Emperor Huizong (徽宗)

Overview

Emperor Huizong was an emperor, Ritual Author, and Lawgiver.

IdentityHistorical · Male

Roles

Found in

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Posthumous name	Emperor Jingxuan	景宣皇帝

Life and dates

Death

AD 1137 去年春，兩宮凶問既至
Mode named-source-report
Directly stated · History of Song 359, passage 192
AD 1137 紹興七年
Directly stated · History of Song 110, passage 148

Attested activity

AD 1137 去年春，兩宮凶問既至
Dated from the passage context · History of Song 359, passages 184, 192
AD 1108 大觀二年
Dated from the passage context · History of Song 118, passages 159-160
AD 1128 天會六年策問
Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 127, passage 64
AD 1135 天會十三年九月
Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 32, passage 5
AD 1100 to AD 1126 宋徽宗
Strongly inferred · History of Ming 122, passage 82
AD 1100 宋徽宗嗣位
Directly stated · History of Liao 74, passage 99

Show 10 more source-backed claims

AD 1102 崇寧元年
Dated from the passage context · History of Song 144, passage 221
AD 1100 to AD 1126 徽宗
Strongly inferred · History of Song 112, passage 43; History of Song 115, passage 6
AD 1127 徽宗北狩
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 85, passage 110
AD 1100 徽宗即位
Directly stated · History of Song 110, passage 143
AD 1113 徽宗改公主為姬
Strongly inferred · History of Song 115, passage 199
AD 1113 政和三年
Directly stated · History of Song 112, passage 160
AD 1137 紹興七年
Directly stated · History of Song 110, passage 148
AD 1135 迎還兩宮
Dated from the passage context · History of Song 359, passages 22, 138
AD 1118 重和元年
Dated from the passage context · History of Song 118, passages 198, 204
AD 1126 靖康元年
Directly stated · History of Song 110, passage 47

Family

Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.

Ancestor of Han Shantong (韓山童)
8 generations
Uncertain · History of Ming 122, passage 82
Parent of Emperor Qinzong of Song (宋欽宗)
eldest son 元子
father-son emperors 父子
father 父
Strongly inferred · History of Song 115, passages 6, 30; History of Jin 127, passages 64, 200; History of Song 110, passage 47; History of Song 112, passages 98, 113
Spouse of Empress Zheng (鄭皇后)
empress 皇后
Strongly inferred · History of Song 115, passage 78
Parent of Emperor Gaozong (高宗)
father 父
Strongly inferred · History of Song 112, passage 98
Parent of Gaozong (高宗)
father 父
Strongly inferred · History of Song 110, passages 47, 146
Parent of Emperor Xizong (熙宗)
father 父
Strongly inferred · History of Jin 32, passages 5, 72
Child of Emperor Taizu (太祖)
father 父
Strongly inferred · History of Jin 32, passages 3, 5
Spouse of Ningde (寧德)
Ningde 寧德 · Primary marriage
Strongly inferred · History of Song 110, passage 148
Parent of Prince of Jia (嘉王)
prince 王 · paternal line
Strongly inferred · History of Song 118, passage 159
Parent of Prince of Ding (定王)
prince 王 · paternal line
Strongly inferred · History of Song 118, passage 159

Key source chapters

Career and standing

Emperor Jingxuan 景宣皇帝
Posthumously conferred
Directly stated · History of Jin 32, passage 5
Supreme Emperor, Lord Who Teaches the Way 教主道君太上皇帝
Received
Directly stated · History of Song 110, passage 47
Abdicated
Directly stated · History of Song 110, passage 47

Places and affiliations

Song 宋
Relation Ruled
Directly stated · History of Jin 127, passage 200
Song 宋
Relation Served
Strongly inferred · History of Song 118, passage 159
Polity Jin 金 · Relation Associated with
Strongly inferred · History of Jin 32, passage 36
Polity Song 宋 · Relation Ruled
Directly stated · History of Song 112, passage 43; History of Song 115, passage 6; History of Song 144, passage 221
At Longde Palace 龍德宮 · Relation Resided at
Directly stated · History of Song 110, passage 47

Works and attributed material

Evolution of Capping Rites 冠禮沿革
Relation Author · Extent Fascicles: 11
Directly stated · History of Song 115, passage 6
Edict · Author · Direct quotation
Directly stated · History of Song 118, passages 160-162
Edict · Author · Units s0199, s0200, s0201, s0202, s0203
Directly stated · History of Song 115, passages 199-203

Events and relationships

Augmented yuanfu empress honors
AD 1102 崇寧元年 · Political · Ruler · With Empress Yuanfu (元符皇后)
Directly stated · History of Song 144, passages 221, 224
Tianning Festival 天寧節
Ritual · Honoree · Birthday festival established
Directly stated · History of Song 112, passage 43
Driven north
Political · Captive
Directly stated · History of Song 359, passages 188, 221
Ordered ritual manual arranged
Scholarly · Commissioner · Organization Bureau of Ceremonial 儀禮局
Directly stated · History of Song 115, passage 6
Renamed princess titles
AD 1113 政和三年 · Political · Issuer
Strongly inferred · History of Song 115, passages 199, 202-203
Taken north
Travel · Captive
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 85, passage 110

References in the histories

Search passages

History

22 passages

History of Jin, Chapter 32Volume 32 Treatises 13: Rites 5: Conferring of Posthumous Titles · 2 passages

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九月，追諡皇考曰景宣皇帝，廟號徽宗。 In the ninth month the late emperor's father received the posthumous title Emperor Jingxuan, with the temple name Huizong.

是歲閏十一月，增上祖宗尊諡，始祖景元皇帝曰懿憲景元皇帝，德皇帝曰淵穆玄德皇帝，安皇帝曰和靖慶安皇帝，獻祖定昭皇帝曰純烈定昭皇帝，昭祖成襄皇帝曰武惠成襄皇帝，景祖惠桓皇帝曰英烈惠桓皇帝，世祖聖肅皇帝曰神武聖肅皇帝，肅宗穆憲皇帝曰明睿穆憲皇帝，穆宗孝平皇帝曰章順孝平皇帝，康宗恭簡皇帝曰獻敏恭簡皇帝，太宗文烈皇帝曰體元應運世德昭功哲惠仁聖文烈皇帝，徽宗景宣皇帝曰允恭克讓孝德玄功佑聖景宣皇帝，已上廟號如故。 In the intercalary eleventh month of that year the court augmented the posthumous titles of the imperial ancestors: Founder Emperor Jingyuan became Emperor Yixian Jingyuan; Emperor De became Emperor Yuanmu Xuande; Emperor An became Emperor Hejing Qing'an; Xianzu Emperor Dingzhao became Emperor Chunlie Dingzhao; Zhaozu Emperor Chengxiang became Emperor Wuhui Chengxiang; Jingzu Emperor Huihuan became Emperor Yinglie Huihuan; Shizu Emperor Shengsu became Emperor Shenwu Shengsu; Suzong Emperor Muxian became Emperor Mingrui Muxian; Muzong Emperor Xiaoping became Emperor Zhangshun Xiaoping; Kangzong Emperor Gongjian became Emperor Xianmin Gongjian; Taizong Emperor Wenlie became Emperor Tiyuan Yingyun Shide Zhaogong Zhehui Rensheng Wenlie; Huizong Emperor Jingxuan became Emperor Yungong Kerang Xiaode Xuangong Yousheng Jingxuan—the temple names listed above remained unchanged.

History of Jin, Chapter 127Volume 127 Biographies 65: Xiao You, Wendihanwolubu, Chen Yan, Liu Yu, Meng Xing, Wang Zhen, Liu Zheng, Yin Yi, Chu Chengliang, Wang Qufei, Zhao Zhi, Du Shisheng, Hao Tianting, Xue Jiyuan, Gao Zhongzhen, Zhang Qian, Wang Rumei, Song Ke, Xin Yuan, Wang Yuke · 2 passages

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策問「上皇無道、少帝失信。」 The policy question read: "The Retired Emperor was without the Way; the Young Emperor lost the trust of the people."

褚承亮宋人，勒試進士，主司發策問宋徽、欽之罪，承亮長揖而去之。 Chu Chengliang was a Song subject; compelled to take the jinshi examination, the chief examiner set a policy question on the offenses of emperors Hui and Qin of Song, and Chengliang bowed deeply and walked out.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 85Volume 85 Book of Later Jin 11: Emperor Shao 4 · 1 passage

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〈（《宣政雜錄》：徽宗北狩，經薊縣梁魚務，有還鄉橋，石少帝所命名也，里人至今呼之。）〉 (Miscellaneous Records of Xuanzheng's Reign: when Huizong was taken north he passed Liangyu post in Jixian, where a Returning Home Bridge named by the Shi Young Emperor is still known by that name.)〉

History of Liao, Chapter 74Volume 74 Biographies 4: Yelu Dila, Xiao Hendu, Kang Moji, Han Yanhui, Han Zhigu · 1 passage

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會宋徽宗嗣位，遣使來報，有司按籍，有「登寶位」文，坐是出為崇義軍節度使。 When Song Huizong succeeded and sent notice, the record-checkers found the phrase "ascending the imperial throne"; Zirang was demoted to Chongyi Army military commissioner.

History of Ming, Chapter 122Volume 122 Biographies 10: · 1 passage

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潁州人劉福通與其党杜遵道、羅文素、盛文鬱等復言「山童，宋徽宗八世孫，當主中國」。 Liu Futong of Yingzhou and his followers—Du Zundao, Luo Wensu, Sheng Wenyu, and others—again declared, "Shantong is the eighth-generation descendant of Song Huizong and should rule China."