Vimuktisri (必蘭納識裡)

Overview

Vimuktisri was a Monk and Translator.

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Alternate name	Cila-wam-dili	只剌瓦彌的理	Zhilawamidili

Life and dates

Death

AD 1332 至順三年
Execution
Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 202, passage 71

Attested activity

AD 1302 大德六年
Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 202, passage 60
AD 1314 to AD 1320 延祐間
Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 202, passages 62-67
AD 1312 to AD 1313 皇慶中
Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 202, passage 61
AD 1323 至治三年
Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 202, passage 69
AD 1332 至順三年
Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 202, passages 71, 110
AD 1331 至順二年
Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 202, passage 70

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AD 1314 to AD 1323 開府儀同三司
Strongly inferred · History of Yuan 202, passage 68

Family

Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.

Child of Mother of Vimuktisri
mother 母 · maternal line
mother 母
Directly stated · History of Yuan 202, passage 68

Career and standing

Grand Master of Splendid Happiness 光祿大夫
AD 1314 to AD 1320 延祐間 · Appointed
Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 202, passage 62
translator of Sanskrit scriptures 翻譯諸梵經典
AD 1312 to AD 1313 皇慶中 · Appointed
Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 202, passage 61
Commissioner for Introducing Envoys of All States 諸國引進使
AD 1323 至治三年 · Appointed
Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 202, passage 69
concurrent head of the Merit Commissioner's office 兼領功德使司事
Appointed
Directly stated · History of Yuan 202, passage 68
Opening the Mansion, Equal in Honor to the Three Dukes 開府儀同三司
Appointed
Directly stated · History of Yuan 202, passage 68
Universal Enlightenment, Perfect Illumination, Broad Radiance, Great Eloquence, Tripitaka State Preceptor 普覺圓明廣照弘辯三藏國師
AD 1331 至順二年 · Added
Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 202, passage 70

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Vinaya Protector 沙津愛護持
AD 1323 至治三年 · Granted
Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 202, passage 69
Granted
Enriched stipend
Directly stated · History of Yuan 202, passage 68
confiscation of property 籍之
AD 1332 至順三年 · Suffered
Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 202, passage 110
execution for sedition 坐誅
AD 1332 至順三年 · Suffered
Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 202, passage 71

Places and affiliations

Polity Id yuan · Relation Served
Directly stated · History of Yuan 202, passages 60, 62, 68
At Gammu state of Beiting 北庭感木魯國
Directly stated · History of Yuan 202, passage 58
At Beiting 北庭 · Relation Native of
Directly stated · History of Yuan 202, passage 58

Learning and skills

Uighur and Indian scripts in youth; Tripitaka and many languages in adulthood 幼熟畏兀兒及西天書，長能貫通三藏暨諸國語
Directly stated · History of Yuan 202, passage 59
Skill Tripitaka 三藏 · Level full-command
Directly stated · History of Yuan 202, passage 59
Skill Indian / Western Heaven scripts 西天書 · Level mastered-in-youth
Directly stated · History of Yuan 202, passage 59
Skill Uighur script 畏兀兒 · Level mastered-in-youth
Directly stated · History of Yuan 202, passage 59
Skill foreign languages 諸國語 · Level penetrating
Directly stated · History of Yuan 202, passage 59

Works and attributed material

Sanskrit Buddhist scriptures 諸梵經典
AD 1312 to AD 1313 皇慶中 · Relation Translator
Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 202, passage 61
Gandharvajihvā Prajñā Sūtra 乾陀般若經
Relation Translator
Directly stated · History of Yuan 202, passage 72
Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra 大涅槃經
Relation Translator
Directly stated · History of Yuan 202, passage 72
Mahāyāna Sūtra of Ornamented Precious Degrees 大乘莊嚴寶度經
Relation Translator
Directly stated · History of Yuan 202, passage 72
Śūraṅgama Sūtra 楞嚴經
Relation Translator
Directly stated · History of Yuan 202, passage 72
Sūtra of Wondrous Contemplation Meditation 不思議禪觀經
Relation Translator
Directly stated · History of Yuan 202, passage 72

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Sūtra Praising Mahāyāna Merit 稱讚大乘功德經
Relation Translator
Directly stated · History of Yuan 202, passage 72

Events and relationships

Plotted sedition
AD 1332 至順三年 · Political · Conspirator · With Yue-lu-tie-mu-er (月魯帖木兒)
Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 202, passage 71
Read gold leaf memorial and dictated translation
AD 1314 to AD 1320 延祐間 · Diplomatic · Translator
Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 202, passages 64-66
Received precepts from imperial preceptor
AD 1302 大德六年 · Ordination · Ordinand · At Broad Cold Hall 廣寒殿
Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 202, passage 60
Took tonsure on emperor's behalf
AD 1302 大德六年 · Monastic · Proxy
Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 202, passage 60
Translated foreign tribute memorials
AD 1314 to AD 1320 延祐間 · Diplomatic · Translator
Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 202, passage 63
Relation Co conspirator of · Person Yue-lu-tie-mu-er (月魯帖木兒)
Directly stated · History of Yuan 202, passage 71

Assessments and attributes

Assessment erudition that none could trace to a teacher; some regarded as divine intuition · Mode named-source-report
Directly stated · History of Yuan 202, passage 67
AD 1314 to AD 1320 延祐間
Item silver seal 銀印 · Relation Bestowed
Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 202, passage 62
AD 1323 至治三年
Item gold seal 金印 · Relation Bestowed
Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 202, passage 69
AD 1331 至順二年
Item jade seal 玉印 · Relation Bestowed
Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 202, passage 70
Item livestock, farmland, gold, silver, goods, currency, mansions, books, paintings, curios, and women's seven-treasure fittings 人畜土田、金銀貨貝錢幣、邸舍、書畫器玩，以及婦人七寶裝具 · Relation Possessed · Mode named-source-report
Directly stated · History of Yuan 202, passage 110
Item Three Platforms silver seal 三台銀印 · Relation Bestowed
Directly stated · History of Yuan 202, passage 68

Source notes

Historicity historical
Directly stated · History of Yuan 202, passage 58
AD 1302 大德六年
From Cila-wam-dili 只剌瓦彌的理 · To Vimuktisri 必蘭納識裡
Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 202, passages 58, 60

References in the histories

Search passages

History

8 passages

History of Yuan, Chapter 202Volume 202 Biographies 89: Buddhists and Taoists · 8 passages

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其後又有必蘭納識裡者，初名只剌瓦彌的理，北庭感木魯國人。 Later there was also Vimuktisri, originally named Cila-wam-dili, a native of the Gammu region of Beiting.

延祐間，特賜銀印，授光祿大夫。 During the Yanyou era he received a special silver seal and was appointed Grand Master of Splendid Happiness.

是時諸番朝貢，表箋文字無能識者，皆令必蘭納識理譯進。 Whenever foreign states sent tribute, no one at court could read their memorials — all were entrusted to Vimuktisri for translation and presentation.

必蘭納識理隨取案上墨汁塗金葉，審其字，命左右執筆，口授表中語及使人名氏與貢物之數，書而上之。 Vimuktisri took ink from the desk, rubbed it over the gold leaf to reveal the characters, then dictated the memorial's contents — including the envoy's name and the list of tribute items — while attendants wrote it down for presentation to the throne.

授開府儀同三司，仍賜三台銀印，兼領功德使司事，厚其廩餼，俾得以養母焉。 He was appointed Honorary Three Excellencies of the First Rank, given the Three Platforms silver seal, and placed in charge of the Merit Commissioner's office. His stipend was increased so that he could support his mother.

至治三年，改賜金印，特授沙津愛護持，且命為諸國引進使。 In the third year of the Zhizhi era he received a gold seal, was granted the title Vinaya Protector, and was appointed commissioner for receiving foreign envoys.

至順二年，又賜玉印，加號普覺圓明廣照弘辯三藏國師。 In the second year of the Zhishun era he received a jade seal and the added title State Preceptor of the Tripitaka, Universal Enlightenment, Perfect Illumination, Broad Radiance, and Great Eloquence.

必蘭納識里之誅也，有司籍之，得其人畜土田、金銀貨貝錢幣、邸舍、書畫器玩，以及婦人七寶裝具，價直巨萬萬云。 When Vimuktisri was executed, officials inventoried his property: livestock, farmland, gold and silver, goods, currency, mansions, books, paintings, curios, and women's jewelry fittings — said to be worth tens of millions.