1
劉鄩，密州安丘縣人也。 祖綬，密州戶掾，累贈左散騎常侍。 父融，安丘令，累贈工部尚書。 鄩幼有大志，好兵略，涉獵史傳。 唐中和中，事青州節度使王敬武為小校。 敬武卒，三軍推其子師範為留後，朝廷命崔安潛鎮青州，州人拒命。 棣州刺史張蟾將襲師範，師範遣都指揮使盧宏攻棣州，宏反與蟾通，偽旋軍以襲師範。 師範知之，設伏兵以迎宏，既而享之，先誡鄩曰：「宏至即斬之。」 鄩如約，斬弧於座上，同亂者皆誅之。 師範以鄩為馬步軍副都指揮使，攻下棣州，殺張蟾，朝廷因授師範平盧軍節度使。 光化初，師範表鄩為登州刺史。 歲餘，移刺淄州，署行軍司馬。
Liu Xun came from Anqiu in Mizhou. His grandfather Shou had served as Mizhou household recorder and was posthumously made Left Regular Cavalry Attendant. His father Rong had been magistrate of Anqiu and was posthumously made Minister of Works. As a youth he aimed high, studied warfare, and read widely in history. During Tang Zhonghe he was a staff officer under Qingzhou commissioner Wang Jingwu. After Jingwu's death the army made Shifan acting commissioner; the court sent Cui Anqian to Qingzhou, but the province would not obey. Dizhou prefect Zhang Chan planned to attack Shifan; Shifan sent overall commander Lu Hong against Dizhou, but Hong colluded with Chan and pretended to march home in order to surprise Shifan. Shifan learned of the plot, laid an ambush for Hong, then feasted him and told Xun beforehand, "The moment Hong arrives, kill him." Xun did as ordered, slew Hong in his seat, and put every conspirator to death. Shifan named Xun deputy commander of horse and foot, captured Dizhou, killed Zhang Chan, and the court then gave Shifan the Pinglu commission. Early in Guanghua Shifan recommended Xun for Deng prefecture. A year later he was transferred to Zi and made acting chief of staff.
2
天復元年，昭宗幸鳳翔，太祖率四鎮之師奉迎於岐下。 李茂貞與內官韓全誨矯詔征天下兵入援，師範覽詔，慷慨泣下，遣心腹乘虛襲取太祖管內州郡。 所在同日竊發，其事多泄，唯鄩以偏師陷兗州，遂據其郡。 初，鄩遣細人詐為鬻油者，覘兗城內虛實及出入之所，視羅城下一水竇可以引眾而入，遂誌之。 鄩乃告師範，請步兵五百，宵自水竇銜枚而入，一夕而定，軍城晏然，市民無擾。 〈（《金華子》云：鄩入據子城，甲兵精銳，城內人皆束手，莫敢旅拒。 加以州將悍，人情不附，鄩因而撫治，民皆安堵。）〉 太祖命大將葛從周攻之。 時從周為節度使，領兵在外，州城為鄩所據，家屬悉在城中。 鄩善撫其家，移就外第，供給有禮，升堂拜從周之母。 及從周攻城，鄩以板輿請母登城，母告從周曰：「劉將軍待我甚至，不異於兒，新婦已下，並不失所。 劉將軍與爾各為其主，爾其察之。」 從周歔欷而退。 鄩料簡城中老疾及婦人浮食百姓不足與守者，悉出之於外，與將士同甘苦，分衣食，以抗外軍，戢兵禁暴，居人泰然。 從周攻圍既久，鄩無外援，人情稍有去就之意。 一日，節度副使王彥溫逾城而奔，守陴者從之而逸，鄩之守兵禁之不可，鄩即遣人從容告彥溫曰：「請副使少將人出，非素遣者請勿帶行。」 又揚言於眾曰：「素遣從副使行者即勿禁，其擅去者族之。」 守民聞之皆感，奔逸者乃止。 外軍聞之，果疑彥溫有奸，即戮之於城下，自是軍城遂固。 及王師範兵力漸窘，從周以禍福諭鄩，俾之革麵，鄩報曰：「俟青州本使歸降，即以城池還納。」 天復三年十一月，師範告降，且言先差行軍司馬劉鄩領兵入兗州，請釋其罪，亦以告鄩，鄩即出城聽命。 太祖嘉其節概，以為有李英公之風。
In Tianfu 1 Zhaozong went to Fengxiang; the Founder marched the four circuits to Qi to bring him back. Li Maozhen and eunuch Han Quanhui forged an edict calling up armies everywhere; Shifan wept when he read it and sent trusted agents to raid the Founder's holdings. Revolts broke out the same day across the region; most were betrayed, but Xun with a flank force seized Yanzhou and held it. He had sent spies disguised as oil peddlers to learn Yan's defenses and found a drain under the outer wall wide enough for men; he noted it for the assault. He asked Shifan for five hundred infantry, slipped in by night through the drain with gags, and took the inner city in a single night without alarming the populace. (The 《Jinhua Zi》 records that once Xun held the inner citadel his troops were elite and the townspeople dared not resist. The prefect was brutal and unpopular; Xun won the people over and restored order.)〉 The Founder sent Ge Congzhou against him. Congzhou was commissioner in the field while Xun held the city and his entire household was within. Xun cared for the family, lodged them outside the walls, provided for them generously, and paid his respects to Congzhou's mother. During the siege Xun brought the mother to the ramparts in a litter; she called to Congzhou, "General Liu has been as kind to me as a son, and your wife and household have been well provided for. He and you serve different masters—consider that carefully." Congzhou wept and withdrew. He expelled the old, sick, women, and useless mouths from the city, shared rations with his men, disciplined the garrison, and kept the people calm under siege. The siege wore on without relief, and morale inside Yan began to crack. Deputy commissioner Wang Yanwen fled over the wall and others followed; Xun could not hold them back and sent word, "Take only the men I authorized—no one else." He announced that authorized departures were permitted but deserters would face clan punishment. The garrison was heartened and the flight ended. The besiegers suspected Yanwen of collusion and killed him before the walls; after that the defense stiffened. As Shifan weakened, Congzhou appealed to Xun to surrender; Xun answered that he would yield the city when Shifan himself came in. In the eleventh month of Tianfu 3 Shifan surrendered, named Xun's occupation of Yan, and asked pardon; Xun then marched out and submitted. The Founder admired his conduct and compared him to Li Jing.
3
鄩既降，從周具行裝服馬，請鄩歸大梁。 鄩曰：「未受梁王舍釋之旨，乘肥衣裘，非敢聞命。」 即素服跨驢而發。 及將謁見，太祖令賜冠帶，鄩曰：「累囚負罪，請就縶而入。」 太祖不許。 及見，慰撫移時，且飲之酒，鄩以量小告太祖。 太祖曰：「取兗州，量何大耶！」 旋授元從都押牙。 太祖牙下諸將，皆四鎮舊人，鄩一旦以羈旅之臣，驟居眾人之右，及與諸將相見，並用階庭之禮，太祖尤奇重之。 未幾，表為鄜州留後。 是時，邠、岐之眾，屢寇其境，鄩禦捍備至，太祖以其地遠，慮失鄩，即令棄郡引軍屯於同州。 天祐二年二月，授右金吾衛大將軍，充街使。 三年正月，太祖授元帥之任，以鄩為元帥府都押牙，執金吾如故。 開平元年，授右金吾上將軍，充諸軍馬步都指揮使。 其年秋，與諸將征潞州，遷檢校司徒。 三年二月，轉右威衛上將軍，依前諸軍馬步都虞候。 五月，改左龍武統軍，充侍衛親軍馬步軍都指揮使。
Congzhou fitted him with mounts and fine clothes for the journey to Daliang. Xun refused: "Without the Prince of Liang's pardon I will not ride in splendor. He set out in hemp robes on a mule. Before audience the Founder offered him regalia; Xun asked to enter in chains as a captive. The Founder refused. The Founder received him kindly and poured wine; Xun pleaded that he could not drink much. The Founder said, "Your capacity for taking Yanzhou was rather large! He was soon made chief jailer of the Founder's personal guard. The Founder's generals were veterans of the four circuits; Xun, a newcomer, suddenly outranked them yet greeted each with full courtesy, and the Founder valued him all the more. Soon he was named acting commissioner of Bin. Bin and Qi raiders harried his frontier; he held them off, but the Founder, fearing to lose him so far away, pulled him back to Tong. In the second month of Tianyou 2 he became senior general of the Right Golden Guard and street commissioner. In the first month of Tianyou 3 the Founder became commander-in-chief and made Xun his headquarters chief jailer while keeping the Golden Guard post. In Kaiping 1 he was made senior general of the Right Golden Guard and supreme horse-and-foot commander. That autumn he marched on Luzhou with the other generals and rose to acting Minister of Works. In the second month of year 3 he was shifted to senior general of the Right Awesome Guard while keeping supreme command of horse and foot. In the fifth month he became commander of the Left Dragon-Tiger army and of the palace guard horse and foot.
4
九月，徐州節度使蔣殷據城叛。 時朝廷以福王友璋鎮徐方，殷不受代，末帝遣鄩與鄆帥牛存節率兵攻之。 殷求援於淮夷，偽吳楊溥遣大將朱瑾領眾赴援，鄩逆擊破之。 貞明元年春，城陷，殷舉族自燔，於火中得其屍，梟首以獻，詔加檢校太尉。
In the ninth month Xuzhou commissioner Jiang Yin rebelled and held the city. The court had sent Prince of Fu Youzhang to Xu, but Yin refused to step down; the Last Emperor sent Xun and Yan commander Niu Cunjie against him. Yin called on the Huai; Yang Pu of Wu sent Zhu Jin to his aid; Xun routed the relief force. In the spring of Zhenming 1 the city fell; Yin's family burned themselves; his body was recovered from the flames and his head presented; Xun was made acting Grand Commandant.
5
三月，魏楊師厚卒，朝廷分相、魏為兩鎮，遣鄩率大軍屯南樂，以討王鎔為名。 既而魏軍果亂，囚節度使賀德倫，送款於太原。 六月，晉王入魏州，鄩以精兵萬人自洹水移軍魏縣，晉王來覘，鄩設伏於河曲叢木間，俟晉王至，大噪而進，圍之數匝，殺獲甚眾，晉王僅以身免。 是月，鄩潛師由黃澤西趨太原，將行，慮為晉軍所追，乃結芻為人，縛旗於上，以驢負之，循堞而行，數日，晉人方覺。 軍至樂平，會霖雨積旬，師不克進，鄩即整眾而旋。 魏之臨清，積粟之所，鄩引軍將據之，遇晉將周陽五自幽州率兵至，鄩乃取貝州，與晉軍遇於堂邑，鄩邀擊卻之，追北五十餘里，遂軍於莘縣。 增城壘，浚池隍，自莘及河，築甬道以通餉路。
In the third month Yang Shihou of Wei died; the court divided Xiang and Wei and posted Xun at Nanle with a large force, ostensibly against Wang Rong. Wei troops soon mutinied, seized commissioner He Delun, and offered themselves to Taiyuan. In the sixth month the Prince of Jin took Weizhou; Xun marched ten thousand picked men from Huan River to Wei county, ambushed the prince in riverside woods, surrounded him, inflicted heavy losses, and the prince barely escaped. That month he stole west toward Taiyuan; to cover his retreat he mounted straw dummies with flags on donkeys along the walls, and the Jin took days to notice the ruse. At Leping weeks of rain stalled the march; Xun withdrew in good order. He tried to seize grain-rich Linqing, met Zhou Yangwu from Youzhou, took Beizhou, fought the Jin at Tangyi, routed them, pursued fifty li, and camped at Shen. He fortified Shen, dug moats, and built a covered road to the river for supplies.
6
八月，末帝賜鄩詔曰：「閫外之事，全付將軍。 河朔諸州，一旦淪沒，勞師弊旅，患難日滋，退保河壖，久無鬥志。 昨東面諸侯，奏章來上，皆言倉儲已竭，飛挽不充，於役之人，每遭擒擄，夙宵軫念，惕懼盈懷。 將軍與國同休，當思良畫，如聞寇敵兵數不多，宜設機權，以時翦撲，則予之負荷，無累先人。」 鄩奏曰：「臣受國深恩，忝茲閫政，敢不枕戈假寐，罄節輸忠。 昨者，比欲西取太原，斷其歸路，然後東收鎮、冀，解彼連雞，止於旬時，再清河朔。 豈期天方稔亂，國難未平，才出師徒，積旬霖潦，資糧殫竭，軍士劄瘥，切慮蒼黃，乖於統攝，乃詢部伍，皆欲旋歸。 凡次舍經行，每張犄角，又欲絕其餉道，且據臨清。 才及宗城，周陽五奄至，騎軍馳突，變化如神。 臣遂領大軍，保於莘縣。 深溝高壘，享士訓兵，日夜戒嚴，伺其進取。 偵視營壘，兵數極多。 樓煩之人，皆能騎射，最為敵，未可輕謀。 臣若苟得機宜，焉敢坐滋患難。 臣心體國，天鑒具明。」 末帝又遣使問鄩決勝之策，鄩曰：「臣無奇術，但人給糧十斛，盡則破敵。」 末帝大怒，讓鄩曰：「將軍蓄米，將療饑耶？ 將破賊耶？」 乃遣中使督戰。 鄩集諸校而謀曰：「主上深居宮禁，未曉兵機，與白麵兒共謀，終敗人事。 大將出征，君命有所不受，臨機製變，安可預謀。 今揣敵人，未可輕動，諸君更籌之。」 時諸將皆欲戰，鄩默然。 他日，復召諸將列坐軍門，人具河水一器，因命飲之，眾未測其旨，或飲或辭。 鄩曰：「一器而難若是，滔滔河流，可勝既乎！」 眾皆失色。 居數日，鄩率萬餘人薄鎮、定之營。 時鄩軍奄至，上下騰亂，殺獲甚眾。 少頃，晉軍繼至，乃退。
In the eighth month the Last Emperor wrote Xun: "All affairs beyond the Pass I leave entirely to you. Hebei has collapsed, our troops are spent, disaster mounts daily, and we have lain idle on the Yellow River for want of heart to fight. Eastern lords report empty granaries, broken supply lines, and constant captures—I brood on it day and night. You share the dynasty's fate—find a way to strike while the enemy is few, and you will spare me disgrace before our ancestors." Xun replied: "I owe the throne everything and dare not sleep while holding the frontier. I meant to strike Taiyuan, cut their retreat, then recover Zhen and Ji and clear Hebei within weeks. But the realm was still in chaos; no sooner had we marched than endless rain exhausted our stores, sickness spread, and the army wanted to turn back. We camped in defensive arrays and tried to seize Linqing and starve them out. At Zong city Zhou Yangwu's cavalry struck like lightning. I drew the main force back to Shen. There we dug in, fed and trained the men, and waited for their move. Reconnaissance shows their numbers are vast. Their Loufan horsemen are deadly archers and must not be provoked lightly. Had I seen a true opening, I would not have let disaster grow. My loyalty is before Heaven. Asked again for a winning plan, Xun said, "I have no trick—only ten hu of grain per man; when it is eaten, the enemy falls." The Last Emperor raged: "Are you stockpiling rice to feed yourself? Or to beat the enemy? He sent a palace envoy to force battle. Xun told his officers, "The emperor knows nothing of war; courtiers will ruin us. A field commander may disobey orders and must adapt on the spot. The enemy is not ready—think again. The officers wanted battle; Xun said nothing. Days later he lined the generals before the gate, gave each a cup of river water, and bade them drink; some drank, some would not. Xun said, "If one cup is too much, how could you empty the Yellow River! All paled. Days later he led ten thousand men against the Zhen and Ding camp. The surprise threw them into chaos and cost them heavily. Jin reinforcements arrived and he pulled back.
7
二年三月，鄩自莘引軍襲魏州，與晉王戰於故元城，王師敗績，鄩脫身南奔，自黎陽濟河至滑州。 尋授滑州節度使，詔屯黎陽。 三年二月，晉王悉眾來攻黎陽，鄩拒之而退。 及鄩歸闕，再授開封尹，領鎮南軍節度使。 其年，河朔失守，朝廷歸咎於鄩，鄩亦不自安，上表避位。 九月，落平章事，授亳州團練使。 屬淮人寇蔡、潁、亳三郡，鄩奉命渡淮，至霍丘，大殲賊黨。 五年，兗州節度使張萬進反，北結晉人為援，末帝遣鄩攻之，鄩為兗州安撫製置使。 是冬，萬進危蹙，小將邢師遇潛應王師，遂拔其城，梟萬進首以獻。 十一月，製授泰寧軍節度使、檢校太尉、同平章事。
In the third month of year 2 he marched from Shen on Weizhou, lost to the Prince of Jin at old Yuancheng, fled south, and crossed from Liyang to Hua. He was soon made commissioner of Hua and posted at Liyang. In the second month of year 3 the Prince of Jin assaulted Liyang; Xun held him off and forced a retreat. Back at court he was again Prefect of Kaifeng and commissioner of Zhennan. When Hebei fell the court blamed him; uneasy, he asked to step down. In the ninth month he lost his chief-minister title and was sent to Bozhou as regimental commissioner. Huai raiders struck Cai, Ying, and Bo; he crossed the Huai, reached Huoqiu, and crushed them. In year 5 Yanzhou commissioner Zhang Wanjin rebelled and called on the Jin; the Last Emperor sent Xun against him as Yanzhou pacification commissioner. That winter, with Wanjin hard pressed, junior officer Xing Shiyu opened the gates to the imperial army; the city fell and Wanjin's head was sent in. In the eleventh month he was formally made commissioner of the Taiping army, honorary Grand Marshal, and Tongping Grand Councilor.
8
六年六月，授河東道招討使，與華州尹皓攻取同州。 先是，河中朱友謙襲取同州，以其子令德為留後，表請旄鉞，末帝怒，命鄩討之。 其年九月，晉將李嗣昭率師來援，戰於城下，王師不利，敗兵走河南； 橋梁陷，溺死者甚眾，鄩以餘眾退保華州羅文寨。 先是，鄩與河中朱友謙為婚家，及王師西討，行次陝州，鄩遣使齎檄與友謙，諭以禍福大計，誘令歸國，友謙不從，如是停留月餘。 尹皓、段凝輩素忌鄩，遂構其罪，言鄩逗留養寇，俾俟援兵，末帝以為然。 及兵敗，詔歸洛，河南尹張宗奭承朝廷密旨，逼令飲鴆而卒。 時年六十四，詔贈中書令。
In the sixth month of year 6 he was made Hedong campaign commissioner and, with Yin Hao of Huazhou, took Tongzhou. Zhu Youqian of Hezhong had seized Tongzhou, installed his son Lingde as regent, and asked for a full commission; the Last Emperor ordered Xun against him. In the ninth month Li Sizhao of Jin came to relieve the city; the armies met below the walls; the imperial force was beaten and fled south of the river; the bridge collapsed and many drowned; Xun drew the survivors back to Luowen stockade in Huazhou. Xun was related by marriage to Zhu Youqian; on the western campaign he halted at Shanzhou and sent a proclamation urging Youqian to submit; Youqian refused, and Xun lingered there more than a month. Yin Hao, Duan Ning, and others who envied him accused Xun of stalling to let the enemy gather; the Last Emperor believed them. After the defeat he was recalled to Luoyang; Henan governor Zhang Zongshi, acting on a secret order, forced him to take poison. He was sixty-four; an edict posthumously named him Palace Secretary.
9
子遂凝、遂雍別有傳。
His sons Suining and Suiyong are treated in separate biographies.
10
賀瑰，字光遠，濮陽人也。 曾祖延，以瑰貴，贈左監門上將軍。 祖華，贈左散騎常侍。 父仲元，贈刑部尚書。 瑰少倜儻，負雄勇之志，遇世亂入軍。 朱瑄為濮州刺史兼鄆州馬步軍都指揮使，拔為小將。 唐光啟初，鄆州三軍推瑄為留後，以瑰為馬步軍都指揮使，表授檢校工部尚書。 及瑄與太祖構隙，瑰受瑄命，數領軍於境上。 乾寧二年十月，太祖親征兗、鄆。 十一月，瑄遣瑰與太原將何懷寶率兵萬餘人以援朱瑾，師次待賓館，斷我糧運。 太祖偵知之，自中都引軍夜馳百餘里，遲明至钜野東，與瑰等接戰，兗人大敗。 瑰竄於棘塚之上，大呼曰：「我是鄆州都將賀瑰，願就擒，幸勿傷也！」 太祖聞之，馳騎至塚前，遂擒之。 並獲何懷寶及將吏數十人，徇於兗壁之下，悉命戮之，唯留瑰一人，釋縛，置之麾下； 尋署為教練使，奏授檢校左僕射。 瑰感太祖全宥之恩，私誓以身報國。
He Gui, styled Guangyuan, came from Puyang. His great-grandfather Yan was posthumously made Left Gate senior general when Gui rose. His grandfather Hua was posthumously made Left Regular Attendant. His father Zhongyuan was posthumously made Minister of Justice. In youth Gui was bold and high-spirited; when the realm fell into chaos he took to arms. Zhu Xuan, commissioner of Pu and commander of Yan's horse and foot, took him on as a junior officer. In Guangqi of Tang the Yanzhou army made Xuan regent; Gui became horse-and-foot commander and was memorialized honorary Minister of Works. When Xuan quarreled with the Founder, Gui led repeated border raids at his orders. In the tenth month of Qianning 2 the Founder marched in person against Yan and Yanzhou. In the eleventh month Xuan sent Gui and He Huaibao of Taiyuan with ten thousand men to relieve Zhu Jin; they camped at the Guest House post and severed our supply line. The Founder learned of it, marched from Zhongdu through the night for more than a hundred li, and at dawn east of Juye met Gui and routed the Yan army. Gui fled to a bramble mound and cried: "I am He Gui, commander of Yanzhou—I wish to surrender; spare me!" The Founder galloped to the mound and took him. He also took He Huaibao and dozens of officers, paraded them below the Yan walls, and had all but Gui executed; Gui was unbound and kept at headquarters; soon he was made drill instructor and memorialized honorary Left Vice Director. Grateful for the Founder's mercy, Gui privately vowed to repay the state with his life.
11
天復中，預平青州王師範，以功授曹州刺史兼先鋒都指揮使，加檢校司空。 天祐二年，與楊師厚從太祖平荊、襄，授荊南兩使留後，未幾，征還，為行營左廂步軍都指揮使。 開平二年十月，授左龍虎軍馬步都指揮使。 十二月，改左衛上將軍，充六軍馬步都虞候。 三年五月，轉右龍虎統軍，未幾，加檢校司徒、邢州團練使。 四年二月，改澤州刺史，充昭義軍節度留後、檢校太保，進封開國侯。 乾化二年七月，授相州刺史，尋加檢校太傅。 有頃，轉左龍虎統軍。
In Tianfu he helped pacify Wang Shifan at Qingzhou, was made commissioner of Cao and vanguard commander, and given honorary Minister of Works. In Tianyou 2 he and Yang Shihou followed the Founder in pacifying Jing and Xiang, briefly held Jingnan as regent, then returned as left-wing foot commander of the field army. In the tenth month of Kaiping 2 he was made Left Dragon-Tiger horse-and-foot commander. In the twelfth month he became Left Guard senior general and inspector of the Six Armies horse and foot. In the fifth month of year 3 he was made Right Dragon-Tiger commander-in-chief, then honorary Minister of Education and regimental commissioner of Xing. In the second month of year 4 he was made commissioner of Ze, regent of the Zhaoyi army, honorary Grand Guardian, and Marquis of the Opening State. In the seventh month of Qianhua 2 he was made commissioner of Xiang; soon he was also honorary Grand Tutor. Before long he was transferred to Left Dragon-Tiger commander-in-chief.
12
貞明二年，慶州叛，為李繼陟所據，瑰以本官充西面行營馬步軍都指揮使兼諸軍都虞候，與張筠破涇、鳳之眾三萬，下寧、衍二州。 三年秋，慶州平。 十二月，瑰以功授滑州宣義軍節度使，依前檢校太傅，加同平章事，尋授北面行營招討使。 四年春，晉人取楊劉城據之。 八月，瑰與許州節度使謝彥章領大軍營於濮州之行台村，對壘數月。 一日，晉王以輕騎挑戰，瑰與彥章發伏兵奮擊，晉王僅以身免。 先是，瑰與彥章不協，是歲冬十二月，復為諸軍都虞候朱珪所構，瑰乃伏甲士，殺彥章及濮州刺史孟審澄、別將侯溫裕等於軍，以謀叛聞。 是月，瑰與晉人大戰於胡柳陂，晉人敗績，臨陣斬晉將周陽五。 既晡，瑰軍亦敗。 五年春正月，晉人城德勝，夾河為柵。 四月，瑰率大軍攻其南柵，以艨艟戰艦扼其中流，晉人斷我艨艟，濟軍以援南柵，瑰退軍於行台，尋以疾卒，時年六十二。 詔贈侍中。
In Zhenming 2 Qingzhou rebelled under Li Jiyin; Gui, as western campaign horse-and-foot commander and army inspector, joined Zhang Yun in defeating thirty thousand men of Jing and Feng and taking Ning and Yan. In the autumn of year 3 Qingzhou was pacified. In the twelfth month he was made commissioner of the Xuanyi army at Hua, kept his honorary Grand Tutor title, made Tongping Grand Councilor, and soon northern campaign commissioner. In the spring of year 4 the Jin seized Yangliu. In the eighth month Gui and Xie Yanzhang of Xu encamped with a great army at the field headquarters village in Puzhou and faced the enemy for months. One day the Prince of Jin probed with light cavalry; Gui and Yanzhang sprang an ambush and nearly took him; he escaped only by a hair. Gui and Yanzhang had long been at odds; that winter Zhu Gui framed him again; Gui hid swordsmen and killed Yanzhang, Meng Shencheng of Puzhou, Hou Wenyü, and others, reporting a mutiny. That month at Huliu Slope Gui routed the Jin army and Zhou Yangwu was slain in the field. By dusk his own army too was beaten. In the first month of year 5 the Jin fortified Desheng and palisaded both banks. In the fourth month Gui attacked the southern palisade with tower ships blocking the stream; the Jin cut the ships and crossed to relieve it; Gui fell back to the field camp and soon died of illness at sixty-two. An edict posthumously made him Palace Attendant.
13
長子光圖，仕後唐，為供奉官。
His eldest son Guangtu served Later Tang as a palace attendant.
14
二年四月，符道昭復領大軍屯於虢縣之漢穀。 其建寨之所，前臨巨澗，後倚峻阜，險不可升，太祖遣懷英提騎數千急擊之。 道昭以懷英兵寡，有俯視之意，乃率甲士萬人，絕澗以挑戰。 懷英始以千騎夜鬥，戰酣，發伏以擊之，岐軍大敗。 秋八月，鄜帥李周彝屯軍於三原，以援鳳翔； 太祖命懷英討之，周彝拔軍而遁，追至梨園，因攻下翟州，擒其守來獻。 俄而岐軍屯奉天，太祖令懷英寨於岐軍之東北，以備敵人。 一夕，岐軍大至，急攻其營。 懷英以夜中不可驚動諸軍，獨以二千餘人抗數萬之眾，自乙夜至四鼓，身被十餘創，岐軍不勝而退。 昭宗還京，賜迎鑾毅勇功臣。 是歲，淮人聞青、兗之叛，遣兵數萬以寇宿州。 太祖命懷英馳騎以救之，淮人遁去，即以懷英為權知宿州刺史。 天祐三年冬，佐劉知俊破邠、鳳之眾五萬於美原，收五十餘寨，乘勝引軍攻下鄜州，以功授陝州節度使。 太祖受禪，加檢校太保。
In the fourth month of year 2 Fu Daozhao again encamped with a great army at Hangu in Guo county. His camp fronted a deep ravine and backed a steep height and could not be climbed; the Founder sent Huaiying with several thousand horse to strike at once. Daozhao thought Huaiying too few to fear and led ten thousand armored men across the ravine to fight. Huaiying met him at night with a thousand horse, then sprang an ambush as the fight peaked; the Qi army was routed. In the eighth month Yan commissioner Li Zhouyi encamped at Sanyuan to relieve Fengxiang; the Founder sent Huaiying against him; Zhouyi fled; the pursuers reached Liyuan, took Zhaizhou, and sent in the captured governor. Soon Qi troops encamped at Fengtian; the Founder had Huaiying build a camp northeast of them to block the enemy. One night a large Qi force stormed his camp. Unwilling to rouse the whole army in the dark, Huaiying held the camp with two thousand against tens of thousands from the second watch to the fourth, took more than ten wounds, and beat the Qi force back. When Emperor Zhaozong returned to the capital, Huaiying was granted the title Meritorious Minister for Welcoming the Carriage, Bold and Brave. That year, learning of revolt in Qing and Yan, the Huai sent tens of thousands to raid Suzhou. The Founder sent Huaiying at speed to relieve the city; the Huai fled, and he was made acting commissioner of Suzhou. In the winter of Tianyou 3 he and Liu Zhijun routed fifty thousand men of Bin and Feng at Meiyuan, took more than fifty camps, followed up to Yanzhou, and was made commissioner of Shaan. At the abdication he was made honorary Grand Guardian.
15
開平元年夏，命將大軍以伐潞州。 將行，太祖謂懷英曰：「卿位居上將，勇冠三軍，向來破敵摧鋒，動無遺悔，至於高爵重祿，我亦無負於卿。 夫忠臣事君，有死無二，韓信所謂『漢王載我以車，衣我以衣，食我以食，食人之祿，死人之憂』。 我每思韓信此言，真忠烈丈夫耳！ 如丁會受我待遇之恩，不謂不至，懷黃拖紫，裂土分茅，設令木石偶人，須感恩義，一朝反噬，倒戈授人，苟有天道明神，安能容此！ 大凡孤恩負理，忠良不為。 我今掃境內委卿，卿當勉思竭盡。 況晉人新得上黨，眾心未葉和，以十萬之師，一舉可克。 予當置酒高會，望卿歌舞凱旋。」 懷英惶恐而退。 六月，懷英領大軍至潞，率眾晝夜攻城，半月之間，機巧百變。 懷英懼太祖之言，期於必取，乃築壘環城，浚鑿池塹，然而屢為晉將周德威騎軍所撓，懷英不敢即戰。 太祖乃以李思安代之，降為行營都虞候。 夏五月，晉王率蕃漢大軍攻下夾城，懷英逃歸，詣銀台門待罪，太祖宥之，改授右衛上將軍。 三年夏，命為侍衛諸軍都指揮使，尋出為陝州節度使兼西路行營副招討使。
In the summer of Kaiping 1 he was ordered to lead a great army against Luzhou. Before he marched the Founder told him: "You rank among my chief generals and your courage leads the host; in battle you have never failed, and I have not stinted rank or pay. A loyal minister serves unto death—Han Xin said, "The King of Han gave me his carriage, his clothes, and his food; eating a lord's bread, one dies for his lord's troubles." I often recall Han Xin's words—truly a loyal and valiant man spoke them! Consider Ding Hui: I favored him beyond measure—yellow seal, purple robe, lands and titles—yet overnight he turned traitor and joined the enemy; if Heaven and the spirits are just, how could that be borne! To betray grace and violate right—no loyal man will do it. I now entrust the whole campaign to you; strive with all your strength. The Jin have only just taken Shangdang and their men are not yet settled; a hundred thousand troops should take it at once. I shall hold a great feast and await your triumphal return. Huaiying withdrew in alarm. In the sixth month he reached Lu and assaulted the walls day and night; within half a month he tried a hundred stratagems. Mindful of the Founder's charge to take the city at all costs, he ringed it with camps and trenches, yet Zhou Dewei's cavalry harried him again and again and he dared not fight. The Founder then replaced him with Li Si'an and made him field headquarters inspector. In the fifth month the Prince of Jin took Jiacheng; Huaiying fled home, presented himself for punishment at the Silver Terrace Gate, was pardoned, and made Right Guard senior general. In the summer of year 3 he commanded the Palace Guard horse and foot, then went out as commissioner of Shaan and deputy western campaign commissioner.
16
及劉知俊奔鳳翔，引岐軍以圖靈武。 太祖遣懷英率兵救之，師次長城嶺，為知俊邀擊，懷英敗歸。 〈（《歐陽史》云：還至升平，知俊掩擊之，懷英大敗。 據《通鑒》：懷貞等還，至三水，知俊遣兵據險邀之，左龍驤軍使壽張王彥章力戰，懷貞等乃得過。 懷貞與裨將李德遇、許從實、王審權分道而行，皆與援兵不相值。 至升平，劉知俊伏兵山口，懷貞大敗，僅以身免，德遇等軍皆沒。 蓋懷英過長城嶺之險已為邀擊，後又敗於升平也。）〉 四年春，移華州節度使。 乾化二年秋，命為河中行營都招討使，與晉軍戰於白徑嶺，敗歸於陝。 末帝嗣位，以岐軍屢犯秦、雍，命懷英為永平軍節度使、大安尹，累加官至中書令。 貞明中，卒於鎮。
When Liu Zhijun fled to Fengxiang he led Qi troops against Lingwu. The Founder sent Huaiying to relieve Lingwu; at Changcheng Ridge Zhijun intercepted him and he retreated defeated. (Ouyang's 《History of the Five Dynasties》 says that on the return to Shengping, Zhijun ambushed him and Huaiying was routed. The 《Zizhi Tongjian》 records that on the retreat to Sanshui, Zhijun blocked the passes; Wang Yanzhang of Shouzhang, commander of the Left Dragon-Valiant army, fought hard and Huaiying got through. Huaiying, Li Deyu, Xu Congshi, and Wang Shenquan took separate routes and none met the relief column. At Shengping, Zhijun ambushed the pass; Huaiying was shattered and barely escaped; Deyu and the others were wiped out. Thus Huaiying was first intercepted at Changcheng Ridge and defeated again at Shengping.)〉 In the spring of year 4 he was transferred to commissioner of Huazhou. In the autumn of Qianhua 2 he was made Hezhong field commander-in-chief, fought the Jin at Baijing Ridge, was beaten, and withdrew to Shaan. When the Last Emperor came to the throne, Qi raids on Qin and Yong led him to make Huaiying commissioner of the Yongping army and governor of Da'an, advancing in stages to Palace Secretary. He died in office during Zhenming.
17
王景仁， 〈（景仁本名茂章，避梁諱改焉。 詳見《通鑒注》。）〉 廬州合淝人。 材質魁偉，性暴率，無威儀，善用槊，頗推驍悍。 在淮南累職為都指揮使，楊行密偽署宣州節度使。 行密死，子渥自立，忌其勇悍，且有私憾，欲害之。 景仁棄宛陵，以腹心百人歸吳越王錢鏐，鏐辟為兩府行軍司馬，具以狀聞。 太祖復命遙領宣州節度使、檢校太傅、同平章事。 鏐以淮寇終為巨患，欲速平之，命景仁奉表至闕，麵陳水陸之計，請合禁旅。 太祖異禮待之，頒賜殊厚，顧曰：「待我平代北寇，當盡以王師付汝南討。」 於是留京師，每預丞相行列。 劉知俊之叛也，從駕至陝，始佐楊師厚西入關。 兵未交，知俊棄馮翊走，進克雍、華，降王建、張君練，頗預戰有功，太祖嘉之。 時鎮、定作逆，朋附沙陀，遂擢為上將，付步騎十萬，為北面行營都招討使。 開平二年正月二日，與晉軍戰於柏鄉，王師敗績。 太祖怒甚，拘之私第。 然以兩浙元勳所薦，且欲收其後效，止落平章事、罷兵柄而已。 〈（《歐陽史》：景仁及晉人戰，大敗於柏鄉。 景仁歸訴於太祖，太祖曰：「吾亦知之，蓋韓、李思安輕汝為客，而不從節度爾。」）〉 數月，復其官爵。 末帝即位，復用為南面北面行營招討應接使，以兵萬餘人伐壽州，至霍丘接戰，擒賊將袁叢、王彥威、王璠等送京師。 俄而朱瑾以大軍至，景仁力戰不屈，常以數騎身先奮擊，寇不敢逼，乃引兵還。 及濟淮，復為殿軍，故不甚衄，瑾亦不敢北渡。 〈（《九國誌·朱景傳》：王茂章來寇，度淮水可涉處立表識之，景易置於深潭水中，立表浮木之上。 茂軍敗，望表而涉，溺死者大半，積其屍為京觀。）〉 及歸，病疽而卒。 詔贈太尉。
Wang Jingren, (Jingren was originally named Maozhang and changed his name to avoid the Liang taboo. See the commentary to the 《Zizhi Tongjian》 for details.)〉 came from Hefei in Luzhou. Huge in frame and blunt in manner, without courtly bearing, he excelled with the spear and was famed for ferocity. In Huainan he rose to supreme commander; Yang Xingmi gave him the false title of commissioner of Xu. After Xingmi's death his son Wo seized power, feared Jingren's prowess, and, holding a private grudge, meant to kill him. Jingren fled Wannling with a hundred trusted followers to Qian Liu of Wuyue, who made him field marshal and reported the matter to court. The Founder again gave him distant appointment as commissioner of Xu, honorary Grand Tutor, and Tongping Grand Councilor. Qian Liu, seeing the Huai rebels as a lasting menace, wished a swift pacification; he sent Jingren to court with a memorial and a face-to-face plan for land and water forces, asking that imperial troops join the campaign. The Founder honored him with unusual courtesy and rich gifts and said, "When I have pacified the northern raiders, I will give you the whole imperial army for the southern campaign." He stayed at the capital and regularly took his place among the chief ministers. When Liu Zhijun rebelled, he followed the court to Shan and at first aided Yang Shihou in marching west through the pass. Before battle was joined Zhijun fled Fengyi; Jingren took Yong and Hua, won over Wang Jian and Zhang Junlian, fought with distinction, and won the Founder's praise. When Zhen and Ding rebelled with the Shatuo, he was made supreme commander with one hundred thousand troops and overall northern campaign commander. On the second day of the first month of Kaiping 2 he fought the Jin at Baixiang and the imperial army was routed. The Founder was enraged and kept him under house arrest. Yet because Wuyue's founding generals had recommended him and the Founder still hoped for service, he only lost his Grand Councilor title and command of troops. (Ouyang's history says Jingren fought the Jin and was routed at Baixiang. He returned and complained; the Founder said, "I know—it was because Han and Li Si'an treated you as an outsider and would not heed your orders.")〉 Several months later his titles were restored. At the Last Emperor's accession he was again made liaison pacification commissioner for the southern and northern campaigns; with more than ten thousand men he attacked Shou, fought at Huoqiu, and sent the rebel generals Yuan Cong, Wang Yanwei, and Wang Fan to court. Zhu Jin soon came with a great host; Jingren fought on without yielding, often charging ahead with a few horsemen; the enemy dared not close, and he withdrew. Crossing the Huai on the return he covered the rear, so the army was not badly mauled; Zhu Jin also dared not pursue north of the river. (When Wang Maozhang raided, Zhu Jing marked the Huai fords; he then moved the markers to deep water on floating logs. Maozhang's men followed the markers, drowned by the half, and their bodies were heaped into a trophy mound.)〉 After his return he died of a carbuncle. An edict posthumously made him Grand Marshal.
18
史臣曰：劉鄩以機略自負，賀瑰以忠毅見稱，懷英以驍勇佐時，景仁以貞純許國，較其器業，皆名將也。 然雖有善戰之勞，亦有敗軍之咎，則知兵無常勝，豈虛言哉！ 然鄩之據兗州，盡誠於師範，比跡於英公，方之數侯，加一等矣。
The historian writes: Liu Xun trusted his stratagem, He Gui was praised for loyalty, Kang Huaiying for fierce service, Wang Jingren for steadfast devotion—each in his way a famous commander. Yet each who fought well also knew defeat; arms win no permanent victory—that is no empty saying. Yet in holding Yanzhou and serving Shifan with full loyalty, Liu Xun matched the Duke of Ying and stood a rank above these other lords.