Xu Zhen (徐珍) | 24 Histories

Overview

Xu Zhen was a Militia Leader and Official.

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Courtesy name	Pinqing	聘卿	Pinqing

Life and dates

Death

卒後
Unstated
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 452, passage 173

Attested activity

AD 1894 to AD 1895 光緒二十年……值中日戰亟
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 452, passage 150
AD 1911 卒後
Uncertain · Draft History of Qing 452, passage 173
AD 1900 拳匪亂作
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 452, passages 164-165
AD 1904 to AD 1905 日俄之戰
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 452, passages 166-168
AD 1894 to AD 1895 日軍犯遼
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 452, passages 161-163
AD 1911 武昌變起
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 452, passages 169-172

Career and standing

militia leader 練長
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 452, passages 161-162
drill leader 練長
AD 1894 to AD 1895 光緒二十年……值中日戰亟 · Appointed
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 452, passage 150
drill leader 練長
AD 1894 to AD 1895 日軍犯遼 · Appointed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 452, passage 162
assistant commander of the patrol defense battalion 巡防營幫統
AD 1911 武昌變起 · Appointed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 452, passages 170-171
county registrar 縣主簿
AD 1895 to AD 1895 事定 · Recommended
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 452, passage 163
prefect 知府
Recommended
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 452, passage 168

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special shrine 專祠
Posthumously honored
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 452, passage 173
Entered
AD 1911 尋以巡防改編陸軍，遂辭職 · Resigned
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 452, passage 172

Places and affiliations

Polity Qing 清 · Relation Served
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 452, passages 161, 168, 171
At Liaoyang 遼陽
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 452, passage 160
At Miandong, southern Liaoyang 遼南靦峒
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 452, passage 150
AD 1894 to AD 1895 日軍犯遼
At Jidongyu 吉洞峪 · Relation Defended
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 452, passages 161-162
AD 1911 武昌變起
At Benxi 本溪 · Relation Posted to
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 452, passage 171
AD 1911 武昌變起
At Haicheng 海城 · Relation Posted to
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 452, passage 171

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AD 1911 武昌變起
At Liaoyang 遼陽 · Relation Posted to
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 452, passage 171
AD 1911 武昌變起
At Xiuyan 岫岩 · Relation Posted to
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 452, passage 171
AD 1911 武昌變起
Organization patrol defense battalion 巡防營 · Relation Officer of
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 452, passages 170-171
Organization Jidongyu village militia 吉洞峪鄉團 · Relation Commander of
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 452, passages 161-162

Works and attributed material

上不支官款，下不取民財，徒以忠義之故，護衛鄉閭，保全無算
Official report · Subject · With Zhao Erxun (趙爾巽) · Direct quotation
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 452, passage 167

Events and relationships

Defended pass
AD 1894 to AD 1895 日軍犯遼 · Military · Commander · At Jidongyu 吉洞峪 · Outcome The enemy could not prevail
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 452, passage 161
Garrisoned four cities
AD 1911 武昌變起 · Military · Assistant commander · At Liaoyang, Haicheng, Xiuyan, and Benxi 遼陽、海城、岫岩、本溪 · Outcome The region remained at peace
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 452, passages 169-171
Maintained neutrality
AD 1904 to AD 1905 日俄之戰 · Diplomatic · Local authority
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 452, passage 166
Militia disbanded by jealous regulars
AD 1894 to AD 1895 日軍犯遼 · Military · Drill leader · Outcome Defense slackened; the militia's name became famous at home and abroad
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 452, passage 162
Organized militia and suppressed bandits
AD 1900 拳匪亂作 · Military · Organizer
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 452, passage 164
Shrine built after death
Ritual · Honoree · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 452, passage 173

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Suppressed attacks
AD 1900 拳匪亂作 · Military · Commander · At Teng'ao Fort and Huangou 騰鰲堡及荒溝
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 452, passage 165
Trained militia in military methods
AD 1894 to AD 1895 光緒二十年……值中日戰亟 · Military · Drill leader
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 452, passage 150

Assessments and attributes

Assessment loyal and courageous · Mode named-source-report Source Person Id Zhao Erxun (趙爾巽)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 452, passage 170
Assessment took no government funds and no private levies; through loyalty guarded the villages and saved countless lives · Mode named-source-report Source Person Id Zhao Erxun (趙爾巽)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 452, passage 167
Assessment upright, courageous, and resourceful · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 452, passage 161

Source notes

Historicity historical
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 452, passages 150, 160

References in the histories

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 452Volume 452 Biographies 239: Hong Rukui, Yang Zonglian, Shi Pu, Shi Kekuan, Shen Baojing, Zhu Qiang Younger Brother: Qi Zhao, Zong Yuanhan, Xu Qingzhang, Xu Zhen, Kuai Guangdian, Chen Yusheng, Pan Minbiao, Yan Zuolin, Tang Xijin, Lou Chunfan · 7 passages

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自遼陽而岫嚴、海城、复縣三千六百村士民，編團數万人，以遼南靦峒徐珍為練長，勒以兵法。 From Liaoyang through Xiuyan, Haicheng, and Fuxian he organized militia from 3,600 villages into a force of tens of thousands, with Xu Zhen of Miandong as drill leader, trained in military discipline.

徐珍，字聘卿，遼陽人。 Xu Zhen, styled Pinqing, came from Liaoyang.

剛正多勇略，日軍犯遼，珍獨率民團守吉洞峪，扼險堅持，敵不得逞。 Upright and resourceful, when Japanese troops invaded Liaodong he alone led militia to hold Jidong Pass, blocking the enemy at a strategic defile.

拳匪亂作，珍復辦民團，聯數百村，有匪即剿捕，不分畛域。 When the Boxer movement broke out he again organized militia across hundreds of villages and hunted down bandits wherever they appeared, regardless of jurisdiction.

日俄之戰，珍嚴守中立，不稍假藉。 During the Russo-Japanese War he strictly maintained neutrality and gave neither side any advantage.

總督趙爾巽嘉珍功，以辦團成績上，有「上不支官款，下不取民財，徒以忠義之故，護衛鄉閭，保全無算」之語。 Governor-General Zhao Erxun praised his militia work, writing that he "took no government funds above and no private levies below, but solely through loyalty protected the countryside and saved countless lives."

爾巽知珍義勇，委充巡防營 Knowing Zhen's loyal courage, Erxun appointed him to the patrol defense battalion