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Overview Emperor Zhaozong was a Tang Emperor.
Identity Historical · Male
Life and dates Attested activity Family Kinship Role princes · Quantity unspecifiedWorks and attributed material References in the histories
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New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 40 Volume 40 Miscellaneous Biographies 20: Li Maozhen, Han Jian, Li Renfu, Han Xun, Yang Chongben, Gao Wanxing, Wen Tao · 20 passages
昭宗不許，建等大怒，以三鎮兵犯京師。
Zhaozong refused. Jian and his allies, furious, marched on the capital from three circuits.
昭宗見建等責之，行瑜、茂貞惶恐戰汗不能語，獨建前自陳述。
Zhaozong confronted Jian and his allies and rebuked them. Xingyu and Maozhen shook with fear and could not speak. Only Jian stepped forward to plead his case.
乃殺宰相韋昭度、李磎等，謀廢昭宗。
They killed Chancellors Wei Zhaodu and Li Xi and plotted to depose Zhaozong.
晉人曰：「君以兵犯天子，殺大臣，是以討也。」
Jin answered: “You marched on the emperor and killed his ministers. That is why we fight you.”
乾寧三年，李茂貞復犯京師，昭宗將奔太原，次渭北，建遣子允請幸華州。
In Qianning 3 (896) Maozhen struck Chang’an again. Zhaozong meant to flee to Taiyuan and halted north of the Wei. Jian sent his son Yun to beg him to come to Hua.
昭宗又欲如鄜州，建追及昭宗於富平，泣曰：「藩臣倔強，非止茂貞，若舍近畿而巡極塞，乘輿渡河，不可復矣！」
Zhaozong thought to go on to Yan. Jian overtook him at Fuping and wept: “The warlords are proud—Maozhen is not the only one. Leave the heartland for the far border, cross the river, and you will never come back!”
昭宗亦泣，遂幸華州。
Zhaozong wept too, and turned aside to Hua.
是時，天子孤弱，獨有殿後軍及定州三都將李筠等兵千餘人為衛，以諸王將之。
The emperor stood alone and weak. Only the Rear Guard and Li Yun’s three Dingzhou companies—a thousand men or so—shielded him, led by princes.
建已得昭宗幸其鎮，遂欲制之，因請罷諸王將兵，散去殿後諸軍，累表不報。
Once Zhaozong was on his ground, Jian meant to cage him. He asked that princes be stripped of command and the Rear Guard dissolved. Memorial after memorial went unanswered.
昭宗登齊雲樓，西北顧望京師，作《菩薩蠻辭》三章以思歸，其卒章曰：「野煙生碧樹，陌上行人去。
Zhaozong climbed Qiyun Tower, gazed northwest toward Chang’an, and wrote three stanzas of “Bodhisattva Barbarian” yearning for home. The last runs: “Wild smoke climbs from green trees; strangers on the road pass by.
建心尤不悅，因遣人告諸王謀殺建、劫天子幸佗鎮。
Jian’s mood turned darker still. He sent word that the princes plotted to murder him and drag the emperor to another warlord.
昭宗召建，將辨之，建稱疾不出，乃遣諸王自詣，建不見。
Zhaozong summoned Jian to answer the charge. Jian pleaded illness and stayed away. He made the princes come to his door. Jian refused them.
請送諸王十六宅，昭宗難之。
He demanded the princes be confined in the Sixteen Mansions. Zhaozong balked.
昭宗大懼，遽詔斬筠，悉散殿後及三都衛兵，幽諸王於十六宅。
Terrified, Zhaozong ordered Yun killed at once, broke up the Rear Guard and the three capital companies, and walled the princes in the Sixteen Mansions.
昭宗益悔幸華，遣延王戒丕使於晉，以謀興復。
Zhaozong bitterly regretted Hua and sent Prince of Yan Jiepi to Jin to plot his restoration.
昭宗無如之何，為建立德政碑以慰安之。
Zhaozong was powerless to stop it and raised a monument to Han Jian’s “virtuous rule” to soothe him.
建已殺諸王，乃營南莊，起樓閣，欲邀昭宗遊幸，因以廢之而立德王裕。
After killing the princes, Jian built the Southern Villa with towers and pavilions, hoping to lure Zhaozong on a visit, depose him, and raise Prince of De Yu.
其父叔豐謂建曰：「汝陳、許間一田夫爾，遭時之亂，蒙天子厚恩至此，欲以兩州百里之地行大事，覆族之禍，吾不忍見，不如先死！」
His father Shufeng told him: “You were a farmer between Chen and Xu. In these troubled times the emperor raised you this high. To attempt a coup with two prefectures and a hundred li is to invite the ruin of our whole clan. I cannot watch it—let me die first!”
李茂貞、梁太祖皆欲發兵迎天子，建稍恐懼，乃止。
Li Maozhen and Liang Taizu both prepared to march and rescue the emperor. Jian grew afraid and dropped the plan.
光化元年，昭宗還長安，自為建畫像，封建潁川郡王，賜以鐵券。
In Guanghua 1 (898) Zhaozong returned to Chang’an, painted Jian’s portrait himself, made him Prince of Yingchuan, and granted him an iron certificate of mercy.