Hewang (和瑛) | 24 Histories

Overview

The translated histories identify Hewang as an administrator, official, scholar, and writer. This record brings together 18 passages from 3 chapters across 1 history, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.

Names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal	Hewang	和瑛	Hewang
Clan name	Erlet	額勒德特	Eledete
Title	Governor	巡撫
Personal name	He Ning	和寧	Hening
Personal name	He Ying	和瑛	Heying
Personal name	Hewang	和瑛	Hewang
Posthumous name	Jianqin	簡勤	Jianqin
Courtesy name	Taian	太葊	Tai'an
Personal		和寧

Identity

Historicity: Historical
Identification: Named
Sex: Male

Sex: male
Explicit · qingshigao:352:s0102, qingshigao:353:s0075

Roles

Administrator
Official
Scholar
Writer

Life and dates

Death

Date: Source Date: Text: 道光元年 · Western Year: AD 1821
Explicit · qingshigao:353:s0105

Attested activity

Source Date: Text: 嘉慶十年乙丑 · Regnal Year: 10 · Western Year: AD 1805
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:187:s0129, qingshigao:187:s0131
Source Date: Text: 嘉慶十一年丙寅 · Regnal Year: 11 · Western Year: AD 1806
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:187:s0140, qingshigao:187:s0142
Source Date: Text: 嘉慶五年庚申 · Regnal Year: 5 · Western Year: AD 1800
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:187:s0076, qingshigao:187:s0079
Source Date: Text: 嘉慶六年辛酉 · Regnal Year: 6 · Western Year: AD 1801
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:187:s0087, qingshigao:187:s0090
Source Date: Text: 嘉慶九年甲子 · Regnal Year: 9 · Western Year: AD 1804
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:187:s0119, qingshigao:187:s0121, qingshigao:187:s0122
Source Date: Text: 七年 · Western Year: AD 1802
Explicit · qingshigao:352:s0102
Source Date: Text: 乾隆三十六年 · Western Year: AD 1771
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:353:s0076
Source Date: Text: 乾隆五十二年 · Western Year: AD 1787
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:353:s0078
Source Date: Text: 乾隆五十八年 · Western Year: AD 1793
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:353:s0079
Source Date: Text: 嘉慶七年 · Western Year: AD 1802
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:353:s0083
Source Date: Text: 嘉慶九年 · Western Year: AD 1804
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:353:s0086
Source Date: Text: 嘉慶二十一年 · Western Year: AD 1816
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:353:s0100
Source Date: Text: 嘉慶二十三年 · Western Year: AD 1818
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:353:s0103
Source Date: Text: 嘉慶二十二年 · Western Year: AD 1817
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:353:s0102
Source Date: Text: 嘉慶五年 · Western Year: AD 1800
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:353:s0082
Source Date: Text: 嘉慶十一年 · Western Year: AD 1806
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:353:s0090
Source Date: Text: 嘉慶十三年 · Western Year: AD 1808
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:353:s0092
Source Date: Text: 嘉慶十六年 · Western Year: AD 1811
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:353:s0095
Source Date: Text: 嘉慶十四年 · Western Year: AD 1809
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:353:s0093
Source Date: Text: 道光元年 · Western Year: AD 1821
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:353:s0105

Family

Immediate source-linked family. Drag to pan, scroll or pinch to zoom, and select a person to open their record.

Parent of Bichang (璧昌)
Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son

Origins and identity

Ethnicity: Mongol / 蒙古
Explicit · qingshigao:353:s0075

Career and standing

Label: commissioner in Tibet / 西藏辦事大臣 · Action: appointed · Date: Source Date: Text: 乾隆五十八年 · Western Year: AD 1793
Explicit · qingshigao:353:s0079
Label: minister of works / 工部尚書 · Action: appointed · Date: Source Date: Text: 嘉慶二十一年 · Western Year: AD 1816
Explicit · qingshigao:353:s0100
Label: Grand Councilor / 軍機大臣 · Action: appointed · Date: Source Date: Text: 嘉慶二十三年 · Western Year: AD 1818
Explicit · qingshigao:353:s0103
Label: governor of Shandong / 山東巡撫 · Action: appointed · Date: Source Date: Text: 嘉慶五年 · Western Year: AD 1800
Explicit · qingshigao:353:s0082
Label: general of Mukden / 盛京將軍 · Action: appointed · Date: Source Date: Text: 嘉慶十六年 · Western Year: AD 1811
Explicit · qingshigao:353:s0096
Label: governor-general of Shaanxi and Gansu / 陝甘總督 · Action: appointed · Date: Source Date: Text: 嘉慶十四年 · Western Year: AD 1809
Explicit · qingshigao:353:s0093
Label: Right Vice Minister of the Court of Colonial Affairs / 理藩院右侍郎 · Action: appointed · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 嘉慶五年庚申 · Regnal Year: 5 · Western Year: AD 1800
Explicit · qingshigao:187:s0079
Label: Left Vice Minister of the Court of Colonial Affairs / 理藩院左侍郎 · Action: appointed · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 嘉慶九年甲子 · Regnal Year: 9 · Western Year: AD 1804
Explicit · qingshigao:187:s0121
Label: Right Vice Minister of the Court of Colonial Affairs / 理藩院右侍郎 · Action: appointed · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 嘉慶九年甲子 · Regnal Year: 9 · Western Year: AD 1804
Explicit · qingshigao:187:s0122
Label: Vice Minister of the Court of Colonial Affairs / 理藩院侍郎 · Action: held · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 嘉慶十年乙丑 · Regnal Year: 10 · Western Year: AD 1805
Strongly inferred · qingshigao:187:s0131
Label: Governor of Shandong / 巡撫 · Action: held
Explicit · qingshigao:352:s0102
Label: Vice Minister of the Court of Colonial Affairs / 理藩院侍郎 · Action: transferred · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 嘉慶十一年丙寅 · Regnal Year: 11 · Western Year: AD 1806
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:187:s0142
Label: Vice Minister of the Court of Colonial Affairs / 理藩院侍郎 · Action: transferred · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 嘉慶六年辛酉 · Regnal Year: 6 · Western Year: AD 1801
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:187:s0090
Title: Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent / 太子少保 · Action: granted · Date: Source Date: Text: 嘉慶二十二年 · Western Year: AD 1817
Explicit · qingshigao:353:s0102
Title: Senior Guardian of the Heir Apparent / 太子太保 · Action: posthumous · Date: Source Date: Text: 道光元年 · Western Year: AD 1821
Explicit · qingshigao:353:s0105
Status: exile · Action: exiled · Place: Urumqi / 烏魯木齊 · Date: Source Date: Text: 嘉慶七年 · Western Year: AD 1802
Explicit · qingshigao:353:s0084
Status: dismissed · Action: dismissed
Explicit · qingshigao:352:s0102

Places and affiliations

Label: Qing / 清 · Relation: served
Strongly inferred · qingshigao:187:s0079, qingshigao:187:s0090, qingshigao:187:s0121
Polity: Qing / 清 · Relation: served
Explicit · qingshigao:352:s0102
Place: Tibet / 西藏 · Relation: posted-to · Date: Source Date: Text: 在藏八年 · Western Interval: Start: AD 1793 · End: AD 1800
Explicit · qingshigao:353:s0079, qingshigao:353:s0081
Organization: Bordered Yellow Banner / 鑲黃旗 · Relation: member-of
Explicit · qingshigao:353:s0075

Learning and skills

Credential: Presented Scholar / 進士 · Action: earned · Date: Source Date: Text: 乾隆三十六年 · Western Year: AD 1771
Explicit · qingshigao:353:s0076

Works and attributed material

Work: Rhapsody on Tibet / 西藏賦 · Relation: author
Explicit · qingshigao:353:s0081
Kind: memorial · Role: author · Topic: Kashgar and Yengisar grain and Ili cloth transport / 喀什噶爾英吉沙爾倉儲及伊犁布疋
Explicit · qingshigao:353:s0087

Events and relationships

Kind: legal · Role: investigator · Action: exposed-concealment · Other Person Id: Xian Fu (先福) · Place: Gansu / 甘肅 · Date: Source Date: Text: 嘉慶二十一年 · Western Year: AD 1816
Explicit · qingshigao:353:s0101
Kind: legal · Role: judge · Action: false-judgment · Other Person Id: Zhang Jingli (張敬禮) · Date: Source Date: Text: 嘉慶七年 · Western Year: AD 1802
Explicit · qingshigao:353:s0083
Kind: personnel · Role: subject · Action: transferred · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 嘉慶十一年丙寅 · Regnal Year: 11 · Western Year: AD 1806
Explicit · qingshigao:187:s0142
Kind: personnel · Role: subject · Action: transferred · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 嘉慶六年辛酉 · Regnal Year: 6 · Western Year: AD 1801
Explicit · qingshigao:187:s0090

Assessments and attributes

Assessment: steeped in precedent and excelled in letters; long frontier service with benevolent rule · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgment
Explicit · qingshigao:353:s0106, qingshigao:353:s0107

Source notes

From: He Ning / 和寧 · To: He Ying / 和瑛 · Reason: to avoid the taboo of Emperor Xuanzong / 避宣宗諱
Explicit · qingshigao:353:s0075

References in the histories

Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 187Volume 187 Tables 27: Ministers of Boards and Courts Chronological Table 5 Lower · 6 passages

Open chapter

貢楚克扎布六月癸巳遷。和寧理藩院右侍郎。 On the guisi day of the sixth month, 貢楚克扎布 was transferred. 和寧: Right Vice Minister of the Court of Colonial Affairs.

和寧正月乙巳遷。佛爾卿額理藩院右侍郎。 On the yisi day of the first month, 和寧 was transferred. 佛爾卿額: Right Vice Minister of the Court of Colonial Affairs.

貢楚克扎布七月庚戌遷。明興理藩院左侍郎。九月遷。和寧理藩院左侍郎。 On the gengxu day of the seventh month, 貢楚克扎布 was transferred. 明興: Left Vice Minister of the Court of Colonial Affairs. In the ninth month, was transferred. 和寧: Left Vice Minister of the Court of Colonial Affairs.

明興七月庚戌遷。和寧理藩院右侍郎。九月遷。 On the gengxu day of the seventh month, 明興 was transferred. 和寧: Right Vice Minister of the Court of Colonial Affairs. In the ninth month, was transferred.

和寧和寧.

和寧正月丁巳遷。英和理藩院左侍郎。壬戌遷。玉寧理藩院左侍郎。 On the dingsi day of the first month, 和寧 was transferred. 英和: Left Vice Minister of the Court of Colonial Affairs. On the renxu day, was transferred. 玉寧: Left Vice Minister of the Court of Colonial Affairs.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 352Volume 352 Biographies 139: Jiang Cheng, Jin Guangti, Zu Zhiwang, Han Feng · 1 passage

Open chapter

七年，命赴山東按皁役之孫冒考，巡撫和瑛誣斷事，和瑛譴罷，即授之望巡撫。 In 1802 he was sent to Shandong to investigate a runner's grandson who had taken the exams fraudulently. Governor Hewang had misjudged the case, was dismissed, and Zhiwang was appointed governor in his place.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 353Volume 353 Biographies 140: Da Chun | Son: Sa Bin Tu, Tie Bao Younger Brother: Yu Bao, He Ying, Jue Luo Gui Fang · 11 passages

Open chapter

達椿子薩彬圖鐵保弟玉保和瑛覺羅桂芳 Da Chun; his son Sa Bintu; Tie Bao; Tie Bao's younger brother Yu Bao; He Ying; and Jueluo Guifang

和瑛，原名和寧，避宣宗諱改，字太葊，額勒德特氏，蒙古鑲黃旗人。 He Ying, originally He Ning, changed his name to avoid the taboo of Emperor Xuanzong. His courtesy name was Taian; he came from the Erlet clan and was a Mongol of the Bordered Yellow Banner.

和瑛在藏八年，著西藏賦，博採地形、民俗、物產，自為之注。 He Ying spent eight years in Tibet and wrote the Rhapsody on Tibet, drawing widely on topography, customs, and local products, which he annotated himself.

七年，金鄉皁役之孫張敬禮冒考被控，知縣汪廷楷置不問，學政劉鳳誥以聞，下和瑛提鞫，誤聽濟南知府德生言誣斷，為給事中汪鏞所糾。 In 1802 Zhang Jingli, grandson of a district runner at Jinxian, was accused of impersonating a candidate in the examinations. Magistrate Wang Tingkai ignored the charge until Education Commissioner Liu Fenggao reported it. The case was referred to He Ying, who wrongly credited Jinan Prefect Desheng and rendered a false judgment, and Censor Wang Yong impeached him.

上以和瑛日事文墨，廢弛政務，即解職，命鏞從侍郎祖之望往按，得實，褫和瑛職，又以匿蝗災事覺，譴戍烏魯木齊。 The emperor judged that He Ying spent his days on literary pursuits and neglected government, removed him at once, and sent Wang Yong with Vice Minister Zu Zhiwang to investigate. The facts were proved, He Ying was stripped of office, and when a concealed locust disaster also came to light he was sent into exile at Urumqi.

十三年，塔爾巴哈台參贊大臣愛星阿欲調瑪納斯戍兵四百人番上屯田，和瑛謂瑪納斯處極邊，戍兵專事操防，不諳耕作，諮駁以聞，上韙之。 In 1808 Assistant Commissioner Aisingga of Tarbagatai proposed rotating four hundred Manas garrison troops into field labor. He Ying argued that Manas lay on the outermost frontier, that garrison troops were trained for defense rather than farming, and memorialized a rebuttal, which the emperor upheld.

復州、寧海、岫岩飢，將軍觀明以匿災罷免，授和瑛為將軍，廉得邊門章京塔清阿等承觀明意，諱災不報，降革有差。 Famine struck Fuzhou, Ninghai, and Xiuyan. General Guan Ming was dismissed for concealing the disaster, and He Ying was appointed in his place. He found that frontier secretary Ta Qing'a and others, following Guan Ming's lead, had hidden the famine from report; they were demoted or dismissed according to their guilt.

尋以誤捕屯民張建謨為盜，鍛鍊成獄，刑部覆訊雪其冤，議革和瑛職，詔寬之，留任。 Soon afterward he wrongly arrested colonist Zhang Jianmo as a bandit and fabricated a case against him. The Ministry of Punishments on review cleared Zhang's name. Although dismissal was proposed, the emperor showed leniency and kept He Ying in office.

道光元年，卒，贈太子太保，諡簡勤。 He died in 1821 and was posthumously made Senior Guardian of the Heir Apparent with the posthumous name Jianqin.

和瑛嫺習掌故，優於文學，著書多不傳。 He Ying was steeped in institutional precedent and excelled in letters, though many of his books have not survived.

鐵保、和瑛並器識淵雅，述作斐然。 Tie Bao and He Ying alike possessed deep and elegant judgment, and their writings were splendid.