Overview
Li Hongzhang was a statesman and Diplomat.
Life and dates
Death
- AD 1901 鴻章卒Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 449, passage 114
Attested activity
- AD 1884 光緒十年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 458, passage 38
- AD 1888 光緒十四年Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 494, passage 123
- AD 1894 to AD 1895 中日之役Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 444, passage 241
- AD 1884 to AD 1885 中法事起Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 449, passage 97
- AD 1881 光緒七年Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 150, passages 99-100
- AD 1877 光緒三年…初侍李鴻章Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 449, passages 87-88
Show 45 more source-backed claims
- AD 1883 光緒九年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 139, passage 186
- AD 1894 光緒二十年
- AD 1894 光緒二十年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 460, passage 16; Draft History of Qing 462, passages 22, 24
- AD 1879 光緒五年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 139, passage 182; Draft History of Qing 471, passages 6-7
- AD 1879 光緒五年前後Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 467, passages 5, 10
- AD 1875 光緒元年Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 150, passage 52
- AD 1880 光緒六年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 150, passage 69
- AD 1880 to AD 1896 光緒六年後十餘年Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 443, passages 115-116
- AD 1885 光緒十一年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 139, passages 187-188
- AD 1885 光緒十一年Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 150, passage 123
- AD 1887 光緒十三年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 139, passage 191
- AD 1893 光緒十九年Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 152, passage 11
- AD 1893 光緒十九年五月Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 152, passage 43
- AD 1884 光緒十年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 444, passage 151
- AD 1884 其夏Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 444, passage 194
- AD 1885 十一年Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 444, passage 36
- AD 1884 十年前後Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 463, passage 98
- AD 1868 同治七年Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 436, passage 45
- AD 1864 同治三年前後Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 423, passage 136
- AD 1863 同治二年
- AD 1862 同治元年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 139, passage 156; Draft History of Qing 435, passages 18, 25
- AD 1862 同治元年Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 433, passages 157, 190
- AD 1862 同治初Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 460, passage 112
- AD 1872 同治十一年Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 150, passage 7
- AD 1874 同治十三年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 139, passage 177; Draft History of Qing 150, passage 11
- AD 1873 同治十二年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 91, passages 149-150
- AD 1871 同治十年Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 433, passage 209
- AD 1865 同治四年Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 433, passage 185
- AD 1879 嘗贊置輪船招商局時Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 471, passages 3, 6
- AD 1853 to AD 1861 大學士鴻章Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 433, passages 153, 155
- AD 1862 to AD 1895 左宗棠、李鴻章皆薦其才Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 437, passages 42, 69
- AD 1900 庚子Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 444, passage 163
- AD 1900 拳亂Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 472, passage 224
- AD 1900 to AD 1901 拳亂作…鴻章卒Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 449, passages 109, 114
- AD 1900 拳禍作Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 467, passage 37
- AD 1894 日韓釁起Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 445, passage 134
- AD 1880 明年Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 441, passages 153-154
- AD 1885 明年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 444, passage 203
- AD 1875 to AD 1894 李鴻章疏薦將才Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 461, passage 110
- AD 1894 to AD 1895 東事起Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 461, passage 85
- AD 1884 法越事Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 472, passage 147
- AD 1870 to AD 1895 督畿輔…北洋新政Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 449, passages 98, 100
- AD 1872 總督迭薦Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 450, passage 98
- AD 1860 to AD 1868 隨剿粵匪、捻匪Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 461, passage 60
- AD 1870 to AD 1870 鴻章總督直隸Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 461, passage 62
Family
Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.
- Parent of Daughter of Li Hongzhangdaughter 女Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 444, passage 161
- Child of Father of Li Hezhang (李鶴章父)father 父Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 433, passage 155
- Sibling of Li Hezhang (李鶴章)younger brother 弟Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 433, passage 153
- Sibling of Zhaoqing (昭慶)younger brother 弟Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 433, passages 153, 182
Key source chapters
- Draft History of Qing, Chapter 462 Volume 462 Biographies 249: Ding Ruchang, Wei Rugui Younger Brother: Ru Cheng, Ye Zhichao 13 passages
- Draft History of Qing, Chapter 150 Volume 150 Treatises 125: Transportation 2, Lun Chuan 12 passages
- Draft History of Qing, Chapter 433 Volume 433 Biographies 220: Jin Guochen, Huang Chunxi, Wu Kunxiu, Kang Guoqi, Li Hezhang Younger Brother: Zhao Qing, Wu Yulan 11 passages
- Draft History of Qing, Chapter 444 Volume 444 Biographies 231: Huang Tifang, Zong Shibaoting, Zong Shishengyu, Zhang Peilun, Deng Chengxiu, Xu Zhixiang 8 passages
- Draft History of Qing, Chapter 460 Volume 460 Biographies 247: Zuo Baogui Younger Brother: Bao Xian, Yong Shan, Deng Shichang, Liu Buchan, Lin Taiceng, Dai Zongqian 8 passages
Career and standing
- governor-general supervising Zhili 督畿輔AD 1879 光緒五年 · HeldDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 471, passages 6-7
- Governor-General of Zhili 直隸總督AD 1885 光緒十一年 · HeldDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 150, passage 123
- Governor-General of Zhili 直隸總督AD 1872 同治十一年 · HeldDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 150, passage 7
- peace negotiator and governor of Zhili 議和大臣，總督直隸AD 1900 拳亂作 · HeldDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 449, passage 109
- governor of the metropolitan region 督畿輔AD 1870 to AD 1901 鴻章之督畿輔也，先後垂三十年 · HeldDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 449, passage 98
- commander at Shanghai 帥師至滬HeldDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 435, passage 25
Show 4 more source-backed claims
- Governor-General of Zhili 直隸總督HeldDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 91, passage 150
- Governor-General of Zhili 總督直隸HeldDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 461, passage 62
- Grand Secretary 大學士HeldDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 433, passage 153
- Minister of the Northern Seas 北洋大臣HeldDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 152, passage 11
Places and affiliations
- Qing 清Relation ServedStrongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 139, passage 156; Draft History of Qing 150, passage 7
- Qing 清Relation ServedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 435, passage 25; Draft History of Qing 471, passage 7
- Polity Qing · Relation ServedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 458, passage 38
- Polity Qing 清 · Relation Served
- Polity Qing 清 · Relation ServedStrongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 152, passage 11; Draft History of Qing 462, passage 22
- AD 1888 光緒十四年At Tianjin 天津 · Relation Resided atDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 494, passage 123
Show 2 more source-backed claims
- AD 1885 明年At Tianjin 天津 · Relation Negotiated atDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 444, passage 203
- Organization Li Hongzhang's army 李鴻章軍 · Relation Commander ofDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 461, passage 60
Works and attributed material
- Military Academy 武備學堂Relation FoundedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 139, passage 188
- Tianjin Naval Academy 天津水師學堂Relation FoundedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 139, passage 186
- AD 1884 光緒十年Telegram · Author · Subject reported the loss of Bac NinhDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 458, passage 38
- AD 1881 光緒七年Memorial · AuthorDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 150, passages 100-111
- AD 1880 光緒六年Memorial · AuthorDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 150, passages 76-88
- AD 1874 同治十三年Memorial · AuthorDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 150, passages 11-28
Show 6 more source-backed claims
- Assessment · Author · Summary credited German infantry skill to daily woodland and field drill · Mode named-source-report Source Person Id Li Hongzhang (李鴻章)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 139, passages 182-183
- Letter · Author · With Wei Rucheng (衛汝成)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 462, passage 53
- Memorial · Author · With Ma Yukun (馬玉昆)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 461, passage 110
- Memorial · Author · Direct quotation · Mode quotation Speaker Li Hongzhang (李鴻章)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 91, passages 150-159
- Memorial · Author · Summary old arms insufficient against foreign powersDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 139, passages 177, 180-181
- Memorial · AuthorDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 444, passage 194
Events and relationships
- Arrived Shanghai formed Ever Victorious ArmyMilitary · CommanderDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 435, passage 25
- As Zhili governor general had Lü transferred into ZhiliDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 461, passage 62
- Asked Ruchang redeem by meritDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 462, passage 24
- Built navyOfficial · OrganizerDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 460, passage 47
- Consulted on war decisionAD 1884 光緒十年 · Political · ConsultantDated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 444, passage 151
- Denounced for harming the stateDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 444, passage 241
Show 38 more source-backed claims
- Established military academy and sent returned students to train campsMilitary · OrganizerDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 139, passage 188
- Founded naval academyMilitary · Organizer · At Tianjin 天津Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 139, passage 186
- Founded navy and fortress systemMilitary · FounderDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 449, passage 98
- Impeached by Huang Tifang for ineffective military administrationDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 444, passage 36
- Insisted on peaceDiplomatic · NegotiatorDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 463, passage 98
- Launched Beiyang westernizing new policiesAdministrative · ReformerDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 449, passages 99-100
- Lü Benyuan served under him against Taiping and NianDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 461, passage 60
- Memorialized on western envoy audiencesAD 1873 同治十二年 · Political · AdvisorDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 91, passage 150
- Negotiated treaty with PatenotreDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 444, passage 203
- Omitted Hezhang's merit from the victory report to avoid favoritism; a special edict ordered equal rewardDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 433, passage 160
- Ordered defense of LushunDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 461, passage 85
- Ordered to investigateAD 1880 光緒六年 · Political · Investigator · Organization China Merchants Company 招商局Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 150, passage 75
- Ordered to select officers to study foreign methodsMilitary · CommanderDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 139, passage 156
- Ordered Zhou Fu to organize Haikou defenseDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 449, passage 97
- Proposed foundingAD 1872 同治十一年 · Political · Proposer · Organization China Merchants Steam Navigation Company 輪船招商局Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 150, passage 7
- Received telegramDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 460, passage 16
- Received visitorDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 494, passage 123
- Recommended Peilun for treaty workDated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 444, passage 163
- Recommended Wei RuguiDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 462, passage 37
- Recommended Ye ZhichaoDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 462, passage 63
- Recommended Zhou Fu for Sichuan treasurerDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 449, passage 106
- Relayed nie jigui warningAD 1893 光緒十九年五月 · Administrative · ReporterDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 152, passage 43
- Requested postal countermeasuresAD 1893 光緒十九年 · Administrative · ReporterDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 152, passage 11
- Requested rewardsDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 150, passage 52
- Sent Beiyang academy graduates back to camps to teachMilitary · CommanderDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 139, passage 191
- Submitted naval regulationsDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 462, passage 22
- Took Peilun onto staff and married daughter to himDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 444, passage 161
- Transferred Yu Shimei to Beiyang serviceDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 443, passage 116
- Warned Wei before Korea marchDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 462, passage 39
- his father's friend 其父執Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 494, passage 123
- Relation Patron of · Person Zhou Fu (周馥)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 449, passages 87, 106
- Relation Colleague of · Person Shen Baozhen (沈葆楨)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 150, passage 141
- Relation Superior of · Person Lü Benyuan (呂本元)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 461, passages 60, 62
- Relation Patron of · Person Zhang Peilun (張佩綸)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 444, passages 161, 163
- Relation Trusted · Person Sheng Xuanhuai (盛宣懷)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 471, passage 3
- Relation Ally of · Person Sun Yuwen (孫毓汶)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 436, passage 189
- Relation Policy director of · Person He Ruzhang (何如璋)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 444, passage 170
- Relation Relayed report of · Person Nie Jigui (聶緝槼)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 152, passage 43
Assessments and attributes
- Assessment betrayed-the-nation-mishandled-war · Mode named-source-report Source Person Id Xu Zhixiang (徐致祥)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 444, passage 241
- Assessment blamed for favoring peace; accused of selling the state · Mode allegation Speaker An Weijun (安維峻)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 445, passages 134-135, 138
- Assessment far-sighted founder of China Merchants Company · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 150, passage 141
- Assessment ineffective military administration · Mode named-source-report Source Person Id Huang Tifang (黃體芳)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 444, passage 36
- Assessment made show of war prep while secretly favoring peace; blamed for defeat of Zuo and Nie · Mode named-source-report Source Person Id Zhang Baixi (張百熙)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 443, passage 41
- Assessment recommended Ma Yukun as a commander of talent who could succeed Song Qing · Mode speaker-assertion Speaker Li Hongzhang (李鴻章)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 461, passage 110
Source notes
- Historicity historical
- Value historicalDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 444, passage 36
References in the histories
114 passages
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