Overview
Liu Zhi was a warlord and Ruler.
IdentityHistorical · Male
Other names
| Type | English | Chinese | Pinyin |
|---|
| Personal name |
Liu Gong |
劉龔 |
|
Life and dates
Death
Attested activity
Family
Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.
- Kinship Role sons · Quantity unspecified
Career and standing
Heavenly August Great Emperor 天皇大帝
Posthumous
Emperor of Great Han 大漢皇帝
AD 917 梁貞明三年八月 · Era Name Qianheng 乾亨
Places and affiliations
- Polity Southern Han 大漢 · Relation Founded
Source notes
- From Gong 龔 · To Zhu 纻
- From Yan 巖 · To Gong 龔
- From Zhi 陟 · To Yan 巖
References in the histories
No matching passages.
Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 135Volume 135: Biographies of Usurpers 2: Liu Shouguang, Liu Zhi, Liu Chong · 19 passages
陟，隱之弟也，隱卒，代據其位。
Zhi was Yin's younger brother; when Yin died he took his place.
及梁末帝嗣位，務行姑息之政，乃盡以隱之官爵授陟。
When the Last Emperor of Liang succeeded and pursued indulgent rule, he transferred all Yin's offices and titles to Zhi.
先是，邕州葉廣略、容州龐巨源，或自擅兵賦，數侵廣之西鄙，陟舉兵討之，邕、容皆敗，因附庸於陟。
Ye Guanglue of Yongzhou and Pang Juyuan of Rongzhou had each seized military revenue and raided Guang's west. Zhi campaigned against them; both were defeated and became vassals.
陟不平之，遣將李知順伐之，執承美以獻，陟自是盡有嶺表之地。
Zhi resented this, sent Li Zhishun against him, seized Chenmei, and thereafter held all of Lingnan.
及聞錢镠冊封吳越王，陟恥稱南海之號，乃嘆曰：「中原多故，誰為真主，安能萬里梯航而事偽庭乎！」
Learning that Qian Liu was made Prince of Wuyue, Zhi scorned the title Southern Sea and sighed, "The heartland is in chaos—who is the true sovereign? Why should I sail ten thousand li to serve a false court?"
梁貞明三年八月，陟乃僭號於廣州，國號大漢，偽改元為乾亨。
In the eighth month of Liang Zhenming's third year Zhi usurped rule at Guangzhou as Great Han and adopted the era Qianheng.
明年，僭行郊禮，赦其境內，及改名巖。
The next year he performed a false suburban rite, amnestied his realm, and changed his name to Yan.
陟僭位之後，廣聚南海珠璣，西通黔、蜀，得其珍玩，窮奢極侈，娛僭一方，與嶺北諸藩歲時交聘。
After usurping the throne he hoarded southern pearls and jade, traded west to Qian and Shu for luxuries, reveled in extravagance, and exchanged yearly embassies with the northern Lingnan governors.
初，陟聞莊宗兵威甚盛，故令何詞來視虛實，時朝政已紊，莊宗亦不能以道制禦遠方，南海貢亦不至，自是與中國遂絕。
Zhi had sent He Ci to test Zhuangzong's strength; the court was already chaotic and Zhuangzong could not govern the far south—the tribute never came and ties with China were severed.
唐同光三年冬，白龍見於南海，改偽乾亨元年為白龍元年，陟又改名龔，以符龍之瑞也。
In Tongguang's third winter a white dragon appeared in the Southern Sea; he changed Qianheng to White Dragon and renamed himself Gong to match the omen.
是歲，陟僭行耤田之禮。
That year he performed a false plowing rite.
陟之季年，有梵僧善占算之術，謂陟不利名龔，他年慮有此姓敗事，陟又改名纻。
Late in life a Buddhist monk said the name Gong was unlucky and that a man of that surname would ruin him; Zhi changed his name again to Zhu.
纻讀為儼，古文無此字，蓋妄撰也。
Zhu was read as Yan; the character did not exist in antiquity—it was invented.
陟性雖聰辯，然好行苛虐，至有炮烙、刳剔、截舌、灌鼻之刑，一方之民，若據爐炭。
Clever though he was, Zhi loved cruel punishments—branding, disemboweling, tongue-cutting, nose-pouring—so that his people lived over coals.
晉天福七年夏四月，陟以疾卒，凡僭號二十六年，年五十四。
In the fourth month of Jin Tianfu's seventh year Zhi died of illness, having usurped for twenty-six years at age fifty-four.
偽謚為天皇大帝，廟號高祖，陵曰康陵。
His false posthumous title was Great Heavenly Emperor, temple name High Ancestor, tomb Kangling.
玢，陟長子也。
Bin was Zhi's eldest son.
陟卒，遂襲位，偽號光天。
When Zhi died he succeeded and adopted the false reign title Radiant Heaven.
晟，陟第二子也。
Sheng was Zhi's second son.