Dai Xi (戴熙) | 24 Histories

Overview

Dai Xi was an official and Painter.

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Posthumous name	Wenjie	文節	Wénjié

Life and dates

Death

AD 1860 十年
Drowned himself · Cause City fell · At Hangzhou 杭州
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 399, passages 101, 109

Attested activity

AD 1858 八年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 399, passage 98
AD 1860 十年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 399, passages 102-103, 109
AD 1851 to AD 1853 咸豐初
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 399, passage 95
AD 1821 to AD 1850 當視學廣東，陛辭，宣宗諭曰
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 399, passage 114

Family

Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.

Kin of Jin (金)
daughter-in-law 媳 · Through Son of Dai Xi
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 399, passage 110
Kin of Wang Chaorong (王朝榮)
nephew 甥
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 399, passage 110
Parent of Son of Dai Xi
son 子 · paternal line
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 399, passage 110
Sibling of Dai Xu (戴煦)
younger brother 弟 · Uncertain siblings · paternal line
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 399, passages 110, 112
Sibling of Dai Tao (戴燾)
younger brother 弟 · Uncertain siblings · paternal line
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 399, passage 106

Career and standing

educational commissioner of Guangdong 視學廣東
AD 1821 to AD 1850 當視學廣東 · Held · At Guangdong 廣東
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 399, passage 114
ministerial rank 尚書銜
AD 1860 十年 · Posthumously granted
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 399, passage 111
second-rank official's cap button 二品頂戴
AD 1858 八年 · Granted
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 399, passage 100
special shrine 專祠
AD 1860 十年 · Granted
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 399, passage 111
Wenjie 文節
AD 1860 十年 · Posthumously granted
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 399, passage 111
Commandant of Cavalry concurrently Commandant of Cloud Cavalry, hereditary 騎都尉兼雲騎尉世職
AD 1860 十年 · Posthumously granted
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 399, passage 111

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Dismissed
AD 1821 to AD 1850 後以直言黜 · Dismissal · Reason speaking bluntly
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 399, passage 117

Places and affiliations

Polity Qing 清 · Relation Served
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 399, passage 95
AD 1860 十年
At Hangzhou 杭州 · Relation Defended
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 399, passages 101, 109
AD 1851 to AD 1853 咸豐初
At capital 京 · Relation Summoned to
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 399, passage 95

Learning and skills

Skill painting 畫 · Level especially skilled
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 399, passages 113-114

Works and attributed material

Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation · Extent Unit Ids s0105
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 399, passage 105

Events and relationships

Arranged troops and supplies
AD 1858 八年 · Military · Assistant · With Yan Duanshu (晏端書) · At eastern Zhejiang 浙東
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 399, passages 98-99
Detected feint
AD 1860 十年 · Military · Commander
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 399, passage 107
Died when city fell
AD 1860 十年 · Military · Martyr · At Hangzhou 杭州
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 399, passage 109
Entrusted militia
AD 1860 十年 · Military · Commander · With Duan Guangqing (段光清) · At Dusong and Qianqiu passes 獨松、千秋等關
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 399, passage 103
Held northwest corner
AD 1860 十年 · Military · Defender · With Dai Tao (戴燾)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 399, passage 106
Organized militia and donations
AD 1851 to AD 1853 咸豐初 · Military · Organizer · At Zhejiang 浙江
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 399, passages 96-97

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Proposed defense outside walls
AD 1860 十年 · Military · Adviser · Outcome Plans not adopted
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 399, passage 105
Recommended for office
AD 1851 to AD 1853 咸豐初 · Political · Nominee · With Sun Ruizhen (孫瑞珍) · Outcome Summoned to the capital to await appointment but did not come because of illness
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 399, passage 95
Relation Peer painter of · Person Tang Yifen (湯貽汾)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 399, passage 119

Assessments and attributes

Assessment cultivated an austere, unconventional manner · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 399, passage 113
Assessment held in high esteem by Xuanzong · Mode historian-judgment · Witness Person Id Emperor Xuanzong (宣宗)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 399, passage 116
Assessment valued all the more after dying for integrity · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 399, passage 118

Source notes

Historicity historical
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 399, passage 120

References in the histories

Search passages

History

12 passages

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 399Volume 399 Biographies 186: Lv Xianji, Zou Minghe, Dai Xi, Tang Yifen, Zhang Fei, Huang Cong, Tao Tingjie, Feng Peiyuan, Sun Mingen, Shen Bingyuan, Zhang Xigeng · 12 passages

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咸豐初，詔舉人才，尚書孫瑞珍以熙薦，召來京候簡用，因病未至。 Early in the Xianfeng reign an edict called for men of talent. Minister Sun Ruizhen recommended Xi, who was summoned to the capital to await appointment but did not come because of illness.

熙偕官紳勸諭捐輸，舉行團練。 Xi worked with officials and gentry to encourage donations and organize militia.

八年，粵匪由江西擾浙東，熙助巡撫晏端書籌調兵食，乞援鄰境。 In the eighth year Guangdong rebels from Jiangxi raided eastern Zhejiang. Xi helped Governor Yan Duanshu arrange troops and supplies and asked neighboring provinces for aid.

熙以所部練勇付按察使段光清，會旗兵防獨松、千秋等關。 Xi placed his militia under provincial judge Duan Guangqing and joined banner troops in defending the passes at Dusong, Qianqiu, and elsewhere.

熙謂用兵無獨守孤城之理，宜分營城外相犄角，又議乘賊初至迎擊，皆未行。 Xi argued that warfare did not permit defending a lone city in isolation; camps should be posted outside the walls in mutual support, and he also proposed meeting the rebels as soon as they arrived, but none of these plans was adopted.

熙與弟燾助守西北隅，砲斃黃衣賊一人，賊遽退匿山後。 Xi and his brother Tao helped hold the northwest corner. Cannon fire killed one rebel in yellow garb, and the rebels quickly fell back behind the hills.

眾謂賊且遁，熙料其詐，偵之，果轉赴西南。 People thought the rebels were about to flee, but Xi suspected a feint; when he sent scouts, they found the rebels had turned toward the southwest.

賊於宋鎮湖門故址穴地轟城，遂陷，熙赴水死之。 The rebels tunneled under the old site of the Song Zhenhu Gate and blasted the wall. The city fell, and Xi drowned himself.

事聞，贈尚書銜，建專祠，予騎都尉兼雲騎尉世職，諡文節。 When word reached the court, he was posthumously granted ministerial rank, given a special shrine, awarded the combined hereditary ranks of Commandant of Cavalry and Commandant of Cloud Cavalry, and given the posthumous title Wenjie, 'Cultured Integrity.'

熙雅尚絕俗，尤善畫。 Xi cultivated an austere, unconventional manner and was especially skilled at painting.

同時湯貽汾畫負盛名，與熙相匹。 At the same time Tang Yifen enjoyed great fame as a painter and was Xi's equal.

亦殉江寧之難，同以忠義顯，世稱戴、湯雲。 He too died in the fall of Jiangning; both became renowned for loyalty and righteousness, and the age spoke of them together as Dai and Tang.