1
鄭嶽劉玉 〈（子愨）〉 汪元錫 〈（邢寰）〉 寇天敘唐胄潘珍 〈（族子旦余光）〉 李中 〈（李楷）〉 歐陽鐸陶諧 〈（孫大順大臨）〉 潘塤 〈（呂經）〉 歐陽重朱裳陳察孫懋王儀 〈（子緘王學夔）〉 曾鈞
Zheng Yue and Liu Yu (Zi Que)〉 Wang Yuanxi (Xing Huan)〉 Kou Tianxu, Tang Zhou, and Pan Zhen (clansmen Dan and Yu Guang)〉 Li Zhong (Li Kai)〉 Ouyang Duo and Tao Xie (Sun Dashun and Dalin)〉 Pan Xun (Lu Jing)〉 Ouyang Chong, Zhu Shang, Chen Cha, Sun Mao, and Wang Yi (Zi Jian and Wang Xuekui)〉 Ceng Jun
2
鄭嶽，字汝華，莆田人。 弘治六年進士。 授戶部主事，改刑部主事。 董天錫偕錦衣千戶張福決囚，福坐天錫上，嶽言其非體。 且言：「糾劾非鎮監職，而董讓行之。 太常本禮部屬，而崔誌端專之。 內外效尤，益無忌憚」。 忤旨，系獄。 尚書周經、侍郎許進等救，不聽。 贖杖還職。 尋進員外郎。 許進督師大同，貴近惡其剛方，議代之。 罷職總兵官趙袴謀起用，京軍屢出無功。 嶽言進不可代，袴不可用，京軍不可出。 朝論韙之。
Zheng Yue, whose style was Ruhua, came from Putian. He received his jinshi degree in the sixth year of the Hongzhi reign. He was made a secretary in the Ministry of Revenue, then transferred to the Ministry of Justice. When Dong Tianxi and the brocade-clad guard commander Zhang Fu jointly tried prisoners, Fu was placed above Tianxi; Yue protested that this violated proper order. He also wrote: "Impeachment is not within a frontier commissioner's remit, yet Dong had them do it anyway. The Court of Imperial Sacrifices properly falls under the Ministry of Rites, yet Cui Zhiduan kept it under his own control. Officials within and beyond the capital followed suit, and grew ever more reckless." His words angered the throne and he was thrown into prison. Minister Zhou Jing, Vice Minister Xu Jin, and others pleaded for him, but the emperor refused to relent. He paid a fine to commute the rod punishment and resumed his post. Before long he was promoted to vice director. While Xu Jin directed operations at Datong, court favorites resented his upright rigor and schemed to remove him. The disgraced regional commander Zhao Kua maneuvered for a comeback, while repeated sorties by the capital army had achieved nothing. Yue argued that Jin should not be replaced, Kua should not be reappointed, and the capital army should not be deployed again. The court endorsed his position.
3
遷湖廣僉事，歸宗藩侵地於民。 施州夷民相仇殺者，有司以叛告。 嶽擒治其魁，余悉縱遣。 荊、嶽饑，勸富民出粟，馳河泊禁。 屬縣輸糧遠衛，率二石致一石。 嶽以其直給衛，而留粟備振，民乃獲濟。
Promoted to vice commissioner in Huguang, he returned to commoners lands that princely estates had seized. In Shizhou, tribal people who had killed one another in blood feuds were reported by local officials as rebels. Yue arrested and punished the leaders and set the rest free. During famine in the Jing and Yue regions, he urged the wealthy to sell grain and quickly eased the ban on river transport. When subordinate counties shipped grain to distant guards, they often delivered only one shi for every two dispatched. Yue paid the guards in cash and retained the grain for relief stores, so the people were finally able to survive.
4
正德初，擢廣西副使。 土官岑猛當徙福建，據田州不肯徙。 嶽許為奏改近地，猛乃請自效。 尋改廣東。 遷江西按察使，就遷左布政使。 宸濠奪民田億萬計，民立砦自保。 宸濠欲兵之，嶽持不可。 會提學副使李夢陽與巡按御史江萬實相訐，嶽承檄按之。 夢陽執嶽親信吏，言嶽子澐受賕，欲因以脅嶽。 宸濠因助夢陽奏其事，囚掠澐。 巡撫任漢顧慮不能決，帝遣大理卿燕忠會給事中黎奭按問。 忠等奏勘嶽子私有跡，而夢陽挾制撫、按，俱宜斥。 嶽遂奪官為民。 宸濠敗，中外交薦，起四川布政使。 以憂不赴。
Early in the Zhengde reign he was raised to vice commissioner in Guangxi. The native official Cen Meng was ordered to Fujian but occupied Tianzhou and would not relocate. Yue promised to seek a nearer posting for him in memorial, whereupon Meng volunteered his service. He was soon transferred to Guangdong. He became surveillance commissioner in Jiangxi and was soon promoted to left administration commissioner. Prince Ning had seized untold tracts of commoners' land, and the people fortified stockades in self-defense. When Prince Ning wanted to attack them by force, Yue insisted that he must not. When education intendant Li Mengyang and touring censor Jiang Wanshi traded accusations, Yue was ordered to conduct an inquiry. Mengyang arrested Yue's trusted clerk and claimed Yue's son Yun had accepted bribes, hoping to intimidate Yue. Prince Ning backed Mengyang's memorial and had Yun seized and tortured. Grand coordinator Ren Han wavered; the emperor dispatched Court of Judicial Review director Yan Zhong and supervising secretary Li Yi to conduct a joint inquiry. They found that Yue's son had indeed profited privately, while Mengyang had bullied the grand coordinator and censor; both parties, they ruled, should be removed. Yue was stripped of office and made a commoner. After Prince Ning's rebellion collapsed, officials at court and on the frontier recommended him, and he was appointed administration commissioner in Sichuan. He did not take up the appointment owing to bereavement.
5
劉玉，字鹹栗，萬安人。 祖廣衡，永樂末進士。 正統間，以刑部郎中出修浙江荒政，積粟數百萬，督治陂塘為旱澇備。 景泰初，歷左副都御史，鎮守陜西。 請遇災傷，毋俟勘報，即除其賦，庶有司不得借覆核陰行科率，從之。 還治院事。 福建、浙江盜起，命往督兵捕。 議創壽寧縣於官臺山，以清盜窟。 討平處州賊。 已，復巡撫遼東。 居官以廉節稱。 終刑部尚書。 父喬，成化初進士。 累官湖廣左布政使。 玉登弘治九年進士，授輝縣知縣。 發粟振饑，奏蠲虛稅，復業者千家。 擢御史。 初，孫伯堅、金琦、王寧皆以傳奉得官，已，又以指揮胡震為都指揮，分守通州。 玉抗疏言：「傳奉不已，繼之內批，累聖德，乞皆罷之。」 不納。
Liu Yu, whose style was Xianli, came from Wan'an. His grandfather Guangheng took the jinshi in the closing years of Yongle. During Zhengtong, as a director in the Ministry of Justice he went to Zhejiang to manage famine relief, stockpiled millions of piculs of grain, and oversaw dikes and ponds against drought and flood. At the start of Jingtai he rose to left vice censor-in-chief and defended Shaanxi. He asked that when disaster struck, levies be remitted without waiting for investigation, lest officials use re-verification as cover for hidden exactions; the throne agreed. He returned to direct affairs at the censorate. When banditry broke out in Fujian and Zhejiang, he was sent to command pursuit operations. He proposed establishing Shouning County on Guantai Mountain to eliminate the bandits' refuge. He suppressed and pacified the bandits of Chuzhou. He later served again as grand coordinator of Liaodong. Throughout his career he was famed for integrity and restraint. He died in office as minister of justice. His father Qiao received the jinshi early in the Chenghua reign. He rose to left administration commissioner in Huguang. Yu took the jinshi in the ninth year of Hongzhi and was appointed magistrate of Huixian. He opened granaries in famine, secured remission of hollow levies, and a thousand households returned to their trades. He was raised to censor. Earlier Sun Bojian, Jin Qi, and Wang Ning had all gained posts through direct imperial favor; later the commandant Hu Zhen was likewise made regional commander at Tongzhou. In a bold memorial he wrote: "Favored appointments never cease, and inner rescripts follow; this steadily wears away the emperor's virtue—I beg that all of it be stopped. The emperor did not heed him.
6
世宗即位，召為左僉都御史。 論遏亂功，進右副都御史。 嘉靖元年改左。 歷刑部左、右侍郎。 初，偕九卿爭興獻帝不宜稱皇，及帝欲考獻帝，又偕廷臣伏闕哭爭。 六年秋坐李福達獄削籍，卒於家。
When the Jiajing Emperor ascended the throne, Yu was summoned as left vice censor-in-chief. For service in quelling disorder he was promoted to right vice censor-in-chief. In the first year of Jiajing he was moved to the left post. He served in turn as left and right vice minister of justice. Earlier he had joined the nine ministers in denying the Prince of Xing the title of emperor; when the emperor sought to honor his birth father, Yu again joined court officials weeping and protesting at the palace gate. In the autumn of the sixth year he was removed from the register in the Li Fuda affair and died at home.
7
玉所居僅庇風雨。 天文、地理、兵制、刑律皆有論著。 隆慶初，贈刑部尚書，謚端毅。 子愨，南京工部右侍郎。 歷官亦有聲。
His dwelling scarcely kept out wind and rain. He left writings on astronomy, geography, military institutions, and penal law. Early in Longqing he was posthumously made minister of justice with the posthumous title Duanyi. His son Zi Que served as right vice minister of works at Nanjing. He too won repute in office.
8
汪元錫，字天啟，婺源人。 正德六年進士。 授兵科給事中。 三遷都給事中。 陜西鎮守中官廖鸞族子鎧，冒功為錦衣千戶，隨鸞於陜。 元錫爭之，言鎧父鵬已亂中州，勿使鎧復亂陜右。 乞征還鸞，置鎧父子於理。 偏頭關之捷，錄功太濫，偕同官言太監張忠、總兵官劉暉等不宜賞。 湖廣鎮守太監杜甫請巡歷所部，帝許之，元錫等據祖制力爭。 帝幸昌平、宣府、大同，元錫偕同官邢寰累疏諫； 復言宣府守將朱振等皆扈從西巡，寇乘虛入塞，何以禦之？ 已，聞帝將選禁軍親征四海治部寇，復極陳不可。 安遠侯柳文鎮湖廣，奏攜參隨七十余人，元錫乞寢所奏。 車駕還京，以應州之捷大賚文武群臣。 元錫等言：「是役殺邊民無算，六軍多傷。 今君臣欣喜交賀，而軍民系賊庭，南向號哭，臣等何忍受賜？」 中旨以納粟都指揮馬昊守備儀真，復遣內官分守潼關、山海關，駕又幸大喜峰口，欲招三衛花當、把兒孫，元錫等皆抗章諫。
Wang Yuanxi, whose style was Tianqi, came from Wuyuan. He received the jinshi in the sixth year of Zhengde. He was appointed a supervising secretary in the Bureau of War. He was promoted three times to chief supervising secretary. In Shaanxi, Kai—a kinsman of frontier eunuch Liao Luan—had falsely claimed merit and been made a commander in the brocade-clad guard, accompanying Luan in the province. Yuanxi objected, saying Kai's father Peng had already ravaged the central provinces and Kai must not be allowed to do the same in Shaanxi. He asked that Luan be recalled and father and son punished according to law. After the victory at Piantou Pass, merit was recorded too generously; with fellow officials he argued that eunuch Zhang Zhong and regional commander Liu Hui should not receive rewards. When the Huguang frontier eunuch Du Fu asked to tour his command, the emperor agreed; Yuanxi and others cited ancestral precedent and protested forcefully. When the emperor toured Changping, Xuanfu, and Datong, Yuanxi and his colleague Xing Huan sent repeated remonstrances; he also warned that garrison commanders such as Zhu Zhen of Xuanfu were all away on the western tour—if raiders entered the passes, who would hold them? When he learned the emperor meant to lead the palace guard personally against the Sihai Zhibu rebels, he again protested in the strongest terms. When Marquis of Anyuan Liu Wen, stationed in Huguang, asked to bring over seventy retainers, Yuanxi urged that the request be denied. On the emperor's return to Beijing, the Yingzhou victory was celebrated with lavish gifts to the entire court. Yuanxi and others wrote: "That campaign killed untold numbers on the frontier and left the six armies badly mauled. Yet court and throne now exchange congratulations while troops and people languish in enemy hands, wailing toward the south—how can we accept reward? A secret edict made grain-purchased commander Ma Hao garrison Yizhen; eunuchs were again posted to Tong and Shanhai passes; the emperor again visited Daxingfeng Pass to summon Huadang and Ba'ersun of the Three Guards—and Yuanxi and others remonstrated on every count.
9
帝欲南幸，舒芬、黃鞏切諫得罪，給事御史遂不敢爭。 及帝將親征宸濠，元錫復諫沮。 宸濠就執，元錫、寰偕六科馳疏請回鑾。 十五年，帝在南京，元錫等復屢申前請，且言：「供億繁費，使牒旁午。 奸宄冒官校，少女充離宮。 陛下不以宗社為重，專事逸遊，豈能長保天下。」 語甚危切。
When the emperor planned a southern tour, Shu Fen and Huang Gong protested bluntly and were punished, after which the supervising secretaries and censors fell silent. As the emperor prepared to lead the campaign against Prince Ning in person, Yuanxi again tried to dissuade him. Once Prince Ning was taken, Yuanxi and Huan with the six bureaus rushed memorials begging the emperor to turn homeward. In the fifteenth year, with the emperor still at Nanjing, Yuanxi and others renewed their pleas, warning that costs were ruinous and orders unending. Ruffians masquerade as imperial agents, and young women stock the pleasure palaces. If Your Majesty values pleasure travel above the altars of state, how will the empire endure? Their words were stark and urgent.
10
中旨以內官晁進、楊保分守蘭州、肅州，元錫等言：「二州逼強寇，不可增官守，累居民。」 群小不悅，矯旨責之。 詔改團營西官廳為威武團練營，以江彬、許泰等提督之，別擇地為團營教場。 元錫言：「拓地則擾居民，興工則費財力，以朝廷自將之軍而彬等概加提督，則僭名分。」 不從。 會帝崩，事已。
Secret orders posted eunuchs Chao Jin and Yang Bao at Lanzhou and Suzhou; Yuanxi protested that both regions bordered powerful enemies and extra officials would only oppress the people. Court favorites were angered and had a forged edict castigate them. An edict turned the Tuan barracks' western office into the Weiwu training camp under Jiang Bin, Xu Tai, and others, and set aside new ground for drill. Yuanxi argued that expanding the grounds would harass the people, construction would drain the treasury, and putting Bin and others over troops the throne itself commanded was rank usurpation. The emperor refused to listen. When the emperor died, the matter lapsed.
11
世宗即位，疏言：「都督郤永以附江彬下獄，宜釋而用之。 錦衣都指揮郭鰲等十人皆彬黨，宜下獄治。」 鹹報可。 張銑、許泰系獄，帝忽宥其死。 元錫爭，不聽。 屢遷至太仆卿。 嘉靖六年，帝以李福達獄下三法司於理。 元錫不能平，有後言，聞於張璁，並下獄奪職。 後用薦起故官。 歷戶部左、右侍郎，致仕，卒。
At the Jiajing accession he memorialized that Regional Commander Xi Yong, imprisoned for siding with Jiang Bin, should be released and used. Ten men including brocade-clad commander Guo Ao, all Bin's followers, should be jailed and tried. The throne approved in full. Zhang Xian and Xu Tai were in prison when the emperor suddenly spared their lives. Yuanxi objected, but the emperor would not hear him. He rose in stages to minister of the Court of the Imperial Stud. In the sixth year of Jiajing the emperor referred the Li Fuda case to the three judicial offices. Yuanxi could not accept the outcome and spoke afterward; Zhang Cong heard of it and had him imprisoned and dismissed. He was later restored to office on recommendation. He served as left and right vice minister of revenue, retired, and died.
12
邢寰，黃梅人。 正德三年進士。 數言事，有直聲。
Xing Huan came from Huangmei. He took the jinshi in the third year of Zhengde. He spoke often on public affairs and won a name for outspoken integrity.
13
寇天敘，字子惇，榆次人。 由鄉舉入太學。 與崔銑、呂柟善。 登正德三年進士，除南京大理評事，進寺副。 累遷應天府丞。 武宗駐南京，從官衛士十余萬，日費金萬計，近幸求索倍之。 尹齊宗道憂懼卒，天敘攝其事，日青衣皂帽坐堂上。 江彬使者至，好語之曰：「民窮官帑乏，無可結歡，丞專待譴耳。」 彬使累至皆然，彬亦止。 他權幸有求，則曰：「俟若奏即予。」 禁軍攫民物，天敘與兵部尚書喬宇選拳勇者與搏戲。 禁軍卒受傷，慚且畏，不敢橫。 其隨事禁制多類此。 駕駐九月，南京不大困者，天敘與宇力也。
Kou Tianxu, whose style was Zidun, came from Yuci. He entered the Imperial Academy via the provincial route. He was close to Cui Qian and Lü Zha. In the third year of Zhengde he passed the jinshi, became a reviewer at the Nanjing Court of Judicial Review, and rose to vice director. He was promoted repeatedly to vice magistrate of Yingtian. When the Martial Emperor lodged at Nanjing, his entourage and guards exceeded a hundred thousand and cost ten thousand taels a day, while favorites demanded double. Magistrate Qi Zongdao died of worry; Tianxu took over, sitting in court each day in plain blue dress and black cap. When Jiang Bin's messengers came, he told them gently: "The people are poor and the treasury bare—there is nothing to offer; this vice magistrate awaits only reprimand. Bin's envoys came again and again and always got the same reply, until Bin himself gave up. When other favorites demanded favors, he said: "Wait until you memorialize and you shall have it. When palace soldiers seized people's goods, Tianxu and War Minister Qiao Yu picked sturdy men to wrestle them. The soldiers were hurt, ashamed and afraid, and dared not bully the people again. Most of his restraints on abuse followed this pattern. For the nine months of the imperial stay, Nanjing did not collapse—thanks to Tianxu and Yu.
14
嘉靖三年，以右僉都御史巡撫宣府。 未行，改鄖陽。 甫二月，又改甘肅。 回賊犯山丹，督將士擒其長脫脫木兒。 西域貢獅子、犀牛、西狗，天敘請卻之，不聽。 進右副都御史，巡撫陜西。 寇入固原，擊敗之，斬首百余。 又討平大盜王居等，累賜銀幣。 織造太監至，有司議奏罷之。 天敘曰：「甫至遽請罷，即不罷，焰且益張。」 會歲祲，乃請蠲租稅，發粟振饑民； 因言織造非儉歲所宜設，帝立召還。 歷兵部右侍郎，卒。 家貧，喪事不具。 天敘在太學時，嘗聞父疾，馳六晝夜抵家，父疾亦廖。
In the third year of Jiajing he became right vice censor-in-chief and grand coordinator of Xuanfu. Before departing he was reassigned to Yunyang. Two months later he was moved again to Gansu. When Hui rebels struck Shandan, he led troops to seize their chief Tuotuomu'er. When the Western Regions sent lions, rhinoceroses, and exotic dogs, Tianxu asked to refuse them, but the emperor refused. He was promoted to right vice censor-in-chief and grand coordinator of Shaanxi. When bandits entered Guyuan, he routed them and took more than a hundred heads. He also suppressed the great outlaw Wang Ju and others and received repeated gifts of silver and silk. When the imperial weaving eunuch arrived, local officials wanted to memorialize for his recall. Tianxu said: "He has barely arrived and you already ask to dismiss him—if he stays, his swagger will only swell. When famine came that year, he sought remission of taxes and grain relief; he added that imperial weaving was wrong in a lean year, and the emperor at once recalled the eunuch. He rose to right vice minister of war and died in office. His household was so poor the funeral could not be properly arranged. At the academy he once heard his father was ill, rode home in six days and nights, and found his father recovered.
15
唐胄，字平侯，瓊山人。 弘治十五年進士。 授戶部主事。 以憂歸。 劉瑾斥諸服除久不赴官者，坐奪職。 瑾誅，召用，以母老不出。 嘉靖初，起故官。 疏諫內官織造，請為宋死節臣趙與珞追謚立祠。 進員外郎，遷廣西提學僉事。 令土官及瑤、蠻悉遣子入學。 擢金騰副使。 土酋莽信虐，計擒之。 木邦、孟養構兵，胄遣使宣諭，木邦遂獻地。 屢遷廣西左布政使。 官軍討古田賊，久無功，胄遣使撫之其魁曰：「是前唐使君令吾子入學者。」 即解甲。 擢右副都御史，巡撫南、贛，移山東。 遷南京戶部右侍郎。 十五年改北部，進左侍郎。 帝以安南久不貢，將致討，郭勛復贊之。 詔遣錦衣官問狀，中外嚴兵待發。 胄上疏諫曰：
Tang Zhou, whose style was Pinghou, came from Qiongshan. He passed the jinshi in the fifteenth year of Hongzhi. He was made a secretary in the Ministry of Revenue. He went home for mourning. Liu Jin purged officials who had finished mourning but delayed return; Zhou lost his post thereby. After Jin's fall he was recalled but stayed away while his mother lived. Early in Jiajing he was restored to his former post. He remonstrated against eunuch weaving and sought posthumous honors and a shrine for the Song martyr Zhao Yuluo. He was promoted to vice director and made education intendant in Guangxi. He required native chiefs and Yao and Man peoples to send sons to the schools. He was raised to vice commissioner at Jinteng. He plotted the capture of the brutal native chief Mang Xin. When Mubang and Mengyang fought, Zhou sent envoys; Mubang then yielded land. He rose to left administration commissioner in Guangxi. Troops had long failed against Gutian bandits; Zhou sent envoys, and their chief said: "This is the Tang envoy who sent our sons to school. They immediately disarmed. He became right vice censor-in-chief, grand coordinator of Nan and Gan, then moved to Shandong. He was transferred to right vice minister of revenue at Nanjing. In the fifteenth year he moved to the northern ministry as left vice minister. As Annam had long withheld tribute, the emperor planned punishment, and Guo Xun again urged war. Edicts sent brocade-clad agents to inquire; court and country braced for war. Zhou memorialized in protest:
16
今日之事，若欲其修貢而已，兵不必用，官亦無容遣。 若欲討之，則有不可者七，請一一陳之：
"If we only want tribute restored, we need neither armies nor envoys. If we mean to attack, seven reasons forbid it—hear them in order:
17
古帝王不以中國之治治蠻夷，故安南不征，著在《祖訓》。 一也。
Ancient sage-kings did not rule barbarians as they ruled China; Annam was not to be attacked—so the Ancestral Injunctions declare. First.
18
太宗既滅黎季筼，求陳氏後不得，始郡縣之。 後兵連不解，仁廟每以為恨。 章皇帝成先誌，棄而不守，今日當率循。 二也。
Taizong destroyed Li Jicang, found no Chen heir, and made the land into commanderies and counties. War dragged on endlessly, and Renzong always regretted it. Emperor Zhang fulfilled that intent and let the land go; we should follow his example. Second.
19
外夷分爭，中國之福。 安南自五代至元，更曲、劉、紹、吳、丁、黎、李、陳八姓，叠興叠廢，而嶺南外警遂稀。 今紛爭，正不當問，奈何殃赤子以威小醜，割心腹以補四肢，無益有害。 三也。
When outer peoples fight each other, China profits. From the Five Dynasties to the Yuan, eight houses—Qu, Liu, Shao, Wu, Ding, Li, and Chen—rose and fell in Annam, and alarms on the Lingnan frontier grew rare. Their quarrel is precisely when we should stand aside—why scourge the innocent to frighten petty foes, cutting the heart to save a limb, with harm and no gain? Third.
20
若謂中國近境，宜乘亂取之。 臣考馬援南征，深歷浪泊，士卒死亡幾半，所立銅柱為漢極界，乃近在今思明府耳。 先朝雖嘗平之，然屢服屢叛，中國士馬物故者以數十萬計，竭二十余年之財力，僅得數十郡縣之虛名而止。 況又有征之不克，如宋太宗、神宗，元憲宗、世祖朝故事乎？ 此可為殷鑒。 四也。
If one says that because it lies near China we should seize the moment of disorder, Consider Ma Yuan's southern campaign: he reached deep into Langbo, lost nearly half his army, and the bronze pillar that marked Han's limit stood near today's Siming prefecture. Our dynasty too once pacified it, yet it rebelled again and again; hundreds of thousands of men and horses died and twenty years of revenue were spent—for the hollow title of a few dozen districts. And campaigns failed—as under Song Taizong and Shenzong, and Yuan Xianzong and Shizu—should this not warn us? Let this be our mirror. Fourth.
21
外邦入貢，乃彼之利。 一則奉正朔以威其鄰，一則通貿易以足其國。 故今雖兵亂，尚累累奉表箋、具方物，款關求入，守臣以姓名不符卻之。 是彼欲貢不得，非抗不貢也。 以此責之，詞不順。 五也。
Tribute benefits them, not us. They accept our calendar to intimidate neighbors and trade to fill their coffers. Even now, amid war, they still send memorials and gifts and beg entry at the passes—yet border officials turn them away over mismatched names. They want to tribute but are refused—not defiance of tribute. To punish them on this score is unjust. Fifth.
22
興師則需餉。 今四川有采木之役，貴州有凱口之師，而兩廣積儲數十萬，率耗於田州岑猛之役。 又大工頻興，所在軍儲悉輸將作，興師數十萬，何以給之？ 六也。
War demands provisions. Sichuan faces timber corvée, Guizhou the Kaikou campaign, and the two Guang have stored hundreds of thousands of piculs—mostly spent on Cen Meng of Tianzhou. Grand projects multiply, military stores drain to the Directorate of Works—how feed an army of hundreds of thousands? Sixth.
23
然臣所憂，又不止此。 唐之衰也，自明皇南詔之役始。 宋之衰也，自神宗伐遼之役始。 今北寇日強，據我河套。 邊卒屢叛，毀我藩籬。 北顧方殷，更啟南征之議，脫有不測，誰任其咎？ 七也。
Yet my fears go further still. Tang's fall began with Minghuang's Nanzhao war. Song's fall began with Shenzong's war on Liao. Northern foes grow stronger and hold our Ordos. Border troops rebel and breach our defenses. The north still alarms us—open a southern war, and who answers if disaster strikes? Seventh.
24
錦衣武人，暗於大體。 倘稍枉是非之實，致彼不服，反足損威。 即令按問得情，伐之不可，不伐不可，進退無據，何以為謀？ 且今嚴兵待發之詔初下，而征求騷擾之害已形，是憂不在外夷，而在邦域中矣。 請停遣勘官，罷一切征調，天下幸甚。
Brocade-clad agents are soldiers, blind to statecraft. Distort the facts even slightly and they will not submit—our prestige alone will suffer. Even a fair inquiry leaves us unable to attack or not attack—with no footing, how plan? The mobilization edict is barely out, yet levies already torment the people—our peril lies within, not beyond. Stop the investigators, halt all war levies—the realm would be blessed.
25
章下兵部，請從其議。 得旨，待勘官還更議。 明年四月，帝決計征討。 侍郎潘珍、兩廣總督潘旦、巡按御史余光相繼諫，皆不納。 後遣毛伯溫往，卒撫降之。
The memorial went to the Ministry of War, which endorsed it. The throne replied: wait until the investigators return, then decide. The next fourth month the emperor resolved on war. Vice Minister Pan Zhen, Grand Coordinator Pan Dan, and Censor Yu Guang protested in turn—all ignored. Mao Bowen was sent later and they were pacified.
26
郭勛為祖英請配享，胄疏爭。 帝欲祀獻皇帝明堂，配上帝，胄力言不可。 帝大怒，下詔獄拷掠，削籍歸。 遇赦復冠帶，卒。 隆慶初，贈右都御史。 胄耿介孝友，好學多著述，立朝有執持，為嶺南人士之冠。
Guo Xun sought joint sacrifice for his ancestor Ying; Zhou protested. When the emperor planned to honor the Prince of Xing in the Bright Hall beside the Supreme Lord, Zhou objected fiercely. The emperor raged, jailed and tortured him, and struck him from office. He regained rank on amnesty and died at home. Early in Longqing he was posthumously made right censor-in-chief. Upright, filial, and learned, Zhou wrote widely; in court he stood firm and led Lingnan scholars.
27
潘珍，字玉卿，婺源人。 弘治十五年進士。 正德中，歷官山東僉事，分巡袞州。 賊劉七等猝至，有備不敢攻，引去，掠曲阜。 珍奏徙縣治而城之。 遷福建副使，湖廣左布政使。 嘉靖七年以右副都御史巡撫遼東。 累遷兵部左侍郎。 時議諫討安南，珍上疏諫曰：「陳暠、莫登庸皆殺逆之賊，黎寧與其父譓不請封入貢亦二十年，揆以大義，皆所當討，何獨徇寧請為左右？ 且其地不足郡縣置，叛服無與中國。 今北敵曰蕃，聯帳萬里，烽警屢聞，顧釋門庭防，遠事瘴蠻，非計之得。 宜遣大臣有文武才者，聲言進討。 檄數登庸罪，赦其脅從，且令黎寧合剿。 賊父子不擒則降，何必勞師？」 帝責珍撓成命，褫職歸。 尋以恩詔復官，致仕。 珍廉直有行誼，中外十余薦，皆報寢。 卒，贈右都御史。
Pan Zhen, whose style was Yuqing, came from Wuyuan. He passed the jinshi in the fifteenth year of Hongzhi. Under Zhengde he was Shandong vice commissioner, touring Yanzhou. Bandit Liu Qi came suddenly; finding the city prepared, they spared it but looted Qufu. Zhen memorialized to relocate the county seat and fortify the walls. He became Fujian vice commissioner, then left administration commissioner in Huguang. In the seventh year of Jiajing he became right vice censor-in-chief, grand coordinator of Liaodong. He rose to left vice minister of war. When the court debated war on Annam, Zhen wrote: "Chen Hao and Mo Dengyong are murderers; Li Ning and his father have not sought enfeoffment or tribute for twenty years—all merit punishment by principle. Why heed only Ning? Its land is not worth a prefecture; its quarrels are not China's affair. Northern enemies spread for ten thousand li while alarms multiply—yet we would leave the gate open to fight in the south; this is folly. Send a minister of civil and military talent who proclaims punishment. Publish Dengyong's crimes, pardon the coerced, and order Li Ning to join the strike. If they are not taken they will submit—why march an army? The emperor accused Zhen of obstructing his decree and dismissed him. An amnesty soon restored his rank; he retired. Incorrupt and upright, he was recommended more than ten times—all ignored. He died and was posthumously made right censor-in-chief.
28
珍族子旦，字希周。 弘治十八年進士。 知漳州邵武。 三遷浙江左布政使。 斥羨金不取。 嘉靖八年擢右副都御史，撫治鄖陽。 數平巨寇。 累遷刑部右侍郎。 十五年冬，以兵部左侍郎提督兩廣軍務。 詔起復毛伯溫討安南。 旦行過其裏，語之曰：「安南非門庭寇。 公宜以終喪辭。 往來之間，少緩師期。 俟其聞命求款，因撫之，可百全也。」 旦抵廣，適安南使至，馳疏言：「莫登庸之篡黎氏，猶黎氏之篡陳氏也。 朝廷將興問罪師，登庸即有求貢之使，何嘗不畏天威？ 乞容臣等觀變，待彼國自定。 若登庸奉表獻琛，於中國體足矣，豈必窮兵萬里哉。」
Zhen's clansman Dan, styled Xizhou. He took the jinshi in the eighteenth year of Hongzhi. He served as magistrate of Zhangzhou and Shaowu. He rose three times to left administration commissioner in Zhejiang. He refused surplus tribute gold. In the eighth year of Jiajing he became right vice censor-in-chief, pacification commissioner of Yunyang. He repeatedly suppressed major bandits. He rose to right vice minister of justice. In the fifteenth winter he became left vice minister of war, supervising the two Guang. An edict recalled Mao Bowen from mourning to attack Annam. Passing Mao's home, Dan told him: "Annam is no threshold foe. Decline on grounds of mourning. Delay the march in transit. When they hear the decree and sue for peace, pacify them—then all is safe. At Guang, Annam envoys arrived; Dan memorialized: "Dengyong's seizure of the Li is like Li's seizure of the Chen. The court prepares war, yet Dengyong already sends tribute envoys—does he not fear the throne? Allow me to watch and wait until their realm settles. If Dengyong submits memorials and tribute, China's honor is satisfied—why march ten thousand li?"
29
章下禮、兵二部。 族父珍適以言得罪，尚書嚴嵩、張瓚絀旦議不用。 會伯溫人都，見旦疏不悅。 言總督任重，宜擇知兵者。 遂改旦南京兵部，以張經代之。 未行，引疾乞休，語侵伯溫。 帝怒，勒致仕。 將還，吏白例支庫金為道里費。 旦笑曰：「吾不以妄取為例。」 卒，贈工部尚書。
The memorial went to Rites and War. Zhen had just been punished; Yan Song and Zhang Zan shelved Dan's plan. Bowen, reaching the capital, disliked Dan's memorial. He said the grand coordinator's post required a man who knew war. Dan was moved to Nanjing War Ministry; Zhang Jing replaced him. Before departing he begged sick leave and insulted Bowen. The emperor ordered him to retire in disgrace. On departure, clerks offered travel silver from the treasury. Dan laughed: "I do not treat theft as precedent. He died and was posthumously made minister of works.
30
旦上書半歲，廣東巡按御史余光亦言：「黎氏魚肉國君，在陳氏為賊子； 抗拒中國，在我朝為亂魁。 今失國，或天假手登庸以報之也。 自宋以來，丁移於李，李奪於陳，陳篡於黎，今黎又轉於莫。 欲興黎氏，勢必不能。 臣已遣官責其修貢。 道里懸遠，往復陳請，必失事機。 乞令臣便宜從事。」 帝以光疏中引五季、六朝事，下之兵部。 咎光輕率，奪其俸。 無何，光進鄉試錄。 禮部尚書嚴嵩摘其誤，奏之，被逮削籍。 光，江寧人。
Six months later Guangdong censor Yu Guang wrote: "The Li oppressed their lord—in the Chen line they were parricides; resisting China, in our dynasty they are rebels. Now overthrown, perhaps Heaven uses Dengyong to repay them. Since Song, Ding fell to Li, Li to Chen, Chen to Li, Li to Mo. Reviving the Li is impossible. I have already sent officers to demand tribute. Distance and repeated memorials will miss the moment. Allow me to act at discretion. The emperor, noting Guang cited Five Dynasties and Six Dynasties parallels, sent the memorial to War. He blamed Guang for rashness and cut his pay. Soon Guang submitted the provincial examination roster. Yan Song found errors and had Guang arrested and dismissed. Guang came from Jiangning.
31
李中，字子庸，吉水人，正德九年進士。 楊一清為吏部，數召中應言官試，不赴。 及授工部主事，武宗自稱大慶法王，建寺西華門內，用番僧住持，廷臣莫敢言。 中拜官三月即抗疏曰：「曩逆瑾竊權，勢焰薰灼。 陛下既悟，誅之無赦，聖武可謂卓絕矣。 今大權未收，儲位未建，義子未革，紀綱日馳，風俗日壤，小人日進，君子日退，士氣日靡，言路日閉，名器日輕，賄賂日行，禮樂日廢，刑罰日濫，民財日殫，軍政日弊。 瑾既誅矣，而善治一無可舉者，由陛下惑異端故也。 夫禁掖嚴邃，豈異教所得雜居？ 今乃建寺西華門內，延止番僧，日與聚處。 異言日沃，忠言日遠，用舍顛倒，舉錯乖方。 政務廢馳，職此之故。 伏望陛下翻然悔悟，毀佛寺，出番僧，妙選儒臣，朝夕勸講，攬大權以絕天下之奸，建儲位以立天下之本，革義子以正天下之名，則所謂振紀綱、勵風俗、進君子、退小人諸事，可次第舉矣。」 帝怒。 罪將不測，以大臣救得免。 逾日，中旨謫廣東通衢驛丞。 王守仁撫贛州，檄中參其軍事。 預平宸濠。
Li Zhong, styled Ziyong, from Jishui, passed the jinshi in the ninth year of Zhengde. Yang Yiqing as personnel minister repeatedly tested Zhong for censorial office; Zhong refused. As a Works secretary, the Martial Emperor styled himself Daqing Dharma King, built a temple inside Xihua Gate with Tibetan abbots—and ministers were silent. Three months in office Zhong memorialized boldly: "Once Jin usurped power and scorched the court. Your Majesty saw through him and executed him without mercy—sagely martial indeed. Yet power is not gathered, the heir unset, adopted sons unreformed; law slips, morals rot, flatterers rise and gentlemen fall, morale sinks, speech is sealed, honors cheapen, bribery spreads, rites decay, punishments run wild, wealth drains, and the army rots. Jin is dead, yet no good rule appears—because Your Majesty is lost in heterodox ways. The inner palace is deeply guarded—how can foreign faiths be allowed to live there? A temple has been built inside Xihua Gate, Tibetan monks lodged there, meeting daily. Alien counsel floods in while loyal words fade; the wrong men rise, actions go awry. State business lies abandoned—for this reason. I pray Your Majesty will repent, tear down the temples, send the monks away, choose fine Confucian counselors for daily instruction, seize power to root out treason, name an heir to secure the realm, and end adopted-son titles to set the court right—then restoring law, reforming manners, promoting the worthy and dismissing the base can follow in order. The Emperor was furious. He faced unknown punishment but was spared when a senior minister intervened. Next day an imperial edict banished him to Tongqu Post station in Guangdong. Wang Shouren, pacifying Ganzhou, called Zhong by dispatch to his staff. He helped crush Prince Chen Hao's rebellion.
32
世宗踐阼，復故官。 未任，擢廣東僉事。 再遷廣西提學副使，以身為教。 擇諸生高等聚五經書院，五日一登堂講難。 三遷廣東右布政使。 忤總督及巡撫御史，坐以不稱職，當罷。 霍韜署吏部事，稱中素廉節有才望，當留。 會政府有不悅者，降四川右參政。 十八年擢右僉都御史，巡撫山東。 歲歉，令民捕蝗者倍予谷，蝗絕而饑者濟。 擒劇盜關繼光，鄰境攘其功，中不與辯。 進副都御史，總督南京糧儲。 御史金燦按四川時，嘗薦中。 中不謝，燦憾之，至是摭他事誣劾。 方議調用而中卒。 光宗時，追謚莊介。
On Shizong's accession Zhong was restored to office. Before assuming it he was made Guangdong vice commissioner. Then as Guangxi education vice commissioner he taught by example. He gathered the best students at the Five Classics Academy for debate lectures every five days. A third promotion made him Guangdong right administrative commissioner. He crossed the governor and touring censor, was found unfit, and marked for removal. Huo Tao at Personnel praised Zhong's integrity and talent and argued he should stay. Enemies in court lowered him to Sichuan right vice commissioner. In year eighteen he became right assistant censor-in-chief and Shandong coordinator. In famine he doubled grain pay for locust hunters; when the swarms ended the hungry were fed. He caught the bandit Guan Jiguang; neighbors claimed the credit and he did not argue. Promoted to vice censor-in-chief, he took charge of Nanjing grain reserves. Censor Jin Can had recommended Zhong while inspecting Sichuan. Zhong never thanked him; Jin now trumped up charges. While reassignment was debated, Zhong died. Guangzong posthumously named him Zhuangjie.
33
中守官廉。 自廣西歸，欲飯客，貸米鄰家。 米至，又乏薪，將以浴器爨。 會日已暮，竟不及飯而別。 少學於同里楊珠，既而擴充之，沈潛邃密，學者稱谷平先生。 門人羅洪先、王龜年、周子恭皆能傳其學。 中族人楷，又傳洪先之學。
Zhong served with scrupulous honesty. Back from Guangxi he wanted to entertain guests and borrowed rice next door. Rice came but he had no firewood and meant to cook in a bathing tub. Night fell before dinner; the guests left unfed. He studied under Yang Zhu of his home district, then deepened it into profound learning; scholars called him Master Guping. Disciples Luo Hongxian, Wang Guinian, and Zhou Zigong carried on his teachings. His kinsman Kai also passed on Hongxian's doctrine.
34
楷，字邦正。 由舉人授湯溪知縣。 母艱服闋，補青田。 時倭躪東南，楷積谷資守禦。 青田故無城。 倭至，楷禦於沙埠，倭不得渡，乃以間築城。 倭又至，登陴守，日殺賊數人，倭遁去。 改知昌樂，亦以治行聞。
Kai, styled Bangzheng. A provincial graduate, he became magistrate of Tangxi. After his mother's mourning he was posted to Qingtian. As pirates ravaged the southeast he hoarded grain for defense. Qingtian had never had walls. When raiders came he blocked them at Shabu; unable to cross, he used the lull to build walls. They returned; he held the walls, killing several each day until they fled. Transferred to Changle, he won fame for good rule.
35
歐陽鐸，字崇道，泰和人。 正德三年進士。 授行人。 上書極論時政，不報。 使蜀府，王厚遺之，不受。 歷工部郎中，改南兵部。 出為延平知府。 毀淫祠數十百所，以其材葺學宮。 司禮太監蕭敬家奴殺人，置之法。 調福州，議均徭曰：「郡多士大夫，其士大夫又多田產。 民有產者無幾耳，而徭則盡責之民。 請分民半役。」 士大夫率不便。 巡按御史汪珊力持之，議乃行。 嘉靖三年擢廣東提學副使。 累遷南京光祿卿，歷右副都御史，巡撫應天十府。 蘇、松田不甚相懸。 下者畝五升，上者至二十倍。 鐸令賦最重者減耗米，派輕賫； 最輕者征本色，增耗米。 陰輕重之，賦乃均。 諸推收田，從圩不從戶，詭寄無所容。 州縣荒田四千四百余頃，歲勒民償賦。 鐸以所清漏賦及他奇羨補之。 議徭役及裁郵置費凡數十百條，民皆稱便。 遷南京兵部侍郎，進吏部右侍郎。 九廟災，自陳去。
Ouyang Duo, styled Chongdao, was from Taihe. Jinshi of Zhengde year three. Made a courier. He memorialized boldly on policy; no answer came. Envoy to the Shu prince, he refused rich gifts from Wang Hou. He served in Works, then moved to Nanjing War. Posted as Yanping prefect. He razed scores of illicit shrines and rebuilt the academy with their timber. When Xiao Jing's slave committed murder, Duo had him executed. Transferred to Fuzhou, debating corvée reform he said: "The prefecture has many gentry, and the gentry hold most of the land. Few commoners own land, yet all corvée falls on them. Let commoners bear only half the burden. Gentry mostly objected. Censor Wang Shan enforced it, and the plan took effect. Jiajing year three made him Guangdong education vice commissioner. He rose to Nanjing Household director, then right vice censor coordinating Yingtian's ten prefectures. Suzhou and Songjiang fields were not far apart in quality. Poor plots yielded five sheng per mu; rich ones up to twenty times more. Duo cut loss-grain surcharges on the heaviest assessments and shifted lighter fees; the lightest plots paid in kind with added loss-grain. By shifting weight secretly he equalized the levies. Tax rolls followed field boundaries not households, blocking false registration. Over 4,400 qing of wasteland still taxed the people each year. Duo covered it from recovered hidden taxes and other surpluses. Scores of reforms on corvée and post fees won universal praise. Made Nanjing vice war minister, then right vice personnel minister. After the nine temples burned he resigned on his own account.
36
鐸有文學，內行修潔。 仕雖通顯，家具蕭然。 卒，贈工部尚書，謚恭簡。
Duo was learned and upright in private life. For all his rank, his home was bare. He died; posthumously minister of works, posthumous name Gongjian.
37
陶諧，字世和，會稽人。 弘治八年鄉試第一。 明年成進士，選庶吉士，授工科給事中。 請命儒臣日講《大學衍義》，孝宗嘉納之。
Tao Xie, styled Shihe, was from Kuaiji. Top provincial candidate, Hongzhi year eight. Next year a jinshi and hanlin bachelor, made Works supervising secretary. He urged daily lectures on the Extended Meaning of the Great Learning; Xiaozong approved.
38
正德改元，劉瑾等亂政。 諧請以瑾等誤國罪告先帝，罪之勿赦。 瑾摘其譌字令對狀，伏罪乃宥之。 帝命中官崔杲等往江南、浙江織造，杲等復乞長蘆鹽引。 諧再疏爭，皆不聽。 諧當出理邊儲，以工科掌印無人，請俟行日遣官代署。 瑾遂中諧，下詔獄廷杖，斥為民。 旋榜為奸黨。 又誣以巡視十庫時缺布不奏，復械至闕下杖之，謫戍肅州。 瑾誅，釋還鄉，其黨猶用事，竟不獲召。
When Zhengde began, Liu Jin and his faction misgoverned. Xie demanded Jin be charged before the late emperor with betraying the realm, unpardonable. Jin seized on textual errors, forced a confession, then spared him. The Emperor sent eunuchs Cui Gao and others to weave in Jiangnan and Zhejiang; they also sought Changlu salt licenses. Xie protested twice; both pleas were ignored. Bound for frontier granaries, with no one to hold the Works seal he asked an interim appointee until he left. Jin framed him, had him beaten in the imperial prison, and expelled him as a commoner. He was soon listed among the wicked faction. Accused of hiding a cloth shortage while inspecting the ten storehouses, he was beaten again at court and exiled to garrison Suzhou. After Jin's death he went home free, but Jin's men still ruled and he was never recalled.
39
嘉靖元年復官。 未至，除江西僉事，轉河南管河副使。 命沿河植柳，傍藝葭葦，有事采以為埽。 總理都御史請推行之諸道，歲省費鉅萬。 遷參政，歷左、右布政使，皆在河南。 久之，擢右副都御史，提督南、贛、汀、漳軍務。 疏言：「守令遷太驟，宜以六年為期。 言官忤旨，當優容。 養病官才力堪任者，毋終棄。」 時南京御史馬敭等劾王瓊被逮，而新例養病久者率不復收敘，故諧以為言。 又奏：「今天下差徭煩重。 既有河夫、機兵、打手、富戶、力士諸役，乃編審裏甲，復征曠丁課及供億諸費。 乞皆罷免。」 帝采納之。
Jiajing year one restored him to office. Before taking post he became Jiangxi vice commissioner, then Henan river-control vice commissioner. He planted willows and reeds along the river for emergency embankment material. The supervising censor spread the practice circuit-wide, saving tens of thousands yearly. Promoted to vice commissioner, he served as Henan left and right administrative commissioner. Eventually made right vice censor-in-chief over Nan, Gan, Ting, and Zhang military affairs. He memorialized: "Prefects and magistrates rotate too fast; fix terms at six years. Censors who cross the throne deserve forbearance. Able officials on sick leave should not be cast aside forever. Nanjing censors including Ma Yang had been arrested for impeaching Wang Qiong, while long-sick officials were rarely restored—hence Xie's plea. He also wrote: "Corvée levies today are crushing. Beyond river crews, militia, bravoes, rich-household service, and strongmen, wards were re-registered and idle-man dues and supply fees imposed again. I ask that all of this be abolished. The Emperor accepted it.
40
尋遷兵部右侍郎，總督兩廣軍務。 海寇陳邦瑞、許折桂等突入波羅廟，欲犯廣州，為指揮李筜所蹙。 邦瑞投水死，折桂還所執指揮二人，乞就撫。 諧居折桂等東莞，編為總甲，使約束其黨五百人為新民。 兵部以降賊群聚，恐乘隙為變，令解散其黨。 已，陽春賊趙林花等攻城，與德慶賊鳳二全相倚為患，諧討破百二十五砦。 帝曰：「諧功足錄，第前縱患者誰？」 乃僅賚銀幣。 瓊山沙灣洞賊黎佛二等殺典史，諧復剿平。 為總督三年，俘斬累萬。 母憂歸。 起兵部左侍郎。 九廟災，自陳致仕歸。 卒，贈兵部尚書。 隆慶初，謚莊敏。
Soon made right war vice minister, grand coordinator of the two Guang. Sea raiders Chen Bangrui and Xu Zhegui broke into Boluo Temple to strike Guangzhou; Commander Li Dang drove them back. Bangrui drowned; Zhegui returned two captured commanders and sought amnesty. Xie settled Zhegui's band at Dongguan as ward chiefs, binding five hundred men as new subjects. War feared the surrendered bandits might rebel and ordered their followers dispersed. Later Yangchun bandits led by Zhao Linhua besieged a town with Deqing's Feng Erquan; Xie destroyed 125 stockades. The Emperor said: "Xie's merit deserves note—but who let the trouble grow? He received only silver and silk. Qiongshan bandits Li Fo'er and others killed a registrar; Xie crushed them again. In three years as grand coordinator he captured or killed tens of thousands. He went home to mourn his mother. He was made left war vice minister. After the nine temples burned he resigned on his own account. He died; posthumously minister of war. Early in Longqing he was posthumously named Zhuangmin.
41
孫大順，字景熙。 嘉靖四十五年進士。 歷官福建右布政使。 司帑失銀，吏卒五十人皆坐系。 大順言於左使曰：「盜者兩三人耳，何盡系之為？ 請為公治之。」 乃縱囚令跡盜，果得真者。 終右副都御史，廣西巡撫。
Sun Dashun, styled Jingxi. Jinshi of Jiajing year forty-five. He served as Fujian right administrative commissioner. When the treasury lost silver, fifty clerks and runners were jailed. Dashun told the left commissioner: "Only two or three stole it—why jail everyone? Let me handle it for you. He freed the prisoners to hunt the thieves and caught the real ones. He ended as Guangxi grand coordinator, right vice censor-in-chief.
42
弟大臨，字虞臣。 嘉靖三十五年進士及第，授編修。 吳時來劾嚴嵩，大臨為定疏草。 時來下詔獄，詰所共謀。 大臨不顧，日餉之藥物，時來亦忍死無一言。 萬歷初，累官吏部侍郎。 卒，贈吏部尚書，謚文僖。 大臨少應舉杭州，鄰婦夜奔，拒之，旦遂徙舍。 為人寬然長者，而內持貞介，不以勢利易。
His brother Dalin, styled Yuchen. Top jinshi of Jiajing year thirty-five, made a compiler. When Wu Shilai impeached Yan Song, Dalin wrote the draft. Shilai went to the imperial prison and was asked who else plotted with him. Dalin ignored the inquiry and daily sent him medicine; Shilai endured torture without naming anyone. Early in Wanli he became vice personnel minister. He died; posthumously personnel minister, posthumous name Wenxi. Taking exams at Hangzhou as a youth, he refused a neighbor's wife who came by night and moved out at dawn. Outwardly an easy elder, inwardly upright—he never bent to power or profit.
43
大順子允淳，與父同登進士。 終尚寶丞。
Dashun's son Yunchun became jinshi alongside his father. He ended as Court of Imperial Stud director.
44
潘塤，字伯和，山陽人。 正德三年進士。 授工科給事中。 性剛決，彈劾無所避。 論諸大寮王鼎、劉機、寧杲、陳天祥等，多見納。
Pan Xun, styled Bohe, was from Shanyang. Jinshi of Zhengde year three. Made Works supervising secretary. Firm and resolute, he feared no one in impeachment. He impeached senior officials including Wang Ding, Liu Ji, Ning Gao, and Chen Tianxiang, and many charges stuck.
45
乾清宮災，塤上疏曰：「陛下蒞阼九年，治效未臻，災祥叠見。 臣願非安宅不居，非大道不由，非正人不親，非儒術不崇，非大閱不觀兵，非執法不成獄，非骨肉之親不幹政，非汗馬之勞不濫賞。 臣聞陛下好戲謔矣。 臣以為入而內庭琴瑟鐘鼓人倫之樂，不必遊離宮以為歡，狎群小以為快也； 出而外廷華裔一統莫非臣妾，不必收朝官為私人，集遠人為勇士也。 聞陛下好佛矣。 臣以為南郊有天地，太廟有祖宗。 錫祉迎庥，佛於何有？ 番僧可逐而度僧可止也。 聞陛下好勇、好貨、好土木矣。 臣以為誅奸遏亂，大勇也，不須馳馬試劍以自勞。 三軍六師，大武也，不須邊將邊軍以自擁。 任土作貢，皇店奚為？ 阛阓駢闐，內市安用？ 阿房壯麗，古以為金塊珠礫也，況養豹乎！ 金碧熒煌，古以為塗膏畔血也，況供佛乎！ 是數者之好皆可已而不已者也。」 疏入，報聞。
When Qianqing Palace burned, Xun memorialized: "Nine years on the throne, rule still falls short and omens multiply. I pray Your Majesty will live only in secure quarters, walk only the great Way, trust only upright men, honor only Confucian learning, review troops only at grand inspections, judge only by law, let only kin by blood govern, and reward only true merit. I hear Your Majesty loves jest and banter. Within the inner court, music and kinship suffice—there is no need for pleasure palaces or petty favorites; outside, all the realm is yours—there is no need to keep court officials as private retainers or foreigners as bravoes. I hear Your Majesty favors Buddhism. At the southern altar stand Heaven and Earth; in the Grand Temple stand the ancestors. Blessings come from Heaven and ancestors—what need of Buddha? Expel the Tibetan monks and halt new ordinations. I hear Your Majesty loves valor, wealth, and building. Punishing traitors is true valor—no need to race horses and test swords yourself. The three armies are the realm's strength—no need for private frontier armies. Tribute follows local products—why imperial shops? Markets throng outside—why an inner market? Epang's splendor was called gold and pearl waste—how much worse to keep leopards! Gilded halls were called grease on fields and blood on boundaries—how much worse to supply Buddha! Each of these passions could end—but does not. The memorial was received; no further answer came.
46
十一年正月，上書言：「陛下始者血氣未定，禮度或逾。 今春秋已盛，更弦易轍，此其時也。 昔太甲居桐，處仁遷義，不失中興。 漢武下輪臺之詔，年已七十，猶為令主。 況陛下過未浮於太甲，悔又早於武帝，何愆不可蓋，何治不可建乎？」 時欲毀西安門外民居，有所興作。 塤與御史熊相、曹雷復切諫，皆不報。
In month one of year eleven he wrote: "At first Your Majesty was young and sometimes overstepped ritual bounds. Now you are in your prime—it is time to change course. Tai Jia once lived at Tong, turned toward benevolence and righteousness, and restored the dynasty. Han Wudi issued the Luntai edict at seventy and remained a good ruler. Your faults fall short of Tai Jia's and your repentance comes earlier than Wudi's—what fault cannot be mended, what rule cannot be built? The court then planned to raze homes outside Xi'an Gate for new building. Xun, Censor Xiong Xiang, and Cao Lei protested again; none was heeded.
47
三遷至兵科都給事中。 右都督毛倫以附劉瑾論死，削世蔭。 倫嘗有德於錢寧，恃為內援，其子求復襲。 塤等力爭，寧從中主之，寢其奏。 忽中旨命塤與吏科給事中呂經各進一階，外調，舉朝大駭。 給事中邵錫、御史王金等交章請留，不報。 遂添註塤開州同知。
A third promotion made him chief War supervising secretary. Right chief commander Mao Lun was condemned to death for siding with Liu Jin and lost his hereditary rank. Lun had once favored Qian Ning and relied on him at court; his son sought to restore the hereditary title. Xun fought it hard; Ning backed it from within and the petition was shelved. Suddenly an imperial order promoted Xun and Personnel supervising secretary Lu Jing one rank each and transferred them out—the court was stunned. Supervising secretaries and censors petitioned to keep them; no answer came. Xun was posted as Kaizhou assistant prefect.
48
嘉請七年，累官右副都御史，巡撫河南。 潞州巨盜陳卿據青陽山為亂，山西巡撫江潮、常道先後討賊無功，乃敕塤會剿。 塤謀於道曰：「賊守險，難以陣。 合諸路夾攻，出不意奪其險，乃可擒也。」 遂分五哨三路入，募土人為導。 首攻奪井腦，賊悉眾爭險。 官軍奮擊，大破之，追奔至莎草嶺，毀安陽諸巢。 山東副使牛鸞由潞城入，破賊李莊泉。 其夕，河南副使翟瓚搗卿巢，卿敗走。 瓚追敗之欒莊山，又敗之神河。 山西僉事陳大綱亦屢蹙賊，先後降二千三百余人。 自進兵至搜滅賊巢，凡二十九日。 捷聞，帝將大賚，遣給事中夏言往核，未報。 河南大饑，塤不以時振，而河南知府範璁不待報，輒開倉發粟，民德而頌之。 塤怨聲大起，流聞禁中。 帝切責撫、按匿災狀。 塤惶恐引罪，且歸罪於璁，遂為給事中蔡經等所劾。 詔罷塤，永不敘用。 言核上平賊功，塤為首。 桂萼惡之，但賚銀幣。 年八十七卒。
Jiajing year seven made him Henan grand coordinator, right vice censor-in-chief. Luzhou bandit Chen Qing held Qingyang Mountain; coordinators Jiang Chao and Chang Dao failed, and Xun was ordered to join the campaign. Xun told Dao: "The bandits hold the heights—hard to fight in formation. Attack from all sides at once, seize their heights by surprise, and we can capture them. They split five squads on three routes and hired local guides. They first seized Jingnao; the bandits massed to hold the heights. Government troops broke them, pursued to Shacao Ridge, and destroyed the Anyang nests. Shandong vice commissioner Niu Luan entered via Lucheng and broke them at Lizhuang Spring. That night Henan vice commissioner Zhai Zan struck Qing's nest and Qing fled. Zan defeated him again at Luanzhuang Mountain and Shenhe. Shanxi vice commissioner Chen Dagang also harried them; over 2,300 surrendered in all. From the advance to destroying the nests took twenty-nine days. Victory reported, the Emperor meant to reward heavily and sent Xia Yan to verify—no answer yet. Henan famine struck; Xun delayed relief while Prefect Fan Cong opened granaries without waiting—the people praised Fan. Resentment against Xun spread to the inner palace. The Emperor rebuked the coordinator and censor for hiding the famine. Xun confessed in fear, blamed Fan Cong, and was impeached by Cai Jing and others. An edict dismissed Xun permanently from office. Yan's verification ranked Xun first for suppressing the bandits. Gui E blocked full honors and granted only silver and silk. He died at eighty-seven.
49
呂經，字道夫，陜西寧州人。 正德三年進士。 授禮科給事中。 九年，乾清宮災，經上疏極論義子、番僧、邊帥之害。 屢遷吏科都給事中，復極論馬昂女弟入宮事，又劾方面最貪暴者四人。 群小鹹惡，遂謫蒲州同知。 又以事忤中官黃玉，誣劾系獄。
Lu Jing, styled Daofu, was from Ningzhou in Shaanxi. Jinshi of Zhengde year three. Made Rites supervising secretary. In year nine, when Qianqing Palace burned, Jing memorialized against adopted sons, Tibetan monks, and frontier commanders. Promoted to chief Personnel supervising secretary, he again protested Ma Ang's sister entering the palace and impeached the four greediest regional officials. Court favorites hated him and he was demoted to Puzhou assistant prefect. He again crossed eunuch Huang Yu, who framed him and had him jailed.
50
世宗即位，擢山東參政。 嘉靖十三年累官右副都御史，巡撫遼東。 故事，每軍一，佐以余丁三； 每馬一，給牧地五十畝。 經損余丁之二編入均徭冊，盡收牧地還官。 又役軍築邊墻，督趣過當。 諸軍詣經乞罷役，都指揮劉尚德叱之不退，經呼左右榜訴者。 卒遂爭毆尚德，經竄苑馬寺幽室中。 亂卒毀府門，火均徭冊，搜得經，裂其冠裳，幽之都司署。 帝詔經還朝。 都指揮袁璘將克諸軍草價為辦裝，卒復執經，裸而置之獄，虐辱之，脅鎮守中官王純等奏經十一罪。 帝逮經。 亂卒復置官校於獄，久之始解。 經下詔獄，謫戍茂州。 數年釋還。 隆慶初，復官，卒。 亂卒為曾銑所定，見《銑傳》。
On Shizong's accession he became Shandong vice commissioner. Jiajing year thirteen made him Liaodong grand coordinator, right vice censor-in-chief. By custom each soldier had three support men; each horse had fifty mu of pasture. Jing cut two-thirds of the support men into the corvée rolls and reclaimed all pasture to the state. He also forced soldiers to build the frontier wall and drove them too hard. Soldiers begged Jing to end the labor; Commander Liu Shangde shouted them down, and Jing had the petitioners beaten. The men brawled with Shangde; Jing hid in a Stud Farm Office back room. Mutineers smashed the yamen gate, burned the corvée register, seized Jing, stripped his robes, and held him at the regional command. The Emperor ordered Jing back to court. Commander Yuan Lin meant to withhold fodder pay for Jing's travel; the mutineers seized Jing again, stripped and jailed him, abused him, and forced eunuch Wang Chun to list eleven charges. The Emperor had Jing arrested. The mutineers jailed court officers too; they were freed only after a long while. Jing went to the imperial prison and was exiled to Maozhou. After several years he was freed. Early in Longqing he was restored to office and died. The mutineers were put down by Zeng Xuan—see his biography.
51
歐陽重，字子重，廬陵人。 正德三年進士。 殿試對策，歷詆闕政。 授刑部主事。 劉瑾兄死，百官往吊，重不往。 張銳、錢寧掌廠衛，連構搢紳獄，重皆力與爭。 銳等假他事系之獄，贖杖還職，仍停俸。 再遷郎中。 歷四川、雲南提學副使。 遷浙江按察使，未上。 嘉靖六年春拜右僉都御史，巡撫應天。 會尋甸土酋安銓、鳳朝文反，廷議以重諳滇事，乃改雲南。 初，武定土知府鳳詔母子坐事留雲南，朝文紿其眾，言詔已戮，官軍將盡滅其部黨，以故諸蠻悉從為亂，攻圍會城。 重督兵擊敗之，而遣詔母子還故地。 其黨愕，相率歸之。 朝文計窮，絕普渡河走。 追兵至，殲焉。 銓逃尋甸故巢。 官軍攻破其砦，執銓，賊盡平。 乃散其黨二萬人，遷尋甸府於鳳梧山下，更設守禦千戶所。 重推功於前撫臣傅習，並進秩任子。 緬甸、木邦、隴川、孟密、孟養諸酋相仇殺，各訐奏於朝，下重等勘覆。 遣參政王汝舟、知府嚴時泰等遍歷諸蠻，譬以禍福。 皆還侵地，供貢如故。 重列善後數事，悉報可，賜璽書褒諭。 重乃恤創殘，振貧乏，輕徭賦，規畫鹽鐵商稅、屯田諸務。 民鹹便之。
Ouyang Zhong, styled Zizhong, was from Luling. Jinshi of Zhengde year three. In the palace exam he denounced court failings point by point. Made a Justice secretary. When Liu Jin's brother died, officials mourned; Zhong refused. Zhang Rui and Qian Ning ran the secret police and framed officials; Zhong fought them each time. They jailed him on other charges; he paid a fine, returned to office, but salary stayed cut. Promoted to director. He served as education vice commissioner in Sichuan and Yunnan. Transferred to Zhejiang intendant, he had not yet reported. Spring of Jiajing year six made him Yingtian grand coordinator, right assistant censor-in-chief. When Xundian chiefs An Quan and Feng Chaowen rebelled, the court sent Zhong to Yunnan for his local knowledge. Wuding prefect Feng Zhao and his mother had been detained in Yunnan; Chaowen lied that Zhao was dead and troops would wipe out their band, so the tribes rebelled and besieged the capital. Zhong defeated them and sent Zhao and his mother home. Their followers, astonished, returned in droves. Chaowen, desperate, fled across the Pudu River. Pursuers caught and destroyed him. Quan fled to his old Xundian stronghold. Government troops stormed his stockade, captured Quan, and ended the rebellion. They dispersed twenty thousand followers, moved Xundian prefecture below Fengwu Mountain, and set up a defense garrison. Zhong gave credit to former coordinator Fu Xi; both were promoted and sons granted office. Burma, Mong Yang, Longchuan, Meng Mi, and Meng Yang chiefs feuded and sued one another at court; Zhong was ordered to investigate. He sent Vice Commissioner Wang Ruzhou, Prefect Yan Shitai, and others among the tribes to warn them of consequences. All returned seized lands and resumed tribute. Zhong proposed follow-up measures; all were approved and he received an imperial commendation. Zhong then relieved the wounded and poor, cut taxes and corvée, and reorganized salt, iron, trade taxes, and garrison farms. The people welcomed it.
52
雲南歲貢金千兩，費不貲。 大理太和蒼山產奇石，鎮守中官遣軍匠攻鑿。 山崩，壓死無算。 重皆疏罷之，浮費大省。 當是時，鎮守太監杜唐、黔國公沐紹勛相比為奸利，長吏不敢問，群盜由此起。 重疏言：盜率唐、紹勛莊戶，請究主者。 又奏紹勛任千戶何經廣誘奸人，奪民產； 唐役占官軍，歲取財萬計。 因極言鎮守中官宜革。 帝頗納其言，頻下詔飭紹勛，命唐還京待勘。 二人懼且怒，遣人結張璁，謀去重。 會重奉命清異姓冒軍弊，都司久未報，給餉後期。 唐等遂嗾六衛軍嘩於軍門。 巡按御史劉臬以聞。 劾重及唐、紹勛處置失當。 璁從中主之，解重職，責臬黨庇，調外任，唐、紹勛不問。 都給事中夏言等抗章曰：「以軍士噪罪撫、按，紀綱謂何？ 況重奉詔非生事。 臬言唐、紹勛罪與重等，今處分失宜，無以服天下。 頃年士卒驕悍，相效成風，類以月糧借口。 如甘肅、大同、福州、保定，事變屢見。 失今不治，他日當事之臣以此為諱，專務姑息，孰肯為陛下任事哉！ 願曲宥二臣，全朝廷之體。」 帝怒，奪言等俸。 重罷歸在道，聞御史王化劾其為桂萼黨，不勝忿，抗疏陳辨，請錄「大禮」大獄被逐諸臣，而自乞褫職。 又言得紹勛所遣百戶丁鎮私書，知行賄張璁，乞其覆護； 璁奸佞，不宜在左右。 璁疏辨。 帝以重失職怨望，黜為民。 重以臬被謫，言等奪俸，皆由己致之，復疏乞重譴代言官罪。 帝益怒，以已除名，置不問。 重家居二十余年，言者屢薦，竟不復召。
Yunnan's annual gold tribute of one thousand taels cost a fortune. Cangshan in Dali produced strange stones; the frontier eunuch sent soldiers and artisans to quarry them. The mountain collapsed and countless workers died. Zhong stopped it all by memorial and cut waste sharply. Frontier eunuch Du Tang and Duke Mu Shaoxun colluded for profit; officials dared not act, and banditry spread. Zhong wrote: bandits were mostly tenants of Tang and Shaoxun—investigate their masters. He also charged Shaoxun's commander He Jingguang with luring ruffians and seizing property; Tang conscripted soldiers and took tens of thousands yearly. He argued strongly to abolish frontier eunuchs. The Emperor largely agreed, admonished Shaoxun, and recalled Tang for investigation. The two, fearful and angry, allied with Zhang Cong to remove Zhong. As Zhong purged false military registration, the regional command delayed reports and pay. Tang incited six guard armies to riot at the military gate. Touring censor Liu Nie reported it. He impeached Zhong, Tang, and Shaoxun for mishandling it. Cong backed the ruling; Zhong was removed, Nie was punished for partiality and transferred out, and Tang and Shaoxun went free. Chief supervising secretary Xia Yan protested: "Punishing the coordinator and censor because soldiers rioted—what becomes of discipline? Moreover Zhong acted under imperial order, not on his own. Nie said Tang and Shaoxun were equally guilty, yet the ruling satisfies no one. Lately soldiers have grown bold and copy one another, often using pay as a pretext. Gansu, Datong, Fuzhou, and Baoding have seen repeated mutinies. If this stands, future officials will only indulge—who will serve Your Majesty faithfully? Spare the two officials to preserve the court's dignity. The Emperor was furious and cut Yan's salary. Dismissed and homeward, Zhong heard Censor Wang Hua call him Gui E's follower; enraged, he defended himself, asked to restore Great Rites exiles, and begged dismissal. He also produced a letter from Shaoxun's commander Ding Zhen bribing Zhang Cong for protection; Cong is treacherous and should not stay at court. Cong defended himself. The Emperor, saying Zhong resented dismissal, reduced him to commoner. Because Nie was demoted and Yan lost salary through him, Zhong begged harsh punishment for himself instead of the censors. The Emperor grew angrier; already disgraced, Zhong was ignored. At home twenty years he was repeatedly recommended but never recalled.
53
朱裳，字公垂，沙河人。 年十四為諸生，讀書黌舍，躬執爨。 提學御史顧潛俾受學於崔銑。 登正德九年進士，擢御史，巡鹽河南。 錢寧遣人牟鹽利，裳禁不予。 巡按山東。 前御史王相忤鎮守中官黎監，被誣下詔獄。 裳抗疏直相，劾監八罪。 帝還自宣府，裳請下罪己詔，新庶政，以結人心。 不報。 山東大水，淹城武、單二城。 以裳言，命相地改築。 帝幸南都久，裳極陳小人熒惑之害。 出為鞏昌知府。 嘉靖二年舉治行卓異，遷浙江副使。 日啜菜羹，妻操井臼，迎父就養。 同列知其貧，制衣一襲為壽，父亦拒不納。 三遷至浙江左布政使，以右副都御史總理河道，數條上方略。 外艱歸，久不起。 帝南巡，謁行在，命以故官總理河道。 迎章聖太后梓宮，冒暑卒。 隆慶中，追贈戶部右侍郎，謚端簡。
Zhu Chang, styled Gongchui, was from Shahe. At fourteen he was a student, studying and cooking for himself. Education intendant Gu Qian placed him under Cui Min. Jinshi of Zhengde year nine, he became censor inspecting Henan salt. Qian Ning's men sought salt profits; Chang refused. He toured Shandong as censor. Former censor Wang Xiang had offended eunuch Li Jian and was falsely jailed. Chang vindicated Xiang and impeached Jian on eight counts. When the Emperor returned from Xuanfu, Chang urged a self-reproach edict and new policies to win hearts. No answer came. Shandong floods submerged Wucheng and Shanxian. On Chang's advice the court ordered both cities rebuilt on new sites. The Emperor lingered in the southern capital; Chang warned of petty men's corrupting influence. Posted as Gongchang prefect. Jiajing year two he was cited for outstanding rule and made Zhejiang vice commissioner. He ate plain broth daily; his wife ground grain; he brought his father to live with him. Colleagues made him a birthday suit; his father refused it. A third promotion made him Zhejiang left commissioner; as right vice censor-in-chief he supervised waterways and submitted many plans. He mourned his mother and long stayed out of office. During the southern tour the Emperor ordered him back to his old waterworks post. Escorting Empress Zhangsheng's coffin, he died in the heat. In Longqing he was posthumously revenue vice minister, posthumous name Duanjian.
54
嘉靖初，按四川。 請罷鎮守中官，不聽。 帝親鞫楊言，落其一指。 察大呼曰：「臣願以不肖軀易言命，不忍言獨死。」 帝目攝之，察不為動。 退具疏申理，且請下王邦奇於獄，直聲震朝野。 巡視京營，與給事中王科極陳武定侯郭勛貪橫狀。 擢南京太仆少卿。 疏辭，因請召前給事中劉世賢等二十余人。 帝怒，責以市恩要名，貶遠方雜職。 給事中王俊民、鄭一鵬論救，皆奪俸。 察補海陽教諭。 累遷山西左布政使，入為光祿卿。 十二年，以僉都御史巡撫南、贛。 居二年，乞休，因薦前都御史萬鏜、大理卿董天錫等十四人可用。 吏部請從其言。 帝奪部臣俸，責察徇私妄舉，斥為民。 察居官廉，既歸，敝衣糲食而已。
Early in Jiajing he inspected Sichuan as censor. He asked to abolish frontier eunuchs; the court refused. The Emperor personally tried Yang Yan and cut off a finger. Cha cried out: "Take my worthless life instead of Yan's—I cannot bear Yan dying alone. The Emperor glared; Cha did not flinch. He then memorialized in Yang's defense and demanded Wang Bangqi be jailed; his bold voice shook the realm. Inspecting the capital garrison with Wang Ke, he exposed Marquis Guo Xun's greed and arrogance. Promoted to Nanjing Court of Imperial Stud vice director. He declined the post and asked to recall former supervising secretary Liu Shixian and twenty others. The Emperor, calling it favor-currying, demoted him to a distant minor post. Wang Junmin and Zheng Yipeng defended him; all lost salary. Cha was posted as Haiyang instructor. He rose to Shanxi left commissioner, then Household director. Year twelve made him Nan and Gan grand coordinator, assistant censor-in-chief. After two years he retired and recommended fourteen men including Wan Yong and Dong Tianxi. Personnel asked to follow his recommendations. The Emperor cut Personnel's salary, called Cha partial, and expelled him as a commoner. Cha served with integrity; at home he wore rags and ate plain food.
55
孫懋，字德夫，慈溪人。 正德六年進士。 授浦城知縣，擢南京吏科給事中。 御史張經、寧波知府翟唐忤奄人被逮，懋偕同官論救。 織造太監史宣誣主事王鑾、知縣胡守約，下之詔獄。 懋言：「宣妄言禦賜黃棍，聽撻死官吏，脅主簿孫錦死，今又誣守職臣。 乞治宣罪，還鑾、守約故任。」 未幾，復偕諸給事言：「臣等屢建白，不擇可否，一概留中。 萬一奸人陰結黨類，公行阻遏，朝有大事，陛下不聞，大臣不知，禍可勝言！」 皆不報。 已，又劾罷鹽法侍郎薛章，請黜太仆少卿馬陟，留御史徐文華，召還謝遷、韓文、孫交、張原、周廣、高公韶、王思等，罷遊畋射獵，復禦朝常儀，還久留邊兵，汰錦衣冗官，諸疏皆侃侃。 江彬導帝巡幸。 懋言：「彬梟桀憸邪，挾至尊出居庸，無大臣保護，獨處沙漠將半載。 兩宮違養，郊廟不親，四方災異叠見，盜賊蜂起。 留彬一日，為宗社一日憂，乞立置重典。」 時中外章奏，帝率不省視。 規主闕者，往往得無罪。 一觸權幸，禍立至，人皆為懋危。 而彬方日侍帝娛樂，亦不之見也。 請回鑾，諫南幸，懋皆與。 宸濠反，帝在南都，懋從行。 請急定平賊功賞，既又數請還京，率同官伏闕，皆不省。
Sun Mao, styled Defu, was from Cixi. Jinshi of Zhengde year six. Magistrate of Pucheng, then Nanjing Personnel supervising secretary. Censor Zhang Jing and Ningbo prefect Zhai Tang offended eunuchs and were arrested; Mao joined colleagues in their defense. Weaving eunuch Shi Xuan framed chief secretary Wang Luan and magistrate Hu Shouyue and jailed them. Mao wrote: "Xuan falsely claimed imperial clubs, beat officials to death, drove clerk Sun Jin to suicide, and now frames dutiful men. Punish Xuan and restore Luan and Shouyue. Soon he joined colleagues: "We memorialize repeatedly, yet all papers are kept at the palace. If villains block the court while Your Majesty hears nothing—disaster follows! No answer came. He impeached Salt Law vice minister Xue Zhang, sought Ma Zhi's dismissal, kept Xu Wenhua, recalled Xie Qian, Han Wen, Sun Jiao, and others, ended hunting, restored court audience, recalled frontier troops, and cut Brocade Guard posts—all boldly argued. Jiang Bin led the Emperor on tours. Mao wrote: "Bin is a fierce villain who took the Emperor through Juyong without ministers, alone in the desert half a year. The Empress Dowagers went unfilially served, rites neglected, omens multiplied, bandits swarmed. Each day Bin remains is a day of peril—punish him at once. Memorials from court and country went unread. Those who admonished the throne often went unpunished. Touch the powerful and disaster struck; all feared for Mao. Bin daily amused the Emperor and never saw the memorial. He joined pleas for the Emperor's return and protests against the southern tour. When Prince Chen Hao rebelled the Emperor was in Nanjing; Mao followed. He urged reward for suppressing the rebels, repeatedly begged return to the capital, and knelt at the gate with colleagues—all ignored.
56
出為廣東參議，遷副使。 嘉靖四年，有錦衣官校偵事廣東，懋與按察使張祐疑其偽，執之。 事聞，逮下詔獄，謫藤縣典史。 屢遷至廣西布政使。 十六年入為應天府尹。 坐所進鄉試錄忤旨，致仕，卒。
Posted Guangdong vice commissioner, then promoted within the province. Jiajing year four, Brocade Guard officers came to Guangdong; Mao and Intendant Zhang You suspected impostors and arrested them. Reported, he was jailed and demoted to Teng County registrar. He rose to Guangxi administrative commissioner. Year sixteen made him Yingtian prefect. The provincial exam record he submitted offended the throne; he retired and died.
57
王儀，字克敬，文安人。 嘉靖二年進士。 除靈璧知縣。 以能，調嘉定。 七年擢御史，巡按陜西。 秦府豪占民產，儀悉奪還民。 延綏大饑，朝命陜西布政使胡忠為巡撫，儀論罷之。 已，巡按河南。 趙府輔國將軍祐椋招亡命殺人劫奪積十余年，莫敢發。 儀偕巡撫吳山奏之，奪爵禁錮。 會儀出為蘇州知府，甫三月，祐椋潛入都，奏儀捃摭，並訐都御史毛伯溫以私憾入己罪。 且言：「臣嘗建醮祈皇嗣，為知府王天民訕笑」，請並按問。 帝心知祐椋罪，而悅其建醮語。 為遣使覆按，解儀、伯溫任，下天民獄。 使者奏儀不誣，第祐椋罪在赦前，宜輕坐。 帝終憐祐椋愛己，竟復其爵，除儀名，伯溫、山、天民皆得罪。 終嘉靖世，多以誹謗齋醮獲重禍，由祐椋訐奏始。
Wang Yi, styled Kejing, was from Wen'an. Jinshi of Jiajing year two. Made magistrate of Lingbi. For competence transferred to Jiading. Year seven made him Shaanxi touring censor. Qin princes' powerful followers seized property; Yi returned it all. Yan-sui famine struck; the court named Hu Zhong coordinator; Yi demanded his removal. Later he toured Henan as censor. Zhao prince's assistant general You Liang recruited killers and plundered for ten years; none dared expose him. Yi and coordinator Wu Shan memorialized; You Liang lost his title and was confined. Three months into Yi's Suzhou prefecture, You Liang slipped into the capital and charged Yi with fabrication and accused Mao Bowen of bias. He also claimed Yi mocked his ritual prayer for an heir and asked for a full inquiry. The Emperor knew You Liang guilty but liked his prayer-for-heir story. He sent envoys to reinvestigate, removed Yi and Bowen, and jailed Tianmin. Envoys found Yi innocent but said You Liang's crime predated an amnesty. Pitying You Liang's devotion, the Emperor restored his title, disgraced Yi, and punished Bowen, Shan, and Tianmin. For the rest of Jiajing many were ruined for mocking ritual prayer—starting with You Liang's charge.
58
儀去蘇州，士民走闕下乞留，帝不許。 既而薦起知撫州。 蘇州士民復走闕下乞還儀，至再，不報。 歸訴於巡撫侯位。 位以聞，帝乃許之。 至則嘆曰：「蘇賦當天下什二，而田額淆無可考，何以定賦？」 乃履畝丈之，使縣各為籍。 以八事定田賦，以三條核稅課，徭役、雜辦維均。 治為知府第一，進浙江副使，飭蘇、松、常、鎮兵備。 時巡撫歐陽鐸均田賦，儀佐之，以治蘇者推行於旁郡。 坐與操江王學夔討賊敗績，停俸戴罪。 未幾，殪賊江中，進秩一等，遷山西右參政，分守冀、寧。 寇抵清源城，儀洞開城門，寇疑引去。 按行所部，築城郭，積糗糧，榆次、平定間遂皆有城。
When Yi left Suzhou, people begged at the gate to keep him; the Emperor refused. Later recommended, he became Fuzhou prefect. Suzhou people again begged at the gate for Yi's return; no answer. They appealed to coordinator Hou Wei. Wei reported it and the Emperor agreed. On arrival he said: "Suzhou pays a tenth of the realm's taxes, yet field rolls are chaos—how fix the levy? He measured every field and had each county keep registers. Eight rules fixed field levies, three rules verified taxes, and corvée was equalized. Top-ranked prefect, he became Zhejiang vice commissioner over Suzhou, Songjiang, Changzhou, and Zhenjiang defense. Coordinator Ouyang Duo equalized levies; Yi helped extend Suzhou's methods to neighboring prefectures. He and river controller Wang Xuekui failed against bandits and served with salary cut. Soon bandits were killed on the river; promoted one rank, he became Shanxi right vice commissioner defending Ji and Ning. Raiders reached Qingyuan; Yi opened the gates wide and they withdrew suspecting a trap. Touring his circuit he built walls and stored grain; Yuci and Pingding were walled.
59
二十一年擢右僉都御史，巡撫宣府。 冠入龍門，總兵官郤永等敗之。 儀進右副都御史。 尋以築邊垣，賚銀幣。 寇自萬全右衛入，遊騎犯完、唐。 奪俸二級。 考察拾遺，貶一官。 已，勘上失事罪，貶秩如初。 久之，除肅州兵備副使，協巡撫楊博徙哈密遺種於境外。 稍遷右參政，復拜右僉都御史，巡撫甘肅。 未行，俺答犯京師，詔儀馳鎮通州。 仇鸞部卒掠民貲，捕笞之，枷市門外。 鸞訴於帝，逮訊斥為民，卒。 隆慶初，子緘訟冤，復官賜恤。
Year twenty-one made him Xuanfu grand coordinator, right assistant censor-in-chief. Raiders entered Longmen; Commander Chi Yong defeated them. Yi became vice censor-in-chief. Soon he received silver and silk for building the frontier wall. Raiders entered from Wanquan Right Guard and harried Wan and Tang. Two ranks of salary were cut. Performance review demoted him one rank. Later investigation restored the original demotion level. Later made Suzhou military vice commissioner; with coordinator Yang Bo he moved Hami remnants beyond the border. Promoted to right vice commissioner, then Gansu grand coordinator, right assistant censor-in-chief. Before leaving, Altan threatened the capital; Yi was ordered to secure Tongzhou. Qiu Luan's troops plundered civilians; Yi beat them and caged them at the market gate. Luan complained; Yi was tried, expelled, and died. Early in Longqing son Jian cleared the injustice; office was restored and condolence granted.
60
緘，官按察使，分巡遼陽，以知兵名。
Jian, Liaodong intendant, was known for military skill.
61
王學夔，安福人。 正德時，以吏部主事諫南巡，跪闕下，受杖。 嘉靖初，奏請裁戚畹，又申救言官。 歷考功、文選郎中，廉謹為時所稱。 嘗撫治鄖陽。 有偽稱皇子者，諸司議用兵。 學夔曰：「妄豎子耳。」 密捕致之辟。 累遷南京吏、禮、兵三部尚書。 隆慶、萬歷間，存問者再。 年九十四卒。 贈太子少保。
Wang Xuekui was from Anfu. Under Zhengde, as a Personnel secretary he knelt at the gate protesting the southern tour and was beaten. Early in Jiajing he sought to cut imperial in-laws' privileges and defended censors. He served in Evaluation and Selection and was praised for integrity. He once pacified Yunyang. When a false imperial son appeared, offices debated sending troops. Xuekui said: "A deluded youth, nothing more. He secretly captured and executed him. He rose to Nanjing minister of personnel, rites, and war. Longqing and Wanli emperors inquired after him twice. He died at ninety-four. Posthumously Junior Mentor of the Heir Apparent.
62
曾鈞，字廷和，進賢人。 嘉靖十一年進士。 授行人。 擢南京禮科給事中。 時四方銀場得不償費，且為盜窟，鈞奏罷之。
Zeng Jun, styled Tinghe, was from Jinxian. Jinshi of Jiajing year eleven. Made a courier. Promoted to Nanjing Rites supervising secretary. Silver mines nationwide cost more than they yielded and bred bandits; Jun had them abolished.
63
鈞剛廉疾俗。 首劾罷參贊尚書劉龍。 已，劾翊國公郭勛、禮部尚書嚴嵩。 未幾劾工部侍郎蔣淦、延綏巡撫趙錦。 最後劾罷操江都御史柴經。 直聲震一時。
Jun was upright, incorrupt, and hated vice. He first impeached and removed participating minister Liu Long. Then he impeached Marquis Guo Xun and Rites Minister Yan Song. Soon he impeached Works vice minister Jiang Gan and Yan-sui coordinator Zhao Jin. Finally he impeached and removed river controller Chai Jing. His bold voice shook the age.
64
出為雲南副使。 兩司詣黔國公率廷謁，鈞始正其禮，且厘還所侵麗江民地。 遷四川參政。 黔寇亂，撫定之。 屢遷河南左布政使。 三十一年以右副都御史總理河道。 徐、邳等十七州縣連被水患，帝憂之，趣上方略。 鈞請浚劉伶臺至赤晏廟八十里，築草灣老黃河口，增高家堰長堤，繕新莊等舊閘。 閱數月，工成。 進工部右侍郎。 治河四年，入為南京刑部右侍郎。 久之，乞歸。 家居十余年卒。 贈刑部尚書，謚恭肅。
Posted Yunnan vice commissioner. Both commissions bowed at the Duke of Qian's court; Jun corrected the ritual and restored seized Lijiang land. Transferred to Sichuan vice commissioner. When Qian bandits rebelled he pacified them. He rose to Henan left administrative commissioner. Year thirty-one made him waterworks supervisor, right vice censor-in-chief. Xuzhou, Pei, and seventeen counties suffered floods; the Emperor urgently asked for plans. Jun proposed dredging eighty li from Liulingtai to Chiyan Temple, building the Caowan Old Yellow River mouth, raising Gaojia Weir's dike, and repairing sluices including Xinzhuang. Within months the work was done. Promoted to right Works vice minister. After four years on the river he became Nanjing Justice vice minister. Eventually he retired. At home ten years he died. Posthumously Justice minister, posthumous name Gongsu.
65
贊曰：鄭嶽等居官，歷著風操。 箴主闕，抑近幸，本末皆有可觀。 斤斤奉職，所至以治辦聞，殆列卿之良歟！ 唐胄論安南，切於事理。 歐陽鐸之均田賦，惠愛在民； 令久於其任，幾與周忱比矣。
The commentator says: Zheng Yue and the others repeatedly showed integrity in office. They admonished the throne and checked favorites—substance and detail alike commendable. Conscientious in duty, famed for effective rule wherever they served—perhaps among the finest vice ministers! Tang Zhou on Annam was sound in logic. Ouyang Duo's equalization of field levies benefited the people; had he served longer he might have rivaled Zhou Chen.