1
武大烈 〈（徐日泰等）〉 錢祚徵盛以恒 〈（高孝志等）〉 顏日愉 〈（艾毓初等）〉 潘弘 〈（劉振世等）〉 陳豫抱 〈（許宣等）〉 劉振之 〈（杜邦舉費曾謀等）〉 李乘雲 〈（余爵等）〉 關永傑 〈（侯君擢等）〉 張維世 〈（姚若時等）〉 王世琇 〈（顏則孔等）〉 許永禧 〈（高鬥垣等）〉 李貞佐 〈（周卜歷等）〉 魯世任 〈（張信等）〉 劉禋 〈（陳顯元等）〉 何燮 〈（左相申等）〉 趙興基 〈（鄭元綬等）〉
Wu Dalie (Including Xu Ritai and others).〉 Qian Zuozheng; Sheng Yiheng (listed together in the table of contents). (Including Gao Xiaozhi and others).〉 Yan Riyu (Including Ai Yuchu and others).〉 Pan Hong (Including Liu Zhenshi and others).〉 Chen Yubao (Including Xu Xuan and others).〉 Liu Zhenzhi (Including Du Bangju, Fei Zengmou, and others).〉 Li Chengyun (Including Yu Jue and others).〉 Guan Yongjie (Including Hou Junzhuo and others).〉 Zhang Weishi (Including Yao Ruoshi and others).〉 Wang Shixiu (Including Yan Zekong and others).〉 Xu Yongxi (Including Gao Douyuan and others).〉 Li Zhenzuo (Including Zhou Bolü and others).〉 Lu Shiren (Including Zhang Xin and others).〉 Liu Yin (Including Chen Xianyuan and others).〉 He Xie (Including Zuo Xiangshen and others).〉 Zhao Xingji (Including Zheng Yuanshou and others).〉
2
武大烈，臨潼人。 舉天啟七年鄉試。 崇禎中，授永寧知縣。 奸人倚萬安郡王恣不法，大烈痛懲之。 十三年十二月，李自成自南陽陷宜陽，知縣唐啟泰被害，遂攻永寧。 大烈與鄉官四川巡撫張論協力捍禦。 論歿，子吏部郎中鼎延及從父治中讃繼之。 有獄囚勾賊入，都司馬有義棄城走。 大烈、鼎延等固守三日，賊夜半登城，執大烈。 自成以同鄉欲活之，大烈不屈，索印又不予，乃燔灼以死。 鼎延匿眢井免。 讃及子國學生祚延死之。 主簿魏國輔、教諭任維清、守備王正己、百戶孫世英並不屈死。 萬安王采钅輕亦被害。
Wu Dalie was a native of Lintong. He passed the provincial examination in the seventh year of Tianqi. In the Chongzhen era he was appointed magistrate of Yongning. Local ruffians took cover under the Prince of Wan'an and ran riot; Dalie punished them without mercy. In the twelfth month of year thirteen, Li Zicheng marched from Nanyang, seized Yiyang, and killed Magistrate Tang Qitai before turning on Yongning. Dalie joined forces with a local elder and Zhang Lun, governor-general of Sichuan, to hold the city. After Lun died, his son Dingyan—then a director in the Ministry of Personnel—and his father's younger cousin Zan, an administrative assistant, carried on the defense. A jail inmate guided the rebels inside; Vice Commander Ma Youyi abandoned the walls and fled. Dalie and Dingyan held out for three days until, at midnight, the rebels climbed the wall and captured Dalie. Zicheng, recognizing a fellow townsman, offered to spare him; Dalie would not yield, and when they demanded the official seal he refused—so they burned him alive. Dingyan concealed himself in a disused well and survived. Zan and his son Zuoyan, a student at the Imperial Academy, were killed. Registrar Wei Guofu, Instructor Ren Weiqing, Garrison Commander Wang Zhengji, and company commander Sun Shiying all refused to submit and died. The Prince of Wan'an, Cai Qing, was killed as well.
3
賊移攻偃師，一日而陷。 知縣徐日泰大罵不屈，為賊臠割死。 啟泰，掖縣人。 日泰，金谿人。 並起家鄉舉。
The rebels moved on to Yanshi, which fell within a day. Magistrate Xu Ritai reviled them and would not submit; the rebels cut him apart while he still lived. Qitai was from Yexian. Ritai was from Jinxi. Both had entered office through the provincial examination.
4
明年正月，賊陷寶豐，知縣朱由椷死之。 陷密縣，知縣朱敏汀及裏居太仆卿魏持衡、舉人馬體健死之。 由椷，益府鎮國將軍常澈子，敏汀亦宗室，並由貢生。 敏汀妾張，一女一孫及臧獲數人俱死，與由椷並贈僉事。
In the first month of the following year the rebels seized Baofeng; Magistrate Zhu Youqin died defending it. They then took Mi County; Magistrate Zhu Minting, the retired Grand Master of the Stud Wei Chiheng, and the local graduate Ma Tijian all perished. Youqin was the son of Chang Che, Defender General of the Yi princely establishment; Minting was also of the imperial clan; both had risen through the tribute-student route. Minting's concubine Zhang, a daughter, a grandson, and several household servants died with them; both men were posthumously granted the rank of vice commissioner.
5
是月，陷洛陽，鄉官來秉衡、劉芳奕、常克念、郭顯星、韓金聲、王明、楊萃、荀良翰等抗節死。 秉衡，天啟四年舉於鄉，未仕。 城陷，為賊將劉宗敏所執，令易服，欲官之，不可。 羈南郊民舍，顧見其友，謂之曰：「賊勒我以官，我義不受辱，恨母老子幼，死不瞑目爾。」 賊聞，燒鐵索加其脛，終不從，遂被殺，並其母劉、妾吳及幼子俱殺之。 芳奕，慷慨負智略，與秉衡同舉於鄉，為昌樂知縣。 解官歸，歲大歉，人相食，傾橐濟之。 賊漸逼，集義士為幹城社，佐有司保障。 及城陷，縊死西城戍樓。 克念舉進士，為平陽推官，有聲。 顯星舉於鄉，為翰林待詔。 金聲、明，皆進士。 金聲官邯鄲知縣，明官行人。 萃、良翰皆舉人。 萃官辰州知府，良翰未仕。
That same month Luoyang fell; the local elders Lai Bingheng, Liu Fangyi, Chang Kenian, Guo Xianxing, Han Jinsheng, Wang Ming, Yang Cui, Xun Lianghan, and others died holding to their integrity. Bingheng had passed the provincial examination in Tianqi year four but had not yet taken office. When the city fell he was taken by the rebel general Liu Zongmin, who ordered him to change his dress and offered him a post; he refused. Confined in a farmhouse in the southern suburbs, he caught sight of a friend and said, "The rebels are forcing an office on me; by right I cannot bear such shame—yet my mother is old and my son still young, and I cannot die with my eyes at rest. When the rebels heard this, they heated iron fetters and clamped them to his legs; he still would not submit, and they killed him—together with his mother Liu, concubine Wu, and young son. Fangyi was open-handed and shrewd; he had passed the provincial examination together with Bingheng and served as magistrate of Changle. He left office and returned home; in a year of terrible famine people turned to cannibalism, and he spent his entire fortune on relief. As the rebels closed in, he rallied worthy men into a Gancheng Society to help the officials defend the city. When the city fell he hanged himself in the watchtower at the western gate. Kenian was a metropolitan graduate who served as investigating censor in Pingyang and enjoyed a fine reputation. Xianxing had passed the provincial examination and held a Hanlin awaiting-edict post. Jinsheng and Ming were both metropolitan graduates. Jinsheng had been magistrate of Handan; Ming had served as a courier in the Ministry of Rites. Cui and Lianghan were both provincial graduates. Cui was prefect of Chenzhou; Lianghan had not yet taken office.
6
錢祚徵，字錫吉，掖縣人。 崇禎中，由鄉舉歷官汝州知州。 汝為流賊往來孔道，土寇又竊據山中。 祚徵欲先除土寇，募壯士千人訓練，而遣人為好言招撫，夜半取間道直搗其巢，寇大敗。 乃令民千家立一大寨，有急鳴鉦相救，寇勢衰息，其魁遂降。 十四年正月，李自成驟來犯，祚徵乘城守，身中流矢，守益力。 月余，大風霾，炮炸樓焚，城遂陷，罵賊而死。 汝人立廟祀之。
Qian Zuozheng, style name Xiji, was a native of Yexian. In the Chongzhen era he advanced through the provincial examination to prefect of Ruzhou. Ruzhou stood on a main corridor for roving rebels, while local bandits also held the hills. Zuozheng resolved to clear out the hill bandits first: he recruited a thousand strong men for drill, sent men with soothing words to coax surrender, then at midnight took a hidden route straight to their nest and broke them utterly. He then required every thousand households to form one great stockade; at alarm they would ring a gong for mutual rescue, the bandits' power waned, and their leader finally submitted. In the first month of year fourteen Li Zicheng struck without warning; Zuozheng fought from the walls, took an arrow wound, and defended all the harder. After more than a month a fierce wind brought murk and dust; a cannon burst, the tower caught fire, the city fell, and he reviled the rebels and died. The people of Ru built a temple in his honor.
7
盛以恒，潼關衛人。 崇禎十三年舉人。 知商城縣。 視事月余，流賊突至，卻之。 明年，張獻忠陷襄陽，鄰境大恐。 以恒已遷開封同知，將行，士民懇留之，乃登陴，與鄉官楊所修、洪胤衡、馬剛中、段增輝共城守。 二月中，賊奄至，適雨雪，守者凍餒不能戰。 以恒督家眾射賊十七人墜馬，賊怒，並力攻，矢中以恒右額，猶裹創拒敵。 賊登北城，家眾巷戰死且盡，乃被執，罵賊不屈，為賊支解。 孫覺及典史呂維顯、教諭曹維正皆死。
Sheng Yiheng was a native of Tongguan Guard. In Chongzhen year thirteen he passed the provincial examination. He served as magistrate of Shangcheng. Barely a month into his term the roving rebels appeared; he drove them back. The next year Zhang Xianzhong seized Xiangyang, and the neighboring prefectures were thrown into panic. Yiheng had already been promoted to vice prefect of Kaifeng and was preparing to leave, but gentry and commoners pleaded with him to remain; he climbed the battlements and, with local elders Yang Suoxiu, Hong Yinheng, Ma Gangzhong, and Duan Zenghui, held the city together. In the second month the rebels appeared without warning; rain and snow fell, and the defenders, numb with cold and hunger, could not hold the line. Yiheng directed his household archers and brought seventeen rebels down from their horses; enraged, the enemy pressed the assault; an arrow struck him on the right brow, yet he bound the wound and kept fighting. The rebels took the north wall; his household died fighting in the alleys until almost none remained; he was captured, reviled them and refused to submit, and they cut him apart. Sun Jue, Registrar Lü Weixian, and Instructor Cao Weizheng all perished.
8
所修，故魏忠賢黨也。 歷左副都御史，入逆案，贖徒為民，至是罵賊死。 胤衡，萬歷中進士。 歷官陽和兵備副使，分守北門，力戰死。 剛中，字九如。 崇禎七年進士。 除大同知縣，行取授檢討，乞假歸。 賊入，大罵，被磔死。 增輝，字含素，為諸生，以學行稱。 朝廷下保舉令，被薦，不樂為吏，擬除教授，未謁選歸。 遇變，罵賊死。
Suoxiu had once belonged to Wei Zhongxian's faction. He had risen to Left Vice Censor-in-Chief, was caught in the partisan case, bought his way back to commoner status, and now reviled the rebels and died. Yinheng passed the metropolitan examination in the Wanli era. He had served as Yanghe military vice commissioner, held the northern gate in the defense, and died in fierce combat. Gangzhong, style name Jiuru. He became a metropolitan graduate in Chongzhen year seven. He was made magistrate of Datong, selected for the Hanlin as reviser, then took leave and went home. When the rebels entered he reviled them and was torn apart alive. Zenghui, style name Hansu, was a licentiate famed for scholarship and character. When the court called for recommendations he was named but disliked official service; he was slated for a professorship but went home before taking up the post. When disaster struck he reviled the rebels and died.
9
賊既陷商城，即疾驅犯信陽。 城陷，知州高孝志，訓導李逢旭、程所聞，裏居靜海知縣張映宿死之。 其陷光山，典史魏光遠亦死之。 所司請贈恤，未報。
After Shangcheng fell the rebels raced against Xinyang. The city fell; Prefect Gao Xiaozhi, Instructors Li Fengxu and Cheng Suowen, and Zhang Yingsu, the retired Jinghai magistrate living at home, all died. When Guangshan fell, Registrar Wei Guangyuan died as well. The relevant offices petitioned for posthumous rewards, but no response came.
10
十五年七月，帝下詔曰：「比州縣有司不設守備，賊至即陷，與沖鋒陷陣，持久力詘者殊科。 若概援天啟間例，優予贈蔭，何由旌勸勞臣。 自今五品以下，止贈監司，四品及方面，始贈京卿。 著為令。」 乃贈以恒副使，孝志參議，維顯等贈恤有差。 天啟中，州縣長吏殉難者，率贈京卿，蔭錦衣世職，賜祭葬，有司建祠。 崇禎初，改蔭國子生，俾之出仕，而京卿之贈如故，至是始改贈外僚雲。
In the seventh month of year fifteen the Emperor decreed: "Lately prefectural and county officials have kept no defenses ready; when rebels come the place falls at once—this is not the same as men who charge the line, hold out to the end, and spend their strength to the last. If we applied the Tianqi precedents across the board and lavished posthumous titles and hereditary privileges, how would we distinguish and reward those who truly earned it? Henceforth fifth-rank officials and below receive posthumous titles only to surveillance commissioner; fourth-rank and regional posts may receive capital ministers. This was made a standing rule. Yiheng was posthumously made vice commissioner; Xiaozhi, assistant commissioner; Weixian and the rest received graded posthumous honors. Under Tianqi, prefectural and county chiefs who died in office were usually posthumously made capital ministers, granted hereditary Embroidered-Uniform Guard posts, sacrificial rites and state burial, and local temples. Early in Chongzhen the hereditary privilege was changed to Imperial Academy enrollment with permission to serve, while capital-minister posthumous titles stayed the same; only now were outside officials given the revised grants.
11
顏日愉，字華陽，上虞人。 萬歷中，舉於鄉。 崇禎初，除知葉縣，有惠政，為上官所惡，劾罷。 部民爭詣闕訟冤，乃獲敘用。 後為靜寧知州。 羅賊亂，馳請固鎮五道兵合剿。 而先率敢死士數人招諭之，賊弛備，遂遣精卒搗其營，賊倉皇潰，斬數百級。 黎明，五道兵繼至，復大破之。 遷開封同知。 流賊勢方熾，上官以南陽要沖，舉日愉為知府，大治守具，人心稍固。 十四年五月，賊猝至，百余人冒雨登城。 日愉擊殺之幾盡，余賊引去，城獲全。 日愉手中一矢，頭項被二刃，死城上。 事聞，贈太仆卿。 賊既不得誌去，遂縱掠旁近州縣。 其冬再圍南陽，攻陷之，參議艾毓初死焉。
Yan Riyu, style name Huayang, was from Shangyu. He passed the provincial examination in the Wanli era. Early in Chongzhen he became magistrate of Ye County; his humane rule won the people but his superiors hated him and had him impeached out of office. The people marched to court to protest his innocence, and he was restored to service. He later served as prefect of Jingning. When Luo bandits rebelled he urgently called for the five-route troops of Guzhen to join a joint campaign. First he led a few dare-to-die men to summon and admonish them; the rebels let down their guard; he then sent elite troops to storm their camp; they broke in panic and several hundred were beheaded. At daybreak the five-route army came up and routed them again. He was promoted to vice prefect of Kaifeng. With roving rebels raging, his superiors, seeing Nanyang as a vital crossroads, recommended Riyu as prefect; he greatly strengthened the defenses and hearts steadied a little. In the fifth month of year fourteen the rebels struck without warning; over a hundred men scaled the wall in the rain. Riyu struck and killed nearly all of them; the survivors withdrew and the city held. Riyu took one arrow in the hand; two blades struck head and neck, and he died on the wall. On report he was posthumously made Grand Master of the Stud. Frustrated of their aim, the rebels withdrew and plundered the neighboring prefectures and counties. That winter they besieged Nanyang again, captured it, and Assistant Commissioner Ai Yuchu died there.
12
毓初，字孩如，米脂人，戶部侍郎希淳曾孫也。 崇禎四年進士。 授內鄉知縣。 生長邊陲，習戰事。 六年冬，流寇來犯。 埋大炮名「滾地龍」者於城外，城中燃線發之，賊死無算，遂解去。 內鄉與領邑淅川多深山邃谷，為盜窟，民居懍懍。 毓初至，為設守備，民得少安。 明年冬，唐王聿鍵上言：「祖制，親王所封地，有司早晚必謁見。 今艾毓初等皆不謁。」 帝怒，悉逮下法司，而敕禮部申典制。 已而王被逮，毓初獲補官。 屢遷至右參議，分守南陽，與日愉卻賊有功。 自成用宋獻策計，欲取南陽以圖關中，復率大眾來寇。 毓初偕總兵官猛如虎等堅守。 賊攻入南門，會總督楊文嶽援軍至，賊引退。 文嶽去，賊復攻之，食盡援絕，毓初題詩城樓，遂自縊。 南陽知縣姚運熙、主簿門迎恩、訓導楊氣開亦死之。
Yuchu, style name Hairu, was from Mizhi and great-grandson of Vice Minister of Revenue Ai Xichun. He became a metropolitan graduate in Chongzhen year four. He was made magistrate of Neixiang. Raised on the borderlands, he knew warfare. In the winter of year six roving rebels attacked. He buried outside the walls great guns called "Rolling Earth Dragons"; fuses were lit from within the city, the rebels died beyond counting, and they withdrew. Neixiang and neighboring Xichuan had deep mountains and hidden valleys that sheltered bandits; the people lived in dread. When Yuchu arrived he set up defenses and the people breathed a little easier. The next winter Prince Tang Zhu Yujian memorialized: "By ancestral rule, in a prince's grant the local officials must attend morning and evening. Yet Ai Yuchu and the others have not attended. The Emperor in anger had them all arrested and sent to the judiciary, and ordered the Ministry of Rites to restate the regulations. Soon the prince himself was arrested; Yuchu was restored to office. He rose to Right Assistant Commissioner, held divided defense at Nanyang, and with Riyu drove back the rebels with merit. Zicheng, following Song Xiance's plan to take Nanyang and march on Guanzhong, again led a great army against the city. Yuchu joined Regional Commander Meng Ruhu and others in a stubborn defense. The rebels broke through the south gate; then Governor-General Yang Wenyue's relief army arrived and they withdrew. When Wenyue departed the rebels attacked again; provisions and relief ran out; Yuchu wrote a poem on the tower and hanged himself. Nanyang Magistrate Yao Yunxi, Registrar Men Ying'en, and Instructor Yang Qikai died as well.
13
明年十月，自成再陷南陽，知府丘懋素罵賊不屈，闔門被害。 是月，賊過扶溝，眾議城守，舉人劉恩澤初嘗以策幹當事，多見用。 縣令騃不解事，恩澤痛哭曰：「吾不幸從木偶人死。」 自題樓壁曰：「千古綱常事，男兒肯讓人。」 明日，城陷，擲樓下以死。
In the tenth month of the following year Zicheng again took Nanyang; Prefect Qiu Maosu reviled the rebels and would not submit, and his entire household was killed. That month, as the rebels passed Fugou, the town debated defense; Graduate Liu Enze had once offered plans to the authorities and was much heeded. The magistrate was obtuse and useless; Enze wept and said, "Wretched that I must die with a wooden puppet. On the tower wall he wrote: "The eternal bonds of right and wrong—would a true man yield them to another?" The next day the city fell; he cast himself from the tower and died.
14
潘弘，字若稚，淮安山陽人。 起家貢生。 崇禎十三年為舞陽知縣。 時流賊披猖，土寇亦間發，弘數討敗之。 明年十一月，李自成、羅汝才既陷南陽，縱兵覆所屬州縣，將攻舞陽，弘諭士民共拒。 諸生慮賊屠城，請委曲紓禍，弘叱之去。 賊薄城，發炮擊之，多斃。 有小校善射，屢卻賊。 諸生潛遣人約降，賊復至。 弘作告先聖文，自誓必死。 諸生潛開門，縛弘以獻。 賊索印，弘不予。 脅降，怒罵不屈，乃支解之。 子澄瀾痛憤大哭，投井死。
Pan Hong, style name Ruozhi, was from Shanyang in Huai'an. He entered office through the tribute-student route. In Chongzhen year thirteen he became magistrate of Wuyang. Roving rebels were rampant and local bandits also flared up; Hong repeatedly routed them. In the eleventh month of the next year Li Zicheng and Luo Rucai, having taken Nanyang, overran the subordinate prefectures and counties and were about to strike Wuyang; Hong urged gentry and people to resist together. The students, fearing massacre, begged to soften the blow by compromise; Hong rebuked them and sent them away. When the rebels pressed the walls he fired cannon and killed many. A junior officer skilled with the bow repeatedly drove them back. The students secretly sent men to arrange surrender; the rebels returned. Hong wrote a memorial to the Sage and vowed he would die. The students secretly opened the gate and bound Hong to hand him over. The rebels demanded the seal; Hong refused. They tried to force his submission; he reviled them and would not yield, and they cut him apart. His son Cheng Lan wept in anguish and drowned himself in a well.
15
時鄧州、鎮平、內鄉、沁陽、新野相繼陷。 鄧州知州劉振世，吏目李國璽，千戶余承蔭、李錫，諸生丁一統、張五美、王鐘、王子章、海寬、傅彥皆抗節死。 鎮平知縣成縣鐘其碩被執，罵賊死。 內鄉知縣南昌龔新、新野知縣四川韓醇，並不屈死。
Then Dengzhou, Zhenping, Neixiang, Qinyang, and Xinye fell one after another. Dengzhou Prefect Liu Zhenshi, Clerk Li Guoxi, centurions Yu Chengyin and Li Xi, and students Ding Yitong, Zhang Wumei, Wang Zhong, Wang Zizhang, Hai Kuan, and Fu Yan all died holding their integrity. Zhenping Magistrate Zhong Qishuo of Chengxian was captured, reviled the rebels, and died. Neixiang Magistrate Gong Xin of Nanchang and Xinye Magistrate Han Chun of Sichuan both refused to submit and died.
16
泌陽凡再陷。 是年五月，張獻忠破信陽，獲左良玉旗幟，假之以登城。 知縣雲南南寧王士昌懷印端坐，被縛，謾罵死。 臨昌姚昌祚代之，甫數月，復陷。 昌祚手斬數賊，力屈死。 典史雷晉暹率捕卒戰死。 又有武職王衍範、錢繼功、海成俱死難。 而鄧州於十年春為張獻忠所破，知州孫澤盛、同知薛應齡皆戰死，至是亦再陷雲。
Biyang fell twice in all. In the fifth month of that year Zhang Xianzhong took Xinyang, seized Zuo Liangyu's banners, and used them to trick their way onto the wall. Magistrate Wang Shichang of Nanning, Yunnan, sat upright with the seal in hand, was bound, reviled them, and died. Yao Changzuo of Linchang replaced him; within a few months the city fell again. Changzuo personally cut down several rebels and died when his strength failed. Registrar Lei Jinxian led constables into battle and died. Military officers Wang Yanfan, Qian Jigong, and Hai Cheng also died in the disaster. Dengzhou had been broken by Zhang Xianzhong in the spring of year ten; Prefect Sun Zesheng and Vice Prefect Xue Yingling had died fighting; now it fell again.
17
陳豫抱，舞陽人。 母段早寡，撫豫抱及其弟豫養、豫懷，皆為諸生，力田好學，善承母誌。 崇禎十四年，流賊陷舞陽，母先赴井，三子從之。 豫抱妻黃攜其子默通，豫養妻馬攜子默恒、默言俱從之。 三世九人，一時盡節。
Chen Yubao was from Wuyang. His mother Duan was widowed young; she raised Yubao and his brothers Yuyang and Yuhuai; all became licentiates, farmed and loved learning, and faithfully carried out their mother's will. In Chongzhen year fourteen the roving rebels took Wuyang; the mother first entered a well and the three sons followed. Yubao's wife Huang took their son Motong; Yuyang's wife Ma took sons Moheng and Moyan—all followed them. Three generations, nine people, died for integrity at once.
18
時郡邑諸生死者甚眾，錄其著者。 內鄉許宣及二弟寀、宮，慷慨好義。 賊陷鄧州，宣兄弟結里中壯士，直入其城，擒偽官，堅守許家寨。 賊怒，攻破之，寀從母常先投井死，宣、宮皆詈賊被殺，宮妻鐘、寀妻陳並自經，其妹亦罵賊被殺。 時稱「許氏七烈」。
Many graduates and officials in the prefectures and counties died; the notable cases are recorded here. Xu Xuan of Neixiang and his younger brothers Cai and Gong were open-handed and devoted to righteousness. When Dengzhou fell the Xu brothers rallied neighborhood stalwarts, entered the city, seized the puppet officials, and held the Xu family stockade. The rebels in fury stormed it; Cai followed his mother Chang into a well first; Xuan and Gong reviled the rebels and were killed; Gong's wife Zhong and Cai's wife Chen hanged themselves; their sister too reviled the rebels and was killed. People called them "the seven martyrs of the Xu family."
19
賊之攻偃師也，張毓粹率二子佐有司固守，城陷，大罵，俱被殺。 妻藺與三女、二孫悉赴井死。 賊殺武同芳母，同芳噴血大罵，支解而死。 劉芳名、劉芳世、藺之粹、喬於昆、藺完馪、王光顯、喬國屏、王邦紀、藺相裔、張一鷺、張一鵬、牛一元皆抗節死。 芳名、完馪妻皆張氏，與邦紀妻高並從死。 一鷺、一鵬父亦罵賊死。
When Yanshi was attacked, Zhang Cuicui and his two sons helped the officials hold the walls; when the city fell they reviled the rebels and were all killed. His wife Lin, three daughters, and two grandsons all entered a well and died. The rebels killed Wu Tongfang's mother; he spat blood, reviled them, and was cut apart. Liu Fangming, Liu Fangshi, Lan Zhicui, Qiao Yukun, Lan Wanxin, Wang Guangxian, Qiao Guoping, Wang Bangji, Lan Xiangyi, Zhang Yilu, Zhang Yipeng, and Niu Yiyuan all died holding their integrity. Fangming's and Wanxin's wives were both Zhangs; Gao, wife of Bangji, died with them as well. The father of Yilu and Yipeng also reviled the rebels and died.
20
唐縣許曰琮，早喪父。 母歿，廬墓三年。 城破，遁居南山。 賊徵之不出，脅以死，鐫其背曰：「誓不從賊」，遂嘔血而死。
Xu Yuecong of Tang County was fatherless from youth. When his mother died he mourned at her tomb for three years. When the city fell he hid on South Mountain. The rebels summoned him but he would not emerge; they threatened death and carved on his back, "I swear never to follow the rebels"; he vomited blood and died.
21
劉振之，字而強，慈谿人。 性剛方，敦學行，鄉人嚴重之。 崇禎初，舉於鄉，以教諭遷鄢陵知縣。 十四年十二月，李自成陷許州。 知州王應翼被害，都司張守正，鄉官魏完真，諸生李文鵬、王應鵬皆死。 自許以南無堅城。 有奸人素通賊，倡言城小宜速降，振之怒叱退之。 典史杜邦舉曰：「城存與存，亡與亡，人臣大義，公言是。」 振之乃與集吏民共守。 賊大至，城陷，振之秉笏坐堂上。 賊索印，不與，縛置雪中三日夜，罵不絕口，亂刃交下乃死。 初，振之書一小簡，藏篋中，每歲元旦取視，輒加紙封其上。 及死，家人發篋，乃「不貪財、不好色、不畏死」三語也，其立誌如此。 贈光祿寺丞。 邦舉，富平人。 許被屠，鄢陵人恟懼，守者或遁走，邦舉捕得，斬以徇。 及城陷，自成欲降之，邦舉罵曰：「朝廷臣子，豈為賊用！」 賊抉其舌，含血噴之，遂遇害。
Liu Zhenzhi, style name Erqiang, was from Cixi. Upright and firm by nature, he devoted himself to learning and conduct, and his neighbors esteemed him. Early in Chongzhen he passed the provincial examination, rose from instructor to magistrate of Yanling. In the twelfth month of year fourteen Li Zicheng seized Xuzhou. Prefect Wang Yingyi was killed; Regional Commander Zhang Shouzheng, local elder Wei Wanzhen, and students Li Wenpeng and Wang Yingpeng all perished. South of Xu no city still stood firm. A traitor who had long dealt with the rebels urged that the small city should surrender at once; Zhenzhi rebuked him and drove him off. Registrar Du Bangju said, "If the city stands we stand; if it falls we fall—that is a minister's great duty, and you are right. Zhenzhi then rallied clerks and townspeople to defend together. The rebels came in force; the city fell; Zhenzhi sat in the hall with his tablet in hand. They demanded the seal; he refused; they bound him in the snow for three days and nights, cursing without pause, until blades struck from every side and he died. Earlier he had written a small slip and kept it in a box; each New Year he opened it and added another paper seal. When he died the family opened the box and found three lines: "Do not covet wealth, do not lust, do not fear death"—such was the pledge he had kept. He was posthumously made Vice Director of the Court of Imperial Entertainments. Bangju was from Fuping. When Xu was slaughtered Yanling panicked; some defenders fled; Bangju caught them and executed them as a warning. When the city fell Zicheng tried to win him over; Bangju cried, "A subject of the dynasty—how could I serve rebels! The rebels cut out his tongue; he spat blood at them and was killed.
22
開封屬邑多陷，殉難者，有費曾謀、魏令望、柴薦禋、楊一鵬、劉孔暉、王化行、姚文衡之屬。
Many Kaifeng subordinate counties had fallen; among those who died for the state were Fei Zengmou, Wei Lingwang, Chai Jianyin, Yang Yipeng, Liu Konghui, Wang Huaxing, Yao Wenheng, and others.
23
曾謀，鉛山人，少師宏裔也。 由鄉舉知通許，甫四旬，賊猝至。 曾謀召父老曰：「我死，若輩以城降，可免屠戮。」 北向再拜，抱印投井死。 令望，字於野，武鄉人。 舉進士，授商丘知縣，調太康。 寇至，固守不下。 賊怒，攻破之，屠其城，令望闔門自焚。 薦禋，江山舉人，知洧川，城陷，大罵死。 一鵬，河津人。 舉崇禎九年鄉試，為尉氏知縣，甫數月，政聲四起。 城破，罵賊死。 孔暉，邵陽人。 舉天啟元年鄉試，知新鄭，固守不能支，遂死之。 士民祀之子產祠。 化行，知商水，城陷，被殺。 代者文衡，蒞任數月，賊復至，攜印赴井死。 其小吏，則臨潁千總賈蔭序、長葛典史杜復春，鄉居則長葛舉人孟良屏、諸生張範孔等，汜水舉人張治載、馬德茂，皆死之。
Zengmou was from Qianshan and grandson of Junior Tutor Fei Hongyi. He became magistrate of Tongxu through the provincial examination; barely forty days later the rebels struck. Zengmou called the elders and said, "When I am dead, you may surrender the city and be spared massacre. He bowed twice to the north, clasped the seal, and threw himself into a well. Lingwang, style name Yuye, was from Wuxiang. He passed the metropolitan examination, became magistrate of Shangqiu, then was transferred to Taikang. When rebels came he held firm and they could not take the city. Enraged, the rebels stormed in, massacred the city, and Lingwang burned himself with his entire household. Jianyin, a Jiangshan provincial graduate, was magistrate of Weichuan; when the city fell he reviled the rebels and died. Yipeng was from Hejin. He passed the provincial examination in Chongzhen year nine and became magistrate of Weishi; within months his reputation for good government rang out on every side. When the city fell he reviled the rebels and died. Konghui was from Shaoyang. He passed the provincial examination in Tianqi year one, became magistrate of Xinzheng, held out but could not endure, and died. The people enshrined him in the Temple of Zichan. Huaxing was magistrate of Shangshui; when the city fell he was killed. His successor Wenheng had served only a few months when the rebels returned; he took the seal and drowned himself in a well. Minor officials included Linying battalion commander Jia Yinxu and Changge registrar Du Fuchun; local men included Changge graduate Meng Liangping, students Zhang Fankong and others, and Sishui graduates Zhang Zhizai and Ma Demao—all died.
24
李乘雲，高陽人，舉於鄉。 崇禎初，知浮山縣。 流賊數萬來寇，乘雲手發一矢斃其魁，眾遂遁。 屢遷山西僉事。 十四年秋，以才調河南大梁道，駐禹州。 十二月，李自成連陷鄢陵、陳留諸縣，遂寇禹州。 乘雲誓死固守，賊多斃於炮。 俄以十萬眾攀堞登，執乘雲使跪，乘雲怒叱賊，賊捽而杖之，大罵不絕聲。 縛諸樹攢射之，罵不已，斷其舌，亂刃交下而死。 贈光祿卿。 州先有徽王府，嘉靖時，王載埨有罪，爵絕，而延津等五郡王皆被難。
Li Chengyun was from Gaoyang and had passed the provincial examination. Early in Chongzhen he was magistrate of Fushan. When tens of thousands of roving rebels attacked, Chengyun shot one arrow himself and killed their leader; the host fled. He rose repeatedly to Shanxi Assistant Commissioner. In the autumn of year fourteen he was transferred for merit to the Daliang circuit in Henan and stationed at Yuzhou. In the twelfth month Li Zicheng seized Yanling, Chenliu, and other counties in turn, then marched on Yuzhou. Chengyun vowed to die defending the city; many rebels fell to cannon fire. Soon a hundred thousand men climbed the walls; they seized Chengyun and forced him to kneel; he reviled them; they dragged him down and beat him, cursing without pause. They bound him to a tree and shot him in a crowd; he still cursed; they cut out his tongue; blades struck from every side and he died. He was posthumously made Grand Master of Splendid Happiness. Yuzhou had once held a Huai princely establishment; in Jiajing Prince Zaijun offended and the line ended, while five commandery princes including Yanjin all perished in the disaster.
25
明年，賊犯開封，監軍主事余爵、監軍僉事任棟先後戰死。 棟，永壽人，由貢生為萊州通判。 崇禎四年，李九成等叛，棟佐知府朱萬年共守。 萬年與巡撫謝璉為賊所誘執，棟與同知寇化、掖縣知縣洪恩炤助大帥楊禦蕃力拒。 圍解，論功進秩，屢遷保定監軍僉事。 十四年從總督楊文嶽南征，鳴臯鎮之捷，與有功。 尋與總兵虎大威破賊平峪，再破之鄧州。 明年正月，從解開封圍。 尋戰郾城，大捷。 後從援開封，會左良玉大潰於朱仙鎮，賊來追，棟力戰，歿於陣。 余爵，禹州人。 崇禎元年進士。 歷知撫寧、章丘。 遷職方主事，罷歸。 楊嗣昌出督師，請爵以故官參謀軍事。 嗣昌入蜀，命與張克儉同守襄陽。 城陷，爵脫走，從督師丁啟睿於河南，破賊鄧州。 十五年，開封圍急，監左良玉軍往援，戰敗被執，罵賊死。 侄敦華亦遇害。 棟贈太仆卿，爵太仆少卿。
The next year the rebels attacked Kaifeng; Supervising Secretary Yu Jue and Supervising Assistant Commissioner Ren Dong died in battle one after another. Dong was from Yongshou and had become vice prefect of Laizhou through the tribute-student route. In Chongzhen year four Li Jiucheng and others rebelled; Dong helped Prefect Zhu Wannian hold the city. Wannian and Governor Xie Lian were lured out and captured; Dong, with Vice Magistrate Kou Hua and Yexian Magistrate Hong Enzhao, helped Commander Yang Yufan resist fiercely. When the siege lifted he was promoted for merit and eventually became Baoding supervising assistant commissioner. In year fourteen he followed Governor-General Yang Wenyue south and shared in the victory at Minggao Town. Soon he joined Regional Commander Hu Dawei in defeating the rebels at Pingyu and again at Dengzhou. In the first month of the following year he helped lift the siege of Kaifeng. Soon he fought at Yancheng and won a great victory. Later he marched to relieve Kaifeng; Zuo Liangyu was routed at Zhuxian Town; the rebels pursued; Dong fought hard and died on the field. Yu Jue was from Yuzhou. He became a metropolitan graduate in Chongzhen year one. He served successively as magistrate of Funing and Zhangqiu. He rose to director in the Ministry of War, then was dismissed and went home. When Yang Sichang took command he asked that Jue serve on his staff in his former post. When Sichang entered Shu he ordered Jue and Zhang Kejian to guard Xiangyang together. When Xiangyang fell Jue escaped; he followed Supervising Commander Ding Qirui in Henan and defeated the rebels at Dengzhou. In year fifteen Kaifeng was hard pressed; he supervised Zuo Liangyu's relief army, was defeated, captured, reviled the rebels, and died. His nephew Dunhua was also killed. Dong was posthumously made Grand Master of the Stud; Jue, Junior Director of the Stud.
26
關永傑，字人孟，鞏昌衛人。 世官百戶。 永傑好讀書，每遇忠義事，輒書之壁。 狀貌奇偉，類世人所繪壯繆侯像。 崇禎四年會試入都，與儕輩遊壯繆祠。 有道士前曰：「昨夢神告：『吾後人當有登第者，後且繼我忠義，可語之。』」 永傑愕然，頗自喜。 已果登第，授開封推官，強植不阿，民畏愛之。 憂歸，起官紹興。 遷兵部主事，督師楊嗣昌薦其才，請用之軍前，乃擢睢陳兵備僉事，駐陳州。 陳故賊沖，歲被蹂躪，永傑日夜為儆備。 十五年二月，李自成數十萬眾來攻，永傑與知州侯君擢、鄉官崔泌之、舉人王受爵等率士民分堞守。 賊遣使說降，斬其頭，懸之城上。 賊怒，攻破之，永傑格殺數賊，身中亂刃而死。
Guan Yongjie, style name Renmeng, was from Gongchang Guard. His family held a hereditary centurion post. Yongjie loved books; whenever he met a tale of loyalty and righteousness he wrote it on the wall. He was striking in bearing, like the painted image of Marquis Zhuang that people commonly worship. In Chongzhen year four he came to the capital for the metropolitan examination and visited the Marquis Zhuang temple with his companions. A Daoist came forward and said, "Last night I dreamed the god said, 'Among my descendants one will pass the examination and later follow my loyalty—you may tell him. Yongjie was startled and rather pleased.' He did pass the examination and became investigating censor of Kaifeng; upright and unbending, the people feared and loved him. He went home for mourning, then took office in Shaoxing. He rose to director in the Ministry of War; Yang Sichang recommended his talent for the front; he was promoted to Suichen military vice commissioner and stationed at Chenzhou. Chen had long been a rebel corridor and was ravaged yearly; Yongjie prepared day and night. In the second month of year fifteen Li Zicheng attacked with hundreds of thousands; Yongjie, Prefect Hou Junzhuo, local elder Cui Mizhi, graduate Wang Shoujue, and others led townspeople to hold each section of the wall. The rebels sent envoys to negotiate surrender; he cut off their heads and hung them on the wall. Enraged, the rebels stormed in; Yongjie killed several in close combat and died under many blades.
27
君擢，字際明，成安人，起家舉人。 城圍時，身先士卒，運木石擊賊，城濠皆滿。 後被縛，罵不絕口死。 泌之，鹿邑人。 進士。 知雄縣，調清苑，多所建豎。 舊令黃宗昌為御史，劾周延儒，延儒屬保定知府摭宗昌罪。 知府以屬泌之，泌之曰：「殺人媚人可乎！」 知府愧且怒。 會泌之遷戶部主事，知府謂其侵陷錢糧三萬，不聽行。 御史行部至，泌之直前與知府角。 御史以聞，下獄遣戍，久之釋還。 至是，遭變，用鐵杖斃賊數人，自剄死。 守備張鷹揚力戰被擒，不屈。 受爵亦擊殺數賊，大罵。 並死之。 贈永傑光祿卿，君擢右參議，泌之復故官。 受爵，宛平知縣。
Junzhuo, style name Jiming, was from Cheng'an and had entered office through the provincial examination. During the siege he led from the front, hauled wood and stone against the rebels, and filled the moat. Later he was bound and died still cursing. Mizhi was from Luyi. He was a metropolitan graduate. He was magistrate of Xiong County, then Qingyuan, and built much in his administration. The former magistrate Huang Zongchang had been a censor and impeached Zhou Yanru; Yanru had the Baoding prefect fabricate charges against him. The prefect put the case to Mizhi; Mizhi said, "Is it right to kill a man to please another? The prefect was ashamed and furious. Just as Mizhi was promoted to director in the Ministry of Revenue, the prefect accused him of embezzling thirty thousand in revenue and blocked his departure. When a touring censor arrived Mizhi confronted the prefect openly. The censor reported it; Mizhi was jailed and exiled; long afterward he was released. When disaster came he killed several rebels with an iron staff, then cut his own throat. Garrison Commander Zhang Yingyang fought fiercely, was taken, and would not submit. Shoujue also killed several rebels and reviled them. They all died. Yongjie was posthumously made Grand Master of Splendid Happiness; Junzhuo, Right Assistant Commissioner; Mizhi was restored to office. Shoujue was magistrate of Wanping.
28
有龔作梅者，年十七，父母俱亡，殯於舍。 賊火民居，作梅跪柩前焚死。
There was a Gong Zuomei, seventeen; both parents were dead and lay in coffins at home. Rebels torched houses; Zuomei knelt before the coffins and burned to death.
29
張維世，太康人。 萬歷四十四年進士。 歷平陽知府，捕治絳州奸猾數十人，遷副使。 累官右僉都御史，代陳新甲巡撫宣府，視事甫旬日，坐失防，削籍遣戍，已而釋還。 崇禎十五年二月，李自成陷睢州，犯太康。 維世佐知縣魏令望竭力拒守。 城陷，抗節死。
Zhang Weishi was from Taikang. He became a metropolitan graduate in Wanli year forty-four. He was prefect of Pingyang, seized dozens of Jiangzhou scoundrels, and was promoted to vice commissioner. He rose to Right Vice Censor-in-Chief and replaced Chen Xinji as Xuanfu governor; ten days into office he was punished for defensive failure, stripped and exiled, then later released. In the second month of Chongzhen year fifteen Li Zicheng took Suizhou and invaded Taikang. Weishi helped Magistrate Wei Lingwang hold the city with all his strength. When the city fell he died holding his integrity.
30
時中州縉紳先後死難者甚眾。 十三年，登封土寇李際遇因歲饑倡亂，旬日間眾數萬。 前鳳陽通判姚若時居魯莊，被執，誘之降，大罵死。 族諸生不顯亦死之。 若時子諸生城，思報父仇，數請兵討賊。 賊執之於路，亦抗罵死。 陜州趙良棟，仕蓬萊教諭，罷歸，寓澠池。 寇陷澠池，父子挺身罵賊死，子婦與孫亦赴井以殉。 陜州之陷，平定知州梁可棟大罵而死，淮安同知萬大成投井死。 商水陷，臨汾知縣張質抗賊死。 西平陷，懷仁知縣楊士英死之，子婦王亦死。 睢州陷，太平知府杜時髦不屈死。 時髦，字觀生，崇禎七年進士。 息縣陷，賊召前項城教諭王多福欲官之，堅拒不赴。 賊逼之，投繯死。 其後以國變死者，有洛陽阮泰，知廣靈，解職歸。 聞京師陷，不食死，妻朱氏從之。 睢州楊汝經，崇禎十年進士。 授戶部主事，擢井陘兵備僉事。 十七年，甘肅陷，巡撫林日瑞殉難，超拜汝經右僉都御史，代之。 行次林縣，聞京師陷，將赴南京，至東明，率壯士百余騎還討林縣偽官。 遇賊，戰敗被執。 偽官釋其縛，屢說之降，不從，斃之獄。
Many central-plain gentry died for the state in succession. In year thirteen the Dengfeng bandit Li Jiyu, exploiting famine, raised rebellion; within ten days he had tens of thousands. Former Fengyang vice prefect Yao Ruoshi lived at Luzhuang; seized and urged to surrender, he reviled them and died. His clansman the student Bu Xian died as well. Ruoshi's son Cheng, burning to avenge his father, repeatedly begged for troops. The bandits seized him on the road; he too resisted, reviled them, and died. Zhao Liangdong of Shanzhou had been Penglai instructor, retired, and lodged at Mianchi. When Mianchi fell father and son cursed the rebels and died; the son's wife and grandson entered a well in martyrdom. When Shanzhou fell Pingding magistrate Liang Kedong reviled them and died; Huai'an vice prefect Wan Dacheng drowned himself. When Shangshui fell Linfen magistrate Zhang Zhi resisted and died. When Xiping fell Huairen magistrate Yang Shiying died, and his daughter-in-law Wang as well. When Suizhou fell Taiping prefect Du Shimao refused to submit and died. Shimao, style name Guansheng, was a metropolitan graduate in Chongzhen year seven. When Xi County fell the rebels summoned former Xiangcheng instructor Wang Duofu for office; he firmly refused. They pressed him; he hanged himself. Later those who died from the dynastic collapse included Ruan Tai of Luoyang, former magistrate of Guangling, home after leaving office. Hearing the capital had fallen he stopped eating and died; his wife Lady Zhu followed. Yang Rujing of Suizhou was a metropolitan graduate in Chongzhen year ten. He became director in the Ministry of Revenue, then Jingxing military vice commissioner. In year seventeen Gansu fell; Governor Lin Rirui died; Rujing was promoted to Right Vice Censor-in-Chief to replace him. At Lin County he heard the capital had fallen and set out for Nanjing; at Dongming he led a hundred stalwart horsemen back against Lin County's puppet officials. He met rebels, was defeated, and captured. The puppet officials freed his bonds and urged surrender again and again; he refused and was beaten to death in prison.
31
王世琇，字昆良，清苑人。 崇禎十年進士。 授歸德推官，遷工部主事。 十五年二月，李自成陷陳州，乘勝犯歸德。 世琇將行，僚屬邀共守，慨然曰：「久官其地，臨難而去之，非誼也。」 遂與同知顏則孔、經歷徐一源、商丘知縣梁以樟、教諭夏世英、裏居尚書周士樸等誓眾堅守。 賊攻圍七日，總督侯恂家商丘，其子方夏率家眾斬關出，傷守者，眾遂亂。 賊乘之入，世琇、則孔並遇害。 則孔女聞之，即自縊。 一源分守北城，殺賊多，城陷，巷戰，罵賊死。 以樟中賊刃，久而復蘇，妻張及子女仆從皆死，以樟竟獲免。 世英持刀罵賊，死於明倫堂，妻石亦自刎。 同死者，尚書士樸，工部郎中沈試，主事朱國慶，中書侯忻，廣西知府沈仔，威縣知縣張儒及舉人徐作霖、吳伯胤、周士美等六人，官生沈佖、侯矣等三人，貢生侯恒、沈誠、周士貴等八人，國學生侯悰、沈倜等四人，諸生吳伯裔、張渭、劉伯愚等一百十余人。 試，商丘人，大學士鯉之孫。 作霖、伯胤、伯裔、渭、伯愚，皆郡中名士。 則孔，忻州人。 一源，海鹽人。 世英，祥符人。 士樸自有傳。 賊既破歸德，尋陷鹿邑，知縣紀懋勛死之。 陷虞城，署縣事主簿孔亮死之。
Wang Shixiu, style name Kunliang, was from Qingyuan. He became a metropolitan graduate in Chongzhen year ten. He was investigating censor of Guide, then director in the Ministry of Works. In the second month of year fifteen Li Zicheng took Chenzhou and pressed on to Guide. Shixiu was leaving; colleagues asked him to stay and defend; he said, "I have served here long—to flee in crisis is not righteous. He joined Vice Magistrate Yan Zekong, Administrator Xu Yiyuan, Shangqiu Magistrate Liang Yizhang, Instructor Xia Shiying, retired Minister Zhou Shipu, and others in swearing the people to hold firm. The rebels besieged seven days; Governor Hou Xun's household was in Shangqiu; his son Fangxia cut through the gate with family troops, wounded defenders, and the line broke. The rebels poured in; Shixiu and Zekong were both killed. Zekong's daughter hanged herself on hearing it. Yiyuan held the north wall, killed many rebels; when the city fell he fought in the alleys, reviled them, and died. Yizhang took a rebel blade and long lay senseless; his wife Zhang, children, and servants all died, yet he survived. Shiying seized a knife and reviled the rebels; he died in the Hall of Bright Moral Teaching; his wife Shi cut her throat. Those who died with them included Minister Shipu, Works director Shen Shi, director Zhu Guoqing, drafter Hou Xin, Guangxi prefect Shen Zai, Weixian magistrate Zhang Ru, graduates Xu Zuolin, Wu Boyin, Zhou Shimei and six others, official students Shen Yi and Hou Yi and three more, tribute students Hou Heng, Shen Cheng, Zhou Shigui and eight others, academy students Hou Cong and Shen Tong and four more, and students Wu Boyi, Zhang Wei, Liu Boxian and more than a hundred and ten besides. Shi was from Shangqiu and grandson of Grand Secretary Li. Zuolin, Boyin, Boyi, Wei, and Boxian were all famed men of the prefecture. Zekong was from Xinzhou. Yiyuan was from Haiyan. Shiying was from Xiangfu. Shipu has his own biography. After Guide fell they soon took Luyi; Magistrate Ji Maoxun died. They took Yucheng; acting magistrate Kong Liang died.
32
許永禧，曲沃人。 由鄉舉為上蔡知縣，多惠政。 性耿介，嚬笑無所假。 崇禎十五年春，李自成遣數騎抵城下，脅降，永禧即督吏民城守。 賊大呼曰：「今日不降，明日屠！」 眾懼，永禧嘆曰：「賊勢披猖，彈丸邑豈能守，吾一死盡職而已！」 眾皆泣。 明日，賊果大至，守者驚潰。 永禧具袍笏，北面再拜，據案秉燭端坐。 賊入，遂自剄。
Xu Yongxi was from Quwo. He became magistrate of Shangcai through the provincial examination and ruled with many humane policies. Upright and unyielding by nature, he never smiled without reason. In the spring of year fifteen Li Zicheng sent horsemen to the wall to demand surrender; Yongxi at once rallied clerks and people to defend. The rebels shouted, "Surrender today or we slaughter tomorrow! The people panicked; Yongxi sighed, "The rebels run riot—how can this tiny county hold? I can only die doing my duty!" All wept. Next day the rebels came in force; the defenders broke and fled. Yongxi donned robe and hat, bowed twice north, and sat upright at his desk with a candle. When the rebels entered he cut his throat.
33
時西平、遂平先後皆陷。 西平知縣高鬥垣，繁峙人。 崇禎十二年由貢生授官。 為人孤鯁，以清慎得名。 城陷，被執不屈死。 遂平知縣劉英，貴州貢生，誓眾死守。 城陷，罵賊死。
Xiping and Suiping had both fallen in turn. Douyuan, magistrate of Xiping, was from Fanzhi. In Chongzhen year twelve he entered office through the tribute-student route. Solitary and stern, he was famed for integrity and caution. When the city fell he was seized and died refusing to submit. Liu Ying, Suiping magistrate, was a Guizhou tribute student and swore the people to die defending. When the city fell he reviled the rebels and died.
34
上蔡既陷，有官篆者，以汝寧通判往攝縣事。 城中民舍盡毀，篆廣招流亡，眾觀望不敢入。 會左良玉駐城南，兵士恣淫掠，眾始入城依篆。 村民遭難來訴，篆即入良玉營，責以大義，奪還之。 悍卒挾弓刃相向，篆坦腹當之，不敢害，民獲完家室者甚眾。 是年冬，汝寧陷，賊黨賀一龍掠地上蔡。 訛傳土寇剽掠，篆出禦之，陷陣死。 篆，膠州人，起家任子。
After Shangcai fell an official named Zuan went as Runan vice prefect to administer the county. The town was ruined; Zuan called back the displaced, but people hesitated to return. Zuo Liangyu camped south of the city and his men raped and plundered; only then did people enter and shelter under Zuan. Villagers came pleading; Zuan entered Liangyu's camp, rebuked him on duty, and recovered them. Fierce soldiers leveled bows and blades at him; Zuan bared his breast and they dared not harm him; many families were saved. That winter Runan fell; rebel ally He Yilong raided Shangcai. A false alarm said local bandits were raiding; Zuan rode out and died on the field. Zuan was from Jiaozhou and had begun as a hereditary clerk.
35
李貞佐，字無欲，安邑人。 少受業同里曹於汴之門，以學行著，後舉於鄉。 崇禎十四年除知郟縣。 初，李自成焚掠至郟，土寇導之，害前令邵可灼。 貞佐至，則練鄉兵，括土寇財充餉，時出郊勞耕者，月課士。 邑有姊妹二人抗賊死，拜其冢，祀以少牢。 民王錫胤有孝行，造廬禮之。 士民大悅。 明年二月，自成復來寇，貞佐集眾死守。 汝州吏目顧王家，仁和人，撫賊有功，當遷，汝人乞留以助之。 城陷，貞佐走拜其母曰：「兒不忠不孝，陷母至此。」 有勸微服遁者，不可，賊執之去，大罵。 見賊殺人，輒厲聲曰：「驅百姓固守者，我也，妄殺何為！」 賊割其舌，支解而死，母喬亦死。 友人王昱，相隨不去，賊義之。 昱收葬貞佐於南郊。 歲寒食，鄉人傾邑祭奠，廣其冢至二畝余。 贈河南僉事。 王家亦大聲叱賊，賊亂刃斫死。 子國誘賊發金墟墓間，用巨石擊殺之，賊遂盡殺郟人。
Li Zhenzuo, style name Wuyu, was from Anyi. In youth he studied under his townsman Cao Yubian and was famed for learning and conduct; later he passed the provincial examination. In Chongzhen year fourteen he became magistrate of Jia County. Earlier Li Zicheng had raided Jia; local bandits guided him and killed former magistrate Shao Kezhuo. When Zhenzuo arrived he drilled militia, seized bandit wealth for supplies, encouraged farmers in the fields, and examined students monthly. Two sisters in the district had resisted rebels and died; he bowed at their tombs and sacrificed with the secondary offering. The commoner Wang Xiyin was filial; Zhenzuo built a lodge to honor him. Gentry and people rejoiced. Next second month Zicheng attacked again; Zhenzuo rallied the people to die defending. Gu Wangjia, Ruzhou clerk from Renhe, had pacified rebels with merit and was due to transfer; the people of Ru begged he stay to help. When the city fell Zhenzuo ran to his mother and said, "I have been neither loyal nor filial and brought you to this. Some urged him to flee in disguise; he refused; the rebels seized him and he reviled them. Whenever he saw them kill he cried, "I drove the people to defend—why kill the innocent? They cut out his tongue and cut him apart; his mother Qiao died as well. His friend Wang Yu would not leave; the rebels honored him. Yu buried Zhenzuo in the southern suburbs. Each Cold Food Festival the whole district sacrificed; his mound was enlarged to more than two mu. He was posthumously made Henan assistant commissioner. Wang Jia also reviled the rebels; they hacked him to death. His son Guo lured rebels to open tombs in the mounds and killed them with a great stone; the rebels then slaughtered everyone in Jia.
36
郟有陳心學者，授知縣，不謁選而歸。 其友周卜歷舉鄉試，知內黃，以父喪歸裏。 自成陷郟，執兩人欲官之，心學不從被殺。 自成謂卜歷曰：「為我執知縣來，可代汝死。」 曰：「戕人以利己，仁者不為。」 賊怒，並殺之。
In Jia was Chen Xinxue, appointed magistrate but went home without taking up the post. His friend Zhou Bolü passed the provincial examination, became Neihuang magistrate, and went home for his father's mourning. When Zicheng took Jia he seized both and offered office; Xinxue refused and was killed. Zicheng told Bolü, "Fetch the magistrate for me and you may die in his stead. He said, "To harm another for one's own gain—no benevolent man would do it." The rebels in anger killed them both.
37
汝所轄四邑並陷。 寶豐知縣張人龍，遵化人。 城陷，不屈死。 妻年少，悍奴四人欲亂之。 妻飲以酒俾極歡，潛遣婢告丞尉，捕殺奴，乃扶櫬旋裏。 魯山知縣楊呈芳，山海衛人，有惠政。 練總詹思鸞與進士宗麟祥等謀不軌，呈芳捕斬之。 城陷，死。 伊陽知縣孔貞璞，曲阜人。 賊薄城，以守禦堅，解圍去。 他日有事汝陽，道遇賊，被執，亦不屈死。
All four counties under his jurisdiction fell. Baofeng Magistrate Zhang Renlong was from Zunhua. When the city fell he refused to submit and died. His wife was young; four brutal slaves meant to violate her. She plied them with wine until they were drunk, secretly sent a maid to the officials, had the slaves killed, then bore the coffin home. Lushan Magistrate Yang Chengfang was from Shanhai Guard and ruled humanely. Chief clerk Zhan Siluan and graduate Zong Linxiang plotted rebellion; Chengfang seized and beheaded them. When the city fell he died. Yiyang Magistrate Kong Zhenpu was from Qufu. When rebels pressed the walls the defense held and they withdrew. Later, on business at Ruyang, he met rebels on the road, was seized, and died refusing to submit.
38
寶豐之陷也，舉人李得笥短衣雜眾中，為所執。 賊謀主牛金星者，故舉人也，勸賊重用舉人，賊所至獲舉人，即授以官。 得笥終不自言，賊莫知其為舉人也，役使之，不肯，伺賊寐將刺之，賊覺，被殺。 或告賊曰：「此舉人也。」 賊懼，棄其屍而去。
When Baofeng fell graduate Li Desi, dressed plainly among the crowd, was seized. Niu Jinxing, the rebel strategist, had been a provincial graduate; he urged heavy use of graduates; wherever they went, graduates were given office. Desi never revealed himself; the rebels did not know he was a graduate and set him to labor; he refused; he waited until they slept to stab them; they awoke and killed him. Someone told the rebels, "This man is a graduate. The rebels were afraid and abandoned his body.
39
時中州舉人盡節者，南陽張鳳翷、王明物，洛陽張民表，永城夏雲醇，商城余容善，光州王者琯，光山胡植，嵩縣王翼明，並罵賊死。
Central-plain graduates who died for integrity included Zhang Fenghang and Wang Mingwu of Nanyang, Zhang Minbiao of Luoyang, Xia Yunchun of Yongcheng, Yu Rongshan of Shangcheng, Wang Zheguan of Guangzhou, Hu Zhi of Guangshan, and Wang Yiming of Song—all reviled the rebels and died.
40
魯世任，字愧尹，垣曲人。 性端方，事親孝。 從安邑曹於汴學，又交絳州辛全，學日有聞。 天啟末舉於鄉。 崇禎十年知鄭州，建天中書院，集士子講肄其中，遠近從學者千人。 十三年秋，給事中範士髦薦世任及臨城諸生喬己百、內丘太原通判喬中和於朝，稱為德行醇儒，堪繼薛瑄、陳獻章之後。 乞召試平臺，置左右備顧問，不報。 十五年，流賊來犯，世任勒民兵禦之河干，戰敗自剄死。 士民祀之書院中。
Lu Shiren, style name Kuiyin, was from Yuanqu. Upright by nature, he was filial toward his parents. He studied under Cao Yubian of Anyi and befriended Xin Quan of Jiangzhou; his learning grew daily. At the end of Tianqi he passed the provincial examination. In Chongzhen year ten he became Zhengzhou magistrate, built the Tianzhong Academy, and a thousand students came from near and far. In the autumn of year thirteen Fan Shimao recommended Shiren, student Qiao Jibai, and vice prefect Qiao Zhonghe as pure Confucians fit to follow Xue Xuan and Chen Xianzhang. He asked they be tested at court and kept as advisers; no reply came. In year fifteen roving rebels attacked; Shiren led militia at the river, was defeated, and cut his throat. The people enshrined him in the academy.
41
其年正月，賊陷襄城，知縣曹思正被殺，訓導張信罵賊不屈死，典史趙鳳豸拒賊死。 復陷西華，知縣劉伯驂懷印投井死。 明年，汜水陷，知縣周騰蛟亦死焉。
That first month the rebels took Xiangcheng; Magistrate Cao Sizheng was killed; Instructor Zhang Xin reviled them and died; Registrar Zhao Fengzhi resisted and died. They again took Xihua; Magistrate Liu Boxiang clasped the seal and drowned himself. The next year when Sishui fell Magistrate Zhou Tengjiao died as well.
42
伯驂，河間人。 由歲貢生得官。 賊信急，遣妻奉母歸。 及城被困，有勸出降者，立斬之，登陴死守。 賊驅其下為十覆，叠攻之，城遂陷，抗節死。
Boxiang was from Hejian. He entered office through the annual tribute selection. When rebel alarms grew urgent he sent his wife to escort his mother home. When the city was besieged some urged surrender; he beheaded them at once and mounted the walls to die defending. The rebels drove ten successive assaults; the city fell; he died holding his integrity.
43
騰蛟，香河舉人。 邑兵荒，撫字有術，以其間厘定徭役，民甚便之。 城孤懸河畔，縣人吳邦清等於城南立七砦相掎角，摩天砦最險。 土寇李際遇伺騰蛟往河北，急據之，遂攻縣城。 騰蛟聞，力請於上官，救兵至，始解去。 騰蛟念故城難守，遷縣治於摩天砦以扼賊沖。 未幾，賊大至，持十余日，勢且不支，砦臨河，可渡以免。 騰蛟曰：「吾何忍舍眾獨生！」 遂自投於河。 賊退，人從河濱獲其屍，印懸肘間。
Tengjiao was a Xianghe provincial graduate. The district knew war and famine; he governed skillfully and fixed corvée labor; the people were greatly eased. The city stood alone on the river; Wu Bangqing and others built seven stockades south of town in mutual support; Motian Stockade was the strongest. Local bandit Li Jiyu, seeing Tengjiao go to Hebei, seized Motian Stockade and attacked the county seat. Tengjiao urgently pleaded with superiors; relief came and the siege lifted. Thinking the old city indefensible, Tengjiao moved the seat to Motian Stockade to block the rebel corridor. Soon rebels came in force; they held ten days but could not endure; the stockade faced the river and escape was possible. Tengjiao said, "How can I abandon the people and live alone! He threw himself into the river. When the rebels withdrew his body was recovered from the river; the seal hung at his elbow.
44
河南凡八郡，三在河北，自六年蹂躪後，賊未再犯。 其南五郡十一州七十三縣，靡不殘破，有再破三破者。 城郭丘墟，人民百不存一。 朝廷亦不復設官。 間有設者，不敢至其地，遙寄治他所。 其遺黎僅存者，率結山寨自保，多者數千人，少者數百。 最大者，洛陽則際遇，汝寧則沈萬登，南陽則劉洪起兄弟，各擁眾數萬，而諸小寨悉歸之。 或附賊，或受朝命，陰陽觀望。 獨洪起嘗官副總兵，頗恭順。 其後諸人自相吞並，中原禍亂於是為極。 至十六年四月，帝特下詔蠲五郡賦三年，諭諸人赦其罪，斬偽官者受職，捕賊徒者賫金，復城獻俘者不次擢用，然事已不可為矣。
Henan had eight prefectures; three lay north of the river; after the ravaging of year six rebels did not return there. The five southern prefectures, eleven departments, and seventy-three counties were all ruined; some fell two or three times. Walls became ruins; scarcely one person in a hundred remained. The court ceased appointing officials. When officials were named they dared not go and governed from afar. Survivors mostly formed mountain stockades; the largest had thousands, the smallest hundreds. The greatest were Jiyu at Luoyang, Shen Wandeng at Runan, and the Liu Hongqi brothers at Nanyang, each with tens of thousands; smaller stockades submitted to them. Some joined rebels, some took court commissions, watching which way fortune turned. Only Hongqi had been vice regional commander and was comparatively deferential. Later they devoured one another, and central-plain calamity reached its height. In the fourth month of year sixteen the Emperor remitted three years' taxes in the five prefectures, pardoned crimes, granted office for beheading puppet officials, rewarded gold for capturing rebels, and promised extraordinary promotion for restoring cities—but it was already too late.
45
劉禋，字誠吾，中部人。 祖仕，刑部郎中，以諍大禮廷杖。 後與定李福達獄，下吏遣戍。 穆宗朝起太仆少卿，不就。 父爾完，歷知商丘、名山，有學行。 禋性孝，母歿於名山，四千里扶櫬，過劍閣雲棧，以肩任之。 父少寐，愛聽《史記》，禋每夕朗誦，俟父熟寢乃已，崇禎四年，賊陷中部，禋負父走免。 十四年由鄉舉授登封知縣。 土寇為亂，禋練壯士，且守且戰，寇不敢近。 十五年，李自成陷其城，禋被縛。 自成以同郡故欲降之，禋叱曰：「豈有奕世清白吏肯降賊耶！」 自成義之，遣賊將反覆說，禋執彌厲，乃見殺。 贈僉事。
Liu Yin, style name Chengwu, was from Zhongbu. His grandfather Shi was a Ministry of Justice director beaten at court in the Great Rites controversy. Later, in the Li Fuda case, he was imprisoned and exiled. Under Muzong he was summoned as Junior Director of the Stud but refused. His father Erwan had been magistrate of Shangqiu and Mingshan and was a man of learning and conduct. Filial by nature, when his mother died at Mingshan he carried the coffin four thousand li over Sword Gate and the cloud ladders on his shoulders. His father slept lightly and loved the Records of the Grand Historian; Yin read aloud each night until his father slept; in Chongzhen year four rebels took Zhongbu and Yin carried his father to safety. In year fourteen he became Dengfeng magistrate through the provincial examination. Local bandits rebelled; Yin drilled stalwarts and fought and defended; bandits dared not approach. In year fifteen Li Zicheng took his city; Yin was bound. Zicheng, as a fellow townsman, wished to win him over; Yin cried, "How could a spotless official of generations yield to rebels! Zicheng honored him and sent generals again and again; Yin held firmer still and was killed. He was posthumously made vice commissioner.
46
陳顯元者，由副榜授新安知縣。 惡衣糲食，徒步咨疾苦。 以城堞傾頹，寇至不能守，率士民入保闕門寨。 賊檄降，立碎其檄。 及來犯，死守月余，力竭而陷。 見賊怒罵。 賊大殺寨中人，顯元叱曰：「守寨者，我也。 百姓何辜，寧殺我！」 賊怒，遂支解而死。
Chen Xianyuan entered through the supplementary list and became Xin'an magistrate. He wore coarse clothes, ate plain food, and walked the district to hear people's woes. With crumbling walls he could not hold the city; he led gentry and people into Quemen Stockade. The rebels sent a surrender summons; he tore it to pieces. When they attacked he held more than a month; strength failed and the stockade fell. When he saw the rebels he reviled them. The rebels massacred the stockade; Xianyuan cried, "I held this stockade. The people are innocent—kill me instead! The rebels in fury cut him apart.
47
當是時，河南被賊尤酷，故死事者尤多，其傳隸未詳者，開封之陷，則同知蘇茂均，通判彭士奇，大使徐升、閻生白皆死之。 士奇，高要人，由鄉舉。 河南之陷，則先後知府亢孟檜、王蔭長，通判白守文，訓導張道脈，靈寶知縣朱挺，或被執不屈，或陷城自盡。 孟檜，臨汾人。 蔭長，吳橋人。 並由鄉舉。 南陽之陷，則葉縣知縣張我翼被害，新野先後知縣陳公、丘茂表皆死之。 汝寧之陷，武臣則遊擊朱崇祖，千戶劉懋勛、楊紹祖、袁永基同子世蔭，百戶葉榮蔭、張承德、李衍壽、閻忠國，皆力戰死。 崇祖妻孫、永基母王亦死之。 歲貢生林景昜，國學生趙得庚、楊道臨等，諸生趙重明、費明棟、楊應禎、李士諤等，皆死之。 巡按御史蘇京奉詔錄上，凡二百四十九人。 後因國變，諸籍散佚。 蓋武職及州縣末秩、舉貢諸生，所遺者幾什之五六。
Henan suffered especially from rebels, so deaths for the state were especially many; among those not detailed here, when Kaifeng fell Vice Magistrate Su Maojun, Vice Prefect Peng Shiji, and Grand Masters Xu Sheng and Yan Shengbai died. Shiji was from Gaoyao and entered through the provincial examination. When Henan fell, prefects Kang Menggui and Wang Yinzhang, Vice Prefect Bai Shouwen, Instructor Zhang Daomai, and Lingbao Magistrate Zhu Ting were seized and refused to yield or killed themselves when cities fell. Menggui was from Linfen. Yinzhang was from Wuqiao. Both entered through the provincial examination. When Nanyang fell Ye County Magistrate Zhang Woyi was killed; Xinye magistrates Chen Gong and Qiu Maobiao both died. When Runan fell, mobile corps commander Zhu Chongzu, centurions Liu Maoxun, Yang Shaozu, and Yuan Yongji with his son Shiyin, and company commanders Ye Rongyin, Zhang Chengde, Li Yanshou, and Yan Zhongguo all died fighting. Chongzu's wife Sun and Yongji's mother Wang died as well. Annual tribute student Lin Jingyi, academy students Zhao Degeng and Yang Daolin, and students Zhao Chongming, Fei Mingdong, Yang Yingzhen, and Li Shie all died. Touring Censor Su Jing was ordered to record and submit the list: two hundred forty-nine in all. Later, with the dynastic collapse, the registers were lost. For military officers, low county ranks, graduates, and students, only about five or six tenths of the dead remain on record.
48
何燮，字中理，晉江人。 舉於鄉。 崇禎中，知亳州。 州自八年後，寇賊交橫，益以饑饉，民死徙過半。 燮盡心拊循，營戰守具甚備。 未幾，山東、河南土寇叠至，燮戰盧家廟，生擒賊魁二人，刳其腸示眾，撫降者數千人。 十五年二月，李自成陷河南，居民望風逃竄，城空不能守。 賊至，執燮欲降之，罵不屈，斷足剖胸而死，懸首市上三日，耳鼻猶動。 賊遂縱兵四出，霍丘、靈璧、盱眙皆陷。
He Xie, style name Zhongli, was from Jinjiang. He passed the provincial examination. In the Chongzhen era he was magistrate of Bozhou. From year eight onward rebels crisscrossed the prefecture; famine followed, and more than half the people died or fled. Xie devoted himself to relief and made thorough preparations for war and defense. Soon Shandong and Henan bandits came in waves; at Lujia Temple Xie captured two chiefs alive, disemboweled them before the crowd, and pacified several thousand surrendering men. In the second month of year fifteen Li Zicheng took Henan; people fled; the city emptied and could not be held. The rebels seized him and urged surrender; he reviled them and would not yield; they cut off his feet and opened his chest; his head hung in the market three days, ears and nose still twitching. The rebels then ravaged outward; Huoqiu, Lingbi, and Xuyi all fell.
49
霍丘，八年春嘗陷，至是再陷。 知縣左相申率兵巷戰，力屈死之。 巡檢吳姓者，鬥死。 靈璧知縣唐良銳，全州舉人。 城陷，抗罵死。 盱眙，先被陷，賊至，士民悉走，獨主簿胡淵不去。 縣故無城，淵持戟至龜山寺力鬥，殪數人。 賊駭欲遁，會馬蹶被執，奮罵而死。 淵，永年人，起家貢生。
Huoqiu had fallen once in the spring of year eight; now it fell again. Magistrate Zuo Xiangshen fought in the alleys and died when his strength failed. An inspector surnamed Wu died in combat. Lingbi Magistrate Tang Liangrui was a Quanzhou provincial graduate. When the city fell he resisted, reviled them, and died. Xuyi had fallen earlier; when rebels came everyone fled; only Registrar Hu Yuan remained. The county had no wall; Yuan took a halberd to Guishan Temple and killed several men. The rebels panicked and meant to flee; his horse stumbled and he was seized; he fought and reviled them and died. Yuan was from Yongnian and had entered office as a tribute student.
50
趙興基，雲南太和人。 崇禎初，以鄉舉通判廬州。 賀一龍、左金王等五部據英、霍二山，暑入秋出以為常。 督師楊嗣昌遣監軍僉事楊卓然招之，受侮而返。 十四年六月襲陷英山，知縣高在飖抗賊死。 十二月陷潛山，知縣李胤嘉、典史沈所安素苛急，奸民導賊執之，並不屈死。 所安子亦死焉。
Zhao Xingji was from Taihe in Yunnan. Early in Chongzhen he became Luzhou vice prefect through the provincial examination. He Yilong, Zuo Jinwang, and five bands held the Ying and Huo mountains, entering in summer and leaving in autumn. Yang Sichang sent Yang Zhuoran to induce surrender; he was insulted and returned. In the sixth month of year fourteen they seized Yingshan; Magistrate Gao Zaiyao resisted and died. In the twelfth month they took Qianshan; Magistrate Li Yinjia and Registrar Shen Suoan were harsh; traitors guided the rebels to seize them; both refused to submit and died. Suoan's son died as well.
51
十五年，張獻忠為左良玉所敗，走與諸部合，遂以三月攻舒城。 逾月城陷，改為得勝州，據之。 遣其黨分掠旁邑，遊騎日抵廬州城下。 興基與知府鄭履祥、經歷鄭元綬、合肥知縣潘登貴、指揮同知趙之璞、裏居參政程楷分門守。 監司蔡如蘅貪戾，民不附，賊諜滿城中不能知。 五月，提學御史徐之垣以試士至，獻忠遣其徒偽為諸生，襲儒冠以入，夜半舉炮，城中大擾。 之垣、如蘅及履祥、登貴並縋城走。 興基時守水西門，聞變，挺刃下戍樓與鬥，斬數人，被創死。 元綬、楷共守南薰門，元綬力鬥死，楷不屈死。 之璞守東門，巷戰死。
In year fifteen Zhang Xianzhong was beaten by Zuo Liangyu, fled, joined other bands, and in the third month attacked Shucheng. After a month the city fell; they renamed it Desheng Prefecture and held it. He sent partisans to plunder neighboring counties; raiders daily reached Luzhou's walls. Xingji with Prefect Zheng Luxiang, Administrator Zheng Yuanshou, Hefei Magistrate Pan Denggui, Assistant Commander Zhao Zhipu, and retired Administrator Cheng Kai held each gate. Supervisor Cai Ruheng was greedy and cruel; the people would not follow him; rebel spies filled the city unseen. In the fifth month Educational Censor Xu Zhiyuan came to test students; Xianzhong sent men disguised as students in scholar caps; at midnight they fired cannon and the city erupted in chaos. Zhiyuan, Ruheng, Luxiang, and Denggui all fled over the wall. Xingji held the west water gate; hearing the alarm he drew his blade, descended to fight, killed several men, took wounds, and died. Yuanshou and Kai held the Nanxun Gate together; Yuanshou fought hard and died; Kai refused to submit and died. Zhipu held the east gate, fought in the alleys, and died.
52
賊乘勢連陷含山、巢縣、廬江及無為、六安，又陷太湖。 知縣楊春芳、典史陳知訓、教諭沈鴻起、訓導婁懋履並死焉。
The rebels pressed on to take Hanshan, Chaoxian, Lujiang, Wuwei, Lu'an, and Taihu. Magistrate Yang Chunfang, Registrar Chen Zhixun, Instructor Shen Hongqi, and Instructor Lou Maoli all died.
53
廬州城池高深。 八年春，賊百方力攻，知府吳太樸堅守不下。 後屢犯，終不得誌，至是以計得之。 履祥、登貴懼罪，委之興基。 總督史可法察其冤以聞，乃治守令罪，而贈興基河南僉事，楷光祿卿，元綬亦贈恤。
Luzhou's walls were deep and high. In the spring of year eight rebels attacked with every method; Prefect Wu Taipu held firm and they could not take it. They attacked repeatedly without success; now they took it by trickery. Luxiang and Denggui, fearing blame, laid it on Xingji. Governor-General Shi Kefa investigated and reported the injustice; the officials were punished, while Xingji was posthumously made Henan assistant commissioner, Kai Grand Master of Splendid Happiness, and Yuanshou honored as well.
54
方賊攻舒城，縣令適以憂去，裏居編修胡守恒與遊擊孔廷訓督民兵共守。 會遊擊縱所部淫掠，士民遂叛降賊。 城將陷，悍卒殺守恒。 事聞，贈少詹事，謚文節。
When rebels attacked Shucheng the magistrate was away in mourning; retired compiler Hu Shouheng and mobile corps commander Kong Tingxun led militia in defense. The mobile corps let its men rape and plunder; the people rebelled and surrendered to the rebels. As the city was about to fall fierce soldiers killed Shouheng. On report he was posthumously made Junior Mentor with the posthumous title Wenjie.