1
韓觀山雲蕭授 〈（吳亮）〉 方瑛 〈（陳友）〉 李震王信 〈（都勝郭鋐）〉 彭倫歐磐張祐
Han Guan, Shan Yun, and Xiao Shou (Wu Liang)〉 Fang Ying (Chen You)〉 The biographies continue with Li Zhen and Wang Xin. (Du Sheng, Guo Qian)〉 Peng Lun, Ou Pan, and Zhang You
2
韓觀，字彥賓，虹人，高陽忠壯侯成子也。 以舍人宿衛，忠謹為太祖所知，授桂林右衛指揮僉事。
Han Guan, courtesy name Yanbin, came from Hong. He was the son of Han Cheng, Marquis of Gaoyang, posthumously honored as Zhongzhuang. Serving as a palace attendant on night duty, he impressed the founding emperor with his loyalty and discretion and was appointed vice commander of the Guilin Right Guard.
3
洪武十九年討平柳州、融縣諸蠻，累遷廣西都指揮使。 二十二年平富川蠻，設靈亭千戶所。 二十五年平賓州上林蠻。 二十七年會湖廣兵討全州、灌陽諸瑤，斬千四百余人。 明年捕擒宜山諸縣蠻，斬其偽王及萬戶以下二千八百余人。 以征南左副將軍從都督楊文討龍州土官趙宗壽，宗壽伏罪。 移兵征南丹、奉議及都康、向武、富勞、上林、思恩、都亮諸蠻，先後斬獲萬余級。
In Hongwu year 19 he suppressed the tribal uprisings in Liuzhou and Rong county and rose through successive promotions to become military commissioner of Guangxi. In year 22 he pacified the Fuchuan tribes and established the Lingting thousand-household garrison. In year 25 he pacified the Shanglin tribes in Bin prefecture. In year 27 he combined with Huguang troops to campaign against the Yao of Quanzhou and Guanyang, killing more than 1,400. The following year he captured the tribal forces of Yishan and neighboring counties, executing their self-proclaimed king and more than 2,800 subordinates down to the rank of ten-thousand-household chief. Serving as left vice general of the southern expedition, he followed Commissioner Yang Wen against Zhao Zongshou, the native official of Longzhou, who then submitted to judgment. He then moved his army against the tribes of Nandan, Fengyi, Dukang, Xiangwu, Fulao, Shanglin, Si'en, Duliang, and other districts, killing and capturing more than 10,000 in successive operations.
4
觀生長兵間，有勇略。 性鷙悍，誅罰無所假。 下令如山，人莫敢犯。 初，群蠻所在蜂起，剽郡縣，殺守吏，勢甚熾。 將士畏觀法，爭死鬥。 觀得賊必處以極刑。 間縱一二，使歸告諸蠻，諸蠻膽落。 由是境內得安。
Guan had grown up in the field and was both brave and resourceful. He was by nature fierce and relentless, granting no quarter in punishment. His commands stood firm as mountains, and no one dared defy them. At first the tribal peoples had risen everywhere, raiding prefectures and counties, killing local officials, and growing alarmingly powerful. His officers and men feared his discipline and fought one another to die first in battle. Whenever Guan captured rebels he invariably punished them with the utmost severity. Now and then he would release a captive or two to carry word back to the tribes, and their courage collapsed. In this way the region was brought to peace.
5
廬陵民嘯聚山澤。 帝不欲用兵，遣行人許子謨賫敕招諭，命觀臨撫之。 觀至，眾皆復業，賜璽書褒勞。 命佩征南將軍印，鎮廣西，節制兩廣官軍。 帝知觀嗜殺，賜璽書戒之曰：「蠻民易叛難服，殺愈多愈不治。 卿往鎮，務綏懷之，毋專殺戮。」 會群蠻復叛，帝遣員外郎李宗輔賫敕招之。 觀大陳兵示將發狀，而遣使與宗輔俱。 桂林蠻復業者六千家，惟思恩蠻未附。 而慶遠、柳、潯諸蠻方殺掠吏民，乃上章請討。
The people of Luling had banded together in the hills and marshes. The emperor did not wish to resort to arms and sent the itinerant official Xu Zimo with an edict of summons and reassurance, ordering Guan to go and pacify the people on the spot. When Guan arrived the people all returned to their livelihoods, and the court rewarded him with an imperial commendation. He was appointed to wear the seal of the southern-pacification general, to garrison Guangxi, and to command the regular armies of both Guang provinces. Knowing Guan's appetite for bloodshed, the emperor sent him an imperial letter of warning: "Tribal peoples rebel easily and submit with difficulty; the more you kill, the harder they are to govern. When you take up your command, win them through reassurance and care; do not rely on killing alone. Soon afterward the tribes rebelled again, and the emperor sent Vice Director Li Zongfu of the Ministry of Revenue with an edict to summon them back. Guan massed his troops in a show of imminent advance, yet sent an envoy to accompany Zongfu. Six thousand Guilin tribal households returned to their livelihoods, but the Si'en tribes had not yet submitted. Meanwhile the tribes of Qingyuan, Liuzhou, and Xunzhou were killing and plundering officials and civilians, and he memorialized the throne requesting authorization to campaign against them.
6
永樂元年與指揮葛森等擊斬理定諸縣山賊千一百八十有奇，擒其酋五十余人，斬以徇。 還所掠男女於民，而撫輯其逃散者。 明年遣都指揮朱輝諭降宜山、忻城諸山寨。 荔波瑤震恐，乞為編戶。 帝屬觀撫之，八十余洞皆歸附。 明年，潯、桂、柳三府蠻作亂，已撫復叛，遣朱輝以偏師破之。 蠻大懼。 會朝廷遣郎中徐子良至，遂來降，歸所掠人畜器械。
In Yongle 1, together with Commander Ge Sen and others, he attacked and killed more than 1,180 mountain bandits in Liding and neighboring counties, captured more than fifty chieftains, and executed them publicly as a warning. He restored captives to their families and brought back those who had fled and scattered. The following year he sent Regional Commander Zhu Hui to persuade the mountain strongholds of Yishan and Xincheng to submit. The Yao of Libo were terrified and petitioned to be registered as regular tax-paying households. The emperor charged Guan with pacifying them, and more than eighty cave settlements submitted in turn. The next year the tribes of Xun, Gui, and Liuzhou prefectures rose again—having submitted once, they rebelled anew—and he sent Zhu Hui with a secondary column to break them. The tribes were terrified. When the court dispatched Director Xu Ziliang they submitted, returning the people, livestock, and weapons they had seized.
7
四年大發兵討安南，詔觀畫方略，轉粟二十萬石餉軍。 已，復命偕大理卿陳洽選土兵三萬會太平，仍令觀偵安南賊中動靜。 尋從大兵發憑祥，抵坡壘關，以所部營關下，伐木治橋梁，給軍食。 安南平，命措置交阯緣途諸堡，而柳、潯諸蠻乘觀出，復叛。
In year 4 the court mobilized a major expedition against Annam, ordering Guan to plan strategy and transport 200,000 piculs of grain to supply the army. He was then ordered, together with Chief Minister of Justice Chen Qia, to raise thirty thousand native troops for assembly at Taiping, while Guan continued to reconnoiter enemy movements in Annam. Soon afterward he marched with the main army from Pingxiang to Polei Pass, encamped his division below the pass, cut timber to build bridges, and provisioned the army. After Annam was pacified he was ordered to organize the frontier forts along the Jiaozhi route, but the tribes of Liuzhou and Xunzhou rebelled again while Guan was away.
8
五年，觀旋師抵柳州。 賊望風遁匿，觀請俟秋涼深入，且請濟師。 帝使使發湖廣、廣東、貴州三都司兵，又敕新城侯張輔遣都督朱廣、方政以征交阯兵協討。 十月，諸軍皆集，分道進剿。 觀自以貴州、兩廣兵由柳州攻馬平、來賓、遷江、賓州、上林、羅城、融縣，皆破之。 會兵象州，復進武宣、東鄉、桂林、貴平、永福。 斬首萬余級，擒萬三千余人，群蠻復定。 捷聞，帝嘉勞之。
In year 5 Guan marched back and reached Liuzhou. The rebels fled at the first rumor of his approach; Guan asked to wait for cooler autumn weather before pushing deep into the hills and requested additional troops. The emperor dispatched envoys to mobilize troops from the Huguang, Guangdong, and Guizhou regional commands and ordered Marquis Zhang Fu of Xincheng to send Commissioners Zhu Guang and Fang Zheng with the Annam expeditionary army to join the campaign. In the tenth month all forces assembled and advanced along separate routes to suppress the rebels. Guan himself led the Guizhou and two-Guang forces from Liuzhou against Maping, Laibin, Qianjiang, Binzhou, Shanglin, Luocheng, and Rong county, defeating them all. He concentrated his forces at Xiangzhou and advanced on Wuxuan, Dongxiang, Guilin, Guiping, and Yongfu. More than 10,000 heads were taken and more than 13,000 captives seized, and the tribal peoples were pacified once more. When word of victory reached the court, the emperor commended and rewarded him.
9
九年拜征夷副將軍，仍佩故印，總兵鎮交阯。 明年復命轉粟給張輔軍。 輔再出師定交阯，觀皆主饋運，不為將，故功不著。
In year 9 he was appointed vice general for the subjugation of the barbarians, retained his former seal, and took overall command of the garrison in Jiaozhi. The following year he was again ordered to transport grain for Zhang Fu's army. When Zhang Fu marched again to secure Jiaozhi, Guan was always responsible for logistics rather than field command, so his martial credit remained modest.
10
觀在廣西久，威震南中，蠻人惴惴奉命。 繼之者，自山雲外，皆不能及。 十二年九月卒，無子。 宣德二年，保定伯梁銘奏求觀南京故宅。 帝許之。 既聞觀妻居其中，曰：「觀，功臣地，雖歿，豈可奪之？」 遂不許。 令有司以他宅賜銘。
Guan had long served in Guangxi, and his reputation awed the south; the tribal peoples obeyed in fear and trembling. Of those who followed him, none but Shan Yun could approach his record. He died in the ninth month of year 12, leaving no son. In Xuande year 2, Earl Liang Ming of Baoding memorialized requesting Guan's former house in Nanjing. The emperor approved the request. When he learned that Guan's widow still lived there, he said: "Guan was a meritorious minister. Though he is dead, how can we seize his home?" He therefore refused. He ordered the authorities to grant Ming a different house instead.
11
山雲，徐人。 父青，以百戶從成祖起兵，積功至都督僉事。 雲貌魁梧，多智略。 初襲金吾左衛指揮使。 數從出塞，有功。 時幼軍二十五所，隸府軍前衛，掌衛者不任事，更命雲及李玉等五人撫戢之。 仁守立，擢行在中軍都督僉事。
Shan Yun came from Xu. His father Qing had followed the Chengzu emperor's uprising as a centurion and rose through merit to vice commissioner of the chief military commission. Yun was tall and imposing and possessed considerable strategic talent. He first inherited the post of commander of the Left Jinwu Guard. He campaigned beyond the frontier on many occasions and distinguished himself. At the time twenty-five juvenile-army companies were attached to the Forward Metropolitan Guard, but their commanders were incompetent, so Yun, Li Yu, and four others were reassigned to discipline them. His fair and upright administration won recognition, and he was promoted to vice commissioner of the mobile army at the traveling court.
12
宣德元年改北京行都督府，命偕都御史王彰自山海抵居庸，巡視關隘，以便宜行事。 帝征樂安，召輔鄭王、襄王居守。
In Xuande 1, when the Beijing traveling regional command was reorganized, he was ordered with Censor-in-Chief Wang Zhang to inspect the frontier passes from Shanhai to Juyong and to act at his discretion. When the emperor campaigned against Le'an, Yun was recalled to assist the princes of Zheng and Xiang in guarding the capital.
13
明年，柳、慶蠻韋朝烈等掠臨桂諸縣。 時鎮遠侯顧興祖以不救邱溫被逮，公侯大臣舉雲。 帝亦自知之。 三年正月命佩征蠻將軍印，充總兵官往鎮。 雲至，討朝烈，破之。 賊保山巔，山峻險，掛木於藤，壘石其上。 官軍至，輒斷藤下木石，無敢近者。 雲夜半束火牛羊角，以金鼓隨其後，驅向賊。 賊謂官軍至，亟斷藤。 比明，木石且盡，眾噪而登，遂盡破之。 南安、廣源諸蠻悉下。 是夏，忻城蠻譚團作亂，雲討擒之。 四年春，討平柳、潯諸蠻。 其秋，雒容蠻出掠，遣指揮王綸破之。 雲上綸功，並劾其殺良民罪，帝宥綸而心重雲。 廣西自韓觀卒後，諸蠻漸橫。 雲以廣西兵少，留貴州兵為用，先後討平潯、柳、平樂、桂林、宜山、思恩諸蠻。 九年又以慶遠、郁林苗、瑤非大創不服，請濟師。 詔發廣東兵千五百人益雲。 雲分道剿捕，擒斬甚眾。 復遣指揮田真攻大藤峽賊，破之。
The following year Wei Chaolie and other tribal leaders from Liuzhou and Qingyuan raided the counties around Lingui. Marquis Gu Xingzu of Zhenyuan had been arrested for failing to relieve Qiu Wen, and the highest nobles and ministers recommended Yun. The emperor already knew Yun was the right man. In the first month of year 3 he was ordered to wear the seal of the tribal-pacification general and take overall command of the garrison. When Yun arrived he attacked Chaolie and defeated him. The rebels held the mountain crest; the peak was steep and dangerous, with timbers hung from vines and stones heaped above. Whenever government troops approached, the vines were cut and timber and stone rained down, and no one dared come near. At midnight Yun tied torches to ox and goat horns, followed them with drums and gongs, and drove the herd toward the rebels. The rebels thought the army had arrived and hurriedly cut the vines. By dawn their stock of timber and stone was nearly gone; Yun's men shouted and stormed the height, routing the rebels completely. The tribes of Nan'an, Guangyuan, and neighboring districts all submitted. That summer Tan Tuan of the Xincheng tribes rebelled; Yun campaigned against him and took him captive. In the spring of year 4 he suppressed the tribes of Liuzhou and Xunzhou. That autumn the Luorong tribes raided outward; he sent Commander Wang Lun to defeat them. Yun reported Lun's victories but also impeached him for killing innocent civilians; the emperor pardoned Lun but came to esteem Yun all the more. After Han Guan's death the tribal peoples of Guangxi had grown increasingly defiant. Finding Guangxi understrength, Yun kept Guizhou troops on hand and in succession pacified the tribes of Xunzhou, Liuzhou, Pingle, Guilin, Yishan, Si'en, and other districts. In year 9 he reported that the Miao and Yao of Qingyuan and Yulin would not submit without a major defeat and requested reinforcements. The court ordered 1,500 Guangdong troops sent to reinforce him. Yun pursued the rebels along separate routes, capturing and killing a great many. He also sent Commander Tian Zhen against the rebels of Great Rattan Gorge and defeated them.
14
雲在鎮，先後大戰十余，斬首萬二千二百六十，降賊酋三百七十，奪還男女二千五百八十，築城堡十三，鋪舍五百，陶磚鑿石，增高益厚。 自是瑤、僮屏跡，居民安堵。 論功，進都督同知，璽書褒勞。
During his command he fought more than ten major engagements, taking 12,260 heads, receiving the surrender of 370 rebel chiefs, recovering 2,580 captives, building thirteen forts, erecting five hundred outpost stations, and firing bricks and quarrying stone to raise and thicken the defenses. Thereafter the Yao and Zhuang vanished from the roads, and the people lived in peace. When his merits were assessed, he was promoted to vice commissioner-in-chief and received an imperial letter of commendation and reward.
15
雲謀勇深沈，而端潔不茍取，公賞罰，嚴號令，與士卒同甘苦。 臨機應變，戰無不捷。 廣西鎮帥初至，土官率饋獻為故事。 帥受之，即為所持。 雲始至，聞府吏鄭牢剛直，召問曰：「饋可受乎？」 牢曰：「潔衣被體，一汙不可湔，將軍新潔衣也。」 雲曰：「不受，彼且生疑，奈何？」 牢曰：「黷貨，法當死。 將軍不畏天子法，乃畏土夷乎？」 雲曰：「善。」 盡卻饋獻，嚴馭之。 由是土官畏服，調發無敢後者。 雲所至，詢問裏老，撫善良，察誣枉，土人皆愛之。
Yun was shrewd and courageous in counsel, upright and incorruptible, fair in reward and punishment, firm in his orders, and shared every hardship with his men. He adapted swiftly to circumstances, and in battle he was invariably victorious. When a military commissioner first arrived in Guangxi, native officials invariably offered gifts as a matter of custom. Once a commander accepted such gifts, the donors held leverage over him. When Yun first arrived, he heard that the prefectural clerk Zheng Lao was upright and resolute. He summoned him and asked, "Should I accept these gifts?" Lao replied, "Clean garments worn on the body—stain them once and they can never be fully washed. You are still in fresh, unsullied garb, General." Yun said, "If I refuse them, they will grow suspicious. What am I to do?" Lao said, "Taking bribes is a capital offense under the law. You do not fear the emperor's law, yet you fear the native chiefs?" Yun said, "You are right." He refused every gift offered and enforced strict discipline thereafter. Thereafter the native officials submitted in awe, and none dared lag when called to mobilize. Wherever Yun went he consulted village elders, cared for the worthy, investigated false accusations and injustice, and won the affection of the local people.
16
初，韓觀鎮廣西，專殺戮。 慶遠諸生來迓。 觀曰：「此皆賊覘我也。」 悉斬之。 雲平恕，參佐有罪，輒上請，不妄殺人，人亦不敢犯。 鄭牢嘗逮事觀。 觀醉，輒殺人。 牢輒留之，醒乃以白。 牢為士大夫所重，然竟以隸終。
Earlier, when Han Guan had commanded Guangxi, he had dealt almost exclusively in executions. The student-scholars of Qingyuan came out to welcome him. Guan said, "These are all rebel scouts." He had them all beheaded. Yun was even-tempered and merciful. When a subordinate committed an offense he always reported it to the court rather than killing recklessly, and as a result no one dared transgress. Zheng Lao had once served under Guan. When Guan grew drunk he would kill people on the spot. Lao would hold the condemned back and only inform Guan once he had sobered. Lao was held in esteem by the gentry, yet he ended his days as a mere clerk.
17
蕭授，華容人。 由千戶從成祖起兵，至都指揮同知。 永樂十六年擢右軍都督僉事，充總兵官，鎮湖廣、貴州。
Xiao Shou came from Huarong. Starting as a thousand-household officer, he followed the Chengzu emperor when he raised his army and rose to vice commander-in-chief. In the sixteenth year of Yongle he was promoted to assistant commissioner of the Right Army, appointed commander-in-chief, and posted to garrison Huguang and Guizhou.
18
水西蠻阿閉妨宜作亂，授結旁寨酋，以計誅之。 而西堡蠻阿骨等與寨底、豐寧、清平、平越、普安諸苗復相聚為寇，四川筠連諸蠻應之。 授且捕且撫。 諸蠻先後聽命，承制赦之。 以豐寧酋稔惡，械送京師，伏誅。 七年諭降安隆酋岑俊。 已，討辰州蠻，擒其酋八十，斬馘無算。 移兵擊江華苗，討富川山賊，先後破擒之。
When the Shuixi tribesman A Bi Fang Yi rebelled, Shou won over chiefs of neighboring stockades and by stratagem had him killed. The Xibao tribesmen A Gu and others then joined with the Miao of Zaidi, Fengning, Qingping, Pingyue, Pu'an, and other districts to raid once more, and the tribes of Junlian in Sichuan rose in response. Shou combined pursuit with conciliation. The tribes submitted one after another, and by imperial mandate he granted them pardon. The Fengning chief, guilty of longstanding offenses, was sent shackled to the capital and executed. In year 7 he received the surrender of the Anlong chief Cen Jun. He then campaigned against the Chenzhou tribes, capturing eighty chiefs and killing countless others. He then turned his forces against the Jianghua Miao and the mountain bandits of Fuchuan, defeating and capturing them in succession.
19
先是，貴州治古、答意二長官司苗數出掠。 授築二十四堡，環其地，分兵以戍，賊不得逞。 久之，其酋吳不爾覘官軍少，復掠清浪，殺官吏。 授遣張名擊破之。 賊走湖廣境，結生苗，勢復張。 授乃發黔、楚、蜀軍分道捕討。 進軍筸子坪，誅不爾，斬首五百九十余級，賊悉平。 九年，都勻蠻為亂，引廣西賊入掠。 授遣指揮陳原、顧勇分道邀擊，獲賊首韋萬良等，降下合江蔡郎等五十余寨。
Earlier the Miao under the Zhigu and Dayi native offices in Guizhou had repeatedly raided outward. Shou built twenty-four forts ringing their territory, posted troops to garrison them, and the rebels could no longer operate freely. After some time their chief Wu Bu'er, seeing that government forces were thinly spread, raided Qinglang again and killed local officials. Shou sent Zhang Ming to defeat them. The rebels fled into Huguang, allied with the unassimilated Miao, and grew strong again. Shou then mobilized troops from Guizhou, Huguang, and Sichuan to hunt them down along separate routes. Advancing to Gangziping, he executed Wu Bu'er, took more than 590 heads, and pacified the rebels completely. In year 9 the Duyun tribes rebelled and brought in Guangxi raiders to loot the region. Shou sent the commanders Chen Yuan and Gu Yong to intercept them along separate routes, capturing the rebel leaders Wei Wanliang and others and receiving the submission of more than fifty stockades, including Hejiang and Cailang.
20
四年，貴州計沙賊苗金蟲、苗總牌糾洪江生苗作亂，偽立「統千侯」、「統萬侯」號。 授督兵抵計沙，分遣都指揮鄭通攻三羊洞，馬曄攻黃柏山，大破之。 吳亮窮追至蒲頭、洪江，斬總牌，千戶尹勝誘斬金蟲，於是生苗盡降。 授沈毅多計算，裨校皆盡其材，而馭軍嚴整。 自鎮遠侯顧成歿，群蠻所在屯結。 官軍討之，皆無功。 授在鎮二十余年，規畫多本於成。 久益明練，威信大行，寇起輒滅，前後諸帥莫及也。 論功，進左都督。 是年六月召還，以老致仕。 尋起視事右府。 十年卒。 贈臨武伯，謚靖襄。
In year 4 the Jisha rebels—the Miao leaders Jin Chong and Zongpai—incited the Hongjiang sheng Miao to rise, proclaiming themselves "Lord of a Thousand Regiments" and "Lord of Myriad Regiments." Shou marched on Jisha and sent the commanders-in-chief Zheng Tong against Sanyang Cave and Ma Ye against Huangbo Mountain, routing both forces. Wu Liang pursued the rebels to Putou and Hongjiang and killed Zongpai; the thousand-household officer Yin Sheng lured Jin Chong out and killed him, whereupon the sheng Miao surrendered entirely. Shou was deliberate and resourceful, drawing the best from his officers while keeping his troops under iron discipline. Since the death of Gu Cheng, Marquis of Zhenyuan, the tribes had banded together wherever they could. Government campaigns against them had all failed. Shou held command for more than twenty years, and much of his strategy was drawn from Gu Cheng's experience. He grew ever more seasoned with time. His authority became paramount, rebels were crushed as soon as they arose, and no commander before or since could equal him. When his merits were assessed he was promoted to left commissioner-in-chief. That year, in the sixth month, he was recalled to court and retired on account of his age. He was soon recalled to administer affairs in the Right Army commission. In year 10 he died. He was posthumously ennobled as Marquis of Linwu with the posthumous title Jingxiang.
21
吳亮，來安人。 永樂初，為旗手衛指揮僉事。 宣德中，署湖廣都指揮僉事。 尋以右副總兵與王瑜督漕運。
Wu Liang came from Lai'an. At the beginning of the Yongle reign he served as assistant commander of the Qishou Guard. During the Xuande reign he served as acting assistant commissioner-in-chief of Huguang. He was soon appointed right vice commander-in-chief and, together with Wang Yu, supervised the grain transport.
22
英宗初，討新淦賊有功，累進都督僉事，副授鎮湖廣、貴州。 破普定蠻，進都督同知。 平計沙苗，進右都督。 方政歿於麓川，召亮還京，命為副總兵，將兵五萬往討。 至雲南，賊益熾，坐金齒參將張榮敗不救，逮下獄。 左遷都督僉事，仍佩征南副將軍印，鎮湖廣、貴州，討平四川都掌蠻。 尋召還，視右府事。 正統十一年卒。
Early in the Yingzong reign he earned distinction suppressing rebels in Xin'gan, was promoted in stages to assistant commissioner-in-chief, and was appointed deputy commander garrisoning Huguang and Guizhou. After defeating the Puding tribes he was promoted to vice commissioner-in-chief. After pacifying the Jisha Miao he was promoted to right commissioner-in-chief. When Fang Zheng died at Lucchuan, Liang was recalled to the capital, appointed vice commander-in-chief, and sent with fifty thousand men to carry on the campaign. On reaching Yunnan he found the rebels stronger than ever. He was charged with failing to rescue the Jinchi deputy Zhang Rong after his defeat, arrested, and thrown in prison. Demoted to assistant commissioner-in-chief, he retained the seal of vice general of the southern expedition, returned to garrison Huguang and Guizhou, and suppressed the Duzhang tribes of Sichuan. He was soon recalled to administer affairs in the Right Army commission. He died in the eleventh year of Zhengtong.
23
亮姿貌魁梧，性寬簡，不喜殺戮，所至蠻人懷附。 好讀書，至老，手不釋卷。
Liang was tall and imposing, open and easy in temperament, averse to slaughter; wherever he went the tribes welcomed his rule. He was an avid reader and, even in old age, never put his books down.
24
方瑛，都督政之子。 正統初，以舍人從父征麓川。 父戰死，瑛發憤，矢報父仇。 初襲指揮使，已，論政死事功，遷都指揮同知。
Fang Ying was the son of Commissioner-in-Chief Fang Zheng. Early in the Zhengtong reign he followed his father to Lucchuan as a household attendant. When his father fell in battle, Ying swore to avenge him. He first inherited his father's rank as commander, then, in recognition of Fang Zheng's death in service, was promoted to vice commander-in-chief.
25
六年從王驥征麓川。 帥兵六千突賊壘。 賊渠衣黃衣帳中。 瑛直前，左右擊斬數百人，躪死者無算，遂平其地。 進都指揮使。 尋復從驥破貢章、沙壩、阿嶺諸蠻。 進都督僉事，蒞後府事，充右參將，協守雲南。 十三年復從驥征麓川。 破鬼山大寨，留鎮雲南。
In year 6 he followed Wang Ji on the Lucchuan expedition. Leading six thousand men he stormed the rebel stronghold. The rebel chieftain sat in his tent dressed in yellow. Ying charged straight in. His men cut down several hundred rebels on either side and trampled countless others underfoot, and the stronghold was taken. He was promoted to commander-in-chief. He soon followed Ji again in defeating the tribes of Gongzhang, Shaba, A'ling, and others. Promoted to assistant commissioner-in-chief, he took charge of the Rear Army commission, served as right deputy general, and helped defend Yunnan. In year 13 he again joined Wang Ji on the Lucchuan campaign. After breaking the great stockade at Guishan he remained to garrison Yunnan.
26
景泰元年，廷議以瑛有將略，命都督毛福壽代，還，進都督同知。 甫抵京，而貴州群苗叛，道梗。 驥請瑛還討。 其年四月拜右副總兵，與保定伯梁缶、侍郎侯琎次第破走之。 進右都督。 復破賞改諸寨，擒偽苗王王阿同等。 琎卒，都御史王來代督軍務，分道擊賊香爐山。 瑛入自龍場，大破平之。
In the first year of Jingtai the court judged Ying to possess genuine military talent. Mao Fushou was appointed commissioner-in-chief in his place, Ying was recalled, and promoted to vice commissioner-in-chief. Hardly had he reached the capital when the Miao of Guizhou rose in rebellion and cut the main routes. Wang Ji requested that Ying be sent back to suppress them. In the fourth month of that year he was appointed right vice commander-in-chief and, together with the Earl of Baoding Liang Fou and Vice Minister Hou Jin, drove the rebels back in successive engagements. He was promoted to right commissioner-in-chief. He next broke the stockades around Shangai and captured the self-proclaimed Miao king Wang A'tong and others. After Hou Jin's death, Censor-in-Chief Wang Lai took over military command and they attacked the rebels at Xianglu Mountain along separate routes. Ying advanced through Longchang, routed the rebels, and pacified the region.
27
三年秋，來劾瑛違法事，置不問。 來召還，命瑛鎮守貴州。 其冬，討白石崖賊，俘斬二千五百人，招降四百六十寨。 進左都督。 五年，四川草塘苗黃龍、韋保作亂，自稱「平天大王」，剽播州西坪、黃灘。 瑛與巡撫蔣琳會川兵進剿，賊魁皆就縛。 因分兵克中潮山及三百灘、乖西、谷種、乖立諸寨，執偽王谷蟻丁等，斬首七千余。 詔封南和伯。
In the autumn of year 3 Wang Lai impeached Ying for misconduct, but the charge was dropped. Wang Lai was recalled, and Ying was ordered to garrison Guizhou. That winter he suppressed the rebels at White Stone Cliff, killing or capturing 2,500 men and receiving the surrender of 460 stockades. He was promoted to left commissioner-in-chief. In year 5 the Caotang Miao of Sichuan, Huang Long and Wei Bao, rebelled, proclaiming themselves "King Who Pacifies Heaven," and raided Xiping and Huangtan in Bozhou. Ying joined Grand Coordinator Jiang Lin and Sichuan troops in a joint campaign, and the rebel leaders were all captured. He then divided his forces to take Zhongchao Mountain and the stockades at Sanbaitan, Guaixi, Guzhong, Guali, and elsewhere, capturing the self-proclaimed king Gu Yiding and others and taking more than 7,000 heads. The court ennobled him as Earl of Nanhe.
28
瑛為將，嚴紀律，信賞罰，臨陣勇敢，善撫士。 士皆樂為用，以故數有功。 廷臣言宜委以禁旅，乃召還，同石亨督京營軍務。 明年，琳奏瑛前守貴州，邊境寧，苗蠻畏服，乞遣還。 帝不許。 未幾，湖廣苗叛，拜瑛平蠻將軍，率京軍討之，而使御史張鵬偵其後。 還奏，瑛所過秋毫不犯，帝大喜。
As a commander Ying enforced strict discipline, kept his word in reward and punishment, fought bravely in the field, and knew how to win his men's loyalty. His men served him willingly, and as a result he won victory after victory. Court officials argued that he should be put in charge of the capital guard, so he was recalled to serve alongside Shi Heng in supervising the capital garrison. The following year Jiang Lin memorialized that when Ying had previously held Guizhou the frontier had been secure and the Miao had submitted in fear, and he asked that Ying be sent back. The emperor refused. Before long the Miao of Huguang rose in rebellion. Ying was appointed General Who Pacifies the Barbarians, led the capital troops against them, and Censor Zhang Peng was dispatched to audit his conduct from the rear. On his return Zhang Peng reported that Ying's army had not harmed so much as a stalk of grain along the route, and the emperor was delighted.
29
七年，賊渠蒙能攻平溪衛。 都指揮鄭泰等擊卻之，能中火槍死，瑛遂進沅州。 連破鬼板等一百六十余寨。 與尚書石璞移兵天柱，率陳友等分擊天堂諸寨，復大破之。 克寨二百七十，擒偽侯伯以下一百二人。 時英宗已復位。 捷聞，璞召還，瑛留鎮貴州、湖廣。 瑛討蒙能余黨，克銅鼓藕洞一百九十五寨，覃洞、上隆諸苗各斬其渠納款。 帝嘉瑛功，進侯。 天順二年，東苗幹把豬等僭偽號，攻都勻諸衛。 命瑛與巡撫白圭合川、湖、雲、貴軍討之，克六百余寨。 邊方悉定。 瑛前後克寨幾二千，俘斬四萬余。 平苗之功，前此無與比者。 尋卒於鎮，年四十五。 帝震悼，賜謚忠襄。
In the seventh year the rebel leader Meng Neng attacked Pingxi Guard. Commander-in-Chief Zheng Tai and others drove them back; Meng Neng was killed by a fire-lance, and Ying then advanced into Yuanzhou. He went on to take more than 160 stockades, including Guiban and others. He joined Minister of War Shi Pu in moving troops to Tianzhu, then led Chen You and others in separate attacks on the Tiantang stockades and routed the rebels once more. He took 270 stockades and captured 102 self-styled nobles, from marquises and earls on down. By then Emperor Yingzong had already been restored to the throne. When word of the victory arrived, Shi Pu was recalled while Ying was left to garrison Guizhou and Huguang. Ying suppressed the remnants of Meng Neng's forces, taking 195 stockades at Tonggu and Oudong, while the Miao of Tandong, Shanglong, and elsewhere each executed their own leaders and surrendered. The emperor commended Ying's achievements and promoted him to marquess. In the second year of Tianshun the eastern Miao leader Ganbazhu and others assumed false titles and attacked the guards around Duyun. Ying was ordered to join Grand Coordinator Bai Gui in combining forces from Sichuan, Huguang, Yunnan, and Guizhou against them, and they took more than 600 stockades. The frontier was fully pacified. In all his campaigns Ying took nearly 2,000 stockades and killed or captured more than 40,000 enemies. No one before him had matched his record in pacifying the Miao. He soon died at his command post, at the age of forty-five. The emperor was deeply grieved and granted him the posthumous title Zhongxiang, "Loyal and Assisting."
30
瑛天姿英邁，曉古兵法。 嘗上練兵法及陣圖，老將多稱之。 為人廉，謙和不伐。 所至鎮以安靜，民思之，久而不忘。
Ying was naturally bold and gifted, and well versed in classical military strategy. He once submitted treatises on drill and battle formations, which many veteran commanders praised. He was upright, modest, and never boastful. Wherever he was posted he kept the region at peace, and the people remembered him long afterward.
31
子毅，嗣伯爵，誘祖母誣從父瑞不孝，坐奪爵閑住。 卒，子壽祥嗣。 正德中，歷鎮貴州、湖廣。 傳爵至明亡乃絕。
His son Yi inherited the earldom but persuaded his grandmother to falsely accuse his uncle Rui of unfilial conduct; for this he was stripped of his title and reduced to private life. When he died, his son Shouxiang inherited the title. During the Zhengde reign he served in turn as garrison commander of Guizhou and Huguang. The line continued until the fall of the Ming, when it died out.
32
陳友，其先西域入，家全椒。 正統初，官千戶，累遷都指揮僉事。 頻年使瓦剌有勞，尋復進都指揮使。 九年充寧夏遊擊將軍，與總兵官黃真擊兀良哈。 多獲，進都督僉事。 未幾，出塞招答哈卜等四百人來歸。
Chen You's family had come from the Western Regions and settled at Quanjiao. At the start of the Zhengtong reign he held the rank of chiliarch and rose through repeated promotions to assistant commander-in-chief. He served repeatedly as envoy to the Oirats with distinction and was soon promoted to commander-in-chief. In year 9 he served as mobile commander of Ningxia and, together with Commander-in-Chief Huang Zhen, fought the Urianghai. He took many captives and was promoted to assistant commissioner-in-chief. Before long he crossed the frontier and persuaded Dahabi and four hundred others to come over to the Ming.
33
景帝即位，進都督同知，征湖廣、貴州苗。 尋充左參將，守備靖州。 景泰二年偕王來等擊賊香爐山，自萬潮山入，大破之。 留鎮湖廣。 論功，進右都督。 四年春奏斬苗五百余級，五年又奏斬苗三百余。 而都指揮戚安等八人戰死，兵部疑首功不實，指揮蔡升亦奏友欺妄。 命總督石璞廉之，斬獲僅三四十人，陷將士千四百人，宜罪。 詔令殺賊自效。 天順元年隨瑛征天堂諸苗，大獲。 命充左副總兵，仍鎮湖廣。 已，又偕瑛破蒙能余黨。 召封武平伯，予世券。 孛來犯邊，充遊擊將軍，從安遠侯柳溥等往禦。 率都指揮趙瑛等與戰，敵敗遁。 再犯鎮番，復擊卻之，俘百六十人。 尋佩將軍印，充總兵官，討寧夏寇。 先是，寇大入甘、涼，溥及總兵衛穎等不能禦，惟友稍獲。 至是巡撫芮釗列諸將失事狀，兵部請免友罪。 詔並宥溥等。 召還，進侯，卒。
When the Jingdi emperor acceded, he was promoted to vice commissioner-in-chief and sent against the Miao of Huguang and Guizhou. He soon served as left deputy general, defending Jingzhou. In the second year of Jingtai he joined Wang Lai and others in attacking the rebels at Xianglu Mountain, advancing from Wanchao Mountain, and routed them. He remained to garrison Huguang. For his achievements he was promoted to right commissioner-in-chief. In the spring of year 4 he reported more than 500 Miao killed; in year 5 he reported another 300 or more. Yet eight commanders, including Qi An, had died in battle; the Ministry of War doubted the reported kills, and Commander Cai Sheng also accused You of fraud. Governor-General Shi Pu was ordered to investigate and found only thirty or forty actual kills, while 1,400 officers and men had been lost — grounds for punishment. An edict allowed him to redeem himself by killing rebels. In the first year of Tianshun he followed Ying against the Tiantang Miao and won a great victory. He was appointed left vice commander-in-chief and continued to garrison Huguang. He then joined Ying again in defeating the remnants of Meng Neng's forces. He was recalled, ennobled as Earl of Wuping, and granted a hereditary patent of nobility. When Bolai raided the frontier he served as mobile commander and joined the Marquis of Anyuan Liu Pu and others in repelling the invasion. Leading Commander-in-Chief Zhao Ying and others into battle, he routed the enemy and drove them off. When they raided Zhenfan again he repulsed them once more and took 160 captives. He soon received the general's seal and served as commander-in-chief against the Ningxia raiders. Earlier the raiders had swept deep into Gan and Liang; Liu Pu, Commander-in-Chief Wei Ying, and others had failed to stop them, and only You had won any success. Grand Coordinator Rui Zhao then submitted a report on the generals' failures, and the Ministry of War asked that You's punishment be waived. An edict pardoned Liu Pu and the others as well. He was recalled, promoted to marquess, and died.
34
傳子至孫綱，弘治中，請友贈謚。 詔贈沔國公，謚武僖。 綱傳子勛及熹。 嘉靖中，吏部以友征苗功多冒濫，請停襲。 帝不從。 熹子大策復得嗣，至明亡乃絕。
The title passed down to his grandson Gang, who in the Hongzhi reign requested a posthumous honor for You. The court posthumously ennobled him as Duke of Mian with the posthumous title Wuxi, "Martial and Delightful." Gang passed the title to his sons Xun and Xi. During the Jiajing reign the Ministry of Personnel, citing the inflated claims in You's Miao campaigns, asked that the line cease to inherit the title. The emperor refused. Xi's son Dace inherited the title again, and the line continued until the fall of the Ming.
35
李震，南陽人。 父謙，都督僉事，震襲指揮使。 正統九年從征兀良哈有功，進都指揮僉事。 已，從王驥平麓川，進同知。
Li Zhen was from Nanyang. His father Qian had been assistant commissioner-in-chief; Zhen inherited the rank of commander. In the ninth year of Zhengtong he joined the campaign against the Urianghai with distinction and was promoted to assistant commander-in-chief. He then followed Wang Ji in pacifying Lucchuan and was promoted to vice commander.
36
景帝即位，充貴州右參將。 擊苗於偏橋，敗之。 景泰二年從王來征韋同烈。 破鎖兒、流源諸寨，俘斬千六百人，共克香爐山，獲同烈。 進都指揮使，守靖州。 尋坐罪征還。 方瑛討苗，乞震隨軍，詔許立功贖。 已，從瑛大破天堂諸苗，仍充左參將。 瑛平銅鼓諸賊，震亦進武岡，克牛欄等五十四寨。 斬獲多，進都督僉事。
When the Jingdi emperor acceded, he served as right deputy general of Guizhou. He defeated the Miao at Pianqiao. In the second year of Jingtai he joined Wang Lai in campaigning against Wei Tonglie. He took the stockades at Suo'er, Liuyuan, and elsewhere, killing or capturing 1,600 men, then helped capture Xianglu Mountain and seize Wei Tonglie. Promoted to commander-in-chief, he was posted to defend Jingzhou. He was soon recalled to the capital to face charges. When Fang Ying campaigned against the Miao, Zhen asked to join the army, and an edict allowed him to redeem himself through service. He then followed Ying in a major victory over the Tiantang Miao and was reappointed left deputy general. While Ying pacified the Tonggu rebels, Zhen advanced into Wugang and took 54 stockades, including Niulan. For his many kills and captures he was promoted to assistant commissioner-in-chief.
37
天順中，復從瑛平貴東苗幹把豬。 瑛卒，即以震充總兵官，代鎮貴州、湖廣。 初，麻城人李添保以逋賦逃入苗中。 偽稱唐太宗後，眾萬余，僭王，建元「武烈」，剽掠遠近。 震進擊，大破之。 添保遁入貴州鬼池諸苗中，復誘群苗出掠。 震擒之，送京師。 尋破西堡苗。
During the Tianshun reign he again followed Ying in suppressing the eastern Guizhou Miao leader Ganbazhu. When Ying died, Zhen was appointed commander-in-chief in his place to garrison Guizhou and Huguang. Earlier Li Tianbao of Macheng had fled among the Miao to escape tax arrears. He falsely claimed descent from Emperor Taizong of Tang, gathered more than ten thousand followers, proclaimed himself king under the era name "Wulie," and raided far and wide. Zhen advanced against him and won a crushing victory. Tianbao escaped into the Guichi Miao of Guizhou and again incited the tribes to raid. Zhen captured him and sent him to the capital. He soon defeated the Xibao Miao as well.
38
五年春剿城步瑤、僮，攻橫水、城溪、莫宜、中平諸寨，皆破之。 長驅至廣西西延，會總兵官過興軍，克十八團諸瑤，前後俘斬數千人。 其冬命震專鎮湖廣，以李安充總兵，守貴州。 明年夏率師由錦田、江華抵雲川、桂嶺、橫江諸寨，破瑤，俘斬二千八百余人。 七年冬，苗據赤溪湳洞長官司。 震與安分道進，斬賊渠飛天侯等，破寨二百，遂復長官司。 進都督同知。 明年冬，廣西瑤侵湖南，夜入桂陽州大掠。 震遣兵分道追擊，連敗之，俘斬千余人。
In the spring of the fifth year he suppressed the Yao and Zhuang of Chengbu, attacking the stockades at Hengshui, Chengxi, Moyi, Zhongping, and elsewhere, and broke them all. He pushed deep into Xiyan in Guangxi, joined forces with Commander-in-Chief Guo Xing, defeated the Yao of the Eighteen Tuan, and in all killed or captured several thousand. That winter Zhen was ordered to concentrate on garrisoning Huguang, while Li An was appointed commander-in-chief to hold Guizhou. The following summer he led his army from Jintian and Jianghua against the stockades at Yunchuan, Guiling, Hengjiang, and elsewhere, defeating the Yao and killing or capturing more than 2,800. In the winter of the seventh year the Miao seized the native office of Chixi Nantong. Zhen and Li An advanced on separate routes, killed the rebel leaders including Feitian Hou, took 200 stockades, and restored the native office. He was promoted to vice commissioner-in-chief. The following winter Guangxi Yao raided into Hunan, entering Guiyang Prefecture by night and looting on a large scale. Zhen sent troops in pursuit along several routes, routed them in successive engagements, and killed or captured more than 1,000.
39
成化改元，守備靖州。 都指揮同知莊榮奏貴州黎平諸府密邇湖廣五開諸衛，非大將總領不可，乃復命震兼鎮貴州。 未幾，獲賊首苗蟲蝦。
When the Chenghua reign began he was posted to defend Jingzhou. Vice Commander-in-Chief Zhuang Rong memorialized that Liping and other Guizhou prefectures lay too close to the Wukai guards of Huguang to be left without a senior commander, and Zhen was again ordered to garrison Guizhou as well. Before long he captured the rebel leader Miao Chongxia.
40
荊、襄賊劉千斤、石和尚為亂，震進討。 賊屢敗，乘勝追及於梅溪賊巢。 官軍不利，都指揮以下死者三十八人，有詔切責。 白圭等大軍至，震自南漳進兵合擊，大破之，賊遂平。 論功，進右都督。
When the rebels Liu Qianjin and Shi Heshang rose in Jing and Xiang, Zhen marched against them. The rebels suffered repeated defeats, and pressing his advantage he pursued them to their stronghold at Meixi. The government troops fared badly, and thirty-eight officers of commander rank and below were killed; an edict sharply rebuked him. When Bai Gui's main army arrived, Zhen marched from Nanzhang to join the combined assault, routed the rebels completely, and the uprising was suppressed. For his service he was promoted to right commissioner-in-chief.
41
時武岡、沅靖、銅鼓、五開苗復蜂起，而貴州亦告警。 震言貴州終難遙制，請專鎮湖廣。 許之，乃還兵。 由銅鼓、天柱分四道進，連破賊，直抵清水江。 因苗為導，深入賊境。 兩月間破巢八百，焚廬舍萬三千，斬獲三千三百。 而廣西瑤劫桂陽者，亦擊斬三千八百有奇。 當是時，震威名著西南，苗、僚聞風畏懾，呼為「金牌李」。 七年，與項忠討平流賊李原，招撫流民九十萬人，荊、襄遂定。 語具忠傳。
At that time Miao uprisings erupted again at Wugang, Yuanjing, Tonggu, and Wukai, and alarms were raised in Guizhou as well. Zhen argued that Guizhou could not effectively be commanded from a distance and asked to concentrate his garrison in Huguang alone. The request was granted, and he withdrew his forces. He advanced from Tonggu and Tianzhu in four columns, defeating the rebels in succession and pushing all the way to the Qingshui River. With Miao guides he pushed deep into rebel territory. Within two months he destroyed 800 strongholds, burned 13,000 dwellings, and killed or captured 3,300. He also killed more than 3,800 of the Guangxi Yao who had raided Guiyang. At that time Zhen's fame spread throughout the southwest; Miao and Liao peoples feared him at the mere mention of his name and called him "Gold-Medal Li." In the seventh year he joined Xiang Zhong in suppressing the itinerant rebels led by Li Yuan, resettled 900,000 displaced people, and Jing and Xiang were finally secured. The full account appears in Xiang Zhong's biography.
42
十一年，苗復犯武岡、靖州，湖湘大擾。 震與巡撫劉敷等分五道進，破六百二十余寨，俘斬八千五百余人，獲賊孥萬計。 論功封興寧伯。 時武靖侯趙輔、寧晉伯劉聚皆以功封，論者多訾議之，獨震功最高，人無異言。
In the eleventh year the Miao again attacked Wugang and Jingzhou, throwing Huguang and Hunan into turmoil. Zhen and Grand Coordinator Liu Fu divided their forces into five columns, took more than 620 stockades, killed or captured over 8,500 rebels, and seized bandits' families by the thousands. For his service he was enfeoffed as Marquis of Xingning. At the time Marquis of Wujing Zhao Fu and Earl of Ningjin Liu Ju had also received enfeoffments for their campaigns, which many critics questioned — but Zhen's achievements stood above the rest, and no one disputed his reward.
43
參將吳經者，與震有隙。 弟千戶綬為汪直腹心，經屬綬譖之。 會直方傾項忠，詞連震，遂逮下獄。 奪爵，降左都督，南京閑住。 未幾，直遣校尉緝事，言震陰結守備太監覃包，私通貨賂。 帝怒，遣直赴南京數包等罪，責降包孝陵司香，勒震回京。 直敗，震訴復爵，尋卒。
A deputy general named Wu Jing bore a grudge against Zhen. His younger brother Shou, a company commander, was one of Wang Zhi's inner circle; Wu Jing had Shou denounce Zhen. Wang Zhi was at that time plotting against Xiang Zhong, and Zhen was implicated in the case and thrown into prison. Stripped of his title, he was reduced to left commissioner-in-chief and given idle residence in Nanjing. Before long Wang Zhi sent guards to investigate, reporting that Zhen had secretly colluded with the defense eunuch Tan Bao and exchanged bribes. The emperor was furious. He sent Wang Zhi to Nanjing to enumerate Tan Bao's crimes, demoted Bao to tend incense at the Xiaoling Mausoleum, and ordered Zhen to return to the capital. When Wang Zhi fell from power, Zhen petitioned and regained his title, but died soon after.
44
震在湖湘久，熟知苗情，善用兵。 一時征苗功，方瑛後震為最。 然貪功好進，事交結，竟以是敗。
Zhen had long served in Huguang and Hunan, knew the Miao well, and was a skilled commander. Of all those who campaigned against the Miao in that era, only Fang Ying surpassed Zhen in achievement. Yet he was ambitious for credit and advancement, cultivated political connections, and in the end was ruined by it.
45
王信，字君實，南鄭人。 生半歲，父忠征北戰歿，母嶽氏苦節育之，後俱獲旌。 正統中，信襲寬河衛千戶。
Wang Xin, courtesy name Junshi, was from Nanzheng. When he was six months old his father Zhong was killed on the northern campaign; his mother, Lady Yue, raised him in widowhood and chaste hardship, and both were later honored with imperial commendations. During the Zhengtong reign Xin inherited a company command in Kuanhe Guard.
46
成化初，積功至都指揮僉事，守備荊、襄。 劉千斤反，信以房縣險，進據之。 民兵不滿千人，賊眾四千突至，圍其城。 拒四十余日，選死士，出城五六里舉炮。 賊疑援至，驚走，追敗之。 已，白圭統大軍至，以信為右參將，分道抵後巖山，賊遂滅。 論功，進都指揮同知。 賊黨石龍復陷巫山，信與諸將共平之。 而流民仍嘯荊、襄、南陽間。 信以為憂，言於朝，即命信兼督南陽軍務。 賊首李原等果亂，信復與項忠討平之。 擢署都督僉事，鎮守臨清。
In the early Chenghua reign he rose through merit to assistant commander and was posted to defend Jing and Xiang. When Liu Qianjin rebelled, Xin seized Fang County, whose terrain made it a vital strongpoint. With fewer than 1,000 militiamen, he faced a sudden assault by 4,000 rebels who besieged the city. He held out for more than forty days, then selected elite warriors, sallied five or six li beyond the walls, and fired his cannon. The rebels suspected reinforcements had arrived, broke and fled in panic, and he pursued and routed them. Soon Bai Gui arrived with the main army; Xin was appointed right deputy general, and their columns converged on Houshayan, destroying the rebels. For his service he was promoted to vice commander. The rebel Shi Long seized Wushan again; Xin and the other commanders together recovered it. Yet displaced communities still roved and raided across Jing, Xiang, and Nanyang. Deeply concerned, Xin reported this to the court and was immediately appointed to oversee Nanyang military affairs as well. The rebel leaders Li Yuan and others rose as he had feared; Xin again joined Xiang Zhong in suppressing them. He was promoted to acting assistant commissioner-in-chief and posted to garrison Linqing.
47
十三年以本官佩平蠻將軍印，移鎮湖廣。 永順、保靖二宣慰世相仇殺，信諭以禍福，兵即解。 靖州及武岡蠻久不戢，守臣議剿之。 信親詣，犒以牛酒，責其無狀，眾稽顙服罪。
In the thirteenth year he retained his existing rank while receiving the seal of General Who Pacifies the Man and was transferred to garrison Huguang. The Yongshun and Baojing pacification commissioners had feuded for generations; Xin lectured them on the consequences of their conflict, and their armies stood down at once. The tribal peoples of Jingzhou and Wugang had long been unruly, and local officials debated a punitive campaign. Xin went in person, regaled them with feasts of oxen and wine, reproached their misconduct, and the tribes kowtowed in submission.
48
十七年疏言：「湖廣諸蠻雖腹心蠹，實無能為。 久不靖者，由我將士利其竊發以邀功也。 選精銳，慎堤防，其患自息。 荊、襄流逋，本避徭役，濫誅恐傷天和。 南畝之氓鹹無蓄積。 收獲未竟，餱糧已空； 機杼方停，布縷何在。 乞選公正仁惠守令，加意撫綏。 濫授冗員，無慮千百，無一矢勞，冒崇階之賞，乞察勘削奪。」 部指揮劉斌、張全智勇，力薦於朝。 且云：「英雄之士，處心剛正，安肯俯首求媚。 若不加意延訪，則誌士沈淪，朝廷安得而用之。」
In the seventeenth year he memorialized: "The tribal peoples of Huguang are a chronic internal affliction, but in truth they can accomplish little on their own. The reason unrest persists is that our officers and soldiers profit whenever outbreaks occur and use them to claim merit. If we select elite troops and maintain our defenses carefully, the trouble will subside on its own. The displaced fugitives of Jing and Xiang fled chiefly to escape corvée labor; indiscriminate killings would threaten the moral order. The peasants in the fields have nothing set aside in store. Before the harvest is even finished, their grain for travel is gone; The loom has only just fallen silent — where is there cloth to be had? I ask that upright and benevolent local officials be selected and given special charge to pacify and care for the people. Hundreds upon hundreds of superfluous appointments have been handed out — men who have never seen battle yet claim rewards of the highest rank. I ask that these be investigated and revoked. Battalion commanders Liu Bin and Zhang Quan, men of courage and wisdom, strongly endorsed his recommendations at court. They added: "Heroic men of upright character would never stoop to flattery. If the court does not actively seek them out, worthy men will languish in obscurity — and how will the throne ever find servants to employ?"
49
二十一年，巡撫馬馴等言，副總兵周賢、參將彭倫官皆都督僉事，而信反止署職，宜量進一秩以重其權。 兵部言信無軍功。 帝特擢為都督同知。 頃之，改總督漕運。 帥府舊有湖，擅為利，信開以泊漕艘。 勢要壅水，一裁以法，漕務修舉。 明年卒。
In the twenty-first year Grand Coordinator Ma Xun and others noted that Deputy Commander-in-Chief Zhou Xian and Deputy General Peng Lun held the rank of assistant commissioner-in-chief, while Xin remained only in acting appointment — they argued his rank should be raised one step to strengthen his authority. The Ministry of War objected that Xin had no recent military achievements. The emperor overruled them and promoted him to vice commissioner-in-chief. Before long he was transferred to oversee the grain transport system. The regional command had kept an old lake closed for private profit; Xin opened it for grain-transport vessels to moor. Powerful interests had obstructed the waterways; he enforced the law without favor, and the transport service was restored to good order. The following year he died.
50
信沈毅簡重，好觀書，被服儒雅。 歷大鎮，不營私產。 嘗曰：「儉足以久，死後不累子孫，所遺多矣。」 故人婚喪，傾資助之。 子繼善、從善皆舉進士。
Xin was grave, steadfast, and dignified; he loved books and dressed with the bearing of a scholar. Though he commanded major garrisons, he never built up private wealth. He once said: "Frugality is enough to last a lifetime; if I do not burden my descendants after death, that alone is a rich legacy. When old friends faced weddings or funerals, he gave freely of whatever he had. His sons Jishan and Congshan both earned their jinshi degrees.
51
繼信總漕運者，寧津都勝、合肥郭鋐。 勝襲職南京羽林左衛指揮僉事，鋐襲彭城衛指揮使。 成化初，勝擢署都指揮僉事，而鋐亦以從征荔浦功，進都指揮僉事，中武舉，遷同知。 勝備倭揚州，擊敗鹽徒為亂者。 尹旻等舉勝將才，鋐亦為張懋所舉。 乃命勝充參將，協同漕運，而鋐代之備倭。 陜西大饑，勝奉詔輸米百萬石往振。 信卒，遂遷署都指揮使，充總兵官代之，鋐代勝為參將。 弘治中，勝以都督僉事帶俸南京前府。 時鋐已鎮守廣西副總兵，破府江僮賊，遂以時望擢總漕運。
Those who succeeded Xin as grand coordinators of grain transport were Du Sheng of Ningjin and Guo Tong of Hefei. Sheng inherited a post as assistant commander in the Left Yulin Guard at Nanjing; Tong inherited command of Pengcheng Guard. In the early Chenghua reign Sheng rose to acting assistant commander; Tong earned the same rank for service in the Lipu campaign, passed the military examinations, and was promoted to vice commander. Sheng defended Yangzhou against piracy and defeated the salt smugglers who had risen in rebellion. Yin Min and others recommended Sheng as a general of talent; Tong was likewise recommended by Zhang Mao. Sheng was appointed deputy general to assist with grain transport, while Tong took his place defending against piracy. When Shaanxi suffered a severe famine, Sheng was ordered to transport one million shi of rice for relief. When Xin died, Sheng was promoted to acting commander and appointed commander-in-chief in his place; Tong succeeded Sheng as deputy general. During the Hongzhi reign Sheng held the rank of assistant commissioner-in-chief with pay at the Nanjing Front Military Commission. By then Tong was deputy commander-in-chief in Guangxi; after defeating the Zhuang rebels of Fujiang, he was promoted on the strength of his reputation to oversee grain transport.
52
鋐沈毅有將略。 而勝無汗馬勛，徒以居官廉靜，故頻有任使。 歷任五十七年，所處皆膏腴地，而自奉簡淡，日食止豆腐，時因以為號。 鋐累進都督同知，凡軍民利病多陳於朝。 嘗浚通州河二十里，置壩，令淺船搬運，歲省白金數萬。 當孝宗時，朝政整肅，文武大臣率得人，鋐筦漕十三年不易。 正德初，始召佐後府，尋卒。
Tong was resolute and possessed genuine strategic talent. Sheng, by contrast, had no battlefield achievements to his credit; he was repeatedly appointed solely because of his integrity and unassuming conduct in office. Over fifty-seven years of service he held posts in some of the empire's richest regions, yet lived modestly on little more than tofu each day — a habit for which people nicknamed him accordingly. Tong rose through repeated promotions to vice commissioner-in-chief, and frequently memorialized the throne on matters affecting soldiers and civilians alike. He once dredged twenty li of the Tongzhou canal, built locks, and arranged for shallow-draft boats to transfer cargo — saving tens of thousands of taels of silver annually. Under Emperor Xiaozong the court was well ordered and its ministers capable; Tong managed the transport service for thirteen years without interruption. At the beginning of the Zhengde reign he was recalled to assist the Rear Military Commission, but died soon after.
53
彭倫，初職為湖廣永定衛指揮使，累功至都指揮同知。
Peng Lun began as commander of Yongding Guard in Huguang and rose through repeated campaigns to vice commander.
54
成化初，從趙輔平大藤峽賊。 進都指揮使，守備貴州清浪諸處，討破茅坪、銅鼓叛苗。 賊掠乾溪，倫討之。 賊還所掠，與盟而退。 倫以賊入時，道邛水諸寨，不即邀遏，乃下令，賊入境能生致者予重賞，縱者置諸法。 由是諸司各約所屬，凡生苗軼入，即擒之，送帳下者累累。 倫大會所部目、把縛俘囚，置高竿，集健卒亂射殺之，復割裂肢體，烹啖諸壯士。 罪輕者截耳鼻使去，曰：「以此識，再犯不赦矣。」 因令諸寨樹牌為界，群苗股栗不敢犯。
In the early Chenghua reign he joined Zhao Fu in suppressing the rebels of the Great Rattan Gorge. Promoted to commander, he defended Qinglang and other posts in Guizhou and defeated the rebel Miao of Maoping and Tonggu. When rebels raided Qianxi, Lun marched against them. The rebels returned their plunder, made peace, and withdrew. Lun noted that the rebels had passed through the Qiongshui stockades without being stopped. He issued an order: anyone who captured invaders alive would receive a heavy reward; anyone who let them pass would face the full penalty of the law. Thereafter every office bound its subordinates to the order: whenever unregistered Miao crossed the border they were seized at once, and captives delivered to Lun's camp came in droves. Lun summoned his officers, bound the prisoners to tall stakes, and had his soldiers shoot them to death. He then dismembered the bodies and had his troops boil and eat the flesh. Lesser offenders had their ears and noses cut off and were sent away with the warning: "Remember this mark — repeat offenders will not be spared. He then ordered boundary markers erected at every stockade, and the Miao tribes trembled with fear and dared not cross.
55
明年充右參將，仍鎮清浪。 益盡心邊計，戎事畢舉。 妖賊石全州潛入絞洞，煽動古州苗，洪江、甘篆諸苗鹹應之。 倫遣兵截擒，並搜獲其妻子。 諸苗將攻鎮遠，倫大敗之，斬首及墮崖死者無算。 無何，邛水十四寨苗糾洪江生苗為逆。 倫分五哨往，甫行，雨如註，倫曰：「賊不虞我，急趨之，可得誌也。」 競進夾攻，縶其魁，俘斬余黨。 賊盡平。
The following year he was appointed right deputy general and continued to garrison Qinglang. He devoted himself ever more wholeheartedly to frontier affairs, and military responsibilities were fully discharged. The sorcerer-rebel Shi Quanzhou slipped into Jiaodong and stirred up the Guzhou Miao; the tribes of Hongjiang, Ganzhuan, and elsewhere rose in response. Lun sent troops to intercept and capture him, along with his wife and children. When the Miao tribes were poised to attack Zhenyuan, Lun routed them utterly. The dead—beheaded or hurled from the cliffs—were beyond count. Before long the Miao of Qiongshui's fourteen stockades stirred up the raw Miao of Hongjiang to revolt. Lun divided his force into five columns and set out. Hardly had they marched when rain fell in torrents. Lun said: "The enemy won't expect us in this weather — press on quickly and we can bring them to book." They pressed forward at once, attacked from both flanks, seized the rebel chief, and captured or executed the rest. The rebels were completely suppressed.
56
靖州苗亂，湖廣總兵官李震檄倫會討。 軍至邛水江，諸熟苗驚，欲竄。 倫與僉事李晃計曰「苗竄必助賊」，乃急撫定之。 又緣道降天堂、小坪諸苗。 既抵靖州，倫將右哨，出賊背布營。 賊走據高山，倫軍仰攻之，賊敗走。 遂渡江，搗其巢，大獲。 乘勝攻白崖塘。 崖高萬仞，下臨深淵，稱絕險。 倫會左哨同進，得徑路。 夜登，賊倉皇潰。 追斬二千余級，俘獲如之，盡夷其寨。
When the Jingzhou Miao rose in revolt, Li Zhen, commander-in-chief of Huguang, summoned Lun to join the campaign. When the army reached the Qiongshui River, the settled Miao tribes were terrified and about to scatter. Lun consulted with Assistant Commissioner Li Huang, saying, "If the Miao flee they will only join the rebels." He moved quickly to reassure and settle them. Along the route he also accepted the submission of the Tiantang and Xiaoping Miao and others. On reaching Jingzhou, Lun took the right column, swung behind the rebels, and encamped. The rebels retreated to the high peaks. Lun's troops attacked uphill and drove them from the heights in defeat. He crossed the river, raided their strongholds, and took a great haul of booty and prisoners. Pressing his advantage, he attacked Baiyatang. The cliff rose thousands of feet sheer, overhanging a deep chasm — a place of legendary impregnability. Lun rendezvoused with the left column and together they found a path to the top. They scaled the heights by night and the rebels broke and fled in panic. The pursuit yielded more than two thousand heads; captives and spoils were equally abundant, and every stockade was razed to the ground.
57
初，臻剖、六洞苗侵熟苗田，不輸賦，又不供驛馬，有司莫敢問。 倫遣人諭之，頓首請如制。 錄功，進都督僉事。 久之，御史鄧庠、員外郎費瑄勘事貴州，總兵官吳經等皆被劾，獨薦倫智謀老成。 弘治初，經論罷，即以倫代。
Earlier the Miao of Zhenpou and the Six Caves had been seizing fields from settled tribes, paying no taxes and refusing to supply relay horses — and no local official dared confront them. Lun sent envoys to summon them to account; they kowtowed and promised to obey the law. His achievements were recorded and he was promoted to assistant commissioner-in-chief. Some time later, when Censor Deng Ku and Department Director Fei Xuan investigated affairs in Guizhou, they impeached Regional Commander Wu Jing and others — but singled out Lun for commendation as shrewd and seasoned. Early in the Hongzhi reign Wu Jing was removed from office, and Lun was appointed in his stead.
58
倫用師，先計後戰，故多功。 四年以老致仕。 卒，予恤如制。
Lun always planned before he fought, and this is why he won so often. In the fourth year he retired on grounds of age. He died, and the usual posthumous honors were bestowed.
59
歐磐，滁人。 襲世職指揮使。 成化中，擢廣東都指揮僉事。 屢剿蠻寇有功。 用總督朱英薦，充廣西右參將，分守柳州、慶遠。 與左參將馬義討融縣八寨瑤，克之。 師旋。 余賊復出掠，被劾。 帝絀磐等功，但恤死事家。 瑤賊方公強亂，兵部劾總鎮中官顧恒，並及磐，當謫戍。 督撫奏：「磐所守乃瑤、僮出沒地。 磐募死士，夜入賊巢，斬其渠胡公返，威震群蠻。 論功，可贖罪。」 帝乃宥之，還故任。 二十三年，郁林陸川賊黃公定、胡公明等亂。 磐偕按察使陶魯等分五道攻破之。 進都指揮同知。
Ou Pan was a native of Chuzhou. He inherited a hereditary post as garrison commander. During the Chenghua reign he was promoted to assistant commander of Guangdong. He earned repeated distinctions suppressing tribal raiders. On the recommendation of Governor-General Zhu Ying, he was appointed right deputy general of Guangxi with responsibility for Liuzhou and Qingyuan. Together with Left Deputy General Ma Yi he subdued the Yao of Rong County's Eight Stockades. The army withdrew. Remaining rebels resumed raiding, and he was impeached. The emperor stripped Pan and his colleagues of credit for the campaign but granted relief to the families of the dead. When the Yao rebel Fang Gongqiang rose in revolt, the Ministry of War impeached the supervising eunuch Gu Heng and implicated Pan as well; both faced banishment to frontier service. The governor and grand coordinator reported: "Pan's post lies in territory where Yao and Zhuang raiders come and go. Pan recruited daredevils, raided the rebel camp by night, beheaded the ringleader Hu Gong, and returned — his reputation awed every tribe in the region. Given his service, his penalty could be commuted." The emperor pardoned him and restored him to his former command. In the twenty-third year, Huang Gongding, Hu Gongming, and other rebels in Yulin and Luchuan rose in revolt. Pan joined Regional Inspector Tao Lu and others in a five-column assault that broke the rebellion. He was promoted to vice commander.
60
弘治初，謝病解職。 總督秦纮言磐多歷戰陣，有才有守，乞起用。 詔還任。 八年，府江永安諸僮亂。 總督閔珪調兵六萬，分四哨往討。 磐自象州、修仁直搗陸峒，所向摧破。 已，偕諸軍連破山寨百八十，斬首六千有奇。 進都指揮使，遷廣西副總兵。 思恩土官岑浚築石城於丹良莊，截江括商利。 帥府令毀之，不聽。 磐自田州還，督兵將毀城。 浚率眾拒，擊敗之，卒夷其城。 都御史鄧廷瓚等以磐功多，言於朝，進都督僉事。 十五年命佩平蠻將軍印，鎮守湖廣。
Early in the Hongzhi reign he resigned on grounds of ill health. Governor-General Qin Hong reported that Pan was battle-tested, capable, and conscientious, and asked that he be recalled to service. An imperial edict recalled him to his post. In the eighth year the Zhuang of Fujiang, Yong'an, and the surrounding districts rose in revolt. Governor-General Min Gui mobilized sixty thousand troops and sent four columns against them. Pan marched from Xiangzhou and Xiuren straight into Ludong, crushing every resistance in his path. Working with the other columns, he went on to capture more than 180 mountain strongholds and take over six thousand heads. He was promoted to regional commander and appointed deputy regional commander of Guangxi. Cen Jun, the native ruler of Si'en, built a stone fort at Danliangzhuang, blockaded the river, and extorted tolls from merchants. The regional headquarters ordered the fort dismantled, but Cen Jun refused. Pan, returning from Tianzhou, gathered troops to tear down the fort. Cen Jun mustered his men to resist, but Pan defeated him and razed the fort to the ground. Censor-in-Chief Deng Tingzan and others, citing Pan's many achievements, memorialized the court, and he was promoted to assistant commissioner-in-chief. In the fifteenth year he was granted the seal of General Who Pacifies the Barbarians and assigned to garrison Huguang.
61
磐為將廉，能得士。 久鎮南邦，蠻人畏服。 十八年請老，又二年卒。 祭葬如制。
As a commander Pan was upright and won the loyalty of his men. After years on the southern frontier, the tribal peoples feared and respected him. In the eighteenth year he requested retirement; two years later he died. Sacrificial and burial honors were granted according to regulation.
62
張祐，字天祐，廣州人。 幼好學能文。 弘治中襲世職為廣州右衛指揮使。 年十九，從總督潘蕃征南海寇禢元祖，先登有功。
Zhang You, courtesy name Tianyou, was a native of Guangzhou. From boyhood he loved learning and had a gift for letters. During the Hongzhi reign he inherited his family's post as commander of Guangzhou Right Guard. At nineteen he joined Governor-General Pan Fan's campaign against the South Sea pirate Ta Yuanzu, scaling the walls first and distinguishing himself.
63
正德二年擢署都指揮僉事，守備德慶、瀧水。 瑤、僮負險者聞其威信，稍稍遁去。 總督林廷選引為中軍，事無大小咨焉。 守備惠、潮，搗盜魁劉文安、李通寶穴，平之。 遷廣西右參將，分守柳、慶。 總督陳金討府江賊，命祐進沈沙口，大破之。 增俸一等，擢副總兵，鎮守廣西。 尋進署都督僉事。
In the second year of the Zhengde reign he was appointed acting assistant commander with charge of Deqing and Longshui. Yao and Zhuang bandits in the hill country, hearing of his reputation, gradually melted away. Governor-General Lin Tingxuan made him his chief-of-staff and consulted him on every decision, great or small. While defending Huizhou and Chaozhou, he raided the lairs of the bandit chiefs Liu Wen'an and Li Tongbao and suppressed them. He was transferred to right deputy general of Guangxi with responsibility for Liuzhou and Qingyuan. When Governor-General Chen Jin marched against the Fujiang rebels, he ordered You to advance on Shenshakou and won a decisive victory. His salary was raised one grade, he was promoted to deputy regional commander, and assigned to garrison Guangxi. He was soon appointed acting assistant commissioner-in-chief.
64
古田諸瑤、僮亂。 祐言：「先年征討，率倚兩江土兵，賞不酬勞。 今調多失期，乞定議優賚。」 從之。 督都指揮沈希儀等討臨桂、灌陽諸瑤，斬首五百余級，璽書獎勞。 又連破古田賊，俘斬四千七百，進署都督同知。 已，復討平洛容、肇慶、平樂諸蠻。 增俸一等，蔭子，世百戶。
The Yao and Zhuang of Gutian and the surrounding districts rose in revolt. You reported: "In past campaigns we relied on native levies from the two river regions, yet their rewards never matched their hardship. Now they often fail to muster on time. I ask that the court set a policy of generous compensation." His request was granted. He directed Regional Commander Shen Xiyi and others against the Yao of Lingui and Guanyang, taking more than five hundred heads; the emperor sent a sealed letter of commendation. He went on to crush the Gutian rebels, capturing or killing 4,700, and was promoted to acting vice commissioner-in-chief. He then pacified the tribes of Luorong, Zhaoqing, Pingle, and elsewhere. His salary was raised one grade, and his son received a hereditary hundred-household enfeoffment.
65
嘉靖改元，母喪，哀毀骨立。 尋以疾乞休，還衛。
At the beginning of the Jiajing reign his mother died, and his grief left him emaciated as a skeleton. He soon requested retirement on grounds of illness and returned to his home garrison.
66
初，上思州土目黃镠作亂，祐購其黨黃廷寶縛獻之。 總督張嵿惡祐不白己，至劾祐懷奸避難，逮系德慶獄。 數上書訟冤，釋令閑住。 盧蘇、王受亂田州。 總督姚鏌召至軍中，待以賓禮，多所裨贊。 後王守仁代鏌，詢撫剿之宜，祐曰：「以夷治夷，可不煩兵而下。」 守仁納之，蘇、受果效順。 因命祐部分其眾。 事寧，守仁言：「思、田初定，宜設一副總兵鎮之，請即以命祐。」 報可。 破封川賊盤古子，又剿廣東會寧劇賊丘區長等，斬首一千二百，勒銘大隆山。
Earlier, when Huang Liao, a native subordinate of Shangsi Prefecture, rebelled, You put a price on his head and Huang Tingbao, one of his own followers, bound him and delivered him up. Governor-General Zhang Jun resented that You had acted without consulting him and impeached him for duplicity and cowardice, having him thrown into prison at Deqing. After repeated petitions proclaiming his innocence, he was released and placed on inactive status. Lu Su and Wang Shou raised rebellion in Tianzhou. Governor-General Yao Mo summoned him to headquarters, received him as an honored guest, and drew heavily on his counsel. When Wang Yangming succeeded Yao Mo, he asked You's advice on pacification and suppression. You said: "Let the tribes handle the tribes — you can bring them to heel without exhausting your army." Yangming took his advice, and Lu Su and Wang Shou duly submitted. He then put You in charge of reorganizing their followers. When the rebellion was settled, Yangming reported: "Si'en and Tianzhou are only newly pacified — they need a deputy regional commander to hold them. I recommend appointing You." The court approved. He defeated the Fengchuan rebel Panguzi, then suppressed the notorious Guangdong brigand Qiu Quchang and his gang at Huining, taking twelve hundred heads and carving an inscription on Mount Dalong.
67
十一年，楊春賊趙林花陷高州，總督陶諧檄祐討。 深入，多所斬獲。 忽中危疾卒，軍中為哀慟。
In the eleventh year the Yangchun rebel Zhao Linhua seized Gaozhou, and Governor-General Tao Xie ordered You to march against him. He pushed deep into enemy country and took many heads and prisoners. Suddenly he was stricken with a fatal illness and died; the whole army mourned him bitterly.
68
祐身長八尺，智識絕人。 馭軍有節制，與下同甘苦，不營私產。 性好書，每載以自隨，軍暇即延儒生講論。 嘗過烏蠻灘，謁馬伏波祠，太息曰：「歿不俎豆其間，非夫也。」 題詩而去。 後田州人立祠橫山祀之。
You stood eight feet tall, with intelligence far beyond the ordinary. He commanded with discipline, shared hardship with his men, and never pursued private gain. He loved books and always traveled with them; whenever military duty slackened he invited scholars to lecture and debate. Passing Wuman Rapids one day, he visited the shrine of General Ma Yuan and sighed deeply: "To die without receiving sacrifice in a shrine like this — what kind of man would that be?" He left a poem inscribed on the shrine and went his way. Later the people of Tianzhou erected a shrine on Hengshan to offer him sacrifice.
69
贊曰：苗蠻阻險自固，易動難服，自其性然。 而草禽狝，濫殺邀功，貪貨賄，興事端，控馭乖方，綏懷無策，則鎮將之過也。 韓觀諸人，雖功最焯著，而皆以威信震懾蠻荒。 若山雲、王信、張祐之廉儉有守，士君子何以過？ 故尤足尚雲。
The historians comment: The Miao and other tribal peoples cling to rugged terrain and fortify themselves; they rebel easily and submit with difficulty — such is their nature. But when frontier commanders treat them like game to be hunted down, slaughter indiscriminately to claim merit, crave bribes, stir up trouble, govern by the wrong methods, and have no policy of reassurance and inclusion — then the fault is the generals' own. Han Guan and men of his stamp, for all that their achievements shone brightest, ruled the tribal frontiers through sheer prestige and terror. Men such as Shan Yun, Wang Xin, and Zhang You, who were frugal and principled in office — what gentleman could hope to surpass them? For this reason Shan Yun is especially worthy of admiration.