Qin and Han · Aristocrat

Feng Can 馮參

Died BC 6

Passages: 20
Chapters: 4
Histories: 1

Overview

The translated histories identify Feng Can as an aristocrat, family member, and official. This record brings together 20 passages from 4 chapters across 1 history, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.

Names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal	Feng Can	馮參	Feng Can
Given	Can	參	Can
Surname	Feng	馮	Feng
Personal	Feng Can	馮參	Féng Cān
Personal name	Feng Shen	馮參	Feng Shen
Title	Marquis of Yixiang	宜鄉侯	Yixiang Hou
Title	Marquis of Yixiang	宜鄉侯
Title	Marquis of Yixiang	宜鄉侯	Yixiang hou
Title	Remonstrance Grandee Feng Can	諫大夫馮參	Jian Dafu Feng Can
Personal name	Shen	參	Shen
Courtesy name	Shuping	叔平	Shuping
Title	Zhongshan King's maternal uncle	中山王舅	Zhongshan Wang jiu

Identity

Historicity: Historical
Identification: Named
Sex: Male

Sex: male
Strongly inferred · hanshu:011:s0274, hanshu:090:s0003
Sex: male
Explicit · hanshu:091:s0191
Value: male
Strongly inferred · hanshu:012:s0072

Roles

Aristocrat
Family Member
Official

Life and dates

Death

Manner: suicide · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 建平元年 · Western Year: BC 6
Explicit · hanshu:012:s0072
Manner: suicide
Explicit · hanshu:090:s0190

Attested activity

Source Date: Text: 哀帝即位 · Western Year: BC 7
Explicit · hanshu:090:s0189
Source Date: Text: 建平元年 · Western Year: BC 6
Explicit event contextual date · hanshu:012:s0072
Source Date: Text: 成帝末 · Western Interval: Start: BC 8 · End: BC 7
Explicit event contextual date · hanshu:091:s0191
Source Date: Text: 永始中 · Western Interval: Start: BC 16 · End: BC 13
Explicit · hanshu:090:s0207
Source Date: Text: 綏和中 · Western Interval: Start: BC 8 · End: BC 7
Explicit · hanshu:090:s0210
Source Date: Text: 陽朔中 · Western Interval: Start: BC 24 · End: BC 21
Explicit · hanshu:090:s0205
Source Date: Text: 竟寧中 · Western Year: BC 33
Explicit · hanshu:090:s0203

Family

Immediate source-linked family. Drag to pan, scroll or pinch to zoom, and select a person to open their record.

Sibling of Lady Feng (馮昭儀)
Kinship Term: maternal uncle of Xing implies brother of Lady Feng / 舅 · Shared Parentage: full
Kin of Zhongshan King Xing (中山王興)
Kinship Term: maternal uncle / 舅 · Line: maternal
Child of Feng Fengshi (馮奉世)
Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
Sibling of Feng Yuan (馮媛)
Kinship Term: younger brother of the Brilliant Companion / 昭儀少弟 · Shared Parentage: full · Subject Relative Age: younger
Sibling of Empress Dowager Yuan (媛)
Kinship Term: younger brother / 弟 · Subject Relative Age: younger

Career and standing

Office: Remonstrance Grandee / 諫大夫
Explicit · hanshu:011:s0274
Title: Marquis of Yixiang / 宜鄉侯 · Action: enfeoffed
Explicit · hanshu:091:s0191
Title: Marquis of Yixiang / 宜鄉侯
Explicit · hanshu:011:s0274
Title: Marquis of Yixiang / 宜鄉侯 · Action: granted
Explicit · hanshu:090:s0210

Learning and skills

Subject: Documents / 尚書 · Relation: studied
Explicit · hanshu:090:s0200

Works and attributed material

Kind: speech · Role: speaker
Explicit · hanshu:090:s0191

Events and relationships

Type: maternal-uncle-nephew · Related To: Zhongshan King Xing (中山王興) · Role: maternal-uncle
Explicit · hanshu:011:s0274

Assessments and attributes

Assessment: virtuous gentleman who died on a false charge · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgment
Explicit · hanshu:090:s0195

References in the histories

Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.

Book of Han, Chapter 11Volume 10: Annals of Emperor Cheng · 1 passage

封中山王舅諫大夫馮參為宜鄉侯，益中山國三萬戶，以慰其意。 Enfeoffed Zhongshan King's maternal uncle Remonstrance Grandee Feng Can as Marquis of Yixiang, increased the Zhongshan kingdom by 30,000 households, to console his intention.

Book of Han, Chapter 12Volume 11: Annals of Emperor Ai · 1 passage

冬，中山孝王太后媛、弟宜鄉侯馮參有罪，皆自殺。 In winter, Empress Dowager Yuan of King Xiao of Zhongshan and her younger brother, Marquis Feng Can of Yixiang, were found guilty and both committed suicide.

Book of Han, Chapter 90Volume 79: Feng Fengshi · 17 passages

譚弟野王、逡、立、參至大官。 Younger brothers Yewang, Qun, Li, and Shen all rose high.

參字叔平，學通《尚書》。 Shen, style Shuping, mastered the Documents.

少為黃門郎給事中，宿衛十餘年，參為人矜嚴，好修容儀，進退恂恂，甚可觀也。 As a youth he served as yellow-gate gentleman and attendant within the gates, on night watch for more than ten years. Stern and dignified, he cultivated his bearing; his measured advance and retreat were a sight to behold.

參，昭儀少弟，行又敕備，以嚴見憚，終不得親近侍帷幄。 Shen was the Brilliant Companion's younger brother; his conduct was meticulous. His severity inspired fear, and he never drew near to serve within the curtained chambers.

陽朔中，中山王來朝，參擢為上河農都尉。 During Yangshuo, when the King of Zhongshan came to court, Shen was raised to chief agricultural commandant of Shanghe.

綏和中，立定陶王為皇太子，以中山王見廢，故封王舅參為宜鄉侯，以慰王意。 In Suihe the King of Dingtao became heir apparent; with Zhongshan deposed, the prince's uncle Shen was made Marquis of Yixiang to soothe him.

參之國，上書願至中山見王、太后。 Going to his fief, Shen memorialized asking to visit Zhongshan and see the king and dowager.

王病時，上奏願貶參爵以關內侯食邑留長安。 While ill, the king asked that Shen's rank be reduced to marquis within the passes with his fief kept at Chang'an.

上憐之，下詔曰：「中山孝王短命早薨，願以舅宜鄉侯參為關內侯，歸家，朕甚愍之。 The emperor pitied him and issued an edict: "The Filial King of Zhongshan died young. He wished his uncle, Marquis of Yixiang Shen, made marquis within the passes and sent home. We are deeply moved.

其還參京師，以列侯奉朝請。」 Let Shen return to the capital and attend court as a full marquis."

丞相翟方進亦甚重焉，數謂參：「物禁太甚。 Chancellor Zhai Fangjin also esteemed him and often told Shen, "Things forbid excess.

參性好禮儀，終不改其恆操。 Shen loved ritual and decorum and never changed his steady ways.

頃之，哀帝即位，帝祖母傅太后用事，追怨參姊中山太后，陷以祝詛大逆之罪，語在《外戚傳》。 Soon Ai ruled; Grand Empress Dowager Fu hated Shen's sister, the Zhongshan dowager, and framed her for witchcraft—see the outer-kin annals.

參以同產當相坐，謁者承製召參詣廷尉，參自殺。 Shen faced kin liability; the usher's summons to the commandant of justice drove him to suicide.

且死，仰天歎曰：「參父子兄弟皆備大位，身至封侯，今被惡名而死，姊弟不敢自惜，傷無以見先人於地下！」 About to die, he sighed toward heaven and said, "My father, brothers, and I have all filled high posts and attained marquis rank; now I die bearing a foul name. Sister and brother—I do not pity ourselves; I grieve only that we cannot face our ancestors underground!"

宜鄉侯參鞠躬履方，擇地而行，可謂淑人君子，然卒死於非罪，不能自免，哀哉！ Marquis Shen walked every inch by the book—a true gentleman—yet perished on a false charge he could not escape.

馮參姊弟，亦云悲矣！ Shen and his sister—pitiful indeed.

Book of Han, Chapter 91Volume 80: The Six Sons of Emperors Xuan and Yuan · 1 passage

上乃封孝王舅馮參為宜鄉侯，而益封孝王萬戶，以尉其意。 The emperor then made Xing’s uncle Feng Can marquis of Yixiang and added ten thousand households to Xing’s fief to soothe him.