Tian Yun (田頵) | 24 Histories

Overview

The translated histories identify Tian Yun as a military officer, rebel, and warlord. This record brings together 15 passages from 2 chapters across 1 history, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.

Names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal	Tian Yun	田頵	Tián Yūn
Courtesy	Dechen	德臣	Déchén
Surname	Tian	田	Tian
Personal	Tian Yun	田頵	Tian Yun
Personal name	Tian Yun	田頵	Tian Yun
Given	Yun	頵	Yun

Identity

Historicity: Historical
Identification: Named
Sex: Male

Sex: male
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:017:s0083, jiuwudaishi:017:s0229, jiuwudaishi:024:s0105

Roles

Military Officer
Rebel
Warlord

Life and dates

Death

Manner: killed in battle after a bridge collapsed and his horse fell · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 天祐初十二月 · Western Year: AD 904
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:017:s0106, jiuwudaishi:017:s0108, jiuwudaishi:017:s0110
Manner: met disaster
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:024:s0107

Attested activity

Source Date: Text: 開平二年十一月 · Regnal Year: 2 · Month: 11 · Western Year: AD 908
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:017:s0228, jiuwudaishi:017:s0229
Source Date: Text: 天祐初 · Western Year: AD 904
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:017:s0089, jiuwudaishi:017:s0110
Source Date: Text: 宣州 then revolt · Western Interval: Start: AD 901 · End: AD 904
Strongly inferred · jiuwudaishi:024:s0105, jiuwudaishi:024:s0106

Career and standing

Label: Xuancheng military commissioner / 宣州節度使 · Action: held · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 天祐初 · Western Year: AD 904
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:017:s0089

Places and affiliations

Place: Hefei in Luzhou / 廬州合肥
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:017:s0085
Place: Xuanzhou / 宣州 · Relation: posted-at
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:024:s0105

Works and attributed material

Kind: letter · Role: author · Provenance: Mode: direct-speech · Speaker Person Id: Tian Yun (田頵) · Other Person Id: Yang Xingmi (楊行密)
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:017:s0090, jiuwudaishi:017:s0091, jiuwudaishi:017:s0092
Kind: speech · Role: speaker · Provenance: Mode: direct-speech · Speaker Person Id: Tian Yun (田頵) · Other Person Id: Du Xunhe (杜荀鶴)
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:017:s0099

Events and relationships

Kind: political · Role: warlord · Action: held-great-circuit · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgment
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:017:s0229
Kind: rebellion · Role: rebel · Action: prepared-to-raise-troops
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:024:s0106

Assessments and attributes

Assessment: among Cheng Rui, Zhong, Du, Tian, and Zhu, sincerity and clarity were superior · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgment
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:017:s0229

References in the histories

Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 17Volume 17 Book of Later Liang 17: Biographies 7: Cheng Rui, Du Hong, Tian Yun, Zhao Kuangning, Zhang Ji, Lei Man · 11 passages

Open chapter

田頵，本揚府之大校也。 Tian Yun had begun as a senior officer in the Yangzhou garrison.

〈（《九國志》：頵字德臣，廬州合肥人。）〉 (The 《Nine States Chronicle》 gives his style Dechen and his home as Hefei in Luzhou.)〉

唐天祐初，楊行密雄據淮海，時頵為宣州節度使，延壽為壽州刺史。 Early in Tianyou, Yang Xingmi dominated the Huai-Hai region; Yun held Xuancheng and Yanshou held Shou prefecture.

頵以行密專恣跋扈，嘗移書諷之曰：「侯王守方，以奉天子，古之制也。 Finding Yang Xingmi arrogant, Yun wrote to admonish him: "Princes are meant to guard their lands for the Son of Heaven—that is the ancient order.

況東南之鎮，楊為大，塵賤刀布，阜積金玉，願公上恒賦，頵將悉儲峙，具單車從。」 You are greatest in the southeast, piled with gold and goods. Send the regular tribute through me—I will store it and deliver it myself in one cart."

直頵之事，密遣人告於頵曰：「公有所欲為者，願為公執鞭。」 With Yun's plot in mind, he secretly sent word: "Whatever you intend, I will serve as your man."

頵聞之，頗會其志，乃召進士杜荀鶴具述其意，復語曰：「昌本朝，奉盟主，在斯一舉矣。」 Yun took his meaning, summoned the scholar Du Xunhe, laid out the plan, and said, "To restore the dynasty and serve our ally—everything hangs on this."

次悉兵攻宣城，頵戎力寡薄，棄壁走，不能越境，為行密軍所得。 Xingmi then attacked Xuancheng; Yun, outmatched, fled the walls but was caught before he could escape the prefecture.

〈（《九國志》：行密別遣台濛、王茂章率步騎以往，頵委舟師於汪建、王壇，自出廣德迎戰，大為濛所敗，遂率殘眾遁保宛陵。 (The 《Nine Kingdoms Annals》 says Xingmi sent Tai Meng and Wang Maozhang by land; Yun entrusted the fleet to Wang Jian and Wang Tan, then fought at Guangde, was routed, and fled to Wanyang with survivors.

十二月，頵出外州柵疾戰，橋陷馬墜，為外軍所殺。）〉 In the twelfth month Yun fought at the outer stockade; the bridge gave way, his horse fell, and the besiegers killed him.)〉

史臣曰：成汭、鍾、杜、田、朱之流，皆因否運，雄據大藩，雖無濟代之勞，且有勤王之節，功雖不就，誌亦可嘉，若較其誠明，則田頵、延壽斯為優矣。 The historian writes: Cheng Rui, Zhong, Du, Tian, Zhu and the like seized great domains in dark times; they lacked power to save the realm yet showed loyalty to the throne; merit failed but intent deserves praise—of them Tian Yun and Yanshou showed the truest hearts.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 24Volume 24 Book of Later Liang 24: Biographies 14: Li Ting, Lu Ceng, Sun Zhi, Zhang Jun, Zhang Yan, Du Xunhe, Luo Yin, Chou Yin, Duan Shen · 4 passages

Open chapter

是則荀鶴之受知於梁祖舊矣，不待田頵之箋問而始被遇也。）〉 So the Liang Founder had known Xunhe long before Tian Yun's letter brought him to court.)〉

時田頵在宣州，甚重之。 Tian Yun was then at Xuanzhou and held him in high esteem.

頵將起兵，乃陰令以箋問至，太祖遇之頗厚。 When Yun prepared to rebel he secretly sent a letter of inquiry ahead; the Founder treated Xunhe very well.

及頵遇禍，太祖以其才表之，尋授翰林學士、主客員外郎。 After Yun's fall the Founder praised his talent at court and soon made him Hanlin academician and supernumerary vice director of the Ministry of Reception.