Nian Gengyao (年羹堯)

Overview

Nian Gengyao was an official and Governor.

Life and dates

Attested activity

AD 1722 六十一年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 293, passage 121
AD 1721 六十年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 293, passage 120
AD 1721 to AD 1722 年羹堯來京
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 293, passage 88
AD 1718 康熙五十七年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 298, passage 39
AD 1720 康熙五十九年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 298, passage 48
AD 1719 康熙五十八年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 298, passage 10

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AD 1721 康熙六十年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 298, passage 22
AD 1709 to AD 1725 雍正三年
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 284, passage 50
AD 1725 雍正三年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 286, passage 62
AD 1725 雍正三年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 298, passage 57
AD 1724 雍正二年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 293, passage 122
AD 1723 to AD 1725 雍正初年 context of Guangxi and Tianjin grain affair
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 293, passages 14, 32
AD 1720 to AD 1725 青海用兵時
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 300, passage 157

Family

Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.

Parent of Fu (富)
son 子
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 293, passage 32

Key source chapters

Career and standing

governor-general of Sichuan-Shaanxi 川陝總督
AD 1722 六十一年 · Appointed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 293, passage 121
Sichuan Governor 四川巡撫
AD 1721 六十年 · Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 293, passage 120
governor 巡撫
Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 300, passage 157

Places and affiliations

Polity Qing 清 · Relation Served
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 284, passage 50; Draft History of Qing 293, passages 32, 88, 120
Polity Qing 清 · Relation Served
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 298, passages 10, 39
At Sichuan 四川 · Relation Posted to
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 293, passage 120

Events and relationships

Accused of embezzlement
Denunciation · Accuser · With Li Fu (李紱)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 293, passage 36
Relation Political patron of · Person Manbao (滿保)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 284, passage 50
Relation Impeached · Person Cai Ting (蔡珽)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 293, passages 122-123
Relation Praised · Person Cai Ting (蔡珽)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 293, passage 88
Relation Conveyed message for · Person Yongzheng Emperor (世宗)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 293, passage 120
Relation Impeached · Person Cheng Rusi (程如絲)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 293, passage 141

Show 2 more source-backed claims

Relation Predecessor of · Person Yue Zhongqi (岳鍾琪)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 293, passage 137
Relation Rival of · Person Li Fu (李紱)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 293, passages 32, 36

Assessments and attributes

Assessment greedy and cruel · Mode named-speaker Speaker Cai Ting (蔡珽)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 293, passage 124

References in the histories

Search passages

History

23 passages

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 284Volume 284 Biographies 71: Jue Shi Man Bao, Shi Shibiao, Lan Tingzhen, Lin Liang, Ou Yangkai · 1 passage

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時尚書隆科多獲罪鞫訊，得滿保餽金交通狀，世宗諭責滿保諂隆科多、年羹堯，命毋賜卹予諡。 but at that time Minister Longkodo was convicted and interrogated, and evidence emerged of Manbao's gifts of gold and dealings with him. The Yongzheng Emperor rebuked Manbao for currying favor with Longkodo and Nian Gengyao and ordered that no posthumous pension or title be granted.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 286Volume 286 Biographies 73: Wang Shan, Lao Zhibian, Zhu Tianbao, Tao Yi · 1 passage

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因責掞藉事沽名，並涉其子奕清、奕鴻諂附年羹堯，目為奸巧，乃遣奕鴻與奕清同在軍前效力。 He rebuked Shan for using the matter to seek fame and accused his sons Yiqing and Yihong of currying favor with Nian Gengyao, calling them deceitful. He sent both sons to serve at the front.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 293Volume 293 Biographies 80: Li Fu, Cai Ting, Xie Jishi, Chen Xuehai · 13 passages

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紱在吏部時，年羹堯子富等捐造營房，下部議敘，不肯從優，為羹堯所嫉； While Fu served at the Ministry of Personnel, Nian Gengyao's son Fu and others had contributed funds to build barracks. When the ministry deliberated on rewards, Fu refused to grant them preferential treatment, and Nian Gengyao came to resent him;

先是，羹堯朝京師，入對，舉此訐紱，謂紱乾沒。 Earlier, when Nian Gengyao came to the capital for audience, he had cited this matter to denounce Fu, accusing him of embezzlement.

紱奏至，上謂維鈞與羹堯比，欲陷紱。 When Fu's memorial arrived, the emperor concluded that Li Weijun was in league with Nian Gengyao and meant to frame Fu.

年羹堯來京，亟稱珽，朕告以嘗招之不來，羹堯以語珽，珽复辭不至，以是朕益重之。 When Nian Gengyao came to the capital he repeatedly praised Ting. I told him I had once summoned Ting and he had not come; Gengyao relayed this to Ting, and Ting again declined. For that I esteemed him all the more.

六十年，四川巡撫年羹堯入覲，世宗命達意，仍堅辭。 In the sixtieth year Sichuan Governor Nian Gengyao came to court for audience. The future emperor ordered him to convey his intent, but Ting still firmly declined.

六十一年，羹堯授川陝總督，以珽代為四川巡撫，覲聖祖熱河行在，世宗方扈從，乃詣謁而去。 In the sixty-first year Gengyao was appointed governor-general of Sichuan-Shaanxi and Ting replaced him as governor of Sichuan. Ting had audience with the Kangxi Emperor at the Rehe imperial camp; the future emperor was then in attendance, and only then did Ting go to pay his respects and depart.

雍正二年，羹堯請川、陝開採鼓鑄，珽疏言四川不產鉛，開採非便，羹堯劾珽阻撓，下部議，當奪官。 In the second year of the Yongzheng reign, Gengyao requested opening mining and minting in Sichuan and Shaanxi. Ting memorialized that Sichuan did not produce lead and that opening mines was inadvisable. Gengyao impeached Ting for obstruction; after deliberation at the ministry he was to be stripped of office.

珽辱重慶知府蔣興仁，憤自殺，珽以病卒聞，羹堯劾之，上詰責再三，始自承。 Ting humiliated Chongqing Prefect Jiang Xingren, who in anger killed himself. Ting reported that Jiang had died of illness. Gengyao impeached him; the emperor questioned and rebuked him repeatedly before he finally confessed.

下部議，擬斬，詔逮至京師，召入見，具言羹堯貪暴及所以抗拒羹堯狀，上諭曰：「珽罪應如律，然劾之者羹堯，人將謂朕以羹堯故殺珽，是羹堯得操威福柄也。 The matter was referred to the ministry for deliberation and execution was proposed. An edict ordered him brought to the capital. He was summoned for audience and fully described Gengyao's greed and cruelty and how he had resisted him. The emperor said, "Ting's crime should follow the law, yet the one who impeached him is Gengyao. People will say I am killing Ting because of Gengyao, and Gengyao would then wield the power of reward and punishment.

會羹堯得罪，直隸總督李維鈞隱其財產，上命珽偕內大臣馬爾賽往按，得實，奪維鈞官，以珽署總督。 When Gengyao fell from favor, Zhili Governor-General Li Weijun concealed his property. The emperor ordered Ting to go with inner minister Ma'ersai to investigate. The facts were established, Li Weijun was stripped of office, and Ting was appointed acting governor-general.

初，上以岳鍾琪代年羹堯為川陝總督，珽入對，言鍾琪叵測。 Earlier, when the emperor appointed Yue Zhongqi to replace Nian Gengyao as governor-general of Sichuan-Shaanxi, Ting at audience said Zhongqi was unpredictable.

五年，召回京按訊，上閱羹堯幕客舉人汪景祺所著書，載珽撫四川時得夔州府知府程如絲賄，保治行第一。 In the fifth year he was recalled to the capital for interrogation. The emperor read a book by Gengyao's client, provincial graduate Wang Jingqi, which recorded that while Ting was governing Sichuan he had received bribes from Kuizhou Prefect Cheng Rusi and recommended him first in official conduct.

如絲守夔州，鬻私鹽，而捕湖廣民鬻私鹽者得輒殺之，為羹堯劾罷。 Rusi governed Kuizhou, sold private salt himself, and whenever he captured people from Huguang selling private salt he killed them on the spot. Gengyao impeached and dismissed him.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 298Volume 298 Biographies 85: Ga Er Bi, Fa La, Cha Kedan, Qin Bai, Chang Lai, Ha Yuan Sheng, Ha Shang De, Dong Fang, Cha Bina, Da Fu, Ding Shou, Su Tu · 5 passages

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準噶爾策妄阿喇布坦遣策零敦多卜襲據西藏，康熙五十八年，命噶爾弼馳赴四川佐總督年羹堯治軍事。 In Kangxi 58, after Tsewang Arabtan dispatched Tsering Dondob to occupy Tibet, the Emperor sent Garbi posthaste to Sichuan to help Governor-General Nian Gengyao with the war.

年羹堯以聞，命奪官； Nian Gengyao reported it, and the Emperor stripped him of office;

上命法喇馳赴四川佐年羹堯治軍事，並按提督標兵譁潰狀。 The Emperor sent Fala posthaste to Sichuan to aid Nian Gengyao and to inquire into the rout of the provincial brigade.

五十九年，年羹堯請授噶爾弼定西將軍，率師入西藏，令法喇還駐打箭爐。 In Kangxi 59 Nian Gengyao proposed Garbi as General Dingxi for the Tibetan advance while Fala fell back to Dajianlu.

準噶爾使至，守備馬德仁等供應失時，查克丹疏劾，並陳花馬池至甘州驛馬疲羸狀，命總督年羹堯嚴察。 Dzungar envoys came while Ma Deren and other assistants were late with provisions; Chakedan impeached them and described worn relay horses from Huamachi to Ganzhou, and Nian Gengyao was told to look into it.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 300Volume 300 Biographies 87: Chen Qi Yuan, He Shijian, Tang Jizu, Ma Weihan, Yu Dian, Wang Yezi, Liu Erwei · 3 passages

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時青海用兵，巡撫年羹堯督餉，多額外急徵，檄再三至，甸不應。 While Qinghai was at war, Governor Nian Gengyao supervised provisions and repeatedly imposed extra urgent levies. Dispatches arrived again and again, but Dian did not comply.

乃使僕持檄告諭，自朝至晡，甸不出，使者譁。 Gengyao sent a servant with a dispatch to announce the order. From morning until dusk Dian did not emerge, and the messenger raised an uproar.

羹堯亦置之。 Gengyao also let the matter drop.