Qianlong Emperor (乾隆帝)

Overview

The translated histories identify Qianlong Emperor as a ruler. This record brings together 85 passages from 3 chapters across 1 history, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.

Names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal	Qianlong Emperor	乾隆帝	Qianlong Di
Title	Emperor	帝	Di
Temple	Gaozong	高宗
Regnal	Qianlong	乾隆	Qianlong
Personal	Qianlong Emperor	高宗
Regnal	Qianlong Emperor	乾隆帝
Title	the emperor	上

Identity

Historicity: Historical
Identification: Named
Sex: Male

Sex: male
Strongly inferred · qingshigao:111:s0047, qingshigao:315:s0008, qingshigao:337:s0015

Roles

Ruler

Life and dates

Attested activity

Source Date: Text: 乾隆九年 · Western Year: AD 1744
Explicit · qingshigao:111:s0047
Source Date: Text: 乾隆二十二年 · Western Year: AD 1757
Explicit · qingshigao:315:s0008, qingshigao:315:s0011
Source Date: Text: 乾隆二十四年 · Western Year: AD 1759
Explicit · qingshigao:111:s0164
Source Date: Text: 乾隆五十年 · Western Year: AD 1785
Explicit · qingshigao:111:s0156
Source Date: Text: 乾隆十七年 · Western Year: AD 1752
Explicit · qingshigao:111:s0058
Source Date: Text: 乾隆十五年 · Western Year: AD 1750
Explicit · qingshigao:111:s0061, qingshigao:111:s0231
Source Date: Text: 乾隆十八年 · Western Year: AD 1753
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:111:s0063
Source Date: Text: 雍正十三年 · Western Year: AD 1735
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:337:s0015

Career and standing

Date Context: Source Date: Text: 雍正十三年 · Western Year: AD 1735
Explicit · qingshigao:337:s0015

Places and affiliations

Label: Qing / 清 · Relation: served
Strongly inferred · qingshigao:315:s0008
Polity: Qing / 清 · Relation: ruled
Explicit · qingshigao:111:s0047, qingshigao:337:s0015

Works and attributed material

Kind: edict · Role: speaker · Quoted: true · Provenance: Mode: direct-quotation · Speaker Person Id: Qianlong Emperor (乾隆帝) · Other Person Id: Gong Zhaolin (宮兆麟)
Explicit · qingshigao:337:s0147, qingshigao:337:s0148, qingshigao:337:s0150
Kind: edict · Role: speaker · Quoted: true · Provenance: Mode: direct-quotation · Speaker Person Id: Qianlong Emperor (乾隆帝) · Other Person Id: Tu Erbing'a (圖爾炳阿)
Explicit · qingshigao:337:s0072, qingshigao:337:s0073, qingshigao:337:s0074, qingshigao:337:s0075
Kind: edict · Role: speaker · Quoted: true · Provenance: Mode: direct-quotation · Speaker Person Id: Qianlong Emperor (乾隆帝) · Other Person Id: Lu Chao (盧焯)
Explicit · qingshigao:337:s0015, qingshigao:337:s0016, qingshigao:337:s0017, qingshigao:337:s0027, qingshigao:337:s0028, qingshigao:337:s0029, qingshigao:337:s0032, qingshigao:337:s0033, qingshigao:337:s0034
Kind: edict · Role: speaker · Quoted: true · Provenance: Mode: direct-quotation · Speaker Person Id: Qianlong Emperor (乾隆帝) · Other Person Id: Asiha (阿思哈)
Explicit · qingshigao:337:s0092, qingshigao:337:s0093, qingshigao:337:s0094, qingshigao:337:s0095
Kind: edict · Role: speaker · Quoted: true · Provenance: Mode: direct-quotation · Speaker Person Id: Qianlong Emperor (乾隆帝) · Other Person Id: Min Eyuan (閔鶚元)
Explicit · qingshigao:337:s0212, qingshigao:337:s0213, qingshigao:337:s0214
Kind: edict · Role: author · Quoted: false
Explicit · qingshigao:111:s0164, qingshigao:111:s0165, qingshigao:111:s0166
Kind: edict · Role: author · Quoted: true
Explicit · qingshigao:111:s0048, qingshigao:111:s0049, qingshigao:111:s0050, qingshigao:111:s0051, qingshigao:111:s0052, qingshigao:111:s0053, qingshigao:111:s0156, qingshigao:111:s0157, qingshigao:111:s0231, qingshigao:111:s0232, qingshigao:111:s0233, qingshigao:111:s0234
Kind: speech · Role: speaker · Quoted: true
Explicit · qingshigao:111:s0058, qingshigao:111:s0059
Kind: statement · Role: speaker · Quoted: true · Provenance: Mode: direct-quotation · Speaker Person Id: Qianlong Emperor (乾隆帝)
Explicit · qingshigao:337:s0230

Events and relationships

Kind: political · Role: issuer · Action: abolished-ministerial-self-assessment
Explicit · qingshigao:111:s0058, qingshigao:111:s0059, qingshigao:111:s0060
Kind: political · Role: issuer · Action: ordered-verification-of-first-grade-nominations
Explicit · qingshigao:111:s0047

References in the histories

Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 111Volume 111 Treatises 86: Selection and Examinations 6, Kao Ji · 7 passages

Open chapter

乾隆九年，帝慮部、院堂官有瞻徇情面濫列一等者，敕大學士驗看，慎重甄別，不稱一等者裁去。 In Qianlong 9 (1744), fearing ministry chiefs favored protégés with first-grade ratings, the emperor ordered grand ministers to verify nominations and strike unworthy candidates.

十七年，帝以「內、外大臣親自簡擢，隨時黜陟，奚待三年？ In Qianlong 17 (1752) the emperor declared: "I personally appoint and dismiss inner and outer ministers at will—why wait three years?

先是京堂官無甄敘例，乾隆十五年，帝以三品以上堂官，具本自陳，部、院司員，皆令引見，而四、五品京堂不在自陳之列，亦無引見之例，吏部、都察院考語無實，龍鍾庸劣者得姑容，才具優長者無由見。 Previously fourth- and fifth-rank metropolitan officials had no promotion review: third-rank and above submitted self-assessments and ministry staff were presented, but fourth- and fifth-rank officials were neither assessed nor presented; Board evaluations were perfunctory, mediocre officials were tolerated, and able ones had no chance to advance.

十八年，敕吏部開列三品京堂事實，親為裁奪。 In Qianlong 18 (1753) the emperor ordered the Board to submit factual records on third-rank metropolitan officials for his personal decision.

五十年，帝以保薦卓異，向分正附，未明定限制，易開徼幸之漸。 In Qianlong 50 (1785) the emperor noted that primary and supplementary outstanding nominations lacked clear limits, encouraging opportunism.

乾隆二十四年，帝以八法參本內不謹、浮躁官，未將何事不謹、何事浮躁、一一聲敘，或有公事無誤而節目闊疏，才具有為而氣質粗率，上司以意見不洽，概登白簡，不無可惜。 In Qianlong 24 (1759) the emperor noted that careless and frivolous impeachments often lacked specifics; some capable officials were impeached for procedural looseness or coarse manner, or because superiors disliked them—wasteful of talent.

十五年，以各省所保總兵官鮮當意，諭曰：「年滿千總一項，類多猥瑣。 In Qianlong 15 (1750), because nominated regional commanders rarely satisfied the emperor, an edict declared: "Battalion commanders completing tenure are mostly petty and trivial.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 315Volume 315 Biographies 102: Gao Tianxi, E Shi, San Ge, He Qi, Tang Kalu, A Min Dao, Man Fu, Dou Bin, Duan Ji Bu, Nuo Er Ben · 32 passages

Open chapter

乾隆二十二年，副將軍兆惠擊伊犁，天喜從參將邁斯漢赴援。 In the twenty-second year of the Qianlong reign, when Deputy General-in-Chief Zhaohui marched against Ili, Tianxi went as a subordinate of Colonel Maisihan to reinforce him.

巴里坤辦事大臣雅爾哈善以聞，上即奪邁斯漢官以命天喜。 Yarghashi, the minister resident at Barkul, reported the matter to the throne, and the emperor at once removed Maisihan from office and put Tianxi in command.

上賦詩惜之。 The emperor composed a poem lamenting his death.

上手詔詰責曰：「若謂地險，賊何以能行？ The emperor sent a personal edict of rebuke: "If the ground is too dangerous, how do the rebels manage to cross it?

上謂：「今當大雪，馬力應疲乏，尚能勦賊。 The emperor remarked, "There is heavy snow now, and the horses ought to be exhausted—yet you were still able to rout the rebels.

死事，上令仍視前鋒統領賜卹，諡果壯。 He died in action. The emperor ordered that he receive the condolence grants due a vanguard commander and honored him posthumously with the title Guozhuang.

死事，上命仍視副都統賜卹，諡剛勇。 He died in action. The emperor ordered that he receive the condolence grants due a vice commander and honored him posthumously with the title Gangyong.

乾隆十九年，命與侍衛海福將千人佐定西將軍永常討達瓦齊，遷寧夏將軍。 In the nineteenth year of the Qianlong reign he was ordered, together with imperial bodyguard Haifu, to lead a thousand men in support of Pacification-of-the-West General Yongchang's campaign against Dawachi, and was promoted to general at Ningxia.

永常劾和起兵不及額，而和起先疏言將九百人以往，留百人護輜重，上得永常疏，不之罪也。 Yongchang impeached He Qi for bringing fewer troops than required, but He Qi had already reported that he would advance with nine hundred men and leave a hundred to guard the baggage train. When the emperor read Yongchang's memorial, he declined to punish He Qi.

達什達瓦所屬宰桑訥默庫、曼集、烏達瑚們都等在軍私還游牧，命和起嚴鞫得實，以降人請予寬典，上不許，命正軍法。 The zaisangs Nemuku, Manji, Udahundu, and others under Dashdawa had slipped away from the army to return to their pastures. He Qi was ordered to investigate the matter rigorously and established the facts beyond dispute. Surrendered tribesmen pleaded for leniency, but the emperor refused and ordered them dealt with under military law.

乾隆十九年，賜副都統銜，命赴北路軍董理新降輝特台吉阿睦爾撒納、班珠爾等游牧地。 In the nineteenth year of the Qianlong reign he received the brevet rank of vice commander and was sent to the northern army to oversee the pastures of the newly surrendered Khoyit taijis Amursana, Banzhur, and others.