1
玄宗三十子：元獻楊皇后生肅宗，劉華妃生奉天皇帝琮、靖恭太子琬、儀王璲，趙麗妃生廢太子瑛，錢妃生棣王琰，皇甫德儀生鄂王瑤，劉才人生光王琚，貞順武皇后生夏悼王一、懷哀王敏、壽王瑁、盛王琦，高婕妤生潁王璬、郭順儀生永王璘，柳婕妤生延王玢，鐘美人生濟王環，盧美人生信王瑝，閻才人生義王玭，王美人生陳王珪，陳美人生豐王珙，鄭才人生恆王瑱，武賢儀生涼王璿，汴哀王璥，余七王早夭。
Emperor Xuanzong had thirty sons. Empress Yuanxian of the Yang clan was the mother of Suzong. Consort Liu Hua bore the Fengtian Emperor Cong, the Jinggong Heir Apparent Wan, and Prince of Yi Lin. Consort Zhao Li bore the deposed Crown Prince Ying; Consort Qian, Prince of Di Yan; Lady Huangfu Deyi, Prince of E Yao; Lady Liu, Prince of Guang Ju. Empress Zhenshun Wu bore Prince Xia Ci Yi, Prince Huai'ai Min, Prince of Shou Mao, and Prince of Sheng Qi. Lady Gao bore Prince of Ying Li; Lady Guo Shunyi, Prince of Yong Lin; Lady Liu, Prince of Yan Bin; Lady Zhong, Prince of Ji Huan; Lady Lu, Prince of Xin Huang; Lady Yan, Prince of Yi Ni; Lady Wang, Prince of Chen Gui; Lady Chen, Prince of Feng Gong; Lady Zheng, Prince of Heng Zhen; Lady Wu Xianyi, Prince of Liang Xuan and Prince of Bian Aihuan Jin. The remaining seven princes died in early childhood.
2
廢太子瑛，玄宗第二子也，本名嗣謙。 景雲元年九月，封真定郡王。 先天元年八月，進封郢王。 開元三年正月，立為皇太子。 七年正月，加元服。 其年，玄宗又令太子詣國子學行齒胄之禮，仍敕右散騎常侍褚無量升筵講論，學官及文武百官節級加賜。 十三年，改名鴻，納妃薛氏，禮畢，曲赦京城之內，侍講潘肅等並加級改職，中書令蕭嵩親迎，特封徐國公。 二十五年七月，改名瑛。
The deposed Crown Prince Ying was Xuanzong's second son; his birth name was Siqian. In the ninth month of Jingyun 1 (710), he was created Prince of Zhending. In the eighth month of Xiantian 1 (712), he was promoted to Prince of Ying. In the first month of Kaiyuan 3 (715), he was named crown prince. In the first month of that year (Kaiyuan 7), he underwent the coming-of-age ceremony. That year Xuanzong also had the crown prince visit the Imperial Academy to perform the ceremony of taking his place among the capped students. He ordered Chu Wuliang, Right Regular Attendant of the Cavalry, to mount the lectern and discourse, and granted stepped bonuses to the academic officials and to the civil and military officers. In Kaiyuan 13 he was renamed Hong. After he took Lady Xue as his consort and the wedding rites were finished, the court proclaimed a partial amnesty for the capital. Lecturers including Pan Su were promoted and reassigned. Chief Minister Xiao Song went in person to welcome the bride, and Ying was specially created Duke of Xu. In the seventh month of Kaiyuan 25 (737), he was renamed Ying.
3
瑛母趙麗妃，本伎人，有才貌，善歌舞，玄宗在潞州得幸。 及景雲升儲之後，其父元禮、兄常奴擢為京職，開元初皆至大官。 及武惠妃寵幸，麗妃恩乃漸弛。 時鄂王瑤母皇甫德儀、光王琚母劉才人，皆玄宗在臨淄邸以容色見顧，出子朗秀而母加愛焉。 及惠妃承恩，鄂、光之母亦漸疏薄，惠妃之子壽王瑁，鐘愛非諸子所比。 瑛於內第與鄂、光王等自謂母氏失職，嘗有怨望。 惠妃女咸宜公主出降於楊洄，洄希惠妃之旨，規利於己，日求其短，譖於惠妃。 妃泣訴於玄宗，以太子結黨，將害於妾母子，亦指斥於至尊。 玄宗惑其言，震怒，謀於宰相，意將廢黜。 中書張九齡奏曰：「陛下纂嗣鴻業，將三十年，太子已下，常不離深宮，日受聖訓。 今天下之人，皆慶陛下享國日久，子孫蕃育，不聞有過，陛下奈何以一日之間廢棄三子？ 伏惟陛下思之。 且太子國本，難於動搖。 昔晉獻公惑寵嬖之言，太子申生憂死，國乃大亂。 漢武威加六合，受江充巫蠱之事，將禍及太子，遂至城中流血。 晉惠帝有賢子為太子，容賈後之譖，以至喪亡。 隋文帝取寵婦之言，廢太子勇而立晉王廣，遂失天下。 由此而論之，不可不慎。 今太子既長無過，二王又賢，臣待罪左右，敢不詳悉。」 玄宗默然，事且寢。 其年，駕幸西京，以李林甫代張九齡為中書令，希惠妃之旨，托意於中貴人，揚壽王瑁之美，惠妃深德之。 二十五年四月，楊洄又構於惠妃，言瑛兄弟三人與太子妃兄駙馬薛鏽常構異謀。 玄宗遽召宰相籌之，林甫曰：「此蓋陛下家事，臣不合參知。」 玄宗意乃決矣。 使中官宣詔於宮中，並廢為庶人，鏽配流，俄賜死於城東驛。 天下之人不見其過，鹹惜之。 其年，武惠妃數見三庶人為崇，怖而成疾，巫者祈請彌月，不痊而殞。
Ying's mother, Consort Zhao Li, had been a performer. Gifted and beautiful, she excelled at song and dance, and won Xuanzong's favor while he was in Luzhou. After Ying was named heir apparent in the Jingyun era, her father Yuanli and her brother Changnu were given posts in the capital, and by the early Kaiyuan period both had risen to high office. Once Consort Wu Hui won the emperor's favor, Consort Li's standing gradually waned. Prince of E Yao's mother, Lady Huangfu Deyi, and Prince of Guang Ju's mother, Lady Liu, had both caught Xuanzong's eye for their beauty when he was still at the Linzi mansion. Their sons were handsome and bright, and their mothers were favored all the more. As Consort Hui rose in favor, the mothers of Princes E and Guang were likewise pushed aside. Her son, Prince of Shou Mao, was doted on as none of the other princes were. Within the palace, Ying and Princes E and Guang felt that their mothers had fallen from favor and sometimes gave voice to their grievances. Consort Hui's daughter, Princess Xianyi, married Yang Hui. Eager to curry favor with Consort Hui and advance his own interests, Hui daily hunted for faults in the princes and whispered accusations to the consort. Weeping, she told Xuanzong that the crown prince was building a faction and plotting harm against her and her son, and even spoke against the emperor himself. Taken in by her account, Xuanzong flew into a rage and consulted his chief ministers with the intention of deposing the crown prince. Chief Minister Zhang Jiuling submitted a memorial: "Your Majesty has carried on the great inheritance for nearly thirty years. From the crown prince down, your sons have scarcely left the inner palace and have received your instruction every day. All the realm rejoices that you have long held the throne and that your sons flourish; no wrongdoing has been reported—how can you, in a single day, cast aside three of them? I beg Your Majesty to weigh this carefully. Moreover, the crown prince is the foundation of the state and must not be lightly disturbed. In antiquity Duke Xian of Jin was swayed by a favored woman's words; Crown Prince Shensheng died in despair, and the state was thrown into chaos. Emperor Wu of Han, whose might filled the realm, was taken in by Jiang Chong's witchcraft scandal; calamity nearly engulfed the heir, and blood ran in the capital streets. Emperor Hui of Jin had a worthy heir, yet indulged Empress Jia's slanders until the dynasty itself was undone. Emperor Wen of Sui listened to a favored consort, deposed Crown Prince Yong in favor of Prince of Jin Guang, and in the end lost the empire. From these precedents, the matter cannot be treated lightly. Today the crown prince has come of age without fault, and the two princes are worthy as well. Serving at Your Majesty's side, how could I fail to know this thoroughly?" Xuanzong said nothing, and for the moment the matter was dropped. That year, when the court moved to the Western Capital, Li Linfu replaced Zhang Jiuling as chief minister. Eager to please Consort Hui, he worked through the chief eunuchs to praise Prince of Shou Mao, and the consort was deeply obliged to him. In the fourth month of Kaiyuan 25, Yang Hui again laid accusations before Consort Hui, claiming that Ying and his two brothers, together with the crown prince's brother-in-law, Imperial Son-in-law Xue Xiu, were constantly plotting treason. Xuanzong at once summoned the chief ministers to discuss the matter. Linfu said, "This is Your Majesty's family business; it is not for a subject to meddle in." With that, Xuanzong's mind was made up. Eunuchs proclaimed the edict in the palace: all three princes were reduced to commoners. Xiu was banished and soon ordered to take his own life at the relay station east of the city. The people had seen no fault in them, and all alike mourned their fall. That same year Consort Wu Hui was repeatedly haunted by visions of the three deposed princes. Stricken with fear, she fell ill. Shamans prayed for a month, but she did not recover and died.
4
瑛有六男：儼、伸、倩、俅、備、亻敬。 慶王琮先無子，瑛得罪後，玄宗遣鞫之。 天寶中，儼為新平郡王、光祿卿同正員，伸為平原郡王、宗正卿同正員，俅為嗣慶王。 寶應元年，詔雪瑤、瑛、琚之罪，贈瑛為皇太子，瑤、琚復贈為王。
Ying had six sons: Yan, Shen, Qian, Qiu, Bei, and Jing. Prince of Qing Cong had had no sons. After Ying's disgrace, Xuanzong had his sons investigated and assigned to Cong. During the Tianbao period Yan was created Prince of Xinping and given acting rank as commissioner of the Court of Imperial Entertainments; Shen was made Prince of Pingyuan and acting director of the Imperial Clan Court; Qiu was named heir to Prince of Qing. In Baoying 1 (762) an edict cleared the charges against Yao, Ying, and Ju. Ying was posthumously restored as crown prince, and Yao and Ju were again granted princely titles.
5
棣王琰，玄宗第四子也，初名嗣真。 開元二年十二月，封為鄫王。 十二年三月，改封棣王，仍改名洽。 十五年，遙領太原牧、太原已北諸軍節度大使。 二十二年，加太子太傅，余如故。 二十四年，改名琰。 天寶元年六月，遙領兼武威郡都督、河西隴右經略節度大使。
Prince of Di Yan was Xuanzong's fourth son; his birth name was Sizhen. In the twelfth month of Kaiyuan 2 (714) he was created Prince of Zeng. In the third month of Kaiyuan 12 he was re-created Prince of Di and renamed Qia. In Kaiyuan 15 he was given nominal command as governor of Taiyuan and military commissioner of all forces north of that city. In Kaiyuan 22 he was additionally appointed grand preceptor of the heir apparent while retaining his other titles. In Kaiyuan 24 he was renamed Yan. In the sixth month of Tianbao 1 (742) he was also given nominal rank as governor of Wuwei and frontier commissioner of Hexi and Longyou.
6
先是，琰妃韋氏有過，琰怒之，不敢奏聞，乃斥於別室。 寵二孺人，孺人又不相協。 至十一載，孺人乃密求巫者，書符置於琰履中以求媚。 琰與監院中官有隙，中官聞其事，密奏於玄宗，雲琰厭魅聖躬。 玄宗使人掩其履而獲之。 玄宗大怒，引琰詰責之。 琰頓首謝曰：「臣之罪合死矣，請一言以就鼎鑊。 然臣與新婦，情義絕者，二年於茲，臣有二孺人，又皆爭長。 臣實不知有符，恐此三人所為也。 惟三哥辯其罪人。」 及推問之，竟孺人也。 玄宗猶疑琰知情，怒未解，太子已下皆為請，命囚於鷹狗坊中，絕朝請，憂懼而死。 琰妃即少師韋滔女，無子，琰死後，妃得還其父。 琰男女繁衍，至五十五人。 天寶中封為王者三人：僎為汝南郡王、秘書監同正員，僑為宜都王、衛尉卿同正員，雋為濟南王、光祿卿同正員。 寶應元年五月，代宗即位，舍琰罪，贈其王位。
Earlier Yan's consort, of the Wei clan, had given offense. Angry but unwilling to report the matter, he shut her away in a separate apartment. He favored two junior consorts, who were also at odds with one another. By Tianbao 11 one of the junior consorts secretly hired a shaman to write a charm and slip it into Yan's shoe, hoping to win his affection. Yan had quarreled with a eunuch who supervised his household. Learning of the charm, the eunuch secretly reported to Xuanzong that Yan was practicing witchcraft against the emperor. Xuanzong had men search Yan's shoes and found the talisman. Xuanzong flew into a rage, summoned Yan, and sharply questioned him. Yan kowtowed and said, "I deserve death. Allow me one word before I face execution. My wife and I have been estranged for two years. I have two junior consorts, and they too are constantly quarreling. I truly knew nothing of the charm; I fear all three women are behind it. Let the third brother determine which of them is guilty." Under questioning, it turned out to have been one of the junior consorts. Xuanzong still suspected Yan had known of the plot, and his anger did not abate. The crown prince and the other princes all interceded, but the emperor had Yan confined in the Hawk and Hound Ward, barred from court, where he died of grief and fear. Yan's consort was a daughter of Junior Preceptor Wei Tao. Childless, she was sent back to her father's house after Yan's death. Yan's sons and daughters were numerous, reaching fifty-five in all. During Tianbao three of his sons were created princes: Fu as Prince of Runan with acting rank as director of the Secretariat; Qiao as Prince of Yidu with acting rank as minister of the Guards; Jun as Prince of Jinan with acting rank as commissioner of the Court of Imperial Entertainments. In the fifth month of Baoying 1, when Daizong ascended the throne, Yan's conviction was set aside and his princely title was posthumously restored.
7
鄂王瑤，玄宗第五子也，初名嗣初。 開元二年五月，封為鄂王。 十二年，改名涓，遙領幽州都督、河北道節度大使。 二十一年四月，加太子太保，兼幽州都督，余如故。 二十三年，改名瑤。 二十五年，得罪廢。 寶應元年五月追復。
Prince of E Yao was Xuanzong's fifth son; his birth name was Sichu. In the fifth month of Kaiyuan 2 he was created Prince of E. In Kaiyuan 12 he was renamed Juan and given nominal command as governor of Youzhou and military commissioner of the Hebei circuit. In the fourth month of Kaiyuan 21 he was additionally appointed grand guardian of the heir apparent while retaining his post as governor of Youzhou. In Kaiyuan 23 he was renamed Yao. In Kaiyuan 25 he fell from favor and was deposed. In the fifth month of Baoying 1 his title was posthumously restored.
8
靖恭太子琬，玄宗第六子也，初名嗣玄。 開元二年三月，封為甄王。 十二年三月，改名滉，封為榮王。 十五年，授京兆牧，又遙領隴右節度大使。 二十三年，加開府儀同三司，余如故。 二十五年，改名琬。 天寶元年六月，授單於大都護。 十四年十一月，安祿山反於范陽，其月制以琬為征討元帥，高仙芝為副，令仙芝征河、隴兵募屯於陜郡以禦之。 數日，琬薨。 琬素有雅稱，風格秀整，時士庶冀琬有所成功，忽然殂謝，遠近鹹失望焉。 贈靖恭太子，葬於見子西原。 琬諸子尤繁衍，男女五十八人。 天寶中封為郡王者二：俯為濟陰王、太仆卿同正員，偕為北平王、國子祭酒同正員。
The Jinggong Heir Apparent Wan was Xuanzong's sixth son; his birth name was Sixuan. In the third month of Kaiyuan 2 he was created Prince of Zhen. In the third month of Kaiyuan 12 he was renamed Huang and re-created Prince of Rong. In Kaiyuan 15 he was appointed governor of the capital district and given nominal command as military commissioner of Longyou. In Kaiyuan 23 he was additionally granted the rank of Grandee of the First Order with an independent staff while retaining his other titles. In Kaiyuan 25 he was renamed Wan. In the sixth month of Tianbao 1 he was appointed protector-general of Chanyu. In the eleventh month of Tianbao 14 An Lushan rose in rebellion at Fanyang. That month Wan was named commander-in-chief of the punitive force, with Gao Xianzhi as his deputy, and Xianzhi was ordered to raise troops from the He and Long regions and station them in Shaan to meet the rebels. A few days later Wan died. Wan had long enjoyed a reputation for refinement and carried himself with grace. Scholars and commoners alike had hoped he would distinguish himself in the campaign; his sudden death left the realm deeply disappointed. He was posthumously honored as the Jinggong Heir Apparent and buried on the western plain at Jianzi. Wan's offspring were especially numerous: fifty-eight sons and daughters in all. During Tianbao two of his sons were created commandery princes: Fu as Prince of Jiyin with acting rank as minister of the Stud; Xie as Prince of Beiping with acting rank as chancellor of the Directorate of Education.
9
夏悼王一，玄宗第九子也。 母貞順皇后為惠妃，見寵。 一生而美秀，上鐘愛無比，名之為一。 開元五年，孩孺而薨，玄宗追封謚。 時車駕在東都，葬於城南龍門東岑，欲宮中舉目見之。
Prince Xia Ci Yi was Xuanzong's ninth son. His mother, later Empress Zhenshun, had been Consort Wu Hui and was greatly favored. Handsome from birth, he was doted on as no other child had been, and the emperor gave him the name Yi. In Kaiyuan 5 he died in infancy, and Xuanzong posthumously enfeoffed him and granted a posthumous title. The court was then at the Eastern Capital. He was buried on the eastern slope of Longmen south of the city, placed so that the palace could see the tomb from afar.
10
儀王璲，玄宗第十二子也，初名濰。 開元十三年五月，封為儀王。 十五年，授河南牧。 二十三年，加開府儀同三司，兼河南牧，其年改名璲。 永泰元年二月薨，廢朝三日，贈太傅。 天寶中有子封王者二人：侁為鐘陵郡王、光祿卿同正員，僆為廣陵王、國子祭酒同正員。
Prince of Yi Lin was Xuanzong's twelfth son; his birth name was Wei. In the fifth month of Kaiyuan 13 he was created Prince of Yi. In Kaiyuan 15 he was appointed governor of Henan. In Kaiyuan 23 he was granted the rank of Grandee of the First Order with an independent staff while retaining the governorship of Henan, and that year he was renamed Lin. He died in the second month of Yongtai 1 (765). Court mourning was observed for three days, and he was posthumously honored as grand tutor. During Tianbao two of his sons were created princes: Shen as Prince of Zhongling with acting rank as commissioner of the Court of Imperial Entertainments; Mian as Prince of Guangling with acting rank as chancellor of the Directorate of Education.
11
潁王璬，玄宗第十三子也。 讀書有文詞。 初名澐。 開元十三年，封潁王。 十五年，遙領安東都護、平盧軍節度大使。 二十三年，加開府儀同三司，改名璬。 安祿山反，除蜀郡大都督、劍南節度大使，楊國忠為之副。 玄宗幸蜀，令御史大夫魏方進充置頓使，先移牒至蜀，托以潁王之籓，令設儲供。 玄宗至馬嵬，方進被殺，乃令璬先赴本郡，以蜀郡長史崔圓為副。 璬性儉率，將渡綿州江，登舟見彩緣席為藉者，顧曰：「此可以為寢處，奈何踐之？」 命撤去。 璬初奉命之籓，卒遽不遑受節，綿州司馬史賁進說曰：「王，帝子也，且為節度大使。 今之籓而不持節，單騎徑進，人何所贍？ 請建大槊，蒙之油囊，為旌節狀，先驅道路，足以威眾。」 璬笑曰：「但為真王，何用假旌節乎？」 將至成都，崔圓迓之，拜於馬前，璬不止之，圓頗怒。 玄宗至，璬視事兩月，人甚安之。 為圓所奏，罷居內宅。 後令宣慰肅宗於彭原，遂從歸京師。 建中四年薨。 年六十六，輟朝三日。 子伸，天寶中封滎陽郡王，授衛尉卿同正員。
Prince of Ying Li was Xuanzong's thirteenth son. He was learned and wrote with literary grace. His birth name was Yun. In Kaiyuan 13 he was created Prince of Ying. In Kaiyuan 15 he was given nominal command as protector of Andong and military commissioner of the Pinglu army. In Kaiyuan 23 he was granted the rank of Grandee of the First Order with an independent staff and was renamed Li. When An Lushan rose in rebellion, Li was appointed grand governor of Shu and military commissioner of Jiannan, with Yang Guozhong as his deputy. When Xuanzong fled to Shu, he appointed Censor-in-Chief Wei Fangjin commissioner for lodging along the route and sent a dispatch ahead to Shu in the name of Prince Ying's departure for his fief, instructing the province to prepare provisions and supplies. At Mawei, Fangjin was killed. The emperor then ordered Li to proceed at once to his commandery and appointed Cui Yuan, chief administrator of Shu, as his deputy. Frugal and plain by temperament, Li was about to cross the Mianzhou River when, upon boarding, he noticed colored-edged mats spread underfoot. He looked back and said, "These could be used for sleeping—why should we trample them?" He ordered the mats taken away. Li had set out on imperial orders for his fief before he could receive the commissioner's insignia of office. Shi Benjin, vice-administrator of Mianzhou, pressed him, saying, "Your Highness is the emperor's own son—and a military commissioner besides. If you enter your domain without insignia and ride ahead alone, what authority will the people recognize in you? Let us raise a great spear, wrap it in an oiled leather case, and shape it like the banners and baton of command to march at the fore. That alone would be enough to overawe the crowd." Li smiled and said, "A true prince has no need of counterfeit insignia." Near Chengdu, Cui Yuan came forward to welcome him and prostrated himself before the horse. Li did not promptly tell him to rise, and Yuan took deep offense. After Xuanzong's arrival, Li governed for two months, and the people found the region greatly settled. Cui Yuan memorialized against him, and he was removed from office to live in the inner quarters. He was later sent to Pengyuan to pay respects and offer reassurance to Emperor Suzong, then accompanied the court back to the capital. He died in the fourth year of Jianzhong. He was sixty-six. The court mourned him with a three-day suspension of audiences. His son Shen was enfeoffed as Prince of Xingyang during the Tianbao reign and appointed acting minister of the Guards with full rank.
12
懷哀王敏，玄宗第十五子也。 幼而豐秀，以母惠妃之寵，玄宗特加顧念。 才晬，開元八年二月薨，追封謚，權窆於景龍觀。 天寶十三載，改葬京城南，以祔其母敬陵也。
Prince Huai'ai Min was Xuanzong's fifteenth son. Handsome and robust from boyhood, he won extraordinary attention from Xuanzong on account of his mother, Consort Wu Hui, whom the emperor favored. He died in the second month of Kaiyuan 8, not yet two years old. The court granted him posthumous rank and a title and temporarily buried him at Jinglong Abbey. In Tianbao 13 he was reburied south of the capital and laid to rest beside his mother in Jingling.
13
永王璘，玄宗第十六子也。 母曰郭順儀，劍南節度尚書虛己之妹。 璘數歲失母，肅宗收養，夜自抱眠之。 少聰敏好學，貌陋，視物不正。 開元十三年三月，封為永王。 十五年五月，遙領荊州大都督。 二十年七月，加開府儀同三司，改名璘。
Prince Yong Lin was Xuanzong's sixteenth son. His mother was Honored Consort Guo, sister of Xu Ji, who served as minister overseeing the Jiannan circuit. Lin lost his mother while still a small child. Suzong took him in and reared him, cradling him in his own arms at night until he slept. As a boy he was bright and studious, though plain in appearance and with a wandering, unfocused gaze. In the third month of Kaiyuan 13 he was created Prince Yong. In the fifth month of Kaiyuan 15 he was named grand governor of Jingzhou in absentia. In the seventh month of Kaiyuan 20 he was granted the rank of Grandee of the First Order with an independent staff and was renamed Lin.
14
天寶十四載十一月，安祿山反范陽。 十五載六月，玄宗幸蜀，至漢中郡，下詔以璘為山南東路及嶺南黔中江南西路四道節度采訪等使、江陵郡大都督，余如故。 璘七月至襄陽，九月至江陵，召募士將數萬人，恣情補署，江淮租賦，山積於江陵，破用鉅億。 以薛镠、李臺卿、蔡坰為謀主，因有異志。 肅宗聞之，詔令歸覲於蜀，璘不從命。 十二月，擅領舟師東下，甲仗五千人趨廣陵，以季廣琛、渾惟明、高仙琦為將。 璘生於宮中，不更人事，其子襄城王亻易又勇而有力，馭兵權，為左右眩惑，遂謀狂悖。 璘雖有窺江左之心，而未露其事。 吳郡采訪使李希言乃平牒璘，大署其名，璘遂激怒，牒報曰：「寡人上皇天屬，皇帝友於，地尊侯王，禮絕僚品，簡書來往，應有常儀，今乃平牒抗威，落筆署字，漢儀隳紊，一至於斯！」 乃使渾惟明取希言，季廣琛趣廣陵攻采訪李成式。 璘進至當塗，希言在丹陽，令元景曜、閻敬之等以兵拒之，身走吳郡，李成式使將李承慶拒之。 先是，肅宗以璘不受命，先使中官啖廷瑤、段喬福招討之。 中官至廣陵，反式括得馬數百匹。 時河北招討判官、司虞郎中李銑在廣陵，瑤等結銑為兄弟，求之將兵。 銑麾下有騎一百八十人，遂率所領屯於楊子，成式使判官評事裴茂以廣陵步卒三千同拒於瓜步洲伊婁埭。 希言將元景曜及成式將李神慶並以其眾迎降於璘，璘又殺丹徒太守閻敬之以徇。 江左大駭。
In the eleventh month of Tianbao 14, An Lushan rebelled at Fanyang. In the sixth month of Tianbao 15, Xuanzong fled to Shu. At Hanzhong he issued an edict making Lin commissioner of pacification and inspection over Shannan East, Lingnan, Qianzhong, and Jiangnan West, and grand governor of Jiangling, while his existing honors remained unchanged. Lin arrived at Xiangyang in the seventh month and Jiangling in the ninth, where he recruited tens of thousands of officers and men and handed out appointments as he pleased. Jianghuai tax grain stacked up at Jiangling like hills, and his spending ran into the hundreds of millions. With Xue Liu, Li Taiqing, and Cai Jiong as his principal advisers, he began to nourish designs of rebellion. Suzong, hearing of this, ordered Lin to come to Shu and render homage. Lin refused. In the twelfth month he took it upon himself to lead a river fleet eastward, five thousand armed men hurrying toward Guangling under the generals Ji Guangchen, Hun Weiming, and Gao Xianqi. Raised entirely within the palace, Lin knew nothing of the world outside. His son, Prince Yi of Xiangcheng, was bold and powerful, held the reins of the army, and was swayed by flatterers until together they embarked on a mad and treasonous course. Lin already coveted the lower Yangtze region, though he had not yet shown his hand. Li Xiyan, pacification commissioner of Wu Commandery, addressed Lin in a dispatch of equal rank and signed his name in bold, oversized characters. Lin flew into a rage and answered: "I am kin to the Retired Emperor by Heaven's mandate, the reigning emperor's own brother; in station I stand above every noble rank, and protocol places me beyond the company of officials. Letters between us should follow fixed forms. Yet you now send a dispatch on equal terms to affront my authority, scrawling your signature in outsized hand. The rites of the Han court are thrown into chaos—even to this!" He then dispatched Hun Weiming to capture Xiyan and Ji Guangchen to strike Guangling and attack the pacification commissioner Li Chengshi. Lin pushed forward to Dangtu. Xiyan, at Danyang, ordered Yuan Jingyao, Yan Jingzhi, and others to hold him off with troops, then fled in person to Wu Commandery. Li Chengshi sent his general Li Chengqing to meet the advance. Earlier, when Lin refused to obey, Suzong had already sent the eunuchs Dan Tingyao and Duan Qiaofu to subdue him by force or persuasion. By the time the eunuchs reached Guangling, Li Chengshi had already impressed them into service and seized several hundred horses from them. Li Xian, adjutant on the Hebei pacification staff and a director in the Ministry of Justice, was then at Guangling. Tingyao and his party bound themselves to Xian in sworn brotherhood and begged him to take command. Xian had one hundred eighty cavalry under him. He marched them to camp at Yangzi, while Chengshi sent the judge Pei Mao with three thousand Guangling foot soldiers to block the route together at Yilou Dam on Guabu Isle. Yuan Jingyao, Xiyan's commander, and Li Shenqing, Chengshi's commander, both brought their men over to Lin. Lin also put Yan Jingzhi, prefect of Dantu, to death as a public warning. All the lands south of the Yangtze were thrown into terror.
15
裴茂至瓜步洲，廣張旗幟，耀於江津。 璘與亻易登陴望之竟日，始有懼色。 季廣琛召諸將割臂而盟，以貳於璘。 是日，渾惟明走於江寧，馮季康、康謙投於廣陵之白沙。 廣琛以步卒六千趨廣陵，璘使騎追之，廣琛曰：「我感王恩，是以不能決戰，逃而歸國。 若逼我，我則不擇地而回戰矣。」 使者返報。 其夕，銑等多燃火，人執兩炬以疑之，隔江望者，兼水中之影，一皆為二矣。 璘軍又以火應之。 璘懼，以官軍悉濟矣，遂以兒女及麾下宵遁。 遲明，不見濟者，遂入城具舟楫，使襄城王驅其眾以奔晉陵。 宵諜曰：「王走矣。」 於是江北之軍齊進，募敢死士趙侃、庫狄岫、趙連城等共二十人，先鋒遊弈於新豐，皆因醉而寐。 璘聞官軍之至，乃使襄城王、高仙琦逆擊之。 驛騎奔告，侃等介馬而出，襄城王已隨而至，銑等奔救，張左右翼擊之，射中襄城王首，亻易軍遂敗。 高仙琦等四騎與璘南奔，至鄱陽郡，司馬陶備閉城拒之。 璘怒，命焚其城。 至余幹，及大庾嶺，將南投嶺外，為江西采訪使皇甫侁下防禦兵所擒，因中矢而薨。 子亻易等為亂兵所害。 肅宗以璘愛弟，隱而不言。
Pei Mao came to Guabu Isle, unfurled a forest of banners, and blazed with color along the river crossing. Lin and Yi mounted the ramparts and watched all day long before dread at last crept into their faces. Ji Guangchen called the generals together, cut their arms in a blood oath, and broke with Lin. That same day Hun Weiming fled to Jiangning, while Feng Jikang and Kang Qian gave themselves up at Baisha near Guangling. Guangchen marched six thousand foot soldiers toward Guangling; Lin sent horsemen after him, and Guangchen said, "Out of gratitude to Your Highness I cannot bring myself to meet you in battle; I am leaving to return to the emperor's service. But if you drive me to it, I will turn and fight wherever I stand. The messenger came back with his answer. That night Xian's men lit fires all along the bank, each soldier carrying two torches to confuse the eye; watchers on the far shore, and the river mirroring the flames, saw every light become two. Lin's army answered with fires of their own. Lin, believing the whole imperial host had crossed the river, fled in the dark with his family and retainers. When dawn showed no crossing at all, he entered the city, gathered boats, and ordered the Prince of Xiangcheng to whip the army toward Jinling. A scout in the night cried, "The prince is gone! Then the northern army moved as one; they enlisted dare-to-die men—Zhao Kan, Kudie Xiu, Zhao Liancheng, and twenty others—who rode ahead as scouts to Xinfeng and there, drunk, slept. Hearing the imperial force was near, Lin sent the Prince of Xiangcheng and Gao Xianqi to meet it head on. Courier horses thundered in with word of attack; Kan and his men armored up and rode out—but the Prince of Xiangcheng was already on them. Xian rushed to their aid, split his wings, and closed; an arrow took the prince in the head, and Yi's force broke. Gao Xianqi and four riders fled south with Lin as far as Poyang, where Vice Prefect Tao Bei shut the gates against them. Lin in his rage commanded the city put to the torch. At Yugan and the Dayu Pass, as he sought refuge beyond the southern ranges, the Jiangxi inspection commissioner Huangfu Shen's garrison took him; he died of an arrow wound. His son Yi and the rest were cut down by the disorderly troops. Suzong, loving Lin as a brother, kept silent and would not speak openly of what had passed.
16
壽王瑁，玄宗第十八子也，初名清。 初，瑁母武惠妃，開元元年見幸，寵傾後宮，頻產夏悼王、懷哀王、上仙公主，皆端麗，繈褓不育。 及瑁之初生，讓帝妃元氏請瑁在於邸中收養，妃自乳之，名為己子。 十余年在寧邸，故封建之事晚於諸王。 宮中常呼為十八郎。 十三年三月，封為壽王，始入宮中。 十五年，遙領益州大都督、劍南節度大使。 二十三年，加開府儀同三司，改名瑁。 二十五年，惠妃薨，葬以後禮。 二十九年，讓帝薨，瑁請制服，以報乳養之恩，玄宗從之。 瑁，天寶中有子封為王者二人：懷為濟陽郡王，偡為廣陽郡王、鴻臚卿同正員。
Prince of Shou Mao was Xuanzong's eighteenth son; his birth name was Qing. At first Mao's mother, Consort Wu Hui, won the emperor's favor in Kaiyuan 1 and eclipsed every woman in the inner quarters; she bore Prince Xia Ci, Prince Huai'ai, and Princess Shangxian, each fair of face, yet none lived beyond infancy. When Mao was born, Consort Yuan of the Prince of Rang asked to raise him in her household; she suckled him herself and named him as her own. He spent more than ten years in the Ning household, and so received his princely title later than his brothers. In the palace they called him the Eighteenth Lord. In the third month of Kaiyuan 13 he was created Prince of Shou and at last came to live within the palace. In Kaiyuan 15 he was named grand governor of Yizhou in absentia and military commissioner over Jiannan. In Kaiyuan 23 he was granted the rank of Grandee of the First Order with an independent staff and was renamed Mao. In Kaiyuan 25 Consort Wu Hui died and was buried with the honors owed a consort. In Kaiyuan 29 the Prince of Rang died; Mao asked leave to wear mourning in gratitude for the milk and years given him, and Xuanzong granted it. During Tianbao Mao had two sons created princes: Huai as Prince of Jiyang, and Si as Prince of Guangyang with acting rank as director of the Court of Imperial Entertainments.
17
唐法，親王食封八百戶，有至一千戶； 公主三百戶，長公主加三百戶，有至六百戶。 高宗朝以沛、英、豫王、太平公主武後所生，食逾於制。 垂拱中，太平至一千二百戶。 聖歷初，皇嗣封為相王，食封與太平同三千戶。 長安中，壽春王兄弟五人，並賜實封三百戶。 神龍初，相府與太平同至五千戶，衛王三千戶，溫王二千戶，成王七百戶。 壽春王加四百戶，通前七百戶； 嗣雍、衡陽、臨淄、巴陵、中山各加二百戶，通前五百戶。 安樂初封二千戶，長寧一千五百戶，宣城、宜城、宣安各一千戶，相王女為縣主者各三百戶。 衛王尋升儲位，相府增至七千戶，太平至五千戶，安樂三千戶，長寧二千五百戶，宣城已下各二千戶。 相府、太平、長寧、安樂皆以七千為限，雖水旱亦不破損免，以正租庸充數。 唐隆元年，遺制以嗣雍王守禮、壽春王成器封為親王，各賜實封一千戶。 開元之後，朝恩睦親，以寧府最長，封至五千五百戶； 岐、薛愛弟著勛，五千戶； 申府以外家微，至四千戶； 邠府以外枝，至一千八百戶。 皇妹為公主者，食封一千戶，中宗女亦同。 其後，皇子封王者賜封二千戶，皇女為公主者賜封五百戶。 咸宜賜湯沐，以母惠妃封至一千戶，諸皇女為公主者，例加至一千戶。 其封自開元已來，皆約以三千為限。
By Tang statute, imperial princes drew income from eight hundred fief households, though some received as many as a thousand. Princesses were granted three hundred households; elder princesses received three hundred more, and some held as many as six hundred. Under Gaozong, the Princes of Pei, Ying, and Yu and Princess Taiping, all children of Empress Wu, received fiefs above the prescribed limit. During Chuigong, Taiping's fief rose to twelve hundred households. At the opening of Shengli, when the crown prince was made Prince of Xiang, his fief matched Taiping's at three thousand households. In the Chang'an period the five brothers of the Prince of Shouchun each received three hundred households of actual fief income. At the start of Shenlong the Xiang household and Taiping each reached five thousand households; the Prince of Wei held three thousand; the Prince of Wen, two thousand; the Prince of Cheng, seven hundred. The Prince of Shouchun gained four hundred more, seven hundred in total. The heirs of Yong, Hengyang, Linzi, Baling, and Zhongshan each gained two hundred more, five hundred in all. At first creation Princess Anle received two thousand households; Changning, fifteen hundred; Xuancheng, Yicheng, and Xuan'an, a thousand each; the Prince of Xiang's daughters made district mistresses, three hundred each. When the Prince of Wei rose to heir apparent, the Xiang household was raised to seven thousand; Taiping stood at five thousand; Anle at three thousand; Changning at twenty-five hundred; Xuancheng and the rest at two thousand each. For the Xiang household, Taiping, Changning, and Anle seven thousand was the ceiling; neither flood nor drought could pare or forgive the grant, and regular land tax and corvée were reckoned toward the count. In Tanglong 1 a deathbed edict made Shouli, heir of Prince Yong, and Chenqi, Prince of Shouchun, full imperial princes, each with a thousand households of actual fief income. After Kaiyuan the court treated its kin with deliberate warmth; the Ning household, as eldest, received fifty-five hundred households. The Qi and Xue households, favored brothers with clear merit, each drew five thousand. The Shen household, its maternal line being low-born, reached four thousand. The Bin household, a more distant branch, received up to eighteen hundred. Imperial sisters made princesses drew a thousand households; Zhongzong's daughters received the same. Afterward, princes of the blood received two thousand households; imperial daughters made princesses, five hundred. Princess Xianyi received bath-income grants; as Consort Wu Hui's daughter her fief rose to a thousand, and other imperial daughters made princesses were by precedent raised to the same. From Kaiyuan on, fiefs were in general held to a ceiling of roughly three thousand households.
18
延王玢，玄宗第二十子也，初名洄。 玢母即尚書右丞柳範孫也，最為名家，玄宗深重之。 玢亦仁愛，有學問。 開元十三年，封為延王。 十五年，遙領安西大都護、磧西節度大使。 二十三年七月，加開府儀同三司，余如故，改名玢。 天寶十五載，玄宗幸蜀，玢男女三十六人，不忍棄於道路，數日不及行在所，玄宗怒之； 賴漢中王瑀抗疏救之，聽歸於靈武。 興元元年薨。 天寶末，封子倬彭城郡王、秘書監同正員，亻延平陽郡王、殿中監同正員。
Prince of Yan Bin was Xuanzong's twentieth son; his birth name was Hui. Bin's mother was granddaughter to Liu Fan, vice director of the Right Secretariat; hers was among the greatest houses of the age, and Xuanzong esteemed her deeply. Bin too was gentle of heart and learned in the classics. In Kaiyuan 13 he was created Prince of Yan. In Kaiyuan 15 he was given nominal command as grand protector of Anxi and military commissioner of Qixi. In the seventh month of Kaiyuan 23 he was granted the rank of Grandee of the First Order with an independent staff while retaining his other titles, and was renamed Bin. In Tianbao 15, when Xuanzong fled to Shu, Bin would not leave his thirty-six children on the road. For days they failed to reach the emperor's camp, and Xuanzong grew furious. Only when Prince of Hanzhong Yu submitted an urgent memorial in his defense was he allowed to return to Lingwu. He died in the first year of Xingyuan. At the end of Tianbao two of his sons were created princes: Chuo as Prince of Pengcheng with acting rank as director of the Secretariat, and Yan as Prince of Pingyang with acting rank as director of the Palace Administration.
19
盛王琦，玄宗第二十一子也。 壽王母弟，初名沐。 十三年三月，封為盛王。 十五年，領揚州大都督。 二十年，加開府儀同三司，余如故，改名琦。 天寶十五年六月，玄宗幸蜀，在路除琦為廣陵大都督，仍領江南東路及淮南河南等路節度支度采訪等使，以前江陵大都督府長史劉匯為之副，以廣陵長史李成式為副大使、兼御史中丞。 琦竟不行。 廣德二年四月薨，贈太傅。 天寶末有子封王者二人：償真定郡王、太常卿同正員，佩封武都郡王、殿中監同正員。
Prince of Sheng Qi was Xuanzong's twenty-first son. He was a younger brother of Prince of Shou Mao; his birth name was Mu. In the third month of Kaiyuan 13 he was created Prince of Sheng. In Kaiyuan 15 he was appointed grand governor of Yangzhou. In Kaiyuan 20 he was granted the rank of Grandee of the First Order with an independent staff while retaining his other titles, and was renamed Qi. In the sixth month of Tianbao 15, while Xuanzong was fleeing to Shu, Qi was named grand governor of Guangling and commissioner of pacification, inspection, supply, and expenditure over Jiangnan East, Huainan, Henan, and related circuits. Liu Hui, former chief administrator at Jiangling, served as his deputy; Li Chengshi, chief administrator of Guangling, was deputy commissioner and censor-in-chief. Qi never took up the appointment. He died in the fourth month of Guangde 2 and was posthumously honored as grand tutor. At the end of Tianbao two of his sons were created princes: Chang as Prince of Zhending with acting rank as chancellor of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices, and Pei as Prince of Wudu with acting rank as director of the Palace Administration.
20
濟王環，玄宗第二十二子也，初名溢。 開元十三年三月，封濟王。 二十三年七月，授開府儀同三司，其月改名環。 天寶末有子封為王者二人，傃為永嘉郡王、衛尉卿同正員，俛為平樂郡王、光祿卿同正員。
Prince of Ji Huan was Xuanzong's twenty-second son; his birth name was Yi. In the third month of Kaiyuan 13 he was created Prince of Ji. In the seventh month of Kaiyuan 23 he was granted the rank of Grandee of the First Order with an independent staff, and that month he was renamed Huan. At the end of Tianbao two of his sons were created princes: Su as Prince of Yongjia with acting rank as minister of the Guards, and Mian as Prince of Pingle with acting rank as commissioner of the Court of Imperial Entertainments.
21
信王瑝，玄宗第二十三子也，初名沔。 開元十三年三月，封為信王。 二十三年七月，授開府儀同三司，仍改名瑝。
Prince of Xin Huang was Xuanzong's twenty-third son; his birth name was Mian. In the third month of Kaiyuan 13 he was created Prince of Xin. In the seventh month of Kaiyuan 23 he was granted the rank of Grandee of the First Order with an independent staff and was renamed Huang.
22
天寶末有子封為王者二人：亻冬為新安郡王、太常卿同正員，倜為晉陵郡王、光祿卿同正員。
At the end of Tianbao two of his sons were created princes: Dong as Prince of Xin'an with acting rank as chancellor of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices, and Tong as Prince of Jinling with acting rank as commissioner of the Court of Imperial Entertainments.
23
義王玭，玄宗第二十四子也，初名漼。 開元十三年三月，封為義王。 二十三年七月，授開府儀同三司，仍改名玭。 天寶末有子封為王者二人：儀為舞陽郡王、太仆卿同正員，僇為高密郡王、宗正卿同正員。
Prince of Yi Ni was Xuanzong's twenty-fourth son; his birth name was Cui. In the third month of Kaiyuan 13 he was created Prince of Yi. In the seventh month of Kaiyuan 23 he was granted the rank of Grandee of the First Order with an independent staff and was renamed Ni. At the end of Tianbao two of his sons were created princes: Yi as Prince of Wuyang with acting rank as minister of the Stud, and Lu as Prince of Gaomi with acting rank as director of the Imperial Clan Court.
24
陳王珪，玄宗第二十五子也，初名渙。 開元二十三年七月，封為陳王。 二十四年三月改名珪。 天寶末男女二十一人，封為王者二人：佗為臨淮郡王、太常卿同正員，佼為安陽王、殿中監同正員。
Prince of Chen Gui was Xuanzong's twenty-fifth son; his birth name was Huan. In the seventh month of Kaiyuan 23 he was created Prince of Chen. In the third month of Kaiyuan 24 he was renamed Gui. At the end of Tianbao he had twenty-one children; two sons were created princes: Tuo as Prince of Linhuai with acting rank as chancellor of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices, and Jiao as Prince of Anyang with acting rank as director of the Palace Administration.
25
豐王珙，玄宗第二十六子也，初名澄。 開元二十三年七月，封為豐王。 二十四年二月改名珙。 天寶十五年六月，玄宗幸蜀，至扶風郡，授珙武威郡都督，仍領河西隴右安西北庭等路節度支度采訪使； 以隴右太守鄧景山為之副，兼武威長史、御史中丞，充都副大使。 珙竟不行。
Prince of Feng Gong was Xuanzong's twenty-sixth son; his birth name was Cheng. In the seventh month of Kaiyuan 23 he was created Prince of Feng. In the second month of Kaiyuan 24 he was renamed Gong. In the sixth month of Tianbao 15, as Xuanzong fled to Shu and reached Fufeng, Gong was named governor of Wuwei and commissioner of pacification, supply, and inspection over Hexi, Longyou, Anbei, and Beiting. Deng Jingshan, governor of Longyou, served as his deputy, and also as chief administrator of Wuwei, censor-in-chief, and deputy commissioner-in-chief. Gong never took up the appointment.
26
廣德元年十月，吐蕃淩逼上都，上將幸陜州，自苑中而出，騎從半渡浐水。 將軍王懷忠遂閉苑門，橫截五百余騎，擁十宅諸王西投吐蕃。 至城西，適遇元帥郭子儀，懷忠謂子儀曰：「主上東遷，社稷無主，萬國颙颙，何所瞻仰！ 今仆奉諸王等西奔，以副天下之望。 令公身為元帥，廢置在手，何不行冊立之事乎？」 子儀未及對，珙遂越次而言曰：「令公作何語，何不言也？」 行軍司馬王延昌責之曰：「主上雖蒙塵於外，聖德欽明，王身為籓翰，何乃發狂悖之詞也？ 延昌當奏聞於上。」 子儀又數讓之，命軍士領之盡赴行在。 潼關謁見，上不之責，珙歸幕次，詞又不順。 群臣恐遂為亂，請除之，遂賜死。 天寶中有子二人為王：佻齊安郡王、宗正卿同正員，伷宜春郡王、鴻臚卿同正員。
In the tenth month of Guangde 1, as Tibetans threatened the capital, the emperor prepared to flee to Shaanzhou and rode out through the imperial park; his escort was halfway across the Chan River. General Wang Huaizhong shut the park gates, intercepted more than five hundred riders, and led the princes of the Ten Residences west toward the Tibetans. At the west gate they met the commander-in-chief Guo Ziyi. Huaizhong told him, "The emperor has gone east; the realm has no ruler; all the world looks up in longing—whom shall they follow? I am taking these princes west to meet the people's expectation. You stand as commander-in-chief; enthronement and deposition rest in your hands—why not carry out an investiture?" Before Ziyi could answer, Gong broke in: "What talk is this, Commander? Why do you say nothing?" The army judge Wang Yanchang rebuked him: "Though the emperor is abroad in hardship, his virtue remains clear. You are a prince of the realm—how dare you speak such treasonous words? I shall report this to the throne." Ziyi reproved him again and again and ordered troops to escort them all to the emperor's camp. They presented themselves at Tong Pass; the emperor did not rebuke him at once, but back in his quarters Gong spoke improperly again. Fearing he would soon raise a revolt, the ministers asked that he be put to death, and the court granted it. During Tianbao two of his sons were created princes: Tiao as Prince of Qi'an with acting rank as director of the Imperial Clan Court, and Zhou as Prince of Yichun with acting rank as director of the Court of Imperial Entertainments.
27
恆王瑱，玄宗第二十七子也，初名潓。 開元二十三年七月，封為恆王。 性好道，常服道士衣。 授右衛大將軍，加開府儀同三司。 二十四年二月改名瑱。 天寶十五載，從幸巴蜀，不復衣道士衣矣。
Prince of Heng Zhen was Xuanzong's twenty-seventh son; his birth name was Hui. In the seventh month of Kaiyuan 23 he was created Prince of Heng. He loved the Way and often dressed as a Daoist priest. He was appointed great general of the Right Guard and granted the rank of Grandee of the First Order with an independent staff. In the second month of Kaiyuan 24 he was renamed Zhen. In Tianbao 15 he accompanied the flight to Ba-Shu and put aside his Daoist dress.
28
涼王璿，玄宗第二十九子也，初名漎。 母武賢儀，則天時高平王重規女也，開元中入宮中，號為「小武妃」。 二十三年七月，封為涼王。 二十四年二月，改名璿。
Prince of Liang Xuan was Xuanzong's twenty-ninth son; his birth name was Long. His mother was Lady Wu Xianyi, daughter of Prince of Gaoping Chonggui from Wu Zetian's time; in Kaiyuan she entered the palace and was known as "Little Consort Wu." In the seventh month of Kaiyuan 23 he was created Prince of Liang. In the second month of Kaiyuan 24 he was renamed Xuan.
29
初，貞觀中，高宗為晉王，以文德皇后最少子，後崩後累年，太宗憐之，不令出閣，至立為太子。 高宗朝，睿宗為豫王，雖成長，亦以則天最小子，不令出閣。 及至聖歷初，封為相王，始出閣。 中宗時，以譙王重福失愛，出遷外籓，衛王重俊為太子，入與成王千里等起兵，將誅韋後，故溫王重茂雖年十六七，竟亦居中。 先天之後，皇子幼則居內，東封年，以漸成長，乃於安國寺東附苑城同為大宅，分院居，為十王宅。 令中官押之，於夾城中起居，每日家令進膳。 又引詞學工書之人入教，謂之侍讀。 十王，謂慶、忠、棣、鄂、榮、光、儀、潁、永、延、濟，蓋舉全數。 其後，盛、儀、壽、陳、豐、恆、涼六王又就封，入內宅。 二十五年，鄂、光得罪，忠繼大統，天寶中，慶、棣又歿，唯榮、儀等十四王居院，而府幕列於外坊，時通名起居而已。 外諸孫成長，又於十宅外置百孫院。 每歲幸華清宮，宮側亦有十王院、百孫院。 宮人每院四百，百孫院三四十人。 又於宮中置維城庫，諸王月俸物，約之而給用。 諸孫納妃嫁女，亦就十宅中。 太子不居於東宮，但居於乘輿所幸之別院。 太子亦分院而居，婚嫁則同親王、公主，在於崇仁之禮院。
In the Zhenguan era, when Gaozong was Prince of Jin—the youngest son of Empress Wende—Taizong kept him in the palace for years after the empress's death out of pity, and only then named him heir. Under Gaozong, Ruizong as Prince of Yu was also kept in the palace though fully grown, for he was Wu Zetian's youngest son. Not until the opening of Shengli, when he was made Prince of Xiang, did he first leave the inner quarters. Under Zhongzong, Prince of Qiao Chongfu, out of favor, was sent to a distant fief; Prince of Wei Chongjun, as heir, joined Prince of Cheng Qianli in arms against Empress Wei—yet Prince of Wen Chongmao, though only sixteen or seventeen, was still kept inside the palace. After Xiantian, young princes lived within the palace. When they grew older, at the time of the eastern Feng rite, great mansions were built east of Anguo Temple against the park wall, divided into courtyards—the Ten Princes' Residence. Eunuchs supervised them in a walled lane; household stewards delivered meals each day. Scholars skilled in letters and calligraphy were brought in to instruct them as lecturing companions. The "ten princes" meant Qing, Zhong, Di, E, Rong, Guang, Yi, Ying, Yong, Yan, and Ji—a round figure for the whole group. Later, when Princes of Sheng, Yi, Shou, Chen, Feng, Heng, and Liang were created, they too moved into the inner residence. In Kaiyuan 25 Princes E and Guang were disgraced; Zhong became heir; in Tianbao Princes Qing and Di died. Only Rong, Yi, and fourteen others remained in the residence, their staff housed in outer lanes and sending in names for attendance. When imperial grandsons abroad came of age, a Hundred Grandsons' Court was added outside the Ten Princes' Residence. Each year at Huaqing Palace there were companion residences for the ten princes and hundred grandsons. Each princely courtyard held four hundred palace women; the Hundred Grandsons' Court, thirty or forty. A Weicheng storehouse in the palace rationed and issued the princes' monthly allowances. Grandsons' weddings and granddaughters' marriages were likewise held in the Ten Princes' Residence. The heir did not live in the Eastern Palace but in whichever secondary residence the emperor favored. The heir too had a separate courtyard; weddings followed the same rites as for princes and princesses in the Chongren ritual hall.
30
汴哀王璥，玄宗第三十子也，初名滔。 開元二十五年七月，封為汴王。 二十四年二月，改名璥，以其月薨。
Prince of Bian Aihuan Jin was Xuanzong's thirtieth son; his birth name was Tao. In the seventh month of Kaiyuan 25 he was created Prince of Bian. In the second month of Kaiyuan 24 he was renamed Jin and died that same month.
31
史臣曰：前史有云：「母愛者子抱」，太子瑛之廢，有由然矣。 琬為元帥，不幸遽薨，豈天啟亂階，何失眾望之速也！ 永王璘，父在蜀城，兄居靈武，不能立忠孝之節，為社稷之謀，而乃聚兵江上，規為己利，不義不昵，以災其身，《書》所謂「自作孽，不可逭」也。 豐王珙因緣厄運，竊有覬覦，不慎樞機，自貽伊咎，悲矣！
The historian writes: Earlier histories say, "Whom the mother loves, the child embraces." Crown Prince Ying's deposition had its reasons. Wan was named commander-in-chief only to die at once—did Heaven itself open the way to rebellion? How quickly the people's hopes were dashed. Prince Yong Lin: with his father in Shu and his brother at Lingwu, he failed in loyalty and filial piety and schemed not for the realm but to gather armies on the Yangtze for his own gain—unrighteous and disloyal, he brought ruin on himself. The Documents say, "He who courts disaster cannot escape it." Prince of Feng Gong, caught in calamitous times, secretly nursed imperial ambitions; careless of the levers of state, he destroyed himself—a tragedy.
32
贊曰：《螽斯》之詠，樂有子孫。 用建籓屏，以崇本根。 讒勝瑛廢，恩移至尊。 盜熾琬卒，情乖萬民。 口禍豐珙，自災永璘。 惜乎二胤，不如仁人。
The encomium reads: The Katydids ode celebrates the blessing of sons and grandsons. They are made a bulwark of the realm to fortify the dynastic root. Slander toppled Ying; favor moved the throne itself. Rebellion rose and Wan perished; the people's hearts fell away. Reckless speech destroyed Feng Gong; Yong Lin wrought his own ruin. Pity these two princes: they were no true gentlemen.