Deposed Emperor of Jin (晋出帝)

Overview

The translated histories identify Deposed Emperor of Jin as a ruler. This record brings together 22 passages from 5 chapters across 2 histories, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.

Names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal	Deposed Emperor of Jin	晋出帝	Jìn Chūdì
Title	Deposed Emperor	出帝	Chu Di
Title	Deposed Emperor	出帝
Title	Deposed Emperor of Jin	晋出帝
Title	Jin’s Last Emperor	晉出帝
Title	Son of Heaven	天子
Nickname	Weizi	卫子	Weizi
Title	young lord	少主
Epithet	Young Lord	少主	Shaozhu
Title	出帝	出帝

Identity

Historicity: Historical
Identification: Named
Sex: Male

Sex: male
Strongly inferred · xinwudaishi:012:s0052
Sex: male
Explicit · xinwudaishi:029:s0020, xinwudaishi:034:s0073, xinwudaishi:049:s0008

Roles

Ruler

Life and dates

Attested activity

Source Date: Text: 五代 · Western Interval: Start: AD 907 · End: AD 960
Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:012:s0052
Source Date: Text: 出帝 · Western Year: AD 944
Explicit · xinwudaishi:049:s0008, xinwudaishi:049:s0037
Source Date: Text: 出帝即位 · Western Interval: Start: AD 942 · End: AD 946
Explicit · xinwudaishi:034:s0073
Source Date: Text: 出帝即位 · Western Year: AD 942
Explicit · xinwudaishi:029:s0020
Source Date: Text: 天福八年秋 · Western Year: AD 943
Explicit · xinwudaishi:029:s0068
Source Date: Text: 契丹犯京师 · Western Year: AD 946
Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:029:s0037, xinwudaishi:029:s0038
Source Date: Text: 少主不納 · Western Interval: Start: AD 942 · End: AD 947
Strongly inferred · jiuwudaishi:119:s0170
Source Date: Text: 明年春 · Western Year: AD 944
Explicit · xinwudaishi:029:s0073
Source Date: Text: 開運中 · Western Interval: Start: AD 944 · End: AD 946
Explicit · xinwudaishi:034:s0057

Family

Kin of Empress Dowager (太后)
Kinship Term: empress dowager / 太后 · Subject Role: empress-dowager · Object Role: emperor
Kin of Chongrui (重睿)
Kinship Term: imperial younger brother / 皇弟 · Subject Role: younger-brother · Object Role: elder-brother · Subject Relative Age: younger · Line: paternal

Career and standing

Date Context: Source Date: Text: 出帝即位 · Western Year: AD 942
Explicit · xinwudaishi:029:s0020, xinwudaishi:034:s0073

Places and affiliations

Polity: Later Jin / 晉 · Relation: ruled
Explicit · xinwudaishi:049:s0008
Polity: Later Jin / 晋 · Relation: ruled
Explicit · xinwudaishi:029:s0020

Events and relationships

Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: defeated · Other Person Id: Yang Guangyuan (楊光遠)
Explicit · xinwudaishi:049:s0008
Kind: legal · Role: authority · Action: imprisoned-and-executed · Other Person Id: Cheng Fuyun (程福赟)
Explicit · xinwudaishi:034:s0060
Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: northern-campaign-against-Khitans
Explicit · xinwudaishi:034:s0057
Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: rescued-generals
Explicit · xinwudaishi:029:s0075
Kind: ignored-remonstrance · Role: addressee · Other Person Id: Shi Ang (石昂)
Explicit · xinwudaishi:034:s0073

Assessments and attributes

Assessment: muddled / lost in disorder · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgment
Explicit · xinwudaishi:049:s0037

References in the histories

Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 119Volume 119 Book of Later Zhou 21: Shizong Annals 6 · 1 passage

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先帝潛龍時，亦上疏請解其兵權，以備非常之變，少主不納，未幾先帝遂有天下。 When Taizu was still in obscurity, Tao also memorialized to strip him of military authority against extraordinary change; the young lord did not accept it, and before long Taizu possessed the realm.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 12Volume 12 Later Zhou Annals 3: Shizong, Emperor Gong · 1 passage

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二年五代乱世，以嗣君即位者五，而改元不依古者四，梁末帝、晋出帝即位逾年，宜改元而不改，又明年然后改，汉隐帝、周世宗皆仍称先帝年号，终其世不改，而本纪无讥者，但书其实，自见其失也。 In the second year: in the chaotic age of the Five Dynasties, five successors took the throne, yet four did not change the reign title according to ancient practice. Liang’s last emperor and Jin’s deposed emperor, more than a year after accession, ought to have changed the era name but did not, changing only the following year. Han’s Hidden Emperor and Zhou’s Shizong both kept their predecessors’ era names to the end without change, and the annals offer no censure—they simply record the facts, and the fault shows itself.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 29Volume 29 Later Jin Biographies 9: Sang Weihan, Jing Yanguang, Wu Luan · 11 passages

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出帝即位，召拜侍中。 The Deposed Emperor made him Palace Attendant.

高祖崩，出帝立，延广有力，颇伐其功。 The High Ancestor died; the Deposed Emperor rose. Yanguang had clout and trumpeted his deeds.

初，出帝立，晋大臣议告契丹，致表称臣，延广独不肯，但致书称孙而已，大臣皆知其不可而不能夺。 At the new reign Jin’s ministers meant to notify the Khitan as subjects. Yanguang alone refused—he wrote as grandson, not vassal. Everyone knew disaster would follow; none could stop him.

契丹果怒，数以责晋，延广谓契丹使者乔莹曰：「先皇帝北朝所立，今卫子中国自册，可以为孙，而不可为臣。 The Khitan raged and rebuked Jin again and again. Yanguang told envoy Qiao Ying: “Your court made our last emperor. Weizi’s Son of Heaven enthrones himself—we are grandson, not subject.

天福八年秋，出帝幸大年庄还，置酒延广第。 Autumn, Tianfu eight: the emperor feasted at Yanguang’s house after Danian Manor.

明年春，契丹入寇，延广从出帝北征为御营使，相拒澶、魏之间。 Next spring the Khitan invaded. Yanguang marched north as imperial camp commissioner, facing them between Chan and Wei.

契丹去，出帝还京师，乃出延广为河南尹，留守西京。 The Khitan withdrew; the emperor sent Yanguang to govern Henan and hold the western capital.

明年，出帝幸澶渊，以延广从，皆无功。 Next year he marched to Chanyuan with Yanguang—to no gain.

及少主新立，衅结兵连，败约起争，发自延广。 The Young Lord’s reign tied enmity to war; the broken pact began with Yanguang.

出帝即位，与契丹绝盟，河北诸州皆警，以谓贝州水陆之冲，缓急可以转饷，乃积刍粟数十万，以王令温为永清军节度使。 The Deposed Emperor broke with the Khitan; the north was on edge. Beizhou sat on land and water routes—fodder could be rushed there in crisis. They piled hundreds of thousands of bundles and made Wang Lingwen governor of Yongqing.

而令温家属为契丹所虏，出帝悯之，以令温为武胜军节度使，后累历方镇，周显德中卒。 Lingwen’s family was captured. The emperor pitied him and made him governor of Wusheng; he served on until Zhou’s Xiande era.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 34Volume 34 Biographies of Recluses 14: Zhen Gao, Shi Ang, Cheng Fuyun, Li Zilun · 5 passages

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出帝即位，晉政日壞，昂數上疏極諫，不聽，乃稱疾東歸，以壽終于家。 When the Deposed Emperor came to the throne, Jin governance grew worse day by day. Ang repeatedly submitted sharp memorials, was ignored, pleaded illness, returned east, and died at home in old age.

晉出帝時，為奉國右廂都指揮使。 Under the Deposed Emperor of Jin he commanded the Fengguo right wing.

開運中，契丹入寇，出帝北征，奉國軍士乘間夜縱火焚營，欲因以為亂，福赟身自救火被傷，火滅而亂者不得發。 In the Kaiyun era, when the Deposed Emperor marched north against the Khitans, Fengguo troops set the camp ablaze by night to mutiny; Fuyun fought the fire himself, was wounded, and quelled the plot.

福赟以為契丹且大至，而天子在軍，京師虛空，不宜以小故動搖人聽，因匿其事不以聞。 He believed the Khitans would come in force while the emperor was in the field and the capital empty—a small fire should not panic the army; he hid the affair and did not report it.

出帝下福赟獄，人皆以為冤，福赟終不自辨以見殺。 The Deposed Emperor imprisoned him; all called it unjust; Fuyun never defended himself and was executed.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 49Volume 49 Miscellaneous Biographies 29: Di Guangye, Feng Hui, Huang Fuhui, Tang Jingsi, Wang Jin, Chang Si, Sun Fangjian · 4 passages

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出帝已破楊光遠，以光鄴為青州防禦使。 Once the Deposed Emperor had broken Yang Guangyuan, Guangye was made defender of Qing.

是時，出帝昏亂，馮玉、李彥韜等用事，暉曲意事之，因得復鎮靈武。 The Deposed Emperor was lost; Feng Yu and Li Yantao held court. Hui courted them and won Lingwu back.

出帝時，契丹攻陷貝州，景思為趙延壽所得，以為壕砦使。 Under the Deposed Emperor the Khitan took Bei; Jingsi fell to Zhao Yanshou and was made trench commissioner.

晉出帝時，義武軍節度使惡方諫聚徒山中，恐為邊患，因表以為遊奕使。 Under Jin’s Last Emperor the Yiwu commissioner hated Fangjian for gathering men in the hills and feared border trouble; he memorialized to make him roving patrol commissioner.