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卷八十八 列傳第十八: 蕭敵烈 耶律盆奴 蕭排押 耶律資忠 耶律瑤質 耶律弘古 高正 耶律的琭 大康乂

Volume 88 Biographies 18: Xiao Dilie, Yelu Pennu, Xiao Paiya, Yelu Zizhong, Yelu Yaozhi, Yelu Honggu, Gao Zheng, Yelu Delu, Da Kangyi

Chapter 88 of 遼史 · History of Liao
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Chapter 88
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Xiao Dilie (See the biography of Balaci)〉 Yelü Pennu and Xiao Paiya (See the biographies of Hengde and Pike)〉 Yelü Zizhong, Yelü Yaozhi, Yelü Honggu, Gao Zheng, Yelü Delu, and Da Kangyi
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使 西 使 使
Xiao Dilie, whose style name was Nielugun, was a fourth-generation descendant of Chancellor Talie. He was far-sighted and widely respected in his home district. He began his career as Herald of the Cattle Herds. When the emperor heard of his talent, he summoned him to attend at court and promoted him to Detailed Commandant of the Imperial Maternal Clan. In the twenty-eighth year of Tonghe, the emperor told his ministers: "In Goryeo, Kang Zhao murdered King Song and installed Song's clansman Sun as king while serving as his minister. This is the gravest treason. We ought to send troops to demand an accounting for his crime. All the ministers agreed. Dilie remonstrated: "The state has fought campaign after campaign, and the troops are exhausted. Moreover, Your Majesty is still in mourning, the harvests have been poor, and the scars of war have not yet healed. That island kingdom is small, yet its walls and defenses are strong. Victory would add little to our martial renown, while a single setback could bring lasting regret. It would be better to send a lone envoy to inquire into the affair. If they submit to judgment, well and good; if not, wait until mourning is ended and the harvest is full—then it will not be too late to take the field." Although the command had already been issued and his counsel was not adopted, men of judgment approved it. The following year he became Associate Director of the Left Irbi. He was transferred to Right Irbi. At the beginning of the Kaitai era he led troops on patrol along the western frontier. At that time, under the Irbi Chief, the tribal leaders Zhapusa Puli, Shishi, and Boge led their people in flight. Dilie pursued them, captured them, restored them to their livelihoods, and was again appointed Detailed Commandant of the Imperial Maternal Clan. He followed Privy Councilor Yelü Shiliang on the campaign against Goryeo. On his return he was made Associate Director under the Gate and Chancellor of the Secretariat and appointed regent of the Supreme Capital. Dilie was magnanimous by nature and well versed in governance; officials at court all said he had the talent to assist a ruler. Wang Jizhong, Chief Deployment Officer of the Han Palace Establishment, recommended him as fit for Privy Councilor, but the emperor suspected clique-building and held back. He served as regent of the Central Capital and died in office. His clansman Hugu has a separate biography. His younger brother Balaci.
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禿 使
Balaci, whose style name was Biele Yin. He was clever and skilled in horsemanship and archery. During the Kaitai period, as his elder brother served as Right Irbi, he was first appointed Langjun and rose through several posts to Grand Commandant of the Six Xi Tribes Tulü. At the end of the Taiping era, when Dayan Lin rebelled, Balaci led the Northern and Southern Division armies to suppress him. They met at Pushui, where the Southern Division had fewer troops and fell back. At Mount Shou they encountered the rebels again. Balaci then exchanged the banners of the two divisions, roused their fighting spirit, and broke the enemy. When the emperor heard of it, he rewarded him with a handwritten edict and gave him a stallion from the imperial stables. During the Chongxi era he was made Detailed Commandant of the Four Swift Armies, then resigned and returned to his home district. Several years later he was recalled as Military Commissioner of the Zhaode Army, soon after made Detailed Commandant of the Imperial Maternal Clan, and died.
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西 西
Yelü Pennu, whose style name was Hudujin, was a grandson of Tiyin Nielugu. Under Emperor Jingzong he served as Detailed Commandant of the Wugu Tribe. His rule was harsh and severe, and the people suffered. The responsible office reported this, and an edict said: "Pennu holds a frontier commission; to pursue him over trifles would damage his authority." He was soon transferred to Grand Guardian of the Horse Herds. In the sixteenth year of Tonghe he secretly identified men in the Hidden Elite Yan Army unfit for duty and removed them. In the twenty-eighth year, when the emperor campaigned against Goryeo, Pennu served as vanguard. At Tongzhou, the Goryeo general Kang Zhao divided his army into three to resist our forces: one camp west of the prefecture at the confluence of the Three Waters, with Zhao in the center; one camp on the hills near the prefecture; and one camped against the city walls. Pennu led Yelü Honggu, broke the Three Waters camp, and captured Zhao. The forces of Li Xuanyun and others fled at the sight of them. When the main army arrived, more than thirty thousand heads were taken. They pursued to Kaesong and defeated the enemy at Xiling. When Goryeo King Sun heard that the border cities had fallen, he fled.
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Pennu entered Kaesong, burned the royal palace, and then reassured the populace. The emperor praised his achievement and made him Grand Prince of the Northern Division; he later died.
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使西 滿使 使 西 西使
Xiao Paiya, whose style name was Hanyin, was descended from the Lesser Father House of the Imperial Maternal Clan. He was resourceful in stratagem and skilled in horsemanship and archery. At the beginning of Tonghe he was Detailed Commandant of the Left Pishi and won merit campaigning against the Zubu. In the fourth year he defeated the Song generals Cao Bin and Mi Xin at Wangdu. Whenever military affairs were in doubt, he was regularly called in to deliberate. Soon he took overall command of the Yongxing Palace Division troops together with the Shali, Zhuala, and two Pishi armies, and with Privy Councilor Yelü Xiezhen recovered the prefectures and districts lost in Shanxi. That winter, on the attack against Song, he served under the vanguard, besieged Mancheng, led his own troops in the first assault, took the city, and was made Military Commissioner of Nanjing. He married the Princess of Weiguo, was appointed Commandant of Cavalry, and made Associate Director under the Gate and Chancellor of the Secretariat. In the thirteenth year he served in succession as Commissioner of the Southern and Northern Division Imperial Clan. He submitted a memorial on the strengths and weaknesses of current policy and on tax and corvée law; the emperor praised and adopted it. In the fifteenth year he was made Director of Affairs and transferred to regent of the Eastern Capital. In the twenty-second year he again attacked Song, led the Bohai army, and captured Deqing Army. After Xiao Talin died, he was entrusted alone with southern affairs. When peace with Song was concluded, he became Chancellor of the Northern Administration. When Emperor Shengzong campaigned against Goryeo, he led troops along the northern route to Xiling west of Kaesong, defeated the enemy, and took several thousand heads. Goryeo King Sun was afraid and fled to Pingzhou. Paiya entered Kaesong, plundered extensively, and returned. The emperor commended him and enfeoffed him as Prince of Lanling. In the second year of Kaitai, while serving as chancellor, he was made Commissioner for the Southwestern Pacification Commissioner. In the fifth year he was advanced to Prince of Dongping. Paiya governed with leniency yet firm judgment; the tribes both feared and loved him, the people grew prosperous, and contemporaries greatly praised him. In the seventh year he again campaigned against Goryeo. Reaching Kaesong, he routed the enemy and led his troops in capture and plunder before returning. Crossing the Cha and Tuo rivers, the enemy shot at them from both flanks. Paiya cast off his armor and arms and fled, and for this was removed from office. In the third year of Taiping he was again made Prince of Bin and died. His younger brother Hengde.
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使 退
Hengde, whose style name was Xunning. He was bold and resourceful and skilled in planning. In the first year of Tonghe he married the Princess of Yueguo, was appointed Commandant of Cavalry, and transferred to Southern Division Linya. Following Imperial Clan Commissioner Yelü Amoli on the campaign against Goryeo, on his return he was transferred to Northern Division Linya. When the Song generals Cao Bin and Mi Xin invaded Yan, Yelü Xiuge and Hengde deliberated on military affairs. Hengde was often trusted and made regent of the Eastern Capital. In the sixth year, attacking Song, they besieged Shadui; Hengde alone held one sector of the siege. Arrows and stones rained on the walls, yet Hengde remained calm and urged his officers and men to seize the parapet. When the city fell he was struck by a stray arrow. The empress dowager came in person to visit him and bestowed medicine. Attacking Changcheng Pass, he again led the first assault; the empress dowager praised his merit all the more. At that time Goryeo had not yet submitted. Hengde received an edict and led troops to capture its border cities. The king then grew afraid and submitted a memorial requesting surrender. In the eighth month of the twelfth year he was granted the title Meritorious Subject Who Exhausts Himself for Qisheng. He followed Chief Deployment Officer Heshuonu in the campaign against Wunai. Before battle was joined, Wunai requested surrender. Hengde coveted the captives and would not permit it. Wunai fought to the death and the city could not be taken. Heshuonu deliberated on withdrawing. Hengde said: "They are so stubborn, yet we came by imperial edict to chastise them. If we return without achievement, what will the tribes say of us! If we penetrate deep and take much booty, that is still better than turning back empty-handed. Heshuonu had no choice. They advanced and attacked the southeastern tribes, reaching the northern marches of Goryeo. By the time they returned, the road was long and provisions were exhausted. Many soldiers and horses died or were wounded, and for this his meritorious title was stripped. In the fourteenth year he was Chief Campaign Deployment Officer and campaigned against the Pulü Maoduo tribe. On his return the princess fell ill. The empress dowager sent the palace woman Xian Shi to nurse her, and Hengde took her privately. The princess died in anger. The empress dowager was furious and ordered him put to death. He was later posthumously enfeoffed as Prince of Lanling. His son Pike.
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殿 殿
Pike, whose style name was Suyin, was also known as Changyi. Within a month of his birth both parents had died, and he was reared in the inner palace. When he came of age he married the Princess of the Qin-Jin King, was appointed Commandant of Cavalry, and made Deputy Chief Inspector of the Palace Front. In the eighth year of Tonghe he was transferred to Northern Division Linya. In the fourth year of Taiping he was made Chief Inspector of the Palace Front and then appointed Detailed Commandant of the Imperial Maternal Clan. In the ninth year, when the Bohai leader Dayan Lin rebelled and raided neighboring tribes, he campaigned with Nanjing Regent Xiao Xiaomu to suppress him. Xiaomu wished to secure the city by surrender and built heavy fortifications to besiege it. After several months people inside secretly came to submit, Dayan Lin was captured, the Eastern Capital was pacified, and for this Pike was enfeoffed Prince of Lanling. In the eleventh year Emperor Shengzong fell ill. Earlier, Qinai and Empress Rendé had been at odds. Because Pike had once been favored by the empress, Qinai resented him. At that time the guard Feng Jianu submitted a report of treason, falsely accusing the empress's younger brother Chubuo and Pike of plotting rebellion while the empress dowager held the regency, so they might deliberate in time who should be enthroned. The princess secretly heard of the plot and said to Pike: "You will soon be put to death though guilty of nothing. Rather than die, why not flee to the Jurchen state and save your life! Pike said: "Would the court truly harm the loyal on mere rumor? I would rather die than go to another country." When Qinai took the regency, she had him killed.
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Yelü Zizhong, whose style name was Woyan and childhood name Zhala, came from the Second Father House line. His elder brother Guoliu was skilled at letters, and Emperor Shengzong valued him highly. At that time Agu, wife of his wife's younger brother, had an affair with a slave and was about to flee to the Jurchen state. Guoliu overtook the slave and killed him, and Agu hanged herself. Agu's mother was favored by the empress dowager. When the matter was reported, the empress dowager was furious and was about to have him executed. The emperor judged that he could not save him, sent someone to bid him farewell, and asked about affairs afterward. Guoliu thanked him, saying: "Your Majesty pities my innocence; your grace reaches the nine springs. Dead, I am not destroyed!" After he died, many considered it a grave injustice. In prison he composed the "Rabbit Rhapsody" and "Songs of Waking and Dreaming," works praised in his time.
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宿 使 西 使 使
Zizhong was broadly learned and skilled at literary composition, yet had not taken office by the age of forty. Emperor Shengzong knew his worth and summoned him to serve in the palace guard. Several times the emperor asked him about order and disorder in past and present times; Zizhong answered without concealment. During the Kaitai era he was appointed Vice Censor-in-Chief, and imperial favor toward him grew daily. Earlier, when Goryeo was an inner dependency, the lands of the six Jurchen tribes had been granted to it. By this time tribute and offerings did not arrive on schedule. An edict ordered Zizhong to go and inquire into the cause. Goryeo had no intention of returning the land. For this the powerful often spoke ill of him to the emperor, and he was sent out as Deputy Regent of the Supreme Capital. In the third year he was again sent to Goryeo and detained without being allowed to return. Zizhong always yearned for sovereign and kin and would compose writings, which he titled Collected at the Western Pavilion. The emperor feasted with his ministers and at one point recalled: "Does Zizhong also enjoy pleasures such as these?" In the ninth year Goryeo submitted a memorial begging pardon and at last sent Zizhong back. The emperor met him in the suburbs and rode back with him in the same carriage. He ordered the great ministers to feast and reward him and kept him in the palace several days. He said to him: "I intend to appoint you Privy Councilor. What do you think?" Zizhong replied: "Your servant lacks talent and dares not accept the edict." He was then made Linya and given charge of Tiyin affairs. Earlier, while Zizhong was in Goryeo, his younger brother Zhao was a Registered Langjun. For a crime his family property was confiscated. By this time he was restored to the Horizontal Tent and his former property was returned. An edict gave him a woman of the imperial maternal clan in marriage. At that time Privy Councilor Xiao Hezhuo and Junior Tutor Xiao Bage were in favor. Zizhong would not bow and follow them and spoke against them. The emperor was angry and stripped him of his office. After several years he went out to manage affairs at Laiyuan City and served in succession as Military Commissioner of the Bao'an and Zhaode armies. When Emperor Shengzong died, he submitted a memorial requesting permission to attend the funeral. When he arrived he prostrated himself before the bier and wailed greatly: "Your servant was fortunate to meet a sage ruler, yet was slandered on every side and could not exhaust himself in loyal service like a dog or horse. He fainted and revived. Emperor Xingzong ordered physicians to treat his illness. After a long while he said the imperial maternal-clan attendant lacked a mind to worry for the state and that Your Majesty ought not again to use the old title of Tang Jingfu. For this those in power hated him, sent him back to his command, and he died. His younger brother Zhao has a separate biography.
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使 使 使 使
Yelü Yaozhi, whose style name was Balijin, was a man of the Jiqing Palace. His father Hougu was Military Commissioner of the Shivei Tribe. Yaozhi was devoted to learning, upright and self-restrained, and had the will to bring order to the age. In the tenth year of Tonghe he rose through several posts to Commissioner of the Jiqing Palace. Emperor Shengzong once instructed Yaozhi: "I have heard you are upright, and for this I advance you. Where the state has benefit or harm, you should speak without concealment." For this what he presented was often praised and adopted. When the emperor campaigned against Goryeo and defeated Kang Zhao's army at Tongzhou, Yaozhi's effort counted for much. King Sun begged to surrender. The ministers deliberated and all said he should be accepted. Yaozhi said: "King Sun was defeated in a single battle and hastily sought to submit. This is deceit; to accept him now may fall into his treacherous scheme. Wait until his strength is exhausted and his power spent—then it will not be too late to accept him." Before long Sun indeed fled. They cleared the countryside but took nothing. His troops held difficult terrain and built ramparts. The attack could not succeed, and Yaozhi reduced them by stratagem. He was promoted and appointed Detailed Commandant of the Four Fan Tribes. At that time Pacification Commissioner Yelü Pode was overall commander. Yaozhi was ashamed to serve beneath him and submitted a memorial: "Your servant is an old minister of the former court. Now that I am old, I beg to return the new appointment and hope to attend constantly at Your Majesty's side. The emperor said: "I will not let you remain long in that post." He also ordered that he not be subordinate to the Pacification Commissioner and might memorialize directly on arrival in his district. He restrained violence and cherished kindness. His administrative achievements were conspicuous. He died in office.
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使 西
Yelü Honggu, whose style name was Penne Yin, was descended from Khan Xianzhi of the Yaolian clan. At the beginning of Tonghe he was once appointed Detailed Commandant of Zhuala for military affairs, then soon transferred to Military Commissioner of Nanjing. In the thirteenth year he raided the southern marches, defeated the enemy at Siyue Bridge, and took more than a hundred heads. On the attack against Song he was transferred for military achievement to regent of the Eastern Capital and enfeoffed Duke of Chu. Later, campaigning against Goryeo, he served as deputy to vanguard Yelü Pennu and captured Kang Zhao at Tongzhou. In the thirtieth year the northwest rebelled. He followed Southern Administration Chancellor Yelü Nugua to suppress them. When he took charge of the forbidden army, his orders were strict and orderly, and many tribes submitted. Soon he was transferred to Attendant-in-Chief and died.
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使
Gao Zheng—his native commandery is unknown. At the beginning of Tonghe he passed the jinshi examination and rose through several posts to Academician Direct of the Privy Council. When the emperor was about to campaign against Goryeo, he sent Zheng ahead to announce his intent. On his return he was transferred to Right Vice Director. At that time Goryeo King Sun memorialized requesting to come to court. The emperor permitted it and sent Zheng with a thousand cavalry to meet him. He was lodged on the road and was surrounded by the Goryeo general Zhuo Sizheng. Zheng judged the force could not be resisted. With stalwart men under him he broke through the encirclement, and many soldiers died or were wounded. The emperor regretted having acted rashly and remitted his crime. The following year he was transferred to Vice Minister of Works and made Deputy Privy Councilor of the Northern Division. In the fifth year of Kaitai he died.
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Yelü Delu, whose style name was Yening, came from the Second Father House line. He studied military affairs and served as Detailed Commandant of the Left Pishi. In the twenty-eighth year of Tonghe, on the campaign against Goryeo, Delu led his own division army together with Pennu and others and captured Kang Zhao and Li Xuanyun at Tongzhou. The emperor praised him, saying: "With your outstanding talent exerted for the state, you are truly our family's thousand-li colt!" He then bestowed an imperial horse and fine armor. The following year he was made Grand Prince of the Northern Division and went out as Overall Detailed Commandant of the Wugu and Dilie Tribes. He died at the age of seventy-two.
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Da Kangyi was a man of Bohai. During the Kaitai era he rose through several offices to Chancellor of the Southern Administration and went out to govern Huanglong Prefecture. He was skilled at pacification, and the eastern tribes submitted in their hearts. Boyin, chief of the Yulidi Nai tribe, and Yuliebi came to submit and were sent to court. He also reported that many Bohai people lived within the borders of Pulü Maoduo and asked that they be brought over. An edict granted his request. Kangyi led troops to Tuozhun City on the Dashi River, carried off several hundred households, and returned. Before long he died.
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漿
The commentary says: Gaogouli murdered King Song and installed Sun. Liao raised an army to call them to account. They ought to have welcomed our troops with baskets of food and jars of drink and cleared lodgings to receive us; yet instead they held difficult terrain and resisted stubbornly, making the wise exhaust their stratagems and the brave spend their strength. Although the essentials were seized, they remained at ease, alone in their realm amid the sea. Is it not that those who win submission do so through virtue rather than through force? Moreover, to ruin their palaces and bind their people—what is this but the proverb of using Yan to attack Yan? Alas! The abandonment of Zhuya was the work of Juanzhi; in Dilie's remonstrance there was wisdom.
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