1
廖永安
Liao Yongan
2
廖永安，字彥敬。 德慶侯永忠兄也。 太祖初起，永安兄弟偕俞通海等以舟師自巢湖來歸。 太祖親往收其軍，遂以舟師攻元中丞蠻子海牙於馬場河。 元人駕樓船，不利進退，而永安輩操舟若飛，再戰，再破元兵，始定渡江策。 頃之，發江口。 永安舉帆，請所向，命直指牛渚。 西北風方驟，頃刻達岸。 太祖急揮甲士鼓勇以登，採石鎮兵皆潰，遂乘勝取太平。 授管軍總管。 以舟師破海牙水柵，擒陳兆先，入集慶。 擢建康翼統軍元帥。 以舟師從取鎮江，克常州，擢同僉江南行樞密院事。 又以舟師同常遇春自銅陵趨池州。 合攻，破其北門，執徐壽輝守將，遂克池州。 偕俞通海拔江陰之石牌戍，降張士誠守將欒瑞。 擢同知樞密院事。 又以舟師破士誠兵於常熟之福山港。 再破之通州之狼山，獲其戰艦以歸。 遂從徐達復宜興，乘勝深入太湖。 遇吳將呂珍，與戰。 後軍不繼，舟膠淺，被執。
Liao Yongan, whose courtesy name was Yanjing, was the elder brother of Liao Yongzhong, later enfeoffed as Marquis of Deqing. In the earliest days of the founding emperor's rise, the Yongan brothers came over from Chaohu Lake with Yu Tonghai and others, leading a naval force. The founding emperor went in person to incorporate their forces, then sent the fleet against the Yuan vice censor-in-chief Balutu Haiya at Machang River. The Yuan forces relied on tower ships, which were awkward to maneuver, whereas Yongan and his comrades handled their vessels like flying craft. After two engagements they twice routed the Yuan navy, and the plan to cross the Yangzi was at last fixed. Before long the fleet weighed anchor at the river mouth. Yongan hoisted sail and asked for a heading; he was told to make straight for Niuzhu. A stiff northwest wind suddenly rose, and within moments they were ashore. The founding emperor urgently ordered armored troops ashore with drums beating to hearten them; the Caishi garrison broke and fled, and the army pressed on to seize Taiping. He was appointed director-general in charge of troop management. Leading the fleet he smashed Haiya's river blockade, took Chen Zhaoxian prisoner, and entered Jiqing. He was promoted to marshal of the Jiankang wing command. He accompanied the fleet in taking Zhenjiang and capturing Changzhou, and was promoted to associate administrator of the Jiangnan branch secretariat. Again with the fleet he joined Chang Yuchun in advancing from Tongling toward Chizhou. In a joint assault they breached the north gate, captured Xu Shouhui's defending general, and took Chizhou. With Yu Tonghai he took the Shibai garrison on the Yangzi at Jiangyin and induced Zhang Shicheng's defender Luan Rui to submit. He was promoted to vice director of the secretariat. Again leading the fleet he routed Zhang Shicheng's forces at Fushan Harbor in Changshu. He defeated them again at Langshan in Tongzhou and returned with captured warships. He then followed Xu Da in recovering Yixing and, riding the momentum, pushed deep into Lake Tai. There he met the Wu general Lü Zhen and fought him. The rear guard failed to keep up, his boat grounded in the shallows, and he was taken prisoner.
3
永安長水戰，所至輒有功。 士誠愛其才勇，欲降之，不可，為所囚。 太祖壯永安不屈，遙授行省平章政事，封楚國公。 永安被囚凡八年，竟死於吳。 吳平，喪還，太祖迎祭於郊。
Yongan was a master of naval combat and won distinction wherever he fought. Zhang Shicheng admired his talent and courage and tried to win him over, but Yongan refused to submit and remained a captive. The founding emperor honored Yongan's refusal to yield by conferring on him from afar the title of branch secretariat grand councillor and enfeoffing him as Duke of Chu. Yongan remained a prisoner for eight years and ultimately died in Wu territory. After Wu was pacified, his coffin was brought home, and the founding emperor went out beyond the city to receive it and offer sacrifice.
4
洪武六年，帝念天下大定，諸功臣如永安及俞通海、張德勝、耿再成、胡大海、趙德勝、桑世傑皆已前沒，猶未有諡號，乃下禮部定議。 議曰：「有元失馭，四海糜沸。 英傑之士，或起義旅，或保一方，泯泯棼棼，莫知所屬。 真人奮興，不期自至，龍行而雲，虎嘯而鳳。 若楚國公臣永安等，皆熊羆之士、膂力之才，非陷堅沒陣，即罹變捐軀，義與忠俱，名耀天壤。 陛下混一天下，追維舊勞，爵祿及子孫，烝嘗著祀典。 易名定諡，於禮為宜。 臣謹按諡法：以赴敵逢難，諡臣永安武閔； 殺身克戎，諡臣通海忠烈； 奉上致果，諡臣張德勝忠毅； 勝敵致強，諡臣大海武庄； 辟土斥境，武而不遂，諡臣再成武壯； 折衝禦侮，壯而有力，諡臣趙德勝武桓。 臣世傑，業封永義侯，與漢世祖封寇恂、景丹相類，當即以為諡。」 詔曰：「可。」 九年皆加贈開國輔運推誠宣力武臣、光祿大夫、柱國。 已，又改封永安鄖國公。 無子，授其從子升為指揮僉事。
In Hongwu year six, reflecting that the realm was at last largely settled, the emperor noted that founding ministers such as Yongan, Yu Tonghai, Zhang Desheng, Geng Zaicheng, Hu Dahai, Zhao Desheng, and Sang Shijie had all died without posthumous titles and ordered the Ministry of Rites to propose them. Their memorial read: "The Yuan had lost control of the realm and the four seas boiled with disorder. Heroic men raised armies or held their own territories in endless confusion, with no one to whom they might rally. Then the true sovereign arose in power, coming unbidden as if by heaven's will—where the dragon moves, clouds gather; where the tiger roars, the phoenix answers. Men such as Duke of Chu Yongan were warriors of bearlike strength; whether they fell storming enemy lines or perished in sudden disaster, they united righteousness with loyalty, and their fame shines across heaven and earth. Your Majesty has unified the realm, honored their past service, extended ranks and stipends to their descendants, and enrolled their seasonal sacrifices in the state ritual canon. To grant them posthumous names and titles is what ritual propriety requires. Your subject respectfully applies the posthumous canon: for meeting the enemy amid hardship, Yongan should receive the posthumous title Wu Min; for giving his life in overcoming the enemy, Tonghai should receive Zhong Lie; for serving the sovereign and achieving decisive results, Zhang Desheng should receive Zhong Yi; for defeating the enemy and strengthening the state, Hu Dahai should receive Wu Zhuang; for opening territory and extending the borders, though martial achievement was left unfinished, Geng Zaicheng should receive Wu Zhuang; for repelling the enemy and resisting aggression, stalwart and powerful, Zhao Desheng should receive Wu Huan. Sang Shijie had already been enfeoffed as Marquis of Eternal Righteousness, comparable to how Emperor Guangwu of Han enfeoffed Kou Xun and Jing Dan; that title should serve directly as his posthumous name." The edict replied: "Approved." In year nine all were further granted the titles Founding Assistant in Transporting Destiny, Promoting Sincerity and Displaying Merit Martial Minister, Grand Master of Splendid Happiness, and Pillar of the State. Later Yongan was re-enfeoffed as Duke of Yun. He had no son; his younger cousin Sheng was appointed assistant commander.
5
俞通海
Yu Tonghai
6
俞通海，字碧泉。 其先濠人也，父廷玉徙巢。 子三人，通海、通源、淵。 元末，盜起汝、潁。 廷玉父子與趙普勝、廖永安等結寨巢湖，有水軍千艘。 數為廬州左君弼所窘，遣通海間道歸太祖。 太祖方駐師和陽，謀渡江，無舟楫。 通海至，大喜曰：「天贊我也！」 親往撫其軍。 而趙普勝叛去。 元兵以樓船扼馬場河等口。 瀕湖惟一港可通，亦久涸。 會天大雨，水深丈余，乃引舟出江，至和陽。 通海為人沉毅，治軍嚴而有恩，士樂為用。 巢湖諸將皆長於水戰，而通海為最。 從破海牙諸水寨，授萬戶。 從渡江，克採石，取太平，徇下諸屬縣。 海牙復以戰艦截採石，而陳兆先合淮兵二十萬屯方山，相犄角。 通海與廖永安等擊之，大敗其眾，海牙遁。 進破兆先，取集慶路。 從湯和拔鎮江，遷秦淮翼元帥。 偕諸將取丹陽、金壇、常州。 遷行樞密院判官。 從克寧國，下水陽，因以舟師略太湖，降張士誠守將於馬跡山，艤舟胥口。 呂珍兵暴至，諸將欲退。 通海曰：「不可，彼眾我寡，退則情見。 不如擊之。」 乃身先疾斗，矢下如雨，中右目，不能戰。 命帳下士被己甲督戰。 敵以為通海也，不敢逼，徐解去。 由是一目遂眇。 已，偕永安等克石牌戍，奪馬馱沙而還。
Yu Tonghai, whose courtesy name was Biquan, came of a family originally from Hao; his father Tingyu had moved to Chao. Tingyu had three sons: Tonghai, Tongyuan, and Yuan. At the end of the Yuan, bandit armies rose in the Ru and Ying region. Tingyu and his sons joined Zhao Pusheng, Liao Yongan, and others in fortifying Chaohu Lake, where they maintained a fleet of a thousand vessels. Repeatedly harried by Zuo Junbi of Luzhou, they sent Tonghai by a secret route to join the founding emperor. The founding emperor was then encamped at Heyang, planning to cross the Yangzi but lacking any fleet. When Tonghai arrived, he exclaimed in delight: "Heaven is aiding me!" He went in person to rally their forces. By then Zhao Pusheng had already defected and departed. Yuan forces used tower ships to block the river mouths at Machang and elsewhere. Along the lakeshore only one harbor remained passable, and it had long been dry. Then heavy rain fell; the water rose more than ten feet, and they were able to lead the fleet out onto the Yangzi and reach Heyang. Tonghai was deep and resolute by nature; he commanded with strict discipline tempered by kindness, and his men served him gladly. The Chaohu commanders were all skilled in naval warfare, but Tonghai stood foremost among them. He took part in breaking Haiya's river stockades and was appointed commander of ten thousand households. He followed the Yangzi crossing, captured Caishi, took Taiping, and swept through the surrounding counties. Haiya again blocked Caishi with warships while Chen Zhaoxian massed two hundred thousand Huai troops at Fangshan, the two positions supporting each other. Tonghai and Liao Yongan attacked them, inflicted a crushing defeat, and Haiya fled. Pressing forward they defeated Zhaoxian and took the Jiqing circuit. He followed Tang He in taking Zhenjiang and was appointed marshal of the Qinhuai wing. With other generals he captured Danyang, Jintan, and Changzhou. He was promoted to vice director of the branch secretariat. He followed in taking Ningguo, descended to Shuiyang, then raided Lake Tai with the fleet, induced Zhang Shicheng's defender to surrender at Maji Mountain, and anchored at Xukou. Lü Zhen's forces suddenly appeared, and the other generals wanted to retreat. Tonghai said: "We cannot. They outnumber us; if we retreat we reveal our weakness. We should attack instead." He led the charge himself. Arrows fell like rain; he was struck in the right eye and could no longer fight. He ordered a subordinate to don his armor and direct the battle in his place. The enemy believed it was Tonghai himself and did not dare press the attack, and gradually withdrew. From that wound he was blind in one eye for the rest of his life. Later, with Yongan and others, he took the Shibai garrison, seized horses and grain, and returned.
7
普勝既叛歸友諒，陷池州，遣別將守，而自據樅陽水寨。 太祖方征浙東，以樅陽為憂。 通海往攻，大破之。 普勝陸走，盡獲其舟，遂復池州。 遷僉樞密院事。 陳友諒犯龍灣，偕諸將擊走之，追焚其舟於慈湖，擒七帥，逐北至採石。 功最，進樞密院同知。 從攻友諒，下銅陵，克九江，掠蘄、黃。 從徐達擊叛將祝宗、康泰，復南昌。 從援安豐，敗士誠兵。 還攻廬州。
After Pusheng defected to Chen Youliang, he seized Chizhou, left a deputy to hold it, and himself occupied the Zongyang river stockade. The founding emperor was campaigning in eastern Zhe and worried about the Zongyang stockade. Tonghai attacked and inflicted a crushing defeat. Pusheng fled overland; they captured his entire fleet and recovered Chizhou. He was promoted to associate director of the secretariat. When Chen Youliang invaded Longwan, Tonghai and other generals drove him off, pursued and burned his fleet at Cihu, captured seven commanders, and chased him north as far as Caishi. His merit ranked first, and he was promoted to vice director of the secretariat. He followed the campaign against Youliang, took Tongling, captured Jiujiang, and raided Qi and Huang. He followed Xu Da in suppressing the rebel generals Zhu Zong and Kang Tai and recovering Nanchang. He joined the relief of Anfeng and defeated Zhang Shicheng's forces. On the return march he attacked Luzhou.
8
友諒大舉圍南昌。 從太祖擊之。 遇於康郎山，舟小不能仰攻，力戰幾不支。 通海乘風縱火焚其舟二十余，敵少挫。 太祖舟膠，友諒驍將張定邊直前，犯太祖舟。 常遇春射中定邊，通海飛舸來援，舟驟進水涌，太祖舟得脫。 而通海舟復為敵巨艦所壓，兵皆以頭抵艦，兜鍪盡裂，僅免。 明日復戰，偕廖永忠等以七舟置火藥，焚敵舟數百。 逾二日，復以六舟深入。 敵連大艦力拒。 太祖登舵樓望，久之無所見，意已沒。 有頃，六舟繞敵艦出，飄颻若游龍。 軍士歡噪，勇氣百倍，戰益力。 友諒兵大敗。 師次左蠡，通海進曰：「湖有淺，舟難迴旋。 莫若入江，據敵上流。 彼舟入，即成擒矣。」 遂移師出湖，水陸結柵。 友諒不敢出。 居湖中一月，食盡，引兵突走，竟敗死。 是役也，通海功最多。 師還，賜良田金帛。
Youliang then raised a large army to besiege Nanchang. Tonghai followed the founding emperor to relieve the siege. They met at Kanglang Mountain. Their boats were too small to attack the enemy's towering vessels from below, and after fierce fighting they nearly broke. Tonghai used the wind to set fire to more than twenty enemy vessels, and the enemy's momentum faltered. The founding emperor's boat ran aground. Youliang's fierce general Zhang Dingbian pressed forward and attacked his vessel directly. Chang Yuchun shot Dingbian; Tonghai raced up in swift boats to rescue him. The water suddenly surged, the boat lurched forward, and the founding emperor escaped. Tonghai's own boat was then crushed by enemy great ships; his men braced their heads against the hull until their helmets cracked, and he barely escaped with his life. The next day they fought again. With Liao Yongzhong and others, seven boats loaded with gunpowder burned several hundred enemy vessels. Two days later six more boats penetrated deep into the enemy line. The enemy linked their great ships and resisted with all their strength. The founding emperor climbed to the stern tower to watch. For a long time he saw nothing and assumed the boats had been lost. Before long the six boats emerged from behind the enemy line, weaving through the fleet like swimming dragons. The troops erupted in cheers; their courage redoubled and they fought with renewed fury. Youliang's army suffered a crushing defeat. When the army halted at Zuoli, Tonghai advised: "The lake has shallows where boats cannot maneuver freely. We should enter the Yangzi and hold the upstream position against the enemy. Once their fleet enters the river, we can take them at will." The army was moved out of the lake, and palisades were erected on land and water alike. Youliang did not dare venture out. Trapped on the lake for a month until provisions ran out, he led a desperate breakout and was defeated and killed. In this campaign Tonghai's merit ranked first. When the army returned, he was rewarded with fertile land, gold, and silks.
9
明年從平武昌。 拜中書省平章政事。 總兵略劉家港，進逼通州，敗士誠兵，擒其將硃瓊、陳勝。 進攝江淮行中書省事，鎮廬州。 從徐達平安豐。 又從克湖州，略太倉。 秋毫不犯，民大悅。 圍平江，戰滅渡橋。 搗桃花塢，中流矢，創甚，歸金陵。 太祖幸其第，問曰：「平章知予來問疾乎？」 通海不能語。 太祖揮涕而出。 翼日卒，年三十八。 太祖臨哭甚哀，從官衛士皆感涕。 追封豫國公，侑享太廟，肖像功臣廟。 洪武三年，改封虢國公，諡忠烈。
The following year he took part in pacifying Wuchang. He was appointed grand councillor of the secretariat. In command of the army he raided Liujia Harbor, pressed toward Tongzhou, routed Zhang Shicheng's forces, and captured his generals Zhu Qiong and Chen Sheng. He was promoted to administer the Jianghuai branch secretariat and garrisoned Luzhou. He followed Xu Da in pacifying Anfeng. He again followed in capturing Huzhou and raiding Taicang. His troops did not harm a single civilian, and the people rejoiced. During the siege of Pingjiang he fought at Miedu Bridge. While raiding Taohua Dock he was struck by an arrow; badly wounded, he returned to Jinling. The founding emperor visited his home and asked: "Grand Councillor, did you know I came to inquire after your health?" Tonghai could not answer. The founding emperor wiped away his tears and left. He died the next day, aged thirty-eight. The founding emperor came in person to mourn and wept bitterly; officials and guards alike were moved to tears. He was posthumously made Duke of Yu, granted secondary sacrifice in the imperial ancestral temple, and his portrait installed in the Hall of Meritorious Ministers. In Hongwu year three he was re-enfeoffed as Duke of Guo with the posthumous title Zhong Lie (Loyal and Ardent).
10
通海父廷玉官僉樞密院事，先卒，追封河間郡公。 通海無子，弟通源嗣其官。
Tonghai's father Tingyu, who had served as associate director of the secretariat, had died earlier and was posthumously enfeoffed as Duke of Hejian. Tonghai had no son; his younger brother Tongyuan succeeded to his post.
11
弟通源
His younger brother, Tongyuan
12
通源，字百川。 從大將軍征中原，偕副將軍馮勝等會兵太原，定河中。 渡河，克鹿台，取鳳翔、鞏昌、涇州，守開城。 會張良臣據慶陽再叛，大將軍命諸將分兵蹙之。 通源自臨洮疾趨至涇，略其西，顧時略其北，傅友德略其東，陳德略其南。 大將軍逼城下，良臣援絕糧盡，敗死。 遂克慶陽。 征定西，克興元，皆先登。 洪武三年封南安侯，歲祿千五百石，予世券。 四年從廖永忠伐蜀，又從徐達出塞，撫甘肅，有功。 徙江南豪民十四萬田鳳陽。 又攻雲南，征廣南蠻，俘斬數萬。 二十二年詔還鄉，賜鈔五萬，置第於巢。 未行，卒。 子祖，病不能嗣。 逾年，追論胡黨，以通源死，不問，爵除。
Tongyuan, whose courtesy name was Baichuan, He followed the grand general in the Central Plain campaign, joined Vice General Feng Sheng at Taiyuan, and pacified Hezhong. Crossing the Yellow River, he took Lutai, captured Fengxiang, Gongchang, and Jingzhou, and garrisoned Kaicheng. When Zhang Liangchen rebelled again from Qingyang, the grand general ordered his commanders to converge on him from all sides. Tongyuan rushed from Lintao to Jing and attacked from the west; Gu Shihui from the north; Fu Youde from the east; and Chen De from the south. The grand general pressed the city until Liangchen's relief was cut off and provisions exhausted; he was defeated and killed. Qingyang was then captured. In the Dingxi campaign he captured Xingyuan, always being first over the wall. In Hongwu year three he was enfeoffed as Marquis of Nan'an with an annual stipend of fifteen hundred piculs and granted a hereditary patent of investiture. In year four he followed Liao Yongzhong against Shu, then joined Xu Da beyond the frontier to pacify Gansu, winning distinction. He relocated one hundred forty thousand wealthy families from Jiangnan to farm at Fengyang. He also attacked Yunnan and campaigned against the Guangnan tribes, capturing and killing tens of thousands. In year twenty-two he was ordered home, granted fifty thousand paper notes, and given a residence at Chao. Before he could depart, he died. His son Zu was too ill to inherit the title. The following year, in the purge of Hu Weiyong's faction, Tongyuan was already dead and went unpunished, but the title was abolished.
13
弟淵
His younger brother, Yuan
14
胡大海
Hu Dahai
15
胡大海，字通甫，虹人。 長身、鐵面，智力過人。 太祖初起，大海走謁滁陽，命為前鋒。 從渡江，與諸將略地，以功授右翼統軍元帥，宿衛帳下。 從破寧國，副院判鄧愈戍之。 遂拔徽州，略定其境內。 元將楊完者，以十萬眾來攻，大海戰城下，大破走之。 遂與鄧愈、李文忠自昱嶺關攻建德。 敗元師於淳安，遂克建德。 再敗楊完者，降溪洞兵三萬人。 進樞密院判官。 克蘭溪，從取婺州，遷僉樞密院事。 下諸暨，守將宵遁。 萬戶沈勝既降復叛，大海擊敗之，生擒四千餘人。 改諸暨為諸全州。 移兵攻紹興，再破張士誠兵。 太祖以寧、越重地，召大海使守之。 士誠將呂珍圍諸全，大海救之。 珍堰水灌城，大海奪堰，反灌珍營。 珍勢蹙，於馬上折矢誓。 請各解兵，許之。 郎中王愷曰：「珍猾賊，不可信，不如因擊之。」 大海曰：「言出而背之，不信； 既縱而擊之，不武。」 師還，人皆服其威信。 尋攻處州，走元將石抹宜孫，遂定處州七邑。
Hu Dahai, whose courtesy name was Tongfu, was a native of Hong. He was tall and broad-faced, with a countenance like iron, and his strength and intelligence surpassed ordinary men. When the founding emperor first rose, Dahai hurried to join him at Chuyang and was appointed vanguard commander. He followed the Yangzi crossing, joined other generals in seizing territory, and for his merit was appointed marshal of the right wing and served as a guard at headquarters. He took part in capturing Ningguo, which Vice Director Deng Yu garrisoned alongside him. He then captured Huizhou and pacified the surrounding region. The Yuan general Yang Wanzhe attacked with a hundred thousand men; Dahai met him below the walls, inflicted a crushing defeat, and drove him off. He then joined Deng Yu and Li Wenzhong in attacking Jiande from Yuling Pass. He defeated the Yuan army at Chun'an and captured Jiande. He again defeated Yang Wanzhe and induced thirty thousand tribal troops to surrender. He was promoted to vice director of the secretariat. He captured Lanxi, took part in capturing Wuzhou, and was promoted to associate director of the secretariat. He took Zhuji; the defending general fled overnight. Commander Shen Sheng had surrendered but rebelled again; Dahai defeated him and took more than four thousand prisoners. Zhuji was renamed Zhuju Prefecture. He moved against Shaoxing and again routed Zhang Shicheng's forces. Because Ning and Yue were strategically vital, the founding emperor recalled Dahai to guard them. Zhang Shicheng's general Lü Zhen besieged Zhuju; Dahai marched to relieve the city. Zhen dammed the water to flood the city; Dahai seized the dam and redirected the flood against Zhen's camp. Cornered, Zhen broke an arrow on horseback to swear an oath. He asked that both sides withdraw, and Dahai agreed. Attendant Wang Kai urged: "Zhen is a cunning enemy and cannot be trusted. We should attack him now." Dahai replied: "To give one's word and then break it is faithless; to let him go and then attack is unworthy of a warrior." When the army withdrew, all admired his integrity and authority. Soon afterward he attacked Chuzhou, drove off the Yuan general Shimo Yisun, and pacified all seven districts of the prefecture.
16
陳友諒寇龍江，命分軍搗信州，以牽制敵。 大海用王愷言，親引兵往，遂克信州，以為廣信府。 信方絕糧，或勸還師。 大海曰：「此閩、楚襟喉地也，可棄之乎？」 築城浚隍以守之。 先是，軍糧少，所得郡縣，將士皆征糧於民，名曰寨糧。 民甚病之。 大海以為言，始命罷去。 進江南行省參知政事，鎮金華。
When Chen Youliang raided Longjiang, he was ordered to detach troops and strike toward Xinzhou to pin down the enemy. Following Wang Kai's advice, Dahai led the army in person, captured Xinzhou, and established it as Guangxin Prefecture. Provisions in Xinzhou were exhausted, and some urged withdrawing. Dahai said: "This is the strategic gateway between Fujian and Chu. How can we abandon it?" He built walls, deepened the moat, and held the city. Previously, army provisions were scarce, and in conquered counties officers and soldiers levied grain from civilians under the name "stockade grain." The people suffered greatly under this practice. Dahai reported this to the throne, and only then was the practice abolished. He was promoted to vice administrator of the Jiangnan branch secretariat and garrisoned Jinhua.
17
初，嚴州既下，苗將蔣英、劉震、李福皆自桐廬來歸。 大海喜其驍勇，留置麾下。 至是，三人者謀作亂，晨入分省署，請大海觀弩於八詠樓。 大海出，英遣其黨跪馬前，詐訴英過。 大海未及答，反顧英。 英出袖中槌擊大海，中腦僕地。 並其子關住、郎中王愷皆遇害。 英等大掠城中，奔於吳。 其後，李文忠攻杭州，杭人執英以降。 太祖命誅英，刺其血以祭大海。
After Yanzhou fell, the tribal generals Jiang Ying, Liu Zhen, and Li Fu had submitted from Tonglu. Dahai admired their fighting spirit and kept them in his service. Now the three plotted rebellion. In the morning they entered the branch secretariat and invited Dahai to inspect crossbows at the Eight Odes Tower. As Dahai emerged, Ying sent his men to kneel before his horse and falsely accuse Ying of misconduct. Before Dahai could respond, he turned to look at Ying. Ying drew a mallet from his sleeve and struck Dahai on the head; he fell dead. His son Guanzhu and Attendant Wang Kai were killed as well. Ying and his men plundered the city and fled to Wu territory. Later, when Li Wenzhong attacked Hangzhou, the townspeople seized Ying and handed him over. The founding emperor ordered Ying executed and his blood used in sacrifice to Dahai.
18
大海善用兵，每自誦曰：「吾武人，不知書，惟知三事而已：不殺人，不掠婦女，不焚毀廬舍。」 以是軍行遠近爭附。 及死，聞者無不流涕。 又好士，所至輒訪求豪雋。 劉基、宋濂、葉琛、章溢之見聘也，大海實薦之。 追封越國公，諡武庄，肖像功臣廟，配享太廟。
Dahai was a skilled commander who often said: "I am a soldier who knows no books; I observe only three rules: do not kill civilians, do not seize women, and do not burn homes." Because of this, people near and far flocked to his banner wherever his army marched. When news of his death spread, all who heard wept. He also loved men of talent and wherever he went sought out eminent scholars. When Liu Ji, Song Lian, Ye Chen, and Zhang Yi were invited to serve, it was Dahai who had recommended them. He was posthumously enfeoffed as Duke of Yue with the posthumous title Wu Zhuang (Martial and Dignified); his portrait was placed in the Temple of Meritorious Ministers and he was granted sacrifice in the Grand Temple.
19
初，太祖克婺州，禁釀酒。 大海子首犯之。 太祖怒，欲行法。 時大海方征越，都事王愷請勿誅，以安大海心。 太祖曰：「寧可使大海叛我，不可使我法不行。」 竟手刃之。 及關住復被殺，大海遂無後。
When the founding emperor first captured Wuzhou, he banned the brewing of wine. Dahai's son was the first to break the ban. The founding emperor was furious and ordered him punished under the law. Dahai was then campaigning in Yue; Chief Secretary Wang Kai pleaded against execution so as not to unsettle Dahai. The founding emperor replied: "I would rather have Dahai rebel against me than let the law go unenforced." In the end he killed the boy with his own hand. When Guanzhu was later killed as well, Dahai left no heirs.
20
養子德濟
His adopted son, Deji
21
養子德濟，字世美，不知何許人。 大海帥以歸太祖。 從攻婺州，為誘兵，大破元兵於梅花門外，擒其將季彌章，由是知名。 既下信州，太祖以德濟為行樞密院同僉，使守之。 陳友諒將李明道來寇，德濟與力戰。 大海來援，夾擊之，擒明道及其宣慰王漢二。 及大海為蔣英所害，處州降將李祐之亦殺院判耿再成以叛。 張士誠聞浙東亂，遣其弟士信寇諸全。 德濟自信州往救，乘懈得入城，與知州欒鳳、院判謝再興分門守。 夜半，出敵不意，砍士信營，破走之。 擢浙江行省參知政事，移守新城。 士誠將李伯升帥步騎大入寇。 德濟固守，乞師於李文忠。 文忠馳救，德濟出兵夾擊，大破之，詳文忠傳。
His adopted son Deji, whose courtesy name was Shimei, was of unknown origin. Dahai brought him to join the founding emperor. In the attack on Wuzhou he served as bait, routed the Yuan army outside Meihua Gate, and captured their general Ji Mizhang, winning fame thereby. After Xinzhou fell, the founding emperor appointed Deji associate administrator of the branch secretariat and ordered him to hold the city. When Chen Youliang's general Li Mingdao attacked, Deji fought him fiercely. Dahai came to relieve him; in a pincer attack they captured Mingdao and his pacification commissioner Wang Han'er. After Dahai was murdered by Jiang Ying, the surrendered Chuzhou general Li Youzhi killed Vice Director Geng Zaicheng and rebelled as well. Hearing of disorder in eastern Zhe, Zhang Shicheng sent his younger brother Shixin to attack Zhuju. Deji marched from Xinzhou to relieve the city, slipped in while the enemy was off guard, and with Prefect Luan Feng and Vice Director Xie Zaixing held the gates between them. At midnight they struck Shixin's camp by surprise, routed him, and drove him off. He was promoted to vice administrator of the Zhejiang branch secretariat and transferred to guard Xincheng. Zhang Shicheng's general Li Bosheng led a large force of infantry and cavalry against him. Deji held the city and urgently requested reinforcements from Li Wenzhong. Wenzhong raced to the rescue; Deji sallied out in a pincer attack and inflicted a crushing defeat, as recounted in Wenzhong's biography.
22
時德濟所部有潛移家入新城者，文忠疑德濟使然。 誅其都事羅彥敬，欲微戒德濟。 將士皆怒，走告德濟。 德濟怡然曰：「右丞殺彥敬，自為廣信作戰衣有弊耳，再言者斬！」 於是太祖召德濟褒諭之，而責文忠失將士心。 且曰：「胡德濟之量，汝不及也。」 擢浙江行省右丞，賜駿馬。 未幾，改左丞，移鎮杭州。 從大將軍徐達出定西。 德濟軍失利，達斬其部將數人，械至京師。 帝念舊功，釋之。 復以為都指揮使，鎮陝西，卒。
Some of Deji's men had secretly moved their families into Xincheng; Wenzhong suspected Deji had ordered it. He executed Deji's chief secretary Luo Yanjing, intending a subtle warning to Deji. The officers and soldiers were furious and ran to tell Deji. Deji said calmly: "The right chancellor killed Yanjing only because the battle garments made for Guangxin were defective. Anyone who speaks of it again will be executed!" The founding emperor then summoned Deji to praise him and rebuked Wenzhong for losing the loyalty of his troops. He added: "Hu Deji's magnanimity is beyond yours." Deji was promoted to right chancellor of the Zhejiang branch secretariat and granted a fine horse. Soon afterward he was made left chancellor and transferred to garrison Hangzhou. He followed Grand General Xu Da on the Dingxi campaign. When Deji's army suffered defeat, Xu Da executed several of his subordinate generals and sent Deji to the capital in chains. The emperor, mindful of his past service, pardoned him. He was reappointed chief commander and garrisoned Shaanxi, where he died.
23
附樂鳯
Appended biography: Luan Feng
24
欒鳳，高郵人。 知諸全，有能聲。 方士信來攻，與謝再興力守，數出奇兵挫敵。 再興使部校鬻貨於杭，太祖慮其輸我軍虛實，召再興還，而以參軍李夢庚總制諸全軍馬。 既而念再興功，為兄子文正娶其長女，命徐達娶其幼女。 復遣守諸全。 再興忿夢庚出己上，鳳復以細故繩之，遂叛，殺鳳。 鳳妻王氏以身蔽鳳，並殺之。 執夢庚，降於士誠，夢庚亦死之。 太祖以再興數有功，叛非其志，故鳳與夢庚皆不得恤雲。
Luan Feng was a native of Gaoyou. As prefect of Zhuju he enjoyed a reputation for capable administration. When Shixin attacked, he and Xie Zaixing held the city resolutely and repeatedly sent surprise detachments to blunt the enemy. Zaixing had his officers trade in Hangzhou; fearing they would reveal military intelligence, the founding emperor recalled Zaixing and placed Staff Officer Li Menggeng in overall command at Zhuju. Later, mindful of Zaixing's merit, he had his nephew Wenzheng marry Zaixing's eldest daughter and ordered Xu Da to marry the younger. Zaixing was again sent to guard Zhuju. Zaixing resented Menggeng's authority over him; when Feng disciplined him over a minor matter, he rebelled and killed Feng. Feng's wife Lady Wang shielded him with her body and was killed as well. He seized Menggeng, surrendered to Shicheng, and Menggeng was killed as well. Because Zaixing had served with distinction and the rebellion was not deemed his true intent, neither Feng nor Menggeng received posthumous honors or funeral grants.
25
耿再成
Geng Zaicheng
26
耿再成，字德甫，五河人。 從太祖於濠，克泗、滁州。 元兵圍六合，太祖救之，與再成軍瓦梁壘。 力戰，度不敵，引還。 元兵尾至，太祖設伏澗側，令再成誘敵，大敗之。 以鎮撫從渡江，下集慶。 以元帥守鎮江，以行樞密院判官守長興，再守揚州。 從取金華，為前鋒，屯縉雲之黃龍山以遏敵沖。 與胡大海破石抹宜孫於處州，克其城，守之。 宜孫來攻，又敗之慶元。
Geng Zaicheng, whose courtesy name was Defu, was a native of Wuhe. He followed the founding emperor at Hao and helped capture Si and Chuzhou. When Yuan forces besieged Liuhe, the founding emperor marched to relieve it and encamped with Zaicheng at Walian. After fierce fighting, seeing they could not prevail, they withdrew. Yuan troops pursued; the founding emperor set an ambush by a ravine and had Zaicheng lure the enemy into a crushing defeat. As pacification commissioner he followed the Yangzi crossing and took Jiqing. He served as marshal at Zhenjiang, as branch secretariat vice director at Changxing, and again at Yangzhou. In the capture of Jinhua he served as vanguard and encamped at Huanglong Mountain in Jinyun to block the enemy advance. With Hu Dahai he defeated Shimo Yisun at Chuzhou, captured the city, and garrisoned it. When Yisun attacked again, he defeated him at Qingyuan.
27
再成持軍嚴，士卒出入民間，蔬果無所捐。 金華苗帥蔣英等叛，殺胡大海。 處州苗帥李祐之等聞之，亦作亂。 再成方對客飯，聞變，上馬，收戰卒不滿二十人，迎賊罵曰：「賊奴！ 國家何負汝，乃反。」 賊攢槊刺再成。 再成揮劍連斷數槊，中傷墜馬，大罵不絕口死。 胡深等收其屍，藁葬之。 後改葬金陵聚寶山。 追封高陽郡公，侑享太廟，肖像功臣廟。 洪武十年加贈泗國公，諡武壯。
Zaicheng ran a strict army; when his men passed through villages they took no fruit or vegetables. The Jinhua tribal commander Jiang Ying and others rebelled and murdered Hu Dahai. Hearing of this, the Chuzhou tribal commanders Li Youzhi and others also rebelled. Zaicheng was dining with guests when he heard the alarm. Mounting his horse, he gathered fewer than twenty men and rode out to curse the rebels: "Rebel scum! What has the state done to you that you turn traitor." The rebels thrust at Zaicheng with spears. Zaicheng cut down several spears with his sword, was wounded, fell from his horse, and died still cursing. Hu Shen and others recovered his body and gave it a simple burial. He was later reburied at Treasure-Gathering Mountain in Jinling. He was posthumously enfeoffed as Duke of Gaoyang, granted secondary sacrifice in the Grand Temple, and his portrait placed in the Hall of Meritorious Ministers. In Hongwu year ten he was further granted Duke of Si with the posthumous title Wu Zhuang.
28
子天璧，聞父難，糾部曲殺賊。 比至，李文忠已破賊斬之。 遂以天璧守處州。 拒方國珍、張士誠皆有功，擢指揮副使。 克浦城，搗建寧，走陳友定。 征襄陽，進至西安。 招諭河州、臨洮，皆下。 改杭州指揮同知。 七年出海捕倭，深入外洋，溺死。
His son Tianbi, hearing of his father's death, gathered retainers to avenge him. By the time he arrived, Li Wenzhong had already defeated the rebels and executed them. He was then appointed to hold Chuzhou. He won merit resisting Fang Guozhen and Zhang Shicheng and was promoted to deputy commander. He took Pucheng, raided Jianning, and put Chen Youding to flight. In the Xiangyang campaign he advanced as far as Xi'an. He induced Hezhou and Lintao to submit, and both surrendered. He was transferred to associate commander at Hangzhou. In year seven he put to sea against Wo pirates, penetrated deep into the open ocean, and drowned.
29
張德勝 〈（汪興祖）〉
Zhang Desheng Supplementary biography: Wang Xingzu〉
30
張德勝，字仁輔，合肥人。 才略雄邁。 與俞通海等以舟師自巢來歸。 從渡江，克採石、太平。 陳埜先來攻，與湯和等破擒之。 授太平興國翼總管。 破蠻子海牙水寨，擒陳兆先。 下集慶，克鎮江，授秦淮翼元帥。 取常州，擢樞密院判。 克寧國，收長槍兵。 下太湖，略馬跡山。 攻宜興，取馬馱沙及石牌寨。 進僉樞密院事。 趙普勝陷池州，德勝往援，弗及，還，從徐達拔宜興。 普勝復掠青陽、石埭。 德勝與戰柵江口，破走之。 已，復同通海擊敗其眾，遂復池州。 引兵自無為趨浮山，走普勝將胡總管，追，敗之青山，逐北至潛山。 陳友諒將郭泰逆戰沙河，破斬之，遂克潛山。 友諒犯龍江，德勝總舟師迎戰，殺傷相當。 德勝大呼，麾諸將奮擊。 友諒軍披靡，遂大敗。 與諸將追及之慈湖，縱火焚其舟。 至採石，大戰，沒於陣。 追封蔡國公，諡忠毅，肖像功臣廟，侑享太廟。 子宣幼。 養子興祖嗣職。
Zhang Desheng, whose courtesy name was Renfu, was a native of Hefei. His talent and strategic vision were bold and far-reaching. With Yu Tonghai and others he brought a fleet from Chao Lake to submit. He followed the Yangzi crossing and captured Caishi and Taiping. When Chen Yexian attacked, he and Tang He defeated and captured him. He was appointed director-general of the Taiping Xingguo wing. He broke Haiya's river stockade and captured Chen Zhaoxian. He took Jiqing, captured Zhenjiang, and was appointed marshal of the Qinhuai wing. He captured Changzhou and was promoted to vice director of the secretariat. He captured Ningguo and recruited long-spear troops. He raided Lake Tai and took Maji Mountain. He attacked Yixing and took Maituosha and the Shibai stockade. He was promoted to associate director of the secretariat. When Zhao Pusheng seized Chizhou, Desheng went to relieve it but arrived too late; on his return he followed Xu Da in taking Yixing. Pusheng again raided Qingyang and Shidi. Desheng fought him at the river-mouth stockade and routed him. Later, with Tonghai, he again defeated their forces and recovered Chizhou. Marching from Wuwei toward Fushan, he drove off Pusheng's general Hu, pursued him, defeated him at Qingshan, and chased him north to Qianshan. Youliang's general Guo Tai met him at Shahe; Desheng defeated and beheaded him, then took Qianshan. When Youliang raided Longjiang, Desheng commanded the fleet; casualties on both sides were heavy. Desheng shouted and urged his generals to press the attack. Youliang's army broke and suffered a crushing defeat. With other generals he pursued them to Cihu and burned their fleet. At Caishi they fought a great battle, and he fell in the fighting. He was posthumously enfeoffed as Duke of Cai with the posthumous title Zhong Yi; his portrait was placed in the Hall of Meritorious Ministers and he was granted sacrifice in the Grand Temple. His son Xuan was still a child. His adopted son Xingzu succeeded to his post.
31
興祖，巢人。 本汪姓。 既嗣職，從破安慶，克江州，拔蘄、黃，取南昌。 從援安豐，大敗張士誠兵。 鄱陽之戰，與廖永忠等以六舟深入。 又邀擊友諒於涇江口。 功最，擢湖廣行省參政。 從平武昌，遂克廬州，略地至通州而還。 進大都督府僉事。 從徐達取淮東，下浙西。 進同知大都督府事。 大軍北征，別將衛軍由徐州克沂、青、東平，乘勝至東阿，降元參政陳璧及所部五萬餘人。 孔子五十六世孫衍聖公希學帥曲阜知縣希舉、鄒縣主簿孟思諒等迎謁於軍門，興祖禮之。 兗東州縣聞風皆下，遂取濟寧、濟南。
Xingzu was a native of Chao. His original family name was Wang. After succeeding to the post, he helped capture Anqing, took Jiangzhou, seized Qi and Huang, and captured Nanchang. He joined the relief of Anfeng and routed Zhang Shicheng's forces. At Poyang he and Liao Yongzhong and others sent six boats deep into the enemy line. He also intercepted Youliang at the Jing River mouth. His merit ranked first, and he was promoted to vice administrator of the Huguang branch secretariat. He helped pacify Wuchang, captured Luzhou, raided as far as Tongzhou, and returned. He was promoted to associate of the chief military commission. He followed Xu Da in taking eastern Huai and reducing western Zhe. He was promoted to vice director of the chief military commission. In the northern campaign he led a separate force from Xuzhou through Yi, Qing, and Dongping to Dong'e, where Yuan Vice Administrator Chen Bi and more than fifty thousand troops surrendered. Confucius's fifty-sixth-generation descendant, Duke of Yansheng Xixue, with Qufu Magistrate Xiju and others came to pay respects at the army gate, and Xingzu received them with full ceremony. Eastern Yan prefectures and counties submitted on hearing the news, and he took Jining and Jinan.
32
興祖子幼，命與宣同居。 以疾卒，爵除。
Because Xingzu's son was young, he was ordered to live with Xuan. He died of illness, and the title lapsed.
33
趙德勝
Zhao Desheng
34
趙德勝，濠人。 為元義兵長，善馬槊，每戰先登。 隸王忙哥麾下，察其必敗。 太祖取滁陽，德勝母在軍中，乃棄其妻來從。 太祖喜，賜之名，為帳前先鋒。 從取鐵佛岡，攻三汊河，破張家寨，克全椒、後河諸寨。 援六合，中流矢，幾殆。 擊雞籠山，搗烏江，下和州、含山。 夜襲陳埜先營，拔板門、鐵長官二寨，遂取儀真。 授總管府先鋒。 從渡江，下太平，克蕪湖、句容、溧水、溧陽，皆有功。 從常遇春敗蠻子海牙於採石，破陳兆先營於方山，下集慶，功最。 從徐達取鎮江，破苗軍水寨。 下丹陽、金壇，平寧國。 轉領軍先鋒。 取廣德，破張士誠水寨。 復從遇春攻常州，解牛塘圍，復廣德、寧國。 取江陰，攻常熟，擒張士德。 從攻湖州。 宜興叛，還兵定之。 擢中翼左副元帥。 陳友諒犯龍江。 龍江第一關曰虎口城，太祖以屬德勝。 友諒至，力戰。 伏兵起，友諒大敗。 遂復太平。 下銅陵臨山寨，略黃山橋及馬馱沙，征高郵。 有功，進後翼統軍元帥。
Zhao Desheng was a native of Hao. He had been a Yuan righteous-army commander, skilled with the cavalry lance, and was always first in the assault. He served under Wang Mangge but saw that defeat was inevitable. When the founding emperor took Chuyang, Desheng's mother was in Mangge's army; he abandoned his wife and joined the founding emperor. The founding emperor was pleased, gave him the name Desheng, and made him vanguard of the headquarters guard. He took Tiefogang, attacked San Cha River, broke Zhang Family Stockade, and captured Quanjiao and the Houhe stockades. At Liuhe he was struck by an arrow and nearly died. He attacked Jilong Mountain, raided Wujiang, and took Hezhou and Hanshan. In a night attack on Chen Yexian's camp he took Banmen and Tie Zhangguan stockades and captured Yizhen. He was appointed vanguard of the directorate-general. He crossed the Yangzi, took Taiping, and captured Wuhu, Jurong, Lishui, and Liyang with distinction. With Chang Yuchun he defeated Haiya at Caishi, broke Chen Zhaoxian's camp at Fangshan, and took Jiqing, winning the highest merit. He followed Xu Da in taking Zhenjiang and broke the tribal army's river stockade. He took Danyang and Jintan and pacified Ningguo. He was transferred to army vanguard. He captured Guangde and broke Zhang Shicheng's river stockade. Again with Yuchun he attacked Changzhou, relieved the siege at Niutang, and recovered Guangde and Ningguo. He took Jiangyin, attacked Changshu, and captured Zhang Shide. He took part in the attack on Huzhou. When Yixing rebelled, he returned and pacified it. He was promoted to left vice marshal of the central wing. Chen Youliang raided Longjiang. The first pass at Longjiang was Tiger Mouth City; the founding emperor entrusted it to Desheng. When Youliang arrived, Desheng fought fiercely. Ambush troops rose and Youliang suffered a crushing defeat. Taiping was then recovered. He took Tongling's Linshan stockade, raided Huangshan Bridge and Maituosha, and campaigned at Gaoyou. For his merit he was promoted to marshal of the rear wing command.
35
從太祖西征，破安慶水寨，乘風溯小孤山。 距九江五里，友諒始知，倉皇遁去。 遂克九江，徇黃梅、廣濟，克瑞昌、臨江、吉安，還下安慶。 進克撫州，取新淦。 討南昌叛將，復其城，砲傷肩。 授僉江南行樞密院事。 與硃文正、鄧愈共守南昌。 平羅友賢於池州，破友諒將於西山。 復臨江、吉安、撫州。 未幾，友諒大舉兵圍南昌。 德勝帥所部數千，背城逆戰，射殺其將，敵大沮。 明日復合，環城數匝。 友諒親督戰，晝夜攻，城且壞。 德勝帥諸將死戰，且戰且築，城壞復完。 暮坐城門樓，指揮士卒。 弩中腰膂，鏃入六寸，拔出之，嘆曰：「吾自壯歲從軍，傷矢石屢矣，無重此者。 丈夫死不恨，恨不能掃清中原耳。」 言畢而絕，年三十九。 追封梁國公，諡武桓，列祀功臣廟，配享太廟。
He joined the western campaign, broke Anqing's river stockade, and sailed up past Little Gushan with the wind. Five li from Jiujiang, Youliang only then learned of the approach and fled in panic. He took Jiujiang, swept Huangmei and Guangji, captured Ruichang, Linjiang, and Ji'an, and returned to take Anqing. He advanced to capture Fuzhou and took Xingan. He suppressed Nanchang's rebel generals, recovered the city, and was wounded in the shoulder by cannon fire. He was appointed associate of the Jiangnan branch secretariat. With Zhu Wenzheng and Deng Yu he defended Nanchang. He pacified Luo Youxian at Chizhou and defeated Youliang's generals at Xishan. He recovered Linjiang, Ji'an, and Fuzhou. Before long Youliang raised a great army to besiege Nanchang. Desheng led several thousand men in a desperate fight with their backs to the wall, killed an enemy general with an arrow, and the enemy's morale collapsed. The next day the enemy returned and ringed the city several times over. Youliang directed the assault in person; the attacks continued day and night until the walls nearly gave way. Desheng led the generals in fighting to the death, repairing the walls even as they fought until broken sections were made whole again. At dusk he sat on the gate tower directing the troops. A crossbow bolt struck his loins, the head sinking six inches deep. Pulling it out, he sighed: "Since my vigorous years I have followed the army and been wounded many times, but never as gravely as this. A man does not regret death, only that he could not sweep the Central Plain clear of enemies. Having spoken, he died, aged thirty-nine. He was posthumously enfeoffed as Duke of Liang with the posthumous title Wu Huan, enshrined in the Hall of Meritorious Ministers, and granted sacrifice in the Grand Temple.
36
德勝剛直沉鷙，馭下嚴肅。 未嘗讀書，臨機應變，動合古法。 平居篤孝友如修士。
Desheng was upright, stern, and reserved; he commanded his subordinates with strict discipline. Though he never studied books, in battle his responses accorded with the principles of classical warfare. In private life he was as devoted in filial piety and friendship as a cultivated gentleman.
37
友諒圍南昌八十五日，先後戰死者凡十四人。
Youliang besieged Nanchang for eighty-five days; fourteen defenders died in battle during the siege.
38
張子明者，領兵千戶也。 洪都圍久，內外隔絕，硃文正遣子明告急於應天。 以東湖小漁舟從水關潛出，夜行晝止，半月始得達。 太祖問友諒兵勢。 對曰：「兵雖盛，戰鬥死者不少。 今江水日涸，賊巨艦將不利。 援至可破也。」 太祖謂子明：「歸語而帥：堅守一月，吾自取之。」 還至湖口，為友諒所獲。 令誘城中降，子明佯諾。 至城下，大呼：「我張大舍。 已見主上，令諸公堅守，救且至！」 賊怒，攢槊殺之。 追封忠節侯。
Zhang Ziming was a commander of a thousand households. The Hongdu siege had cut the city off from the outside world; Zhu Wenzheng sent Ziming to report the emergency at Yingtian. In a small fishing boat from the eastern lake he slipped out through the water gate, traveling by night and resting by day, and reached Yingtian in half a month. The founding emperor asked about Youliang's military strength. He replied: "Though their army is large, many have already died in battle. The river is falling daily; their great ships will soon be at a disadvantage. When relief arrives they can be defeated. The founding emperor told Ziming: "Return and tell your commander to hold for one month; I will come myself. On his return to Hukou he was captured by Youliang. Youliang ordered him to induce the city to surrender; Ziming pretended to agree. At the foot of the wall he shouted: "I am Zhang the Elder! I have seen the sovereign! Hold firm—all of you—relief is coming soon! The enemy was enraged and killed him with spears. He was posthumously enfeoffed as Marquis of Loyal Integrity.
39
友諒攻撫州，樞密院判李繼先乘城戰死； 左翼元帥牛海龍突圍死； 左副元帥趙國旺引兵燒戰艦，敵追至，投橋下死； 百戶徐明躍馬出射賊，賊知明名，並力攻，被執死； 軍士張德山夜半潛出城，焚賊舟，賊覺，死； 夏茂成守城樓，中飛砲死； 右翼元帥同知硃潛、統軍元帥許珪俱戰死。 蔣必勝陷吉安，參政劉齊、知府硃文華被執，不屈死。 趙天麟守臨江，友諒攻之，城陷，不屈死。 祝宗、康泰叛，陷洪都，知府葉琛與行省都事萬思誠迎戰，皆死。 事平，皆贈爵侯伯以下有差，立忠臣廟於豫章，並祠十四人，以德勝為首。 而康郎山戰死者三十五人，首丁普郎。
Youliang attacked Fuzhou; Branch Secretariat Vice Director Li Jixian died fighting on the walls; Left Wing Marshal Niu Hailong died breaking out of the encirclement; Left Vice Marshal Zhao Guowang burned the warships; pursued to a bridge, he threw himself into the water and died; Commander Xu Ming rode out to shoot at the enemy; recognizing him, they concentrated their attack and captured and killed him; Soldier Zhang Deshan slipped out at midnight to burn enemy boats; discovered, he was killed; Xia Maocheng guarded a gate tower and was killed by a projectile; Right Wing Vice Director Zhu Qian and Marshal Xu Gui both died in battle. Jiang Bisheng took Ji'an; Vice Administrator Liu Qi and Prefect Zhu Wenhua were captured and died without yielding. Zhao Tianlin defended Linjiang; when the city fell he died without yielding. Zhu Zong and Kang Tai rebelled and took Hongdu; Prefect Ye Chen and Secretariat Director Wan Sicheng went out to fight and both died. After order was restored, all received posthumous ranks; a Temple of Loyal Ministers was built at Yuzhang enshrining the fourteen, with Desheng foremost. At Kanglang Mountain thirty-five men died in battle, Ding Pulang foremost among them.
40
普郎初為陳友諒將，守小孤山。 偕傅友德來降，授行樞密院同知，數有功。 及援南昌，大戰鄱陽湖。 自辰至午，普郎身被十余創，首脫猶直立，執兵作斗狀，敵驚為神。 時七月己丑也。 追贈濟陽郡公。
Pu Lang had originally served Chen Youliang as a general, holding Little Solitary Mountain. He defected together with Fu Youde, was made vice commissioner of the mobile privy council, and won repeated distinction. When the army marched to relieve Nanchang, they fought a great battle on Poyang Lake. From morning until midday Pu Lang took more than a dozen wounds; even after his head was struck off he remained standing, weapon raised as if still fighting, and the enemy took him for a supernatural being. This took place on the jichou day of the seventh month. He was posthumously enfeoffed as Duke of Jiyang.
41
張志雄亦友諒將，素驍勇，號長張。 從趙普勝守安慶。 友諒殺普勝，志雄怨，來降，為樞密院判。 至是舟檣折，敵攢刺之，知不能脫，遂自刎。
Zhang Zhixiong, another of Youliang's generals, was famed for valor and known as "Long Zhang." He had followed Zhao Pusheng in the defense of Anqing. When Youliang killed Pusheng, Zhixiong, resentful, defected and was appointed a privy council judge. In the battle his ship was crippled and the enemy closed in with spears; seeing no escape, he took his own life.
42
元帥余昶、右元帥陳弼、徐公輔皆以其日戰沒。
Marshals Yu Chang, Chen Bi on the right, and Xu Gongfu all fell in battle that same day.
43
先一日，左副指揮韓成，元帥宋貴、陳兆先戰沒。 兆先者，埜先從子，既被擒，太祖以其兵備宿衛。 感帝大度，效死力，至是戰死。 韓成子觀至都督，別有傳。
The day before, Left Vice Commander Han Cheng and marshals Song Gui and Chen Zhaoxian had been killed in action. Zhaoxian was Chen Yexian's nephew; after his capture the founding emperor enrolled his men in the palace guard. Grateful for the emperor's generosity, he fought to the utmost and now fell in battle. Han Cheng's son Guan eventually became a regional commander and has his own biography.
44
越四日，辛卯，復大戰，副元帥昌文貴、左元帥李信、王勝、劉義死。
Four days later, on xinmao, another great battle was fought; Vice Marshal Chang Wengui, Left Marshal Li Xin, Wang Sheng, and Liu Yi were killed.
45
八月壬戌，扼敵涇江口，同知元帥李志高、副使王咬住亦戰死。
On renxu of the eighth month the army held the enemy at the Jing River estuary; Associate Commander Li Zhigao and Vice Commissioner Wang Yaozhu also fell.
46
其他偏裨死事者，千戶姜潤、王鳳顯、石明、王德、硃鼎、王清、常德勝、袁華、陳沖、王喜仙、汪澤、丁宇、史德勝、裴軫、王理、王仁，鎮撫常惟德、鄭興、逯德山、羅世榮、曹信。 凡贈公一人、侯十二人、伯二人、子十五人、男六人，肖像康郎山忠臣廟，有司歲致祭。
Other officers who died in the line of duty included chiliarchs Jiang Run, Wang Fengxian, Shi Ming, Wang De, Zhu Ding, Wang Qing, Chang Desheng, Yuan Hua, Chen Chong, Wang Xixian, Wang Ze, Ding Yu, Shi Desheng, Pei Zhen, Wang Li, and Wang Ren, and garrison commissioners Chang Weide, Zheng Xing, Lu Deshan, Luo Shirong, and Cao Xin. In all one man was posthumously made duke, twelve marquises, two earls, fifteen viscounts, and six barons; their images were installed in the Loyal Ministers Shrine on Kanglang Mountain, with annual sacrifices performed by the officials.
47
又程國勝者，徽人。 以義兵元帥來歸，敗楊完者。 累功至萬戶。 守南昌。 與牛海龍夜劫友諒營。 海龍中流矢死，國勝泅水得脫，抵金陵。 從太祖戰鄱陽。 張定邊直前犯太祖舟，國勝與韓成、陳兆先駕舸左右奮擊，太祖舟脫。 國勝等繞出敵艦後，援絕，力戰死。 而南昌城中謂國勝已前死，故豫章、康山兩廟俱得預祀雲。
There was also Cheng Guosheng, from Huizhou. He submitted as commander of a volunteer force and defeated Yang Wanzhe. By repeated merit he rose to the rank of chiliarch. He was stationed at Nanchang. He joined Niu Hailong in a night raid on Youliang's camp. Hailong was killed by an arrow in flight; Guosheng swam free and made his way to Jinling. He followed the founding emperor to the battle on Poyang Lake. When Zhang Dingbian bore down on the founding emperor's vessel, Guosheng with Han Cheng and Chen Zhaoxian rowed out in light boats and fought fiercely on both flanks until the emperor's ship broke free. Guosheng and his companions circled behind the enemy fleet; cut off from support, they fought until they were killed. Meanwhile Nanchang had believed Guosheng already dead, so he was honored in advance at both the Yuzhang and Kangshan shrines—hence the remark.
48
桑世傑
Sang Shijie
49
桑世傑，無為人。 亦自巢湖來歸。 趙普勝有異志，世傑發其謀，普勝逸去。 從渡江，以舟師破元水軍。 授秦淮翼元帥。 下鎮江，徇金壇、丹陽，攻寧國長槍諸軍，克水陽，平常州。 判行樞密院事。 略地江陰、宜興。
Sang Shijie was a native of Wuwei. He too had come over from Chaohu Lake. When Zhao Pusheng plotted treason, Shijie exposed him and Pusheng fled. After the Yangzi crossing he shattered the Yuan navy with his fleet. He was made marshal of the Qinhuai wing. He seized Zhenjiang, overran Jintan and Danyang, attacked the long-spear forces at Ningguo, took Shuiyang, and pacified Changzhou. He was appointed acting judge of the mobile privy council. He extended operations into Jiangyin and Yixing.
50
初，石牌民硃定，販鹽無賴，與富民趙氏有隙，遂告變，滅趙氏，授江陰判官。 尋復為盜，元遣兵捕之。 定聞張士誠據高郵，乃導士誠由通州渡江，遂陷平江。 以定為參政，而遣元帥欒瑞戍石牌。 及大兵既取江陰，瑞尚據石牌，導舟師往來。 太祖命永安及世傑擊之，世傑力戰死，瑞亦降。 張氏窺江路絕。 太祖念其功，贈安遠大將軍、輕車都尉、永義侯，侑享太廟。
Earlier Zhu Ding of Shipai, a salt-smuggling rogue at odds with the wealthy Zhao family, had denounced them for treason, wiped out the clan, and been made magistrate of Jiangyin. Soon he turned bandit again, and the Yuan dispatched troops against him. Learning that Zhang Shicheng held Gaoyou, Ding guided him across from Tongzhou, and together they seized Pingjiang. Ding was made provincial administrator and Marshal Luan Rui was stationed at Shipai. After the main forces took Jiangyin, Rui still held Shipai and kept the river route open. The founding emperor ordered Yongan and Shijie to strike him; Shijie fell in fierce fighting, and Rui then surrendered. Zhang Shicheng found his river line severed. Mindful of his service, the founding emperor posthumously made him Grand General of Pacifying the Distant, Commandant of Light Chariots, and Marquis of Everlasting Righteousness, with a place in the ancestral temple sacrifices.
51
子敬以父死事，累官都督府僉事。 洪武二十三年，封徽先伯，歲祿千七百石，予世券。 明年同徐輝祖等防邊，尋令屯軍平陽，坐藍玉黨死。
His son Jing, on account of his father's death in battle, rose to commissioner of the chief military commission. In Hongwu 23 he was enfeoffed as Earl of Huixian, with seventeen hundred piculs yearly and a hereditary patent. The following year he joined Xu Huizu on frontier defense, then was ordered to garrison Pingyang; he was later executed as an associate of Lan Yu's faction.
52
附劉成
Appendix: Liu Cheng
53
又劉成者，靈璧人。 以統兵總管從耿炳文定長興，為永興翼左副元帥，數佐炳文敗士誠兵。 李伯升以十萬眾來攻，城中兵僅七千。 太祖遣兵援之，未至，炳文嬰城守。 成引數士騎出西門，擊敗伯升兵，擒其將宋元帥。 轉至東門，敵悉兵圍之，遂戰死。 贈懷遠將軍，立廟長興。
There was also Liu Cheng, from Lingbi. As troop commander-in-chief he followed Geng Bingwen in securing Changxing, became left vice marshal of the Yongxing wing, and repeatedly helped defeat Zhang Shicheng's forces. Li Bosheng attacked with one hundred thousand men while the garrison held only seven thousand. The founding emperor sent relief, but before it arrived Bingwen closed the walls and defended. Cheng led a few dozen horsemen out the west gate, routed Bosheng's army, and captured his general Song Yuanshuai. Moving to the east gate he was surrounded by the enemy's full strength and killed in battle. He was posthumously made General of Cherishing the Distant, with a shrine raised at Changxing.
54
茅成，定遠人。 自和州從軍，隸常遇春麾下。 克太平，始授萬戶。 從定常州、寧國，進總管。 克衢州，授副元帥。 守金華，改太平興國翼元帥。 從克安慶，援安豐，戰鄱陽，克武昌，授武德衛千戶。 尋進指揮副使。 取贛州、安陸、襄陽、泰州，皆有功。 從徐達攻平江，焚張士誠戰船，築長圍困之。 達攻婁門，士誠出兵戰，成擊敗之。 突至外郛，中叉死。 贈東海郡公，祀功臣廟。
Mao Cheng was a native of Dingyuan. He entered service from Hezhou and served under Chang Yuchun. After the capture of Taiping he was first made chiliarch. He helped pacify Changzhou and Ningguo and was promoted to commander-in-chief. On the capture of Quzhou he was made vice marshal. He held Jinhua and was transferred to marshal of the Taiping Xingguo wing. He fought at Anqing, relieved Anfeng, battled on Poyang, and took Wuchang, and was appointed chiliarch of the Wude Guard. Soon he was promoted to vice commander. He distinguished himself in the captures of Ganzhou, Anlu, Xiangyang, and Taizhou. Under Xu Da at Pingjiang he burned Zhang Shicheng's fleet and threw up a long siege line. When Xu Da assaulted the Lou Gate, Shicheng sallied forth and Cheng drove him back. He charged to the outer ramparts and was killed by a trident. He was posthumously enfeoffed as Duke of Donghai and honored in the Shrine of Meritorious Ministers.
55
附楊國興
Appendix: Yang Guoxing
56
同時死者，有楊國興，亦定遠人。 以右翼元帥守宜興。 初，常州人陳保二聚眾，號「黃包軍」。 即降復叛，誘執詹、李二將。 國興執斬之。 授神武衛指揮使。 至是攻閶門戰死，以其子益襲指揮使。
Among those killed in the same fighting was Yang Guoxing, likewise from Dingyuan. As right-wing marshal he held Yixing. Earlier Chen Baoer of Changzhou had raised a band known as the "Yellow-Cloth Army." He had submitted, then rebelled again, and by treachery seized Generals Zhan and Li. Guoxing captured and executed him. He was made commander of the Shenwu Guard. He now fell attacking the Chang Gate; his son Yi succeeded him as guard commander.
57
胡深，字仲淵，處州龍泉人。 穎異有智略，通經史百家之學。 元末兵亂，嘆曰：「浙東地氣盡白，禍將及矣。」 乃集里中子弟自保。 石抹宜孫以萬戶鎮處州，辟參軍事，募兵數千，收捕諸山寇。 溫州韓虎等殺主將叛。 深往諭之，軍民感泣，殺虎以城降。 已，偕章溢討龍泉之亂，搜旁縣盜，以次平之。 宜孫時已進行省參政，承製命深為元帥。 戊戌十二月，太祖親征婺州。 深帥兵車數百輛往援，至松溪不能救，敗去，婺遂下。 明年，耿再成侵處州，宜孫分遣元帥葉琛、參謀林彬祖、鎮撫陳中真及深帥兵拒戰。 會胡大海兵至，與再成合，大破之，進抵城下。 宜孫戰敗，與葉琛、章溢走建寧，處州遂下。 深以龍泉、慶元、松陽、遂昌四縣降。
Hu Shen, styled Zhongyuan, was from Longquan in Chuzhou. Gifted and resourceful, he was versed in the classics, histories, and the various schools of thought. As Yuan armies ravaged the realm he sighed: "The eastern Zhe lands have turned deathly pale—disaster is near. He then rallied the young men of his district for self-defense. Shimo Yisun, holding Chuzhou as chiliarch, took Shen onto his staff, raised several thousand men, and suppressed mountain bandits. At Wenzhou, Han Hu and others murdered their commander and rebelled. Shen went to reason with them; troops and people were moved to tears, slew Hu, and surrendered the city. Later, with Zhang Yi, he quelled unrest in Longquan and swept neighboring counties of bandits in succession. Yisun had risen to provincial administrator and, by imperial order, appointed Shen marshal. In the twelfth month of wuxu the founding emperor marched in person against Wuzhou. Shen led hundreds of war carts to its relief, but at Songxi could not break through, was beaten back, and Wuzhou fell. The next year Geng Zaichang invaded Chuzhou; Yisun sent marshals Ye Chen, adviser Lin Binzu, commissioner Chen Zhongzhen, and Shen to oppose him. Hu Dahai's force joined Zaichang, routed the defenders, and pressed to the walls. Yisun was defeated and fled with Ye Chen and Zhang Yi to Jianning; Chuzhou was taken. Shen surrendered with Longquan, Qingyuan, Songyang, and Suichang.
58
太祖素知深名，召見，授左司員外郎，遣還處州。 招集部曲，從征江西。 既定，命以親軍指揮守吉安。 處州苗軍叛，殺守將耿再成，深從平章邵榮討誅之。 會改中書分省為浙東行中書省，遂以深為行省左右司郎中，總制處州軍民事。 時山寇竊發，人情未固，深募兵萬餘人，捕誅渠帥。 沿海軍素驍，誅其尤橫者數人，患遂息。 癸卯九月，諸全叛將謝再興以張士誠兵犯東陽。 左丞李文忠令深引兵為前鋒，再興敗走。 深建議以諸全為浙東籓屏，乃度地去諸全五十里並五指山築新城，分兵戍守。 太祖初聞再興叛，急馳使詣文忠，別為城守計。 至則工已竣。 後士誠將李伯升大舉來侵，頓新城下，不能拔，敗去。 太祖嘉深功，賜以名馬。
The founding emperor, who had long known Shen's reputation, received him, made him outer vice director of the left secretariat, and sent him back to Chuzhou. He rallied his followers and joined the Jiangxi campaign. After the region was secured he was ordered to hold Ji'an with his personal guard. When Chuzhou's Miao troops rebelled and killed Geng Zaichang, Shen joined Pacification Commissioner Shao Rong in suppressing them. When the branch secretariat became the Eastern Zhe branch secretariat, Shen was made its left and right director, governing Chuzhou's military and civil affairs. With bandits still active and the people unsettled, he raised more than ten thousand men and executed the chief rebels. Coastal troops were notoriously unruly; he put several of the worst to death and the trouble subsided. In guimao, ninth month, the Zhugu rebel Xie Zaixing led Zhang Shicheng's army against Dongyang. Left Chancellor Li Wenzhong sent Shen ahead as vanguard; Zaixing was routed and fled. Shen urged that Zhugu serve as eastern Zhe's bulwark; he surveyed a site fifty li away at Wuzhi Mountain, built a new city, and posted garrisons. On first hearing of Zaixing's revolt, the founding emperor urgently sent orders to Wenzhong for alternate defenses. By the time the messenger arrived, the new fortifications were already complete. Later Li Bosheng led a great invasion, camped beneath the new city, failed to take it, and withdrew defeated. The founding emperor commended Shen's achievement and gave him a fine horse.
59
太祖稱吳王，以深為王府參軍，仍守處州。 溫州豪周宗道聚眾據平陽。 數為方國珍從子明善所逼，以城來歸。 明善怒，攻之。 深遣兵擊走明善，遂下瑞安，進兵溫州。 方氏懼，請歲輸銀三萬充軍實。 乃命深班師，復還鎮。 陳友定兵至，破之，追至浦城，又敗其守兵，城遂下。 進拔松溪，獲其守將張子玉。 因請發廣信、撫州、建昌三路兵，規取八閩。 太祖喜曰：「子玉驍將，擒之則友定破膽。 乘勢攻之，理無不克。」 因命廣信指揮硃亮祖由鉛山、建昌，左丞王溥由杉關，會深齊進。 已，亮祖等克崇安，進攻建寧。 友定將阮德柔固守。 深視氛祲不利，欲緩之。 亮祖曰：「師已至此，庸可緩乎？ 且天道幽遠，山澤之氣變態無常，何足征也。」 時德柔兵屯錦江，逼深陣後。 亮祖督戰益急。 深引兵還擊，破其二柵。 德柔軍力戰，友定自以銳師夾擊。 日已暮，深突圍走，馬蹶被執，遂遇害，年五十二。 追封縉雲郡伯。
When the founding emperor took the title King of Wu, Shen became a staff officer of the princely household while continuing to hold Chuzhou. The Wenzhou strongman Zhou Zongdao raised followers and seized Pingyang. Repeatedly harried by Fang Guozhen's nephew Mingshan, he surrendered the city. Mingshan, enraged, attacked him. Shen sent troops, routed Mingshan, took Ruian, and marched on Wenzhou. The Fang clan, alarmed, offered thirty thousand taels of silver yearly for military supplies. Shen was ordered to withdraw and resume his garrison. When Chen Youding advanced, Shen defeated him, pursued to Pucheng, routed the garrison, and took the city. He pushed on to Songxi and captured the commander Zhang Ziyu. He then asked to raise the armies of Guangxin, Fuzhou, and Jianchang for a campaign to seize Fujian. The founding emperor rejoiced: "Ziyu is a fierce commander—capture him and Youding's courage will break. Strike while the advantage holds, and success is assured. He ordered Zhu Liangzu from Guangxin via Qianshan and Jianchang, Left Chancellor Wang Pu via Shan Pass, to advance with Shen in concert. Soon Liangzu took Chong'an and moved against Jianning. Youding's general Ruan Derou defended stubbornly. Shen read the signs as ill-omened and urged delay. Liangzu said: "We have come this far—how can we hold back? Heaven's ways are inscrutable; mountain mists shift without pattern—what omens can bind us? Meanwhile Derou's force lay on the Jin River, threatening Shen's rear. Liangzu drove the battle ever harder. Shen wheeled about and smashed two enemy stockades. Derou's men fought desperately; Youding himself led crack troops in a pincer attack. At dusk Shen broke out of the encirclement; his horse fell, he was taken, and killed—aged fifty-two. He was posthumously enfeoffed as Earl of Jinyun.
60
太祖嘗問宋濂曰：「胡深何如人？」 對曰：「文武才也。」 太祖曰：「誠然。 浙東一障，吾方賴之。」 而深以久任鄉郡，志圖平閩以報效，竟以死徇。 深馭眾寬厚，用兵十餘年，未嘗妄戮一人。 守處州，興學造士。 縉雲田稅重，以新沒入田租償其數。 鹽稅什一，請半取之，以通商賈。 軍民皆懷其惠雲。
The founding emperor once asked Song Lian: "What manner of man is Hu Shen? Song Lian answered: "A man of both civil and military gifts." The founding emperor said: "That is true. Eastern Zhe is my shield—I depend on him now." Shen, long governing his home region, had resolved to pacify Fujian in loyal service—and died in that cause. He ruled his men with generosity; in more than ten years of war he never executed a man without cause. As governor of Chuzhou he fostered schools and cultivated talent. Jinyun's grain levy was burdensome; he offset it with rents from newly seized estates. The salt levy stood at ten percent; he halved it to revive trade. Soldiers and civilians alike cherished his kindness—so it was said.
61
孫興祖
Sun Xingzu
62
孫興祖，濠人。 從太祖渡江，積功為都先鋒。 戰龍江，遷統軍元帥。 破瑞昌八陣營，擢天策衛指揮使。 興祖沉毅有謀，大將軍徐達雅重之。 克泰州，以達請，命守海陵。 海陵，士誠兵入淮要地也。 興祖整軍令，練士伍，防禦甚嚴。 吳兵自海口來侵，擊敗之，擒彭元帥。 平江既下，命興祖取通州，士誠守將已詣徐達降。 進大都督府副使，移鎮彭城。 達既定關陝，旋師北向，檄興祖會東昌。 從克元都。 置燕山六衛，留兵三萬人，命興祖守之，領大都督分府事。 大兵西征，擴廓由居庸窺北平。 達謂諸將：「北平有孫都督，不足慮。」 遂直搗太原。 語詳《達傳》。 洪武三年，帥六衛卒從達出塞，次三不剌川，遇敵，力戰死，年三十五。 太祖悼惜之，追封燕山侯，諡忠愍，配享通州常遇春祠。
Sun Xingzu was a native of Hao. He crossed the Yangzi with the founding emperor and rose by merit to chief vanguard. At the Long River battle he was promoted to army marshal. He shattered the Eight-Formation camps at Ruichang and was made commander of the Tiance Guard. Steady and shrewd, Xingzu won the high regard of Grand General Xu Da. After Taizhou fell, at Xu Da's request he was posted to Hailing. Hailing was the key gateway through which Zhang Shicheng's forces entered the Huai. Xingzu enforced discipline, drilled his men, and held the post with iron rigor. When Wu forces came from the estuary he routed them and took Marshal Peng prisoner. After Pingjiang fell he was sent to take Tongzhou; Zhang Shicheng's commander had already surrendered to Xu Da. He rose to vice director of the chief military commission and was shifted to Pengcheng. After securing Shaanxi and Gansu, Xu Da marched north and called Xingzu to Dongchang. He joined in the capture of the Yuan capital. Six Yan Mountain guards were established; thirty thousand men were left under Xingzu, who also headed the branch chief military commission. While the main army campaigned westward, Kökö Temür threatened Beiping through Juyong Pass. Xu Da told his officers: "Beiping has Commander Sun—we need not worry. He then struck straight for Taiyuan. The full account appears in Xu Da's biography. In Hongwu 3 he led the six guards beyond the frontier with Xu Da, halted at Sanbulachuan, met the enemy, and was killed in fierce fighting—aged thirty-five. The founding emperor mourned him, posthumously enfeoffed him as Marquis of Yan Mountain with the posthumous name Zhongmin, and granted him a place in Chang Yuchun's shrine at Tongzhou.
63
未幾，中書省以都督同知汪興祖兼俸事入奏。 帝聞奏興祖名，嘆息，命以月俸給故燕山侯興祖家。 以其長子恪襲武德衛指揮使。 久之，歷都督僉事。 二十一年，以右參將從藍玉北征，至捕魚兒海。 論功封全寧侯，歲祿二千石，予世券。 恪謹敏，有儒將風。 從征楚、蜀，還駐沔陽，簡閱各衛所軍士備邊。 二十五年，進兼太子太保。 未幾，籍兵山西，從宋國公勝練兵。 旋召還，賜第中都。 後坐藍玉黨死。
Soon the secretariat reported that Regional Commander Tongzhi Wang Xingzu had come to court on a joint stipend matter. Hearing the name Xingzu, the emperor sighed and ordered the monthly stipend paid to the household of the late Marquis Sun Xingzu. His eldest son Ke succeeded as commander of the Wude Guard. In time he rose to commissioner of the chief military commission. In year 21, as right deputy general he joined Lan Yu's northern expedition to Buyur Lake. For his achievements he was enfeoffed as Marquis of Quanning, with two thousand piculs yearly and a hereditary patent. Ke was prudent and alert, with the manner of a scholar-general. He campaigned in Chu and Shu, then garrisoned Mianyang and reviewed frontier troops of the guards and battalions. In year 25 he was made concurrent Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent. Soon he was registering troops in Shanxi and drilling soldiers under Duke Song Sheng. He was soon recalled and given a residence in the central capital. He was later executed as an associate of Lan Yu's faction.
64
曹良臣
Cao Liangchen
65
曹良臣，安豐人。 潁寇起，聚鄉里築堡自固。 歸太祖於應天，為江淮行省參政。 從取淮東，收浙西，進行省左丞。 從大軍取元都，略地至澤、潞。 進山西行省平章，還守通州。 時大兵出山西，通州守備單弱，所部不滿千人。 元丞相也速將萬騎營白河。 良臣曰：「吾兵少，不可與戰。 彼眾雖多，亡國之余，敗氣不振，當以計走之。」 乃密遣指揮仵勇等於瀕河舟中多立赤幟，亙三十余里，鉦鼓聲相聞。 也速大駭，遁去。 良臣出精騎逐交百余里，元兵自是不敢窺北平。 復從大將軍達擊擴廓帖木兒於定西，敗之。 洪武三年封宣寧侯，歲祿九百石，予世券。
Cao Liangchen was a native of Anfeng. When Ying River bandits rose, he rallied his neighbors, fortified a stronghold, and held out. He submitted at Yingtian and was made provincial administrator of the Jiang-Huai branch secretariat. He helped take eastern Huai and western Zhe and was promoted to left vice administrator of the branch secretariat. He joined the capture of the Yuan capital and extended operations to Ze and Lu. He became pacification commissioner of the Shanxi branch secretariat and returned to guard Tongzhou. With the main army in Shanxi, Tongzhou's defenses were thin—he had fewer than a thousand men. Yuan Chancellor Ayushiridara camped on the White River with ten thousand horse. Liangchen said: "We are too few to fight. Though numerous, they are a defeated remnant of a fallen dynasty—strategy can drive them off. He secretly sent Commander Wu Yong to line boats along the river with red banners for thirty li, gongs and drums sounding without cease. Ayushiridara was terrified and fled. He sent elite cavalry in pursuit for a hundred li; thereafter Yuan forces dared not threaten Beiping. He again followed Grand General Xu Da against Kökö Temür at Dingxi and routed him. In Hongwu 3 he was enfeoffed as Marquis of Xuanning, with nine hundred piculs yearly and a hereditary patent.
66
明年從伐蜀，克歸州山寨，取容美諸土司。 會周德興拔茅岡覃垕寨，自白鹽山伐木開道，出紙坊溪以趨夔州，進克重慶。 明年從副將軍文忠北征，至臚朐河，收其部籓。 文忠帥良臣持二十日糧，兼程進至土剌河。 哈剌章渡河拒戰，少卻。 追至阿魯渾河，敵騎大集。 將士皆殊死戰，敵大敗走，而良臣與指揮周顯、常榮、張耀皆戰死。 事聞，贈良臣安國公，諡忠壯，列祀功臣廟。 子泰襲侯，坐藍玉黨死，爵除。
The next year he campaigned in Shu, took Guizhou's mountain strongholds, and subdued the Rongmei chieftains. When Zhou Dexing took the Qinhao stockade at Maogang, timber was cut at Baiyan Mountain to open a road through Zhifang Stream toward Kuizhou, and Chongqing was taken. The next year he joined Deputy General Wenzhong's northern expedition to the Luchuan River and received the submission of its tribes. Wenzhong led Liangchen with twenty days' rations, marched night and day, and reached the Tula River. Qaračan crossed the river to resist and was driven back. The pursuit reached the Aruhun River, where enemy cavalry massed. Officers and men fought to the death; the enemy was routed, but Liangchen with Zhou Xian, Chang Rong, and Zhang Yao all fell. On report of his death Liangchen was posthumously made Duke of Anguo, posthumous name Zhongzhuang, and honored in the Shrine of Meritorious Ministers. His son Tai inherited the marquisate but was executed in Lan Yu's faction case and the line ended.
67
附周顯常榮張耀
Appendix: Zhou Xian, Chang Rong, and Zhang Yao
68
顯，合肥人。 從渡江，累功至指揮同知。 洪武三年，以收應昌紅羅山寨，遷指揮使。 榮，開平王遇春再從弟，歷指揮僉事。 遇春卒於軍，榮護喪還。 從硃亮祖平蜀，累官至振武衛指揮同知。 耀，壽州人，初從陳埜先。 建康下，始歸附。 累功為守御福建指揮使，守興化。 至是俱戰沒，帝厚恤諸臣家，命有司各表其墓。
Zhou Xian was from Hefei. He crossed the Yangzi with the founding armies and rose to vice commander. In Hongwu 3, for taking the Red Luo stockade at Yingchang, he was promoted to commander. Chang Rong was a second cousin of Prince of Kaiping Chang Yuchun and rose to commissioner of the chief military commission. When Yuchun died on campaign, Rong escorted his coffin home. He followed Zhu Liangzu in pacifying Shu and rose to vice commander of the Zhenwu Guard. Zhang Yao was from Shouzhou and had first served Chen Yexian. When Jiankang was taken he submitted. By merit he became commander of the Fujian defense command and held Xinghua. All three fell in this battle; the emperor generously compensated their families and ordered their graves marked.
69
濮英，廬州人。 初以勇力為百夫長，積功至西安衛指揮。 坐軍政不修，召還詰責，遣葉升代之。 升更言其賢，令還衛。 洪武十九年，太祖命耿炳文選陝西都司衛所卒備邊，惟英所練稱勁旅，加都督僉事。 明年命師所部隨大將軍馮勝北征。 抵金山，降納哈出，遂班師，而以英將奇兵三千人為殿。 納哈出余眾竄匿者尚數十萬，聞帥旋，設伏於途，謀俟大軍過竄取之。 未發。 英後至，猝為所乘，衝突不能出，馬踣，遂見執。 敵既得英，思挾為質。 英絕食不言，乘間引佩刀剖腹死。 事聞，贈金山侯，諡忠襄。 明年進贈樂浪公。 封其子璵為西涼侯，祿二千五百石，予世券。 二十三年，命練兵東昌，又令駐臨清，訓練士卒。 二十五年，召還，同宋國公勝等簡閱山西士馬。 璵能修父職，帝甚嘉之。 復令籍山西民兵，所籍州縣最多，事集而不擾。 明年坐藍玉黨，戍五開死。
Pu Ying was a native of Luzhou. He began as a centurion through sheer valor and rose to commander of the Xi'an Guard. For lax military administration he was recalled and rebuked; Ye Sheng was sent to replace him. Sheng then praised his merit, and he was ordered back to his post. In Hongwu 19 Geng Bingwen selected Shaanxi garrison troops for the frontier; only Ying's men were judged elite, and he was made commissioner of the chief military commission. The next year he led his command under Grand General Feng Sheng on the northern expedition. At Jin Mountain they accepted Naghachu's surrender and withdrew; Ying led three thousand picked men as rearguard. Naghachu's hidden remnants still numbered hundreds of thousands; learning the main army was withdrawing, they ambushed the road, intending to strike once it had passed. The trap had not yet been sprung. Ying came up last, was suddenly trapped, could not break through, his horse fell, and he was taken. The enemy, having captured Ying, meant to hold him hostage. Ying starved himself in silence, then seized a moment to draw his dagger and cut open his belly. On report of his death he was posthumously made Marquis of Jin Mountain, posthumous name Zhongxiang. The following year he was further posthumously made Duke of Lelang. His son Yu was enfeoffed as Marquis of Xiliang with twenty-five hundred piculs yearly and a hereditary patent. In year 23 he was ordered to drill troops at Dongchang and garrison Linqing to train the army. In year 25 he was recalled to join Duke Song Sheng in reviewing Shanxi troops and horses. Yu proved able to carry on his father's work; the emperor greatly commended him. He was again ordered to register Shanxi militia—the largest assignment of any—and completed it without disorder. The next year he was implicated in Lan Yu's faction, exiled to Wukai, and died in banishment.
70
洪武中指揮使死事者，又有于光、嚴德、孫虎。
Other guard commanders who died in service in the Hongwu era included Yu Guang, Yan De, and Sun Hu.
71
附于光等
Appendix: Yu Guang and others
72
光，都昌人。 初事徐壽輝，鎮浮梁。 陳友諒弒壽輝，光以浮梁來降，授樞密院判。 積功為鷹揚衛指揮，鎮鞏昌。 擴廓圍蘭州，光赴援至馬蘭灘，戰敗被執。 以徇城下。 光大呼曰：「公等但堅守，徐將軍將大軍旦夕至矣！」 賊怒，批其頰，遂被殺，祀功臣廟。
Yu Guang was from Duchang. He had first served Xu Shouhui and garrisoned Fuliang. When Chen Youliang murdered Shouhui, Guang surrendered Fuliang and was made a privy council judge. By merit he became commander of the Yingyang Guard and held Gongchang. When Kökö Temür besieged Lanzhou, Guang marched to relieve it, was beaten at Malan Shoals, and captured. He was paraded beneath the walls to intimidate the garrison. Guang shouted: "Hold the city—General Xu will bring the main army any day now! The enemy, enraged, beat his face and killed him; he is honored in the Shrine of Meritorious Ministers.
73
嚴德，太平人。 從起兵，積功為海寧衛指揮。 從硃亮祖討方國珍，戰歿於台州。 追封天水郡公。
Yan De was from Taiping. He joined the founding armies and rose to commander of the Haining Guard. He followed Zhu Liangzu against Fang Guozhen and was killed at Taizhou. He was posthumously enfeoffed as Duke of Tianshui.
74
孫虎，不知何許人。 從援池州，下於潛、昌化，定建德、諸全，皆有功。 授千戶。 克新城、桐、廬，進海寧衛指揮使。 平嘉興盜。 從副將軍李文忠北征，由東道入應昌，至落馬河與元兵戰死。 追封康安郡伯。
Sun Hu's native place is unknown. He helped relieve Chizhou, took Yuqian and Changhua, and helped secure Jiande and Zhugu. He was made chiliarch. He captured Xincheng, Tong, and Lu and was promoted to commander of the Haining Guard. He pacified bandits in Jiaxing. He joined Deputy General Wenzhong's northern expedition, entered Yingchang by the east, reached Luoma River, and was killed fighting Yuan forces. He was posthumously enfeoffed as Earl of Kang'an.
75
又指揮僉事劉廣，戍永平，禦寇戰死。 涼州衛百戶劉林戍涼州，也先帖木兒叛，戰死。 邊人壯之，名其所居竇融台為劉林台。 錢塘衛千戶袁興，全椒人。 從征雲南，自請為前鋒，陷陣死。 並褒贈有差。
Commissioner Liu Guang, garrisoning Yongping, was killed repelling raiders. Centurion Liu Lin of the Liangzhou Guard was killed when Yexian Temür rebelled. Border people admired his courage and renamed his post, the Dou Rong Terrace, as Liu Lin Terrace. Chiliarch Yuan Xing of the Qiantang Guard was from Quanjiao. On the Yunnan campaign he volunteered as vanguard, charged the enemy line, and was killed. All received posthumous honors of varying rank.
76
贊曰：明祖之興，自決策渡江，始力爭於東南數千里之內，摧友諒，滅士誠，然後北定中原，南圖閩、粵，則廖永安胡大海以下諸人，厥功豈細哉！ 計不旋踵，效命疆場，雖勛業未竟，然褒崇廟祀，竹帛爛然。 以視功成命爵、終罹黨籍者，其猶幸也夫。
The commentator writes: From the decision to cross the Yangzi the Ming founder first fought across the southeast for thousands of li, broke Chen Youliang, destroyed Zhang Shicheng, and only then secured the north and turned to Fujian and Guangdong—men such as Liao Yongan and Hu Dahai below them: their service was no small thing! They turned at once to die on the battlefield; though their careers were cut short, temples and histories honor them, their names bright on scroll and bamboo. Beside those who won full glory and titles yet ended in factional purges, they may have been the more fortunate.