Volume 2 Annals 2: Taizu 2

洪武元年春正月乙亥，祀天地於南郊，即皇帝位。定有天下之號曰明，建元洪武。追尊高祖考曰玄皇帝，廟號德祖，曾祖考曰恆皇帝，廟號懿祖；祖考曰裕皇帝，廟號熙祖，皇考曰淳皇帝，廟號仁祖，妣皆皇后。立妃馬氏為皇后，世子標為皇太子。以李善長、徐達為左、右丞相，諸功臣進爵有差。丙子，頒即位詔於天下。追封皇伯考以下皆為王。辛巳，李善長、徐達等兼東宮官。甲申，遣使覈浙西田賦。壬辰，胡廷瑞克建寧。庚子，鄧愈為征戍將軍，略南陽以北州郡。湯和克延平，執元平章陳友定，福建平。是月，天下府州縣官來朝。諭曰：「天下始定，民財力俱困，要在休養安息，惟廉者能約己而利人，勉之。」二月壬寅，定郊社宗廟禮，歲必親祀，以為常。癸卯，湯和提督海運。廖永忠為征南將軍，硃亮祖副之，由海道取廣東。丁未，乙太牢祀先師孔子於國學。戊申，祀社稷。壬子，詔衣冠如唐制。癸丑，常遇春克東昌，山東平。甲寅，楊璟克寶慶。三月辛未，詔儒臣修女誡，戒後妃毋預政。壬申，周德興克全州。丁酉，鄧愈克南陽。己亥，徐達徇汴梁，左君弼降。夏四月辛丑，蘄州進竹簟，卻之，命四方毋妄獻。廖永忠師至廣州，元守臣何真降，廣東平。丁未，祫享太廟。戊申，徐達、常遇春大破元兵於洛水北，遂圍河南。梁王阿魯溫降，河南平。丁巳，楊璟克永州。甲子，幸汴梁。丙寅，馮勝克潼關，李思齊、張思道遁。五月己卯，廖永忠下梧州，潯、貴、容、郁林諸州皆降。辛卯，改汴梁路為開封府。六月庚子，徐達朝行在。甲辰，海南、海北諸道降。壬戌，楊璟、硃亮祖克靖江。秋七月戊子，廖永忠下象州，廣西平。庚寅，振恤中原貧民。辛卯，將還應天，諭達等曰：「中原之民，久為群雄所苦，流離相望，故命將北征，拯民水火。元祖宗功德在人，其子孫罔恤民隱，天厭棄之。君則有罪，民復何辜。前代革命之際，肆行屠戮，違天虐民，朕實不忍。諸將克城，毋肆焚掠妄殺人，元之宗戚，咸俾保全。庶幾上答天心，下慰人望，以副朕伐罪安民之意。不恭命者，罰無赦。」丙申，命馮勝留守開封。閏月丁未，至自開封。己酉，徐達會諸將兵於臨清。壬子，常遇春克德州。丙寅，克通州，元帝趨上都。是月，征天下賢才為守令。免吳江、慶德、太平、甯國、滁、和被災田租。八月己巳，以應天為南京，開封為北京。庚午，徐達入元都，封府庫圖籍，守宮門，禁士卒侵暴，遣將巡古北口諸隘。壬申，以京師火，四方水旱，詔中書省集議便民事。丁丑，定六部官制。御史中丞劉基致仕。己卯，赦殊死以下。將士從征者恤其家，逋逃許自首。新克州郡毋妄殺。輸賦道遠者，官為轉運，災荒以實聞。免鎮江租稅。避亂民復業者，聽墾荒地，復三年。衍聖公襲封及授曲阜知縣，並如前代制。有司以禮聘致賢士，學校毋事虛文。平刑，毋非時決囚。除書籍田器稅，民間逋負免征。蒙古、色目人有才能者，許擢用。鰥寡孤獨廢疾者，存恤之。民年七十以上，一子復。他利害當興革不在詔內者，有司具以聞。壬午，幸北京。改大都路曰北平府。征元故臣。癸未，詔徐達、常遇春取山西。甲午，放元宮人。九月癸亥，詔曰：「天下之治，天下之賢共理之。今賢士多隱岩穴，豈有司失於敦勸歟，朝廷疏於禮待歟，抑朕寡昧不足致賢，將在位者壅蔽使不上達歟？不然，賢士大夫，幼學壯行，豈甘沒世而已哉。天下甫定，朕願與諸儒講明治道。有能輔朕濟民者，有司禮遣。」乙丑，常遇春下保定，遂下真定。冬十月庚午，馮勝、湯和下懷慶，澤、潞相繼下。丁丑，至自北京。戊寅，以元都平，詔天下。十一月己亥，遣使分行天下，訪求賢才。庚子，始祀上帝於圜丘。癸亥，詔劉基還。十二月丁卯，徐達克太原，擴廓帖木兒走甘肅，山西平。己巳，置登聞鼓。壬辰，以書諭明昇。

In the inaugural year of Hongwu, on the yihai day of the first spring month, he sacrificed to Heaven and Earth at the southern altar and took the imperial throne. He proclaimed the name of the realm as Ming and adopted Hongwu as the reign title. He posthumously honored his great-grandfather as Emperor Xuan, temple name Dezu, and his great-great-grandfather as Emperor Heng, temple name Yizu; his grandfather as Emperor Yu, temple name Xizu, and his father as Emperor Chun, temple name Renzu; each of their wives was posthumously titled empress. He installed Consort Ma as empress and his heir apparent Biao as crown prince. Li Shanchang and Xu Da were appointed left and right grand councilors, and the founding ministers were ennobled in varying degrees. On the bingzi day, the accession edict was promulgated throughout the realm. He posthumously enfeoffed his imperial uncles and their descendants as kings. On the xinsi day, Li Shanchang, Xu Da, and others were also appointed to offices in the crown prince's household. On the jiashen day, envoys were sent to audit the land-tax registers of western Zhejiang. On the renchen day, Hu Tingrui captured Jianning. On the gengzi day, Deng Yu was appointed expedition garrison general and subdued the prefectures north of Nanyang. Tang He captured Yanping, took the Yuan Pingzhang Chen Youding prisoner, and Fujian was brought under control. That month, magistrates and prefectural officials from across the realm came to present themselves at court. He admonished them: "The realm has only just been pacified, and the people's resources are utterly depleted. What matters now is recovery and repose. Only officials who are honest can restrain themselves and truly serve the people—take this to heart." In the second month, on the renyin day, he established the rites for the suburban sacrifices, the altar of soil and grain, and the ancestral temple, decreeing that he would perform them in person every year as a standing rule. On the guimao day, Tang He was placed in overall charge of maritime transport. Liao Yongzhong was appointed southern expedition general with Zhu Liangzu as his deputy, and they advanced on Guangdong by sea. On the dingwei day, he offered the great tai-lao sacrifice to Confucius at the National University. On the wushen day, he sacrificed at the altar of soil and grain. On the renzi day, an edict decreed that official dress and caps should follow Tang dynasty regulations. On the guichou day, Chang Yuchun captured Dongchang, and Shandong was brought under control. On the jiayin day, Yang Jing captured Baoqing. In the third month, on the xinwei day, an edict directed Confucian scholars to compile the Admonitions for Women and warned that empresses and consorts must not meddle in affairs of state. On the renshen day, Zhou Dexing captured Quanzhou. On the dingyou day, Deng Yu captured Nanyang. On the jihai day, Xu Da advanced on Bianliang, and Zuo Junbi surrendered. In the fourth month of summer, on the xinchou day, Qizhou presented bamboo sleeping mats; he refused them and ordered the provinces not to send unsolicited tribute. Liao Yongzhong's army reached Guangzhou; the Yuan defender He Zhen surrendered, and Guangdong was pacified. On the dingwei day, he performed the joint-spirit sacrifice at the Grand Ancestral Temple. On the wushen day, Xu Da and Chang Yuchun routed the Yuan army north of the Luo River and then laid siege to Henan. The Prince of Liang, Aruwen, surrendered, and Henan was brought under control. On the dingsi day, Yang Jing captured Yongzhou. On the jiazi day, the emperor visited Bianliang. On the bingyin day, Feng Sheng captured Tong Pass, while Li Siqi and Zhang Sidao fled. In the fifth month, on the jimao day, Liao Yongzhong captured Wuzhou, and the prefectures of Xun, Gui, Rong, and Yulin all submitted. On the xinmao day, the Bianliang circuit was redesignated as Kaifeng prefecture. In the sixth month, on the gengzi day, Xu Da presented himself at the mobile imperial court. On the jiachen day, the circuits of Hainan and Haibei submitted. On the renxu day, Yang Jing and Zhu Liangzu captured Jingjiang. In the seventh month of autumn, on the wuzi day, Liao Yongzhong captured Xiangzhou, and Guangxi was pacified. On the gengyin day, relief was extended to the impoverished people of the Central Plains. On the xinmao day, as he was about to return to Yingtian, he instructed Xu Da and the others: "The people of the Central Plains have long suffered under rival warlords, displaced and staring at one another in despair. That is why I ordered a northern expedition—to lift the people out of fire and flood. The Yuan founders' merit still lived among the people, yet their descendants ignored the people's plight, and Heaven turned against them. The ruler was guilty—what fault lay with the common people? In past dynastic upheavals, conquerors slaughtered without restraint, defying Heaven and brutalizing the people—I cannot bring myself to do the same. When you capture a city, do not burn, plunder, or kill indiscriminately. All members of the Yuan imperial clan are to be protected. In this way we may answer Heaven's will and satisfy the people's hopes, fulfilling my purpose of punishing the guilty while bringing peace to the people. Anyone who disobeys these orders will be punished without mercy." On the bingchen day, he ordered Feng Sheng to remain behind and garrison Kaifeng. In the intercalary month, on the dingwei day, he returned from Kaifeng. On the jiyou day, Xu Da assembled the army of generals at Linqing. On the renzi day, Chang Yuchun captured Dezhou. On the bingyin day, Tongzhou was captured, and the Yuan emperor fled toward Shangdu. That month, talented men from across the realm were summoned to serve as prefects and county magistrates. Land tax was remitted on fields stricken by disaster in Wu, Qingde, Taiping, Ningguo, Chu, and He. In the eighth month, on the jisi day, Yingtian was designated the Southern Capital and Kaifeng the Northern Capital. On the gengwu day, Xu Da entered the Yuan capital, sealed the treasuries and archives, posted guards at the palace gates, forbade soldiers from looting or harming civilians, and sent generals to patrol the passes at Gubeikou and elsewhere. On the renshen day, because fire had struck the capital and floods and drought afflicted the provinces, an edict directed the Secretariat to convene and discuss measures to relieve the people's hardships. On the dingchou day, the official structure of the Six Ministries was established. Censor-in-chief Liu Ji retired from office. On the jimao day, he granted amnesty for all crimes below capital punishment. Families of soldiers on campaign were to receive support, and fugitives were permitted to turn themselves in. In newly captured prefectures and districts, indiscriminate killing was forbidden. Where tax transport routes were long, the government would convey goods on the people's behalf, and officials were to report disasters and famine truthfully. Rent and tax in Zhenjiang were remitted. Refugees returning to their occupations were permitted to reclaim wasteland, with a three-year tax exemption. The succession of the Duke Continuing the Sage and the appointment of the magistrate of Qufu were carried out according to the precedents of earlier dynasties. Officials were to invite worthy scholars according to proper ritual, and schools were not to indulge in empty formalities. Punishments were to be applied fairly, and prisoners were not to be executed at improper seasons. Taxes on books and farm implements were abolished, and private tax arrears were forgiven. Talented Mongols and Central Asians were permitted to be promoted and employed in office. Widowers, widows, orphans, the childless elderly, and the disabled were to be cared for. For households with a member aged seventy or above, one son was exempted from corvée labor. Any other reforms or abolitions not covered in this edict were to be reported in full by the responsible officials. On the renwu day, the emperor visited the Northern Capital. The Dadu circuit was redesignated Beiping prefecture. Former Yuan officials were summoned to serve. On the guiwei day, an edict ordered Xu Da and Chang Yuchun to conquer Shanxi. On the jiawu day, the women of the Yuan palace were released. In the ninth month, on the guihai day, an edict proclaimed: "To govern the realm requires the worthy men of the realm to govern it together. Yet many worthy men now hide in seclusion. Is it that local officials have failed to encourage them earnestly? That the court has been remiss in honoring them? That I am too dull to attract talent? Or that those in office have blocked their path to the throne? Surely not—for worthy scholar-officials who studied in youth and aspired to serve in their prime, how could they be content to die in obscurity? The realm has only just been pacified, and I wish to discuss the principles of good government with the scholars. Those who can assist me in bringing relief to the people are to be escorted to court with all due ceremony." On the yichou day, Chang Yuchun captured Baoding and then Zhending. In the tenth month of winter, on the gengwu day, Feng Sheng and Tang He captured Huaiqing, and Ze and Lu submitted in turn. On the dingchou day, he returned from the Northern Capital. On the wuyin day, because the Yuan capital had been pacified, an edict was promulgated throughout the realm. In the eleventh month, on the jihai day, envoys were sent throughout the realm in separate circuits to seek out worthy talent. On the gengzi day, he performed the inaugural sacrifice to the Supreme Lord at the Circular Altar. On the guihai day, an edict summoned Liu Ji back to office. In the twelfth month, on the dingmao day, Xu Da captured Taiyuan; Köke Temür fled to Gansu, and Shanxi was pacified. On the jisi day, the Petition-to-Heaven drum was installed. On the renchen day, he sent a letter instructing Ming Sheng.

二年春正月乙巳，立功臣廟於雞籠山。丁未，享太廟。庚戌，詔曰：「朕淮右布衣，因天下亂，率眾渡江，保民圖治，今十有五年。荷天眷祐，悉皆戡定。用是命將北征，齊魯之民饋糧給軍，不憚千里。朕軫厥勞，已免元年田租。遭旱民未蘇，其更賜一年。頃者大軍平燕都，下晉、冀，民被兵燹，困征斂，北平、燕南、河東、山西今年田租亦與蠲免。河南諸郡歸附，久欲惠之，西北未平，師過其地，是以未遑。今晉、冀平矣，西抵潼關，北界大河，南至唐、鄧、光、息，今年稅糧悉除之。」又詔曰：「應天、太平、鎮江、宣城、廣德供億浩穰。去歲蠲租，遇旱惠不及下。其再免諸郡及無為州今年租稅。」庚申，常遇春取大同。是月，倭寇山東濱海郡縣。二月丙寅朔，詔修元史。壬午，耕耤田。三月庚子，徐達至奉元，張思道遁。振陝西饑，戶米三石。丙午，常遇春至鳳翔，李思齊奔臨洮。夏四月丙寅，遇春還師北平。己巳，諸王子受經於博士孔克仁。令功臣子弟入學。乙亥，編《祖訓錄》，定封建諸王之制。徐達下鞏昌。丙子，賜秦、隴新附州縣稅糧。丁丑，馮勝至臨洮，李思齊降。乙酉，徐達襲破元豫王於西寧。五月甲午朔，日有食之。丁酉，徐達下平涼、延安。張良臣以慶陽降，尋叛。癸卯，始祀地於方丘。六月己卯，常遇春克開平，元帝北走。壬午，封陳日煃為安南國王。秋七月己亥，鄂國公常遇春卒於軍，詔李文忠領其眾。辛亥，擴廓帖木兒遣將破原州、涇州。辛酉，馮勝擊走之。丙辰，明昇遣使來。八月丙寅，元兵攻大同，李文忠擊敗之。己巳，定內侍官制。諭吏部曰：「內臣但備使令，毋多人，古來若輩擅權，可為鑒戒。馭之之道，當使之畏法，勿令有功，有功則驕恣矣。」癸酉，《元史》成。丙子，封王顓為高麗國王。癸未，徐達克慶陽，斬張良臣，陝西平。是月，命儒臣纂禮書。九月辛丑，召徐達、湯和還，馮勝留總軍事。癸卯，以臨濠為中都。戊午，征南師還。冬十月壬戌，遣楊璟諭明昇。甲戌，甘露降於鐘山，群臣請告廟，不許。辛卯，詔天下郡縣立學。是月，遣使貽元帝書。十一月乙巳，祀上帝於圜丘，以仁祖配。十二月甲戌，封阿答阿者為占城國王。甲申，振西安諸府饑，戶米二石。己丑，大賚平定中原及征南將士。庚寅，擴廓帖木兒攻蘭州，指揮於光死之。是年，占城、安南、高麗入貢。

In the second year, on the yisi day of the first spring month, a temple to the meritorious ministers was established on Jilong Mountain. On the dingwei day, he offered sacrifice at the Grand Ancestral Temple. On the gengxu day, an edict proclaimed: "I was but a commoner of the Huai region. When the realm fell into chaos, I led my followers across the Yangzi to protect the people and seek good government. That was fifteen years ago. By Heaven's gracious favor, all has been brought to order. Therefore I ordered a northern expedition, and the people of Qi and Lu supplied the army with grain, traveling a thousand li without complaint. Mindful of their toil, I have already remitted the first year's land tax. Because drought had left the people unrecovered, they were granted another year's exemption. When the great army pacified the Yan capital and subdued Jin and Ji, the people suffered war and crushing levies. This year's land tax in Beiping, southern Yan, Hedong, and Shanxi is likewise remitted. The prefectures of Henan submitted long ago, and I have long wished to show them favor, but the northwest was not yet pacified and the army's passage left me no leisure to do so. Now that Jin and Ji are pacified—from Tong Pass in the west to the Great River in the north and Tang, Deng, Guang, and Xi in the south—this year's tax grain is entirely abolished." Another edict said: "Yingtian, Taiping, Zhenjiang, Xuancheng, and Guangde bear the heaviest burden of supplying the court. Last year's rent remission was followed by drought, and the benefit did not reach the common people. Those prefectures and Wuzhou are again exempted from this year's rent and tax." On the gengshen day, Chang Yuchun captured Datong. That month, Japanese pirates raided the coastal prefectures and counties of Shandong. On the first day of the second month, the bingyin day, an edict ordered the compilation of the History of Yuan. On the renwu day, the emperor plowed the sacred field. In the third month, on the gengzi day, Xu Da reached Fengyuan and Zhang Sidao fled. Famine relief was extended in Shaanxi at three piculs of grain per household. On the bingwu day, Chang Yuchun reached Fengxiang and Li Siqi fled to Lintao. In the fourth month of summer, on the bingyin day, Chang Yuchun returned his army to Beiping. On the jisi day, the imperial princes began studying the classics under Erudite Kong Keren. The sons of meritorious ministers were ordered to enter the schools. On the yihai day, the Ancestral Instructions Record was compiled and the system of enfeoffing imperial princes was established. Xu Da captured Gongchang. On the bingzi day, tax grain was granted to the newly submitted prefectures and counties of Qin and Long. On the dingchou day, Feng Sheng reached Lintao and Li Siqi surrendered. On the yiyou day, Xu Da routed the Yuan Prince of Yu at Xining in a surprise attack. On the first day of the fifth month, the jiawu day, there was a solar eclipse. On the dingyou day, Xu Da captured Pingliang and Yan'an. Zhang Liangchen surrendered with Qingyang but soon rebelled. On the guimao day, he performed the inaugural sacrifice to Earth at the Square Mound. In the sixth month, on the jimao day, Chang Yuchun captured Kaiping and the Yuan emperor fled north. On the renwu day, Chen Rijiong was enfeoffed as king of Annan. In the seventh month of autumn, on the jihai day, Duke of E Chang Yuchun died on campaign; an edict ordered Li Wenzhong to take command of his army. On the xinhai day, Köke Temür sent generals who recaptured Yuanzhou and Jingzhou. On the xinyou day, Feng Sheng attacked and drove them off. On the bingchen day, Ming Sheng dispatched envoys. In the eighth month, on the bingyin day, Yuan forces attacked Datong and Li Wenzhong defeated them. On the jisi day, the eunuch official system was established. He instructed the Ministry of Personnel: "Eunuchs are only to carry out orders—employ few of them. Throughout history, when such men seized power, the lesson was plain. The way to control them is to make them fear the law; do not let them win merit, for merit makes them arrogant and unrestrained. On the guiyou day, the History of Yuan was completed. On the bingzi day, Wang Zhuan was enfeoffed as king of Goryeo. On the guiwei day, Xu Da captured Qingyang, executed Zhang Liangchen, and Shaanxi was pacified. That month, Confucian ministers were ordered to compile books of ritual. In the ninth month, on the xinchou day, Xu Da and Tang He were recalled, while Feng Sheng remained in overall command of the army. On the guimao day, Linhuang was designated Central Capital. On the wuwu day, the southern expedition army returned. In the tenth month of winter, on the renxu day, Yang Jing was dispatched to instruct Ming Sheng. On the jiaxu day, sweet dew fell on Zhong Mountain; the ministers asked to report it at the ancestral temple, but he refused. On the xinmao day, an edict ordered schools established in every prefecture and county in the realm. That month, envoys were sent bearing a letter to the Yuan emperor. In the eleventh month, on the yisi day, he sacrificed to the Supreme Lord at the Circular Altar, with Renzu as associate. In the twelfth month, on the jiaxu day, Adada was enfeoffed as king of Champa. On the jiashen day, famine in the Xi'an prefectures was relieved at two piculs of grain per household. On the jichou day, lavish rewards were bestowed on those who had pacified the Central Plains and on the generals and soldiers of the southern expedition. On the gengyin day, Köke Temür attacked Lanzhou and Commander Yu Guang died in the fighting. That year, Champa, Annan, and Goryeo presented tribute.

三年春正月癸巳，徐達為征虜大將軍，李文忠、馮勝、鄧愈、湯和副之，分道北征。二月癸未，追封郭子興滁陽王。戊子，詔求賢才可任六部者。是月，李文忠下興和，進兵察罕腦兒，執元平章竹貞。三月庚寅，免南畿、河南、山東、北平、浙東、江西廣信、饒州今年田租。夏四月乙丑，封皇子樉為秦王，棡晉王，棣燕王，橚吳王，楨楚王，榑齊王，梓潭王，杞趙王，檀魯王，從孫守謙靖江王。徐達大破擴廓帖木兒於沈兒峪，盡降其眾，擴廓走和林。丙戌，元帝崩於應昌，子愛猷識理達臘嗣。是月，慈利土官覃垕作亂。五月己丑，徐達取興元。分遣鄧愈招諭吐蕃。丁酉，詔守令舉學識篤行之士。己亥，設科取士。甲辰，李文忠克應昌。元嗣君北走，獲其子買的裏八剌，降五萬餘人，窮追至北慶州，不及而還。丁未，詔行大射禮。戊申，祀地於方丘，以仁祖配。辛亥，徐達下興元。鄧愈克河州。丁巳，詔開國時將帥無嗣者祿其家。是月旱，齋戒，後妃親執爨，皇太子諸王饋於齋所。六月戊午朔，素服草屨，步禱山川壇，露宿凡三日，還齋於西廡。辛酉，賚將士，省獄囚，命有司訪求通經術明治道者。壬戌，大雨。壬申，李文忠捷奏至，命仕元者勿賀。諡元主曰順帝。癸酉，買的裏八剌至京師，群臣請獻俘。帝曰：「武王伐殷用之乎？」省臣以唐太宗嘗行之對。帝曰：「太宗是待王世充耳。若遇隋之子孫，恐不爾也。」遂不許。又以捷奏多侈辭，謂宰相曰：「元主中國百年，朕與卿等父母皆賴其生養，奈何為此浮薄之言？亟改之。」乙亥，封買的裏八剌為崇禮侯。丙子，告捷於南郊。丁丑，告太廟，詔示天下。辛巳，徙蘇州、松江、嘉興、湖州、杭州民無業者田臨濠，給資糧牛種，復三年。是月，倭寇山東、浙江、福建濱海州縣。秋七月丙辰，明昇將吳友仁寇漢中，參政傅友德擊卻之。中書左丞楊憲有罪誅。八月乙酉，遣使瘞中原遺骸。冬十月丙辰，詔儒士更直午門，為武臣講經史。癸亥，周德興為征南將軍，討覃垕，垕遁。辛巳，貽元嗣君書。十一月壬辰，北征師還。甲午，告武成於郊廟。丙申，大封功臣。進李善長韓國公，徐達魏國公，封李文忠曹國公，馮勝宋國公，鄧愈衛國公，常遇春子茂鄭國公，湯和等侯者二十八人。己亥，設壇親祭戰沒將士。庚戌，有事於圜丘。辛亥，詔戶部置戶籍、戶帖，歲計登耗以聞，著為令。乙卯，封中書右丞汪廣洋忠勤伯，御史中丞劉基誠意伯。十二月癸亥，復貽元嗣君書，並諭和林諸部。甲子，建奉先殿。庚午，遣使祭歷代帝王陵寢，並加修葺。己卯，賜勳臣田。壬午，以正月至是月，日中屢有黑子，詔廷臣言得失。是年，占城、爪哇、西洋入貢。

In the third year, on the guisi day of the first spring month, Xu Da was appointed great general for the northern campaign, with Li Wenzhong, Feng Sheng, Deng Yu, and Tang He as deputies, advancing north by separate routes. In the second month, on the guiwei day, Guo Zixing was posthumously enfeoffed as Prince of Chuyang. On the wuzi day, an edict sought worthy talent capable of serving in the Six Ministries. That month, Li Wenzhong captured Xinghe, advanced to Chaghanur, and seized the Yuan Pingzhang Zhuzhen. In the third month, on the gengyin day, this year's land tax was remitted in the southern capital region, Henan, Shandong, Beiping, eastern Zhe, Jiangxi, Guangxin, and Raozhou. In the fourth month of summer, on the yichou day, the princes were enfeoffed: Shu as Prince of Qin, Gang as Prince of Jin, Di as Prince of Yan, Su as Prince of Wu, Zhen as Prince of Chu, Fu as Prince of Qi, Zi as Prince of Tan, Qi as Prince of Zhao, Tan as Prince of Lu, and the emperor's nephew Shouqian as Prince of Jingjiang. Xu Da routed Köke Temür at Shen'er Valley; his entire force surrendered and Köke fled to Khara Khoto. On the bingxu day, the Yuan emperor died at Yingchang and his son Ayushiridara succeeded. That month, the Tujia native official Tan Hu of Cili rebelled. In the fifth month, on the jichou day, Xu Da captured Xingyuan. Deng Yu was separately dispatched to summon and instruct the Tibetans. On the dingyou day, an edict ordered prefects and magistrates to recommend scholars of solid learning and upright conduct. On the jihai day, the civil service examination was established. On the jiachen day, Li Wenzhong captured Yingchang. The Yuan successor fled north; his son Maidilibali was captured and more than fifty thousand men surrendered; the pursuers pressed on to North Qingzhou but returned without overtaking him. On the dingwei day, an edict ordered the great archery rite to be performed. On the wushen day, he sacrificed to Earth at the Square Mound, with Renzu as associate. On the xinhai day, Xu Da captured Xingyuan. Deng Yu captured Hezhou. On the dingsi day, an edict ordered that where founding generals had no heirs, their families should receive stipends. That month there was drought; the emperor observed fasting, the empress and consorts cooked in person, and the crown prince and princes brought food to the fasting hall. On the first day of the sixth month, the wuwu day, wearing plain clothes and straw sandals, he walked to pray at the mountain and river altars and slept in the open for three days before returning to fast in the western gallery. On the xinyou day, soldiers were rewarded, prisoners were reviewed, and officials were ordered to seek out those versed in the classics and skilled in governing. On the renxu day, heavy rain fell. On the renshen day, Li Wenzhong's victory report arrived; an edict ordered that those who had served the Yuan not offer congratulations. The Yuan ruler was given the posthumous title Emperor Shun. On the guiyou day, Maidilibali reached the capital and the ministers requested a captive presentation. The emperor said: "Did King Wu use this when he conquered the Shang? The Secretariat ministers replied that Emperor Taizong of Tang had once done so. The emperor said: "Taizong did that for Wang Shichong. Had he met a descendant of the Sui, I doubt he would have done the same. He thereupon refused. Also, because the victory reports were full of inflated language, he told the chief ministers: "The Yuan ruled China for a century; you and I alike owe our upbringing to them—how can you write such shallow words? Change them at once. On the yihai day, Maidilibali was enfeoffed as Marquis of Chongli. On the bingzi day, victory was reported at the southern altar. On the dingchou day, victory was reported at the Grand Temple and an edict was promulgated throughout the realm. On the xinsi day, unemployed people from Suzhou, Songjiang, Jiaxing, Huzhou, and Hangzhou were resettled to farm at Linhuang, given provisions, seed grain, and oxen, with a three-year tax exemption. That month, Japanese pirates raided the coastal prefectures and counties of Shandong, Zhejiang, and Fujian. In the seventh month of autumn, on the bingchen day, Ming Sheng's general Wu Youren attacked Hanzhong and Administrative Commissioner Fu Youde repelled him. Left Vice Director Yang Xian was executed for his crimes. In the eighth month, on the yiyou day, envoys were dispatched to bury the scattered bones of the Central Plains. In the tenth month of winter, on the bingchen day, an edict ordered Confucian scholars to lecture the classics and histories to military officials at the Meridian Gate in rotation. On the guihai day, Zhou Dexing was appointed southern expedition general to attack Tan Hu, who fled. On the xinsi day, a letter was sent to the Yuan successor. In the eleventh month, on the renchen day, the northern expedition army returned. On the jiawu day, martial accomplishment was reported at the suburban temples. On the bingshen day, the founding ministers received great enfeoffments. Li Shanchang was advanced to Duke of Han and Xu Da to Duke of Wei; Li Wenzhong was enfeoffed Duke of Cao, Feng Sheng Duke of Song, Deng Yu Duke of Wei, Chang Yuchun's son Mao Duke of Zheng, and Tang He and twenty-eight others were made marquises. On the jihai day, he set up an altar and personally sacrificed to the generals who had fallen in battle. On the gengxu day, he performed the rites at the Circular Altar. On the xinhai day, an edict ordered the Ministry of Revenue to establish household registers and household placards, with annual reports on increases and decreases, codified as a permanent regulation. On the yimao day, Right Vice Director Wang Guangyang was enfeoffed Earl of Zhongqin and Censor-in-chief Liu Ji Earl of Chengyi. In the twelfth month, on the guihai day, he again sent a letter to the Yuan successor and likewise instructed the tribes of Khara Khoto. On the jiazi day, the Hall for Venerating Ancestors was built. On the gengwu day, envoys were sent to sacrifice at the tombs of emperors through the ages and to repair them. On the jimao day, fields were granted to meritorious ministers. On the renwu day, because black spots had repeatedly appeared on the sun at midday from the first month onward, an edict ordered court ministers to speak frankly of what had gone right and wrong. That year, Champa, Java, and the Western Ocean presented tribute.

四年春正月丙戌，李善長罷，汪廣洋為右丞相。丁亥，中山侯湯和為征西將軍，江夏侯周德興、德慶侯廖永忠副之，率舟師由瞿塘，潁川侯傅友德為征虜前將軍，濟甯侯顧時副之，率步騎由秦隴伐蜀。魏國公徐達練兵北平。戊子，衛國公鄧愈督餉給征蜀軍。庚寅，建郊廟於中都。丁未，詔設科取士，連舉三年，嗣後三年一舉。戊申，免山西旱災田租。二月甲戌，幸中都。壬午，至自中都。元平章劉益以遼東降。是月，蠲太平、鎮江、甯國田租。三月乙酉朔，始策試天下貢士，賜吳伯宗等進士及第、出身有差。乙巳，徙山後民萬七千戶屯北平。丁未，誠意伯劉基致仕。夏四月丙戌，傅友德克階州，文、隆、綿三州相繼下。五月，免江西、浙江秋糧。六月壬午，傅友德克漢州。辛卯，廖永忠克夔州。戊戌，明昇將丁世貞破文州，守將硃顯忠死之。癸卯，湯和至重慶，明昇降。戊申，倭寇膠州。是月，徙山後民三萬五千戶於內地，又徙沙漠遺民三萬二千戶屯田北平。秋七月辛亥，徐達練兵山西。辛酉，傅友德下成都，四川平。乙丑，明昇至京師，封歸義侯。八月甲午，免中都、淮、揚及泰、滁、無為田租。己酉，振陝西饑。是月，高州海寇亂，通判王名善死之。九月庚戌朔，日有食之。冬十月丙申，征蜀師還。十一月丙辰，有事於圜丘。庚申，命官吏犯贓者罪勿貸。是月，免陝西、河南被災田租。十二月，徐達還。是年，安南、浡泥、高麗、三佛齊、暹羅、日本、真臘入貢。

In the fourth year, on the bingxu day of the first spring month, Li Shanchang was dismissed and Wang Guangyang became right grand councilor. On the dinghai day, Marquis of Zhongshan Tang He was appointed western expedition general with Marquis of Jiangxia Zhou Dexing and Marquis of Deqing Liao Yongzhong as deputies, leading a fleet through Qutang; Marquis of Yingchuan Fu Youde was appointed forward general for the campaign against the barbarians with Marquis of Jining Gu Shi as deputy, leading infantry and cavalry through Qin and Long to attack Shu. Duke of Wei Xu Da trained troops at Beiping. On the wuzi day, Duke of Wei Deng Yu supervised provisions for the army attacking Shu. On the gengyin day, suburban altars were built at the Central Capital. On the dingwei day, an edict established the civil service examination, to be held three years in succession and thereafter once every three years. On the wushen day, land tax on drought-stricken fields in Shanxi was remitted. In the second month, on the jiaxu day, he visited the Central Capital. On the renwu day, he returned from the Central Capital. Yuan Pingzhang Liu Yi surrendered with Liaodong. That month, land tax in Taiping, Zhenjiang, and Ningguo was remitted. On the first day of the third month, the yiyou day, the palace examination of tribute scholars from across the realm began; Wu Bozong and others were granted the jinshi degree with distinctions of rank. On the yisi day, seventeen thousand households from beyond the mountains were relocated to garrison Beiping. On the dingwei day, Earl of Chengyi Liu Ji retired from office. In the fourth month of summer, on the bingxu day, Fu Youde captured Jiezhou, and Wen, Long, and Mian prefectures fell in succession. In the fifth month, autumn grain tax in Jiangxi and Zhejiang was remitted. In the sixth month, on the renwu day, Fu Youde captured Hanzhou. On the xinmao day, Liao Yongzhong captured Kuizhou. On the wuxu day, Ming Sheng's general Ding Shizhen captured Wenzhou, and defending general Zhu Xianzhong died in the fighting. On the guimao day, Tang He reached Chongqing and Ming Sheng surrendered. On the wushen day, Japanese pirates raided Jiaozhou. That month, thirty-five thousand households from beyond the mountains were relocated inland, and thirty-two thousand refugees from the desert were resettled to farm at Beiping. In the seventh month of autumn, on the xinhai day, Xu Da trained troops in Shanxi. On the xinyou day, Fu Youde took Chengdu and Sichuan was pacified. On the yichou day, Ming Sheng reached the capital and was enfeoffed Marquis of Guiyi. In the eighth month, on the jiawu day, land tax in the Central Capital, Huai, Yang, Tai, Chu, and Wuzhou was remitted. On the jiyou day, famine in Shaanxi was relieved. That month, sea bandits at Gaozhou rebelled and Vice Commissioner Wang Mingshan died in the fighting. On the first day of the ninth month, the gengxu day, there was a solar eclipse. In the tenth month of winter, on the bingshen day, the army that had attacked Shu returned. In the eleventh month, on the bingchen day, he performed the rites at the Circular Altar. On the gengshen day, an edict ordered that officials guilty of corruption were not to be pardoned. That month, land tax on disaster-stricken fields in Shaanxi and Henan was remitted. In the twelfth month, Xu Da returned. That year, Annan, Poni, Goryeo, Sanfoqi, Siam, Japan, and Zhenla presented tribute.

五年春正月癸丑，待制王禕使雲南，詔諭元梁王把匝剌瓦爾密。禕至，不屈死。乙丑，徙陳理、明升於高麗。甲戌，魏國公徐達為征虜大將軍，出雁門，趨和林，曹國公李文忠為左副將軍，出應昌，宋國公馮勝為征西將軍，取甘肅，征擴廓帖木兒。靖海侯吳禎督海運，餉遼東。衛國公鄧愈為征南將軍，江夏侯周德興、江陰侯吳良副之，分道討湖南、廣西洞蠻。二月丙戌，安南陳叔明弒其主日熞自立，遣使入貢，卻之。三月丁卯，都督僉事藍玉敗擴廓於土剌河。夏四月己卯，振濟南、萊州饑。戊戌，始行鄉飲酒禮。庚子，鄧愈平散毛諸洞蠻。五月壬子，徐達及元兵戰於嶺北，敗績。是月，詔曰：「天下大定，禮儀風俗不可不正。諸遭亂為人奴隸者復為民。凍餒者里中富室假貸之，孤寡殘疾者官養之，毋失所。鄉黨論齒，相見揖拜，毋違禮。婚姻毋論財。喪事稱家有無，毋惑陰陽拘忌，停柩暴露。流民復業者各就丁力耕種，毋以舊田為限。僧道齋醮雜男女，恣飲食，有司嚴治之。閩、粵豪家毋閹人子為火者，犯者抵罪。」六月丙子，定宦官禁令。丁丑，定宮官女職之制。戊寅，馮勝克甘肅，追敗元兵於瓜、沙州。癸巳，定六部職掌及歲終考績法。壬寅，吳良平靖州蠻。甲辰，李文忠敗元兵於阿魯渾河，宣甯侯曹良臣戰沒。乙巳，作鐵榜誡功臣。是月，振山東饑，免被災郡縣田租。秋七月丙辰，湯和及元兵戰於斷頭山，敗績。八月丙申，吳良平五開、古州諸蠻。甲辰，元兵犯雲內，同知黃里死之。九月戊午，周德興平婪鳳、安田諸蠻。冬十月丁酉，馮勝師還。是月，免應天、太平、鎮江、甯國、廣德田租。十一月辛酉，有事於圜丘。甲子，征南師還。壬申，納哈出犯遼東。是月，召徐達、李文忠還。十二月甲戌，詔以農桑學校課有司。辛巳，命百官奏事啟皇太子。庚子，鄧愈為征西將軍，征吐番。壬寅，貽元嗣君書。是年，瑣里、占城、高麗、琉球、烏斯藏入貢。高麗貢使再至，諭自後三年一貢。

In the fifth year, on the guichou day of the first spring month, Academician Wang Yi was sent as envoy to Yunnan with an edict instructing the Yuan Prince of Liang Bazhila'ermi. When Yi arrived, he refused to submit and was put to death. On the yichou day, Chen Li and Ming Sheng were relocated to Goryeo. On the jiaxu day, Duke of Wei Xu Da was appointed great general for the campaign against the barbarians, marching out of Yanmen toward Khara Khoto; Duke of Cao Li Wenzhong was left deputy general, marching out of Yingchang; Duke of Song Feng Sheng was western expedition general to take Gansu and campaign against Köke Temür. Marquis of Jinghai Wu Zhen supervised sea transport to supply Liaodong. Duke of Wei Deng Yu was appointed southern expedition general with Marquis of Jiangxia Zhou Dexing and Marquis of Jiangyin Wu Liang as deputies, advancing by separate routes against the cave barbarians of Hunan and Guangxi. In the second month, on the bingxu day, Chen Shuming of Annan murdered his lord Riri and seized power; he sent envoys with tribute, which was declined. In the third month, on the dingmao day, Commissioner-in-chief Lan Yu defeated Köke at the Tula River. In the fourth month of summer, on the jimao day, famine in Jinan and Laizhou was relieved. On the wuxu day, the village drinking ceremony was first performed. On the gengzi day, Deng Yu pacified the cave barbarians of Sanmao and elsewhere. In the fifth month, on the renzi day, Xu Da fought Yuan forces north of the ranges and was defeated. That month, an edict proclaimed: "The realm is now largely settled; ritual and custom must be set right. Those who had been enslaved during the turmoil were restored to commoner status. Those suffering from cold and hunger were to be lent to by wealthy households in the village; orphans, widows, and the disabled were to be supported by the government so that none were abandoned. In the village, precedence was determined by age; on meeting, people were to bow and salute without violating ritual propriety. Marriages were not to be arranged on the basis of wealth. Funerals were to be conducted according to what a family could afford, without being misled by yin-yang taboos into leaving coffins exposed. Returning refugees were each to farm according to their labor, without being limited to their former holdings. Buddhist and Daoist assemblies that mixed men and women and indulged in feasting were to be strictly punished. In Fujian and Guangdong, powerful families were forbidden to castrate boys as fire-keepers; violators were punished according to law. In the sixth month, on the bingzi day, prohibitions on eunuchs were codified. On the dingchou day, the system of palace women and female offices was established. On the wuyin day, Feng Sheng captured Gansu and pursued and defeated Yuan forces at Guazhou and Shazhou. On the guisi day, the duties of the Six Ministries and the year-end performance review law were established. On the renyin day, Wu Liang pacified the barbarians of Jingzhou. On the jiachen day, Li Wenzhong defeated Yuan forces on the Aru River; Marquis of Xuanning Cao Liangchen died in battle. On the yisi day, an iron tablet was cast to admonish the meritorious ministers. That month, famine in Shandong was relieved and land tax in disaster-stricken prefectures and counties was remitted. In the seventh month of autumn, on the bingchen day, Tang He fought Yuan forces at Broken Head Mountain and was defeated. In the eighth month, on the bingshen day, Wu Liang pacified the barbarians of Wukai, Guzhou, and elsewhere. On the jiachen day, Yuan forces invaded Yunnei and Vice Commissioner Huang Li died in the fighting. In the ninth month, on the wuwu day, Zhou Dexing pacified the barbarians of Lanfeng, Antian, and elsewhere. In the tenth month of winter, on the dingyou day, Feng Sheng's army returned. That month, land tax in Yingtian, Taiping, Zhenjiang, Ningguo, and Guangde was remitted. In the eleventh month, on the xinyou day, he performed the rites at the Circular Altar. On the jiazi day, the southern expedition army returned. On the renshen day, Naghachu attacked Liaodong. That month, Xu Da and Li Wenzhong were recalled. In the twelfth month, on the jiaxu day, an edict ordered that agriculture, sericulture, and schools be made the measure of officials' performance. On the xinsi day, all officials presenting memorials were ordered to inform the crown prince. On the gengzi day, Deng Yu was appointed western expedition general to campaign against Tibet. On the renyin day, a letter was sent to the Yuan successor. That year, Suoli, Champa, Goryeo, Ryukyu, and U-Tsang presented tribute. Goryeo tribute envoys arrived a second time; they were instructed that henceforth tribute would be presented once every three years.

六年春正月甲寅，謫汪廣洋為廣東參政。二月乙未，諭暫罷科舉，察舉賢才。壬寅，命御史及按察使考察有司。三月癸卯朔，日有食之。頒《昭鑒錄》，訓誡諸王。戊申，太閱。壬子，徐達為征虜大將軍，李文忠、馮勝、鄧愈、湯和副之，備邊山西、北平。甲子，指揮使於顯為總兵官，備倭。夏四月己丑，令有司上山川險易圖。六月壬午，盱眙獻瑞麥，薦宗廟。壬辰，擴廓帖木兒遣兵攻雁門，指揮吳均擊卻之。是月，免北平、河間、河南、開封、延安、汾州被災田租。秋七月壬寅，命戶部稽渡江以來各省水旱災傷分數，優恤之。壬子，胡惟庸為右丞相，八月乙亥，詔祀三皇及歷代帝王。冬十月辛巳，召徐達、馮勝還。十一月壬子，擴廓帖木兒犯大同，徐達遣將擊敗之，達仍留鎮。甲子，遣兵部尚書劉仁振真定饑。丙寅，冬至，帝不豫，改卜郊。閏月乙亥，錄故功臣子孫未嗣者二百九人。壬午，有事於圜丘。庚寅，頒定《大明律》。是年，暹羅、高麗、占城、真臘、三佛齊入貢。命安南陳叔明權知國事。

In the sixth year, on the jiayin day of the first spring month, Wang Guangyang was demoted to Administrative Commissioner of Guangdong. In the second month, on the yiwei day, an edict ordered the civil service examination temporarily suspended and worthy talent sought by recommendation. On the renyin day, censors and surveillance commissioners were ordered to investigate local officials. On the first day of the third month, the guimao day, there was a solar eclipse. The Mirror for Reflection Record was promulgated to instruct and admonish the princes. On the wushen day, a great military review was held. On the renzi day, Xu Da was appointed great general for the campaign against the barbarians, with Li Wenzhong, Feng Sheng, Deng Yu, and Tang He as deputies, to guard the borders of Shanxi and Beiping. On the jiazi day, Commander Yu Xian was appointed commander-in-chief to guard against Japanese pirates. In the fourth month of summer, on the jichou day, officials were ordered to submit maps of mountains and rivers showing strategic terrain. In the sixth month, on the renwu day, Xuyi presented auspicious wheat, which was offered at the ancestral temple. On the renchen day, Köke Temür dispatched troops to attack Yanmen, and Commander Wu Jun repelled them. That month, land tax on disaster-stricken fields in Beiping, Hejian, Henan, Kaifeng, Yan'an, and Fenzhou was remitted. In the seventh month of autumn, on the renyin day, the Ministry of Revenue was ordered to verify flood, drought, and disaster damage in each province since the crossing of the Yangzi and grant preferential relief. On the renzi day, Hu Weiyong became right grand councilor; in the eighth month, on the yihai day, an edict ordered sacrifice to the Three Sovereigns and emperors through the ages. In the tenth month of winter, on the xinsi day, Xu Da and Feng Sheng were recalled. In the tenth month of winter, on the xinsi day, Xu Da and Feng Sheng were recalled. In the eleventh month, on the renzi day, Köke Temür invaded Datong; Xu Da's generals defeated him, and Xu Da remained to garrison the region. On the jiazi day, Minister of War Liu Ren was dispatched to relieve famine in Zhending. On the bingyin day, the winter solstice—the emperor was unwell and the suburban sacrifice was postponed. On the renwu day, he performed the rites at the Circular Altar. On the gengyin day, the Great Ming Code was promulgated. That year, Siam, Goryeo, Champa, Zhenla, and Sanfoqi presented tribute. Chen Shuming of Annan was ordered to administer state affairs provisionally.

七年春正月甲戌，都督僉事王簡、王誠、平章李伯升屯田河南、山東、北平。靖海侯吳禎為總兵官，都督於顯副之，巡海捕倭。二月丁酉朔，日有食之。戊午，修曲阜孔子廟，設孔、顏、孟三氏學。是月，平陽、太原、汾州、曆城、汲縣旱蝗，並免租稅。夏四月己亥，都督藍玉敗元兵於白酒泉，遂拔興和。壬寅，金吾指揮陸齡討永、道諸州蠻，平之。五月丙子，免真定等四十二禕府州縣被災田租。辛巳，振蘇州饑民三十萬戶。癸巳，減蘇、松、嘉、湖極重田租之半。六月，陝西平涼、延安、靖寧、鄜州雨雹，山西、山東、北平、河南蝗，並蠲田租。秋七月甲子，李文忠破元兵於大寧、高州。壬申，倭寇登、萊。八月甲午朔，祀歷代帝王廟。辛丑，詔軍士陣歿父母妻子不能自存者，官為存養。百姓避兵離散或客死，遺老幼，並資遣還。遠宦卒官，妻子不能歸者，有司給舟車資送。庚申，振河間、廣平、順德、真定饑，蠲租稅。九月丁丑，遣崇禮侯買的裏八剌歸，遺元嗣君書。冬十一月壬戌，納哈出犯遼陽，千戶吳壽擊走之。辛未，有事於圜丘。十二月戊戌，召鄧愈、湯和還。是年，阿難功德國、暹羅、琉球、三佛齊、烏斯藏、撒裏、畏兀兒入貢。

In the seventh year, on the jiaxu day of the first spring month, Commissioners-in-chief Wang Jian and Wang Cheng and Pingzhang Li Bosheng established garrison farms in Henan, Shandong, and Beiping. Marquis of Jinghai Wu Zhen was appointed commander-in-chief with Commissioner Yu Xian as deputy to patrol the seas and capture Japanese pirates. Marquis of Jinghai Wu Zhen was appointed commander-in-chief with Commissioner Yu Xian as deputy to patrol the seas and capture Japanese pirates. On the first day of the second month, the dingyou day, there was a solar eclipse. On the wuwu day, the Confucius temple at Qufu was repaired and schools for the Kong, Yan, and Meng clans were established. That month, Pingyang, Taiyuan, Fenzhou, Licheng, and Jixian suffered drought and locusts, and rent and tax were remitted. In the fourth month of summer, on the jihai day, Commissioner Lan Yu defeated Yuan forces at White Wine Spring and captured Xinghe. On the renyin day, Golden Guard Commander Lu Ling attacked the barbarians of Yong and Dao prefectures and pacified them. In the fifth month, on the bingzi day, land tax on disaster-stricken fields in forty-two prefectures and counties including Zhending was remitted. On the xinsi day, three hundred thousand famine-stricken households in Suzhou were relieved. On the guisi day, the heaviest land tax in Suzhou, Songjiang, Jiaxing, and Huzhou was reduced by half. In the sixth month, Pingliang, Yan'an, Jingning, and Fuzhou in Shaanxi were struck by hail; Shanxi, Shandong, Beiping, and Henan suffered locusts; land tax was remitted throughout. On the renshen day, Japanese pirates raided Deng and Lai. On the renshen day, Japanese pirates raided Deng and Lai. On the first day of the eighth month, the jiawu day, sacrifice was performed at the temple of emperors through the ages. On the xinchou day, an edict ordered that where soldiers died in battle and their families could not support themselves, the government was to maintain them. Common people scattered by war or who had died away from home leaving the elderly and children behind were all given resources and sent home. Officials who died in distant posts whose families could not return were to be given boats, carts, and travel funds by the responsible officials. On the gengshen day, famine in Hejian, Guangping, Shunde, and Zhending was relieved and rent and tax remitted. In the ninth month, on the dingchou day, Marquis of Chongli Maidilibali was sent home and a letter was sent to the Yuan successor. On the xinwei day, he performed the rites at the Circular Altar. On the xinwei day, he performed the rites at the Circular Altar. That year, the State of Ananda Merit, Siam, Ryukyu, Sanfoqi, U-Tsang, Sali, and Uighur presented tribute.

八年春正月辛未，增祀雞籠山功臣廟一百八人。癸酉，命有司察窮民無告者，給屋舍衣食。辛巳，鄧愈、湯和等十三人屯戍北平、陝西、河南。丁亥，詔天下立社學。是月，河決開封，發民夫塞之。二月甲午，宥雜犯死罪以下及官犯私罪者，謫鳳陽輸作屯種贖罪。癸丑，耕耤田。召徐達、李文忠、馮勝還，傅友德等留鎮北平。三月辛酉，立鈔法。辛巳，罷寶源局鑄錢。

That year, the State of Ananda Merit, Siam, Ryukyu, Sanfoqi, U-Tsang, Sali, and Uighur presented tribute. In the eighth year, on the xinwei day of the first spring month, the roll of those honored at the Meritorious Ministers Temple on Jilong Mountain was increased by 108 persons. On the guiyou day, officials were ordered to investigate impoverished people with no one to plead for them and grant them housing, clothing, and food. On the xinsi day, Deng Yu, Tang He, and thirteen others garrisoned Beiping, Shaanxi, and Henan. On the dinghai day, an edict ordered community schools established throughout the realm. In the second month, on the jiawu day, amnesty was granted below capital punishment for miscellaneous crimes and for officials guilty of private offenses; they were banished to Fengyang to perform labor and garrison farming to redeem their guilt. On the guichou day, he plowed the sacred field. On the guichou day, he plowed the sacred field. Xu Da, Li Wenzhong, and Feng Sheng were recalled; Fu Youde and others remained to garrison Beiping. In the third month, on the xinyou day, paper currency was established.

夏四月辛卯，幸中都。丁巳，至自中都。免彰德、大名、臨洮、平涼、河州被災田租。罷營中都。致仕誠意怕劉基卒。五月己巳，永嘉候硃亮祖偕傅友德鎮北平。六月壬寅，指揮同知胡汝平貴州蠻。

On the xinsi day, coin casting at the Baoyuan Bureau was abolished. In the fourth month of summer, on the xinmao day, he visited the Central Capital. On the dingsi day, he returned from the Central Capital. Land tax on disaster-stricken fields in Zhangde, Daming, Lintao, Pingliang, and Hezhou was remitted. Construction of the Central Capital was halted. Retired Earl of Chengyi Liu Ji died. In the fifth month, on the jisi day, Marquis of Yongjia Zhu Liangzu together with Fu Youde garrisoned Beiping.

秋七月己未朔，日有食之。辛酉，改作太廟。壬戌，召傅友德、硃亮祖還，李文忠、顧時鎮山西、北平。戊辰，詔百官奔父母喪不俟報。京師地震。丁丑，免應天、太平、甯國鎮江及蘄、黃諸府被災田租。八月己酉，元擴廓帖木兒卒。

In the sixth month, on the renyin day, Commander of the Second Rank Hu Ruping attacked Guizhou barbarians. On the first day of the seventh month of autumn, the jiwei day, there was a solar eclipse. On the xinyou day, the Grand Temple was rebuilt. On the renxu day, Fu Youde and Zhu Liangzu were recalled; Li Wenzhong and Gu Shi garrisoned Shanxi and Beiping. On the Wuchen day, an edict ordered that officials rushing home for a parent's funeral need not await approval. The capital experienced an earthquake. On the dingchou day, land tax on disaster-stricken fields in Yingtian, Taiping, Ningguo, Zhenjiang, Qizhou, Huang, and other prefectures was remitted.

冬十月丁亥，詔舉富民素行端潔達時務者。壬子，命皇太子諸王講武中都。十一月丁丑，有事於圓丘。十二月戊子，京師地震。甲寅，遣使振蘇州、湖州、嘉興、松江、常州、太平、甯國、杭州水災。是月，納哈出犯遼東，指揮馬雲、葉旺大敗之。

In the eighth month, on the jiyou day, Yuan Köke Temür died. In the tenth month of winter, on the dinghai day, an edict sought wealthy commoners of upright conduct who understood current affairs. On the renzi day, the crown prince and princes were ordered to study military affairs at the Central Capital. In the eleventh month, on the dingchou day, he performed the rites at the Circular Altar. In the twelfth month, on the wuzi day, the capital experienced an earthquake. On the jiayin day, envoys were dispatched to relieve flood disaster in Suzhou, Huzhou, Jiaxing, Songjiang, Changzhou, Taiping, Ningguo, and Hangzhou.

是年，撒裏、高麗、占城、暹羅、日本、爪哇、三佛齊入貢。

That year, Sali, Goryeo, Champa, Siam, Japan, Java, and Sanfoqi presented tribute.

九年春正月，中山侯湯和，潁川侯傅友德，都督僉事藍玉、王弼，中書右丞丁玉，備邊延安。三月己卯，詔曰：「比年西征燉煌，北伐沙漠，軍需甲仗，皆資山、陝，又以秦、晉二府宮殿之役，重困吾民。平定以來，閭閻未息。國都始建，土木屢興。畿輔既極煩勞，外郡疲於轉運。今蓄儲有餘，其淮、揚、安、徽、池五府及山西、陝西、河南、福建、江西、浙江、北平、湖廣今年租賦，悉免之。」

That month, Naghachu invaded Liaodong and Commanders Ma Yun and Ye Wang inflicted a great defeat on him. In the third month, on the jimao day, an edict proclaimed: "In recent years the western expedition to Dunhuang and the northern campaign into the desert have drawn military supplies and armor entirely from Shanxi and Shaanxi; moreover palace construction in the Qin and Jin domains has heavily burdened our people. Since pacification, villages and towns have not yet recovered. Since pacification, villages and towns have not yet recovered. The national capital was first established and construction rose repeatedly. The capital region was taxed to the utmost; outer commanderies were exhausted by transport.

夏四月庚戌，京師自去年八月不雨，是日始雨。五月癸酉，自庚戌雨，至是日始霽。六月甲午，改行中書省為承宣佈政使司。辛丑，李文忠還。

Now that stores are ample, this year's rent and tax in Huai, Yang, An, Hui, Chi, and the five prefectures, together with Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan, Fujian, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Beiping, and Huguang, are entirely remitted." In the fourth month of summer, on the gengxu day, rain began in the capital, which had had no rain since the eighth month of the previous year. In the fifth month, on the guiyou day, rain that had fallen since the gengxu day finally cleared. In the sixth month, on the jiawu day, Branch Secretariats were changed to Pacification and Distribution Commissions.

秋七月癸丑朔，日有食之。是月，蠲蘇、松、嘉、湖水災田租，振永平旱災。元將伯顏帖木兒犯延安，傅友德敗降之。八月己酉，遣官省歷代帝王陵寢，禁芻牧，置守陵戶。忠臣烈士祠，有司以時葺治。分遣國子生修嶽鎮海瀆祠。西番朵兒只巴寇罕東，河州指揮甯正擊走之。閏九月庚寅，以災異詔求直言。

On the xinchou day, Li Wenzhong returned. On the first day of the seventh month of autumn, the guichou day, there was a solar eclipse. That month, land tax on flood-stricken fields in Suzhou, Songjiang, Jiaxing, and Huzhou was remitted and drought in Yongping was relieved. Yuan general Bayan Temür invaded Yan'an; Fu Youde defeated him and accepted his surrender. In the eighth month, on the jiyou day, officials were dispatched to inspect the mausoleums of emperors through the ages; grazing was forbidden and tomb-guard households were established. Shrines to loyal ministers and martyrs were to be maintained by officials at the proper seasons. Imperial Academy students were separately dispatched to repair the temples of the sacred mountains, great rivers, and seas. The Tibetan Dörbenba raided Han East; Hezhou Commander Ning Zheng attacked and drove him off.

冬十月己未，太廟成，自是行合享禮。丙子，命秦、晉、燕、吳、楚、齊諸王治兵鳳陽。十一月壬午，有事於圓丘。戊子，徙山西及真定民無產者田鳳陽。十二月甲寅，振畿內、浙江、湖北水災。己卯，遣都督同知沐英乘傳詣陝西問民疾苦。

In the tenth month of winter, on the jiwei day, the Grand Temple was completed; from this time the joint offering rite was performed. On the bingzi day, the princes of Qin, Jin, Yan, Wu, Chu, and Qi were ordered to drill troops at Fengyang. In the eleventh month, on the renwu day, he performed the rites at the Circular Altar. On the wuzi day, people from Shanxi and Zhending without property were relocated to farm at Fengyang. In the twelfth month, on the jiayin day, flood disaster in the capital region, Zhejiang, and Hubei was relieved. On the jimao day, Commissioner of the Second Rank Mu Ying was dispatched by express post to Shaanxi to inquire into the people's hardships.

是年，覽邦、琉球、安南、日本、烏斯藏、高麗入貢。

That year, Lanbang, Ryukyu, Annan, Japan, U-Tsang, and Goryeo presented tribute.

十年春正月辛卯，以羽林等衛軍益秦、晉、燕三府護衛。是春，振蘇、松、嘉、湖水災。

In the tenth year, on the xinmao day of the first spring month, guards from the Feathered Forest and other guards were added to the protective establishments of the Qin, Jin, and Yan princes. That spring, flood disaster in Suzhou, Songjiang, Jiaxing, and Huzhou was relieved.

夏四月己酉，鄧愈為征西將軍，沐英為副將軍，率師討吐番，大破之。是月，振太平、甯國及宜興、錢塘諸縣水災。五月庚子，韓國公李善長、曹國公李文忠總中書省、大都督府、御史台，議軍國重事。癸卯，振湖廣水災。丙午，戶部主事趙乾振荊、蘄遲緩，伏誅。六月丁巳，詔臣民言事者，實封達御前。丙寅，命政事啟皇太子裁決奏聞。

In the fourth month of summer, on the jiyou day, Deng Yu was appointed western expedition general with Mu Ying as deputy; they led an army against Tibet and inflicted a great defeat. That month, flood disaster in Taiping, Ningguo, and the counties of Yixing and Qiantang was relieved. In the fifth month, on the gengzi day, Duke of Han Li Shanchang and Duke of Cao Li Wenzhong jointly directed the Secretariat, the Chief Military Commission, and the Censorate to deliberate on weighty matters of state and army. On the guimao day, flood disaster in Huguang was relieved. On the bingwu day, Zhao Gan, a clerk in the Ministry of Revenue, was executed for the tardiness of his famine relief efforts in Jing and Qi. In the sixth month, on the dingsi day, an edict ordered that officials and commoners who wished to report affairs submit sealed memorials to reach the throne directly. On the bingyin day, government affairs were ordered to be submitted to the crown prince for decision and then reported to the throne.

秋七月甲申，置通政司。是月，始遣御史巡按州縣。八月庚戌，改建大祀殿於南郊。癸丑，選武臣子弟讀書國子監。九月丙申，振紹興、金華、衢州水災。辛丑，胡惟庸為左丞相，汪廣洋為右丞相。

In the seventh month of autumn, on the jiashen day, the Office of Transmission was established. That month, censors were first dispatched on inspection tours of prefectures and counties. In the eighth month, on the gengxu day, the Hall of Great Sacrifice was rebuilt at the southern suburb. On the guichou day, sons of military officers were selected to study at the National University. In the ninth month, on the bingshen day, flood disaster in Shaoxing, Jinhua, and Quzhou was relieved. On the xinchou day, Hu Weiyong was appointed left grand councilor and Wang Guangyang right grand councilor.

冬十月戊午，封沐英四平侯。辛酉，賜百官公田。十一月癸未，衛國公鄧愈卒。丁亥，合祀天地於奉天殿。是月，免河南、陝西、廣東、湖廣田租。威茂蠻叛，御史大夫丁玉為平羌將軍，討平之。十二月乙巳朔，日有食之。丁未，錄故功臣子孫百百餘人，授官有差。

In the tenth month of winter, on the wuwu day, Mu Ying was enfeoffed as Marquis of Siping. On the xinyou day, public fields were granted to officials. In the eleventh month, on the guiwei day, Duke of Wei Deng Yu died. On the dinghai day, Heaven and Earth were jointly sacrificed to in the Hall of Reverence for Heaven. That month, land tax in Henan, Shaanxi, Guangdong, and Huguang was remitted. The Weimao tribes rebelled; Censor-in-chief Ding Yu was appointed Pacification General of the Qiang and put down the rising. In the twelfth month, on the first day of the month, yisi, there was a solar eclipse. On the dingwei day, over one hundred descendants of deceased meritorious officials were registered and appointed to offices of varying rank.

是年，占城、三佛齊、暹羅、爪哇、真臘入貢。高麗使五至，以嗣王未立，卻之。

That year, Champa, Srivijaya, Siam, Java, and Cambodia sent tribute. Korean envoys arrived five times; because no successor king had yet been enthroned, they were turned away.

十一年春正月甲戌，封皇子椿為蜀王，柏湘王，桂豫王，模漢王，植衛王。改封吳王橚為周王。己卯，進封湯和信國公。是月，徵天下布政使及知府來朝。二月，指揮胡淵平茂州蠻。三月壬午，命奏事毋關白中書省。是月，第來朝官為三等。

In the eleventh year, on the jiaxu day of the first spring month, Prince Chun was enfeoffed as Prince of Shu, Prince Bai as Prince of Xiang, Prince Gui as Prince of Yu, Prince Mo as Prince of Han, and Prince Zhi as Prince of Wei. Prince of Wu Zhu Shu was reassigned as Prince of Zhou. On the jimao day, Tang He was promoted to Duke of the State of Xin. That month, provincial administrators and prefectural magistrates from throughout the realm were summoned to court. In the second month, Commander Hu Yuan pacified the Maozhou tribes. In the third month, on the renwu day, memorials were ordered to bypass the Secretariat. That month, officials who had come to court were ranked in three grades.

夏四月，元嗣君愛猷識理達臘殂，子脫古思帖木兒嗣。五月丁酉，存問蘇、松、嘉、湖被水災民，戶賜米一石，蠲逋賦六十五萬有奇。六月壬子，遣使祭故元嗣君。己巳，五開蠻叛，殺靖州指揮過興，以辰州指揮楊仲名為總兵官，討之。

In the fourth month of summer, the Yuan heir Ayurshiridara died and was succeeded by his son Toghus Temür. In the fifth month, on the dingyou day, officials inquired after flood victims in Suzhou, Songjiang, Jiaxing, and Huzhou, granting one picul of grain per household and remitting more than 650,000 in arrears. In the sixth month, on the renzi day, envoys were dispatched to perform sacrificial rites for the deceased Yuan heir. On the jisi day, the Wukai tribes rebelled and killed Jingzhou commander Guo Xing; Chenzhou commander Yang Zhongming was appointed supreme commander to suppress them.

秋七月丁丑，振平陽饑。是月，蘇、松、揚、臺海溢，遣官存恤。八月，免應天、太平、鎮江、甯國、廣德諸府州秋糧。九月丙申，追封劉繼祖為義惠侯。

In the seventh month of autumn, on the dingchou day, famine relief was extended in Pingyang. That month, flooding overflowed in Suzhou, Songjiang, Yangzhou, and Taizhou; officials were sent to investigate and provide relief. In the eighth month, autumn grain tax was remitted in Yingtian, Taiping, Zhenjiang, Ningguo, and Guangde prefectures and districts. In the ninth month, on the bingshen day, Liu Jizu was posthumously enfeoffed as Marquis of Yihui.

冬十月甲子，大祀殿成。十一月庚午，征西將軍西平侯沐英率都督藍玉、玉弼討西番。是月，五開蠻平。

In the tenth month of winter, on the jiazi day, the Hall of Great Sacrifice was completed. In the eleventh month, on the gengwu day, Western expedition general Mu Ying, Marquis of Xiping, led commanders Lan Yu and Yu Bi against the western tribes. That month, the Wukai rebellion was pacified.

是年，暹羅、闍婆、高麗、琉球、占城、三佛齊、朵甘、烏斯藏、彭亨、百花入貢。

That year, Siam, Java, Korea, Ryukyu, Champa, Srivijaya, Doker, U-Tsang, Pahang, and Baihua sent tribute.

十二年春正月己卯，始合禮天地於南郊。甲申，洮州十八族番叛，命沐英移兵討之。丙申，丁玉平松州蠻。二月戊戌，李文忠督理河、岷、臨、鞏軍事。乙巳，詔曰：「今春雨雪經旬。天下貧民困於饑寒者多有，其令有司給以鈔。」丙寅，信國公湯和率列候練兵臨清。

In the twelfth year, on the jimao day of the first spring month, Heaven and Earth were jointly sacrificed to at the southern suburb for the first time. On the jiashen day, the eighteen tribes of Taozhou rebelled; Mu Ying was ordered to transfer his forces to suppress them. On the bingshen day, Ding Yu pacified the Songzhou tribes. In the second month, on the wuxu day, Li Wenzhong was placed in overall charge of military affairs in He, Min, Lin, and Gong. On the yisi day, an edict said: "This spring, rain and snow have continued for ten days. Many poor people throughout the realm are suffering from hunger and cold; let the responsible offices be ordered to grant them paper currency. On the bingyin day, Duke of the State of Xin Tang He led the ranked marquises to drill troops at Linqing.

夏五月癸未，蠲北平田租。六月丁卯，都督馬雲征大寧。秋七月丙辰，丁玉回師討眉縣賊，平之。己未，李文忠還掌大都督府事。八月辛巳，詔凡致仕官復其家，終身無所與。九月己亥，沐英大破西番，擒其部長三副使。

In the fifth month of summer, on the guiwei day, land tax in Beiping was remitted. In the sixth month, on the dingmao day, Commander Ma Yun campaigned against Daning. In the seventh month of autumn, on the bingchen day, Ding Yu returned his army, attacked bandits in Mei county, and pacified them. On the jiwei day, Li Wenzhong resumed direction of the Chief Military Commission. In the eighth month, on the xinsi day, an edict ordered that retired officials have their households exempted and owe nothing for life. In the ninth month, on the jihai day, Mu Ying inflicted a great defeat on the western tribes and captured three of their deputy chiefs.

冬十一月甲午，沐英班師，封仇成、藍玉等十二人為侯。庚申，大寧平。十二月，汪廣洋貶廣南，賜死。徵天下博學老成之士至京師。

In the eleventh month of winter, on the jiawu day, Mu Ying returned his army; Qiu Cheng, Lan Yu, and twelve others were enfeoffed as marquises. On the gengshen day, Daning was pacified. In the twelfth month, Wang Guangyang was demoted to Guangnan and ordered to take his own life. Learned and elderly scholars from throughout the realm were summoned to the capital.

是年，占城、爪哇、暹羅、日本、安南、高麗入貢。高麗貢黃金百斤、白金萬兩，以不如約，卻之。

That year, Champa, Java, Siam, Japan, Annam, and Korea sent tribute. Korea presented one hundred jin of gold and ten thousand taels of silver; because the gift did not conform to the agreement, it was declined.

十三年春正月戊戌，左丞相胡惟庸謀反，及其黨御史大夫陳甯、中丞塗節等伏誅。癸卯，大祀天地於南郊。罷中書省，廢丞相等官，更定六部官秩，改大都督府為中、左、右、前、後五軍都督府。二月壬戌朔，詔舉聰明正直、孝弟力田、賢良方正、文學術數之士。發丹符，驗天下金穀之數。戊辰，文武官年六十以上者聽致仕，給以誥敕。三月壬辰，減蘇、松、嘉、湖重賦十之二。壬寅，燕王隸之國北平。壬子，沐英襲元將脫火赤於亦集乃，擒之，盡降其眾。

In the thirteenth year, on the wuxu day of the first spring month, Left Grand Councilor Hu Weiyong plotted rebellion; he and his partisans Censor-in-chief Chen Ning, Vice Censor-in-chief Tu Jie, and others were executed. On the guimao day, Heaven and Earth were greatly sacrificed to at the southern suburb. The Secretariat was abolished, the offices of grand councilor and the like were eliminated, the ranks of the Six Ministries were revised, and the Chief Military Commission was restructured into five military commissions: Central, Left, Right, Front, and Rear. In the second month, on the first day of the month, renxu, an edict summoned men of discernment and integrity, filial piety and diligence in farming, eminent virtue and upright character, and those skilled in letters and calculations. Red tally tokens were issued to audit grain and treasure counts throughout the realm. On the Wuchen day, civil and military officials aged sixty or above were permitted to retire and were granted patent letters of appointment. In the third month, on the renchen day, the heavy levies of Suzhou, Songjiang, Jiaxing, and Huzhou were reduced by two-tenths. On the renyin day, the Prince of Yan went to his fief at Beiping. On the renzi day, Mu Ying raided the Yuan general Tuo Huochi at Yijinai, captured him, and all his forces surrendered.

夏四月己丑，命群臣各舉所知。五月甲午，雷震謹身殿。乙未，大赦。丙申，釋在京及臨濠屯田輸作者。己亥，免天下田租。吏以過誤罷者還其職。壬寅，都督濮英進兵赤斤站，獲故元豳王亦憐真及其部曲而還。是月，罷御史台。命從征士卒老疾者許以子代，老而無子及寡婦，有司資遣還。六月丙寅，雷震奉天門，避正殿省愆。丁卯，罷王府工役。丁丑，置諫院官。

In the fourth month of summer, on the jichou day, officials and ministers were ordered each to recommend men they knew. In the fifth month, on the jiawu day, lightning struck the Hall of Vigilance. On the yiwei day, a general amnesty was proclaimed. On the bingshen day, corvée laborers at the capital and Linhuang garrison farms were released. On the jihai day, land tax throughout the realm was remitted. Clerks dismissed for minor errors were restored to office. On the renyin day, Commander Pu Ying advanced to Chijin Station, captured the former Yuan Prince of Bin Yilianzhen and his followers, and returned. That month, the Censorate was abolished. Campaign soldiers who were aged or ill were permitted to send sons in their stead; those who were old and without sons, and widows, were provided for and sent home by the offices. In the sixth month, on the bingyin day, lightning struck the Gate of Reverence for Heaven; the emperor left the main hall and examined his faults. On the dingmao day, corvée labor on princely establishments was halted. On the dingchou day, remonstrance officials were established.

秋八月，命天下學校師生，日給廩膳。九月辛卯，景川侯曹震、營陽侯楊璟、永城侯恭顯屯田北平。乙巳，天壽節，始受群臣朝賀，賜宴於謹身殿，後以為常。丙午，置四輔官，告於太廟。以儒士王本、估佑、襲斅、杜斅、趙民望、吳源為春、夏官。是月，詔陝西衛軍以三分之二屯田。安置翰林學士承旨宋濂於茂州，道卒。

In the eighth month of autumn, teachers and students in schools throughout the realm were granted daily grain stipends. In the ninth month, on the xinmao day, Marquis of Jingchuan Cao Zhen, Marquis of Yingyang Yang Jing, and Marquis of Yongcheng Gong Xian undertook garrison farming in Beiping. On the yisi day, the emperor's birthday, the court for the first time received congratulations from officials and granted a feast in the Hall of Vigilance; afterward this became regular practice. On the bingwu day, Four Assisting Officials were established and the matter was announced at the Grand Ancestral Temple. Confucian scholars Wang Ben, Gu You, Xi Jiao, Du Jiao, Zhao Minwang, and Wu Yuan were appointed as Spring and Summer officials. That month, an edict ordered Shaanxi guard troops to devote two-thirds of their strength to garrison farming. Hanlin Academician-expositor Song Lian was sent to Maozhou and died on the way.

冬十一月乙未，徐達還。丙午，元平章完者不花、乃兒不花犯永平，指揮劉廣戰沒，千戶王輅擊敗之，擒完者不花。十二月，天下府州縣所舉士至者八百六十餘人，授官有差。南雄侯趙庸鎮廣東，討陽春蠻。

In the eleventh month of winter, on the yiwei day, Xu Da returned. On the bingwu day, former Yuan Pingzhang Wan Zhebuhua and Na'erbuhua attacked Yongping; Commander Liu Guang fell in battle, but Wagon Master Wang Lu defeated them and captured Wan Zhebuhua. In the twelfth month, over eight hundred sixty scholars recommended by prefectures, districts, and counties throughout the realm arrived and were appointed to offices of varying rank. Marquis of Nanxiong Zhao Yong garrisoned Guangdong and campaigned against the Yangchun tribes.

是年，琉球、日本、安南、占城、真臘、爪哇入貢，日本以無表卻之。

That year, Ryukyu, Japan, Annam, Champa, Cambodia, and Java sent tribute; Japan's tribute was declined for lack of a formal memorial.

十四年春正月戊子，徐達為征虜大將軍，湯和、傅友德為左、右副將軍，帥師討乃兒不花。命新授官者各舉所知。乙未，大祀天地於南郊。壬子，罷天下歲造兵器。癸丑，命公候子弟入國學。丙辰，詔求隱逸。二月庚辰，核天下官田。三月丙戌，大赦。辛丑，頒《五經》、《四書》於北方學校。

In the fourteenth year, on the wuzi day of the first spring month, Xu Da was appointed Grand General Who Conquers the Barbarians, with Tang He and Fu Youde as left and right deputy generals; they led armies against Na'erbuhua. Newly appointed officials were each ordered to recommend men they knew. On the yiwei day, Heaven and Earth were greatly sacrificed to at the southern suburb. On the renzi day, the annual manufacture of weapons throughout the realm was halted. On the guichou day, sons of dukes and marquises were ordered to enter the National University. On the bingchen day, an edict sought recluses. In the second month, on the gengchen day, official fields throughout the realm were audited. In the third month, on the bingxu day, a general amnesty was proclaimed. On the xinchou day, the Five Classics and Four Books were promulgated to schools in the north.

夏四月庚午，徐達率諸將出塞，至北黃河，擊破元兵，獲全寧四部以歸。五月，五溪蠻叛，江夏侯周德興討平之。

In the fourth month of summer, on the gengwu day, Xu Da led the generals beyond the frontier to the Northern Yellow River, defeated the Yuan army, and returned with the four divisions of Quanning. In the fifth month, the Wuxi barbarians rebelled and Marquis of Jiangxia Zhou Dexing subdued them.

秋八月丙子，詔求明經老成之士，有司禮送京師。庚辰，河決原武、祥符、中牟。辛巳，徐達還。九月壬午朔，傅友德為征南將軍，藍玉、沐英為左、右副將軍，帥征支南。徐達鎮北平。丙午，周德興移師討施州蠻，平之。

In the eighth month of autumn, on the bingzi day, an edict sought elderly scholars versed in the classics, to be escorted to the capital with all due ceremony. On the gengchen day, the Yellow River broke its banks at Yuanwu, Xiangfu, and Zhongmou. On the xinsi day, Xu Da returned. On the renwu day, the first of the ninth month, Fu Youde was appointed southern expedition general with Lan Yu and Mu Ying as left and right deputies, leading an army to conquer Yunnan. Xu Da garrisoned Beiping. On the bingwu day, Zhou Dexing shifted his army to attack the Shizhou barbarians and pacified them.

冬十月壬子朔，日有食之。癸丑，命法司錄囚，會翰林院給事中及春坊官會議平允以聞。甲寅，免應天、太平、應德、鎮江、甯國田租。癸亥，分遣御史錄囚。己卯，延安侯唐勝宗帥師討浙東山寇，平之。十一月壬午，吉安侯陸仲亨鎮成都。庚戌，趙庸討廣州海寇，大破之。十二月丁巳，命翰林春坊官考駁諸司章奏。戊辰，傅友德大敗元兵於白石江，遂下曲靖。壬申，元梁王把匝剌瓦爾密走普寧自殺。

On the first day of the tenth month of winter, the renzi day, there was a solar eclipse. On the guichou day, the judiciary was ordered to review prisoners, and Hanlin academicians together with Eastern Palace officials were to meet, discuss fairness, and report. On the jiayin day, land tax in Yingtian, Taiping, Yingde, Zhenjiang, and Ningguo was remitted. On the guihai day, censors were separately dispatched to review prisoners. On the jimao day, Marquis of Yan'an Tang Shengzong led an army against mountain bandits in eastern Zhe and pacified them. In the eleventh month, on the renwu day, Marquis of Ji'an Lu Zhongheng garrisoned Chengdu. On the gengxu day, Zhao Yong attacked Guangzhou sea bandits and routed them. In the twelfth month, on the dingsi day, Hanlin and Eastern Palace officials were ordered to examine memorials from all offices. On the Wuchen day, Fu Youde routed Yuan forces at the White Stone River and then captured Qujing. On the renshen day, the Yuan Prince of Liang Bazhila'ermi fled to Puning and took his own life.

是年，暹羅、安南、爪哇、朵甘、烏斯藏入貢。以安南寇思明，不納。

That year, Siam, Annan, Java, Doker, and U-Tsang presented tribute. Because Annan had raided Siming, their tribute was refused.

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