Volume 249 Biographies 137: Zhu Xieyuan, Li Yun, Wang Sanshan, Cai Fuyi

朱燮元〈（徐如珂劉可訓胡平表盧安世林兆鼎）〉李枟〈（史永安劉錫元）〉王三善〈（岳具仰等朱家民）〉蔡復一〈（沈儆炌）〉袁善周鴻圖段伯炌〈（胡從儀）〉

Zhu Xieyuan Sub-biographies: Xu Ruke, Liu Kexun, Hu Pingbiao, Lu Anshi, and Lin Zhaoding.〉 Li Zong Sub-biographies: Shi Yong'an and Liu Xiyuan.〉 Wang Sanshan Sub-biographies: Yue Juyang and others, and Zhu Jiamin.〉 Cai Fuyi Sub-biography: Shen Jingxian.〉 Yuan Shan, Zhou Hongtu, and Duan Bokan Sub-biography: Hu Congyi.〉

朱燮元，字懋和，浙江山陰人。萬歷二十年進士。除大理評事。遷蘇州知府、四川副使，改廣東提督學校。以右參政謝病歸。起陜西按察使，移四川右布政使。

Zhu Xieyuan, whose courtesy name was Maohe, came from Shanyin in Zhejiang. He received his jinshi degree in the twentieth year of the Wanli reign. He was first appointed a reviewing secretary in the Court of Judicial Review. He rose to serve as prefect of Suzhou and vice commissioner of Sichuan, and was later reassigned as educational intendant of Guangdong. While serving as right administration commissioner, he resigned citing illness and went home. He was recalled to serve as surveillance commissioner of Shaanxi, then transferred to be right administration commissioner of Sichuan.

天啟元年，就遷左。將入覲，會永寧奢崇明反，蜀王要燮元治軍。永寧，古蘭州地。奢氏，倮羅種也，洪武時歸附，世為宣撫使。傳至崇周，無子，崇明以疏屬襲，外恭內陰鷙，子寅尤驍桀好亂。時詔給事中明時舉、御史李達征川兵援遼，崇明父子請行，先遣土目樊龍、樊虎以兵詣重慶。巡撫徐可求汰其老弱，餉復不繼，龍等遂反。殺可求及參政孫好古、總兵官黃守魁等，時舉、達負傷遁。時九月十有七日也。賊遂據重慶，播州遺孽及諸亡命奸人蜂起應之。賊黨符國禎襲陷遵義，列城多不守。

In the first year of the Tianqi reign he was soon promoted to the left administration commissioner. He was on his way to the capital for an audience when She Chongming of Yongning rose in rebellion, and the Prince of Shu urged Xieyuan to take command of the troops. Yongning lay in what had once been the land of Lanzhou. The She were a Luoluo people who had submitted in the Hongwu era and for generations held the post of pacification commissioner. When the line reached Chongzhou, who had no son, Chongming inherited the post as a collateral kinsman. He was outwardly respectful but inwardly secretive and ruthless, and his son Yin was especially fierce, overbearing, and eager for rebellion. An imperial order then directed supervising secretary Ming Shiju and censor Li Da to levy Sichuan troops for Liaodong. Chongming and his son volunteered for the campaign and first sent the native chiefs Fan Long and Fan Hu ahead with troops to Chongqing. Grand Coordinator Xu Keqiu dismissed their old and weak soldiers, and when supplies again failed to arrive, Long and his men mutinied. They killed Keqiu along with Administration Commissioner Sun Haogu, Regional Commander Huang Shoukui, and others, while Shiju and Da escaped wounded. This took place on the seventeenth day of the ninth month. The rebels then seized Chongqing, and remnants from Bozhou together with fugitives and ruffians of every sort rose up in support. The rebel partisan Fu Guozhen stormed and captured Zunyi, and one city after another fell away.

崇明僭偽號，設丞相五府等官，統所部及僥外雜蠻數萬，分道趨成都。陷新都、內江，盡據木椑、龍泉諸隘口。指揮周邦太降，冉世洪、雷安世、瞿英戰死。成都兵止二千，餉又絀。燮元檄征石砫、羅綱、龍安、松、茂諸道兵入援，斂二百里內粟入城。偕巡按御史薛敷政、右布政使周著、按察使林宰等分陴守。賊障革裹竹牌鉤梯附城，壘土山，上架蓬蓽，伏弩射城中。燮元用火器擊卻之，又遣人決都江堰水註濠。賊治橋，得少息，因斬城中通賊者二百人，賊失內應。賊四面立望樓，高與城齊，燮元命死士突出，擊斬三賊帥，燔其樓。

Chongming assumed a royal title, established offices such as chancellor and the five ministries, and with his own troops and tens of thousands of frontier tribes marched on Chengdu along several routes. He captured Xindu and Neijiang and occupied every pass at Mubang, Longquan, and the like. Commander Zhou Bangtai went over to the enemy, while Ran Shihong, Lei Anshi, and Qu Ying were killed in battle. Chengdu had only two thousand soldiers, and provisions were again running out. Xieyuan called up troops from Shizhu, Luogang, Long'an, Songpan, Maozhou, and other districts, and brought in all grain from within two hundred li of the city. Together with Touring Censor Xue Fuzheng, Right Administration Commissioner Zhou Zhu, Surveillance Commissioner Lin Zai, and others, he divided the wall sectors among them for defense. The rebels advanced behind leather-covered bamboo shields and hook ladders, heaped up earthen mounds, roofed them with thatch, and shot into the city from hidden crossbows. Xieyuan beat them back with firearms and also had the Dujiangyan sluices opened to fill the moat. While the rebels were repairing bridges and catching their breath, he executed two hundred men in the city who had been in contact with the enemy, depriving the rebels of their inside help. The rebels built watchtowers on every side as tall as the wall itself. Xieyuan sent picked men in a sudden sortie, killed three rebel commanders, and burned the towers down.

既而援兵漸集。登萊副使楊述程以募兵至湖廣，遂合安綿副使劉芬謙、石砫女土官秦良玉軍敗賊牛頭鎮，復新都。他路援兵亦連勝賊。然賊亦愈增，日發冢，擲枯骸。忽自林中大噪，數千人擁物如舟，高丈許，長五十丈，樓數重，牛革蔽左右，置板如平地。一人披發仗劍，上載羽旗，中數百人挾機弩毒矢，旁翼兩雲樓，曳以牛，俯瞰城中，城中人皆哭。燮元曰：「此呂公車也。」乃用巨木為機關，轉索發炮，飛千鈞石擊之，又以大炮擊牛，牛返走，敗去。

Relief troops soon began to arrive in growing numbers. Yang Shucheng of Dengzhou-Laizhou brought levied troops into Huguang, joined forces with Liu Fenqian of Anzhou-Mianzhou and the Shizhu woman chieftain Qin Liangyu, defeated the rebels at Niutou Town, and recovered Xindu. Relief columns from other directions likewise won victory after victory. Yet the rebels grew stronger as well, opening graves day after day and flinging dry bones into the city. Suddenly a great uproar burst from the forest: several thousand men were pushing a structure like a boat, about ten feet high and five hundred feet long, with tier upon tier of towers, ox hides shielding both flanks, and planks laid level as a floor. A man with flowing hair and drawn sword stood at the top beneath feather banners, while several hundred men within bore repeating crossbows and poisoned bolts. Two cloud towers flanked the machine, oxen dragged it forward, and as it loomed over the walls the people in the city wept. Xieyuan said, "That is a Lord Lü assault tower. He then rigged great timbers into a catapult, wound the ropes, and hurled stones weighing a thousand jun at it; great guns were turned on the oxen as well, and when the beasts bolted the machine broke apart and the enemy fled.

有諸生陷賊中，遣人言賊將羅乾象欲反正。燮元令與乾象俱至，呼飲戍樓中，不脫其佩刀，與同臥酣寢。乾象誓死報，復縋而出。自是，賊中舉動無不知。乃遣部將詐降，誘崇明至城下。伏起，崇明跳免。會諸道援軍至，燮元策賊且走，投木牌數百錦江，流而下，令有司沈舟斷橋，嚴兵待。乾象因自內縱火，崇明父子遁走瀘州，乾象遂以眾來歸。城圍百二日而解。

A licentiate who had fallen into rebel hands sent word that the rebel commander Luo Qianxiang wished to defect. Xieyuan had them brought in together, called for wine in a guard tower, left Qianxiang's sword at his belt, and slept soundly beside him. Qianxiang swore to repay him with his life, then was lowered by rope and slipped back out. From that point on, nothing the rebels did escaped his knowledge. He then sent a subordinate to feign surrender and lure Chongming to the foot of the wall. Ambushers sprang up, but Chongming leapt clear and escaped. When relief armies from every direction arrived, Xieyuan judged that the rebels would flee. He cast hundreds of wooden markers into the Jin River to float downstream and ordered officials to sink boats, destroy bridges, and hold the troops in readiness. Qianxiang set fire inside the rebel lines; Chongming and his son fled toward Luzhou, and Qianxiang brought his men over to the government side. After one hundred and twenty days the siege was lifted.

初，朝廷聞重慶變，即擢燮元僉都御史，巡撫四川，以楊愈懋為總兵官，而擢河南巡撫張我續總督四川、貴州、雲南、湖廣軍。未至而成都圍解，官軍乘勢復州縣衛所凡四十余，惟重慶為樊龍等所據。其地三面阻江，一面通陸，副使徐如珂率兵繞出佛圖關後，與良玉攻拔之。崇明發卒數萬來援，如珂迎戰，檄同知越其傑躡賊後，殺萬余人。監軍僉事戴君恩令守備金富廉攻斬賊將張彤，樊龍亦戰死。帝告廟受賀，進君恩三官。燮元所遣他將復建武、長寧，獲偽丞相何若海，瀘州亦旋復。

When word of the Chongqing disaster reached the court, Xieyuan was at once promoted to vice censor-in-chief and made grand coordinator of Sichuan; Yang Yumei was appointed regional commander; and Zhang Woxu, grand coordinator of Henan, was made supreme commander over the armies of Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, and Huguang. Before they arrived the siege of Chengdu had been raised, and government troops used the momentum to recover more than forty prefectures, counties, and guard posts; only Chongqing remained in the hands of Fan Long and his followers. The city was penned in by rivers on three sides and open to land on one. Vice Commissioner Xu Ruke led troops around behind Fotuguan and, together with Liangyu, stormed and recovered it. Chongming sent tens of thousands of men to relieve the city. Ruke met them in battle and ordered Subprefect Yue Qijie to strike the rebel rear, killing more than ten thousand. Supervising Secretary Dai Jun'en ordered Garrison Commander Jin Fulian to attack and behead the rebel general Zhang Tong, and Fan Long also fell in battle. The emperor announced the victory at the ancestral temple and received congratulations, promoting Jun'en by three ranks. Other generals sent by Xieyuan recovered Jianwu and Changning, captured the false chancellor He Ruohai, and Luzhou was soon retaken as well.

先是，國禎陷遵義，貴州巡撫李枟已遣兵復之。永寧人李忠臣嘗為松潘副使，家居，陷賊，以書約愈懋為內應，事覺，合門遇害。賊即用其家僮紿愈懋，襲殺之，並殺順慶推官郭象儀等，再陷遵義，殺推官馮鳳雛。

Earlier, after Guozhen seized Zunyi, Guizhou Grand Coordinator Li Zong had already sent troops to recover it. Li Zhongchen of Yongning, a former vice commissioner of Songpan living at home, was caught up in the rebellion and wrote to arrange Yumei as an inside contact. When the plot was discovered, his entire household was put to death. The rebels then used his household servants to deceive Yumei, ambushed and killed him, and also killed Shunqing Magistrate Guo Xiangyi and others. They seized Zunyi again and killed Magistrate Feng Fengchu.

當是時，崇明未平，而貴州安邦彥又起。安氏世有水西，宣慰使安位方幼，邦彥以故得倡亂。朝議錄燮元守城功，加兵部侍郎，總督四川及湖廣荊、岳、鄖、襄、陜西漢中五府軍務，兼巡撫四川，而以楊述中總督貴州軍務，兼制雲南及湖廣辰、常、衡、永十一府，代我續共辦奢、安二賊。然兩督府分閫治軍，川、貴不相應，賊益得自恣。三年，燮元謀直取永寧，集將佐曰：「我久不得誌於賊，我以分，賊以合也。」乃盡掣諸軍會長寧，連破麻塘坎、觀音庵、青山崖、天蓬洞諸砦。與良玉兵會，進攻永寧。擊敗奢寅於土地坎，追至老軍營、涼傘鋪，盡焚其營。寅被二槍遁，樊虎亦中槍死。復追敗之橫山，入青崗坪，抵城下，拔之，擒叛將周邦太，降賊二萬。副總兵秦衍祚等亦攻克遵義。崇明父子逃入紅崖大囤，官軍蹙而拔之。連拔天臺、白崖、楠木諸囤，撫定紅潦四十八砦。賊奔入舊藺州城，五月為參將羅乾象所攻克。崇明父子率余眾走水西龍場客仲壩，倚其女弟奢社輝以守。初，賊失永寧，即求救於安邦彥。邦彥遣二軍窺遵義、永寧，燮元敗走之。總兵官李維新等遂攻破客仲巢，崇明父子竄深箐。維新偕副使李仙品、僉事劉可訓、參將林兆鼎等搗龍場，生擒崇明妻安氏、弟崇輝，寅、國禎皆被創走。錄功，進燮元右都御史。

At that time Chongming had not yet been subdued, and in Guizhou An Bangyan also rose in rebellion. The An had held Shuixi for generations. Pacification Commissioner An Wei was still a child, and Bangyan was able to raise rebellion on that account. The court recognized Xieyuan's merit in holding the city, promoted him to vice minister of war, and made him supreme commander of military affairs in Sichuan and in the five prefectures of Jing, Yue, Yun, Xiang in Huguang and Hanzhong in Shaanxi, while retaining him as grand coordinator of Sichuan. Yang Shuzhong was made supreme commander of Guizhou with authority also over Yunnan and eleven Huguang prefectures, replacing Woxu to deal jointly with the She and An rebels. But the two supreme commanders divided the theater and directed their armies separately; Sichuan and Guizhou failed to act in concert, and the rebels were left freer than ever. In the third year Xieyuan planned a direct strike on Yongning. He assembled his officers and said, "For a long time I have failed to bring the rebels to bay because we are divided while they are united. He then concentrated every army at Changning and in succession stormed the stockades at Matangkan, Guanyin'an, Qingshanya, and Tianpengdong. He joined forces with Liangyu and advanced on Yongning. He defeated She Yin at Tudikan, pursued him to Laojunying and Liangsanpu, and burned every rebel camp along the way. Yin took two spear wounds and fled; Fan Hu was shot and killed. He pursued and routed them again at Hengshan, entered Qinggangping, reached the walls, stormed the city, captured the turncoat Zhou Bangtai, and accepted the surrender of twenty thousand rebels. Vice Regional Commander Qin Yanzuo and others stormed and recovered Zunyi as well. Chongming and his son fled into the great stockade at Hongya, which government troops pressed hard and took. They stormed the stockades at Tiantai, Baiya, and Nanmu in turn and pacified the forty-eight stockades of Hongliao. The rebels fled into the old city of Linzhou, which Colonel Luo Qianxiang stormed in the fifth month. Chongming and his son led the survivors to Kebazhongba at Longchang in Shuixi and relied on his younger sister She Shehui to hold the position. As soon as the rebels lost Yongning they appealed to An Bangyan for aid. Bangyan sent two columns to probe Zunyi and Yongning, and Xieyuan defeated them and drove them back. Regional Commander Li Weixin and others then stormed the Kebazhong stronghold, and Chongming and his son fled into the deep ravines. Weixin, together with Vice Commissioner Li Xianpin, Secretariat Attendant Liu Kexun, Colonel Lin Zhaoding, and others, struck Longchang and took alive Chongming's wife of the An clan and his brother Chonghui; Yin and Guozhen were both wounded and fled. His achievements were recorded and Xieyuan was promoted to right censor-in-chief.

時蜀中兵十六萬，土、漢各半。漢兵不任戰，而土兵驕淫不肯盡力。成都圍解，不即取重慶；重慶復，不即搗永寧；及永寧、藺州並下，賊失巢穴，又縱使遠竄。大抵土官利養寇，官軍效之，賊得展轉為計。崇明父子方窘甚，燮元以蜀已無賊，遂不窮追。永寧既拔，拓地千里。燮元割膏腴地歸永寧衛，以其余地為四十八屯，給諸降賊有功者，令歲輸賦於官，曰「屯將」，隸於敘州府，增設同知一人領之。且移敘州兵備道於衛城，與貴州參將同駐，蜀中遂靖。而邦彥張甚。

At the time there were one hundred and sixty thousand troops in Sichuan, native and Han in equal numbers. The Han soldiers were poor fighters, while the native troops were arrogant and licentious and would not fight wholeheartedly. When the siege of Chengdu was lifted they did not at once move on Chongqing; when Chongqing was recovered they did not at once strike Yongning; and when Yongning and Linzhou both fell and the rebels lost their bases, they again let them escape into the distance. In general the native chiefs profited from keeping the rebels alive, government troops followed their example, and the rebels were able to maneuver at will. Chongming and his son were in desperate straits, but Xieyuan, believing Sichuan was already clear of rebels, did not pursue them to the end. With Yongning recovered, a thousand li of territory was brought under control. Xieyuan set aside the fertile lands for Yongning Guard and divided the remainder into forty-eight garrison colonies for surrendered rebels who had earned merit. They were to pay annual tax to the government as "garrison commanders," placed under Xuzhou Prefecture, with an additional subprefect appointed to oversee them. He also moved the Xuzhou military intendant to the guard city to be stationed together with the Guizhou colonel, and Sichuan was thereafter brought to peace. Yet Bangyan was growing ever more formidable.

四年春陷貴州，巡撫王三善軍沒。明年，總理魯欽敗於織金，貴州總督蔡復一軍又敗。廷臣以三善等失事由川師不協助，議合兩督府。乃命燮元以兵部尚書兼督貴州、雲南、廣西諸軍，移鎮遵義；而以尹同臯代撫四川。燮元赴重慶，邦彥偵知之。六年二月，謀乘官軍未發，分犯雲南、遵義，而令寅專犯永寧。未行，寅被殺，乃已。寅兇淫甚，有阿引者，受燮元金錢，乘寅醉殺之。寅既死，崇明年老無能為，邦彥亦乞撫，燮元聞於朝，許之，乃遣參將楊明輝往撫。燮元旋以父喪歸，偏沅巡撫閔夢得來代。

In the spring of the fourth year Guizhou fell, and Grand Coordinator Wang Sanshan's army was wiped out. The following year Grand Coordinator Lu Qin was defeated at Zhijin, and Supreme Commander Cai Fuyi's Guizhou army suffered defeat once more. Court officials attributed the defeats of Sanshan and the others to the Sichuan army's refusal to cooperate, and proposed merging the two supreme command headquarters. Xieyuan was then appointed minister of war with concurrent command over the armies of Guizhou, Yunnan, and Guangxi, and ordered to move his headquarters to Zunyi. Yin Tonggao was appointed grand coordinator of Sichuan in his stead. When Xieyuan set out for Chongqing, Bangyan learned of his movements through scouts. In the second month of the sixth year he planned to strike before government troops could move, sending separate columns against Yunnan and Zunyi while ordering Yin to assault Yongning alone. Before the plan could be executed, Yin was killed, and the scheme came to nothing. Yin was notoriously brutal and debauched. A woman named Ayin, having taken money from Xieyuan, killed him while he was drunk. After Yin's death Chongming was too old to carry on the fight, and Bangyan also petitioned for pacification. Xieyuan reported this to the court; when permission was granted, he sent Colonel Yang Minghui to negotiate terms. Xieyuan soon withdrew to mourn his father's death, and Pianyuan Grand Coordinator Min Mengde was sent to replace him.

先是，貴州巡撫王瑊謂督臣移鎮貴陽有十便，朝議從之。夢得乃陳用兵機宜，請自永寧始，次普市、摩泥、赤水，百五十里皆坦途，赤水有城可屯兵，進白巖、層臺、畢節、大方僅二百餘里。我既宿重兵，諸番交通之路絕，然後貴陽、遵義軍克期進，賊必不能支。疏未報，夢得召還，代以尚書張鶴鳴，議遂寢。鶴鳴未至，明輝奉制書，僅招撫安位，不雲赦邦彥。邦彥怒，殺明輝，撫議由此絕。鶴鳴視師年余，未嘗一戰，賊得養其銳。

Earlier, Guizhou Grand Coordinator Wang Jian had argued that moving the supreme commander's headquarters to Guiyang would offer ten advantages, and the court agreed. Mengde then laid out his plan of campaign, proposing to begin at Yongning, then advance through Pushi, Moni, and Chishui—one hundred fifty li of open road, with a walled city at Chishui suitable for encampment—from which Baiyan, Cengtai, Bijie, and Dafang lay only a little over two hundred li farther on. Once heavy forces were posted to sever the routes linking the various tribes, the armies of Guiyang and Zunyi could advance on schedule and the rebels would surely be unable to hold out. Before his memorial received a reply, Mengde was recalled and replaced by Minister Zhang Heming, and the plan was abandoned. Before Heming arrived, Minghui carried out the imperial decree by offering terms only to An Wei, with no mention of pardoning Bangyan. Enraged, Bangyan killed Minghui, and all talk of pacification came to an end. Heming oversaw the armies for more than a year without fighting a single engagement, allowing the rebels to recover their fighting edge.

崇禎元年六月，復召燮元代之，兼巡撫貴州，仍賜尚方劍。錄前功，進少保，世蔭錦衣指揮使。時寇亂久，裏井蕭條，貴陽民不及五百家，山谷悉苗仲。而將士多殺降報功，苗不附。燮元招流移，廣開墾，募勇敢；用夢得前議，檄雲南兵下烏撒，四川兵出永寧，下畢節，而親率大軍駐陸廣，逼大方。總兵官許成名、參政鄭朝棟由永寧復赤水。邦彥聞之，分守陸廣、鴨池、三岔諸要害，別以一軍趨遵義，自稱四裔大長老，號崇明大梁王，合兵十余萬，先犯赤水。燮元授計成名，誘賊至永寧，乃遣總兵官林兆鼎從三岔入。副將王國禎從陸廣入，劉養鯤從遵義入，合傾其巢。邦彥恃勇，擬先破永寧軍，還拒諸將，急索戰。四川總兵官侯良柱、副使劉可訓遇賊十萬於五峰山、桃紅壩，大破之。賊奔據山巔。諸將乘霧力攻，賊復大敗。又追敗之紅土川，邦彥、崇明皆授首，時二年八月十有七日也。捷聞，帝大喜。以成名與良柱爭功，賞久不行。

In the sixth month of the first year of Chongzhen, Xieyuan was recalled to replace him, appointed also grand coordinator of Guizhou, and again granted the imperial sword. His earlier achievements were recognized with promotion to Junior Guardian, and his heir was granted a hereditary post as commander in the Embroidered Uniform Guard. By then years of rebellion had left the countryside desolate; Guiyang held fewer than five hundred households, and the valleys and hills were inhabited entirely by Miao and Zhong tribesmen. Officers and soldiers frequently slaughtered surrendering tribesmen to claim credit for victories, and the Miao refused to submit. Xieyuan resettled refugees, opened new land for cultivation, and recruited bold fighters. Following Mengde's earlier plan, he ordered Yunnan troops to descend on Wusa and Sichuan troops to march from Yongning and take Bijie, while he personally led the main army to Luguang to threaten Dafang. Regional Commander Xu Chenming and Administrative Commissioner Zheng Chaodong advanced from Yongning and recovered Chishui. When Bangyan learned of this, he posted forces at the key passes of Luguang, Yachi, and Sancha, sent another column toward Zunyi, styled himself Great Elder of the Four Borderlands and proclaimed Chongming the Great Liang King, mustered more than one hundred thousand men, and struck first at Chishui. Xieyuan instructed Chenming to lure the rebels to Yongning, then sent Regional Commander Lin Zhaoding in through Sancha. Vice General Wang Guozhen entered from Luguang and Liu Yangkun from Zunyi, and together they stormed the rebel stronghold. Confident in his strength, Bangyan planned to smash the Yongning army first, then wheel about to face the other commanders, and pressed urgently for battle. Sichuan Regional Commander Hou Liangzhu and Vice Commissioner Liu Kexun met one hundred thousand rebels at Wufeng Mountain and Taohongba and routed them decisively. The rebels fled to the mountain crest and dug in. The generals pressed the attack through the fog and routed the rebels again. Pursuing them to Hongtuchuan, they defeated them once more; Bangyan and Chongming were both beheaded. This was the seventeenth day of the eighth month of the second year. When word of the victory reached the throne, the emperor was overjoyed. Because Chenming and Liangzhu quarreled over credit for the victory, rewards were long withheld.

烏撒安效良死，其妻安氏招故沾益土酋安遠弟邊為夫，負固不服。燮元乘兵威脅走邊，遂復烏撒。燮元以境內賊略盡，不欲窮兵，乃檄招安位，位不決。燮元集將吏議曰：「水西地深險多箐篁，蠻煙僰雨，莫辨晝夜，深入難出。今當扼其要害，四面叠攻，賊乏食，將自斃。」於是攻之百余日，斬級萬余。養鯤復遣人入大方，燒其室廬。位大恐，三年春，遣使乞降。燮元與約四事：一、貶秩，二、削水外六目地歸之朝廷，三、獻殺王巡撫者首，四、開畢節等九驛。位請如約，率四十八目出降。燮元受之，貴州亦靖。遂上善後疏曰：「水西自河以外，悉入版圖。沿河要害，臣築城三十六所，近控蠻苗，遠聯滇、蜀，皆立邸舍，繕郵亭，建倉廩，賊必不敢猝入為寇。鴨池、安莊傍河可屯之土，不下二千頃，人賦土使自贍，鹽酪芻茭出其中。諸將士身經數百戰，咸願得尺寸地長子孫，請割新疆以授之，使知所激勸。」帝報可。

When An Xiaoliang of Wusa died, his widow Lady An took Bian, younger brother of the former Zhanyi chieftain Anyuan, as her husband, and held out in stubborn defiance. Xieyuan used the army's momentum to intimidate Bian into flight and recovered Wusa. Believing the rebels within his territory were largely subdued and unwilling to press the war further, Xieyuan issued a summons offering terms to An Wei, who hesitated. Xieyuan assembled his officers and staff and said, "Shuixi is rugged country, riddled with bamboo-choked ravines; barbarian mists and driving rains blur day and night, and troops that push deep in may never get out. We should seize their vital points and press them from every side; once their food runs out, they will destroy themselves. They then besieged the rebels for more than one hundred days and took more than ten thousand heads. Yangkun sent men into Dafang again to burn their dwellings. Terrified, Wei sent envoys to sue for surrender in the spring of the third year. Xieyuan set four conditions: first, a reduction in rank; second, the surrender of the six mu territories beyond the river to the court; third, the head of whoever had killed the grand coordinator; and fourth, the opening of nine post stations including Bijie. Wei agreed to the terms and led the forty-eight mu out in surrender. Xieyuan accepted their surrender, and Guizhou was brought to peace. He then submitted a memorial on postwar arrangements, saying, "All of Shuixi beyond the river is now within the empire's borders. At key points along the river I have built thirty-six fortified posts, holding nearby tribal peoples in check while linking distant Yunnan and Sichuan. At each I have established lodges, repaired courier stations, and built granaries, so that rebels will not dare to raid across the border. The land along the river at Yachi and Anzhuang suitable for garrison settlement amounts to at least two thousand qing. Assigning men land to support themselves, the posts can produce their own salt, dairy, fodder, and thatch. Officers and soldiers who have fought through hundreds of battles all wish for even a small parcel of land to pass on to their descendants. I ask that newly pacified territory be granted to them as reward, so they know what they are fighting for. The emperor approved.

初，崇明、邦彥之死，實川中諸將功，而黔將爭之。燮元頗右黔將，屢奏於朝，為四川巡按御史馬如蛟所劾。燮元力求罷，帝慰留之。其冬討平定番、鎮寧叛苗，乃通威清等上六衛及平越、清平、偏橋、鎮遠四衛道路，凡一千六百餘里，繕亭障，置遊僥。貴陽東北有洪邊十二馬頭，故宣慰宋嗣殷地也。嗣殷以助邦彥被剿滅，乃即其地置開州，又奏復故施秉縣，招流民實之。

In fact the deaths of Chongming and Bangyan were chiefly the work of the Sichuan generals, yet the Guizhou commanders disputed the credit. Xieyuan leaned toward the Guizhou generals and repeatedly memorialized the court on their behalf, drawing impeachment from Sichuan Investigating Censor Ma Rujiao. Xieyuan pressed hard to resign, but the emperor reassured him and kept him at his post. That winter he suppressed the rebellious Miao of Dingfan and Zhenning, then opened roads through the six upper guards including Weiqing and the four guards of Pingyue, Qingping, Pianqiao, and Zhenyuan—more than sixteen hundred li in all—repairing barrier posts and establishing patrol stations. Northeast of Guiyang lay the twelve matou of Hongbian, formerly held by Pacification Commissioner Song Siyin. Siyin had been destroyed for aiding Bangyan; on his former lands they established Kaizhou, restored the old Shibing County, and resettled refugees there.

四年，阿迷州土官普名聲作亂，陷彌勒州曲江所，又攻臨安及寧州，遠近震動。巡撫王伉、總兵官沐天波不能禦，伉逮戍。燮元遣兵臨之，遂就撫。

In the fourth year the Amizhou chieftain Pu Mingsheng rebelled, seized Qujiang Post in Mile Prefecture, and attacked Lin'an and Ningzhou, sending shock through the region. Grand Coordinator Wang Kang and Regional Commander Mu Tianbo failed to repel him; Kang was arrested and banished to border service. Xieyuan sent troops against him, and he submitted to pacification.

龍場壩者，鄰大方，邦彥以假崇明。崇明既滅，總兵侯良柱欲設官屯守以自廣。而安位謂己故地，數舉兵爭，燮元不之禁。會燮元劾良柱不職；良柱亦訐燮元曲庇安氏，納其重賄。章下四川巡按御史劉宗祥。宗祥亦劾燮元受賄，且以龍場、永寧不置邑衛為欺罔。帝以責燮元，燮元乃上言：「禦夷之法，來則安之，不專在攻取也。今水西已納款，惟明定疆界，俾自耕牧，以輸國賦。若設官屯兵，此地四面孤懸，中限河水，不利應援，築城守渡，轉運煩費。且內激藺州必死之鬥，外挑水西扼吭之嫌，兵端一開，未易猝止，非國家久遠計。」帝猶未許。後勘其地，果如所議。論桃紅壩功，進少師，世蔭錦衣指揮使。一品六年滿，加左柱國。再議平賊功，世蔭錦衣指揮僉事。

Longchangba bordered Dafang; Bangyan had granted its use to Chongming. After Chongming's defeat, Regional Commander Hou Liangzhu proposed establishing official garrison farms to enlarge his own jurisdiction. An Wei, however, claimed it as his ancestral land and repeatedly sent troops to contest it; Xieyuan did not stop him. Meanwhile Xieyuan impeached Liangzhu for dereliction of duty. Liangzhu in turn accused Xieyuan of shielding the An clan and taking heavy bribes from them. The case was referred to Sichuan Investigating Censor Liu Zongxiang. Zongxiang also impeached Xieyuan for bribery and charged that his failure to establish counties and guards at Longchang and Yongning amounted to deception. The emperor rebuked Xieyuan, who replied, "The way to manage frontier peoples is to settle those who submit; it is not merely a matter of conquest. Shuixi has already submitted. We need only fix clear boundaries, let them farm and herd in peace, and collect the state's taxes. If we establish garrison farms, this territory is isolated on every side with a river running through the middle; relief would be difficult, and building fortifications to hold the crossings would make supply ruinously expensive. Moreover, it would provoke a fight to the death in Linzhou and raise Shuixi's fear that we mean to choke off their lifeline. Once fighting begins it will not easily stop—this is no sound long-term policy for the state. The emperor was still not persuaded. When the land was later surveyed, conditions proved exactly as he had argued. For his victory at Taohongba he was promoted to Junior Preceptor, and his heir was granted a hereditary post as commander in the Embroidered Uniform Guard. After six years in the first rank he was granted the additional title of Left Pillar of State. When his merit in pacifying the rebels was reviewed again, his heir was granted a hereditary post as assistant commander in the Embroidered Uniform Guard.

十年，安位死，無嗣，族屬爭立。朝議又欲郡縣其地，燮元力爭。遂傳檄土目，布上威德。諸蠻爭納土，獻重器。燮元乃裂疆域，眾建諸蠻。復上疏曰：

In the tenth year An Wei died without an heir, and his clansmen fought over the succession. The court again proposed converting the territory into regular prefectures and counties; Xieyuan argued forcefully against it. He then issued proclamations to the native chiefs, proclaiming the throne's authority and benevolence. Tribal leaders competed to submit their lands and present precious tribute. Xieyuan then partitioned the territory and established numerous tribal domains. He submitted another memorial, saying:

水西有宣慰之土，有各目之土。宣慰公土，宜還朝廷。各目私土，宜畀分守，籍其戶口，征其賦稅，殊俗內響，等之編氓。大方、西溪、谷裏、北那要害之地，築城戍兵，足銷反側。夫西南之境，皆荒服也，楊氏反播，奢氏反藺，安氏反水西。滇之定番，小州耳，為長官司者十有七，數百年來未有反者。非他苗好叛逆，而定番性忠順也，地大者跋扈之資，勢弱者保世之策。今臣分水西地，授之酋長及有功漢人，咸俾世守。虐政苛斂，一切蠲除，參用漢法，可為長久計。

In Shuixi there are lands held by the pacification commissioner and lands held by the various mu chiefs. The pacification commissioner's public lands should revert to the court. The private lands of the various mu should be assigned to separate guardians, their households registered and taxes collected, bringing foreign peoples within the fold and treating them as ordinary registered subjects. At the strategic points of Dafang, Xixi, Guli, and Beina, fortified garrisons would be enough to suppress any inclination to rebel. The southwestern frontier has always been wild country: the Yang rebelled at Bo, the She at Lin, the An at Shuixi. Dingfan in Yunnan is a small district divided among seventeen native prefects, and in several centuries none has rebelled. It is not that other tribes love rebellion while Dingfan is naturally loyal; large domains breed arrogance, while smaller holdings teach the strategy of preserving one's line. I have now divided Shuixi territory among tribal chiefs and meritorious Han officers, granting each a hereditary domain. Oppressive rule and harsh levies should be abolished entirely, with Han law applied where appropriate—this can serve as a lasting policy.

因言其便有九：

He then enumerated nine advantages:

不設郡縣置軍衛，因其故俗，土漢相安，便一。地益墾辟，聚落日繁，經界既正，土酋不得侵軼民地，便二。黔地荒確，仰給外邦，今自食其地，省轉輸勞，便三。有功將士，酬以金則國幣方匱，酬以爵則名器將輕，錫以土田，於國無損，便四。既世其土，各圖久遠，為子孫計，反側不生，便五。大小相維，輕重相制，無事易以安，有事易以制，便六。訓農治兵，耀武河上，俾賊遺孽不敢窺伺，便七。軍民願耕者給田，且耕且守，衛所自實，無勾軍之累，便八。軍耕抵餉，民耕輸糧，以屯課耕，不拘其籍，以耕聚人，不世其伍，便九。

First, by not imposing prefectures, counties, and military guards but respecting local customs, natives and Han can live in peace. Second, as land is opened and settlements multiply, fixed boundaries will prevent native chiefs from encroaching on civilian holdings. Third, Guizhou's poor soil has long depended on outside supply; now the frontier can feed itself and spare the cost of transport. Fourth, meritorious officers cannot all be paid in gold without draining the treasury, nor ennobled without devaluing honors; granting land costs the state nothing. Fifth, once holders inherit their lands, each will plan for the long term on his descendants' behalf, and rebellion will not arise. Sixth, large and small domains will support and check one another, making the frontier easy to keep quiet in peace and easy to control in crisis. Seventh, by training farmers, drilling troops, and displaying strength along the river, surviving rebel bands will not dare to probe the frontier. Eighth, soldiers and civilians who wish to farm will be given land to cultivate and defend, filling the garrisons without the burden of forced conscription. Ninth, soldiers will farm to cover their own rations and civilians will farm to deliver grain; garrison-farm quotas will govern cultivation without binding men to household registers, gathering settlers through farming without locking them into hereditary military households.

帝咸報可。無何，所撫土目有叛者，諸將方國安等軍敗，燮元坐貶一秩。已，竟破滅之。十一年春卒官，年七十三。

The emperor approved every proposal. Before long some of the native chiefs he had pacified rebelled. General Fang Guo'an and others suffered defeat, and Xieyuan was demoted one rank for his responsibility. In time he broke and destroyed them entirely. In the spring of the eleventh year he died in office at the age of seventy-three.

燮元長八尺，腹大十圍，飲啖兼二十人。鎮西南久，軍貲贖鍰，歲不下數十萬，皆籍之於官。治事明決，軍書絡繹，不假手幕佐。行軍務持重，謀定後戰，尤善用間。使人各當其材，犯法，即親愛必誅；有功，廝養不遺賞也。馭蠻以忠信，不妄殺，苗民懷之。初官陜西時，遇一老叟，載與歸，盡得其風角、占候、遁甲諸術。將別，語燮元曰：「幸自愛，他日西南有事，公當之矣。」內江牟康民者，奇士也，兵未起時，語人曰：「蜀且有變，平之者朱公乎？」已而果然。

Xieyuan stood eight feet tall with a girth of ten arm-spans and could eat and drink as much as twenty men. After long service in the southwest, military funds and commuted fines came to several hundred thousand taels a year, every penny of which he recorded for the government. He was clear and decisive in administration, handled endless military correspondence himself, and never leaned on staff assistants. On campaign he was deliberately cautious, fought only after careful planning, and was especially adept at employing spies. He assigned every man according to his talents; whoever broke the law was punished, even if he was a personal favorite— and whoever earned merit was rewarded, even the lowliest camp servant. He governed the tribes with loyalty and faith, did not kill indiscriminately, and won the affection of the Miao. Early in his career in Shaanxi he encountered an old man, brought him home in his carriage, and mastered wind-divination, celestial observation, Dunjia, and other such arts from him. As they were about to part, the old man told Xieyuan, "Take good care of yourself. When trouble one day stirs in the southwest, it will be you who must answer it. Mou Kangmin of Neijiang was an extraordinary man. Before the uprising had even begun he told people, "Sichuan is about to be thrown into turmoil—is it not Master Zhu who will restore order?" And so it proved.

魏忠賢逐楊漣，如珂郊餞之，忠賢銜甚。遷光祿卿，修公廨竣，疏詞無所稱頌。六年九月，廷推南京工部右侍郎，遂削籍。歸裏三月，治具飲客。頃之卒。崇禎初，以原推起用，死歲餘矣。尋錄破賊功，賜祭葬，進秩一等，官一子。

When Wei Zhongxian ousted Yang Lian, Ruke went out to the suburbs to give him a farewell feast. Zhongxian took deep offense. After Ruke was promoted to Minister of the Court of Imperial Entertainments and finished renovating the official offices, his memorial made no flattering mention of Zhongxian. In the ninth month of the sixth year the court nominated him for Right Vice Minister of Works in Nanjing, but instead he was struck from the official rolls. After returning home for three months, he set out a farewell feast for his guests. He died soon after. At the opening of the Chongzhen reign he was recalled on the strength of the earlier nomination, but by then he had been dead for more than a year. Shortly afterward his service in defeating the rebels was recognized with granted funeral honors, posthumous promotion of one rank, and an official appointment for one son.

劉可訓，澧州人。萬歷中舉鄉試。歷官刑部員外郎。天啟元年，恤刑四川。會奢崇明反，圍成都，可訓佐城守有功，擢僉事，監軍討賊。崇明走龍場壩，可訓督諸將進剿，功最多。總督朱燮元匯奏文武將吏功，盛推可訓，乃遷威茂兵備參議。崇禎元年，改敘瀘副使，仍監諸將軍。二年，與總兵侯良柱破賊十萬眾於五峰山，斬崇明及安邦彥。御史毛羽健言：「可訓將孤軍，出入蠻煙瘴雨者多年。初無守土責，因奉命錄囚，而乃見危授命，解圍成都，奏捷永寧，掃除藺穴，逆寅授首。五路大戰，十道並攻，皆抱病督軍，誓死殉國。畀以節鉞，誰曰不宜？」帝頗納其言。未幾，畿輔被兵，可訓率師入衛。三年五月恢復遵化，擢右僉都御史，巡撫順天、永平，督薊鎮邊務。兵部尚書梁廷棟囑私人沈敏於可訓，敏遂交關為奸利。御史水佳允劾可訓，落職歸。後敘四川平寇功，復官，世蔭錦衣千戶。未及起用，卒於家。

Liu Kexun was a native of Lizhou. During the Wanli reign he passed the provincial examination. He rose to the post of secretary in the Ministry of Justice. In the first year of the Tianqi reign he was sent to Sichuan on a judicial circuit to review criminal cases. Just then She Chongming rebelled and besieged Chengdu. Kexun distinguished himself in the city's defense, was promoted to assistant commissioner, and took charge of the army sent to suppress the rebels. Chongming fled to Longchangba. Kexun directed the generals in the pursuit and won the greatest share of the credit. Governor-General Zhu Xieyuan submitted a joint memorial on the achievements of civil and military officers, strongly praising Kexun, who was then appointed defense participation commissioner of Weimao. In the first year of the Chongzhen reign he was reassigned as vice commissioner of Xulu while continuing to supervise the generals. In the second year he and Regional Commander Hou Liangzhu routed one hundred thousand rebels at Wufeng Mountain and killed Chongming and An Bangyan. Censor Mao Yujian memorialized: "Kexun has commanded a lone army for many years, marching through tribal mists and malaria rains— he bore no original duty to defend the province, yet while on a judicial circuit he accepted peril as his charge, broke the siege of Chengdu, reported victory at Yongning, swept the rebels from their lair, and brought the rebel Yin to justice. In battles on five fronts and ten-pronged assaults alike, he directed the troops while sick and swore to die for the dynasty. Who could say he does not deserve the seal and battle-axe of supreme command? The emperor largely accepted the recommendation. Before long the capital region came under attack, and Kexun marched his troops north to its defense. In the fifth month of the third year, after recovering Zunhua, he was promoted to Right Vice Censor-in-Chief, appointed Grand Coordinator of Shuntian and Yongping, and charged with frontier affairs at Jizhou. Minister of War Liang Tingdong placed his man Shen Min with Kexun, and Shen proceeded to engage in collusive profiteering. Censor Shui Jiayun impeached Kexun, who was stripped of office and sent home. Later his service in pacifying the Sichuan rebels was recognized, his office was restored, and his heirs were granted hereditary enrollment as a commander in the Embroidered Uniform Guard. Before he could be recalled to service, he died at home.

胡平表，雲南臨安人。萬歷中舉於鄉，歷忠州判官。天啟元年秋，樊龍陷重慶，平表縋城下，詣石砫土官秦良玉乞師，號泣不食飲者五晝夜，良玉為發兵。巡撫朱燮元檄平表監良玉軍。會擢新鄭知縣，燮元奏留之，改重慶推官，監軍兼副總兵，盡護諸軍將。戰數有功，擢四川監軍僉事，兼理屯田。遷貴州右參議。崇禎元年，總督張鶴鳴言：「平表偏州小吏，慷慨赴義。復新都，解成都圍，連戰白市驛、馬廟，進據兩嶺，俘斬無算。奪二郎關，擒賊帥黑蓬頭，追降樊龍，遂克重慶。用六千人敗奢、安二酋十萬兵。請以本官加督師御史銜，賜之專敕，必能梟逆賊首獻闕下。」部議格不行，乃進秩右參政，分守貴寧道，蔭子錦衣世千戶。久之，擢貴州布政使。四年大計，坐不謹落職。十三年，督師楊嗣昌薦之，詔以武昌通判監標下軍事。嗣昌卒，乃罷歸。

Hu Pingbiao was a native of Lin'an in Yunnan. During the Wanli reign he passed the provincial examination and served as magistrate of Zhongzhou. In the autumn of the first year of the Tianqi reign, Fan Long captured Chongqing. Pingbiao was lowered by rope from the city wall and went to the native official Qin Liangyu of Shizhu to beg for troops. For five days and nights he wept without eating or drinking until Liangyu mobilized her forces. Grand Coordinator Zhu Xieyuan ordered Pingbiao to supervise Liangyu's army. When he was promoted to magistrate of Xinzheng, Xieyuan memorialized to keep him at his post, reassigned him as investigating secretary of Chongqing, and made him army supervisor and vice regional commander with authority over all the generals. After repeated victories he was promoted to Sichuan army-supervising assistant commissioner and given charge of garrison farms as well. He was transferred to Right Participation Commissioner of Guizhou. In the first year of the Chongzhen reign, Governor-General Zhang Heming memorialized: "Pingbiao is a minor official from a remote prefecture, yet he answered the call with heroic resolve. He recovered Xindu, broke the siege of Chengdu, fought successive battles at Baishi Post and Mabiao, seized Two Ridges, and took countless prisoners and heads. He stormed Erlang Pass, captured the rebel chieftain Hei Pengtou, pursued Fan Long until he surrendered, and finally recovered Chongqing. With six thousand men he routed one hundred thousand troops under the chieftains She and An. Grant him his present office with the additional title of army-supervising censor, invest him with a special commission, and he will surely bring the rebel chieftains' heads to the capital. The ministry rejected the proposal, but promoted him to Right Administration Commissioner with charge of the Guining circuit and granted his son hereditary enrollment as a commander in the Embroidered Uniform Guard. In time he was promoted to Administration Commissioner of Guizhou. At the grand evaluation in the fourth year he was dismissed for negligence. In the thirteenth year Supreme Commander Yang Sichang recommended him, and an edict appointed him subprefect of Wuchang to supervise the army under his command. When Sichang died, he was relieved of duty and sent home.

盧安世，貴州赤水衛人。萬歷四十年舉於鄉，為富順教諭。天啟初，奢崇明反，遣賊逼取縣印，署令棄城走。安世收印，率壯士擊斬賊。無何，賊數萬猝至，安世單騎鬥，手馘數人，詣上官請兵復其城。帝用大學士孫承宗言，超擢僉事，監軍討賊，屢戰有功。五年四月，總督朱燮元上言：「自遵義五路進兵，永寧破巢之後，大小數百戰，擒獲幾四萬人，降賊將百三十四人，招撫群賊及土、漢、苗仲二十九萬三千二百余人，皆監司李仙品、劉可訓、鄭朝棟及安世等功，武將則林兆鼎、秦翼明、羅象乾，土官則陳治安、冉紹文、悅先民等。」帝納之。安世進貴州右參議，遷四川副使、遵義監軍，功復多。崇禎初，予世蔭武職，進右參政。久之，解官，歸卒。

Lu Anshi was a native of Chishui Guard in Guizhou. In the fortieth year of the Wanli reign he passed the provincial examination and served as instructor of Fushun. At the beginning of the Tianqi reign, She Chongming rebelled and sent raiders to seize the county seal by force. The acting magistrate abandoned the city and fled. Anshi recovered the seal, rallied stalwart men, attacked, and killed the rebels. Before long tens of thousands of rebels arrived without warning. Anshi fought alone on horseback, personally severed several heads, and went to his superiors to beg for troops to recover the city. On the recommendation of Grand Secretary Sun Chengzong, the emperor promoted him directly to assistant commissioner to supervise the army against the rebels, and he distinguished himself in battle after battle. In the fourth month of the fifth year, Governor-General Zhu Xieyuan memorialized: "Since the five-route advance from Zunyi and the destruction of the rebel stronghold at Yongning, we have fought several hundred engagements, captured nearly forty thousand men, accepted the surrender of one hundred thirty-four rebel generals, and pacified more than two hundred ninety-three thousand rebels and native, Han, and Miao-Zhong groups. This was chiefly the work of the supervising officials Li Xianpin, Liu Kexun, Zheng Chaodong, and Anshi; among the military generals, Lin Zhaoding, Qin Yiming, and Luo Xiangqian; and among the native officials, Chen Zhian, Ran Shaowen, Yue Xianmin, and others. The emperor approved the memorial. Anshi was promoted to Right Participation Commissioner of Guizhou, then transferred to Vice Commissioner of Sichuan as army supervisor at Zunyi, where he won further distinction. At the opening of the Chongzhen reign he was granted hereditary military enrollment and promoted to Right Administration Commissioner. In time he resigned, returned home, and died there.

林兆鼎，福建人。天啟中，為四川參將，積功至總兵官，都督同知。崇禎三年，遣將討定番州苗，連破十余寨，擒其魁。四年，遣將討湖廣苗黑酋，攻拔二百余寨。加左都督，召僉南京右府。卒，贈太子少保。

Lin Zhaoding was a native of Fujian. During the Tianqi reign he served as assistant commander in Sichuan and, through accumulated merit, rose to regional commander and Vice Commissioner of the Military Commission. In the third year of the Chongzhen reign he sent generals against the Miao of Dingfan Prefecture, stormed more than ten stockades in succession, and captured their chieftain. In the fourth year he sent generals against the black Miao chieftains in Huguang and captured more than two hundred stockades. He was promoted to Left Commissioner-in-Chief and summoned to serve on the Nanjing Right Military Commission. He died and was posthumously granted the title Junior Mentor of the Heir Apparent.

李枟，字長孺，鄞人。曾祖循義，衡州知府。祖生威，鳳陽推官。枟登萬歷二十九年進士，授行人，擢御史。例轉廣東鹽法僉事，歷山東參議、陜西提學副使、山東參政、按察使。

Li Zong, styled Changru, was a native of Yin. His great-grandfather Xunyi served as Prefect of Hengzhou. His grandfather Shengwei served as investigating secretary of Fengyang. Zong passed the jinshi examination in the twenty-ninth year of the Wanli reign, was appointed a courier, and was promoted to censor. By regular rotation he was transferred to assistant commissioner for the Guangdong salt monopoly, then served successively as participation commissioner of Shandong, educational vice commissioner of Shaanxi, administration commissioner of Shandong, and surveillance commissioner.

四十七年秋，擢右僉都御史，巡撫貴州。貴州宣慰同知安邦彥者，宣慰使堯臣族子。堯臣死，子位幼，其母奢社輝代領其事。社輝，永寧宣撫奢崇明女弟也，邦彥遂專兵柄。會朝議征西南兵援遼，邦彥素桀黠，欲乘以起事，詣枟請行，枟諭止之。邦彥歸，益為反謀。枟累疏請增兵益餉，中朝方急遼事，置不問。

In the autumn of the forty-seventh year he was promoted to Right Vice Censor-in-Chief and appointed Grand Coordinator of Guizhou. An Bangyan, vice commissioner of the Guizhou pacification commission, was a clansman of Pacification Commissioner Yao Chen. When Yao Chen died, his son Wei was still a child, and his mother She Shehui assumed control of affairs. Shehui was the younger sister of Yongning Pacification Commissioner She Chongming, and Bangyan seized control of the army. When the court debated levying southwestern troops for Liaodong, Bangyan, who was by nature fierce and cunning, sought to use the occasion to rebel. He went to Zong to request the campaign, but Zong admonished him and refused. Bangyan returned home and redoubled his plans for rebellion. Zong repeatedly memorialized for more troops and supplies, but the court, preoccupied with Liaodong, ignored him.

會枟被劾，乃六疏乞休。天啟元年始得請，以王三善代。而奢崇明已反重慶，陷遵義，貴陽大震，枟遂留視事。時城中兵不及三千，倉庫空虛。枟與巡按御史史永安貸雲南、湖廣銀四萬有奇，募兵四千，儲米二萬石，治戰守具，而急遣總兵官張彥方，都司許成名、黃運清，監軍副使朱芹，提學僉事劉錫元等援四川。屢捷，遂復遵義、綏陽、湄潭、真安、桐梓。

When Zong came under impeachment, he submitted six memorials begging to retire. In the first year of the Tianqi reign his request was finally granted, and Wang Sanshan was appointed to replace him. But by then She Chongming had rebelled at Chongqing and captured Zunyi. Guiyang was thrown into alarm, and Zong remained in office to manage affairs. The city had fewer than three thousand troops, and the storehouses were empty. Zong and Touring Censor Shi Yong'an borrowed more than forty thousand taels from Yunnan and Huguang, recruited four thousand soldiers, stockpiled twenty thousand shi of rice, and prepared arms for defense. He then urgently dispatched Regional Commander Zhang Yanfang, Commanders-in-Chief Xu Chengming and Huang Yunqing, Army-Supervising Vice Commissioner Zhu Qin, Educational Assistant Commissioner Liu Xiyuan, and others to relieve Sichuan. After repeated victories they recovered Zunyi, Suiyang, Meitan, Zhen'an, and Tongzi.

二年二月，或傳崇明陷成都，邦彥遂挾安位反，自稱羅甸王。四十八支及他部頭目安邦俊、陳其愚等蜂起相應，烏撒土目安效良亦與通。邦彥首襲畢節，都司楊明廷固守，擊斬數百人。效良助邦彥陷其城，明廷敗歿。賊遂分兵陷安順平壩，效良亦西陷沾益，而邦彥自統水西軍及羅鬼、苗仲數萬，東渡陸廣河，直趨貴陽，別遣王倫等下甕安，襲偏橋，以斷援兵。洪邊土司宋萬化糾苗仲九股陷龍裏。

In the second month of the second year, when reports spread that Chongming had captured Chengdu, Bangyan seized An Wei and rebelled, proclaiming himself King of Luodian. The forty-eight branches and chieftains of other divisions, including An Bangjun and Chen Qiyu, rose in swarms to join him, and the native chief An Xiaoliang of Wusa entered into collusion as well. Bangyan first struck Bijie. Commander-in-Chief Yang Mingting held the city and killed several hundred of the attackers. Xiaoliang aided Bangyan in capturing the city, and Mingting was defeated and killed. The rebels then split their forces to capture Anshun Pingba. Xiaoliang marched west and took Zhanyi, while Bangyan personally led tens of thousands of Shuixi troops together with Luogui and Miao-Zhong across the Luguang River toward Guiyang. He separately sent Wang Lun and others through Weng'an to strike Pianqiao and sever the route of relief. Song Wanhua, native official of Hongbian, rallied nine Miao-Zhong bands and captured Longli.

枟、永安聞變，亟議城守。會藩臬、守令咸入覲，而彥方鎮銅仁，運清駐遵義。城中文武無幾人，乃分兵為五，令錫元及參議邵應禎、都司劉嘉言、故副總兵劉嶽分禦四門，枟自當北門之沖。永安居譙樓，團街市兵，防內變。學官及諸生亦督民兵分堞守。賊至，盡銳攻北城，枟迎戰，敗之。轉攻東門，為錫元所卻。乃日夕分番馳突，以疲官兵。為三丈樓臨城，用婦人、雞犬厭勝術。枟、永安烹彘雜鬥米飯投飼雞犬，而張虎豹皮於城樓以祓之，乃得施炮石，夜縋死士燒其樓。賊又作竹籠萬余，土壘之，高逾睥睨。永安急撤大寺鐘樓建城上，賊棄籠去，官軍出燒之。數出城邀賊糧，賊怒，盡發城外冢，遍燒村砦。又先後攻陷廣州、普定、威清、普安、安南諸衛。貴陽西數千里，盡為賊據。

When Zong and Yong'an heard of the uprising, they urgently planned the city's defense. The provincial officials and local magistrates had all gone to the capital for audiences; Yanfang was garrisoned at Tongren and Yunqing held Zunyi. With few officials left in the city, they divided their forces five ways: Xiyuan, Assistant Commissioner Shao Yingzhen, Director Liu Jiayan, and former Vice Commander Liu Yue each took one of the four gates, while Zong himself faced the main assault at the north gate. Yong'an manned the drum tower, mustered militia from the market districts, and guarded against mutiny within the walls. School officials and students likewise directed militia to hold assigned sections of the wall. The rebels arrived and concentrated their full force on the north wall. Zong met them in battle and drove them back. They then shifted to the east gate, where Xiyuan repulsed them. They then sent rotating parties day and night to harry the walls, trying to exhaust the garrison. They erected a tower three zhang high overlooking the city and employed women, chickens, and dogs in sorcery meant to overcome the defenders. Zong and Yong'an countered with their own rites: they cooked pork with beans and rice and fed it to chickens and dogs, hung tiger and leopard skins from the battlements to break the spell, and only then brought cannon and stones to bear. That night they lowered picked men by rope to burn the tower down. The rebels next built more than ten thousand bamboo cages, heaped earth around them, and raised structures higher than the parapets. Yong'an urgently had the great temple's bell tower dismantled and re-erected atop the wall. The rebels abandoned their cages and withdrew, and government troops sallied out to burn them. The defenders repeatedly sallied to cut off rebel supplies. The rebels in fury exhumed every grave outside the walls and burned villages and stockades across the countryside. They went on to capture in succession the guards at Guangzhou, Puding, Weiqing, Pu'an, and Annan. For thousands of li west of Guiyang, the entire region fell to the rebels.

初被圍，彥方、運清來救，敗賊於新添。賊誘入龍裏，二將皆敗，乃縱之入城曰「使耗汝糧」，城中果大困。川貴總督張我續、巡撫王三善擁兵不進，枟、永安連疏告急，詔旨督責之。會彥方等出戰頻得利，賊退保澤溪，乃遣裨將商士傑等率九千人分控威清、新添二衛，且乞援兵。賊謂城必拔，沿山列營柵隔內外，間旬日一來攻，輒敗去。副總兵徐時逢、參將範仲仁赴援，遇賊甕城河。仲仁戰不利，時逢擁兵不救，遂大敗，諸將馬一龍、白自強等殲焉，援遂絕。賊聞三善將進兵，益日夜攻擊，長梯蟻附，城幾陷者數矣。枟奮臂一呼，士卒雖委頓，皆強起斫賊，賊皆顛踣死城下。王三善屢被嚴旨，乃率師破重圍而進。十二月七日，抵貴陽城下，圍始解。枟乃辭兵事，解官去。三善既破賊，我續無寸功，乾沒軍資六十萬，言官交劾，解職候勘。

Early in the siege Yanfang and Yunqing marched to relieve the city and defeated the rebels at Xintian. The rebels lured them into Longli and routed both generals, then deliberately let them enter the city, saying, 'Let them eat up your grain.' The city was plunged into desperate famine. Governor-General Zhang Woxu of Sichuan and Guizhou and Grand Coordinator Wang Sanshan sat on their armies without advancing. Zong and Yong'an sent urgent memorial after memorial, and the throne repeatedly issued edicts pressing and rebuking them. Yanfang and his officers won repeated victories in the field, forcing the rebels back to Zexi. He then sent subordinate generals Shang Shijie and others with nine thousand men to hold Weiqing and Xintian, and pleaded for more reinforcements. Convinced the city must fall, the rebels strung camps and palisades along the mountains to seal it off. Every ten days or so they attacked, but each time were beaten back. Vice Commander Xu Shifeng and Commander Fan Zhongren marched to relieve the siege and met the rebels at the Wengcheng River. Zhongren's attack failed, and Shifeng held his men back without coming to his aid. The relief force was shattered; commanders Ma Yilong, Bai Ziqiang, and others were killed to the last man, and no further aid reached the city. Learning that Sanshan was about to march, the rebels redoubled their assaults day and night. Long ladders swarmed the walls like ants, and several times the city nearly fell. Zong flung up his arm and gave a great shout. Though the men were spent, every one of them roused himself to cut down the enemy, and the rebels fell in heaps beneath the wall. Rebuked again and again by stern edicts from the throne, Wang Sanshan at last led his army through the encircling lines and pressed forward. On the seventh day of the twelfth month he reached Guiyang, and the siege was finally broken. Zong then laid down his command, resigned his post, and left. Once Sanshan had broken the rebels, Woxu was found to have contributed nothing while embezzling six hundred thousand taels of military funds. Censorial officials impeached him in a flood of memorials, and he was stripped of office pending investigation.

我續，邯鄲人，刑部尚書國彥子。其後夤緣魏忠賢起戶部侍郎，進尚書，名麗逆案雲。

Woxu was a native of Handan and the son of Zhang Guoyan, Minister of Justice. He later climbed through Wei Zhongxian's patronage from Vice Minister of Revenue to full Minister, and his name was listed in the treasonous faction case.

方官廩之告竭也，米升直二十金。食糠核草木敗革皆盡，食死人肉，後乃生食人，至親屬相啖。彥方、運清部卒公屠人市肆，斤易銀一兩。枟盡焚書籍冠服，預戒家人，急則自盡，皆授以刀繯。城中戶十萬，圍困三百日，僅存者千余人。孤城卒定，皆枟及永安、錫元功。熹宗用都御史鄒元標言，進枟兵部右侍郎，永安太仆少卿，錫元右參政。及圍解，當再敘功，御史蔣允儀言安位襲職時，枟索其金盆，致啟釁。章下貴州巡按侯恂核，未報，御史張應辰力頌枟功。恂核上，亦白其誣。帝責允儀。

When the public granaries ran dry, a single sheng of rice fetched twenty taels of gold. Bran, seeds, bark, and rotted leather were consumed to the last scrap. People ate the flesh of the dead, then turned to eating the living, until even kin fed on one another. Soldiers under Yanfang and Yunqing openly slaughtered people in the markets, selling human flesh by the jin for one tael of silver. Zong burned all his books, robes, and official regalia, warned his household that if the worst came they must take their own lives, and gave each person a knife and a cord. A city of one hundred thousand households endured three hundred days of siege; barely more than a thousand souls survived. That the lone city held at last was owed entirely to Zong, Yong'an, and Xiyuan. Acting on Left Censor-in-Chief Zou Yuanbiao's recommendation, Emperor Xizong promoted Zong to Vice Minister of War, Yong'an to Vice Minister of the Imperial Stud, and Xiyuan to Right Assistant Commissioner. When the siege was lifted and rewards were due again, Censor Jiang Yunyi charged that when An Wei had succeeded to his chieftainship, Zong had demanded his golden basin and thereby provoked the rebellion. The case was referred to Guizhou Touring Censor Hou Xun for investigation. Before his report arrived, Censor Zhang Yingchen submitted a forceful memorial praising Zong's service. When Hou Xun's findings came in, they too cleared Zong of the charge. The emperor rebuked Jiang Yunyi.

初，永安遣運清往新添、平越趣援兵，懼其不濟，欲出城督之。錫元疑永安有去誌，以咨枟，枟止永安。及錫元當絕食時，議發兵護枟、永安出城，身留死守，永安亦疑錫元。而運清因交構其間，三人遂相失。永安詆錫元議留身守城，欲輸城於賊，枟亦與謀，兩人上章辨。吏部尚書趙南星、左都御史孫瑋等力為三人解，而言永安功第一，當不次大用；枟已進官，當召還；錫元已進參政，當更優敘。詔可之。然枟竟不召，錫元亦無他擢，二人並還裏。獨永安在朝，連擢太常卿、右僉都御史，巡撫寧夏，再以兵部右侍郎總督三邊，枟及諸將吏功，迄不敘。六年秋，御史田景新頌枟功，不納。

Early in the siege Yong'an had sent Yunqing to Xintian and Pingyue to hurry relief troops along. Fearing the effort would fail, he wanted to leave the city himself to direct it. Xiyuan suspected Yong'an meant to desert and told Zong, who forbade Yong'an to go. When Xiyuan was starving to death, he proposed sending troops to escort Zong and Yong'an out of the city while he stayed behind to die at his post. Yong'an, in turn, suspected Xiyuan. Yunqing meanwhile played them against one another, and the three men lost all trust in each other. Yong'an accused Xiyuan of pretending to stay and defend the city while plotting to hand it over to the rebels, and charged that Zong was party to the scheme. Both Xiyuan and Zong submitted memorials in their own defense. Minister of Personnel Zhao Nanxing, Left Censor-in-Chief Sun Wei, and others spoke forcefully in all three men's defense. They argued that Yong'an's merit ranked first and deserved exceptional promotion; that Zong, already promoted in rank, should be recalled to the capital; and that Xiyuan, already raised to assistant commissioner, should receive further preferential reward. An edict approved the recommendation. Yet Zong was never summoned, and Xiyuan received no further appointment. Both men went home. Only Yong'an remained at court, rising in quick succession to Vice Minister of Imperial Sacrifices, Right Vice Censor-in-Chief, Grand Coordinator of Ningxia, and finally Vice Minister of War and Governor-General of the Three Frontiers. The merits of Zong and the other officers and officials were never recorded at all. In the autumn of the sixth year Censor Tian Jingxin memorialized praising Zong's service, but the court took no notice.

崇禎元年，給事中許譽卿再以金盆事劾枟。帝召咨廷臣，獨御史毛羽健為枟解，吏部尚書王永光等議如羽健言，給事中余昌祚詆羽健曲庇。帝下川貴總督朱燮元等再核，羽健乃上疏曰：「安、奢世為婚姻，同謀已久。奢寅寇蜀，邦彥即寇黔，何用激變？當貴陽告急，正廣寧新破之日，舉朝皇皇，已置不問。後知枟不死，孤城尚存，始命王三善往救，至則圍已十月。安酋初發難，崇明欲取成都作家，邦彥欲圖貴陽為窟，西取雲南，東擾偏、沅、荊、襄，非枟扼其沖，東南盡塗炭。乃按臣永安不二三載躋卿貳，督師三邊，枟則投閑林壑，又以永安謗書為枟罪。案金盆之說發自允儀，當年已自承風聞，何至今猶執為實事？」貴州人亦爭為枟頌冤。燮元乃偕巡按御史越洪範交章雪其枉，枟事始白。

In the first year of the Chongzhen reign, Supervising Secretary Xu Yuqing again impeached Zong over the golden basin. The emperor called the ministers to consult. Only Censor Mao Yujian spoke in Zong's defense. Minister of Personnel Wang Yongguang and others agreed with Yujian, but Supervising Secretary Yu Changzuo accused Yujian of twisting the law to protect Zong. The emperor ordered Governor-General Zhu Xieyuan of Sichuan and Guizhou and others to reinvestigate. Yujian then submitted a memorial: 'The An and She clans have intermarried for generations and plotted together for years. When She Yin raided Sichuan, Bangyan raided Guizhou at the same time. What need was there to provoke them? When Guiyang cried out in desperation, Guangning had just fallen and the whole court was in uproar — yet the case was already dropped. Only later, when word came that Zong still lived and the besieged city still held, was Wang Sanshan ordered to the rescue — by which time the siege had already dragged on ten months. When the An chieftain first rebelled, Chongming meant to make Chengdu his capital and Bangyan meant to seize Guiyang as his stronghold, take Yunnan to the west, and ravage the regions of Bian, Yuan, Jing, and Xiang to the east. Had Zong not blocked their path, the whole southeast would have burned. Yet within two or three years Touring Censor Yong'an rose to vice-ministerial rank and became Governor-General of the Three Frontiers, while Zong was left idle in the hills — and Yong'an's slanders were counted as Zong's crimes. The golden-basin story came from Jiang Yunyi, who even then admitted it was hearsay. Why is it still treated as proven fact? People throughout Guizhou also rose up to proclaim Zong's innocence. Xieyuan and Touring Censor Zhao Hongfan then submitted joint memorials clearing the false charges, and Zong's name was at last restored.

九年冬，敘守城功，進一秩，賚銀幣。久之，卒於家。錫元，長洲人。崇禎中，任寧夏參政。

In the winter of the ninth year his merit in holding the city was recognized with a promotion of one rank and a gift of silver and silk. Many years later he died at home. Xiyuan was a native of Changzhou. Under the Chongzhen reign he served as Assistant Commissioner of Ningxia.

永安，武定人。共枟城守，功多。以在邊時建魏忠賢祠，後為御史寧光先論罷，不為人所重雲。

Yong'an was a native of Wuding. He defended the city alongside Zong and contributed greatly to its survival. Because he had erected a shrine to Wei Zhongxian while serving on the frontier, Censor Ning Guangxian later impeached him and had him removed from office. He was never held in much regard, it is said.

王三善，字彭伯，永城人。萬歷二十九年進士。由荊州推官入為吏部主事。齊、楚、浙三黨抨擊李三才，三善自請單騎行勘，遂為其黨所推。歷考功文選郎中，進太常少卿。

Wang Sanshan, styled Pengbo, was a native of Yongcheng. He received his jinshi degree in the twenty-ninth year of the Wanli reign. From a pushing-official post at Jingzhou he entered the Ministry of Personnel as a bureau director. When the Qi, Chu, and Zhe factions moved against Li Sancai, Sanshan volunteered to ride out alone on an inspection and thereby won the factions' backing. He rose through the Departments of Evaluation and Selection and was promoted to Vice Minister of Imperial Sacrifices.

天啟元年十月，擢右僉都御史，代李枟巡撫貴州。時奢崇明已陷重慶。明年二月，安邦彥亦反，圍貴陽。枟及巡按御史史永安連章告急，趣三善馳援。三善始駐沅州，調集兵食。已次鎮遠，再次平越，去貴陽百八十里，方遣知府朱家民乞兵四川。兵未至，不敢進。疏請便宜從事，給空名部牒，得隨才委任。帝悉報可。

In the tenth month of the first year of the Tianqi reign he was promoted to Right Vice Censor-in-Chief and appointed Grand Coordinator of Guizhou in Li Zong's place. By then She Chongming had already captured Chongqing. In the second month of the following year An Bangyan rebelled as well and besieged Guiyang. Zong and Touring Censor Shi Yong'an sent urgent memorial after memorial, pressing Sanshan to march to their relief. Sanshan first halted at Yuanzhou to assemble troops and provisions. He moved on to Zhenyuan, then to Pingyue — still one hundred and eighty li from Guiyang — and only then sent Prefect Zhu Jiamin to Sichuan to beg for troops. The Sichuan troops had not arrived, and he dared not advance. He memorialized for authority to act at his own discretion and received blank commission documents empowering him to appoint men as he saw fit. The emperor granted everything he asked.

至十二月朔，知貴陽圍益困，集眾計曰：「失城死法，進援死敵，等死耳，盍死敵乎？」乃分兵為三：副使何天麟等從清水江進，為右部；僉事楊世賞等從都勻進，為左部；自將二萬人，與參議向日升，副總兵劉超，參將楊明楷、劉誌敏、孫元謨、王建中等由中路，當賊鋒。舟次新安，抵龍頭營。超前鋒遇賊，眾欲退，斬二人乃定。賊酋阿成驍勇，超率步卒張良俊直前斬其頭，賊眾披靡。三善等大軍亦至，遂奪龍裏城。諸將議駐師觀變，三善不可，策馬先。邦彥疑三善有眾數十萬，乃潛遁，余賊退屯龍洞。官軍遂奪七里沖，進兵畢節鋪。元模、明楷連敗賊，其渠安邦俊中炮死，生獲邦彥弟阿倫，遂抵貴陽城下，賊解圍去。枟、永安請三善入城，三善曰：「賊兵不遠，我不可即安。」營於南門外。明日，破賊澤溪，賊走渡陸廣河。居數日，左右二部兵及湖廣、廣西、四川援兵先後至。

On the first day of the twelfth month, hearing that Guiyang's plight was worsening, he assembled his officers and said: 'If the city falls, we die by the law. If we march to its relief, we die by the enemy's hand. Death either way — so why not die fighting? He divided his force into three columns. Vice Commissioner He Tianlin and others would advance along the Qingshui River as the right wing; Assistant Commissioner Yang Shishang and others would come by Duyun as the left wing; he himself would lead twenty thousand men along the center, with Assistant Commissioner Xiang Risheng, Vice Commander Liu Chao, and commanders Yang Mingkai, Liu Zhimin, Sun Yuanmo, and Wang Jianzhong, to meet the enemy head-on. They traveled by boat to Xinan and reached Longtou Camp. Liu Chao's vanguard met the enemy. When his men wavered, he beheaded two of them and the line held. The rebel chieftain A Cheng was a fierce fighter. Chao sent the infantryman Zhang Liangjun straight at him; Zhang struck off his head, and the rebel ranks broke. Sanshan and the main force arrived, and they retook Longli. The generals urged halting to see how matters developed. Sanshan refused and spurred ahead. Bangyan, believing Sanshan commanded hundreds of thousands of men, slipped away in secret. The remaining rebels withdrew to Longdong. Government troops then took Qili Pass and pushed on to Bijie Station. Sun Yuanmo and Yang Mingkai routed the rebels in successive battles. The rebel leader An Bangjun was killed by cannon fire, and Bangyan's brother Alun was taken alive. They pressed on to Guiyang, and the besiegers broke off and withdrew. Zong and Yong'an invited Sanshan into the city. Sanshan replied: 'The rebels are still close — we cannot rest inside yet. He pitched camp outside the south gate. The next day they routed the rebels at Zexi. The enemy fled across the Luguang River. Within days the left and right columns arrived, followed in turn by relief forces from Huguang, Guangxi, and Sichuan.

三善以二萬人破賊十萬，有輕敵心，欲因糧於敵。舉超為總兵官，令渡陸廣，趨大方，搗安位巢，以世賞監之；總兵官張彥方渡鴨池，搗邦彥巢，以天麟監之。漢、土兵各三萬。別將都司線補袞出黃沙渡。克期並進。超等至陸廣，連戰皆捷，彥方部將秦民屏亦破賊五大寨，諸將益輕敵。邦彥先合崇明、效良兵誘官軍深入。三年正月，超渡陸廣，賊薄之，獨山土官蒙詔先遁，官軍大敗，爭渡河，超走免，明楷被執，諸將姚旺等二十六人殲焉。賊遂攻破鴨池軍，部將覃弘化先逃，諸營盡潰，彥方退保威清，惟補袞軍獨全。

Having smashed a hundred thousand rebels with only twenty thousand men, Sanshan grew overconfident and resolved to live off the enemy's grain. He made Liu Chao regional commander and ordered him to cross at Luguang, march on Dafang, and smash An Wei's stronghold, with Yang Shishang as overseer; Regional Commander Zhang Yanfang would cross at Yachi and strike Bangyan's base, overseen by He Tianlin. Each column had thirty thousand Han and native troops. A separate detachment under Regional Military Commissioner Xian Bugun would advance from Huangsha Crossing. All columns were to advance together on a set day. Chao's force reached Luguang and won every engagement. Yanfang's subordinate Qin Minping took five major rebel stockades as well, and the commanders grew even more dismissive of the enemy. Bangyan first joined Chongming's and Xiaoliang's forces to bait the government troops into a deep advance. In the first month of the third year Liu Chao crossed at Luguang. The rebels closed in; Meng Zhao, the native official of Dushan, bolted first. The government army was routed in the scramble to cross the river. Chao escaped, but Mingkai was taken, and twenty-six officers including Yao Wang were killed to the last man. The rebels then overran the Yachi force. Subordinate commander Qin Honghua fled first, and every camp collapsed. Yanfang withdrew to Weiqing; only Bugun's detachment came through unscathed.

諸苗見王師失利，復蜂起。土酋何中尉進據龍裏，而邦彥使李阿二圍青巖，斷定番餉道，令宋萬化、吳楚漢為左右翼，自將趨貴陽，遠近大震。三善急遣遊擊祁繼祖等取龍裏，王建中、劉誌敏救青巖。繼祖燔上、中、下三牌及賊百五十砦，建中亦燔賊四十八莊，龍裏、定番路皆通。三善又夜遣建中、繼祖搗楚漢八姑蕩，燔莊砦二百余，薄而攻之。賊溺死無算。萬化不知楚漢敗，詐降，三善佯許，而令諸將卷甲趨之。萬化倉皇出戰，被擒，邦彥為奪氣。群苗復效順，三善給黃幟，令樹營中。邦彥望見不敢出，增兵守鴨池、陸廣諸要害。

Seeing the imperial army defeated, the Miao tribes rose up everywhere once more. The tribal chieftain He Zhongwei seized Longli. Bangyan sent Li A'er to besiege Qingyan and sever the supply line to Dingfan, placed Song Wanhua and Wu Chuhan on the left and right, and marched on Guiyang himself. Shock spread through the region. Sanshan urgently sent Mobile Commander Qi Jizu to retake Longli, and Wang Jianzhong and Liu Zhimin to relieve Qingyan. Jizu burned the upper, middle, and lower Sanpai forts and a hundred and fifty rebel stockades. Jianzhong burned forty-eight rebel villages as well. The roads to Longli and Dingfan were cleared. That night Sanshan sent Jianzhong and Jizu against Wu Chuhan at Bagudang. They burned more than two hundred villages and stockades, then closed in for the assault. Countless rebels drowned. Unaware that Chuhan had already been defeated, Wanhua feigned surrender. Sanshan pretended to accept, then ordered his generals to march at once and seize him. Wanhua rushed out in panic to fight and was captured. Bangyan's morale collapsed. The Miao tribes submitted again. Sanshan issued yellow banners and had them raised in the camps. Bangyan saw the banners from afar and dared not venture out. He reinforced the strongpoints at Yachi, Luguang, and other key passes.

時崇明父子屢敗，邦彥救之，為川師敗走。總理魯欽等剿擒中尉，彥方亦追賊鴨池，而賊復乘間陷普安。總督楊述中駐沅州，畏賊。朝命屢趣，始移鎮遠。議與三善左，三善屢求退，不許。會崇明為川師所窘，逃入貴州龍場，依邦彥。三善議會師進討，述中暨諸將多持不可。三善排群議，以閏十月，自將六萬人渡烏江，次黑石，連敗賊，斬前逃將覃弘化以徇。賊乃柵漆山，日遣遊騎掠樵采者。軍中乏食，諸將請退師。三善怒曰：「汝曹欲退，不如斬吾首詣賊降！」諸將乃不敢言。三善募壯士逼漆山。緋衣峨冠，肩輿張蓋，自督陣，語將士曰：「戰不捷，此即吾致身處也。」旁一山頗峻，麾左軍據其顛。賊倉皇拔柵爭山，將士殊死戰，賊大敗，邦彥狼狽走。

Chongming and his son had been beaten again and again. Bangyan marched to their aid but was routed by the Sichuan forces and driven off. Grand Coordinator Lu Qin hunted down and captured He Zhongwei. Yanfang pursued the rebels at Yachi, but the enemy seized their chance and took Pu'an. Governor-General Yang Shuzhong stayed at Yuanzhou, afraid of the rebels. Only after repeated orders from court did he finally move forward to Zhenyuan. He and Sanshan were at odds in council. Sanshan repeatedly asked to be relieved, but was refused. Chongming, hard pressed by the Sichuan army, fled to Longchang in Guizhou and threw in his lot with Bangyan. Sanshan proposed a joint advance to crush them. Shuzhong and most of the generals objected. Sanshan overruled them all. In the intercalary tenth month he personally led sixty thousand men across the Wujiang and encamped at Heishi. He routed the rebels in successive battles and executed the earlier deserter Qin Honghua as a warning to the army. The rebels fortified Qishan and sent out raiding cavalry each day to prey on woodcutters and foragers. Provisions ran short, and the generals asked to pull back. Sanshan flared up: 'If you want to retreat, you might as well cut off my head and carry it to the rebels in surrender! After that the generals did not dare say another word. Sanshan recruited picked men and pressed the attack on Qishan. Dressed in scarlet robes and a high official's cap, borne in a litter under an open canopy, he took command in person and told his men: 'If we do not win today, this is where I die. He pointed to a steep hill nearby and ordered the left wing to take its crest. The rebels tore down their palisades in panic to fight for the hill. Officers and men battled with abandon. The enemy was routed, and Bangyan fled in disarray.

三善渡渭河，降者相繼。師抵大方，入居安位第。位偕母奢社輝走火灼堡，邦彥竄織金，先所陷將楊明楷乃得還。位窘，遣使詣述中請降。述中令縛崇明父子自贖，三善責並獻邦彥，往返之間，賊得用計為備。三善以賊方平，議郡縣其地，諸苗及土司咸惴恐，益合於邦彥。三善先約四川總兵官李維新滅賊，以餉乏辭。

Sanshan crossed the Wei River, and surrendering bands came in one after another. The army reached Dafang and took up quarters in An Wei's mansion. Wei fled with his mother She Shehui to Huozhuo Fort. Bangyan slipped away to Zhijin. Yang Mingkai, captured earlier, was at last able to return. Cornered, Wei sent envoys to Shuzhong to sue for surrender. Shuzhong demanded that Chongming and his son be bound and handed over as the price of pardon. Sanshan insisted Bangyan be delivered as well. While envoys shuttled back and forth, the rebels gained time to plot and prepare. Thinking the rebels nearly subdued, Sanshan proposed turning their lands into regular prefectures and counties. The Miao tribes and native chieftains were terrified and rallied to Bangyan in greater numbers. Sanshan had earlier arranged with Sichuan Regional Commander Li Weixin to finish off the rebels, but Weixin pleaded shortage of supplies and stayed away.

三善屯大方久，食盡，述中弗為援，不得已議退師。四年正月，盡焚大方廬舍而東，賊躡之。中軍參將王建中、副總兵秦民屏戰歿。官軍行且戰，至內莊，後軍為賊所斷。三善還救，士卒多奔。陳其愚者，賊心腹，先詐降，三善信之，與籌兵事，故軍中虛實賊無不知。至是遇賊，其愚故縱轡沖三善墜馬，三善知有變，急解印綬付家人，拔刀自刎，不殊，群賊擁之去。罵不屈，遂遇害。同知梁思泰、主事田景猷等四十余人皆死。賊拘監軍副使岳具仰以要撫，具仰遣人馳蠟書於外，被殺。

Sanshan remained encamped at Dafang until provisions ran out. Shuzhong sent no help, and at last he had no choice but to plan a withdrawal. In the first month of the fourth year he burned every building in Dafang and marched east. The rebels pressed close behind. Central Army Commander Wang Jianzhong and Vice Commander Qin Minping fell in battle. The government troops fought as they marched. At Neizhuang the rear guard was cut off by the enemy. Sanshan turned back to rescue them, but many of his men broke and ran. Chen Qiyu was a rebel agent who had earlier feigned surrender. Sanshan trusted him and took him into his councils on military affairs, so the enemy knew every detail of the army's condition. When they met the enemy, Qiyu deliberately spurred his horse and knocked Sanshan from the saddle. Realizing treachery was at hand, Sanshan quickly handed his seal of office to his attendants, drew his sword, and tried to cut his own throat—but failed to kill himself. A mob of rebels seized him and dragged him away. He cursed them to the end and refused to submit. They killed him. Vice Prefect Liang Sitai, Secretary Tian Jingyou, and more than forty others died with him. The rebels held Military Supervising Vice Commissioner Yue Juyang hostage to force negotiations. He managed to send a sealed dispatch out by courier, but was killed for it.

三善倜儻負氣，多權略。家中州，好交四方奇士俠客，後輒得其用。救貴陽時，得邸報不視，曰：「吾方辦賊，奚暇及此？且朝議戰守紛紛，閱之徒亂人意。」其堅決如此。然性卞急，不能持重，竟敗。先以解圍功，加兵部右侍郎，既歿，巡按御史陸獻明請優恤，所司格不行。崇禎改元，贈兵部尚書，世蔭錦衣僉事，立祠祭祀。九年冬，再敘解圍功，贈太子少保。

Sanshan was bold and unconventional, proud by nature, and full of stratagem. A native of Zhongzhou, he sought out remarkable men and wandering knights from every quarter—and later they always proved useful to him. While relieving Guiyang he received court bulletins and would not even open them. 'I am busy with the rebels,' he said. 'What time have I for this? Besides, court debate over war and defense goes back and forth endlessly. Reading that would only unsettle my men. Such was his resolve. Yet he was impetuous by nature and could not keep his head. In the end that cost him everything. He had earlier been promoted to Vice Minister of War for relieving the siege. After his death Touring Censor Lu Xianming petitioned for generous posthumous honors, but the responsible office refused. When the Chongzhen reign began he was posthumously made Minister of War, granted a hereditary post in the Embroidered Uniform Guard, and given a shrine for official sacrifice. In the winter of the ninth year his relief of the siege was honored again, and he was posthumously made Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent.

大方之役，御史貴陽徐卿伯上言：「邦彥招四方奸宄，多狡計。撫臣得勝驟進，視蠢苗不足平。不知澤溪以西，渡陸廣河，皆鳥道，深林叢箐，彼誘我深入，以木石塞路，斷其郵書，阻餉道，遮援師，則彼不勞一卒，不費一矢，而我兵已坐困矣。」後悉如其言。

During the Dafang campaign, Censor Xu Qingbo of Guiyang memorialized: 'Bangyan has gathered outlaws from every direction and relies on cunning stratagems. Our pacification commissioner, flush with victory, presses forward recklessly, treating these crude tribesmen as beneath serious concern. He does not see that west of Zexi, beyond the Luguang River, the trails are barely passable—narrow tracks through deep forest and thick bamboo. If they lure us in, then block the roads with timber and stone, cut our dispatches, sever our supply lines, and intercept our reinforcements, they will not need to commit a single soldier or loose a single arrow while our army sits trapped and helpless. Events later unfolded exactly as he had warned.

岳具仰，延安人。舉於鄉，歷瀘州知州、戶部郎中。貴州亂，朝議具仰知兵，用為監軍副使。內莊之敗，監軍四人，其三得脫還，惟具仰竟死。

Yue Juyang was a native of Yan'an. He passed the provincial examination and served as prefect of Luzhou and as a director in the Ministry of Revenue. When Guizhou erupted in rebellion, the court judged him skilled in military affairs and appointed him Military Supervising Vice Commissioner. At the defeat at Neizhuang there were four military supervisors. Three escaped; Juyang alone died.

田景猷，貴州思南人。天啟二年甫釋褐，憤邦彥反，疏請賫敕宣諭。廷議壯之，即擢職方主事。賊方圍貴陽，景猷單騎往，曉以禍福，令釋兵歸朝。邦彥不聽，欲屈景猷，日陳寶玩以誘之，不為動。賊乃留景猷，遣其徒恐以危禍，景猷怒，拔刀擊之，其人走免。羈賊中二年，至是遇害。具仰贈光祿卿，景猷太常少卿，並錄其一子。

Tian Jingyou was a native of Sinan in Guizhou. In the second year of Tianqi he had just entered office when, outraged by Bangyan's rebellion, he memorialized asking to carry an imperial edict into the field. The court admired his courage and immediately promoted him to secretary in the Bureau of Military Appointments. The rebels were besieging Guiyang. Jingyou rode alone into their camp, explained the consequences of rebellion and submission, and demanded they lay down their arms and return to allegiance. Bangyan refused to listen. Hoping to break his will, he daily displayed treasures and curios to tempt him. Jingyou would not budge. The rebels kept Jingyou captive and sent men to threaten him with death. Enraged, he drew his sword and struck at one of them; the man fled. He had been held captive among the rebels for two years. Now he was killed. Juyang was posthumously made Chamberlain for Attendants and Jingyou Vice Minister of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices; one son of each was granted office.

楊明楷者，銅仁烏羅司人。內莊之敗，明楷為中軍，免死。後從魯欽討長田賊，功最，終副總兵。

Yang Mingkai was a native of Wuluo Subprefecture in Tongren. At the defeat at Neizhuang he served as central army commander and survived. He later followed Lu Qin against the Changtian rebels, distinguished himself above all others, and eventually rose to vice commander.

朱家民，字同人，曲靖人。萬歷三十四年舉於鄉，為涪州知州。天啟二年官貴陽知府。奉三善命，乞援兵於四川，又借河南兵，共解其圍。乃撫傷殘，招流移，寬徭賦，遠邇悅服。丁父憂，奪情，擢安普監軍副使，加右參政。崇禎時，就遷按察使、左布政，以平寇功，加俸一級。久之，致仕歸，卒。自邦彥始亂，雲、貴諸土酋盡反，攻陷安南等上六衛，雲南路斷。其後路雖通，群苗猶出沒為患。家民率參將許成名等討平盤江外阿野、魯頗諸砦，於是相度盤江西坡、板橋、海子、馬場諸要害，築石城五，宿兵衛民。又於其間築六城，廨舍廬井畢備。群苗惕息，行旅晏然。盤江居雲、貴交，兩山夾峙，一水中絕，湍激迅悍，舟濟者多陷溺。家民仿瀾滄橋制，冶鐵為縆三十有六，長數百丈，貫兩崖之石而懸之，覆以板，類於蜀之棧，而道始通。

Zhu Jiamin, whose courtesy name was Tongren, came from Qujing. He passed the provincial examination in the thirty-fourth year of Wanli and served as prefect of Fuzhou. In the second year of Tianqi he was appointed prefect of Guiyang. At Sanshan's order he begged troops from Sichuan and borrowed forces from Henan as well, and together they broke the siege. He then tended the wounded, recalled displaced people, eased taxes and corvée, and won obedience from far and near. When his father died he was called back from mourning to serve, promoted to Anpu Military Supervising Vice Commissioner, and given the additional rank of Right Assistant Administrator. Under Chongzhen he was promoted in place to surveillance commissioner and Left Administrator, and his salary was raised one grade for pacifying the rebels. In time he retired and went home, where he died. From the moment Bangyan rebelled, the native chieftains of Yunnan and Guizhou rose together, seized the Upper Six Guards including Annan, and severed the road into Yunnan. The road was reopened later, but Miao raiders still haunted the region. Jiamin led Commander Xu Chengming and others to pacify the stockades of Aye, Lupo, and others beyond the Pan River. He then surveyed the key points along the river—Xipo, Banqiao, Haizi, and Machang—built five stone fortresses, and garrisoned them to protect the people. Between them he built six more towns, complete with offices, dwellings, and wells. The Miao tribes grew subdued, and travelers passed in safety. The Pan River marks the border of Yunnan and Guizhou. Two mountains face each other across a single torrent—swift, violent, and deadly to boatmen. Jiamin modeled his work on the Lancang Bridge: he forged thirty-six iron chains, each hundreds of feet long, anchored them through the cliff faces on both banks, and laid planks across them in the manner of Sichuan's plank roads. Only then did the route become passable.

蔡復一，字敬夫，同安人。萬歷二十三年進士。除刑部主事，歷兵部郎中。居郎署十七年，始遷湖廣參政，分守湖北。進按察使、右布政使，以疾歸。光宗立，起故官，遷山西左布政使。

Cai Fuyi, whose courtesy name was Jingfu, came from Tong'an. He received his jinshi degree in the twenty-third year of the Wanli reign. He was appointed a secretary in the Ministry of Justice, then rose to serve as a department director in the Ministry of War. He spent seventeen years in the ministry bureaus before being transferred to vice commissioner of Huguang with responsibility for Hubei. He was promoted to surveillance commissioner and Right Administration Commissioner, but retired home citing illness. After Emperor Guangzong ascended the throne, he was recalled to his former rank and appointed Left Administration Commissioner of Shanxi.

天啟二年，以右副都御史撫治鄖陽。歲大旱，布衣素冠，自系於獄，遂大雨。奢崇明、安邦彥反，貴州巡撫王三善敗歿，進復一兵部右侍郎代之。兵燹之余，鬥米值一金，復一勞徠拊循，人心始定。尋代楊述中總督貴州、雲南、湖廣軍務，兼巡撫貴州，賜尚方劍，便宜從事。復一乃召集將吏，申嚴紀律，遣總理魯欽等救凱裏，斬賊眾五百余。賊圍普定，遣參將尹伸、副使楊世賞救，卻之，搗其巢，斬首千二百級。發兵通盤江路，斬逆酋沙國珍及從賊五百。欽與總兵黃鉞等復破賊於汪家沖、蔣義寨，斬首二千二百，長驅織金。織金者，邦彥巢也，緣道皆重關疊隘，木石塞山徑，將士用巨斧開之，或攀藤穿竇而入。賊戰敗，遁深箐，斬首復千級。窮搜不得邦彥，乃班師。是役也，焚賊巢數十里，獲牛馬、甲仗無算。復一以鄰境不協討，致賊未滅，請敕四川出兵遵義，抵水西，雲南出兵沾益，抵烏撒，犄角平賊。帝悉可之。因命廣西、雲南、四川諸郡鄰貴州者，聽復一節制。

In the second year of the Tianqi reign he was appointed Right Vice Censor-in-Chief to govern Xunyang. During a severe drought he put on plain clothes and a simple cap and had himself bound in jail—and rain poured down. When She Chongming and An Bangyan rebelled, Guizhou grand coordinator Wang Sanshan was killed in defeat. Fuyi was promoted to Right Vice Minister of War to take his place. In the wake of war a peck of rice cost a tael of gold. Fuyi labored to attract settlers and comfort the people, and order at last returned. He soon replaced Yang Shuzhong as supreme commander over military affairs in Guizhou, Yunnan, and Huguang, while also serving as grand coordinator of Guizhou. He received the imperial sword and full authority to act at his discretion. Fuyi gathered his officers, tightened discipline, and sent Grand Coordinator Lu Qin to relieve Kaili, where they killed more than five hundred rebels. When rebels besieged Puding, he sent Commander Yin Shen and Vice Commissioner Yang Shishang to relieve the city. They drove the enemy off, stormed their stronghold, and took twelve hundred heads. He sent troops to reopen the Pan River road, killed the rebel chieftain Sha Guozhen, and cut down five hundred of his followers. Lu Qin and Regional Commander Huang Yue routed the rebels at Wangjiachong and Jiangyizhai, took twenty-two hundred heads, and swept on to Zhijin. Zhijin was Bangyan's stronghold. The route was barred by pass upon pass, with trees and stones choking the mountain paths. The troops hacked their way through with great axes or climbed vines and squeezed through crevices to get in. The rebels were beaten and fled into deep ravines; another thousand heads were taken. An exhaustive search failed to turn up Bangyan, and the army withdrew. In this campaign they burned rebel strongholds for dozens of miles and captured countless cattle, horses, armor, and weapons. Fuyi argued that because neighboring provinces had failed to coordinate, the rebels remained undefeated. He petitioned for Sichuan to march from Zunyi toward Shuixi and Yunnan from Zhanyi toward Wusa, so the armies could close on the rebels from both sides. The Emperor approved all of it. He also ordered the Guangxi, Yunnan, and Sichuan prefectures bordering Guizhou to come under Fuyi's command.

五年正月，欽等旋師渡河。賊從後襲擊，諸營盡潰，死者數千人。時復一為總督，而朱燮元亦以尚書督四川、湖廣、陜西諸軍，以故復一節制不行於境外。欽等深入，四川、雲南兵皆不至。復一自劾，因論事權不一，故敗。巡按御史傅宗龍亦以為言，廷議移燮元督河道，令復一專督五路師。御史楊維垣獨言燮元不可易，帝從之，解復一任聽勘，而以王瑊為右僉都御史，代撫貴州。

In the first month of the fifth year, Lu Qin and his forces turned homeward and crossed the river. Rebels struck from the rear; the camps broke and fled, and several thousand men were killed. Fuyi was supreme commander, but Zhu Xieyuan also held ministerial rank over the armies of Sichuan, Huguang, and Shaanxi—so Fuyi's authority did not extend outside Guizhou. Lu Qin had pushed deep into enemy country, but the promised troops from Sichuan and Yunnan never came. Fuyi submitted a self-accusation, blaming the defeat on divided command. Investigating censor Fu Zonglong made the same point, and the court moved Xieyuan to oversee the Grand Canal, leaving Fuyi in sole command of the five-route armies. Censor Yang Weiyuan alone argued that Xieyuan should not be moved. The Emperor agreed, relieved Fuyi pending investigation, and appointed Wang Yan Right Assistant Censor-in-Chief to replace him as grand coordinator of Guizhou.

復一候代，仍拮據兵事，與宗龍計，剿破烏粟、螺蝦、長田及兩江十五砦叛苗，斬七百余級。賊黨安效良首助邦彥陷沾益，雲南巡撫沈儆炌遣兵討之，未定，遷侍郎去。代者閔洪學，招撫之，亦未定。及是見雲南出師，懼，約邦彥犯曲靖、尋甸。復一遣許成名往援，賊望風遁。又遣劉超等討平越苗阿秩等，破百七十砦，斬級二千三百有奇。至十月，復一卒於平越軍中。訃聞，帝嘉其忠勤，贈兵部尚書，謚清憲，任一子官。

While awaiting his successor, Fuyi still wrestled with military affairs. Working with Fu Zonglong, he crushed rebel Miao stockades at Wusu, Luoxia, Changtian, and fifteen stockades in the Two Rivers region, taking more than seven hundred heads. The rebel An Xiaoliang had chiefly helped Bangyan capture Zhanyi. Yunnan grand coordinator Shen Jingxian sent troops against him but could not settle the matter before he was transferred away as vice minister. His successor Min Hongxue tried appeasement, but the situation remained unresolved. When they saw Yunnan mobilize, they grew afraid and joined Bangyan in an attack on Qujing and Xundian. Fuyi sent Xu Chengming to their aid, and the rebels fled at the first sign of his approach. He also sent Liu Chao and others against the Pingyue Miao chieftain A Zhi, destroying one hundred seventy stockades and taking more than twenty-three hundred heads. In the tenth month Fuyi died in camp at Pingyue. When news of his death reached the throne, the Emperor praised his loyalty and diligence, posthumously made him Minister of War, gave him the posthumous title Qingxian, and granted an office to one of his sons.

復一好古博學，善屬文，耿介負大節。既歿，橐無遺貲。

Fuyi was a lover of antiquity and a broad scholar, skilled with the pen, upright and possessed of great integrity. When he died, he left no money behind.

瑊既至，見邦彥不易平，欲解去。夤緣魏黨李魯生，遷南京戶部右侍郎。崇禎初，被劾歸。流賊陷應城，遇害。

Once Wang Yan arrived, he saw that Bangyan would not be easily subdued and wanted to quit the post. By currying favor with the Wei faction member Li Lusheng, he was transferred to Right Vice Minister of Revenue in Nanjing. Early in the Chongzhen reign he was impeached and sent home. When rebel armies took Yingcheng, he was killed.

沈儆炌，字叔永，歸安人。父子木，官南京右都御史。儆炌登萬歷十七年進士。歷河南左布政使，入為光祿卿。四十七年，以右副都御史巡撫雲南。神宗末，詔增歲貢黃金二千，儆炌疏爭。會光宗立，如其請。

Shen Jingxian, whose courtesy name was Shuyong, came from Guian. His father Zimu had served as Right Censor-in-Chief in Nanjing. Jingxian received his jinshi degree in the seventeenth year of the Wanli reign. He served as Left Administration Commissioner of Henan, then entered the capital as Director of the Directorate of Ceremonial. In the forty-seventh year he was appointed Right Vice Censor-in-Chief and grand coordinator of Yunnan. Near the end of Shenzong's reign, an edict raised the annual gold tribute by two thousand taels. Jingxian memorialized in protest. When Guangzong ascended the throne, he granted the request.

雲龍州土舍段進誌掠永昌、大理，儆炌討擒之。安邦彥反，諸土目並起。安效良陷沾益，李賢陷平夷，祿千鐘犯尋甸、嵩明，張世臣攻武定，邦彥女弟設科掠曲靖，轉寇陸涼。儆炌起故參將雲南人袁善，令率守備金為貴、土官沙源等馳救嵩明，大破之。賊轉寇尋甸，復大敗去。乃請復善故官，與諸將分討賊，數有功。會儆蠙遷南京兵部右侍郎，而代者閔洪學至，乃以兵事委之去。後拜南京工部尚書，為魏忠賢黨石三畏所劾，落職閑住。崇禎初，復官，卒於家。子允培，禮科都給事中。

Duan Jinzhi, native subprefect of Yunlong Prefecture, raided Yongchang and Dali. Jingxian captured him. When An Bangyan rebelled, the native chieftains rose together. An Xiaoliang took Zhanyi, Li Xian took Pingyi, Lu Qianzhong struck Xundian and Songming, Zhang Shichen attacked Wuding, Bangyan's younger sister Sheke raided Qujing, then turned to ravage Luliang. Jingxian restored the former vice commander Yuan Shan, a Yunnan man, and sent him with Garrison Commander Jin Weigui and native official Sha Yuan in a forced march to relieve Songming, where they inflicted a crushing defeat. The rebels turned on Xundian and were routed again. He then petitioned to restore Yuan Shan to his former rank and divided the generals into separate columns against the rebels, scoring repeated victories. When Shen Jingxian was transferred to Right Vice Minister of War in Nanjing and Min Hongxue arrived to replace him, he handed military affairs over and left. He was later appointed Minister of Works in Nanjing, but was impeached by the Wei Zhongxian partisan Shi Sanwei and dismissed to live at leisure. Early in the Chongzhen reign he was restored to office and died at home. His son Yunpei served as Chief Supervising Secretary in the Office of Rites.

洪學既至，亦任用袁善。賊陷普安，圍安南，善攻破之，通上六衛道。王三善之歿，六衛復梗，善護御史傅宗龍赴黔，道復通。已而敗安效良於沾益，又敗賊於炎方、馬龍。七年，御史朱泰禎核上武定、嵩明、尋甸破賊功，大小百三十三戰，斬四千六百余級，請宣捷告廟，從之。魏忠賢等並進秩，蔭子。善加都督同知，世蔭錦衣指揮僉事。崇禎初，卒官。

When Min Hongxue arrived, he too put Yuan Shan to use. When rebels took Pu'an and besieged Annan, Yuan Shan broke the siege and reopened the road to the Upper Six Guards. After Wang Sanshan's death the Six Guards were cut off again. Yuan Shan escorted Censor Fu Zonglong to Guizhou and reopened the road. He soon defeated An Xiaoliang at Zhanyi and routed rebels again at Yanfang and Malong. In the seventh year Censor Zhu Taizhen verified the victories at Wuding, Songming, and Xundian—133 battles in all, more than 4,600 heads taken—and petitioned to announce the victory and report it to the ancestral temples. The request was granted. Wei Zhongxian and his associates were all promoted and granted hereditary honors for their sons. Yuan Shan was promoted to Deputy Commissioner-in-Chief, with hereditary rank as Assistant Commander of the Embroidered Uniform Guard. Early in the Chongzhen reign he died in office.

周鴻圖，字子固，即墨人。起家歲貢生，知宿遷縣。以侯恂薦，遷貴陽同知，監紀軍事，積軍功至知府。會勻哈叛苗與邦彥相倚為亂。天啟六年春，巡撫王瑊及御史傅宗龍使監胡從儀及都司張雲鵬軍，分道搜山，所向摧破。會聞魯欽敗，賊復趨龍場助邦彥。已而邦彥屢敗，賊返故巢。鴻圖、從儀等攻之，破焚一百余寨，斬首千二百余級。鴻圖擢副使，分巡新鎮道；從儀進副總兵。當是時，鴻圖駐平越，轄下六衛，參議段伯炌駐安莊，轄上六衛。千餘里間，奸宄屏息，兩人力也。鴻圖終陜西參政。

Zhou Hongtu, whose courtesy name was Zigu, came from Jimo. He began as a tribute student and served as magistrate of Suqian County. On Hou Xiong's recommendation he was appointed Vice Prefect of Guiyang to oversee military affairs, and accumulated enough battlefield merit to become prefect. The Yunha Miao rebels had joined forces with Bangyan in rebellion. In the spring of the sixth year of Tianqi, Grand Coordinator Wang Yan and Censor Fu Zonglong oversaw columns under Hu Congyi and Regional Military Commissioner Zhang Yunpeng, scouring the mountains by separate routes and crushing every stronghold they found. When word came of Lu Qin's defeat, the rebels rushed to Longchang to reinforce Bangyan. Bangyan suffered defeat after defeat, and the rebels retreated to their old lairs. Hongtu, Congyi, and their men attacked them, burned more than a hundred stockades, and took more than twelve hundred heads. Hongtu was promoted to Vice Commissioner with responsibility for the new frontier circuit; Congyi was promoted to Vice Regional Commander. At that time Hongtu was stationed at Pingyue over the Lower Six Guards, while Participant Duan Bokan was at Anzhuang over the Upper Six Guards. For more than a thousand miles, lawlessness was suppressed—the work of these two men. Hongtu ended his career as vice commissioner of Shaanxi.

伯炌，雲南晉寧人。由鄉舉為鎮寧知州。力拒安邦彥，超擢僉事，分巡鎮寧。邦彥寇普定，偕從儀擊破之，由此擢參議。

Duan Bokan came from Jinning in Yunnan. Via the provincial examination he became prefect of Zhenning. He stoutly resisted An Bangyan and was promoted ahead of schedule to Assistant Commissioner with responsibility for Zhenning. When Bangyan raided Puding, he and Hu Congyi routed him and he was promoted to Participant.

胡從儀，山西人。天啟四年，以遊擊援普定，功多。既而破賊長田。以參將討平勻哈，後又與諸將平老蟲添。崇禎三年，討平苗賊汪狂、抱角，召為保定總兵官，卒於京邸。贈都督僉事。黔人愛之，為立真將軍碑。

Hu Congyi came from Shanxi. In the fourth year of the Tianqi reign he relieved Puding as a mobile brigade commander and won considerable distinction. He soon routed the rebels at Changtian. As vice commander he pacified the Yunha rebels, and later joined other generals in pacifying Lao Chongtian. In the third year of the Chongzhen reign he pacified the Miao rebels Wang Kuang and Bao Jiao, was recalled to serve as Regional Commander of Baoding, and died in his Beijing quarters. He was posthumously made Commissioner-in-Chief. The people of Guizhou loved him and erected a stele to the True General in his honor.

贊曰：奢、安之亂，竊發於蜀，蔓延於黔，勞師者幾十載。燮元戡之以兵威，因俗制宜，開屯設衛，不亟亟焉郡縣其地，以蹈三善之覆轍，而西南由滋永寧，庶幾可方趙營平之制羌、韋南康之鎮蜀者歟。

The commentator says: The She and An rebellions broke out in Shu and spread into Guizhou, exhausting the armies for nearly twenty years. Xieyuan subdued them by force of arms, adapting policy to local custom—opening garrison colonies and guard posts rather than rushing to impose prefectures and counties and repeat Wang Sanshan's disaster. From Yongning onward the southwest grew steadily secure. Perhaps he may stand comparison with Zhao Chongguo, who pacified the Qiang, and Wei Gao of Nankang, who held Sichuan.

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