clear. To claim the ordinance allows one to stay in office—how far wrong can one be? Moreover, an heir wears one-year mourning for his parents; birth and adoptive ties are not split apart; kinship being equal, inner mourning cannot differ. Questions on Mourning says, "When the mother departs, one mourns the stepmother's kin. Is this not because the birth mother's line is cut off and pushed away; while the stepmother is joined to the father and drawn near as kin? Zisi said, "Taking a wife for Ji makes her Bai's mother; not taking a wife for Ji means she is not Bai's mother. This shows that mourning follows the weight of the name, affection follows the father's bond. Therefore the sages strengthened it through filial kindness and spread it through righteous name. Thus the son mourns by the name, the same as for a birth mother; the stepmother repays by righteous duty, equal to what she bore herself.
44
論云：「禮者稱情而立文，杖義而設教。」 還以此義，諭彼之情。 稱情者如母之情，杖義者為子之義。 分定然後能尊父順名，崇禮篤敬。 苟以姆養之恩，始成母子。 則恩由彼至，服自己來。 則慈母如母，何待父令？ 又云：「繼母、慈母，本實路人，臨己養己，同之骨血。」 基如斯言，子不由父，縱有恩育，得如母乎？ 其慈繼雖在三年之下，而居齊期之上。 禮有倫例，服以稱情。 繼母本以名服，豈藉恩之厚薄也。 至於兄弟之子猶子也，私昵之心實殊，禮服之制無二。 彼言「以」輕「如」重，因以不同； 此謂如重之辭，即同重法。 若使輕重不等，何得為「如」？ 律云「准枉法」者，但准其罪，「以枉法論」者，即同真法。 律以弊刑，禮以設教。 「准」者准擬之名，「以」者即真之稱。 「如」、「以」二字，義用不殊，禮、律兩文，所防是一。 將此明彼，足見其義。 取譬伐柯，何遠之有。
The Discourses say, "Rites weigh feeling to establish form and uphold righteousness to set teaching. Apply this principle to that case. "Weighing feeling" means a mother's feeling; "upholding righteousness" means a son's duty. Only when roles are fixed can one honor the father, follow the name, esteem rites, and deepen reverence. If one holds that a nurse's rearing first made mother and son, then affection came from her and mourning from oneself. Then the nourishing mother would be like a mother—why wait for the father's order? It also says, "Stepmother and nourishing mother were strangers at first; when they came to raise you, they became kin like bone and blood. On such grounds, the son does not act by the father's command; however much rearing there was, could it equal a mother? For nourishing and step mothers, though below three-year mourning, they stand above one-year mourning. Rites have their order; mourning weighs feeling. A stepmother's mourning follows the name, not the depth of affection. A brother's son is like one's own son; private feeling may differ, yet the mourning rites do not. They take "light" for "like" heavy and so make them different; this holds that the word "like" heavy means the law of full heavy mourning. If light and heavy were unequal, how could one say "like"? The code says "comparable to bending the law" counts only as comparable guilt; "treated as bending the law" is the same as true violation. The code employs penal correction; rites establish moral teaching. "Comparable" names a likeness; "treated as" designates the genuine case. The words "like" and "treated as" share the same meaning and use; the rites and the code alike guard one principle. Apply this to that case and the principle is plain. Like felling a handle by its model—the parallel is close at hand.
45
論云：「取子為後者，將以供承祧廟，奉養己身。 不得使宗子歸其故宅，以子道事本父之後妻也。」 然本父後妻，因父而得母稱。 若如來旨，本父亦可無心喪乎？ 何直父之後妻也。
The Discourses say, "One who adopts a son as heir does so to maintain the ancestral line and support oneself. One must not let the heir return to his former home or treat the birth father's later wife as a son would. Yet the birth father's later wife is called mother through the father's bond. By your reasoning, could one also omit inner mourning for the birth father? Why single out only the father's later wife?
46
論又云：「《禮》言舊君，其尊豈後君乎？ 已去其位，非復純臣，須言'舊'以殊之。 別有所重，非復純孝，故言'其'已見之，目以'其父'之文，是名異也。」 此又非通論。 何以言之？ 「其」「舊」訓殊，所用亦別。 「舊」者易新之稱，「其」者因彼之辭，安得以相類哉？ 至如《禮》云：「其父析薪，其子不克負荷。」 《傳》云：「衛雖小，其君在焉。」 若其父而有異，其君復有異乎？ 斯不然矣。
The Discourses also say, "The Rites speak of the 'former lord'—is his dignity not below the present lord? Having left office, he is no longer a loyal subject in full; one says 'former' to mark the change. A different weight applies—not pure filial piety—hence 'his' when already in view, designated by the text 'his father'; that is a difference in name. This too is unsound doctrine. On what grounds? "His" and "former" differ in meaning; their uses are also distinct. "Former" marks what replaces the new; "his" is a word that follows from the other—how can they be classed together? As the Rites say, "His father split firewood; his son cannot bear the load. The Commentary says, "Though Wei is small, its lord is there. If "his father" carries a special sense, does "its lord" as well? That cannot be so.
47
今炫敢違禮乖令，侮聖幹法，使出後之子，無情於本生，名義之分，有虧於風俗，徇飾非於明世，強媒蘖於《禮經》，雖欲揚己露才，不覺言之傷理。
Now Xuan dares defy rites and resist the law, insult the sages and impugn statute, so that adopted sons feel nothing for their birth kin—the bond of name and righteousness is harmed in custom; he panders to error in an enlightened age and forcibly slanders the Book of Rites; though he would exalt himself and display talent, he does not see that his words violate reason.
48
事奏，竟從子翊之議。
When the case was reported, the court in the end adopted Ziyi's view.
49
曆新豐令、大理正，並有能名。 擢授書侍御史。 每朝廷疑議，子翊為之辯析，多出眾人意表。 從幸江東。 屬天下大亂，帝猶不悟。 子翊因侍切諫，由是忤旨，令子翊為丹陽留守。
He served as magistrate of Xinfeng and senior corrector at the Court of Judicial Review, winning a reputation for ability in both posts. He was promoted to supervising secretary in the Secretariat. Whenever the court faced doubtful cases, Ziyi argued them through, often exceeding what others had foreseen. He accompanied the emperor on the Jiangdong tour. The realm was falling into chaos, yet the emperor still would not see it. Ziyi remonstrated sharply in attendance; thereby he offended the throne and was made regent of Danyang.
50
尋遣於上江督運，為賊吳棋子所虜。 子翊說之，因以眾降。 復遣首領賊渡江，遇煬帝被殺，知而告之。 子翊弗信，斬所言者。 賊又請以為主，不從。 因執至臨川城下，使告城中云「帝崩」。 子翊乃易其言，於是見害。
Soon he was sent to oversee transport on the upper Yangtze and was captured by the bandit Wu Qizi. Ziyi persuaded him, and the whole band surrendered. He again sent bandit leaders across the river; they learned Emperor Yang had been killed and reported it. Ziyi refused to believe it and executed the messengers. The bandits again asked to make him their chief; he would not agree. They then took him to the foot of Linchuan's walls and made him tell the city, "The emperor is dead." Ziyi altered the message; thereupon he was killed.
51
堯君素，魏郡湯陰人也。 煬帝為晉王時，君素為左右。 帝嗣位，累遷鷹揚郎將。 大業末，從驍衛大將軍屈突通拒義師於河東。 俄而通引兵南遁，置君素領河東通守。 義師遣將呂紹宗、韋義節等攻之不克。 及通軍敗，至城下呼之。 君素見通，歔欷流涕，悲不自勝，左右皆哽咽。 通亦泣下沾襟，因說君素早降以取富貴。 君素以名義責之曰：「公縱不能遠慚主上，公所乘馬，即代王所賜也，公何面目乘之哉！」 通曰：「籲！ 君素！ 我力屈而來。」 君素曰：「方今力猶未屈，何用多言！」 通慚而退。 時圍甚急，行李斷絕。 君素乃為木鵝，置表於頸，具論事勢，浮之黃河，沿流而下。 河陽守者得之，達於東都。 越王侗見而歎息，乃承制拜君素為金紫光祿大夫，密遣行人勞之。 監門直閣龐玉、武衛將軍皇甫無逸前後自東都歸義，俱造城下，為陳利害。 朝廷又賜金券，待以不死。 君素卒無降心。 其妻又至城下，謂曰：「隋室已亡，何苦取禍？」 君素曰：「天下事非婦人所知。」 引弓射之，應弦而倒。 君素亦知事必不濟，每言及隋國，未嘗不歔欷。 常謂將士曰：「吾是籓邸舊臣，至於大義，不得不死。 今谷支數年，食盡，足知天下之事。 必隋室傾敗，天命有歸，吾當斷頭以付諸君。」 後頗得江都傾覆消息，又糧盡，男女相食，眾心離駭。 白虹降於府門，兵器之端，夜皆光見。 月餘，君素為左右所害。
Yao Junsu was a native of Tangyin in Wei Commandery. When Emperor Yang was Prince of Jin, Junsu served in his personal entourage. After the emperor took the throne, Junsu rose repeatedly to Eagle-Flying Commandant. At the end of the Daye era he followed Valiant Guard Commander-in-Chief Qu Tuotong in holding Hedong against the righteous army. Before long Tuotong fled south with his army and left Junsu as defender of Hedong communications. The righteous army sent generals Lü Shaozong, Wei Yijie, and others against him but could not take the city. When Tuotong's army was beaten, he came to the walls and called out to him. Junsu saw Tuotong and sobbed until grief overwhelmed him; all at his side choked with tears. Tuotong wept until his collar was soaked and urged Junsu to surrender early and win rank and riches. Junsu rebuked him on righteousness and honor: "Even if you cannot long feel shame before the sovereign, the horse you ride is the very one the Prince of Dai gave you—what face have you to mount it! Tuotong said, "Alas! Junsu! I came because my strength gave out. Junsu said, "Our strength is not yet spent—why say more!" Tuotong withdrew, ashamed. The siege was fierce and supplies were cut off. Junsu then made wooden geese, tied a report at the neck describing the situation, and floated them down the Yellow River. The garrison at Heyang recovered one and it reached the Eastern Capital. Prince of Yue Tong read it and sighed; he then issued an order in the emperor's name appointing Junsu Grand Bearer of the Golden Purple and secretly sent envoys to encourage him. Gate custodian attendant-director Pang Yu and martial guard general Huangfu Wuyi, coming one after another from the Eastern Capital to submit, both went to the walls to argue gain and loss. The court again granted a pardon tally, promising he would not be put to death. Junsu in the end would not surrender. His wife also came to the walls and said, "The house of Sui is already gone—why court disaster by holding out? Junsu said, "Affairs of the realm are not for women to judge." He drew his bow and shot her; she fell as the string sounded. Junsu also knew the cause was lost; whenever he spoke of the Sui state he could not keep from weeping. He often told his officers, "I am an old retainer of the princely house; on great righteousness I cannot but die. Our grain has held out for years; now it is gone—enough to know how the realm stands. The house of Sui must fall; Heaven's mandate has its lord; I will give you my severed head. Later word came that Jiangdu had fallen; grain ran out; men and women ate one another; morale collapsed in terror. A white rainbow descended on the prefectural gate; weapon points gleamed by night. After more than a month Junsu was killed by his own men.
52
陳孝意、張季珣、杜松贇，並以誠節顯。
Chen Xiaoyi, Zhang Jixun, and Du Songyun were all famed for steadfast loyalty.
53
孝意，河東人。 大業初，為魯郡司法書佐，郡內號為廉平。 太守蘇威嘗欲殺一囚，孝意固諫，不許。 孝意因解衣先受死。 良久，威意乃解，謝而遣之，漸加禮敬。 及威為納言，奏孝意為侍御史。 後以父憂去職，居喪過禮，有白鹿馴擾其廬，時人以為孝感。 尋起授雁門郡丞。 在郡菜食齋居，朝夕哀臨，每一發聲，未嘗不絕倒。 柴毀骨立，見者哀之。 時長吏多贓汙，孝意清節彌厲。 發奸摘伏，動若有神，吏人稱之。
Xiaoyi was a native of Hedong. Early in Daye he served as judicial clerk of Lu Commandery; the commandery called him upright and fair. Governor Su Wei once wished to execute a prisoner; Xiaoyi firmly remonstrated and would not allow it. Xiaoyi thereupon stripped his robe to accept execution first. After a long while Wei relented, apologized, and released him, and gradually treated him with greater respect. When Wei became Counselor-in-Chief he recommended Xiaoyi as supervising censor. Later he left office for his father's mourning; his observance exceeded the rites; a white deer came tamely to his hut, and people took it as filial response from Heaven. He was soon recalled and appointed assistant governor of Yanmen Commandery. In the commandery he ate plain food and lived in seclusion, mourning morning and evening at the coffin; each time he cried out he would collapse insensible. Grief wasted him to the bone; all who saw him were moved to pity. Senior officials were mostly corrupt; Xiaoyi's integrity grew ever sterner. In exposing crime and uncovering hidden guilt he seemed spirit-aided; clerks and people praised him.
54
煬帝幸江都，馬邑劉武周殺太守王仁恭作亂，前郡丞楊長仁、雁門令王鹈隺等謀應賊。 孝意知之，族滅其家，郡中戰慄。 俄而武周來攻，孝意拒之，每致克捷。 但孤城無援，而孝意誓以必死。 亦知帝必不反，每旦夕向詔敕庫俯伏涕流，悲動左右。 糧盡，為校尉張世倫所殺，以城歸武周。
When Emperor Yang went to Jiangdu, at Mayi Liu Wuzhou killed Governor Wang Rengong and rebelled; former assistant governor Yang Changren, Yanmen magistrate Wang Ehu, and others plotted to side with the rebels. Xiaoyi learned of it and wiped out their families; the whole commandery trembled. Before long Wuzhou attacked; Xiaoyi resisted and won repeated victories. But the isolated city had no relief, and Xiaoyi vowed to die. He also knew the emperor would never return; each dawn and dusk he prostrated himself before the edict archive weeping, moving all around him. When grain ran out, commandant Zhang Shilun killed him and surrendered the city to Wuzhou.
55
張季珣，京兆人。 父祥，少為隋文帝所知，引為丞相參軍，累遷并州司馬。 及漢王諒反，遣其將劉建攻之，縱火燒其郭下。 祥見百姓驚駭，其城西有王母廟，登城望之，再拜號泣曰：「百姓何罪，致此焚燒？ 神其有靈，可降雨相救。」 言訖，廟上雲起，雨降而火遂滅。 士卒感其至誠，莫不用命。 援軍至，賊退。 以功授開府。 後卒于都水監。
Zhang Jixun was a native of Jingzhao. His father Xiang, known in youth to Emperor Wen, was brought in as staff officer to the chancellor and rose to military governor of Bingzhou. When Prince of Han Yang Liang rebelled, he sent his general Liu Jian to attack; they set fires below the outer wall. Xiang saw the people in terror; west of the city stood the Queen Mother shrine; he climbed the wall, gazed toward it, bowed twice, and cried aloud, "What crime have the people committed to suffer this burning? If the spirit has power, send rain to save them. As he finished, clouds rose above the shrine; rain fell and the fire went out. The soldiers were moved by his utmost sincerity; none failed to give their all. Relief arrived and the rebels withdrew. For his merit he was appointed Defender of the State. He later died in office as Director of Waterways.
56
季珣少慷慨，有志節。 大業末，為鷹揚郎將。 所居據箕山為固，與洛口接。 及李密陷倉城，遣兵呼之。 季珣大罵。 密怒，攻之，連年不能克。 經三年，資用盡，無薪，徹屋而爨，人皆穴處。 季珣撫之，一無離叛。 後士卒饑羸，為密所陷。 季珣坐査事，顏色自若，密遣兵禽送之。 群賊曳令拜密。 季珣曰：「吾雖敗軍將，猶是天子爪牙臣，何容拜賊！」 密壯而釋之。 翟讓從求金不得，殺之。
Jixun in youth was ardent and high-minded. At the end of Daye he served as Eagle-Flying Commandant. He made his base on Mount Ji, which linked him to Luokou. When Li Mi captured Cangcheng, he sent troops to summon him. Jixun answered with a torrent of curses. Li Mi flew into a rage and attacked, yet for years he could not overcome the place. Three years on, stores were spent, firewood gone; they stripped houses for fuel and everyone dwelt in dug-out shelters. Jixun steadied them, and not a man deserted. In time his troops, starved and enfeebled, fell to Li Mi. Jixun sat as if at his desk on routine business, his face unaltered; Li Mi sent men to seize him and bring him in. The rebel throng hauled him forward and forced him to bow to Li Mi. Jixun said, "I may be a beaten general, yet I am still a fang-and-claw servant of the Son of Heaven—how could I bow to rebels!" Li Mi was impressed and let him go. Zhai Rang came demanding gold; when Jixun refused, he killed him.
57
其弟仲琰，為上洛令。 及義兵起，城守，部下殺之以歸義。
His younger brother Zhongyan was magistrate of Shangluo. When the loyalist armies rose, he held the city until his own men slew him to surrender to the cause.
58
仲琰弟幼琮，為千牛左右。 宇文化及亂，遇害。 季珣世忠烈，兄弟俱死國難，論者賢之。
Zhongyan's younger brother Youcong served in the Thousand-Ox Guard. He perished in Yuwen Huaji's coup. The Zhang house had been loyal for generations; the brothers all died in the nation's ruin, and commentators pronounced them worthy.
59
杜松贇，北海人也。 性剛烈，重名義。 為石門府隊正。 大業末，楊厚來攻北海縣，松贇覘賊被執。 使謂城中，云「郡兵已破，宜早歸降」，松贇偽許之。 既至城下，大呼曰：「我邂逅被執，非力屈也。 官軍大來，賊旦暮禽翦。」 賊以刀築其口，引之去。 松贇罵厚曰：「老賊何敢辱賢良！」 言未卒，賊斷其腰。 城中望之，莫不流涕扼腕，銳氣益倍，北海卒完。 優贈朝請大夫、本郡通守。
Du Songyun was a native of Beihai. Fierce by nature, he set great store by honor and duty. He served as squad leader of Shimen Prefecture. Late in the Daye reign, Yang Hou attacked Beihai County; while scouting the rebels, Songyun was captured. They made him call to the city that the prefectural army was routed and surrender was due; Songyun pretended to comply. At the wall he cried out, "I was taken by mischance, not because I yielded! The imperial host is on the march—the rebels will be rounded up and destroyed any day now." The rebels silenced him with a blade at his mouth and dragged him off. Songyun cursed Yang Hou: "You old rebel—how dare you shame a man of worth!" His words were not out before the rebels cut him in two at the waist. Watching from the walls, none could hold back tears or clenched fists; their ardor doubled, and Beihai held firm to the end. The court posthumously enfeoffed him as Gentleman Attendant at Court and overseer of his home commandery.
60
郭世俊，字弘乂，太原文水人也。 家門雍睦，七世同居，犬豕同乳，鳥鵲同巢，時人以為義感之應。 州縣上其事，隋文帝遣平昌公宇文幹詣其家勞問。 尚書侍御史柳彧巡省河北，表其門閭。 漢王諒為并州總管，聞而嘉歎，賜其兄弟二十餘人衣各一襲。
Guo Shijun, styled Hongyi, came from Wenshui in Taiyuan. His clan lived in harmony—seven generations under one roof; dogs and pigs suckled together, birds and magpies nested as one; contemporaries saw it as heaven's answer to their virtue. Local officials reported it, and Emperor Wen sent Duke of Pingchang Yuwen Gan to visit the household with imperial praise. Secretariat Attendant Censor Liu Yu, on circuit in Hebei, petitioned to honor their gate. Prince of Han Yang Liang, governor-general of Bingzhou, heard and marveled, and gave each of the more than twenty brothers a full suit of robes.
61
郎方貴，淮南人也。 少有志尚，與從父弟雙貴同居。 隋開皇中，方貴常于淮水津所寄渡，舟人怒之，撾方貴臂折。 至家，雙貴問知之，恚恨，遂向津，毆殺船人。 津者執送之。 縣以方貴為首，當死，雙貴從坐，當流。 兄弟爭為首坐，縣司不能斷，送詣州。 兄弟各引死，州不能定。 二人爭欲赴水死。 州以狀聞。 上聞，異之，特原其罪，表其門閭，賜物百段。 後為州主簿。
Lang Fanggui was a native of Huainan. From youth he was high-minded and lived with his cousin Shuanggui. In Kaihuang, Fanggui often crossed the Huai at the ferry; a boatman, furious, beat him and broke his arm. Home again, Shuanggui learned what had happened, seethed with rage, went to the ferry, and killed the boatman. Ferry officials arrested him and turned him over. The county ruled Fanggui the principal offender, punishable by death, and Shuanggui an accomplice, punishable by exile. Each brother insisted he was the principal offender; the county could not decide and referred the case to the prefecture. Each claimed the capital charge, and the prefecture could not settle it. Both strove to throw themselves into the river and die. The prefecture reported the matter to the throne. The emperor heard and was moved; he specially pardoned them, honored their gate, and granted a hundred lengths of goods. He later served as chief clerk of the prefecture.
62
論曰：於什門等或臨危不撓，視死如歸； 或赴險如夷，唯義有所在。 其大則光國隆家，其小則損己利物。 故其盛烈所著，與河海而爭流； 峻節所標，共竹柏而俱茂。 並蹈履之所致，身沒名立，豈徒然也！
Commentary: Men such as Yu Shimen, facing peril, did not bend; some looked on death as a homecoming; others walked into danger as if on level ground—each moved only where duty called. At their grandest they brightened the realm and raised their houses; at their humblest they harmed themselves to help others. Their blazing deeds, set down in record, race the rivers and seas in their rush; the stern integrity they marked stands evergreen with bamboo and pine. All this came of walking the path: bodies fell, names rose—and surely not in vain!