1
袁紹字本初，汝南汝陽人，司徒湯之孫。 父成，五官中郎將，[一]* (紹) *壯健好交結，大將軍梁冀以下莫不善之。
Yuan Shao, styled Benchu, came from Ruyang in Runan and was the grandson of Minister of Education Yuan Tang. His father, Yuan Cheng, held the post of General of the Household Gentlemen of All Five Offices,[note 1] (The preceding passage refers to Yuan Shao.) Strong and robust, he cultivated friendships widely; everyone from Grand General Liang Ji on down held him in esteem.
2
注[一]袁山松《書》曰：「紹，司空逢之孽子，出後伯父成。」 魏書亦同。 《英雄記》：「成字文開，與梁冀結好，言無不從。 京師諺曰：『事不諧，問文開。』」
Annotation Yuan Shansong's work records: "Yuan Shao was Minister of Works Yuan Feng's illegitimate son and was adopted as heir by his uncle Yuan Cheng. The Wei Book gives the same account. The Records of Heroes relates: "Yuan Cheng, styled Wenkai, was on intimate terms with Liang Ji, and Liang never refused a request he made. The capital had a saying: "When things turn sour, ask Wenkai."'"
3
紹少為郎，除濮陽長，遭母憂去官。 三年禮竟，追感幼孤，又行父服。 [一]服闋，徙居洛陽。 紹有姿貌威容，愛士養名。 [二]既累世台司，賓客所歸，加傾心折節，莫不爭赴其庭，士無貴賤，與之抗禮，輜軿柴轂，填接街陌。 [三]內官皆惡之。 中常侍趙忠言於省內曰：「袁本初坐作聲價，好養死士，不知此兒終欲何作。」 叔父太傅隗聞而呼紹，以忠言責之，紹終不改。
While young Yuan Shao served as a gentleman cadet, was appointed magistrate of Puyang, and left office to observe mourning for his mother. After completing the three years of ritual mourning, moved by the memory of having been orphaned while still a child, he went into mourning again for his father. When mourning ended, he relocated to Luoyang. Yuan Shao cut an imposing figure with striking looks; he favored learned men and carefully nurtured his public name. With generations of high ministers behind him, clients gathered from every quarter; he poured genuine respect into winning men over, and guests high and low crowded his courtyard until fancy carriages and plain carts alike clogged the lanes. The inner-palace eunuchs detested him. Regular Palace Attendant Zhao Zhong remarked inside the palace: "Yuan Benchu trades on his reputation and keeps desperate men in his pay—who knows what he is plotting? His uncle, Grand Tutor Yuan Wei, heard of it and called Yuan Shao in, rebuking him with Zhao Zhong's accusation; Yuan Shao paid no heed.
4
注[一]《英雄記》曰，凡在頤廬六年。
Annotation According to the Records of Heroes, he remained in the mourning hut for six years in all.
5
注[二]《英雄記》曰：「紹不妄通賓客，非海內知名不得相見。 又好遊俠，與張孟卓、何伯求、吳子卿、許子遠皆為奔走之友。」
Annotation The Records of Heroes says: "Yuan Shao did not receive guests casually; unless someone was famous throughout the empire he would not meet him. He also loved the roaming-knight life and counted Zhang Mengzhuo, He Boqiu, Wu Ziqing, and Xu Ziyuan among his sworn companions."
6
注[三]說文曰：「軿車，衣車也。」 鄭玄注《周禮》曰：「軿猶屏也，取其自蔽隱。」 柴轂，賤者之車。
Comment [note 3] Shuowen states: "The ping carriage is a curtained carriage." Zheng Xuan's gloss on the Rites of Zhou explains ping as "screen," taking its sense from concealment. Plain carts with chai-wood hubs belonged to common folk.
7
後辟大將軍何進掾，為侍御史、虎賁中郎將。 中平五年，初置西園八校尉，以紹為佐軍校尉。 [一]
He was later recruited as an aide to Grand General He Jin and rose to attendant censor and general of the imperial tiger guards. In Zhongping 5 (188), when the eight colonels of the Western Garden were first instituted, Yuan Shao was named assistant-army colonel. Annotation marker 1.
8
注[一]樂資《山陽公載記》曰：「小黃門蹇碩為上軍校尉，虎賁中郎將袁紹為中軍校尉，屯騎校尉鮑鴻為下軍校尉，議郎曹操為典軍校尉，趙融為助軍左校尉，馮芳為助軍右校尉，諫議大夫夏牟為左校尉，淳於瓊為右校尉：凡八人，謂之西園軍，皆統於碩。」 此云「佐軍」，與彼文不同。
Annotation Le Zi's Chronicle of the Duke of Shanyang records: "Junior Attendant Jian Shuo served as senior-army colonel; Yuan Shao of the tiger guards as central-army colonel; Bao Hong of the garrison cavalry as junior-army colonel; Cao Cao as colonel of military affairs; Zhao Rong as assistant-army left colonel; Feng Fang as assistant-army right colonel; Xia Mou as left colonel; Chunyu Qiong as right colonel—eight officers altogether, known as the Western Garden forces, all answering to Jian Shuo. This passage's title "assistant-army colonel" does not match that account.
9
靈帝崩，紹勸何進征董卓等觿軍，脅太后誅諸宦官，轉紹司隸校尉。 語已見何進傳。 及卓將兵至，騎都尉太山鮑信說紹曰：[一]「董卓擁制強兵，將有異志，今不早圖，必為所制。 及其新至疲勞，襲之可禽也。」 紹畏卓，不敢發。 頃之，卓議欲廢立，謂紹曰：「天下之主，宜得賢明，每念靈帝，令人憤毒。 [二]董侯似可，今當立之。」 紹曰：「今上富於春秋，未有不善宣於天下。 若公違禮任情，廢嫡立庶，恐觿議未安。」 卓案□叱紹曰：「豎子敢然！ 天下之事，豈不在我？ 我欲為之，誰敢不從！」 紹詭對曰：「此國之大事，請出與太傅議之。」 卓復言「劉氏種不足復遺」。 紹勃然曰：「天下健者，豈惟董公！」 橫刀長揖徑出。 [三]懸節於上東門，[四]而奔冀州。
After Emperor Ling's death Yuan Shao urged He Jin to call in Dong Zhuo and other forces to pressure the empress dowager into wiping out the palace eunuchs; He Jin thereupon appointed Yuan Shao metropolitan commandant. The episode is told in He Jin's biography. When Dong Zhuo marched in, Colonel of Garrison Cavalry Bao Xin of Taishan warned Yuan Shao: "Dong Zhuo holds a veteran army and means to pursue his own ends; delay him now and he will master you. His troops are newly arrived and exhausted—strike now and you can take him." Yuan Shao quailed before Dong Zhuo and held back. Soon Dong Zhuo began plotting to depose the emperor and raise another; he told Yuan Shao: "The Son of Heaven must be worthy and wise; each time I recall Emperor Ling I boil with rage. The Marquis of Dong looks fit—we shall enthrone him. Yuan Shao replied: "The reigning emperor is still young; no fault of his has been broadcast across the empire. If you cast aside precedent for caprice—ousting the heir for a younger son—you will not quiet opinion across the realm." Dong Zhuo hammered the table [lacuna] and roared at Yuan Shao: "Impudent wretch—how dare you! Do not the affairs of the empire rest with me? What I choose to do—who would dare disobey?" Yuan Shao temporized: "This is weighty business for the dynasty—let us withdraw and consult the Grand Tutor. Dong Zhuo added that "the house of Liu is not worth keeping alive. Yuan Shao shot back: "Do you imagine bold men exist only in camp Dong? He gripped his sword, bowed with arms folded, and walked out. He hung his official seal-cord at Upper East Gate, then fled toward Ji Province.
10
注[一]魏書曰：「信，太山* (陽) *平*[陽]*人也。 少有大節，寬厚愛人，沉毅有謀。 說紹不從，乃引軍還鄉里。」
Annotation The Wei Book records: "Bao Xin came from Taishan (Pingyang) of Pingyang. Even as a youth he showed heroic resolve—open-handed, thoughtful, deliberate in counsel. When Yuan Shao rejected his advice he withdrew his forces to his home commandery."
11
注[二]毒，恨也。
Annotation Here du ("poison") carries the sense of hatred.
12
注[三]《英雄記》曰：「紹揖卓去，坐中驚愕。 卓新至，見紹大家，故不敢害。」
Annotation The Records of Heroes relates: "When Yuan Shao bowed and walked out, the assembly sat dumbstruck. Dong Zhuo had only recently arrived and regarded Yuan Shao as too powerful a house to touch."
13
注[四]洛陽城東面北頭門也。 山陽公載記曰：「卓以袁紹□節，改第一葆為赤旄。」
Annotation That was the northern gate on Luoyang's eastern wall. The Chronicle of the Duke of Shanyang adds: "Dong Zhuo seized Yuan Shao's credentials [lacuna] and replaced the lead honor guard's pennant with crimson banners."
14
董卓購募求紹。 時侍中周珌、城門校尉伍瓊為卓所信待，瓊等陰為紹說卓曰：「夫廢立大事，非常人所及。 袁紹不達大體，恐懼出奔，非有它志。 今急購之，埶必為變。 袁氏樹恩四世，門生故吏□於天下，若收豪傑以聚徒觿，英雄因之而起，則山東非公之有也。 不如赦之，拜一郡守，紹喜於免罪，必無患矣。」 卓以為然，乃遣授紹勃海太守，封邟鄉侯。 [一]紹猶稱兼司隸。
Dong Zhuo put a price on Yuan Shao's head. Palace Attendant Zhou Bi and Colonel of the City Gates Wu Qiong were then in Dong Zhuo's confidence; Wu Qiong quietly pleaded Yuan Shao's case: "Deposing an emperor is no common undertaking. Yuan Shao simply misread the moment and bolted in panic—he bears you no special ill will. Hound him now and you will force an explosion. Four generations of Yuans have woven patronage across the empire; students and old retainers are everywhere. Rally their followers and champions will spring up—you will lose everything east of the passes. Better grant him amnesty and offer a commandery governorship; relieved of guilt he will stay quiet." Dong Zhuo agreed and appointed Yuan Shao administrator of Bohai and marquis of Hanxiang district. Yuan Shao continued to call himself metropolitan commandant as well.
15
注[一]《前書》穎川有周承休侯國，元帝置。 元始二年更名邟，音口浪反。
Annotation The Former Han History notes a Zhou Chengxiu marquisate in Yingchuan, founded under Emperor Yuan. In Yuanshi 2 (2 CE) it was renamed Hang (reading kou-lang).
16
注[一]馥字文節，穎川人也。
Annotation Han Fu, styled Wenjie, came from Yingchuan.
17
注[二]《英雄記》曰，孔伷字公緒，陳留人也。 王匡字公節，泰山人也。 袁遺字伯業，紹從弟術字公路，汝南汝陽人也。 橋瑁字符瑋，橋玄族子，先為兗州刺史，甚有威惠。 《魏氏春秋》雲劉岱惡而殺之。
Annotation The Records of Heroes states Kong Zhou, styled Gongxu, was from Chenliu. Wang Kuang, styled Gongjie, hailed from Taishan. Yuan Yi, styled Boye, was Yuan Shao's cousin; Yuan Shu, styled Gonglu, came from Ruyang in Runan. Qiao Mao, styled Yuanwei, was a kinsman of Qiao Xuan and had served as inspector of Yan Province with a reputation for firm fairness. The Wei's Spring and Autumn adds that Liu Dai hated him and put him to death.
18
董卓聞紹起山東，乃誅紹叔父隗，及宗族在京師者，盡滅之。 [一]卓乃遣大鴻臚韓融、少府陰循、執金吾胡母班、將作大匠吳循、越騎校尉王纓譬解紹等諸軍。 紹使王匡殺班、纓、吳循等，[二]袁術亦執殺陰循，惟韓融以名德免。
Learning that Yuan Shao had mobilized east of the mountains, Dong Zhuo slaughtered Yuan Wei—Yuan Shao's uncle—and every kinsman left in the capital. Dong Zhuo dispatched Grand Herald Han Rong, Privy Treasurer Yin Xun, Bearer of the Golden Staff Humu Ban, Chief Commissioner for Palace Buildings Wu Xun, and Colonel of Elite Cavalry Wang Ying to negotiate with Yuan Shao's coalition. Yuan Shao ordered Wang Kuang to kill Humu Ban, Wang Ying, and Wu Xun; Yuan Shu likewise seized and executed Yin Xun—only Han Rong was spared for his reputation.
19
注[一]獻帝春秋曰：「太傅袁隗，太僕袁基，術之母兄，卓使司隸宣璠* (尺) **[盡]*口收之，母及姊妹嬰孩以上五十餘人下獄死。」 卓別傳曰：「悉埋青城門外東都門內，而加書焉。 又恐有盜取者，復以屍送郿藏之。」
Annotation The Annals of Emperor Xian notes: "Grand Tutor Yuan Wei and Privy Treasurer Yuan Ji—Yuan Shu's full brother—were arrested when Dong Zhuo ordered Metropolitan Commandant Xuan Fan (chi) agents seized the entire household—mothers, sisters, even infants; over fifty people were jailed and killed." An alternate biography of Dong Zhuo adds: "They were buried outside Qingcheng Gate inside Dongdu Gate with notices fixed on the graves. Fearing looters, he later moved the bodies to Mei for hiding."
20
注[二]海內先賢傳曰：「韓融字符長，穎川人。」 楚國先賢傳曰：「陰循字符基，南陽新野人也。」 漢末名士錄曰； 「胡母班字季友，泰山人，名在八廚。」 謝承《書》曰：「班，王匡之妹夫。 匡受紹旨，收班系獄，欲殺以徇軍。 班與匡書，略曰：『足下拘僕於獄，欲以釁鼓，此何悖暴無道之甚者也？ 僕與董卓何親戚？ 義豈同惡？ 足下張虎狼之口，吐長蛇之毒，恚卓遷怒，何其酷哉！ 死者人之所難，然恥為狂夫所害。 若亡者有靈，當訴足下於皇天。 夫婚姻者禍福之幾，今日著矣。 曩為一體，今為血讎，亡人二女，則君之甥，身沒之後，慎勿令臨僕屍骸。』 匡得書，抱班二子哭，班遂死於獄。」
Annotation The Record of Worthies Within the Seas records: "Han Rong, styled Bozhang, came from Yingchuan. The Record of Worthies of Chu relates: "Yin Xun, styled Yuanji, was from Xinye in Nanyang. The Register of Notables of Later Han continues; "Humu Ban, styled Jiyou, from Taishan, counted among the Eight Kitchens. Xie Cheng's history adds: "Humu Ban was Wang Kuang's brother-in-law. Acting on Yuan Shao's orders Wang Kuang jailed Humu Ban and meant to execute him as an example to the troops. Humu Ban wrote Wang Kuang a letter in part reading: "You have thrown me in chains to daub the drums with my blood—could anything be more vicious or unjust? What tie of kin do I bear to Dong Zhuo? By what moral duty would I abet his crimes? You bare tiger and wolf jaws and spit serpent poison—angry at Dong Zhuo you vent it on me; how vicious! Death is hard for any man, yet I would hate to perish at a fool's whim. If the shades endure, they will call you to account before Heaven. Marriage decides weal or woe—today proves it. We were kin; now we are sworn foes. My late lord left two daughters—your nieces—when I am gone forbid them to approach my remains. Wang Kuang read the letter and wept, clutching Humu Ban's sons; Humu Ban died in jail nonetheless."
21
是時豪傑既多附紹，且感其家禍，人思為報，州郡蜂起，莫不以袁氏為名。 韓馥見人情歸紹，忌* (方) **[其]*得觿，恐將圖己，常遣從事守紹門，不聽發兵。
Bold men had flocked to Yuan Shao and burned to avenge his slaughtered kin; commanderies rose everywhere beneath the Yuan banner. Han Fu saw hearts swinging toward Yuan Shao and grew jealous (Fang) of Yuan Shao's rising power; fearing Yuan Shao might move against him he stationed clerks at Yuan Shao's gate and refused him permission to raise troops.
22
橋瑁乃詐作三公移書，傳驛州郡，說董卓罪惡，天子危逼，企望義兵，以釋國難。 馥於是方聽紹舉兵。 乃謀於觿曰：「助袁氏乎？ 助董氏乎？」 治中劉惠勃然曰：「興兵為國，安問袁、董？」 [一]馥意猶深疑於紹，每貶節軍糧，欲使離散。
Qiao Mao forged a memorial in the Three Excellencies' names and sent it down the post-roads: Dong Zhuo's offenses, the emperor's danger, an appeal for righteous troops to save the state. Only then did Han Fu allow Yuan Shao to mobilize. He took counsel with his staff: "Should we side with the Yuans? Or do we side with Dong Zhuo?" Vice Administrator Liu Hui snapped: "We march for the dynasty—why weigh Yuan against Dong? Han Fu still deeply distrusted Yuan Shao; he repeatedly cut the coalition's grain issues, trying to starve the army apart.
23
注[一]《英雄記》曰：「劉子惠，中山人。 兗州刺史劉岱與其書，道『卓無道，天下所共攻，死在旦暮，不足為憂。 但卓死之後，當復回師討文節。 擁強兵，何凶逆，寧可得置』。 封書與馥，馥得此大懼，歸咎子惠，欲斬之。 別駕從事耿武等排合伏子惠上，願並見斬，得不死，作徒，被赭衣，埽除宮門外。」
Annotation The Records of Heroes records: "Liu Zihui came from Zhongshan. Yan inspector Liu Dai wrote: "Dong Zhuo is brutal; the empire has turned on him—he will fall within days; do not waste anxiety on him. Once Dong Zhuo falls you will still have to wheel the host about and deal with Han Wenjie. He keeps a powerful force—how could such treason be tolerated?"' The letter was forwarded to Han Fu, who took fright, blamed Liu Zihui, and meant to put him to death. Recorder Geng Wu and others threw themselves on Liu Zihui, offering to die with him; he was spared but sentenced as a laborer in crimson garb, sweeping outside the palace gates."
24
明年，馥將曲義反畔，馥與戰失利。 紹既恨馥，乃與義相結。 紹客逢紀謂紹曰：[一]「夫舉大事，非據一州，無以自立。 今冀部強實，而韓馥庸才，可密要公孫瓚將兵南下，馥聞必駭懼。 並遣辯士為陳禍福，馥迫於倉卒，必可因據其位。」 紹然之，益親紀，即以書與瓚。 瓚遂引兵而至，外托*[討]*董卓，而陰謀襲馥。
The following year Han Fu's officer Qu Yi turned on him; Han Fu engaged him and lost. Yuan Shao, who already hated Han Fu, joined forces with Qu Yi. Yuan Shao's adviser Feng Ji warned him: "A great enterprise needs a territorial base; without one you cannot survive. Ji Province is strong and full of grain, yet Han Fu is a mediocrity. Secretly invite Gongsun Zan to march south—Han Fu will panic at the news. Send persuasive speakers to spell out the stakes; caught off guard, Han Fu can be maneuvered out of office." Yuan Shao agreed, trusted Feng Ji the more, and wrote immediately to Gongsun Zan. Gongsun Zan marched south under cover of campaigning against Dong Zhuo while secretly aiming at Han Fu.
25
紹乃使外甥陳留高干及穎川荀諶等[二]說馥曰：「公孫瓚乘勝來南，而諸郡應之。 袁車騎引軍東向，其意未可量也。 竊為將軍危之。」 馥懼，曰：「然則為之柰何？」
Yuan Shao sent his nephew Gao Gan of Chenliu and Xun Chen of Yingchuan to tell Han Fu: "Gongsun Zan is sweeping south in triumph and the districts are flocking to him. General of Chariots and Cavalry Yuan Shao is shifting east—his designs are anyone's guess. I fear for your safety, General." Han Fu grew alarmed. "What should I do?"
26
諶曰：「君自料寬仁容觿，為天下所附，孰與袁氏？」 馥曰：「不如也。」 「臨危吐決，智勇邁於人，又孰與袁氏？」 馥曰：「不如也。」 「世布恩德，天下家受其惠，又孰與袁氏？」 馥曰：「不如也。」 諶曰：「勃海雖郡，其實州也。 [三]今將軍資三不如之埶，久處其上，袁氏一時之傑，必不為將軍下也。 且公孫提燕、代之卒，其鋒不可當。 夫冀州天下之重資，若兩軍並力，兵交城下，危亡可立而待也。 夫袁氏將軍之舊，且為同盟。 當今之計，莫若舉冀州以讓袁氏，必厚德將軍，公孫瓚不能復與之爭矣。 是將軍有讓賢之名，而身安於太山也。 願勿有疑。」 馥素性恇怯，因然其計。 馥長史耿武、別駕閔純、騎都尉沮授聞而諫曰：[四]「冀州雖鄙，帶甲百萬，谷支十年。 袁紹孤客窮軍，仰我鼻息，譬如嬰兒在股掌之上，絕其哺乳，立可餓殺。
Xun Chen asked: "Between you and the Yuans, whom would the realm trust for generosity and forbearance?" I cannot compare with them." In crisis, whose nerve and resolve outrank the Yuans?" Again I fall short." For generations the Yuans have spread blessings—whose grace runs wider?" Still I cannot match them." Chen said: "Bohai is only a commandery, yet in substance it is a province. You sit above Yuan Shao in three respects you do not win—yet you hold the province. The Yuans are titans of the hour; they will not stay under you long. Meanwhile Gongsun Zan leads Yan and Dai veterans—an edge you cannot blunt. Ji Province is the heartland—if two hosts meet beneath your walls, ruin comes overnight. General Yuan is your former ally and partner in the league. The sound course is to hand Ji Province to the Yuans—they will owe you a vast debt, and Gongsun Zan will not contend with them for it. You win fame as the magnanimous man who stepped aside, and you keep your skin safe as houses on Mount Tai. Do not hesitate." Han Fu was timid by nature and accepted the scheme. Chief Clerk Geng Wu, Attendant Clerk Min Chun, and Colonel Ju Shou objected: "Ji Province may seem backward, but it fields a million armored men and a decade of grain. Yuan Shao is a stranded guest living off your breath—like a baby in your hand: deny him supplies and he starves.
27
柰何欲以州與之？」 馥曰； 「吾袁氏故吏，且才不如本初。 度德而讓，古人所貴，諸君獨何病焉？」 先是，馥從事趙浮、程渙將強弩萬人屯孟津，聞之，率兵馳還，請以拒紹，馥又不聽。 [五]乃避位，出居中常侍趙忠故捨，遣子送印綬以讓紹。
Why would you yield the province to him? Han Fu replied; "I served the Yuans and lack Benchu's ability. The ancients honored yielding when outmatched—why fault me alone?" Earlier Han Fu's clerks Zhao Fu and Cheng Huan had ten thousand crossbowmen at Meng Ford; hearing the news they raced back and asked to fight Yuan Shao, but Han Fu refused. He stepped down, moved into the old mansion of Eunuch Zhao Zhong, and sent his son with the seal and ribbon to surrender the province to Yuan Shao.
28
注[一]《英雄記》曰：「紀字符圖。 初，紹去董卓，與許攸及紀俱詣冀州，以紀聰達有計策，甚親信之。」 逢音龐。
Comment Records of Heroes states: "Ji's courtesy name was Yuantu. When Yuan Shao fled Dong Zhuo he traveled to Ji Province with Xu You and Feng Ji; Yuan Shao leaned heavily on Feng Ji's clever counsel." Feng is read with the pang sound.
29
注[二]《魏志》雲諶，荀彧之弟。 注[三]言土廣也。
Annotation The Wei Records identifies Xun Chen as Xun Yu's younger brother. Annotation Meaning the land is extensive.
30
注[四]獻帝傳曰：「沮授，廣平人。 少有大志，多謀略。」 《英雄記》曰：「耿武字文威。 閔純字伯典。 後袁紹至，馥從事十人棄馥去，唯恐在後，獨武、純杖刀拒，兵不能禁，紹後令田豐殺此二人。」
Annotation The Chronicle of Emperor Xian records: "Ju Shou came from Guangping. Even young he nursed large ambitions and deep plans." The Records of Heroes adds: "Geng Wu, styled Wenwei. Min Chun, styled Bodian. When Yuan Shao arrived, ten of Han Fu's clerks bolted to join him; only Geng Wu and Min Chun barred the way with blades until the soldiers forced them aside—Yuan Shao later had Tian Feng execute both."
31
注[五]《英雄記》曰：「紹在朝歌清水口，浮等從後來，船數百艘，觿萬餘人，整兵駭鼓過紹營，紹甚惡之。 浮等到，謂馥曰：『袁本初軍無斗糧，各欲離散，旬日之閒，必土崩瓦解。 明將軍但閉戶高枕，何憂何懼？』」
Annotation The Records of Heroes: "Yuan Shao was camped at Qinghe Ford on the Zhao; Zhao Fu and the others came upstream with hundreds of ships and over ten thousand men, drums thundering as they passed his camp—Yuan Shao was furious. They told Han Fu: "Yuan Benchu has no grain; his men mean to desert—in ten days he will fall apart. Close your gates and sleep easy—what is left to dread?"'"
32
紹遂領冀州牧，承製以馥為奮威將軍，而無所將御。 引沮授為別駕，因謂授曰：「今賊臣作亂，朝廷遷移。 吾歷世受寵，志竭力命，興復漢室。 然齊桓非夷吾不能成霸，句踐非范蠡無以存國。 今欲與卿戮力同心，共安社稷，將何以匡濟之乎？」 授進曰：「將軍弱冠登朝，播名海內。 值廢立之際，忠義奮發，單騎出奔，董卓懷懼，濟河而北，勃海稽服。 [一]擁一郡之卒，撮冀州之觿，[二]威陵河朔，名重天下。
Yuan Shao assumed the governorship of Ji Province, appointed Han Fu titular General Who Displays Might under interim authority, and gave him no troops. He named Ju Shou attendant clerk and said: "Rebellious ministers hold the capital and the court has fled west. My house has bowed to Han grace for generations; I mean to spend life and loyal breath on restoring the dynasty. Yet Duke Huan needed Guan Zhong to become hegemon; King Goujian needed Fan Li to survive Wu. I want your strength beside mine to steady the altars—how do we set the realm right?" Ju Shou replied: "You entered office young and your name crossed the empire. At the coup debate you fled alone in righteous fury; Dong Zhuo flinched; you crossed north and Bohai bowed. You rallied one commandery and took Ji Province's armies; your awe stretched across Hebei and your name shook the realm.
33
若舉軍東向，則黃巾可埽； 還討黑山，則張燕可滅； [三]回師北首，則公孫必禽； 震脅戎狄，則匈奴立定。 橫大河之北，合四州之地，[四]收英雄之士，擁百萬之觿，迎大駕於長安，復宗廟於洛邑，號令天下，誅討未服。 以此爭鋒，誰能御之！ 比及數年，其功不難。」 紹喜曰：「此吾心也。」 [五]即表授為奮武將軍，使監護諸將。
March the host east and you can sweep the Yellow Turbans; wheel about against Black Mountain and crush Zhang Yan; face north and Gongsun Zan will fall; overawe the border tribes and the Xiongnu submit; hold the north of the Yellow River, knit four provinces, rally heroes and a million spears, escort the emperor from Chang'an, revive the shrines at Luoyang, issue orders to the realm, and chastise every holdout— who then could stand against you? Within a few years the deed is within reach. Yuan Shao exclaimed: "That is exactly my wish. He immediately petitioned to make Ju Shou General Who Displays Might and supervisor of the commanders.
34
注[一]稽音啟。 注[二]廣雅曰：「撮，持也。」
Annotation Here ji is read qi. Annotation The Guangya glosses cuo as "to grasp.
35
注[三]黑山在今□州□縣西北。 九州春秋曰「燕本姓褚。 黃巾賊起，燕聚少年為腢盜，博陵張牛角亦起與燕合。 燕推牛角為帥，俱攻癭陶。 牛角為飛矢所中，被創且死，大會其觿，告曰：『必以燕為帥。』 牛角死，觿奉燕，故改姓張。 性剽悍，捷速過人，故軍中號曰『飛燕』。 其後人觿浸廣，常山、趙郡、中山、上黨、河內諸山谷皆相通，號曰『黑山』」也。
Annotation Black Mountain lies northwest of [lacuna] county in [lacuna] prefecture. Spring and Autumn of the Nine Provinces states "Yan's original surname was Chu. When the rebels rose he rallied young men as outlaws; Zhang Niujiao of Boling rose too and merged with him. They made Niujiao commander and jointly besieged Yingtao. Niujiao took a stray arrow; dying, he told the ranks Yan must lead. When Niujiao died they chose Yan, who adopted the surname Zhang. He was lightning-swift and fierce, so the troops called him Flying Swallow. His bands spread through the ranges of Changshan, Zhao, Zhongshan, Shangdang, and Henei, linking camps called Black Mountain."
36
注[四]四州見下。
Annotation The four provinces are treated further on.
37
注[五]《左傳》秦伯曰：「是吾心也。」
Annotation As the Zuo Tradition has Duke Mu of Qin say: "That matches my mind.
38
魏郡審配，鉅鹿田豐，[一]並以正直不得志於韓馥。 紹乃以豐為別駕，配為治中，甚見器任。 馥自懷猜懼，辭紹索去，[二]往依張邈。 後紹遣使詣邈，有所計議，因共耳語。 馥時在坐，謂見圖謀，無何，如廁自殺。 [三]
Shen Pei of Wei and Tian Feng of Julu—both principled men whom Han Fu had sidelined. Yuan Shao named Tian Feng attendant clerk and Shen Pei vice administrator and relied on them heavily. Han Fu grew paranoid, asked leave of Yuan Shao, and fled to Zhang Miao. Later Yuan Shao sent an agent to Zhang Miao and spoke with him in whispers. Han Fu was at the table and imagined a plot against him; he slipped to the latrine and cut his throat. Annotation marker 3.
39
注[一]先賢行狀曰：「配字正南。 少忠烈慷慨，有不可犯之節。 紹領冀州，委腹心之任。 豐字符皓。 天姿纓傑，權略多奇。 紹軍之敗也，土崩奔走，徒觿略盡，軍將皆撫膝啼泣曰：『向使田豐在此，不至於是。』」
Annotation Conduct of Worthies of Antiquity: "Shen Pei, styled Zhengnan. From youth he was ardent and upright, with an unbending air. When Yuan Shao held Ji Province he gave Shen Pei his closest confidence. Tian Feng, styled Yuanhao. Heaven had endowed him with genius and uncanny plans. When Yuan Shao's host broke, his officers clutched their knees and wept: "If only Tian Feng had been here."'
40
注[二]《英雄記》曰：「紹以河內朱漢為都官從事。 漢先時為馥所不禮，內懷忿恨，且欲徼迎紹意，□發城郭兵圍守馥第，拔刃登屋，馥走上樓，收得馥大兒，搥折兩腳。 紹亦立收漢殺之。 馥猶憂怖，故報紹索去。」
Annotation The Records of Heroes: "Yuan Shao put Zhu Han of Henei in charge of capital clerks. Han had been insulted by Han Fu and burned for revenge; to please Yuan Shao he [lacuna] raised garrison troops, surrounded Han Fu's compound, and climbed the roof with blades. Han Fu fled upstairs; they seized his eldest son and shattered both legs. Yuan Shao immediately arrested Zhu Han and put him to death. Han Fu remained terrified and asked Yuan Shao's leave to withdraw."
41
注[三]《九州春秋》曰：「至退，因以書刀自殺。」
Annotation The Nine Provinces Spring and Autumn adds: "He retired and opened his veins with a scholar's knife.
42
其冬，公孫瓚大破黃巾，還屯盤河，[一]威震河北，冀州諸城無不望風響應。
That winter Gongsun Zan routed the Yellow Turbans and camped on the Pan River, terrifying Hebei; Ji Province's cities rallied to him at once.
43
紹乃自擊之。 瓚兵三萬，列為方陳，分突騎萬匹，翼軍左右，其鋒甚銳。 紹先令曲義領精兵八百，強弩千張，以為前登。 瓚輕其兵少，縱騎騰之，義兵伏楯下，一時同發，瓚軍大敗，斬其所置冀州刺史嚴綱，獲甲首千餘級。 曲義追至界橋，[二]瓚斂兵還戰，義復破之，遂到瓚營，拔其牙門，[三]余觿皆走。 紹在後十數里，聞瓚已破，發賾息馬，唯□帳下強弩數十張，大戟士百許人。 瓚散兵二千餘騎卒至，圍紹數重，射矢雨下。 田豐扶紹，使□入空垣。 紹脫兜鍪抵地，曰：「大丈夫當前□死，而反逃垣牆閒邪？」 促使諸弩競發，多傷瓚騎。
Yuan Shao marched against him in person. Gongsun Zan fielded thirty thousand men in a square with ten thousand shock cavalry on each wing—the formation looked unstoppable. Yuan Shao sent Qu Yi ahead with eight hundred veterans and a thousand heavy crossbows. Gongsun Zan scorned the tiny force and charged; Qu Yi's men rose from behind their shields and volleyed—Gongsun's line collapsed. They killed his appointed Ji inspector Yan Gang and stacked over a thousand helmets. Qu Yi chased them to Jie Bridge Gongsun rallied and lost again; Qu Yi stormed the camp and hauled down the headquarters banner The rest ran. Yuan Shao lagged miles behind; hearing Gongsun was broken he had paused to unsaddle—only [lacuna] a few dozen crossbowmen and perhaps a hundred halberdiers stayed at his side. Over two thousand stray horsemen from Gongsun's broken ranks suddenly ringed Yuan Shao and filled the sky with arrows. Tian Feng steadied Yuan Shao and hustled him [lacuna] through a breach into an abandoned courtyard. Yuan Shao flung off his helmet: "A man should die facing steel—why cower behind a wall? He ordered a mass crossbow volley that dropped rank after rank of Gongsun's cavalry.
44
觿不知是紹，頗稍引□。 會曲義來迎，騎乃散退。 三年，瓚又遣兵至龍湊挑戰，紹復擊破之。 瓚遂還幽州，不敢復出。
The riders did not know their quarry was Yuan Shao and slowly slackened the ring. Qu Yi's relief column arrived and the enemy horsemen broke off. In the third year Gongsun Zan probed Longcou again; Yuan Shao beat him once more. Gongsun Zan fled to You Province and stayed inside his borders.
45
注[一]《爾雅》有九河，鉤盤是其一也。 故河道在今德州昌平縣界，入滄州樂陵縣，今名枯盤河。
Annotation The Erya counts nine channels of the Yellow River; Goupan is one. The former bed ran through Dezhou's Changping into Cangzhou's Leling—locals now call it the dry Goupan River.
46
注[二]九州春秋曰：「還屯廣宗界橋。」 今貝州宗城縣東有古界城，此城近枯漳水，則界橋蓋當在此之側也。
Comment Spring and Autumn of the Nine Provinces states: "He returned to encamp at Guangzong Jie Bridge. Ancient Jie town east of Zongcheng in Beizhou borders the dry Zhang River—Jie Bridge likely lay there.
47
注[三]真人水鏡經曰：「凡軍始出，立牙竿必令完堅； 若有折，將軍不利。」 牙門旗竿，軍之精也。 即《周禮·司常職》云「軍旅會同置旌門」是也。
Annotation The Water Mirror manual says: "when a host first deploys, the headquarters mast must stand firm; if it splinters, the commander faces ruin." That pennant staff is the army's soul. It matches the Rites of Zhou line on raising the signal gate for hosts and leagues."
48
四年初，天子遣太僕趙岐和解關東，使各罷兵。 瓚因此以書譬紹曰：「趙太僕以周、邵之德，銜命來征，宣揚朝恩，示以和睦，曠若開雲見日，何喜如之！ 昔賈復、寇恂爭相危害，遇世祖解紛，遂同輿並出。 釁難既釋，時人美之。 自惟邊鄙，得與將軍共同斯好，此誠將軍之* (羞) **[眷]*，而瓚之願也。」 紹於是引軍南還。
Early in the fourth year the court dispatched Privy Treasurer Zhao Qi east of the mountains to broker peace and mutual demobilization. Gongsun Zan wrote Yuan Shao: "Zhao Qi carries Zhou-and-Shao virtue with an imperial brief—he spreads the court's kindness and bids us reconcile; it feels like sunlight after storm. Jia Fu and Kou Xun once tore at each other until Emperor Guangwu intervened and they rode in the same car. Men praised them once the quarrel ended. A frontier commander like me may yet share this courtesy with you—that is your (honor) generosity—and my dearest hope." Yuan Shao then withdrew his host south.
49
三月上巳，大會賓徒於薄落津。 [一]聞魏郡兵反，與黑山賊干毒等數萬人共覆鄴城，殺郡守。 [二]坐中客家在鄴者，皆憂怖失色，或起而啼泣，紹容貌自若，不改常度。 [三]賊有陶升者，自號「平漢將軍」，[四]獨反諸賊，將部觿踰西城入，閉府門，具車重，[五]載紹家及諸衣冠在州內者，身自扞□，送到斥丘。 [六]
On the spring purification day he feasted clients at Boluo Ford. Word arrived that Wei commandery had mutinied: Gan Du and tens of thousands of Black Mountain fighters had seized Ye and killed the governor. Guests whose families lived in Ye went white with panic or burst into tears; Yuan Shao's face never flickered. Among the bandits was one Tao Sheng who styled himself 'General Who Pacifies Han,' alone turned against the other bandits, led his followers over the west wall into the city, barred the administration gates, prepared carts and baggage, loaded Shao's household and every gentleman-official who was inside the province, personally defended [lacuna], and escorted them to Chiqiu. Annotation marker 6.
50
紹還，因屯斥丘，以陶升為建義中郎將。 六月，紹乃出軍，入朝歌鹿腸山蒼巖谷口，[七]討干毒。 圍攻五日，破之，斬毒及其觿萬餘級。 紹遂尋山北行，進擊諸賊左髭丈八等，皆斬之，又擊劉石、青牛角、黃龍、左校、郭大賢、李大目、於氐根等、復斬數萬級，皆屠其屯壁。 遂與黑山賊張燕及四營屠各、鴈門烏桓戰於常山。 燕精兵數萬，騎數千匹，連戰十餘日，燕兵死傷雖多，紹軍亦疲，遂各退。 曲義自恃有功，驕縱不軌，紹召殺之，而並其觿。
Yuan Shao regrouped at Chiqiu and named Tao Sheng colonel of establishment. In the sixth month he drove into the Luchang Mountain defiles above Chaoge to attack Gan Du. After five days' siege he routed the bandits, killed Gan Du, and counted ten thousand heads. He swept north through the hills, exterminated chiefs like Zuoshi Zhangba, then Liu Shi, Qing Niujiao, Huang Long, Zuo Xiao, Guo Daxian, Li Damu, Yu Shigen—tens of thousands more slain and every fort razed. He closed with Zhang Yan's Black Mountain host, the four Xiongnu camps, and Yanmen Wuhuan on Changshan. Zhang Yan mustered tens of thousands and thousands of horse; the clash ran ten days. Both sides bled white and separated. Qu Yi grew insolent on his victories; Yuan Shao summoned and executed him, absorbing his troops.
51
注[一]曆法三月建辰，己卯退除，可以拂除災也。 韓詩曰：「溱與洧，方洹洹兮。」 薛君注云：「鄭國之俗，三月上巳之辰，兩水之上招魂續魄，拂除不祥，故詩人願與所說者俱往也。」 酈元《水經注》曰：「漳水經鉅鹿故城西，謂之*[薄]*落津。」 《續漢志》癭陶縣有薄落亭。
Annotation The third lunar month belongs to the chen branch; the jimao day expels ill fortune. The Han version of the Classic says: "The Zhen and Wei run wide. Xue's gloss adds that Zheng folk on the spring festival summoned souls above two streams to cleanse evil—hence the poem's invitation." Li Daoyuan's Commentary on the Water Classic states: 'The Zhang River passes west of the old Julu city wall—this is called [Bo]luo Ford." The Later Han gazetteer lists a Boluo pavilion at Yingtao.
52
注[二]《管子》曰，齊桓公築五鹿、中牟、鄴，以御諸侯。
Annotation The Guanzi says Duke Huan fortified Wulu, Zhongmou, and Ye against rival states.
53
注[三]獻帝春秋曰：「紹勸督引滿投壺，言笑容貌自若。」
Comment Annals of Emperor Xian states: "Shao urged his officers to fill cups and cast arrows in pitch-pot; his words and laughter stayed composed.
54
注[四]《英雄記》曰：「升故為內黃小吏。」
Comment Records of Heroes states: "Sheng had formerly been a petty clerk in Neihuang.
55
注[五]重，輜重也。
Annotation Zhong here means supply wagons.
56
注[六]斥丘，縣，屬鉅鹿郡，故城在今相州成安縣東南。 《十三州志》云：「土地斥鹵，故曰斥丘。」
Annotation Chiqiu county in Julu stood southeast of today's Cheng'an in Xiangzhou. The Thirteen Provinces gazetteer explains the salty soil gave the name Chiqiu."
57
注[七]朝歌故城在今□縣西。 續漢志曰：「朝歌有鹿腸山。」
Annotation Ancient Zhaoge sits west of [lacuna] county. The Later Han gazetteer lists Luchen Mountain at Zhaoge."
58
興平二年，拜紹右將軍。 其冬，車駕為李傕等所追於曹陽，沮授說紹曰：「將軍累葉台輔，世濟忠義。 今朝廷播越，宗廟殘毀，觀諸州郡，雖外托義兵，內實相圖，未有憂存社稷恤人之意。 且今州城粗定，兵強士附，西迎大駕，即宮鄴都，挾天子而令諸侯，□士馬以討不庭，誰能御之？」 [一]紹將從其計。 穎川郭圖、淳於瓊曰：[二]「漢室陵□，為日久矣，今欲興之，不亦難乎？ 且英雄並起，各據州郡，連徒聚觿，動有萬計，所謂秦失其鹿，先得者王。 [三]今迎天子，動輒表聞，從之則權輕，違之則拒命，非計之善者也。」 授曰：「今迎朝廷，於義為得，於時為宜。 若不早定，必有先之者焉。 夫權不失幾，功不猒速，願其圖之。」 帝立既非紹意，竟不能從。
In Xingping 2 (195) Yuan Shao received the general of the right. That winter Li Jue's faction cornered the emperor at Caoyang. Ju Shou argued: "Your house has served as ministers for generations and breathes loyalty. The throne is homeless and the shrines broken; every warlord waves the banner of righteousness while scheming for himself—none truly cares for the dynasty or the people. Your bases stand firm and men flock to you. March west, escort the emperor to Ye, hold the throne and issue orders in its name, levy spears against rebels—who could resist?" Yuan Shao nearly accepted. Guo Tu and Chunyu Qiong objected: "Han has rotted for generations—reviving it now is fantasy. Champions hold their own turf and field tens of thousands—as with Qin's lost deer, the swift hand wins the realm. Welcome the emperor and every order needs memorializing—follow him and you lose leverage; ignore him and you are labeled traitor. Bad bargain. Ju Shou answered: "Taking the emperor now is both moral and expedient. Hesitate and another lord will seize him first. Fortune favors the decisive—do not drag your feet." Emperor Xian's accession had never been Yuan Shao's preference—he let the moment pass.
59
注[一]左傳，周襄王出奔於鄭，狐偃言於晉文公曰：「求諸侯莫如勤王，諸侯信之，且大義也。 繼文之業而信宣於諸侯，今為可矣。」 文公從之，納襄王，遂成霸業。
Annotation The Zuo tells how Duke Wen rescued King Xiang: "Aid the king and the states will believe you. Finish what Lord Wen began—now is the hour." Duke Wen obeyed, welcomed the king, and became hegemon.
60
注[二]《九州春秋》圖字公則。
Annotation The Nine Provinces text gives Guo Tu the style Gongze.
61
注[三]史記曰，蒯通曰：「秦失其鹿，天下共追之，高才者先得焉。」
Comment Records of the Grand Historian states Kuai Tong said: "Qin lost its deer and All Under Heaven chased it together—the highest talent seized it first.
62
紹有三子：譚字顯思，熙字顯雍，尚字顯甫。 譚長而惠，尚少而美。 紹後妻劉有寵，而偏愛尚，數稱於紹，紹亦奇其姿容，欲使傳嗣。 乃以譚繼兄後，出為青州刺史。 沮授諫曰：「世稱萬人逐兔，一人獲之，貪者悉止，分定故也。 [一]且年均以賢，德均則卜，古之制也。 [二]願上惟先代成* (則) **[敗]*之誡，下思逐兔分定之義。 若其不改，禍始此矣。」 紹曰：「吾欲令諸子各據一州，以視其能。」 於是以中子熙為幽州刺史，外甥高干為并州刺史。
Yuan Shao had three sons: Tan (Xiansi), Xi (Xianyong), and Shang (Xianfu). The eldest, Tan, was capable; the youngest, Shang, was handsome. His second wife Lady Liu favored the youngest and praised him until Yuan Shao, dazzled by the boy's looks, meant to name him successor. He adopted Tan as heir to a deceased elder brother and posted him as Qing inspector. Ju Shou warned: "They say ten thousand hunters chase one hare but only one keeps it—because ownership settles the scramble. When sons match in age, weigh merit; when virtue ties, cast milfoil—ancient rule. Consider the lesson of former ages' success (and) and failure—and remember how the hare hunt ends once shares are set. Ignore this and disaster starts now." Yuan Shao replied: "I want each son to govern a province and prove himself. Thereupon he made Xi, his second son, Inspector of Youzhou, and Gao Gan, his sister's son, Inspector of Bingzhou.
63
注[一]慎子曰：「兔走於街，百人追之，貪人具存，人莫之非者，以兔為未定分也。 積兔滿巿，過不能顧，非不欲兔也，分定之後，雖鄙不爭。」 子思子、商君書並載，其詞略同。
Annotation Shen Buhai: "A rabbit in the lane draws a mob—no blame while ownership is unsettled. Stack the market with hares and no one grabs—ownership settled even paupers cease fighting." Master Zisi and Shang Yang repeat the image almost verbatim.
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注[二]左傳曰：「王后無嫡則擇立長，年鈞以德，德鈞以卜。」
Comment Zuo Tradition states: "When the queen has no eldest son by the principal wife, establish the eldest son; when ages match weigh virtue; when virtue matches divine by oracle.
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臣聞昔有哀歎而霜隕，[一]悲哭而崩城者。 [二]每讀其書，謂為信然，於今況之，乃知妄作。 何者？ 臣出身為國，破家立事，至乃懷忠獲釁，抱信見疑，晝夜長吟，剖肝泣血，曾無崩城隕霜之應，故鄒衍、□婦何能感徹。
I have read how grief once brought frost and tears toppled walls. I believed those tales until life taught me they were myth. Why? I ruined myself for Han—loyal yet accused, trusted yet suspect—wailing night and day till blood weeps from my liver, yet heaven sends no omen. How then did Zou Yan or the widow move sky and stone?
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注[一]淮南子曰：「鄒衍事燕惠王盡忠，左右譖之，仰天而哭。 夏五月，天為降霜。」
Comment Huainanzi states: "Zou Yan served King Hui of Yan with full loyalty; slanderers hemmed him in and he wept toward heaven. In the fifth month frost fell."
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注[二]齊莊公攻莒，為五乘之賓，而□梁獨不預。 歸而不食，其母曰：「食！ 汝生而無義，死而無名，則雖非五乘，孰不汝笑？ 生而有義，死而有名，則五乘之賓盡汝下也。」 及與莒戰，梁遂廝殺二十七人而死。 妻聞而哭，城為之氿而隅為之崩。 見《說苑》。
Annotation When Duke Zhuang besieged Ju, Ju Liang missed the five-chariot honor roll. He came home fasting; his mother said, "Eat! Live without honor, die without a name—even without that chariot rank who will not mock you? Die as you lived—with honor and a name—and even five-chariot nobles will bow to your shade." At Ju he killed twenty-seven foes hand-to-hand before he fell. His widow's keening was said to crack the walls—a corner fell. The tale appears in the Shuoyuan.
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臣以負薪之資，[一]拔於陪隸之中，[二]奉職憲台，擢授戎校。 常侍張讓等滔亂天常，侵奪朝威，賊害忠德，扇動奸黨。 故大將軍何進忠國疾亂，義心赫怒，以臣頗有一介之節，可責以鷹犬之功，故授臣以督司，諮臣以方略。 臣不敢畏憚強禦，避禍求福，與進合圖，事無違異。 忠策未盡而元帥受敗，[三]太后被質，宮室焚燒，陛下聖德幼沖，親遭□困。 時進既被害，師徒喪沮，臣獨將家兵百餘人，抽戈承明，竦□翼室，[四]虎叱腢司，奮擊凶丑，曾不浹辰，罪人斯殄。 [五]此誠愚臣效命之一驗也。
Raised from mean firewood-bearing obscurity to the surveillance corps and a colonel's commission. Zhang Rang and the eunuchs corrupted Heaven's order, stole imperial prestige, slaughtered good ministers, and rallied villains. Grand General He Jin loved the realm and loathed chaos; knowing I had scrap of honor fit for dog-work he gave me the metropolitan whip and asked my counsel. I did not flinch from power nor bolt for safety—I plotted with He Jin to the end. Before the plot played out He Jin fell, the empress dowager was seized, and the palaces burned—you were still a child and tasted ruin firsthand. After He Jin died I alone led a hundred retainers to Chengming, guarded the inner chambers, stormed the eunuch bureau, and cleared the traitors inside twelve days. Proof enough that this ignorant servant once gave his life to duty.
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注[一]負薪謂賤人也。 禮記曰：「問士之子長幼，長曰能負薪矣，幼曰未能負薪。」
Annotation Firewood carriers meant common folk. The Rites ask after a scholar's boys: the elder "can carry fuel," the younger "not yet."
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注[二]陪，重也。 左傳曰：「王臣公，公臣卿，卿臣大夫，大夫臣士，士臣皁，皁臣隸，隸臣僚，僚臣僕，僕臣台。」 又曰：「是無陪台也。」 陪隸猶陪台。
Annotation Here pei means a secondary or supporting rank among subordinates. Zuo Tradition states: "The king has ministers of dukes, dukes have ministers of nobles, nobles have great officers, great officers have gentlemen, gentlemen have bailiffs, bailiffs have underlings, underlings have servitors, servitors have menials, menials have runts." Another line: "There are no lower links." Pei-slave" equals the lowest chamber.
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注[三]元帥謂何進。
Annotation The fallen commander is He Jin.
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注[四]山陽公載記曰：「紹與王匡等並力入端門，於承明堂上格殺中常侍高望等二人。」 尚書曰：「延入翼室。」 孔安國註：「翼，明也。 室謂路寢。」
Annotation The Duke of Shanyang chronicle: "Yuan Shao and Wang Kuang burst through Duan Gate and killed Gao Wang and two others on Chengming Hall. The Documents say: "Bring him to the wing chamber. Kong Anguo glosses yi as "bright. The gloss identifies the hall as the sovereign's main residential suite."
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注[五]浹，□也。 左傳曰：「浹辰之閒。」 杜預曰：「十二日也。」
Annotation Jia denotes a twelve-day round. The Zuo speaks of "within jia-chen. Du Yu: twelve days."
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會董卓乘虛，所圖不軌。 臣父兄親從，並當大位，[一]不憚一室之禍，苟惟寧國之義，故遂解節出奔，創謀河外。 [二]時卓方貪結外援，招悅英豪，故即臣勃海，申以軍號，[三]則臣之與卓，未有纖芥之嫌。 若使苟欲滑泥揚波，偷榮求利，[四]則進可以享竊祿位，退無門戶之患。 然臣愚所守，志無傾奪，故遂引會英雄，興師百萬，飲馬孟津，歃血漳河。 [五]會故冀州牧韓馥懷挾逆謀，欲專權埶，絕臣軍糧，不得踵系，至使猾虜肆毒，害及一門，尊卑大小，同日並戮。 鳥獸之情，猶知號呼。 [六]臣所以蕩然忘哀，貌無隱戚者，[七]誠以忠孝之節，道不兩立，顧私懷己，不能全功。 斯亦愚臣破家徇國之二驗也。
Then Dong Zhuo slipped through the gap with treason on his mind. My kin held great posts yet risked family ruin for the realm—surrendering office and fleeing east of the river to plot resistance. Zhuo still wooed allies and liked bold names—he named me to Bohai with a general's banner; Dong Zhuo and I had no private feud. Had I wanted rank for rank's sake I could have stayed and stolen salary without losing kin. Instead I clung to principle—raised a million spears, watered horses at Meng Ford, swore blood oaths on the Zhang. Han Fu schemed alone, choked my grain, and left my clan to Dong Zhuo's blade—high and low died together. Even beasts keened at kin-slaughter. That I looked dry-eyed on mourning was not cold blood—loyalty and family cannot both win when duty calls. Second proof I ruined my house for Han.
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注[一]謂叔隗為太傳，從兄基為太僕。
Annotation His uncle Yuan Wei as Grand Tutor and cousin Yuan Ji as Privy Treasurer.
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注[二]河外，河南。
Annotation "Beyond the River" here means Henan.
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注[三]即謂就拜也。 山陽公載記曰：「董卓以紹為前將軍，封邟鄉侯。 紹受侯，不受前將軍。」
Annotation Meaning the titling upon summons. The Duke of Shanyang record: "Dong Zhuo named Yuan Shao forward general and marquis of Hang district. Yuan Shao took the fief but refused the generalship."
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注[四]滑，混也。 楚詞：「滑其泥，揚其波。」
Annotation The graph hua in this gloss means to muddy or blend together. Chu Lyrics: "Muddy that mud, raise those waves."
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注[五]獻帝春秋曰：「紹合冀州十郡守相，觿數十萬，登□歃血，盟曰：『賊臣董卓，承漢室之微，負兵甲之觿，陵越帝城，跨蹈王朝，幽鴆太后，戮殺弘農，提挈幼主，越遷秦地，殘害朝臣，斬刈忠良，焚燒宮室，蒸亂宮人，發掘陵墓，虐及鬼神，過惡烝皇天，濁穢熏后土。 神祇怨恫，無所憑恃，兆人泣血，無所控告，仁賢之士，痛心疾首，義士奮發，雲興霧合，鹹欲奉辭伐罪，躬行天誅。 凡我同盟之後，畢力致命，以伐凶丑，同□王室，翼戴天子。 有渝此盟，神明是殛，俾墜其師，無克祚國！』」。
Commentary 5: The Annals of Emperor Xian says: "Yuan Shao assembled the administrators and chancellors of the ten commanderies of Jizhou, with several hundred thousand followers. They ascended the altar, smeared blood on their lips, and swore: 'The rebel minister Dong Zhuo, taking advantage of the weakness of the Han house and relying on his masses in arms, violated the imperial city, trampled over the royal court, imprisoned and poisoned the Empress Dowager, slaughtered the Prince of Hongnong, seized the young lord, moved him west to Qin territory, harmed court ministers, cut down the loyal and good, burned the palace buildings, threw the palace women into disorder, opened and dug up the imperial tombs, and his cruelty reached ghosts and spirits Gods and men groan; the people weep blood; loyal hearts itch to strike. We swear to spend our lives crushing Dong Zhuo and upholding the throne. Break this oath and spirits will dash your host and end your line!"
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注[六]禮記曰：「凡生天地之閒者，有血氣之屬必有知，有知之屬莫不知愛其類。 今是* (夫) **[大]*鳥獸則失喪其腢匹，越月踰時焉，則必反巡過其故鄉，翔回焉，鳴號焉，蹢躅焉，踟木焉，然後乃能去之。 小者至於燕爵，猶有啁縱之頃焉，然後乃能去之。」
Comment Book of Rites states: "All born between Heaven and Earth among blood-and-breath creatures possess awareness—among creatures with awareness none fails to love its kind. Even (even) great beasts mourn mates—months later they circle old dens, cry, and cling to fallen trees before leaving. Small birds too twitter awhile—how much more men?"
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注[七]隱，憂也。
Annotation Here yin carries the sense of concealed grief or inward sorrow.
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又黃巾十萬焚燒青、兗、黑山、張楊蹈藉冀城。 臣乃旋師，奉辭伐畔。 金鼓未震，狡敵知亡，故韓馥懷懼，謝咎歸土，張楊、黑山同時乞降。 臣時輒承製，竊比竇融，以議郎曹操權領兗州牧。 [一]會公孫瓚師旅南馳，陸掠北境，臣即星駕席捲，與瓚交鋒。 假天之威，每戰輒克。 臣備公族子弟，生長京輦，頗聞俎豆，不習干戈；
Then a hundred thousand Turbans torched Qing and Yan while Zhang Yang and Black Mountain stamped Ji. I turned the host and marched under imperial warrant against traitors. Before the drums rolled Han Fu caved; Zhang Yang and Black Mountain sued for peace. Acting as Dou Rong did, I named Cao Cao acting governor of Yan. When Gongsun Zan swept south I raced to meet him. Heaven lent force—I won every clash. I am a capital-bred cadet—trained at altar, not war;
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加自乃祖先臣以來，世作輔弼，鹹以文德盡忠，得免罪戾。 臣非與瓚角戎馬之埶，爭戰陣之功者也。 誠以賊臣不誅，春秋所貶，[二]苟云利國，專之不疑。 [三]故冒踐霜雪，不憚劬勤，實庶一捷之福，以立終身之功。 社稷未定，臣誠恥之。
my forebears served civil offices and kept clean hands. I am no champion seeking martial glory. The Spring and Autumn condemns ministers who spare regicides—when the altars need saving one acts. I marched through ice because one blow could secure lasting peace. While the dynasty trembles I hang my head.
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太僕趙岐銜命來征，宣明陛下含弘之施，蠲除細故，與下更新，奉詔之日，引師南轅。 [四]是臣畏怖天威，不敢怠慢之三驗也。
When Zhao Qi brought your edict of mercy I spun the wagons south. Third proof I obeyed heaven's warning.
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注[一]竇融行西河五郡大將軍事，以梁統為武威太守。
Annotation Dou Rong governed five western commanderies and named Liang Tong to Wuwei.
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注[二]公羊傳曰：「趙盾弒其君夷戲。 弒者趙穿也。 曷為加之趙盾？ 不討賊也。 趙盾曰：『天乎！ 予無辜。』 史曰：『爾為仁為義，人弒爾君，而復國不討賊，非弒如何？』」
Annotation The Gongyang: "Zhao Dun assassinated Duke Ling. Zhao Chuan held the blade. Why blame Dun? For not punishing the killer. Dun cried, 'O Heaven! I am innocent!' The scribe answered: "You styled yourself loyal yet let your lord die—what else is regicide?"'"
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注[三]左傳曰：「苟利社稷，專之可也。」
Annotation The Zuo: "when the state gains, act alone.
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注[四]左傳曰：「令尹南轅反旆。」 杜預曰：「回軍南向。」
Comment Zuo Tradition states: "The commander of Yin turned chariot pole south and reversed pennants. Du Yu: wheel south."
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又臣所上將校，率皆清英宿德，令名顯達，登鋒履刃，死者過半，勤恪之功，不見書列。 而州郡牧守，競盜聲名，懷持二端，優遊顧望，皆列土錫圭，跨州連郡，是以遠近狐疑，議論紛錯者也。 臣聞守文之世，德高者位尊； 倉卒之時，功多者賞厚。 陛下播越非所，洛邑乏祀，海內傷心，志士憤惋。 是以忠臣肝腦塗地，肌膚橫分而無悔心者，義之所感故也。 今賞加無勞，以攜有德； [一]杜黜忠功，以疑觿望。 斯豈腹心之遠圖？ 將乃讒慝之邪說使之然也？ 臣爵為通侯，位二千石。 殊恩厚德，臣既叨之，豈敢窺覬重禮，以希彤弓玈矢之命哉？ [二]誠傷偏裨列校，勤不見紀，盡忠為國，□成重愆。 斯蒙恬所以悲號於邊獄，[三]白起歔欷於杜郵也。 [四]太傅日磾位為師保，任配東征，而耗亂王命，[五]寵任非所，凡所舉用，皆觿所捐□。 而容納其策，以為謀主，令臣骨肉兄弟，還為讎敵，交鋒接刃，構難滋甚。 臣雖欲釋甲投戈，事不得已。 誠恐陛下日月之明，有所不照，四聰之聽有所不聞，乞下臣章，咨之腢賢，使三槐九棘，議臣罪戾。 [六]若以臣今行權為釁，則桓、文當有誅絕之刑； [七]若以觿不討賊為賢，則趙盾可無書弒之貶矣。
The officers I nominated were veterans—half fell—yet their merit goes unrecorded. Meanwhile governors steal titles, hedge bets, and pocket whole provinces—no wonder the realm is confused. In peaceful times virtue wins rank; in crisis merit earns reward. You wander homeless; Luoyang's altars are cold—the empire grieves and loyal men rage. That is why men spill blood gladly—righteousness moves them. Yet you enrich idlers and alienate worthies; you demote loyal workers and unsettle every expectation. Is that policy from the heart? Or does slander steer the throne? I hold full marquis rank at two thousand piculs. You have heaped honor on me—I hardly hunger for crimson bow and black bolts. I mourn aides whose zeal goes unwritten—loyal men blamed instead. Like Meng Tian howling at the wall or Bai Qi choking at Duyou. Grand Tutor Jinmidi—guardian of the heir—botched the eastern campaign and promoted men everyone despises. He took their counsel and set brother against brother—steel on steel, hatred deeper. I long to disarm but circumstances forbid. I fear your eyes miss corners—please publish this plea and let the high court judge my crimes. If interim power is a crime, Duke Huan and Wen should have died for it; if armies that spare killers are virtuous, strike Dun's name from the regicide column.
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臣雖小人，志守一介。 若使得申明本心，不愧先帝，則伏首歐刀，褰衣就鑊，臣之願也。 惟陛下垂尸鳩之平，[八]絕邪諂之論，無令愚臣結恨三泉。 [九]
I am small but single-minded. If I can clear my heart before the late emperors I will kneel to the axe or climb into the cauldron gladly. Only grant the justice of the osprey—silence slander—lest I die nursing hate below the yellow springs. Annotation marker 9.
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注[一]攜，離也。
Annotation Xie here means to separate or alienate.
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注[二]左氏傳曰：「王命尹氏策晉文公為侯伯，賜之大路之服，戎路之服，彤弓一，彤矢百，玈弓十，玈矢千。」
Comment Zuo Tradition states: "The king ordered Minister Yin to enfeoff Duke Wen of Jin as hegemon, granting him great chariot livery, war chariot livery, one red bow, a hundred red arrows, ten black bows, a thousand black arrows.
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注[三]史記曰，胡亥遣使者殺蒙恬，恬不肯死，使者即以屬吏，繫於陽周。 恬喟然太息曰：「恬罪當死矣。 起臨洮屬之遼東，城萬餘裡。 此其中不能無絕地樁，此乃恬之罪也！」 遂吞藥自殺。
Annotation As Sima Qian tells it, the Second Emperor ordered Meng Tian seized at Yangzhou. Meng Tian sighed: "My guilt merits death. I joined Lintao to Liaodong with ten thousand li of wall. Somewhere that line must break ground—that is my crime!" He swallowed poison and died.
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注[四]史記曰，秦王免白起為士伍，遷之陰密。 白起既行，出咸陽西門十里，至杜郵，秦王乃使使者賜之□，自裁。
Annotation The Records say Qin stripped Bai Qi of rank and banished him toward Yinmi in the west. Ten miles west of Xianyang at Duyou the king sent the sword that ended Bai Qi.
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注[五]三輔決錄注曰：「馬日磾字翁叔，馬融之族子。 少傳融業，以才學進，歷位九卿，遂登台輔。」 獻帝春秋曰：「日磾假節東征，循撫州郡。 術在壽春，不肅王命，侮慢日磾，借節觀之，因奪不還，從術求去，而術不遣，既以失節屈辱，憂恚而死。」
Comment Notes to Records of the Three Capital Regions states: "Ma Midi styled Wengshu; collateral descendant of Ma Rong. He studied under Ma Rong, climbed through talent to the Nine Ministers and the highest benches." The Annals of Emperor Xian: "Ma Midi credentialled an eastern tour to soothe the commanderies. Yuan Shu at Shouchun mocked him, borrowed his seal and refused to return it; Ma Midi died of shame."
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注[六]周官曰：「三槐，三公* (匹) **[位]*焉。 左九棘，孤卿大夫位焉。 右九棘，公侯伯子男位焉。」 鄭玄注曰：「槐之言懷也，言懷來人於此欲與謀也。 樹棘以為位者，取其赤心而外刺，像以赤心有刺也。」
Comment Offices of Zhou states: "The three locust trees—the three dukes (counsel) take counsel beneath them. Nine jujubes on the left mark ministers and grandees. Nine jujubes on the right mark the nobility." Zheng Xuan: "the pagoda tree suggests gathering counselors. Jujube stands for ministers—red heart, outward barbs."
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注[七]齊桓、晉文時，周室弱，諸侯不朝，桓、文權行征伐，率諸侯以朝天子。
Annotation When Duke Huan and Duke Wen led hegemons to Luoyang the Zhou throne was feeble.
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注[八]尸鳩，鴶鵴也。 詩國風曰：「尸鳩在桑，其子七兮，叔人君子，其儀一兮。」 毛萇注曰：「尸鳩之養其子，旦從上下，暮從下上，平均如一。 言善人君子執義亦如此。」
Annotation The shijiu osprey is the cuckoo. Airs of the States states: "The osprey on the mulberry—its chicks are seven—such are worthy men—their bearing is one." Mao's gloss: "the bird feeds up and down with perfect fairness. So should good ministers rule."
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注[九]三者，數之小終，言深也。 前書曰：「下錮三泉。」
Annotation Three marks the lower bound of depth. Earlier Han History states: "Lower bronze extending three springs."
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於是以紹為太尉，封鄴侯。 [一]時曹操自為大將軍，紹恥為之下，[二]偽表辭不受。 操大懼，乃讓位於紹。 二年，使將作大匠孔融持節拜紹大將軍，錫弓矢節鉞，虎賁百人，[三]兼督冀、青、幽、並四州，然後受之。
The court named Yuan Shao grand commandant and marquis of Ye. Cao Cao had taken grand general; Yuan Shao refused the post rather than stand below him. Cao Cao panicked and offered him precedence. Next year Kong Rong invested him grand marshal with full insignia and command over four provinces
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注[一]獻帝春秋曰：「使將作大匠孔融持節之鄴，拜太尉紹為大將軍，改封鄴侯。」
Comment Annals of Emperor Xian states: "They sent Chief Commissioner Kong Rong with credentials to Ye to invest Grand Commandant Shao as grand marshal and transfer the fief to marquis of Ye.
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注[二]大尉位在大將軍上。 初，武帝以□青征伐有功，以為大將軍，欲尊寵之，故置大司馬官號以冠之。 其後霍光、王鳳等皆然。 明帝以弟東平王蒼有賢材，以為驃騎大將軍，以王故，位公上。 和帝以舅竇憲征匈奴，還遷大將軍，在公上，以勳戚者不拘常例焉。
Annotation Grand commandant still outranked grand marshal on paper. Emperor Wu invented the grand marshal title to honor Wei Qing's wars. Huo Guang and Wang Feng held it the same way. Emperor Ming raised his brother's cavalry command above the three dukes. Emperor He lifted Dou Xian above the dukes after the northern campaign.
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注[三]禮含文嘉曰：「九錫一曰車馬，二曰衣服，三曰樂器，四曰朱戶，五曰納陛，六曰虎賁之士百人，七曰斧鉞，八曰弓矢，九曰秬鬯。」 春秋元命苞曰「賜虎賁得專征伐，賜斧鉞得誅」也。
Comment Apocryphal Rites Harmonizing Patterns states: "The nine grants: first chariots and horses, second robes, third musical instruments, fourth vermilion doors, fifth palace stairs, sixth a hundred tiger guards, seventh axe and halberd, eighth bow and arrows, ninth dark ale. Spring and Autumn Primordial Mandate Wrapper states "Grant tiger guards to gain sole expedition authority; grant axe and halberd to gain execution authority."
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紹每得詔書，患有不便於己，乃欲移天子自近，使說操以許下埤[一]濕，洛陽殘破，宜徙都甄城，[二]以就全實。 操拒之。 田豐說紹曰：「徙都之計，既不克從，宜早圖許，奉迎天子，動托詔令，響號海內，此筭之上者。 不爾，終為人所禽，雖悔無益也。」 紹不從。 四年春，擊公孫瓚，遂定幽土，事在 〈瓚傳〉。
Yuan Shao disliked edicts from Xu and urged Cao to move the court to dryer Zhen to escape the Xu miasma. Cao Cao refused. Tian Feng said: "If you cannot move the throne, seize Xu and hold the emperor—best strategy. Delay and someone else cages you—too late for regret." Yuan Shao ignored him. In the fourth spring he destroyed Gongsun Zan and annexed Youzhou—the full story is told in 〈the biography of Gongsun Zan〉
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注[一]埤亦下也。 音婢。 注[二]甄音絹。
Annotation Pi means low-lying ground. Read like bi. Annotation Zhen city rhymes with juan.
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紹既並四州之地，觿數十萬，而驕心轉盛，貢御稀簡。 主簿耿包密白紹曰：「赤德衰盡，袁為黃胤，宜順天意，[一]以從民心。」 紹以包白事示軍府僚屬，議者以包妖妄宜誅。 紹知觿情未同，不得已乃殺包以弭其多。 於是簡精兵十萬，騎萬匹，欲出攻許，以審配、逢紀統軍事，田豐、荀諶及南陽許攸為謀主，顏良、文丑為將帥。 沮授進說曰：「近討公孫，師出歷年，百姓疲敝，倉庫無積，賦役方殷，此國之深憂也。 宜先遣使獻捷天子，務農逸人。 若不得通，乃表曹操隔我王路，然後進屯黎陽，漸營河南，益作舟船，繕修器械，分遣精騎，抄其邊鄙，令彼不得安，我取其逸。 如此可坐定也。」 郭圖、審配曰：「兵書之法，十圍五攻，敵則能戰。 [二]今以明公之神武，連河朔之強觿，以伐曹操，* (兵) **[其]*埶譬若覆手。 [三]今不時取，後難圖也。」 授曰：「蓋救亂誅暴，謂之義兵； 恃觿憑強，謂之驕兵。 義者無敵，驕者先滅。 [四]曹操奉迎天子，建宮許都。 今舉師南向，於義則違。 且廟勝之策，不在強弱。 [五]曹操法令既行，士卒精練，非公孫瓚坐受圍者也。 今□萬安之術，而興無名之師，[六]竊為公懼之。」 圖等曰：「武王伐紂，不為不義； 況兵加曹操，而雲無名！ 且公師徒精勇，將士思奮，而不及時早定大業，所謂『天與不取，反受其咎』。 [七]此越之所以霸，吳之所以滅也。 監軍之計，在於* (將軍) **[持牢]*，而非見時知幾之變也。」 紹納圖言。
Four provinces and hundreds of thousands fed Yuan Shao's pride; gifts to Xu dried up. Registrar Geng Bao secretly reported to Shao: "Red virtue is exhausted—Yuan is yellow heir—you ought follow Heaven's intent, and obey popular mind. Yuan Shao aired the memo; his officers called Geng Bao a crank. Seeing no support he executed Geng Bao to quiet the rumor. He raised one hundred thousand foot and ten thousand horse for an expedition against Xu: Shen Pei and Feng Ji directed operations; Tian Feng, Xun Chen, and Xu You advised; Yan Liang and Wen Chou led the van. Ju Shou argued: "Years against Gongsun emptied barns and people—another march courts collapse. Send victory memorials, let fields recover. If the court refuses, cite Cao's obstruction, camp at Liyang, raid his borders, let him tire while you rest. Victory without a pitched battle." Guo Tu and Shen Pei cited Sunzi: "ten-to-one besiege, five-to-one assault. Your aura plus Hebei hosts against Cao— (the) the odds flip like a palm. Strike now or regret forever. Ju Shou answered: "Troops that punish tyrants are righteous; troops that boast strength are arrogant. Righteous armies lose to none; proud hosts die first. Cao holds the emperor at Xu—lawful seat. March south and you break legitimacy. Altar victories hinge on planning, not numbers. Cao's law runs deep—his men are veterans, not Gongsun Zan waiting to be bottled. You abandon safe counsel for a war without cause—I tremble for you. Guo Tu answered: "King Wu attacked Zhou—was that unjust? Strike Cao Cao—how is that nameless? Your army thirsts for battle—ignore Heaven's gift and Heaven punishes. That was Yue's rise and Wu's fall. Your overseer clings to (static) caution—not timely adaptation." Yuan Shao sided with Guo Tu.
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圖等因是譖沮授曰：「授監統內外，威震三軍，若其浸盛，何以制之！ 夫臣與主同者*[昌，主與臣同者]*亡，此黃石之所忌也。 [八]且御觿於外，不宜知內。」 [九]紹乃分授所統為三都督，使授及郭圖、淳於瓊各典一軍，未及行。
Tu and others therefore slandered Ju Shou: "Shou oversees inner and outer—awe shakes three armies—if his influence grows ever greater—how shall we control him! Yellow Stone forbids counselor and throne from becoming duplicates. Field commanders should not run court intrigue. Yuan Shao split Ju Shou's authority among Ju Shou, Guo Tu, and Chunyu Qiong—three coequal commands—before the army moved.
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注[一]獻帝春秋曰：「袁，舜後。 黃應代赤，故包有此言。」
Comment Annals of Emperor Xian states: "Yuan descends from Shun. Yellow replaces Han red—hence Geng Bao's prophecy."
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注[二]十倍則圍之，五倍則攻之。
Annotation Ten-to-one surround; five-to-one assault.
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注[三]《前書》陸賈謂南越王曰：「越殺王降漢，如反覆手耳。」
Comment Earlier Han History states Lu Jia told the king of Southern Yue: "Yue killing its king and surrendering to Han is like overturning the hand.
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注[四]《前書》魏相上書曰：「救亂誅暴，謂之義兵。 兵義者王。 敵加於己，不得已而起者，謂之應兵。 兵應者勝。 爭恨小故，不勝憤怒者，謂之忿兵。 兵忿者敗。 利人土地貨寶者，謂之貪兵。 兵貪者破。 恃國家之大，矜人庶之觿，欲見威於敵者，謂之驕兵。 兵驕者滅。 此非但人事，乃天道也。」
Comment Earlier Han History states Wei Xiang memorialized: "Armies that rescue chaos and punish cruelty are called righteous hosts. Righteous armies win kingship. Responsive armies answer attack. They conquer. Wrathful hosts burst from petty rage. They lose. Greedy hosts seize soil. They break. Arrogant hosts swagger on size. They perish. These are Heaven's categories as much as man's."
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注[五]淮南子曰：「運籌於廟堂之中，決勝乎千里之外。」
Annotation The Huainanzi: "victory is laid out in council before the sword moves.
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注[六]前書曰，新城三老說高祖曰：「順德者昌，逆德者亡。 兵出無名，事故不成。」 音義曰：「有名，伐有罪也。」
Annotation The three elders of Xincheng warned Gaozu: "follow virtue or fall. Armies without a just name never succeed." Gloss: "named" means punishing crime.
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注[七]史記范蠡謂句踐曰：「天與不取，反受其咎。」
Comment Records of the Grand Historian states Fan Li told Goujian: "Heaven grants—if you take not—you receive blame instead.
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注[八]臣與主同者，權在於主也。 主與臣同者，權在臣也。 黃石者，即張良於下邳圯上所得者，三略也。 圯音以之反。
Annotation When counselor and ruler align, power stays royal. When ruler echoes minister, power slips courtward. Yellow Stone is Zhang Liang's Three Strategies from the bridge at Xiapi. Read yi with the yi reversal.
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注[九]淮南子曰：「國不可從外理，軍不可從中御。」
Annotation Huainanzi: "no civil meddling in camp orders.
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五年，左將軍劉備殺徐州刺史車冑，據沛以背曹操。 操懼，乃自將征備。 田豐說紹曰：「與公爭天下者，曹操也。 操今東擊劉備，兵連未可卒解，今舉軍而襲其後，可一往而定。 兵以幾動，斯其時也。」 紹辭以子疾，未得行。 豐舉杖擊地曰：「嗟乎，事去矣！ 夫遭難遇之幾，而以嬰兒病失其會，惜哉！」 紹聞而怒之，從此遂疏焉。
In the fifth year Liu Bei killed Che Zhou and held Pei against Cao Cao. Cao Cao marched east in person. Tian Feng said: "Your rival for the realm is Cao Cao. Cao is pinned against Liu Bei—strike his rear now and end him. War waits on the moment—this is yours." Yuan Shao begged off—a sick child. Tian Feng hammered the ground: "The chance is gone! To miss fate for a child's fever—what waste!" Yuan Shao raged and sidelined him.
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曹操畏紹過河，乃急擊備，遂破之。 備奔紹，紹於是進軍攻許。 田豐以既失前幾，不宜便行，諫紹曰：「曹操既破劉備，則許下非復空虛。 且操善用兵，變化無方，觿雖少，未可輕也。 今不如久持之。 將軍據山河之固，擁四州之觿，外結英雄，內修農戰，然後簡其精銳，分為奇兵，[一]乘虛迭出，以擾河南，救右則擊其左，救左則擊其右，使敵疲於奔命，人不得安業，我未勞而彼已困，不及三年，可坐克也。 今釋廟勝之策而決成敗於一戰，若不如志，悔無及也。」 紹不從。 豐強諫忤紹，紹以為沮觿，遂械系之。 乃先宣檄曰：
Fearing Yuan Shao's crossing, Cao rushed Liu Bei and broke him. Liu Bei fled to Yuan Shao, who then marched on Xu. Tian Feng said the moment had passed: "after beating Liu Bei Cao holds a full Xu. Cao is cunning and bold—never underestimate his smaller force. Better wear him down over time. Hold the northern hills, league allies, drill farms and spears, then raid Henan with flying columns—pin Cao whirling Abandon patient strategy for one roll—fail and regret nothing." Yuan Shao refused. Tian Feng pressed hard; Yuan Shao jailed him for defeatism. He then issued a proclamation:
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注[一]孫子兵法曰：「凡戰者以正合，以奇勝也。」 注云：「正者當敵，奇者擊其不備。」
Annotation Sunzi: "hold the line with the main body, win with odd strikes. Gloss: "front meets front; raiders hit blind spots."
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蓋聞明主圖危以制變，忠臣慮難以立權。 曩者強秦弱主，趙高執柄，專制朝命，威福由己，終有望夷之禍，污辱至今。 [一]及臻呂後，祿、產專政，□斷萬機，決事禁省，下陵上替，海內寒心。 於是絳侯、朱虛興威奮怒，誅夷逆暴，尊立太宗，故能道化興隆，光明融顯。 此則大臣立權之明表也。 [二]
Wise rulers steer through danger; loyal ministers seize crisis to set policy. When Qin Ershi bowed to Zhao Gao, Wangyi blood stained history Under Lu Hou the Lu clan ran the court until Zhou Bo purged them. Zhou Bo and Liu Zhang slew the Lus and enthroned Wen—Han revived. Thus ministers seized power to save the dynasty. Annotation marker 2.
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注[一]始皇崩，胡亥立，趙高為丞相。 胡亥夢白虎嚙其左驂馬，殺之，心不樂。 問占夢，卜涇水為崇，胡亥乃齋望夷宮。 趙高令其豻閻樂逼胡亥使自殺。 張華云：「望夷之宮在長陵西北長平觀，東臨涇水，作之以望北夷。」 事見史記。
Annotation Shi Huang died; Hu Hai named Zhao Gao chancellor. Ershi dreamed a tiger savaged his trace horse. Soothsayers blamed the Jing; Ershi moved rites to Wangyi. Zhao Gao sent Yan Le to corner Ershi into suicide. Zhang Hua states: "Wangyi palace northwest of Changling at Changping Watch—east borders Jing River—built to gaze on northern barbarians." See Sima Qian.
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注[二]呂後專制，以兄子祿為趙王、上將軍，產為梁王、相國，各領南北軍。 呂後崩，欲為亂，絳侯周勃、朱虛侯劉章等共誅之，立文帝，廟稱太宗。 左傳閔子馬曰：「下陵上替，能無亂乎？」
Annotation Lu Hou gave her nephews the northern and southern guards. When she died Zhou Bo and Liu Zhang slew the Lus and raised Emperor Wen. The Zuo asks: "when base overtakes apex, can order hold?"
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司空曹操祖父騰，故中常侍，與左悺、徐璜並作妖□，饕餮放橫，傷化虐人。 [一]父嵩，乞□攜養，[二]因臧買位，輿金輦寶，輸貨權門，竊盜鼎司，傾覆重器。
Cao Teng ran with Zuo Guan and Xu Huang—corrupt eunuchs who ravaged the realm. Cao Song bought offices with gold—fathered Cao Cao through shady adoption.
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操* (奸) **[贅]*閹遺丑，本無令德，僄狡鋒俠，好亂樂禍。 [三]幕府董統鷹揚，埽夷凶逆，[四]續遇董卓侵官暴國，[五]於是提□揮鼓，發命東夏，廣羅英雄，□瑕錄用，故遂與操參咨策略，謂其鷹犬之才，爪牙可任。 至乃愚佻短慮，輕進易退，傷夷折磨，數喪師徒。 [六]幕府輒復分兵命銳，修完補輯，表行東郡太守、兗州刺史，被以虎文，[七]授以偏師，□就威柄，冀獲秦師一克之報。 [八]而遂乘資跋扈，肆行酷烈，割剝元元，殘賢害善。 [九]故九江太守邊讓，英才鑈逸，以直言正色，論不阿諂，身被梟懸之戮，妻孥受灰滅之咎。 自是士林憤痛，人怨天怒，一夫奮臂，舉州同聲，故躬破於徐方，地奪於呂布，[一０]彷徨東裔，蹈據無所。 幕府惟強幹弱枝之義，且不登畔人之黨，[一一]故復援旍擐甲，席捲赴征，金鼓響震，布觿破沮，[一二]拯其死亡之患，復其方伯之任。 是則幕府無德於兗土，而有大造於操也。 [一三]
Cao Cao, the basest by-blow of the harem—without virtue—a swaggering brawler who lived for turmoil. We cleansed the eunuchs, fought Zhuo, recruited Cao as a useful cur. Instead he blundered forward, lost battles, wasted armies We restored him as Yan governor with tiger robe and a wing of troops, hoping for Meng Ming's comeback victory. He turned brutal, skinned the people, murdered talent. He executed Bian Rang for honesty—wife and children followed. Scholars mourned Bian Rang; Cao broke at Xu, lost ground to Lu Bu, wandered east. We marched under royal mandate, routed Lu Bu, restored Cao to Yan. We owed Yan nothing yet showed Cao enormous grace. Note thirteen
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注[一]貪財為饕，貪食為餮。 悺音烏板反。
Annotation Tao is greedy wealth; tie greedy food. Read Guan as wu-ban.
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注[二]《續漢志》曰：「嵩字巨高。 靈帝時賣官，嵩以貨得拜大司農、大鴻臚，代崔烈為太尉。」 《魏志》曰：「嵩，騰養子，莫能審其生出本末。」 《曹瞞傳》及郭頒《代語》並雲嵩，夏侯氏子，惇之叔父。 魏太祖於惇為從父兄弟也。 「□」亦「乞」也。
Comment Later Han Treatise states: "Song styled Jugao. Lingdi sold posts; Cao Song bought minister and grand commandant." Wei Records: "Cao Song was Cao Teng's adopted son—parentage unclear." Legend names him Xiahou blood—uncle to Xiahou Dun. Cao Cao and Dun were cousins. "[lacuna]" also means "beg."
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注[三]方言曰：「僄，輕也。」 魏志曰：「操少機警有權數，而任俠放蕩，不修行業。」 鋒俠言如其鋒之利也。 僄音方妙反。 或作「剽」，劫財物也，音同。
Comment Fangyan states: "Piao means light. Wei Records: "clever youth, roaming knight, little discipline." Blade-roaming means sharp troublemaking. Read piao fang-miao. Sometimes written "piao"—rob wealth goods—sound same.
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注[四]謂紹誅諸閹人，無少長皆斬之。 注[五]左傳：「侵官冒也。」
Annotation Yuan Shao slaughtered every eunuch. Annotation Zuo: "overstepping roles courts ruin.
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注[六]字書曰：「佻，輕也。」 魏志曰：「操引兵西，將據成□，到滎陽汴水，遇卓將徐榮，戰不利，士卒死傷多，操為流矢所中，所乘馬被創。 曹洪以馬與操，得夜遁，又為呂布所敗。」
Comment Character book states: "Tiao means light. The Wei zhi says: "Cao Cao led troops west, intending to occupy Chenggao. When he reached the Bian River at Xingyang, he encountered Xu Rong, a general of Dong Zhuo. The battle went badly; many officers and soldiers were killed or wounded. Cao Cao was hit by a stray arrow, and the horse he was riding was wounded. Cao Hong lent a horse for night flight; later Lu Bu broke him."
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注[七]續漢志曰：「虎賁將，冠鶡冠，虎文單衣。 襄邑歲獻織成虎文衣。」
Comment Later Han Treatise states: "Tiger guard general—caps hoopoe crown—tiger-pattern single robe. Xiangyi county sent woven tiger robes yearly."
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注[八]秦穆公使孟明視、西乞術、白乙丙伐鄭，晉襄公敗諸殽，執孟明等。 文嬴請而捨之，歸於秦。 穆公復用孟明伐晉，晉人不敢出，封殽屍而還。 事見左傳。
Annotation Duke Mu's generals captured at Yao. Wen Ying ransomed them home. Meng Ming's revenge left Jin hiding behind Yao bones. See the Zuo.
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注[九]太公金匱曰：「天道無親，常與善人。 今海內陸沈於殷久矣，何乃急於元元哉？」
Comment Grand Duke Metal Coffer states: "Heaven's way lacks kinship—always aids good men. Why crush commoners when Yin chaos runs deep?"
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注[一０]魏志曰：「陶謙為徐州牧，操初征之，下十餘城。 後復征謙，收五城，遂略地至東海。 還過郯，會張邈與陳宮畔迎呂布，郡縣皆應。 布西屯濮陽而操攻之，布出兵戰，操兵奔，陣亂，馳突火出，墜馬燒左手掌，司馬樓異扶操上馬，遂得引去。」
Comment Wei Records states: "Tao Qian was Xu Province shepherd—Cao first campaigned him—took more than ten cities. Later drives reached the Eastern Sea. Returning through Tan, Zhang Miao and Chen Gong raised Lu Bu—every county flipped. At Puyang Lu Bu broke Cao's line—Lou Yi pulled him from the fire."
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注[一一]強幹弱枝，解見 〈班固傳〉。 《左傳》宋大夫魚石等以宋彭城畔屬楚，經書「宋彭城」，傳曰「非宋地，追書也，且不登畔人也」。 杜預注曰：「登，成也。」
Annotation On strengthening the trunk see 〈Ban Gu's biography〉 Zuo Tradition Song great officer Yu Shi and others made Song Pengcheng rebel attach Chu—classic writes "Song Pengcheng"—tradition states "not Song territory—retroactive writing—and moreover not validating rebel persons". Du Yu: "deng means endorse."
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注[一二]左傳曰：「擐甲執兵。」 杜預注曰：「擐，貫也。」 《前書》楊雄曰：「雲徹席捲，後無餘災。」 魏志曰：「操襲定陶未拔，會布至，擊破之。 布將薛蘭、李封屯鉅野，操攻之。 布救蘭敗，布走。 布復與陳宮將萬餘人* (乘) **[來]*戰，操時兵少，設伏縱奇兵擊，大破之。 布夜走，東奔劉備。」
Annotation Zuo: "buckle armor, seize arms. Du Yu: "huan means thread on." Yang Xiong: "storms roll away clean." Wei Records: "ambushed Dingtao when Lu Bu arrived—won. Lu Bu's Xue Lan and Li Feng held Juye; Cao attacked. Lu Bu's relief failed; Lu Bu ran. Lu Bu and Chen Gong brought ten thousand men by chariot to attack. Cao Cao was outnumbered but ambushed and shattered them. Lu Bu fled at night to Liu Bei."
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注[一三]左傳使呂相絕秦曰：「秦師克還無害，則是我有大造於西也。」 杜預注曰：「造，成也。」
Comment Note thirteen Zuo Tradition-sent Lu Xiang severed Qin saying: "If Qin army conquers and returns without harm—then we have great creation toward west." Du Yu: "zao means to finish."
137
會後鑾駕東反，腢虜亂政。 時冀州方有北鄙之警，匪遑離局，[一]故使從事中郎徐勳就發遣操，使繕修郊廟，翼衛幼主。 而便放志專行，威劫省禁，卑侮王僚，敗法亂紀，坐召三台，專制朝政，[二]爵賞由心，刑戮在口，所愛光五宗，所怨滅三族，[三]腢談者受顯誅，腹議者蒙隱戮，[四]道路以目，百辟鉗口，[五]尚書記期會，公卿充員品而已。 [六]
When the court fled east, eunuchs and upstarts seized power. Ji Province faced Gongsun Zan—Yuan Shao sent Xu Xun to order Cao to repair shrines and shield the boy emperor. Cao seized the palace, awards and killings by whim, silenced the capital. Annotation marker 6.
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注[一]北鄙之儆謂公孫瓚攻紹也。 左傳曰：「局部也。」 杜預注曰：「遠其部曲為離局。」
Annotation The northern scare was Gongsun Zan. Zuo Tradition states: "Office circuit." Du Yu: "leaving your command post."
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注[二]晉書曰：「漢官尚書為中台，御史為憲台，謁者為外台，是謂三台。」
Comment Jin History states: "Han offices—secretariat director inner terrace—censor director legal terrace—court usher outer terrace—these are Three Terraces.
140
注[三]五宗謂上至高祖，下及孫。 三族謂父族、母族、妻族。
Annotation Five generations of kin. Three affines: paternal, maternal, marital.
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注[四]大農顏異與張湯有隙，人告異，湯推異與客言詔令下有不便者，異不言，微反唇。 湯遂奏，異九卿，見令不便，不入言而腹非，論死，見前書。
Annotation Yan Yi's lip curl earned Zhang Tang's fatal memorial. Zhang Tang executed Yan Yi for silent dissent—see Former Han.
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注[五]國語曰：「厲王虐，國人謗王。 邵公告王曰：『人不堪命矣。』 王怒，得衛巫，使監謗，以告則殺之。 國人莫敢言，道路以目。」 周書曰：「賢哲鉗口，小人鼓舌。」 何休注公羊傳曰：「柑，以木銜其口也。」 「鉗」或作「柑」，音渠廉反。
Comment Discourses of States states: "King Li cruel—realm people slandered king. Shao said: "The people groan under your laws. The king hired informers and executed whisperers. Men exchanged glances and held their tongues." The Zhou History: "worthies gagged, flatterers loud." He Xiu: "wooden bit on the mouth." "Qian" sometimes written "gan"—sound qu-lian fan.
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注[六]前書賈誼曰：「大臣特以簿書不報，期會之閒，以為大故。」
Comment Earlier Han History Jia Yi states: "Great ministers solely because registers books not replied—between deadlines—thought great affair.
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故太尉楊彪，歷典二司，元綱極位。 [一]操因睚□，被以非罪，篣楚並兼，五毒俱至，[二]觸情放慝，不顧憲章。 又議郎趙彥，忠諫直言，議有可納，故聖朝含聽，改容加錫。 操欲迷奪時明，杜絕言路，□收立殺，不俟報聞。 又梁孝王先帝母弟，墳陵尊顯，松□桑梓猶宜恭肅。 操率將吏士，親臨發掘，破棺裸屍，掠取金寶，至令聖朝流涕，士民傷懷。 [三]又署發丘中郎將、摸金校尉，所過毀突，無骸不露。 身處三公之官，而行桀虜之態，污國虐民，毒施人鬼。
Yang Biao served as minister twice—the apex of honor. Cao tortured Yang Biao on false charges. Zhao Yan spoke truth; the court once honored him. Cao silenced critics—seized and killed without memorial. Prince Xiao of Liang's mausoleum deserved reverence. Cao opened Liang tombs and looted gold—the court wept. He named tomb-raiding colonels—no grave safe. A minister acting like a tomb robber—poison to men and shades.
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加其細政苛慘，科防互設，矰繳充蹊，坑稨塞路，舉手掛網羅，動足蹈機埳，是以兗、豫有無聊之人，帝都有呼嗟之怨。 [四]
His laws snared everyone—Yan-Yu groaned, the capital sighed. Annotation marker 4.
146
注[一]續漢書曰：「彪代董卓為司空，又代黃琬為司徒。 時袁術僭亂，操托彪與術婚姻，誣以欲圖廢置，奏收下獄，劾以大逆。」
Comment Later Han Book states: "Biao replaced Dong Zhuo as minister of works—replaced Huang Wan as minister of education. Cao framed Yang Bao for ties to Yuan Shu."
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注[二]獻帝春秋曰：「收彪下獄考實，遂以策罷。」
Annotation Annals: "examined in jail, dismissed by edict.
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注[三]前書曰，孝文皇帝竇皇后生孝景帝、梁孝王武。
Annotation Prince Xiao was Emperor Wen's son by Empress Dou.
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注[四]管子曰：「天下無道，人在爵位者皆不自聊生。」
Annotation Guanzi: "bad times make nobles restless.
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歷觀古今書籍所載，貪殘虐烈無道之臣，於操為甚。 莫府方詰外奸，未及整訓，加意含覆，冀可彌縫。 [一]而操豺狼野心，潛包禍謀，[二]乃欲橈折棟樑，孤弱漢室，[三]除忠害善，專為梟雄。 往歲伐鼓北征，討公孫瓚，強禦桀逆，拒圍一年。 操因其未破，陰交書命，欲托助王師，以見掩襲，故引兵造河，方舟北濟。 會行人發露，瓚亦梟夷，故使鋒芒挫縮，厥圖不果。 屯據敖倉，阻河為固，[四]乃欲運螳蜋之斧，御隆車之隧。 [五]莫府奉漢威靈，折衝宇宙，長戟百萬，胡騎千腢，奮中黃、育、獲之士，[六]騁良弓勁弩之埶，[七]并州越太行，[八]青州涉濟、漯，[九]大軍泛黃河以角其前，荊州下宛、葉而掎其後。 [一０]雷震虎步，並集虜廷，若舉炎火以焚飛蓬，[一一]覆滄海而注熛炭，[一二]有何不消滅者哉？
No tyrant in the records matches Cao Cao. We were busy abroad and hoped to patch things with Cao. But Cao plots to snap Han's beam and rule as usurper. Last year we besieged Gongsun Zan a full year. Cao wrote offering help while sneaking toward Ye. When the plot leaked and Zan fell, Cao's raid stalled. He camps at Ao Granary—a mantis lifting a chariot wheel. - We bring millions from Bing, Qing, the Yellow River, and Jing to pinch him. - We will burn him like thistle in flame—what can survive?
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注[一]左傳曰：「彌縫敝邑。」 杜預注曰：「彌縫猶補合。」
Annotation Zuo: "mend the breach. Du Yu: "stitch the tear."
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注[二]左傳曰，楚司馬子良生子越椒，令尹子文曰：「必殺之。 是子也，熊虎之狀而豺狼之聲，弗殺必滅若敖氏。 諺曰『狼子野心』，是乃狼也，其可畜乎！」
Comment Zuo Tradition states—Chu Marshal Ziliang bore son Yue Jiao—Minister Yin Ziwen said: "Must kill him. The child had beast marks—he would destroy the clan. The wolf-cub proverb—cannot be kept!"
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注[三]周易「棟橈之凶，不可有以輔」也。
Comment Changes of Zhou "ridge beam bent's omen—cannot have help" too.
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注[四]獻帝春秋曰：「操引軍造河，託言助紹，實圖襲鄴，以為瓚援。 會瓚破滅，紹亦覺之，以軍退，屯於敖倉。」
Annotation Annals: "Cao crossed the river pretending to help Yuan Shao while aiming at Ye. When Zan fell, Yuan Shao saw through it and camped at Ao."
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注[五]韓詩外傳曰：「齊莊公獵，有螳蜋舉足將持其輪，問其御曰：『此何蟲？』 對曰：『此螳蜋也。 此蟲知進而不知退，不量其力而輕就敵。』 公曰：『此為天下勇士矣。』 回車避之，勇士歸焉。」 亦見淮南子。 又莊子曰：「螳蜋怒臂以當車轍，不知其不勝任也。」 隧，道也。
Comment Han Poetry Outer Commentary states: "Duke Zhuang of Qi hunted—mantis raised foot about grasp his wheel—asked his driver: 'What insect this? A mantis. It charges unwisely." A brave insect." The duke yielded the road—praising courage." Huainanzi tells it too. Zhuangzi: "mantis versus chariot." Sui is the wheel-track.
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注[六]屍子曰：「*[中]*黃伯曰：『我左執太行之獶，右執雕虎，唯象未試。』」 史記范睢說秦昭王「烏獲、任鄙之力，慶忌、夏育之勇」也。
Comment Master Shi states: "[Zhong] Huang Bo said: 'I left grasp Taihang's ape—right grasp carved tiger—only elephant not yet tried. Records Fan Sui persuading King Zhao of Qin "Wu Huo, Ren Bi's strength—Qing Ji, Xia Yu's bravery" too.'
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注[七]文子曰：「狡兔得而獵犬烹，高鳥盡而良弓臧。」 史記蘇秦說韓王曰：「天下之強弓勁弩，皆從韓出。」
Annotation Master Wen: "bow hung when birds gone. Records Su Qin persuading King of Han: "All Under Heaven strong bow stiff crossbow—all issue from Han."
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注[八]紹甥高干為并州刺史，故言越太行山而來助。
Annotation Gao Gan crosses Taihang from Bing.
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注[九]紹長子譚為青州刺史。 濟，漯，二水名，在今齊州界。 漯音他合反。
Annotation Yuan Tan marches from Qing. The Ji and Ta rivers lie in modern Shandong. Read ta as ta-he.
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注[一０]賈逵注國語曰：「從後牽曰掎。」 音居蟻反。 左傳曰「晉人角之，諸戎掎之」是也。 荊州謂劉表也。 與紹交，故雲下宛、葉。
Comment Jia Kui commentary Discourses states: "From rear drag called ji. Pronounce ji ju-yi. Zuo Tradition states "Jin men horn them—various Rong ji them" is this. Jing is Liu Biao. He allies with Yuan Shao—hence pressure from Wan and Ye.
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注[一一]楚詞曰：「離憂患而乃寤，若縱火於秋蓬。」
Annotation Chu ci: "burn thistle like sorrow.
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注[一二]黃石公三略曰：「夫以義而討不義，若決河而沉熒火，其克必也。」
Annotation Three Strategies: "righteous flood drowns evil sparks.
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當今漢道陵□，綱□網絕，操以精兵七百，圍守宮闕，外稱陪衛，內以拘質，懼篡逆之禍，因斯而作。 乃忠臣肝腦塗地之秋，烈士立功之會也。 可不勖哉！ [一]
Han's laws fail; Cao cages the emperor with seven hundred guards—usurpation follows. Time for loyal men to die and heroes to rise. Rouse yourselves! Annotation marker 1.
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注[一]據陳琳集，此檄陳琳之詞也。 魏志曰：「琳字孔璋，廣陵人，避難冀州，袁紹使典文章。 紹敗，歸太祖。 太祖謂曰：『卿昔為本初移書，但可罪狀孤而已，惡惡止其身，何乃上及父祖邪？』 琳謝罪。 太祖愛其才而不咎也。」 流俗本此下有「陳琳之辭」者，非也。
Annotation Chen Lin drafted this proclamation. Wei Records: "Chen Lin of Guangling served Yuan Shao's secretariat. After Yuan Shao's fall he joined Cao Cao. Cao asked why Chen Lin smeared his ancestors. Chen Lin apologized. Cao spared him for his talent." Bad copies duplicate "Chen Lin's words"—wrong.
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乃先遣顏良攻曹操別將劉延於白馬，[一]紹自引兵至黎陽。 沮授臨行，會其宗族，散資財以與之。 曰：「埶存則威無不加，埶亡則不保一身。 哀哉！」 其弟宗曰：「曹操士馬不敵，君何懼焉？」 授曰：「以曹兗州之明略，又挾天子以為資，我雖克伯珪，觿實疲敝，而主驕將□，軍之破敗，在此舉矣。 楊雄有言：『六國蚩蚩，為嬴弱姬。』 今之謂乎！」 [二]曹操遂救劉延，擊顏良斬之。 [三]紹乃度河，壁延津南。 [四]沮授臨船歎曰：「上盈其志，下務其功，悠悠黃河，吾其濟乎！」 遂以疾退，紹不許而意恨之，復省其所部，並屬郭圖。
Yuan Shao sent Yan Liang against Liu Yan at Baima and marched to Liyang Ju Shou called his clan and gave away his fortune. "Power shields everyone; lose it and even you fall. Alas!" Cao is weaker—why fear?" Ju Shou answered: "Cao holds the emperor and clear counsel—we beat Gongsun but pride will cost us this war. Yang Xiong wrote how six states fell to Qin. So stands our age!" Cao Cao relieved Liu Yan, killed Yan Liang. Yuan Shao crossed and camped south of Yanjin. Ju Shou on the ferry: "Heaven is rash, men greedy—can we ford this river? He pleaded illness; Yuan Shao refused, hated him, stripped his troops for Guo Tu.
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注[一]白馬，縣，屬東郡，今滑州縣也，故城在今縣東。
Annotation Baima county lay east of modern Huaxian.
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注[二]法言之文也。 嬴，秦姓也。 姬，周姓。 方言：「蚩，悖也。」 六國悖惑，侵弱周室，終為秦所並也。
Annotation From Yang Xiong's Fayun. Ying was Qin's clan name. Ji was Zhou's clan name. Fangyan: "Chi means contrary." The six states stumbled and Zhou fell to Qin.
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注[三]蜀志曰：「曹公使張遼及關羽為先鋒，羽望見良麾蓋，策馬刺良萬觿之中，斬其首還，諸將莫能當，遂解白馬圍。」
Annotation SGZ: "Guan Yu slew Yan Liang among ten thousand men.
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注[四]酈元水經注曰：「漢孝文時河決酸棗，東潰金堤，大發卒塞之，武帝作瓠子之歌，皆謂此口也。」 又東北謂之延津。 杜預注左傳：「陳留酸棗縣北有延津。」
Comment Li Daoyuan Water Classic Commentary states: "Han Emperor Wen era river burst at Suanzao—east breached metal dike—greatly drafted laborers to dam—Emperor Wu composed Gourd Child song—all speak this mouth. The stretch northeast is Yanjin. Du Yu commentary Zuo Tradition: "North of Chenliu Suanzao county lies Yanjin."
170
紹使劉備、文丑挑戰，曹操又擊破之，斬文丑。 再戰而禽二將，紹軍中大震。
Yuan Shao sent Liu Bei and Wen Chou; Cao Cao killed Wen Chou. Two fights, two headless generals—panic in Yuan Shao's host.
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操還屯官度，[一]紹進保陽武。 [二]沮授又說紹曰：「北兵雖觿，而勁果不及南軍； 南軍谷少，而資儲不如北。 南幸於急戰，北利在緩師。 宜徐持久，曠以日月。」 紹不從。 連營稍前，漸逼官度，遂合戰。 操軍不利，[三]復還堅壁。 紹為高櫓，起土山，射營中，[四]*[營中]*皆蒙楯而行。 [五]操乃發石車擊紹樓，皆破，軍中呼曰「霹靂車」。 [六]紹為地道欲襲操，操輒於內為長燎以拒之。 又遣奇兵襲紹運車，大破之，盡焚其谷食。
Cao Cao pulled back to Guandu; Yuan Shao held Yangwu. Ju Shou said: "northern numbers lack southern grit; southern grain is thin but northern magazines run deep. Cao wants a quick fight; you want a slow grind. Outwait him—months will decide." Yuan Shao refused. He crept toward Guandu and offered battle. Cao lost the round and dug in. Yuan Shao lofted towers and bowmen; Cao's men crept under shields Cao then deployed stone-throwing carts striking Shao's towers—all smashed—army called them "Thunderclap carts. Yuan Sha's sappers met Cao's counter-mines. Raiders torched Yuan Shao's grain trains.
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注[一]官度在今鄭州中牟縣北。 酈元水經云：「莨蕩渠經曹公壘北，有高台謂之官度台，在中牟城北，俗謂之中牟台。」
Annotation Guandu north of Zhongmou. Li Daoyuan Water Classic states: "Langdang Canal passes north of Cao Duke's rampart—high terrace called Guandu Terrace—north of Zhongmou walled town—folk call it Zhongmou Terrace."
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注[二]陽武，今鄭州縣。
Annotation Yangwu is modern Yuanyang area.
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注[三]魏志曰：「連營稍進，前依沙□，東西數十里為屯。 操亦分營與相當。」
Comment Wei Records states: "Linked camps gradually advanced—front relied on sand [lacuna]—east-west several tens of li as encampment. Cao Cao mirrored his lines."
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注[四]釋名曰：「樓櫓者，露上無覆屋也。」 今官度台北土山猶在，台之東，紹舊營遺基並存焉。
Comment Shi Ming states: "Tower-lofts—exposed above without roof covering. The mound and Yuan ramparts remain east of Guandu.
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注[五]楯，今之旁排也。 楊雄《羽獵賦》曰：「蒙楯負羽。」 獻帝春秋曰：「紹令軍中各持三尺繩，曹操誠禽，但當縛之。」
Annotation Large infantry shields. Yang Xiong: "muffled shields." Annals: "Yuan Shao told men to bring rope for Cao."
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注[六]以其發石聲震烈，呼為霹靂，即今之拋車也。 拋音普孝反。
Annotation Thunder carts were traction trebuchets. Read pao pu-xiao.
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相持百餘日，河南人疲睏，多畔應紹。 紹遣淳於瓊等將兵萬餘人北迎徹運。 沮授說紹可遣蔣奇別為支軍於表，以絕曹操之鈔。 [一]紹不從。 許攸進曰：「曹操兵少而悉師拒我，許下余守埶必空弱。 若分遣輕軍，星行掩襲，許拔則操* (為) *成禽。 如其未潰，可令首尾奔命，破之必也。」 紹又不能用。 會攸家犯法，審配收系之，攸不得志，遂奔曹操，而說使襲取淳於瓊等，瓊等時宿在烏巢，[二]去紹軍四十里。 操自將步騎五千人，夜往攻破瓊等，悉斬之。 [三]
After months Henan defected to Yuan Shao. Chunyu Qiong convoyed grain from the north. Ju Shou asked for an outer screen against raids. Yuan Shao refused. Xu You advanced saying: "Cao Cao troops few yet entire army resists us—Xu downstream surplus defense circumstance must empty weak. Light troops could seize Xu and Cao would be your prisoner. Or harry him head and tail—still victory." Yuan Shao ignored him again. Shen Pei jailed Xu You's kin; he fled to Cao and pointed at Chunyu Qiong at Wuchao Cao took five thousand men by night and slaughtered the convoy. Annotation marker 3.
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注[一]以支軍為瓊等表援。
Annotation Ju Shou wanted a cordon around the grain.
180
注[二]烏巢，地名，在滑州酸棗城東。
Annotation Wuchao east of Suanzao.
181
注[三]曹瞞傳曰：「公聞許攸來，跣出迎之。 攸勸公襲瓊等，公大喜，乃選精銳步騎，皆執袁軍旗幟，銜枚縛馬口，夜從閒道出，人把束薪。 所歷道問者，語之曰：『袁公恐曹操鈔掠後軍，還兵以益備。』 問者信以為然。 既至，圍屯，大放火，營中驚亂，大破之，盡燔其徹谷寶貨，斬督將* (睢) **[眭]*元進等，割得將軍淳於仲簡鼻，殺士卒千餘人，皆取鼻，牛馬割唇舌，以示紹軍。 將士皆惶懼。」
Comment Cao Man Tradition states: "Duke heard Xu You come—barefoot went welcome. They marched under Yuan colors, gagged, with torches. Guards heard: Yuan sends reinforcements against raiders. They believed the lie. They fired the depot and killed the officers (Sui) like Yuanjin—mutilated corpses to frighten Yuan's lines. Yuan's army shook."
182
初，紹聞操擊瓊，謂長子譚曰：「就操破瓊，吾拔其營，彼固無所歸矣。」 乃使高覽、張合等攻操營，不下。 [一]二將聞瓊等敗，遂奔操。 於是紹軍驚擾，大潰。 紹與譚等幅巾乘馬，與八百騎度河，至黎陽北岸，入其將軍蔣義渠營。 至帳下，把其手曰：「孤以首領相付矣。」 義渠避帳而處之。 使宣令焉。 觿聞紹在，稍復集。 余觿偽降，曹操盡坑之，前後所殺八萬人。
Yuan Shao told Yuan Tan: "if Cao hits grain I take his camp." He sent Gao Lan and Zhang He against Cao's fort—failed. Hearing Wuchao lost, they deserted to Cao. Yuan Shao's host collapsed. Yuan Shao fled with eight hundred horse to Jiang Yi. He seized Jiang Yi's hand: "my life is yours." Jiang Yi yielded his tent. He issued orders through Jiang. Stragglers rallied once Yuan Shao appeared. Cao massacred eighty thousand prisoners who feigned surrender.
183
注[一]魏志曰：「張郃字儁乂，河閒鄚人也。 合說紹曰：『曹公精兵往，必破瓊等，則事去矣。』 郭圖曰：『合計非也，不如攻其本營。』 合曰：『曹公營固，攻之必不拔。 若瓊等見禽，吾屬盡為虜矣。』 紹但遣輕騎救瓊，而以重兵攻太祖營，不能下。 太祖果破瓊等。 紹軍潰，圖籩，又更譖合快軍敗，合懼，歸太祖。」
Comment Wei Records states: "Zhang He styled Junyi—native of Mao in Hejian. Zhang He warned: if grain falls we lose all. Guo Tu said attack Cao's base. Zhang He said Cao's fort would hold. If grain burns we are slaves. Yuan Shao split forces thinly—failed both ends. Cao crushed Wuchao. Guo Tu blamed Zhang He; Zhang fled to Cao."
184
沮授為操軍所執，乃大呼曰：「授不降也，為所執耳。」 操見授謂曰：「分野殊異，遂用圮絕，不圖今日乃相得也。」 授對曰：「冀州失策，自取奔北。 授知力俱困，宜其見禽。」 操曰：「本初無謀，不相用計。 今喪亂過紀，[一]國家未定，方當與君圖之。」 授曰：「叔父、母、弟懸命袁氏，若蒙公靈，速死為福。」 操歎曰：「孤早相得，天下不足慮也。」 遂赦而厚遇焉。 授尋謀歸袁氏，乃誅之。
Ju Shou shouted: "I am captured, not surrendered." Cao seeing Shou told him: "Astral fields different—thereby used rupture sever—not pictured today then mutually obtain." Ju Shou: "Ji chose poorly and fled north. Strength spent—capture fits." Cao said: "Benchu lacked strategy—did not employ your plans. Chaos runs twelve years; let us plan peace. Ju Shou: "my kin are Yuan hostages—death is mercy." Cao sighed: "Orphan early obtained you—All Under Heaven not worth anxiety." He honored Ju Shou. Ju Shou plotted escape—Cao executed him.
185
注[一]十二年曰紀。
Annotation A ji cycle is twelve years.
186
紹外寬雅有局度，憂喜不形於色，而性矜愎自高，[一]短於從善，故至於敗。
Yuan Shao looked magnanimous but was vain and deaf to counsel—hence defeat.
187
及軍還，或謂田豐曰：「君必見重。」 豐曰：「公貌寬而內忌，不亮吾忠，而吾數以至言迕之。 若勝而喜，必能赦我，戰敗而怨，內忌將發。 若軍出有利，當蒙全耳，今既敗矣，吾不望生。」 紹還，曰：「吾不用田豐言，果為所笑。」 遂殺之。 [二]
When army returned—some told Tian Feng: "Lord certain will esteem you." Feng said: "Lord looks broad yet inward jealous—does not brighten my loyalty—and I repeatedly with utmost speech oppose him. Victory might spare me; defeat will unleash spite. If we had won I might live—after defeat I expect death." Yuan Shao returned: "Feng would mock me." He executed Tian Feng. Annotation marker 2.
188
注[一]愎音平逼反。
Annotation Read bi as ping-bi.
189
注[二]先賢行狀曰：「紹謂逢紀曰：『冀州人聞吾軍敗，皆當念吾； 唯田別駕前諫止吾，與觿不同，吾亦籩之。』 紀復曰：『豐聞將軍之退，拍手大笑，喜其言之中也。』 紹於是有害豐之意。 初，太祖聞豐不從戎，喜曰：『紹必敗矣。』 及紹奔遁，復曰：『向使紹用其別駕計，尚未可知也。』」
Comment Conduct of Worthies states: "Shao told Feng Ji: 'Ji Province men hearing our army defeated—all ought pity me; Only Tian Feng had warned him—Yuan Shao resented it. Feng Ji claimed Tian Feng laughed when Yuan Shao retreated. Yuan Shao decided to kill Tian Feng. Cao Cao said leaving Tian Feng behind meant Yuan Shao would lose. When Yuan Shao fled Cao admitted Tian Feng's plan might have changed things."
190
官度之敗，審配二子為曹操所禽。 孟岱與配有隙，因蔣奇言於紹曰：「配在位專政，族大兵強，且二子在南，必懷反畔。」 郭圖、辛評亦為然。 紹遂以岱為監軍，代配守鄴。 護軍逢紀與配不睦，[一]紹以問之，紀對曰：「配天性烈直，每所言行，慕古人之節，不以二子在南為不義也，公勿疑之。」 紹曰：「君不惡之邪？」 紀曰：「先所爭者私情，今所陳者國事。」 紹曰「善」。 乃不廢配，配、*[紀]*由是更協。
At Guandu Cao Cao took Shen Pei's two sons. Meng Dai bore grudge against Pei—through Jiang Qi spoke to Shao: "Pei in position monopolizes government—clan large army strong—moreover two sons south—certain harbor rebel intent." Guo Tu and Xin Ping agreed. Yuan Shao named Meng Dai overseer to replace Shen Pei at Ye. Feng Ji vouched for Shen Pei's loyalty despite his sons. You do not hate him?" Private quarrels aside—I speak for the state." Well said." Shen Pei stayed; he and Feng Ji reconciled.
191
注[一]《英雄記》曰：「審配任用，與紀不睦，辛評、郭圖皆比於譚。」 評，辛毗兄也。 見魏志。
Comment Records of Heroes states: "Shen Pei employed—inharmonious with Ji—Xin Ping, Guo Tu all sided Tan. Xin Ping was Xin Pi's elder brother. See the Wei Records.
192
冀州城邑多畔，紹復擊定之。 自軍敗後發病，七年夏，薨。 [一]未及定嗣，逢紀、審配宿以驕侈為譚所病，辛評、郭圖皆比於譚而與配、紀有隙。 觿以譚長，欲立之。 配等恐譚立而評等為害，遂矯紹遺命，奉尚為嗣。
Yuan Shao crushed revolts across Ji. He fell ill after Guandu and died in summer of the seventh year. Before naming an heir, factions split between Tan and Shang. Most officers favored the eldest son Tan. Shen Pei forged a will naming Yuan Shang.
193
注[一]魏志曰：「紹自軍破後，發病歐血死。」 獻帝春秋曰：「紹為人政寬，百姓德之。 河北士女莫不傷怨，市巷揮淚，如或喪親。」 典論曰：「袁紹妻劉氏性酷妒，紹死，殭屍未殯，寵妾五人盡殺之，為死者有知，當復見紹於地下，乃髡頭墨面，以毀其形。 尚又為盡殺死者之家。」
Annotation Wei Records: "Yuan Shao died vomiting blood. Annals: "his rule was mild and loved. Hebei mourned him like family." Dianlun: "Lady Liu slaughtered Yuan Shao's concubines and disfigured them. Yuan Shang executed their families too."
194
校勘記
Textual notes
195
二三七三頁三行父成五官中郎將按：集解引錢大昕說，謂華嶠漢書作「左中郎將」，見三國誌注。 袁安傳云「左中郎」，似失之。
Note: "Qian Daxin cites Hua Qiao for left gentlemans general versus text." Yuan An biography says "gentleman of the left"—seems mistaken.
196
二三七三頁三行* (紹) *壯健好交結殿本考證引何焯說，謂此指其父成，衍「紹」字。 今據刪。
Page 2373 line 3 (Shao) He Zhuo: "line refers to Yuan Cheng; drop redundant Shao." Deleted per edition.
197
二三七三頁七行除濮陽長按：集解引錢大昕說，謂許劭傳稱紹為濮陽令。
Note: Xu Shao text says prefect not magistrate.
198
二三七四頁三行以紹為佐軍校尉集解引洪頤粻說，謂何進傳作「中軍校尉」，蓋勳傳、五行志俱作「佐軍校尉」。 按：沉家本謂注引山陽公載記作「中軍」，獻紀注引亦同，魏志亦作「中軍」，案時有上軍、下軍，則作「中軍」是也。
Page 2374 line 3 appointed Shao assistant-army colonel Collected Explanations cites Hong Yiheng—He Jin biography writes "central-army colonel"—Gai Xun biography, Five Phases treatise both write "assistant-army colonel." Note: Shen Jiaben states commentary cites Duke of Shanyang as "central-army"—Annals commentary same—Wei Records same—case then had upper and lower armies—therefore "central-army" correct.
199
二三七四頁六行淳於瓊為右校尉按：何進傳作「左軍校尉」。
Page 2374 line 6 Chunyu Qiong right colonel Note: He Jin biography writes "left-army colonel."
200
二三七四頁一一行未有不善宣於天下按：校補引柳從辰說，謂袁紀「宣」作「害」。
Page 2374 line 11 none ill proclaim within realm Note: Collation Supplement cites Liu Congchen—Yuan Ji "proclaim" reads "harm."
201
二三七五頁一行信太山* (陽) *平*[陽]*人也洪亮吉謂「陽平」應如魏志鮑勳傳作「平陽」。 今據改。
Page 2375 line 1 Taishan (Yang) Ping[yang] native Hong Liangji states "Yangping" ought follow Wei Records Bao Xun biography as "Pingyang." Emended accordingly.
202
二三七五頁一行乃引軍還鄉里按：刊誤謂「軍」當作「歸」，或云「軍」字衍。
Page 2375 line 11 thereupon led army return home district Note: Publication Errors states "army" ought read "return"—some say "army" redundant.
203
二三七五頁一一行* (以) **[與]*從弟後將軍術據刊誤改。
Page 2375 line 11 (with) Graph corrected to "with."
204
二三七六頁三行少府陰循至將作大匠吳循按：集解引錢大昕說，謂獻帝紀「循」皆作「修」，魏志亦作「吳修」，當以「修」為正。
Page 2376, line 3: "from Lesser Treasurer Yin Xun to Wu Xun, Grand Artisan." Note: the collected commentary cites Qian Daxin as saying that in Emperor Xian's Annals, every occurrence of "Xun" is written "Xiu," and the Wei zhi also writes "Wu Xiu"; "Xiu" should be considered correct.
205
二三七六頁六行卓使司隸宣璠* (尺) **[盡]*口收之據汲本、殿本改。
Page 2376 line 6 Xuan Fan (chi) Jin pass emendation.
206
二三七六頁八行胡母班字季友三國魏志注「季友」作「季皮」。 風俗通卷三作「胡母季皮」。 今按：作「皮」是。 沉家本謂漢書□傳，楚人謂虎班。 名班字季皮，猶春秋時鄭罕虎字子皮也。
Page 2376 line 8 Humu Ban courtesy Jiyou Three Kingdoms Wei commentary "Jiyou" reads "Jipi." Customs and Usages vol. 3 writes "Humu Jipi." Now judgment: writing "pi" correct. Shen on tiger/ban wordplay. Parallel to Zheng Han Hu.
207
二三七六頁一二行亡人二女按：沈家本謂魏志注作「亡人子二人」，案下文云「匡抱班二子哭」，則作「二女」者非也。
Page 2376 line 12 dead lord two daughters Note: Shen Jiaben states Wei commentary writes "dead lord two sons"—downstream says Kuang embraced Ban two sons weep—therefore "two daughters" wrong.
208
二三七六頁一五行忌* (方) **[其]*得觿刊誤謂「方」字無義，當是「其」字。 按：通志正作「其」，今據改。
Page 2376 line 15 envy (Fang) [qi] gaining hosts Publication Errors states "Fang" lacks meaning—ought be "qi." Note: Comprehensive Gazette reads "qi"—now accordingly emended.
209
二三七七頁四行何凶逆刊誤謂「何」當作「阿」。 按：嚴可均全後漢文注「何，負也」。 依嚴說，則「何」字不鬥。
Page 2377 line 4 what fierce treason Publication Errors states "He" ought read "e." Note: Yan Kejun Complete Later Han gloss "He" bears. Following Yan explanation—then "He" character not wrong.
210
二三七七頁六行紹客逢紀按：何進傳作「龐紀」。
Page 2377 line 6 Shao retainer Feng Ji Note: He Jin biography writes "Pang Ji."
211
二三七七頁九行外托*[討]*董卓刊誤謂案文少一「討」字。 按：通志正作「托討董卓」，今據補。
Page 2377 line 9 outward pretext[punish] Dong Zhuo Publication Errors states text lacks one "punish" word. Note: Comprehensive Gazette correctly writes "pretext punish Dong Zhuo"—now accordingly supplemented.
212
二三七八頁二行騎都尉沮授按：集解引王補說，謂魏志言諫者耿、閔外，有治中李歷，而無沮授，通鑒從之。
Ju Shou absent in Wei version of remonstrance.
213
二三七八頁五行程渙按：集解引惠棟說，謂魏志「渙」作「奐」。
Page 2378 line 5 Cheng Huan Note: Collected Explanations cites Hui Dong—Wei Records "Huan" reads "Huan."
214
二三七九頁一五行秦伯曰按：「秦」原斗「泰」，逕據汲本、殿本改。
Page 2379 line 15 Duke Qin said Note: "Qin" originally miswritten "Tai"—directly emended per Ji edition, Palace edition.
215
二三八一頁八行此誠將軍之* (羞) **[眷]*集解引惠棟說，謂「羞」字誤，當依《英雄記》作「眷」。 今據改。 按：三國誌袁紹傳注引《英雄記》作「眷」。
Page 2381 line 8 general's (honor) [juan] Collected Explanations cites Hui Dong—states "xiu" mistaken—ought follow Records of Heroes "juan." Emended. Note: Three Kingdoms Yuan Shao biography commentary cites Records of Heroes "juan."
216
二三八一頁一０行大會賓徒於薄落津校補謂「徒」當作「從」。 按：魏志注引《英雄記》，作「方與賓客諸將共會」。
Page 2381 line 10 great assembly guests followers at Boluo Ford Collation Supplement states "followers" ought read "retinue." Note: Wei Records commentary cites Records of Heroes—writes "just with guests various generals jointly meeting."
217
二三八一頁一０行黑山賊干毒殿本「干」作「於」，下同。 按：朱儁傳亦作「於」。
Page 2381 line 10 Black Mountain bandit Gan Du Palace edition "Gan" reads "Yu"—same below. Note: Zhu Jun biography also writes "Yu."
218
二三八一頁一四行紹遂尋山北行按：張森楷校勘記謂「尋」字無義，疑當作「循」。
Page 2381 line 14 Shao then trace mountains north march Note: Zhang Senkai collation states "trace" lacks meaning—suspect ought read "follow."
219
二三八一頁一五行左髭丈八按：殿本「丈」作「文」。
Page 2381 line 15 Left-whisker Eight Zhang Note: Palace edition "zhang" reads "wen."
220
二三八二頁五行謂之*[薄]*落津校補引柳從辰說，謂通鑒注引此作「謂之薄落津」，此脫「薄」字。 今據補，與今本水經注合。
Page 2382 line 5 called [Bo]luo Ford Collation Supplement cites Liu Congchen—Comprehensive Mirror commentary cites this as "called Boluo Ford"—here lacks "Bo" character. Matches Li Daoyuan.
221
二三八二頁一三行拜紹右將軍按：集解引惠棟說，謂袁宏紀作「後將軍」。
Page 2382 line 13 appointed Shao general of the right Note: Collected Explanations cites Hui Dong—Yuan Hong chronicle writes "rear general."
222
二三八三頁九行熙字顯雍集解引惠棟說，謂「顯雍」當從魏志注作「顯奕」。 按：潘眉三國誌考證謂雍熙字相應，作「奕」誤。
Page 2383 line 9 Xi styled Xianyong Collected Explanations cites Hui Dong—states "Xianyong" ought follow Wei commentary "Xianyi." Note: Pan Mei Three Kingdoms textual research states Xi and Yi characters correspond—writing "Yi" mistaken.
223
二三八三頁一二行願上惟先代成* (則) **[敗]*之誡集解引惠棟說，謂「則」依九州春秋當作「敗」。 今據改。
Page 2383 line 12 accomplish (and) [bai] ruin warning Collected Explanations cites Hui Dong—states "ze" according Nine Provinces Spring and Autumn ought read "bai." Emended.
224
二三八六頁九行凡我同盟之後按：刊誤謂案文當云「同盟之人，既盟之後」，此盟書常文也，誤脫四字。
Page 2386 line 9 all we covenant allies afterward Note: Publication Errors states text ought read "covenant men—after oath"—this oath document usual wording—here mistaken dropped four characters.
225
二三八六頁九行神明是殛按：「殛」原斗「亟」，逕據汲本、殿本改正。
Page 2386 line 9 spirits then strike Note: "Strike" originally miswritten "urgent"—directly emended per Ji edition, Palace edition.
226
二三八六頁一一行今是* (夫) **[大]*鳥獸則失喪其腢匹據殿本改，與今禮記文合。
Page 2386 line 11 these (great) Great birds emendation per Rites.
227
二三八六頁一六行張楊黑山同時乞降按：「楊」原作「揚」，前後互岐，逕改正。
Page 2386 line 16 Zhang Yang Black Mountain simultaneously beg surrender Note: "Yang" originally written "Yang" raise—front rear inconsistent—directly corrected.
228
二三八七頁五行太僕趙岐按「岐」原斗「歧」，逕改正。
Page 2387 line 5 Privy Treasurer Zhao Qi Note: "Qi" originally miswritten "Qi" fork—directly corrected.
229
二三八九頁四行三槐三公* (匹) **[位]*焉據汲本、殿本改。
Page 2389 line 4 three dukes of state (counsel) Wei graph emended per Ji and Palace editions.
230
二三八九頁一五行以為驃騎大將軍按：張森楷校勘記謂案明帝紀及東平王傳並雲為驃騎將軍，「大」字蓋衍。
Page 2389, line 15: "made him General-in-Chief of Agile Cavalry." Note: Zhang Senkai's Collation Notes says that, according to Emperor Ming's Annals and the biography of the King of Dongping, both say he was made General of Agile Cavalry; the character "chief" is probably intrusive.
231
二三九一頁一行* (兵) **[其]*埶譬若覆手據汲本改。
Page 2391 line 1 (the) Qi particle restored per Ji edition.
232
二三九一頁五行且公師徒精勇按：校補引柳從辰說，謂閩本「公」作「今」。
Page 2391 line 5 moreover lord troops followers crack-brave Note: Collation Supplement cites Liu Congchen—Fujian edition "lord" reads "now."
233
二三九一頁七行在於* (將軍) **[持牢]*據殿本改。 按：殿本考證李良裘謂按三國誌注中載獻帝傳作「在於持牢」，「將軍」二字傳寫之誤。 又集解引王補說，謂通鑒亦作「持牢」，胡注猶今南人言「把穩」也。
Page 2391 line 7 lies in (hold firm) Chi lao emended per Palace edition. Note: "drop erroneous jiangjun per Dianlun commentary." Moreover Collected Explanations cites Wang Bu states Comprehensive Mirror also writes "hold firm"—Hu commentary equals modern southern speech "grasp steady."
234
二三九一頁八行夫臣與主同者*[昌主與臣同者]*亡集解引惠棟說，謂獻帝傳云「臣與主同者昌，主與臣同者亡」，傳漏「昌主與臣同者」六字。 今據補。
Page 2391 line 8 when minister matches lord same [prosper lord matches minister] perish Collected Explanations cites Hui Dong states Annals of Emperor Xian cloud "minister matches lord then prosper—lord matches minister then perish"—tradition leaked six characters. Supplemented accordingly.
235
二三九三頁一二行因臧買位集解引惠棟說，謂「買」陳琳集作「假」。 今按：文選亦作「假」。
Page 2393 line 12 through Zang bought rank Collected Explanations cites Hui Dong states "buy" Chen Lin collection reads "borrow." Now judgment: Literary Selection also writes "borrow."
236
二三九三頁一二行操* (奸) **[贅]*閹遺丑集解引錢大昕說，謂「奸」當作「贅」，三國誌注及文選並是「贅」字。 今據改。
Page 2393 line 12 Cao (surplus) [zhui] castrate-leavings ugliness Collected Explanations cites Qian Daxin states "jian" ought read "zhui"—Three Kingdoms commentary and Literary Selection both "zhui." Emended.
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二三九四頁一行□就威柄集解引惠棟說，謂文選及魏志注皆作「□□」，□，成也，就亦訓成，與□同義。 按：殿本「就」斗「蹴」。
Page 2394 line 1 [lacuna] approach awesome handle Collected Explanations cites Hui Dong states Literary Selection and Wei commentary both write "[lacuna][lacuna]"—[lacuna] means complete—approach also glosses complete—same meaning as [lacuna]. Note: Palace edition "approach" miswritten "kick."
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二三九四頁三行身被梟懸之戮文選「身」下有「首」字，「戮」作「誅」。 按：下云「妻孥受灰滅之咎」，「身首」「妻孥」相對成文，疑此脫「首」字。
Page 2394 line 3 body draped display-beheading punishment Literary Selection below "body" has "head" character—"punishment" reads "execution." Note: Below cloud "wife children bear ash-extinction blame"—"body head" "wife children" parallel paired text—suspect here lacks "head" character.
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二三九五頁一一行布復與陳宮將萬餘人* (乘) **[來]*戰據汲本、殿本改。
Lu Bu and Chen Gong led ten thousand mounted Graph emended to battle.
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二三九八頁八行*[中]*黃伯曰據刊誤補。
Zhong restored per collation.
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二四００頁三行*[營中]*皆蒙楯而行李慈銘謂「皆」字上當疊「營中」二字，三國志袁紹傳作「營中皆蒙楯，觿大懼」。 今據補。
Page 2400 line 3 [within camp] all shield-mantle walk Li Ciming states above "all" ought repeat "within camp" two characters—Three Kingdoms Yuan Shao biography writes "within camp all shield-mantle—hosts greatly fear." Supplemented.
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二四００頁一０行曹操誠禽按：刊誤謂「誠」案文當作「成」。
Page 2400 line 10 Cao Cao truly captured Note: Publication Errors states "truly" examining text ought read "can."
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二四００頁一四行許拔則操* (為) *成禽據刊誤刪。
Page 2400 line 14 if Xu falls Cao (is) Deleted redundant graph per collation.
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二四０一頁六行還兵以益備按：校補謂魏志注引曹瞞傳，「還兵」作「遣兵」。
Page 2401 line 6 return troops to strengthen guard Note: Collation Supplement states Wei commentary cites Cao Man Tradition—"return troops" reads "dispatch troops."
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二四０一頁七行斬督將* (睢) **[眭]*元進等集解引惠棟說，謂「睢」當作「眭」，即眭固也。 今據改。
Page 2401 line 7 behead general (Sui) [Sui] Yuanjin and others Collected Explanations cites Hui Dong states "Sui" ought read "Sui"—namely Sui Gu. Emended.
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二四０三頁四行配*[紀]*由是更協據集解引蘇輿說補。
Ji restored in Pei-Ji phrase per Su Yu.