Overview
Tycho Brahe was a Sixteenth-century astronomer known for precise observations of the heavens.
Other names
| Type | English | Chinese | Pinyin |
|---|---|---|---|
| Native name | Tycho |
Life and dates
Attested activity
- AD 1590 萬曆十八年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 47, passage 189
- AD 1585 明萬曆十三年Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 47, passage 272
- AD 1573 to AD 1620 明萬曆間Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 47, passages 31, 205, 214, 223, 232
- AD 1573 to AD 1620 明萬曆間Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 47, passages 182-188, 192, 321
- AD 1600 萬曆二十八年Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 47, passages 211, 229
- AD 1585 萬曆十三年Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 47, passage 246
Show 5 more source-backed claims
- AD 1600 第谷所定之數Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 28, passage 49
- AD 1572 to AD 1601 第谷測三月食Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 47, passage 94
- AD 1572 to AD 1601 西人第谷以前Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 28, passages 46-47
- AD 1546 to AD 1601 西法自多祿某以至第谷Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 26, passage 44
- AD 1600 迨至第谷Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 28, passage 47
Key source chapters
- Draft History of Qing, Chapter 47 Volume 47 Treatises 22: Calendar 3 15 passages
- Draft History of Qing, Chapter 50 Volume 50 Treatises 25: Calendar 6 6 passages
- Draft History of Qing, Chapter 28 Volume 28 Treatises 3: Astronomy 3, Sun, Moon, and the Five Planets, Fixed Stars, Yellow and Red Paths, the Twelve Stations, and Lunar Lodges, Hun Dan Zhong Xing 3 passages
- Draft History of Qing, Chapter 26 Volume 26 Treatises 1: Astronomy 1, Celestial Phenomena, Earth Shape, and Terrestrial Distances 1 passage
Origins and identity
- Westerner 西人Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 47, passage 321
- Ethnicity Westerner 西人Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 28, passage 46
- Group Westerner 西人
- Western 西人Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 26, passage 44; Draft History of Qing 50, passage 7
- Westerner 西人Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 47, passages 31, 94, 101, 182
Career and standing
- astronomer 天文學者Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 50, passage 7
- astronomer 測天者Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 47, passages 94, 101
- astronomer 西人Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 47, passages 257, 272, 276
- astronomer 西人測天者Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 47, passages 205, 214, 223, 232, 246
- astronomer 西人測星者Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 47, passages 182, 192
- Western astronomer 西人Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 47, passage 321
Show 1 more source-backed claim
- Western scholar-astronomer 西人Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 47, passage 31
Places and affiliations
- Polity West 西 · Relation Associated withDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 47, passages 257, 272, 276
- At his country 其國 · Relation Resided in · north polar altitude a little over 55 degreesDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 47, passage 31
Learning and skills
- Skill planetary observation and geometric reduction 測星及平三角推步 · Level practicedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 47, passages 205, 210, 214, 223, 232, 246, 251
- Skill lunar theory 月離遲疾 · Level renownedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 47, passages 94, 101
- Skill precise astronomical calculation and observation 精推測 · Level renownedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 47, passage 321
- Skill planetary observation 測星 · Level source-citedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 47, passages 257, 272, 276
- Skill astronomical measurement and spherical trigonometry 測算 · Level source-followedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 47, passages 33, 36
- Skill planetary observation 測土星 · Level used-as-authorityDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 47, passages 182, 192
Works and attributed material
- AD 1585 明萬曆十三年Observation · Author · ParaphrasedDated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 47, passages 272-273
- Calculation · Author · Paraphrased · Summary fixed stars move eastward along the ecliptic 51 seconds per year 定恆星循黃道每年東行五十一秒Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 47, passage 321
- Method · Author · ParaphrasedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 47, passages 33-35
- Observation · Author · ParaphrasedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 47, passages 257, 276
- Observation · Observer · Paraphrased
Events and relationships
- Derived Jupiter eccentricity, deferent, and epicycle radii from an eccentric modelAD 1573 to AD 1620 明萬曆間 · Scholarly · ComputerDated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 47, passages 205, 210
- Derived Mars eccentricity, deferent, and epicycle radiiAD 1573 to AD 1620 明萬曆間 · Scholarly · ComputerDated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 47, passages 223, 228
- Derived Saturn deferent and epicycle radii, eccentricity, and apogeeAD 1590 萬曆十八年 · Astronomical computation · ObserverDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 47, passages 188-189
- DeterminedScholarly · Observer · Result refraction decreases above the horizon; 5 seconds at 45 degrees and none higher 自地平以上，其差漸少，至四十五度，其差五秒，更高無差Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 47, passage 32
- Divided the deferent radius into two thirds deferent and one third epicycle after observational checksAstronomical · InvestigatorDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 47, passage 101
- Established deferent epicycle eccentricScholarly · Theorist · Mode named-source-report Source Work Daily Solar Motion Treatise (Later Compilation) 考成後編日躔歷理Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 26, passage 44
Show 21 more source-backed claims
- Explained atmospheric refractionScientific · DiscovererDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 50, passages 15-18
- Fixed the stars annual eastward motion along the ecliptic at 51 secondsAD 1573 to AD 1620 明萬曆間 · Scholarly · ObserverDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 47, passage 321
- Fixed precession rateScholarly · Astronomer · Outcome 51 seconds eastward per year (~1° in 70 years) 每歲東行五十一秒，約七十年有餘而行一度Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 28, passage 47
- Set tropical year three parts in ten thousand below Guo ShoujingScientific · Observer · Fixed tropical year lengthDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 50, passage 7
- Measured Jupiter at three oppositionsAD 1573 to AD 1620 明萬曆間 · Scholarly · ObserverDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 47, passages 205-209
- Measured Jupiter secondary deferent radius as 1,929,480 per 10,000,000AD 1573 to AD 1620 明萬曆間 · Scholarly · ObserverDated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 47, passages 205, 214
- Measured Mars at three oppositionsAD 1573 to AD 1620 明萬曆間 · Scholarly · ObserverDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 47, passages 223-227
- Measured Mars secondary deferent radii at combined solar and Martian apogee and perigeeAD 1573 to AD 1620 明萬曆間 · Scholarly · ObserverDated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 47, passages 223, 232-236
- Measured Saturn at three oppositionsAD 1573 to AD 1620 明萬曆間 · Astronomical observation · ObserverDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 47, passages 182-187
- Measured Saturn secondary deferent radius as 1,042,600 per 10,000,000AD 1573 to AD 1620 明萬曆間 · Astronomical observation · ObserverDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 47, passage 192
- Measured Venus at dawn and dusk maximum solar elongations and derived apogee and eccentricityAD 1585 萬曆十三年 · Scholarly · ObserverDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 47, passages 246-251
- MeasuredAD 1585 明萬曆十三年 · Astronomical · Observer · Object Mercury apogee and deferent/epicycle radii 水星最高及本輪、均輪半徑 · Method same method as for Venus 如測金星法 · Result apogee at Ximu 0°10′17″, annual apogee motion 1′45″14‴; eccentricity 682,155 per 10,000,000Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 47, passages 272-273
- MeasuredAD 1573 to AD 1620 明萬曆間 · Scholarly · Observer · At his country 其國 · Result maximum horizon refraction of 34 minutes 地平上最大差三十四分Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 47, passage 31
- MeasuredAstronomical · Observer · Object Mercury secondary-deferent radius 水星次輪半徑 · Result 3,850,000 per 10,000,000 of the deferent radiusDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 47, passage 276
- MeasuredAstronomical · Observer · Object Venus secondary-deferent radius 金星次輪半徑 · Result 7,224,850 per 10,000,000 of the deferent radiusDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 47, passage 257
- Observed three lunar eclipses used to derive deferent radius and apogeeAstronomical · ObserverDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 47, passages 94-99
- Placed a secondary deferent at the geocenter and added a secondary epicycleAstronomical · InvestigatorDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 47, passage 107
- Placed Jupiter apogee at Shouxing 8°40′ with annual motion 57″52‴AD 1600 萬曆二十八年 · Scholarly · ComputerDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 47, passage 211
- Placed Mars apogee at Quehuo 28°59′24″ with annual motion 1′7″AD 1600 萬曆二十八年 · Scholarly · ComputerDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 47, passage 229
- Supplied mars sun distance ratioDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 50, passage 29
- Relation Precession rate close to · Person Guo Shoujing (郭守敬)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 28, passage 47
Assessments and attributes
- Assessment rate-not-immutable · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 28, passage 49
Source notes
- Historicity historicalDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 47, passages 31, 205, 321
- The present calendar method follows Tycho's three-part division of the deferent radius, then revises his secondary-deferent placement.Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 47, passages 102, 108
- The present calendar system follows his procedure for stellar eastward motion.Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 47, passages 321-322
References in the histories
25 passages
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