1
安皇帝諱德宗，字德宗，孝武帝長子也。 太元十二年八月辛巳，立爲皇太子。 二十一年九月庚申，孝武帝崩。 辛酉，太子卽皇帝位，大赦。 癸亥，以司徒、會稽王道子爲太傅，攝政。 冬十月甲申。 葬孝武皇帝于隆平陵。 大雪。
Emperor An, whose taboo name was Dezong and whose courtesy name was likewise Dezong, was the eldest son of Emperor Xiaowu of Jin. In the eighth month of Taiyuan 12 (387 CE), on the day xinsi, he was invested as crown prince. In Taiyuan 21 (396 CE), on gengshen in the ninth month, Emperor Xiaowu passed away. On xinyou the crown prince ascended the throne as emperor and ordered a general amnesty. On guihai, Sima Daozi, minister of education and Prince of Guiji, was made grand tutor and assumed regency. Winter, tenth month: the day jiashen. They buried Emperor Xiaowu at Longping Mausoleum. There was heavy snowfall.
2
隆安元年春正月己亥朔，帝加元服，改元，增文武位一等。 太傅、會稽王道子稽首歸政。 以尚書右僕射王珣爲尚書令，領軍將軍王國寶爲尚書左僕射。
Spring, first month of the first year of Longan (397 CE), new moon on jihai: the emperor came of age, the reign title was changed, and all civil and military officials gained one rank. Grand Tutor Sima Daozi, Prince of Guiji, formally handed back the reins of government. Wang Xun was appointed director of the secretariat from his post as right vice director; Wang Guobao, general of the garrison army, became left vice director of the secretariat.
3
二月，呂光將禿髮烏孤自稱大都督、大單于，國號南涼。 擊光將竇苟于金昌，大破之。 甲寅，尊皇太后李氏爲皇太后。 戊午，立皇后王氏。
In the second month, Tufa Wugu, a general under Lü Guang, declared himself grand commander-in-chief and great chanyu and founded the state of Southern Liang. He struck Lü Guang's general Dou Gou at Jinchang and routed him decisively. On jiayin the court formally confirmed Lady Li as empress dowager with full rites of investiture. On wuwu Lady Wang was enthroned as empress.
4
三月，呂光子纂爲乞伏乾歸所敗。 光建康太守段業自號涼州牧。 慕容寶敗魏師于薊。
In the third month Lü Zuan, son of Lü Guang, was beaten by Qifu Gan'gui. Duan Ye, Lü Guang's prefect of Jiankang, proclaimed himself governor of Liangzhou. Murong Bao repulsed the Wei army at Ji.
5
夏四月甲戌，兗州刺史王恭，豫州刺史庾楷舉兵，以討尚書左僕射王國寶、建威將軍王緒爲名。 甲申，殺國寶及緒以悅于恭，恭乃罷兵。 戊子，大赦。
Summer, fourth month, jiaxu: Wang Gong, inspector of Yanzhou, and Yu Kai, inspector of Yuzhou, rose in arms, nominally to punish Wang Guobao, left vice director of the secretariat, and Wang Xu, general who establishes might. On jiashen Wang Guobao and Wang Xu were executed to placate Wang Gong, who thereupon stood down his forces. On wuzi the court declared a general amnesty.
6
五月，前司徒長史王廞以吳郡反，王恭討平之。 慕容寶將慕容詳僭卽皇帝位于中山，寶奔黃龍。
In the fifth month Wang Xin, erstwhile chief clerk of the minister of education, revolted in Wu commandery; Wang Gong crushed the rising. Murong Xiang, a general of Murong Bao, unlawfully took the imperial title at Zhongshan, while Bao fled toward Huanglong.
7
秋八月，呂光爲其僕射楊軌、散騎常侍郭黁所攻，光子纂擊走之。
In the eighth month Lü Guang came under attack from his vice director Yang Gui and regular cavalier attendant Guo Fen; his son Lü Zuan beat them back.
8
九月，慕容寶將慕容麟斬慕容祥于中山，因僭卽皇帝位。
In the ninth month Murong Lin, Murong Bao's general, executed Murong Xiang at Zhongshan and then unlawfully proclaimed himself emperor.
9
冬十月，慕容麟爲魏師所敗。
In the tenth month Murong Lin suffered defeat at the hands of the Wei army.
10
二年春三月，龍舟二災。
In the third month of the second year of Longan, two imperial dragon boats burned.
11
夏五月，蘭汗弑慕容寶而自稱大將軍、昌黎王。
In the fifth month Lan Han assassinated Murong Bao and declared himself grand general and king of Changli.
12
秋七月，慕容寶子盛斬蘭汗，僭稱長樂王，攝天子位。 兗州刺史王恭、豫州刺史庾楷、荊州刺史殷仲堪、廣州刺史桓玄、南蠻校尉楊佺期等舉兵反。
In the seventh month Murong Sheng, Bao's son, killed Lan Han and unlawfully took the title prince of Changle, exercising imperial authority. Wang Gong of Yanzhou, Yu Kai of Yuzhou, Yin Zhongkan of Jingzhou, Huan Xuan of Guangzhou, and Yang Quanqi, colonel of the southern barbarians, jointly rose in revolt.
13
八月，江州刺史王愉奔于臨川。 丙子，寧朔將軍鄧啓方及慕容德將慕容法戰于管城，王師敗績。 丙戌，慕容盛僭卽皇帝位于黃龍。 桓玄大敗王師于白石。
In the eighth month Wang Yu, inspector of Jiangzhou, bolted to Linchuan. On bingzi Deng Qifang, general who calms the northern frontier, clashed with Murong Fa, a general of Murong De, at Guancheng; the government forces were badly beaten. On bingxu Murong Sheng unlawfully ascended the throne at Huanglong. Huan Xuan shattered the imperial army at Baishi.
14
九月辛卯，加太傅、會稽王道子黃鉞。 遣征虜將軍會稽王世子元顯、前將軍王珣、右將軍謝琰討桓玄等。 己亥，破庾楷于牛渚。 丙午，會稽王道子屯中堂，元顯守石頭。 己酉，前將軍王珣守北郊，右將軍謝琰備宣陽門。 輔國將軍劉牢之次新亭，使子敬宣擊敗恭，恭奔曲阿長塘湖，湖尉收送京師，斬之。 於是遣太常殷茂喻仲堪及玄，玄等走于尋陽。
On xinmao in the ninth month Grand Tutor Sima Daozi, Prince of Guiji, was granted the yellow axe, emblem of punitive command. The court dispatched Sima Yuanxian, heir of the Prince of Guiji, as general who subdues the caitiffs, together with former general Wang Xun and right general Xie Yan, to strike Huan Xuan and his allies. On jihai government troops defeated Yu Kai at Niuzhu. On bingwu Prince Daozi of Guiji took position in the Central Hall while Yuanxian held Stone Fortress. On jiyou former general Wang Xun defended the northern outskirts and right general Xie Yan covered Xuanyang Gate. Liu Laozhi, general who supports the state, stopped at Xinting and had his son Liu Jingxuan attack Wang Gong; Gong fled to Changtang Lake in Qu'e, was captured by the lake bailiff and sent to the capital, and was executed. The court then sent Yin Mao, minister of ceremonies, to reason with Yin Zhongkan and Huan Xuan, who withdrew toward Xunyang.
15
冬十月，新野言騶虞見。 丙子，大赦。 壬午，仲堪等盟于尋陽，推桓玄爲盟主。
In the tenth month Xinye reported the sighting of a zouyu, the auspicious white tiger-like beast. On bingzi a general amnesty was declared. On renwu Yin Zhongkan and his allies made a league at Xunyang and acknowledged Huan Xuan as head of the alliance.
16
十一月，以琅邪王德文爲衛將軍、開府儀同三司，領軍將軍王雅爲尚書左僕射。
In the eleventh month Sima Dewen, Prince of Langye, became general who guards the state with honors matching the three excellencies, while Wang Ya, general of the garrison army, was appointed left vice director of the secretariat.
17
十二月己丑，魏王珪卽尊位，年號天興。 京兆人韋禮帥襄陽流人叛，降于姚興。 己酉，前新安太守杜炯反于京口，會稽王世子元顯討斬之。 禿髮烏孤自稱武威王。
On jichou in the twelfth month Tuoba Gui, king of Wei, took the imperial title with the era name Tianxing. Wei Li of the capital region led Xiangyang refugees in mutiny and went over to Yao Xing. On jiyou Du Jiong, former prefect of Xin'an, mutinied at Jingkou; Sima Yuanxian, heir of the Prince of Guiji, attacked him and had him executed. Tufa Wugu proclaimed himself prince of Wuwei.
18
三年春正月辛酉，封宗室蘊爲淮陵王。
On xinyou in the first month of the third year of Longan a clansman, Sima Yun, was invested as prince of Huailing.
19
二月甲辰，河間王國鎮薨。 林邑范胡達陷日南、九真，遂寇交阯，太守杜瑗討破之。 段業自稱涼王。 仇池公楊盛遣使稱籓，獻方物。
On jiachen in the second month Sima Guozhen, prince of Hejian, died. The Linyi ruler Fan Huda seized Rinan and Jiuzhen and struck Jiaozhi; Prefect Du Yuan repulsed him. Duan Ye declared himself king of Liang. Yang Sheng, lord of Chouchi, sent envoys to acknowledge Jin suzerainty and offer tribute.
20
三月己卯，追尊所生陳夫人爲德皇太后。
On jimao in the third month the emperor's birth mother, Lady Chen, was canonized posthumously as empress dowager de (virtuous).
21
夏四月乙未，加尚書令王珣衛將軍，以會稽王世子元顯爲揚州刺史。
On yiwei in the fourth month Wang Xun, director of the secretariat, was further named general who guards the state, and Sima Yuanxian, heir of the Prince of Guiji, became inspector of Yangzhou.
22
六月戊子，以琅邪王德文爲司徒。 慕容德陷青州，害龍驤將軍辟閭渾，遂僭卽皇帝位于廣固。
On wuzi in the sixth month Sima Dewen, Prince of Langye, was appointed minister of education. Murong De overran Qingzhou, slew Pi Lu Hun, general who rouses the dragon, and then unlawfully took the throne at Guanggu.
23
秋八月，禿髮烏孤死，其弟利鹿孤嗣偽位。
In the eighth month Tufa Wugu died; his brother Tufa Lilugu succeeded to his usurped title.
24
冬十月，姚興陷洛陽，執河南太守辛恭靖。
In the tenth month Yao Xing seized Luoyang and took Xin Gongjing, governor of Henan, prisoner.
25
十一月甲寅，妖賊孫恩陷會稽，內史王凝之死之，吳國內史桓謙、臨海太守新蔡王崇、義興太守魏隱並委官而遁，吳興太守謝邈、永嘉太守司馬逸皆遇害。 遣衛將軍謝琰、輔國將軍劉牢之逆擊，走之。
On jiayin in the eleventh month the rebel Sun En captured Kuaiji; Interior Secretary Wang Ningzhi perished; Huan Qian of Wu, Prince Chong of Xincai in Linhai, and Wei Yin of Yixing all fled their posts; Xie Miao of Wuxing and Sima Yi of Yongjia were slain. The court sent Xie Yan, general who guards the state, and Liu Laozhi, general who supports the state, to intercept the rebels and force their retreat.
26
十二月，桓玄襲江陵，荊州刺史殷仲堪、南蠻校尉楊佺期並遇害。 呂光立其太子紹爲天王，自號太上皇。 是日，光死，呂纂弑紹而自立。
In the twelfth month Huan Xuan stormed Jiangling; Yin Zhongkan, inspector of Jingzhou, and Yang Quanqi, colonel of the southern barbarians, both fell. Lü Guang installed his crown prince Lü Shao as heavenly king while taking for himself the title supreme father-emperor. The same day Lü Guang died; Lü Zuan assassinated Lü Shao and seized power.
27
是歲，荊州大水，平地三丈。
That year a catastrophic flood struck Jingzhou, with still water three zhang deep even on the plains.
28
四年春正月乙亥，大赦。
On yihai in the first month of the fourth year of Longan the court proclaimed a general amnesty.
29
二月己丑，有星孛于奎婁，進至紫微。
On jichou in the second month a comet appeared in the Kui-Lou asterism and moved toward the Purple Palace enclosure.
30
三月，彗星見于太微。
In the third month a comet showed itself within the Supreme Palace constellation.
31
夏四月，地震。 孫恩寇浹口。
In the fourth month an earthquake occurred. Sun En struck Jiakou.
32
五月丙寅，散騎常侍、衛將軍、東亭侯王珣卒。 己卯，會稽內史謝琰爲孫恩所敗，死之。 恩轉寇臨海。
On bingyin in the fifth month Wang Xun, regular cavalier attendant and general who guards the state, Marquis of Dongting, died. On jimao Xie Yan, interior secretary of Kuaiji, was routed by Sun En and killed. Sun En then swung his forces against Linhai.
33
六月庚辰朔，日有蝕之。 旱。 輔國司馬劉裕破恩於南山。 恩將盧循陷廣陵，死者三千餘人。 以琅邪王師何澄爲尚書左僕射。
On gengchen, new moon of the sixth month, an eclipse of the sun occurred. A severe drought set in. Liu Yu, aide to the general who supports the state, broke Sun En at Nanshan. Lu Xun, Sun En's lieutenant, captured Guangling, leaving over three thousand dead. He Cheng, tutor to the Prince of Langye, was appointed left vice director of the secretariat.
34
秋七月壬子，太皇太后李氏崩。 丁卯，大赦。 是月，姚興伐乞伏乾歸，降之。
On renzi in the seventh month Grand Empress Dowager Lady Li died. On dingmao a general amnesty was issued. That same month Yao Xing campaigned against Qifu Gan'gui and forced his surrender.
35
八月丁亥，尚書右僕射王雅卒。 壬寅，葬文太后于脩平陵。
On dinghai in the eighth month Wang Ya, right vice director of the secretariat, died. On renyin Empress Dowager Wen was interred at Xiuping Mausoleum.
36
九月癸丑，地震。
On guichou in the ninth month the earth shook.
37
冬十一月，寧朔將軍高雅之及孫恩戰於餘姚，王師敗績。 以揚州刺史元顯爲後將軍、開府儀同三司、都督揚豫徐兗青幽冀幷荊江司雍梁益交廣十六州諸軍事，前將軍劉牢之爲鎮北將軍，封元顯子彥璋爲東海王。
In the eleventh month Gao Yazhi, general who calms the northern frontier, met Sun En at Yuyao and the government army was routed. Sima Yuanxian, inspector of Yangzhou, was further named general of the rear with three-excellency honors and area commander for sixteen provinces; Liu Laozhi became general who guards the north; Yuanxian's son Sima Yanzhang was invested prince of Donghai.
38
十二月戊寅，有星孛于天市。
On wuyin in the twelfth month a comet blazed in the Celestial Market asterism.
39
是歲，河右諸郡奉涼武昭王李玄盛爲秦涼二州牧、涼公，年號庚子。
That year the Hexi commanderies acclaimed Li Gao (courtesy Xuansheng), whom later history remembers as Prince Wu-Zhao of Liang, as governor of Qin and Liang and duke of Liang, with the reign title Gengzi.
40
五年春二月丙子，孫恩復寇浹口。 呂超殺呂纂，以其兄隆僭卽偽位。
On bingzi in the second month of the fifth year of Longan Sun En again struck Jiakou. Lü Chao murdered Lü Zuan, allowing his brother Lü Long unlawfully to take the throne.
41
三月甲寅，衆星西流，歷太微。
On jiayin in the third month a meteor shower swept westward across the Supreme Palace enclosure.
42
夏五月，孫恩寇𣺣瀆，吳國內史袁山松死之。 沮渠蒙遜殺段業，自號大都督、北涼州牧。
In the fifth month Sun En struck the Hu ford (near modern Shanghai); Yuan Shansong, interior secretary of Wu, was killed in the defense. Juqu Mengxun slew Duan Ye and proclaimed himself grand commander-in-chief and governor of northern Liangzhou.
43
六月甲戌，孫恩至丹徒。 乙亥，內外戒嚴，百官入居于省。 冠軍將軍高素、右衛將軍張崇之守石頭，輔國將軍劉襲柵斷淮口，丹陽尹司馬恢之戍南岸，冠軍將軍桓謙、輔國將軍司馬允之、遊擊將軍毛邃備白石，左衛將軍王嘏、領軍將軍孔安國屯中皇堂。 徵豫州刺史、譙王尚之衛京師。 寧朔將軍高雅之擊孫恩于廣陵之郁洲，爲賊所執。
On jiaxu in the sixth month Sun En's host reached Dantu. On yihai the capital went on full alert and all officials billeted themselves inside the palace offices. Gao Su, general who wins the championship, and Zhang Chongzhi, general of the right, held Stone Fortress; Liu Xi, general who supports the state, threw a stockade across the Huai estuary; Sima Huizhi, prefect of Danyang, manned the south bank; Huan Qian, Sima Yunzhi, and Mao Sui covered Baishi; Wang Jia, general of the left, and Kong Anguo, general of the garrison army, camped at the Central Imperial Hall. Prince Sima Shang of Qiao, inspector of Yuzhou, was recalled to shield the capital. Gao Yazhi, general who calms the northern frontier, engaged Sun En at Yuzhou islet near Guangling and was taken by the rebels.
44
秋七月，段璣殺慕容盛，盛叔父熙盡誅段氏，因僭稱尊號。
In the seventh month Duan Ji assassinated Murong Sheng; Murong Xi, Sheng's uncle, wiped out the Duan lineage and then unlawfully assumed the throne.
45
九月，呂隆降于姚興。
That autumn Lü Long submitted to Yao Xing of Later Qin.
46
冬十月，姚興帥師侵魏，大敗而旋。
In the tenth month Yao Xing invaded Wei, was routed, and limped home.
47
是歲，饑，禁酒。
Famine gripped the realm, and the court banned the sale and drinking of wine.
48
元興元年春正月庚午朔，大赦，改元。 以後將軍元顯爲驃騎大將軍、征討大都督，鎮北將軍劉牢之爲元顯前鋒，前將軍、譙王尚之爲後部，以討桓玄。
Spring, first month of Yuanxing 1, new moon on gengwu: the court ordered a general amnesty and adopted the new reign title Yuanxing. Yuanxian, general of the rear, received the titles grand general of agile cavalry and supreme commander against rebellion; Liu Laozhi, general who guards the north, led his van; Prince Sima Shang of Qiao, former general, covered the rear, all mobilized to crush Huan Xuan.
49
二月丙午，帝戎服餞元顯于西池。 丁巳，遣兼侍中、齊王柔之以騶虞幡宣告荊、江二州。 丁卯，桓玄敗王師于姑孰，譙王尚之、齊王柔之並死之。 以右將軍吳隱之爲都督交廣二州諸軍事、廣州刺史。
On bingwu in the second month the emperor, dressed for war, saw Yuanxian off with a banquet at the West Pool. On dingsi Sima Rouzhi, Prince of Qi, holding concurrent palace attendant rank, carried the zouyu standard into Jingzhou and Jiangzhou to publish the imperial command. On dingmao Huan Xuan shattered government troops at Gushi; Prince Shang of Qiao and Prince Rouzhi of Qi fell in battle. Wu Yin-zhi, general of the right, became area commander for Jiao and Guang and inspector of Guangzhou.
50
三月己巳，劉牢之叛降于桓玄。 辛未，王師敗績于新亭，驃騎大將軍、會稽王世子元顯，東海王彥璋，冠軍將軍毛泰，遊擊將軍毛邃並遇害。 壬申，桓玄自爲侍中、丞相、錄尚書事，以桓謙爲尚書僕射，遷太傅、會稽王道子于安城。 玄俄又自稱太尉、揚州牧，總百揆，以琅邪王德文爲太宰。
On jisi in the third month Liu Laozhi turned traitor and went over to Huan Xuan. On xinwei the loyalist army collapsed at Xinting; Sima Yuanxian, grand general of agile cavalry and heir of the Prince of Guiji, Sima Yanzhang of Donghai, Mao Tai, general who wins the championship, and Mao Sui, general who roams and strikes, all perished. On renshen Huan Xuan seized the offices of palace attendant, chancellor, and chief of secretariat affairs, named Huan Qian vice director of the secretariat, and banished Grand Tutor Sima Daozi, Prince of Guiji, to Ancheng. Huan Xuan shortly added the titles grand commandant and governor of Yangzhou, claiming direction of all government, while naming Sima Dewen, Prince of Langye, grand preceptor in name.
51
臨海太守辛景擊孫恩，斬之。 是月，禿髮利鹿孤死，弟辱檀嗣偽位。
Xin Jing, prefect of Linhai, struck Sun En and took his head. That same month Tufa Lilugu died; his brother Tufa Rutan succeeded to his usurped throne.
52
秋七月乙亥，新蔡王崇爲其奴所害。
On yihai in the seventh month Sima Chong, Prince of Xincai, was assassinated by his household slaves.
53
八月庚子，尚書下舍災。
On gengzi in the eighth month a blaze destroyed the lower compound of the secretariat.
54
冬十月，冀州刺史劉軌叛奔于慕容德。
In the tenth month Liu Gui, inspector of Jizhou, mutinied and defected to Murong De.
55
十二月庚申，會稽王道子爲桓玄所害。 曲赦廣陵、彭城大逆以下。
On gengshen in the twelfth month Huan Xuan had Sima Daozi, Prince of Guiji, murdered. The court issued a limited amnesty for Guangling and Pengcheng, pardoning offenses short of the gravest treason.
56
二年春二月辛丑，建威將軍劉裕破徐道覆于東陽。 乙卯，桓玄自稱大將軍。 丁巳，冀州刺史孫無終爲桓玄所害。
On xinchou in the second month of the second year of Yuanxing Liu Yu, general who establishes might, routed Xu Daofu at Dongyang. On yimao Huan Xuan proclaimed himself grand general. On dingsi Sun Wuzhong, inspector of Jizhou, fell victim to Huan Xuan.
57
夏四月癸巳朔，日有蝕之。
New moon on guisi in the fourth month brought an eclipse of the sun.
58
秋八月，玄又自號相國、楚王。
In the eighth month Huan Xuan added the titles minister of state and king of Chu.
59
九月，南陽太守庾仄起義兵，爲玄所敗。
In the ninth month Yu Ze, prefect of Nanyang, rose in arms against Huan Xuan but was beaten.
60
冬十一月壬午，玄遷帝于永安宮。 癸未，移太廟神主于琅邪國。
On renwu in the eleventh month Huan Xuan removed the emperor to confinement in Yongan Palace. On guiwei the ancestral tablets were carried from the dynastic temple into the princely domain of Langye.
61
十二月壬辰，玄篡位，以帝爲平固王。 辛亥，帝蒙塵于尋陽。
On renchen in the twelfth month Huan Xuan seized the throne and demoted the emperor to prince of Pinggu. On xinhai the sovereign endured captivity and humiliation at Xunyang.
62
三年春二月，帝在尋陽。 庚寅夜，濤水入石頭，漂殺人戶。 乙卯，建武將軍劉裕帥沛國劉毅、東海何無忌等舉義兵。 丙辰，斬桓玄所署徐州刺史桓修于京口，青州刺史桓弘于廣陵。 丁巳，義師濟江。
In the second month of the third year of Yuanxing the emperor remained under guard at Xunyang. On the night of gengyin a tidal bore swept into Stone Fortress and swept away lives and homes. On yimao Liu Yu, general who establishes might, rallied Liu Yi of Pei, He Wuji of Donghai, and others in a loyalist uprising. On bingchen loyalists executed Huan Xiu, Huan Xuan's man as inspector of Xuzhou, at Jingkou, and Huan Hong, inspector of Qingzhou, at Guangling. On dingsi the righteous host forded the Great River.
63
三月戊午，劉裕斬玄將吳甫之于江乘，斬皇甫敷於羅落。 己未，玄衆潰而逃。 庚申，劉裕置留臺，具百官。 壬戌，桓玄司徒王謐推劉裕行鎮軍將軍、徐州刺史、都督揚徐兗豫青冀幽幷八州諸軍事、假節。 劉裕以謐領揚州刺史、錄尚書事。 辛酉，劉裕誅尚書左僕射王愉、愉子荊州刺史綏、司州刺史溫詳。 辛未，桓玄逼帝西上。 丙戌，密詔以幽逼於玄，萬機虛曠，令武陵王遵依舊典，承制總百官行事，加侍中，餘如故。 幷大赦謀反大逆己下，惟桓玄一祖之後不宥。
On wuwu in the third month Liu Yu slew Wu Fuzhi, a general of Huan Xuan, at Jiangcheng and Huangfu Fu at Luoluo. On jiwei Huan Xuan's army disintegrated in flight. On gengshen Liu Yu set up a provisional administration at the capital with a complete roster of officials. On renxu Wang Mi, minister of education under Huan Xuan, urged that Liu Yu act as general who garrisons the army, inspector of Xuzhou, and area commander for eight provinces, bearing the ceremonial axe. Liu Yu left Wang Mi in charge of Yangzhou and overall secretariat business. On xinyou Liu Yu put to death Wang Yu, left vice director of the secretariat, together with Wang Sui, his son and inspector of Jingzhou, and Wen Xiang, inspector of Sizhou. On xinwei Huan Xuan drove the emperor upriver toward the west. On bingxu a clandestine rescript explained that, smothered by Huan Xuan's tyranny with the court paralyzed, Prince Sima Zun of Wuling should exercise delegated authority over all offices per established precedent and receive the added title palace attendant, retaining his existing honors. A sweeping amnesty followed for all crimes through high treason, explicitly excluding the single ancestral line of Huan Xuan from mercy.
64
夏四月己丑，大將軍、武陵王遵稱制，總萬機。 庚寅，帝至江陵。 庚戌，輔國將軍何無忌、振武將軍劉道規及桓玄將庾稚、何澹之戰于湓口，大破之。 玄復逼帝東下。
On jichou in the fourth month Sima Zun, grand general and Prince of Wuling, began acting as regent over the entire administration. On gengyin the emperor arrived at Jiangling. On gengxu He Wuji, general who supports the state, and Liu Daogui, general who rouses might, met Yu Zhi and He Danzhi, generals of Huan Xuan, at Penkou and shattered their force. Huan Xuan then compelled the emperor to travel back downriver toward the east.
65
五月癸酉，冠軍將軍劉毅及桓玄戰于崢嶸洲，又破之。 己卯，帝復幸江陵。 辛巳，荊州別駕王康產、南郡太守王騰之奉帝居于南郡。 壬午，督護馮遷斬桓玄於貊盤洲。 乘輿反正于江陵。 甲申，詔曰：「姦凶篡逆，自古有之。 朕不能式遏杜漸，以致播越。 賴鎮軍將軍裕英略奮發，忠勇絕世，冠軍將軍毅等誠心宿著，協助同嘉謀。 義聲旣振，士庶效節，社稷載安，四海齊慶。 其大赦，凡諸畏逼事屈逆命者，一無所問。」 戊寅，奉神主人于太廟。
On guiyou in the fifth month Liu Yi, general who wins the championship, engaged Huan Xuan at Zhengrong Islet and won another victory. On jimao the sovereign once more came to Jiangling. On xinsi Wang Kangchan, provincial aide of Jingzhou, and Wang Tengzhi, prefect of Nanjun, sheltered the emperor within Nanjun. On renwu Feng Qian, army superintendent, executed Huan Xuan on Mopan Islet. The imperial train was restored to its rightful authority at Jiangling. On jiashen the throne issued a rescript: "Violent usurpation is no novelty in history. We failed to choke off treason before it spread, and so were cast into wandering exile. We owe our deliverance to Liu Yu, general who garrisons the army, whose loyal valor and decisive genius are unmatched, and to Liu Yi, general who wins the championship, and others whose steadfast devotion long stood clear as they shared in righteous planning. When the call to arms rang out, officials and people alike rallied; the altars stood firm once more, and the realm rejoiced as one. We therefore proclaim a great amnesty: none who submitted under duress to the rebel command shall be questioned." On wuyin the ancestral tablets were solemnly returned to the dynastic temple.
66
閏月己丑，桓玄故將揚武將軍桓振陷江陵，劉毅、何無忌退守尋陽，帝復蒙塵于賊營。
Intercalary fourth month, jichou: Huan Zhen, Huan Xuan's old general of yangwu, seized Jiangling; Liu Yi and He Wuji fell back to Xunyang, and the emperor once more endured captivity in the rebel lines.
67
六月，益州刺史毛璩討偽梁州刺史桓希，斬之。
In the sixth month Mao Qu, inspector of Yizhou, attacked Huan Xi, the bogus governor of Liangzhou whom Huan Xuan had installed, and executed him.
68
秋七月戊申，永安皇后何氏崩。
On wushen in the seventh month Empress He of Yongan passed away.
69
八月癸酉，祔葬穆帝章皇后于永平陵。
On guiyou in the eighth month Empress Zhang of Emperor Mu received joint burial at Yongping Mausoleum.
70
九月，前給事中刁騁、秘書丞王邁之謀反，伏誅。
In the ninth month Diao Cheng, former consultant at court, and Wang Maizhi, secretary aide, conspired to revolt and were put to death.
71
冬十月，盧循寇廣州，刺史吳隱之爲循所敗。 執始興相阮腆之而還。
In the tenth month Lu Xun struck Guangzhou; Wu Yin-zhi, the inspector, was routed. Lu Xun captured Ruan Tianzhi, minister of Shixing, and withdrew.
72
慕容德死，兄子超嗣偽位。
Murong De died; his nephew Murong Chao succeeded to his usurped throne.
73
義熙元年春正月，帝在江陵。 南陽太守魯宗之起義兵，襲破襄陽。 己丑，劉毅次于馬頭。 桓振以帝屯于江津。 辛卯，宗之破振將溫楷于柞溪，進次紀南，爲振所敗。 振武將軍劉道規擊桓謙，走之。 乘輿反正，帝與琅邪王幸道規舟。 戊戌，詔曰：「朕以寡德，夙纂洪緒。 不能緝熙遐邇，式遏姦宄。 逆臣桓玄乘釁肆亂，乃誣罔天人，篡據極位。 朕躬播越，淪胥荒裔，宣皇之基，眇焉以墜。 賴鎮軍將軍裕忠武英斷，誠冠終古。 運謀機始，貞賢協其契； 抆淚誓衆，義士感其心。 故霜戈一揮。 巨猾奔迸，三率棱威，大憝授首。 而孽振倡狂，嗣凶荊郢。 幸天祚社稷，義旗載捷，狡徒沮潰，朕獲反正。 斯實宗廟之靈，勤王之勳。 豈朕一人，獨享伊祜，思與億兆，幸茲更始。 其大赦，改元，唯玄振一祖及同黨不在原例。 賜百官爵二級，鰥寡孤獨穀人五斛，大酺五日。」
In the first month of Yixi 1 the emperor still resided at Jiangling. Lu Zongzhi, prefect of Nanyang, mustered loyalist forces and broke into Xiangyang. On jichou Liu Yi encamped at Matou. Huan Zhen planted the emperor's retinue at the river crossing above Jiangling. On xinmao Lu Zongzhi routed Wen Kai, a general of Huan Zhen, at Zuoxi, pushed on to camp south of the inner wall, but Huan Zhen then defeated him. Liu Daogui, general who rouses might, struck Huan Qian and put him to flight. With the throne set right again, the emperor and Sima Dewen, Prince of Langye, took refuge aboard Liu Daogui's ship. On wuxu an edict declared: "We, lacking in virtue, early took up the vast succession. We could not illumine the realm near and far nor stem treason at its root. The traitor Huan Xuan exploited disorder, hoodwinked Heaven and humanity, and seized the highest throne. We ourselves were driven into exile to the barbarous marches; the patrimony of Emperor Xuan hung by a thread. It was through Liu Yu, general who garrisons the army, whose loyalty, courage, and resolute genius surpass every precedent, that we were saved. From the very first stroke of planning, true men of worth moved in perfect concert with him; He brushed away tears and bound the army with oaths, and every man of honor felt his spirit answered. Then cold-shining steel swept down in one arc. The great traitor scattered in flight; the loyal hosts showed their terrible edge, and the ringleader was struck down. Yet that remnant Huan Zhen raged on, prolonging bloodshed across Jing and Ying. Heaven preserved the altars: the righteous standard triumphed, the crafty rabble melted away, and We are returned to the throne. This is the blessing of the imperial shrines and the valor of every lord who rose for the house of Jin. How could We hoard this grace? We mean to share this new beginning with every household under Heaven. We therefore order a great amnesty and a new reign title, exempting from grace only Huan Xuan, Huan Zhen, their shared lineage, and their hard-core accomplices. All officials shall rise two ranks in nobility; widowers, widows, orphans, and the destitute shall receive five hu of grain each; and the capital shall keep five days of public rejoicing."
74
二月丁巳，留臺備乘輿法駕，迎帝于江陵。 弘農太守戴寧之、建威主簿徐惠子等謀反，伏誅。 平西參軍譙縱害平西將軍、益州刺史毛璩，以蜀叛。
On dingsi in the second month the provisional administration arrayed the imperial carriages and escort to bring the sovereign home from Jiangling. Dai Ningzhi, prefect of Hongnong, Xu Huizi, chief clerk on the staff of the general who establishes might, and others conspired to revolt and were executed. Qiao Zong, aide to the general who pacifies the west, assassinated Mao Qu, general who pacifies the west and inspector of Yizhou, and raised Shu in rebellion.
75
三月，桓振復襲江陵，荊州刺史司馬休之奔于襄陽。 建威將軍劉懷肅討振，斬之。 帝至自江陵。 乙未，百官詣闕請罪。 詔曰：「此非諸卿之過，其還率職。」 戊戌，舉章皇后哀三日，臨于西堂。 劉裕及何無忌等抗表遜位，不許。 庚子，以琅邪王德文爲大司馬，武陵王遵爲太保，加鎮軍將軍劉裕爲侍中、車騎將軍、都督中外諸軍事。 甲辰，詔曰：「自頃國難之後，人物凋殘，常所供奉，猶不改舊，豈所以視人如傷，禹湯歸過之誡哉！ 可籌量減省。」
In the third month Huan Zhen struck Jiangling again; Sima Xiuzhi, inspector of Jingzhou, bolted to Xiangyang. Liu Huaisu, general who establishes might, attacked Huan Zhen and took his head. The emperor returned from Jiangling. On yiwei the entire bureaucracy presented itself at the gate to confess fault. The court announced: "None of you is at fault; go back to your offices." On wuxu the court observed three days of mourning for Empress Zhang, and the sovereign held vigil in the West Hall. Liu Yu, He Wuji, and their colleagues petitioned to resign their commands; the court refused. On gengzi Sima Dewen, Prince of Langye, became grand marshal; Sima Zun, Prince of Wuling, grand guardian; and Liu Yu, general who garrisons the army, added palace attendant, general of chariots and cavalry, and supreme area commander for forces throughout the realm. On jiachen the throne proclaimed: "After the calamities that have beset the realm, population and resources lie in ruins, yet palace outlays still follow the old scale—hardly the compassion due a bruised people, nor the self-reproach the sage kings Yu and Tang made their mirror. Let ministers calculate what may be pruned and spared."
76
夏四月，劉裕旋鎮京口。 戊辰，餞于東堂。
In the fourth month Liu Yu withdrew to his headquarters at Jingkou. On wuchen the court held a parting banquet in the East Hall.
77
五月癸未，禁絹扇及摴蒲。 遊擊將軍、章武王秀，益州刺史司馬軌之謀反，伏誅。 桓玄故將桓亮、苻宏、刁預寇湘州，守將擊走之。
On guiwei in the fifth month the use of silk fans and the chupu dice game was banned. Prince Sima Xiu of Zhangwu, general who roams and strikes, and Sima Gui-zhi, inspector of Yizhou, conspired to revolt and were put to death. Huan Liang, Fu Hong, and Diao Yu, old officers of Huan Xuan, struck Xiangzhou, but local defenders beat them back.
78
秋八月甲子，封臨川王子脩之爲會稽王。
On jiazi in the eighth month Sima Xiuzhi, son of the Prince of Linchuan, was invested as Prince of Guiji.
79
冬十一月，乞付乾歸伐仇池，仇池公楊盛大破之。
In the eleventh month Qifu Gan'gui campaigned against Chouchi; Yang Sheng, lord of Chouchi, shattered his army.
80
是歲，涼武昭王玄盛遣使奉表稱籓。
That year Li Gao, courtesy Xuansheng, the ruler later honored as Prince Wu-Zhao of Liang, sent envoys with a memorial acknowledging Jin suzerainty.
81
二年春正月，益州刺史司馬榮期擊譙縱將譙子明于白帝，破之。
In the first month of Yixi 2 Sima Rongqi, inspector of Yizhou, struck Qiao Ziming, a general of Qiao Zong, at Baidi and won.
82
夏五月，封高密王子法蓮爲高陽王。
In the fifth month Sima Falian, son of the Prince of Gaomi, was made prince of Gaoyang.
83
秋七月，梁州刺史楊孜敬有罪，伏誅。
In the seventh month Yang Zijing, inspector of Liangzhou, was convicted and put to death.
84
冬十月，論匡復之功，封車騎將軍劉裕爲豫章郡公，撫軍將軍劉毅南平郡公，右將軍何無忌安成郡公，自餘封賞各有差。 乙亥，以左將軍孔安國爲尚書左僕射。
In the tenth month the court graded rewards for the restoration: Liu Yu became duke of Yuzhang as general of chariots and cavalry, Liu Yi duke of Nanping as general who pacifies the army, He Wuji duke of Ancheng as general of the right, with other grants scaled to service. On yihai Kong Anguo, general of the left, was appointed left vice director of the secretariat.
85
十二月，盜殺零陵太守阮野。
In the twelfth month outlaws assassinated Ruan Ye, prefect of Lingling.
86
三年春二月己酉，車騎將軍劉裕來朝。 誅東陽太守殷仲文、南蠻校尉殷叔文、晉陵太守殷道叔、永嘉太守駱球。 己丑，大赦，除酒禁。
On jiyou in the second month of Yixi 3 Liu Yu, general of chariots and cavalry, attended court. Yin Zhongwen, prefect of Dongyang, Yin Shuwen, colonel of the southern barbarians, Yin Daoshu, prefect of Jinling, and Luo Qiu, prefect of Yongjia, were put to death. On jichou the court declared a general amnesty and repealed the ban on wine.
87
夏五月，大水。
In the fifth month floods inundated wide areas.
88
六月，姚興將赫連勃勃僭稱天王于朔方，國號夏。
In the sixth month Helian Bobo, a general of Yao Xing, proclaimed himself heavenly king at Shuofang and founded the state of Xia.
89
秋七月戊戌朔，日有蝕之。 汝南王遵之有罪，伏誅。
New moon on wuxu in the seventh month: the sun was eclipsed. Sima Youzhi, Prince of Runan, was convicted and executed.
90
八月，遣冠軍將軍劉敬宣持節監征蜀諸軍事。
In the eighth month Liu Jingxuan, general who wins the championship, received the baton to oversee the Shu campaign.
91
冬十一月，赫連勃勃大敗禿髮傉檀，傉檀奔于南山。
In the eleventh month Helian Bobo routed Tufa Rutan, who fled into the southern hills.
92
是歲，高雲、馮跋殺慕容熙，雲僭卽帝位。
That year Gao Yun and Feng Ba killed Murong Xi; Gao Yun then unlawfully took the throne.
93
四年春正月甲辰，以琅邪王德文領司徒，車騎將軍劉裕爲揚州刺史、錄尚書事。 庚申，侍中、太保、武陵王遵薨。
On jiachen in the first month of Yixi 4 Sima Dewen, Prince of Langye, added the ministry of education to his titles, while Liu Yu became inspector of Yangzhou and chief of secretariat affairs. On gengshen Sima Zun, palace attendant, grand guardian, and Prince of Wuling, died.
94
夏四月，散騎常侍、尚書左僕射孔安國卒。 甲午，加吏部尚書孟昶尚書左僕射。
In the fourth month Kong Anguo, regular cavalier attendant and left vice director of the secretariat, died. On jiawu Meng Chang, minister of personnel, was also named left vice director of the secretariat.
95
冬十一月辛卯，雷。 梁州刺史楊思平有罪，棄市。 癸丑，大風拔樹。 是月，禿髮傉檀僭卽涼王位。
On xinmao in the eleventh month thunder rolled out of season. Yang Siping, inspector of Liangzhou, was convicted and executed in the public square. On guichou a gale tore trees from the ground. That month Tufa Rutan unlawfully proclaimed himself king of Liang.
96
五年春正月辛卯，大赦。 庚戌，以撫軍將軍劉毅爲衛將軍、開府儀同三司，加輔國將軍何無忌鎮南將軍。 庚戌，尋陽地震。
On xinmao in the first month of Yixi 5 the court ordered a general amnesty. On gengxu Liu Yi, general who pacifies the army, became general who guards the state with three-excellency honors, while He Wuji, general who supports the state, added the title general who guards the south. On gengxu the same day Xunyang was shaken by an earthquake.
97
二月，慕容超將慕容興宗寇宿豫，陽平太守劉千載、南陽太守趙元並爲賊所執。
In the second month Murong Xingzong, Murong Chao's general, struck Suyu; Liu Qianzai, prefect of Yangping, and Zhao Yuan, prefect of Nanyang, were taken by the enemy.
98
三月己亥，大雪，平地數尺。 車騎將軍劉裕帥師伐慕容超。 夏六月丙寅，震于太廟。 劉裕大破慕容超于臨朐。
On jihai in the third month a blizzard piled snow several feet deep even on the flats. Liu Yu, general of chariots and cavalry, marched against Murong Chao. On bingyin in the sixth month lightning blasted the ancestral temple. Liu Yu shattered Murong Chao's army at Linqu.
99
秋七月，姚興將乞伏乾歸僭稱西秦王于苑川。
In the seventh month Qifu Gan'gui, a general of Yao Xing, proclaimed himself king of Western Qin at Yuanchuan.
100
九月戊辰，離班弑高雲，雲將馮跋攻班，殺之。 跋僭卽王位，仍號燕。
On wuchen in the ninth month Li Ban murdered Gao Yun; Feng Ba, Yun's officer, turned on Li Ban and slew him. Feng Ba then unlawfully took the throne and continued to call his realm Yan.
101
冬十月，魏清河王紹弑其主珪。
In the tenth month Tuoba Shao, Prince of Qinghe of Wei, assassinated his sovereign Tuoba Gui.
102
六年春正月丁亥，劉裕攻慕容超，克之，齊地悉平。 是月，廣州刺史盧循反，寇江州。
On dinghai in the first month of Yixi 6 Liu Yu stormed Murong Chao's defenses, captured him, and brought the whole of Qi under control. That same month Lu Xun, inspector of Guangzhou, rose in revolt and struck Jiangzhou.
103
三月，禿髮傉檀及沮渠蒙遜戰于窮泉，傉檀敗績。 壬申，鎮南將軍、江州刺史何無忌及循戰于豫章，王師敗績，無忌死之。
In the third month Tufa Rutan met Juqu Mengxun at Qiongquan and suffered a crushing defeat. On renshen He Wuji, general who guards the south and inspector of Jiangzhou, engaged Lu Xun at Yuzhang; government troops collapsed and He Wuji fell.
104
夏四月，青州刺史諸葛長民、兗州刺史劉籓、幷州刺史劉道憐乃入衛京師。
In the fourth month Zhuge Changmin of Qingzhou, Liu Fan of Yanzhou, and Liu Daolian of Bingzhou marched to the capital's relief.
105
五月丙子，大風，拔木。 戊子，衛將軍劉毅及盧循戰于桑落洲，王師敗績。 尚書左僕射孟昶懼，自殺。 己未，大赦。 乙丑，循至淮口，內外戒嚴。 大司馬、琅邪王德文都督宮城諸軍事，次中皇堂，太尉劉裕次石頭，梁王珍之屯南掖門，冠軍將軍劉敬宣屯北郊，輔國將軍孟懷玉屯南岸，建武將軍王仲德屯越城，廣武將軍劉懷默屯建陽門，淮口築柤浦、藥園、廷尉三壘以距之。 丙寅，震太廟鴟尾。
On bingzi in the fifth month a violent wind tore up trees. On wuzi Liu Yi, general who guards the state, met Lu Xun at Sangluo Islet and the loyalist army was shattered. Meng Chang, left vice director of the secretariat, took his own life in panic. On jiwei the court proclaimed a general amnesty. On yichou Lu Xun's fleet reached the Huai estuary and the capital went on full alert. Sima Dewen, grand marshal and Prince of Langye, took overall command of palace defenses from the Central Imperial Hall; Liu Yu, grand commandant, held Stone Fortress; Prince Zhenzhi of Liang sealed the south portal; Liu Jingxuan covered the northern outskirts; Meng Huaiyu, general who supports the state, lined the south bank; Wang Zhongde, general who establishes might, took Yuecheng; Liu Huaimo, general who displays might, guarded Jianyang Gate; and three field forts rose at Zhapu, Yaoyuan, and the commandant of justice's compound at the Huai mouth to bar Lu Xun's advance. On bingyin lightning shattered the ceramic owl-tail on the temple roof.
106
秋七月庚申，盧循遁走。 甲子，使輔國將軍王仲德、廣川太守劉鐘、河間內史蒯恩等帥衆追之。 是月，盧循寇荊州，刺史劉道規、雍州刺史魯宗之等敗之。 又破徐道覆于華容，賊復走尋陽。
On gengshen in the seventh month Lu Xun broke off and ran. On jiazi Wang Zhongde, Liu Zhong, prefect of Guangchuan, and Kuai En, interior secretary of Hejian, were ordered to pursue the rebels. That month Lu Xun struck Jingzhou but Liu Daogui, Lu Zongzhi of Yongzhou, and their allies beat him back. They next routed Xu Daofu at Huarong, driving the rebels once more toward Xunyang.
107
八月，姚興將桓謙寇江陵，劉道規敗之。
In the eighth month Huan Qian, a general of Yao Xing, attacked Jiangling; Liu Daogui repulsed him.
108
冬十一月，蜀賊譙縱陷巴東，守將溫祚、時延祖死之。
In the eleventh month the Shu rebel Qiao Zong seized Badong; Wen Zuo and Shi Yanzu, the defenders, were killed.
109
十二月壬辰，劉裕破盧循于豫章。
On renchen in the twelfth month Liu Yu crushed Lu Xun at Yuzhang.
110
七年春二月壬午，右將軍劉籓斬徐道覆于始興，傳首京師。
On renwu in the second month of Yixi 7 Liu Fan, general of the right, executed Xu Daofu at Shixing and forwarded his head to the capital.
111
夏四月，盧循走交州，刺史杜慧度斬之。
In the fourth month Lu Xun bolted to Jiaozhou, where Du Huidu, the inspector, cut him down.
112
秋七月丁卯，以荊州刺史劉道規爲征西大將軍、開府儀同三司。
On dingmao in the seventh month Liu Daogui, inspector of Jingzhou, was promoted to grand general who conquers the west with three-excellency honors.
113
冬十月，沮渠蒙遜伐涼，涼武昭王玄盛與戰，敗之。
In the tenth month Juqu Mengxun invaded Western Liang; Li Gao, styled Xuansheng, met him in battle and won.
114
八年春二月丙子，以吳興太守孔靖爲尚書右僕射。
On bingzi in the second month of Yixi 8 Kong Jing, prefect of Wuxing, became right vice director of the secretariat.
115
三月甲寅，山陰地陷四尺，有聲如雷。
On jiayin in the third month the earth at Shanyin dropped four feet amid a noise like thunder.
116
夏五月，乞伏公府弑乞伏乾歸，乾歸子熾盤誅公府，僭卽偽位。
In the fifth month Qifu Gongfu assassinated Qifu Gan'gui; Qifu Chipan, his son, killed Gongfu and seized the usurped throne.
117
六月，以平北將軍魯宗之爲鎮北將軍。
In the sixth month Lu Zongzhi, general who pacifies the north, was promoted to general who guards the north.
118
秋七月甲午，武陵王季度薨。 庚子，征西大將軍劉道規卒。
On jiawu in the seventh month Sima Jidu, Prince of Wuling, died. On gengzi Liu Daogui, grand general who conquers the west, died.
119
八月，皇后王氏崩。 辛亥，高密王純之薨。
In the eighth month Empress Wang passed away. On xinhai Sima Chunzhi, Prince of Gaomi, died.
120
九月癸酉，葬僖皇后于休平陵。 己卯，太尉劉裕害右將軍兗州刺史劉籓、尚書左僕射謝混。 庚辰，裕矯詔曰：「劉毅苞藏禍心，構逆南夏，籓、混助亂，志肆姦宄。 賴寧輔玄鑒，撫機挫銳，凶黨卽戮，社稷乂安。 夫好生之德，所因者本，肆眚覃仁，實資玄澤。 況事興大憝，禍自元凶。 其大赦天下，唯劉毅不在其例。 普增文武位一等。 孝順忠義，隱滯遺逸，必令聞達。」 己丑，劉裕帥師討毅。 裕參軍王鎮惡陷江陵城，毅自殺。
On guiyou in the ninth month Empress Xi was interred at Xiuping Mausoleum. On jimao Liu Yu, grand commandant, had Liu Fan, general of the right and inspector of Yanzhou, and Xie Hun, left vice director of the secretariat, put to death. On gengchen Liu Yu forged a rescript declaring that Liu Yi had nursed treason and rebelled in the south, while Liu Fan and Xie Hun abetted him in open wickedness. Through the keen judgment of the ministers at court, who grasped the crisis and blunted the conspiracy, the traitors were cut down at once and the dynasty restored to peace. The mercy that cherishes life grows from its deepest source; to widen amnesty and shower grace rests on Heaven's hidden favor. Moreover, since the plot stemmed from the arch-traitor himself, guilt lies with the ringleader alone. Let a great amnesty sweep the realm—Liu Yi alone stands outside its mercy. All civil and military officials shall rise one rank. Men noted for filial piety, loyalty, or righteousness, and talent long overlooked, must be recommended until the throne knows their names." On jichou Liu Yu took the field against Liu Yi. Wang Zhen'e, an officer on Liu Yu's staff, stormed Jiangling; Liu Yi committed suicide.
121
冬十一月，沮渠蒙遜僭號河西王。
In the eleventh month Juqu Mengxun proclaimed himself king of Hexi.
122
十二月，以西陵太守朱齡石爲建威將軍、益州刺史，帥師伐蜀。 分荊州十郡置湘州。
In the twelfth month Zhu Lingshi, prefect of Xiling, became general who establishes might and inspector of Yizhou and marched on Shu. The court carved ten commanderies from Jingzhou to create a new Xiangzhou.
123
是歲，廬陵、南康地四震。
That year Luling and Nankang each felt four tremors.
124
九年春三月丙寅，劉裕害前將軍諸葛長民及其弟輔國大將軍黎民、從弟寧朔將軍秀之。 戊寅，加劉裕鎮西將軍、豫州刺史。 林邑范胡達寇九真，交州刺史杜慧度斬之。
On bingyin in the third month of Yixi 9 Liu Yu executed Zhuge Changmin, former general, his brother Zhuge Limin, grand general who supports the state, and his cousin Zhuge Xiuzhi, general who calms the northern frontier. On wuyin Liu Yu added the titles general who garrisons the west and inspector of Yuzhou. Fan Huda of Linyi struck Jiuzhen; Du Huidu, inspector of Jiaozhou, slew him.
125
夏四月壬戌，罷臨沂、湖熟皇后脂澤田四十頃，以賜貧人，弛湖池之禁。 封鎮北將軍魯宗之爲南陽郡公。
On renxu in the fourth month the court surrendered forty qing of the empress's cosmetic estates at Linyi and Hushu to the needy and lifted restrictions on fishing the palace waters. Lu Zongzhi, general who guards the north, was invested duke of Nanyang.
126
秋七月，朱齡石克成都，斬譙縱，益州平。
In the seventh month Zhu Lingshi seized Chengdu, executed Qiao Zong, and brought Yizhou to peace.
127
九月，封劉裕次子義真爲桂陽公。
In the ninth month Liu Yizhen, Liu Yu's second son, became duke of Guiyang.
128
冬十二月，安平王球之薨。
In the twelfth month Sima Qiuzhi, Prince of Anping, died.
129
是歲，高句麗、倭國及西南夷銅頭大師並獻方物。
That year envoys arrived from Koguryŏ, from Wa, and from the southwestern tribes led by the chieftain Tongtou Dashī, each bearing tribute.
130
十年春三月戊寅，地震。
On wuyin in the third month of Yixi 10 the earth shook.
131
夏六月，乞伏熾盤帥師伐禿髮傉檀，滅之。
In the sixth month Qifu Chipan marched on Tufa Rutan and extinguished his state.
132
秋七月，淮北大風，壞廬舍。
In the seventh month a gale north of the Huai tore through dwellings.
133
九月丁巳朔，日有蝕之。 林邑遣使來獻方物。
New moon on dingsi in the ninth month: the sun was eclipsed. The kingdom of Linyi sent envoys with gifts of tribute.
134
是歲，城東府。
That year work began on fortifying the Eastern Offices residence.
135
十一年春正月，荊州刺史司馬休之、雍州刺史魯宗之並舉兵貳於劉裕，裕帥師討之。 庚午，大赦。 丁丑，以吏部尚書謝裕爲尚書左僕射。
In the first month of Yixi 11 Sima Xiuzhi of Jingzhou and Lu Zongzhi of Yongzhou rose against Liu Yu, who took the field to suppress them. On gengwu the court declared a general amnesty. On dingchou Xie Yu, minister of personnel, became left vice director of the secretariat.
136
二月丁未，姚興死，子泓嗣偽位。
On dingwei in the second month Yao Xing died; his son Yao Hong succeeded to his usurped throne.
137
三月辛巳，淮陵王蘊薨。 壬午，劉裕及休之戰于江津，休之敗，奔襄陽。
On xinsi in the third month Sima Yun, Prince of Huailing, died. On renwu Liu Yu engaged Sima Xiuzhi at the river crossing; Xiuzhi lost and bolted to Xiangyang.
138
夏四月乙卯，青、冀二州刺史劉敬宣爲其參軍司馬道賜所害。
On yimao in the fourth month Liu Jingxuan, joint inspector of Qing and Ji, was assassinated by his staff officer Sima Daoci.
139
五月甲申，彗星二見。 甲午，休之、宗之出奔于姚泓。 論平蜀功，封劉裕子義隆彭城公，朱齡石豐城公。 己酉，霍山崩，出銅鐘六枚。 秋七月丙戌，京師大水，壞太廟。 辛亥晦，日有蝕之。
On jiashen in the fifth month two comets were sighted. On jiawu Sima Xiuzhi and Lu Zongzhi crossed the border to take refuge with Yao Hong. For the Shu campaign Liu Yilong, Liu Yu's son, received the duchy of Pengcheng and Zhu Lingshi that of Fengcheng. On jiyou Mount Huo gave way, disgorging six bronze bells. On bingxu in the seventh month a flood struck the capital and harmed the ancestral temple. On xinhai, month's end, an eclipse of the sun occurred.
140
八月丁未，尚書左僕射謝裕卒，以尚書右僕射劉穆之爲尚書左僕射。
On dingwei in the eighth month Xie Yu, left vice director of the secretariat, died; Liu Muzhi, right vice director, succeeded him on the left.
141
九月己亥，大赦。
On jihai in the ninth month the court ordered a general amnesty.
142
十二年春正月，姚泓使其將魯軌寇襄陽，雍州刺史趙倫之擊走之。
In the first month of Yixi 12 Yao Hong dispatched Lu Gui against Xiangyang, but Zhao Lunzhi, inspector of Yongzhou, repulsed him.
143
二月，加劉裕中外大都督。
In the second month Liu Yu received the added title supreme commander for all forces at court and in the field.
144
夏六月，赫連勃勃攻姚泓秦州，陷之。 己酉，新除尚書令、都鄉亭侯劉柳卒。
In the sixth month Helian Bobo stormed Qinzhou for Later Qin and seized it. On jiyou Liu Liu, newly named director of the secretariat and Marquis of Duxiang village, died.
145
秋八月，劉裕及琅邪王德文帥衆伐姚泓。 丙午，大赦。
In the eighth month Liu Yu and Sima Dewen, Prince of Langye, marched against Yao Hong. On bingwu a general amnesty was declared.
146
冬十月丙寅，姚泓將姚光以洛陽降。 己丑，遣兼司空、高密王恢之修謁五陵。
On bingyin in the tenth month Yao Guang, a general of Yao Hong, capitulated with Luoyang. On jichou Sima Huizhi, Prince of Gaomi, holding concurrent minister of works, was dispatched to sweep and sacrifice at the five mausolea.
147
十三年春正月甲戌朔，日有蝕之。
New moon on jiaxu in the first month of Yixi 13: the sun was eclipsed.
148
二月，涼武昭王李玄盛薨，世子士業嗣位爲涼州牧、涼公。
In the second month Li Gao, posthumously Prince Wu-Zhao of Liang, died; his heir Li Shiye became governor of Liangzhou and duke of Liang.
149
三月，龍驤將軍王鎮惡大破姚泓將姚紹于潼關。
In the third month Wang Zhen'e, general who rouses the dragon, shattered Yao Shao, Yao Hong's general, at Tong Pass.
150
夏，劉裕敗魏將鵝青于河曲，斬青裨將阿薄干。 是月，涼公李士業大敗沮渠蒙遜于鮮支澗。
That summer Liu Yu routed the Wei commander E Qing in a river bend and slew his subordinate Abogan. That same month Li Shiye, duke of Liang, crushed Juqu Mengxun at Xianzhi Stream.
151
五月，劉裕克潼關。 丁亥，會稽王脩之薨。 六月癸亥，林邑獻馴象、白鸚鵡。
In the fifth month Liu Yu forced Tong Pass. On dinghai Sima Xiuzhi, Prince of Guiji, died. On guihai in the sixth month Linyi offered trained elephants and white cockatoos.
152
秋七月，劉裕克長安，執姚泓，收其彝器，歸諸京師。 南海賊徐道期陷廣州，始興相劉謙之討平之。
In the seventh month Liu Yu entered Chang'an, took Yao Hong prisoner, confiscated the dynastic tripods, and forwarded them to Jiankang. The pirate Xu Daoqi from the southern sea seized Guangzhou; Liu Qianzhi, minister of Shixing, suppressed him.
153
冬十一月辛未，左僕射、前將軍劉穆之卒。
On xinwei in the eleventh month Liu Muzhi, left vice director of the secretariat and former general, died.
154
十四年春正月辛巳，大赦。 青州刺史沈田子害龍驤將軍王鎮惡于長安。
On xinsi in the first month of Yixi 14 the court proclaimed a general amnesty. Shen Tianzi, inspector of Qingzhou, assassinated Wang Zhen'e, general who rouses the dragon, at Chang'an.
155
夏六月，劉裕爲相國，進封宋公。
In the sixth month Liu Yu became minister of state and was promoted to duke of Song.
156
冬十月，以涼公士業爲鎮西將軍，封酒泉公。
In the tenth month Li Shiye, duke of Liang, was named general who garrisons the west and invested duke of Jiuquan.
157
十一月，赫連勃勃大敗王師于青泥北。 雍州刺史朱齡石焚長安宮殿，奔于潼關。 尋又大潰，齡石死之。
In the eleventh month Helian Bobo routed government troops north of Qingni. Zhu Lingshi, inspector of Yongzhou, set fire to the Chang'an palaces and bolted to Tong Pass. Soon the army collapsed again, and Zhu Lingshi perished in the disaster.
158
十二月戊寅，帝崩于東堂，時年三十七。 葬休平陵。
On wuyin in the twelfth month the emperor expired in the East Hall at the age of thirty-seven. They laid him to rest at Xiuping Mausoleum.
159
帝不惠，自少及長，口不能言，雖寒暑之變，無以辯也。 凡所動止，皆非己出。 故桓玄之纂，因此獲全。 初讖云「昌明之後有二帝」，劉裕將爲禪代，故密使王韶之縊帝而立恭帝，以應二帝云。
The emperor was mentally impaired: from boyhood he never learned to speak and could not distinguish warmth from cold. Every move he made was dictated for him; he issued no orders of his own. That was how he survived Huan Xuan's usurpation unscathed. A prophecy had long read, “After Changming come two emperors”; when Liu Yu prepared to seize the throne, he secretly ordered Wang Shaozhi to throttle the sovereign and install Emperor Gong, matching the omen of two reigns.
160
義熙五年，置左右長史、司馬、從事中郎四人，加羽葆鼓吹。
In Yixi 5 the court added four adjutant posts—left and right senior and junior clerks, marshals, and secretaries—with feathered canopy and martial music for the prince's train.
161
十二年，詔曰：「大司馬明德懋親，大尉道勳光大，並徽序彝倫，燮和二氣，髦俊引領，思佐鼎飪。 而雅尚沖挹，四門弗辟，誠合大雅謙虛之道，實違急賢贊世之務。 昔蒲輪載徵，異人並出，東平開府，奇士向臻，濟濟之盛，朕有欽焉。 可敕二府，依舊辟召，必將明敭俊乂，嗣軌前賢矣。」 於是始辟召掾屬。 時太尉裕都督中外諸軍，詔曰：「大司馬地隆任重，親賢莫貳。 雖府受節度，可身無致敬。」
In Yixi 12 a rescript declared: "The grand marshal's luminous virtue honors the blood royal; the grand commandant's achievement magnifies the Way; together they array the moral order and tune yin and yang, and every brilliant talent strains to join in refining the great stew. Yet they cling to lofty reserve and keep their gates closed to nominees—noble humility, to be sure, but it frustrates the pressing need to enlist sages for the realm. Once the cushioned cart summoned men of genius until they crowded the capital; when the Prince of Dongping opened his headquarters, strange worthies flocked in—such flourishing excellence moves Our deepest respect. Charge both administrations to resume normal appointment of staff, that they may lift up the excellent and follow the example of past sages." Recruitment of aides to the two bureaus began from that day. While Liu Yu as grand commandant commanded every army, the throne proclaimed: "The grand marshal's rank is lofty and his charge weighty; among kinsmen and worthies he stands without rival. Though his office answers to your staff orders, you may omit in person the ritual bows otherwise due."
162
劉裕之北征也，帝上疏，請帥所莅，啓行戎路，修敬山陵。 朝廷從之，乃與裕俱發。 及有司以卽戎不得奉辭陵廟，帝復上疏曰：「臣推轂閫外，將革寒暑，不獲展情埏璲私心罔極。 伏願天慈，特垂聽許，使臣微誠粗申，卽路無恨。」 許之。 及姚泓滅，歸于京都。
When Liu Yu went north the emperor memorialized, asking to take command of his own jurisdiction, join the campaign route, and sweep the imperial tombs. The court assented, and the sovereign traveled with Liu Yu. When officials said martial law barred visits to the temples, the emperor wrote again: "Your servant drives the war chariot beyond the passes and will endure summer and winter; barred from the tombs, my heart finds no rest. I beg Heaven's mercy to grant a special hearing, that this humble devotion may find partial voice and I may take the road without regret." The court granted his plea. After Yao Hong fell, the emperor returned to the capital.
163
十四年十二月戊寅，安帝崩。 劉裕矯稱遺詔曰：「唯我有晉，誕膺明命，業隆九有，光宅四海。 朕以不德，屬當多難，幸賴宰輔，拯厥顛覆。 仍恃保祐，克黜禍亂，遂冕旒辰極，混一六合。 方憑阿衡，惟新洪業，而遘疾大漸，將遂弗興。 仰惟祖宗靈命。 親賢是荷。 咨爾大司馬、琅邪王，體自先皇，明德光懋，屬惟儲貳，衆望攸集。 其君臨晉邦，奉係宗祀，允執其中，燮和天下。 闡揚末誥，無廢我高祖之景命。」 是日，卽帝位，大赦。
On wuyin in the twelfth month of Yixi 14 Emperor An died. Liu Yu forged a dying rescript: "Our house of Jin alone has received the luminous charge; its work rises over the nine domains and its glory floods the four seas. We, lacking in virtue, met repeated calamities, yet leaned on the chief ministers to lift us from ruin. Still trusting their guardianship, we drove off plague and rebellion, mounted the throne at the zenith, and brought the six quarters under one rule. We looked to lean on an Yi Yin for this age and renew the grand task, yet grave illness deepens and We shall not recover. We lift Our eyes to the spirit-mandate of the ancestral kings. The charge rests with the worthy among Our kin. We hereby name you, grand marshal, Prince of Langye, sprung from the late emperor, of shining virtue and towering merit, the destined heir on whom every hope converges. Rule the state of Jin, maintain the temple offerings, keep to the central way, and bring harmony to the realm. Publish these last instructions; do not cast away the bright mandate of Our founding forebear." That same day he ascended the throne and ordered a general amnesty.
164
元熙元年春正月壬辰朔，改元。 以山陵未厝，不朝會。 立皇后褚氏。 甲午，徵劉裕還朝。 戊戌，有星孛于太微西籓。 庚申，葬安皇帝于休平陵。 帝受朝，懸而不樂。 以驃騎將軍劉道憐爲司空。
Spring, first month of Yuanxi 1, new moon on renchen: the reign title was changed to Yuanxi. Court audiences were suspended while the late sovereign's tomb remained unfinished. Lady Chu was enthroned as empress. On jiawu Liu Yu was recalled to the capital. On wuxu a comet blazed along the western fence of the Supreme Palace constellation. On gengshen Emperor An was interred at Xiuping Mausoleum. The new emperor held audience with the bells stilled and the orchestra silent. Liu Daolian, general of agile cavalry, was appointed minister of works.
165
秋八月，劉裕移鎮壽陽。 以劉懷慎爲前將軍、北徐州刺史，鎮彭城。
In the eighth month Liu Yu shifted his base to Shouyang. Liu Huaishen became former general and inspector of northern Xuzhou, with headquarters at Pengcheng.
166
九月，劉裕自解揚州。
In the ninth month Liu Yu relinquished the governorship of Yangzhou.
167
冬十月乙酉，裕以其子桂陽公義真爲揚州刺史。
On yiyou in the tenth month Liu Yu named his son Liu Yizhen, duke of Guiyang, inspector of Yangzhou.
168
十一月丁亥朔，日有蝕之。
New moon on dinghai in the eleventh month: the sun was eclipsed.
169
十二月辛卯，裕加殊禮。 己卯，太史奏，黑龍四見于東方。
On xinmao in the twelfth month Liu Yu received exceptional ceremonial privileges. On jimao the director of astronomy reported four sightings of black dragons in the eastern sky.
170
二年夏六月壬戌，劉裕至于京師。 傅亮承裕密旨，諷帝禪位，草詔，請帝書之。 帝欣然謂左右曰：「晉氏久已失之，今復何恨。」 乃書赤紙爲詔。 甲子，遂遜于琅邪第。 劉裕以帝爲零陵王，居于秣陵，行晉正朔，車旗服色一如其舊，有其文而不備其禮。 帝自是之後，深慮禍機，褚後常在帝側，飲食所資，皆出褚后，故宋人莫得伺其隟，宋永初二年九月丁丑，裕使後兄叔度請后； 有間，兵人逾垣而入，弑帝于內房。 時年三十六。 諡恭皇帝，葬沖平陵。
On renxu in the sixth month of Yuanxi 2 Liu Yu arrived at the capital. Fu Liang, carrying Liu Yu's private orders, urged abdication, composed the text, and bade the emperor trace it in his own brush. The emperor turned happily to his attendants and said, “The Jin mandate slipped away ages ago; I feel no bitterness now.” He thereupon brushed the abdication rescript on red paper. On jiazi he abdicated at the Langye princely residence. Liu Yu demoted him to prince of Lingling, quartered him at Moling, let him keep the Jin calendar and insignia as before, granting him the titles on paper while withholding full court ceremony. Thereafter the sovereign lived in dread of assassination; Empress Chu never left his side, tasting and supplying every meal so Liu Yu's agents found no chink—until dingchou in the ninth month of Yongchu 2, when Liu Yu sent her brother Chu Shudu to lure her from the chamber; Moments later soldiers scaled the wall, broke in, and slew him in his private rooms. He was thirty-six years of age. They canonized him as Emperor Gong and laid him to rest at Chongping Mausoleum.
171
帝幼時性頗忍急，及在籓國，曾令善射者射馬爲戲。 旣而有人云：「馬者國姓，而自殺之，不祥之甚。」 帝亦悟，甚悔之。 其後復深信浮屠道，鑄貨千萬，造丈六金像，親于瓦官寺迎之，步從十許里。 安帝旣不惠，帝每侍左右，消息溫涼寢食之節，以恭謹聞，時人稱焉。
As a boy he was harsh and hasty; after receiving his princely domain he once made expert bowmen use live horses for target practice. A courtier warned him: "Horse matches the imperial name; shooting it yourself is the worst of omens." The prince took the point and bitterly regretted the sport. He later embraced Buddhism fervently, spending millions in coin on a sixteen-foot gilt statue, which he met in person at Waguan Monastery and escorted on foot for ten li or more. Because Emperor An could not care for himself, the prince waited on him without fail, tending every comfort of heat, cold, food, and sleep, and earned a name for dutiful devotion that contemporaries admired.
172
始，元帝以丁丑歲稱晉王，置宗廟，使郭璞筮之，云「享二百年。」 自丁丑至禪代之歲，年在庚申，爲一百四歲。 然丁丑始係西晉，庚申終入宋年，所餘惟一百有二歲耳。 璞蓋以百二之期促，故婉而倒之爲二百也。
When Emperor Yuan first took the title Prince of Jin in the dingchou year, he founded the dynastic shrine and asked Guo Pu to divine by milfoil; the oracle read that the house would endure two hundred years. From dingchou down to the abdication year gengshen is only one hundred four years by the count. Yet dingchou marks only Western Jin's start, while gengshen falls under Song—so the true span is just one hundred two years. Guo Pu, seeing how brief one hundred two years would sound, softened the blow by reversing the digits to two hundred.
173
史臣曰：安帝卽位之辰，鐘無妄之日，道子、元顯並傾朝政，主昏臣亂，未有如斯不亡者也。 雖有手握戎麾，心存舊國，迴首無良，忽焉蕭散。 於是桓玄乘釁，勢逾飆指，六師咸泯，隻馬徂遷。 是以宋高非典午之臣，孫恩豈金行之寇。 若乃世遇顛覆，則恭皇斯甚。 於越之民，詎熏丹穴，會稽之侶，寧歎入臣。 去皇屋而歸來，灑丹書而不恨。 夫五運攸革，三微數盡，猶高秋彫候，理之自然。 觀其搖落，人有爲之流漣者也。
The historians write: Emperor An came to the throne on an auspicious day, yet Sima Daozi and Sima Yuanxian wrecked the government together—never was a court so blinded by its prince and so ruined by its ministers without paying the price of extinction. Some still held batons of war and longed for the former dynasty, yet they turned and saw no worthy support, and in a breath thinned away like chaff on the wind. Then Huan Xuan exploited the breach; his surge outran the whirlwind—the loyalist hosts vanished, and the court fled on a handful of horses. So Liu Yu was never a true servant of the Sima line, and Sun En was never simply a spoiler of the metal-phase Jin—both were forces that unmade the dynasty. Among reigns that knew total collapse, none was graver than that of Emperor Gong. The southeast did not rise to scorched-earth extremes; the Kuaiji elite were spared the worst shame of forced submission—yet the throne fell all the same. Some could leave the palace and still draw breath; some could read their death warrant in red ink yet feel little lasting spite—such was the strange mercy and cruelty of the hour. When the five phases revolve and the three micro-calendars run out, it is as in late autumn when the frost takes the leaves—inevitable law. To watch that shedding still moves a reader to sorrow.
174
贊曰：安承流湎，大盜斯張。 恭乃寓命，他人是綱。 猶存周赧，始立懷王。 虛尊假號，異術同亡。
The verdict runs: An took a legacy awash in drink, and the arch-thief spread his snare. Gong was a guest on the throne; another pulled every rope. He resembled King Nan of late Zhou, or Emperor Huai of Chu—raised up in name alone. Hollow honor and borrowed style—odd pageantry, but the same annihilation in the end.