Qing · Calligrapher and Official

Zhang Zhao 張照

Attested AD 1662 - AD 1745

Passages: 6
Chapters: 1
Histories: 1

Overview

Zhang Zhao was a Calligrapher and Official.

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Posthumous name	Zhang Wenmin	張文敏	Zhang Wenmin

Life and dates

Attested activity

AD 1730 to AD 1745 尚書張照
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 60
AD 1730 to AD 1745 張文敏
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 503, passages 75-76
AD 1662 to AD 1722 明、清之際以後江左書家
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 15

Career and standing

calligrapher 書人
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 208
Minister 尚書
Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 60
Detained
Detention
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 60

Places and affiliations

Polity Qing 清 · Relation Associated
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 15
Polity Qing 清 · Relation Lived under
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 208
Polity Qing 清 · Relation Served
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 60
At Jiangzuo (lower Yangtze) 江左 · Relation Active in
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 15

Learning and skills

Skill running script 行書 · Level ranked · Domain calligraphy 書
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 208
Skill calligraphy 書 · Level preeminent-in-Qing
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 503, passages 75-76

Events and relationships

placed in capable grade, lower rank for running script 能品下，行書
Critical · Subject · Ranked · With Shichen (世臣)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 208
Relation Learned brush method from · Person He Guozong (何國宗)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 60
Relation Student of · Person Wang Hongxu (王鴻緒)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 75
Relation Stylistic heir of · Person Dong Qichang (董其昌)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 16

Assessments and attributes

capable grade, lower rank: running script 能品下，行書
Assessment capable grade, lower rank · Mode named-source-report Source Person Id Shichen (世臣)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 208
Assessment only master of the transmitted brush method in the Qing dynasty · Mode quoted-speech Speaker Liang Yan (梁巘)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 503, passage 76

References in the histories

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 503Volume 503 Biographies 290: Yi Shu Er · 6 passages

自明、清之際，工書者，河北以王鐸、傅山為冠，繼則江左王鴻緒、姜宸英、何焯、汪士鋐、張照等，接踵而起，多見他傳。 From the Ming-Qing transition onward, the leading calligraphers of Hebei were Wang Duo and Fu Shan; in the lower Yangtze region Wang Hongxu, Jiang Chenying, He Chao, Wang Shihong, Zhang Zhao, and others followed in quick succession—most of whom are treated in other biographies.

大抵淵源出於明文徵明、董其昌兩家，鴻緒、照為董氏嫡派，焯及澍則於文氏為近。 Their lineages for the most part traced back to the Ming masters Wen Zhengming and Dong Qichang: Hongxu and Zhao were direct heirs of Dong Qichang's tradition, while He Chao and Wang Shu stood closer to Wen Zhengming's.

初為咸安宮教習，至京師，聞欽天監正何國宗曾以事系刑部，時尚書張照亦以他事在系，得其筆法，因詣家就問。 He first served as an instructor at the Xian'an Palace; on reaching the capital he learned that the Director of the Astronomical Bureau He Guozong had once been held in the Ministry of Justice, and that the Minister Zhang Zhao had been detained at the same time and had learned He's brush technique—so Liang went to He's home to seek instruction.

二王以後，至唐、宋、元、明諸大家，口口相傳如是，董宗伯以授王司農鴻緒，司農以授張文敏，吾聞而知之。 From the Two Wangs down through the great masters of Tang, Song, Yuan, and Ming it was handed down mouth to mouth in just this way: Dong Qichang taught Wang Hongxu, Wang Hongxu taught Zhang Zhao, and I learned it by hearing it passed on.

本朝但有一張文敏耳，他未為善。 In our dynasty there has been only one Zhang Zhao; no one else has mastered it properly.

能品下二十三人，王鐸草書，周亮工草書，笪重光行書，吳大來草書，趙潤草榜書，張照行書，劉紹庭草榜書，吳襄行書，翟賜履草書，王澍行書，週於禮行書，梁巘真及行書，翁方綱行書，於令行書，巴慰祖分書，顧光旭行書，張惠言篆書，王文治方寸真書，劉墉行書，汪庭桂分書，錢伯坰行及榜書，陳希祖行書，黃乙生小真行書。 capable grade, lower rank, twenty-three artists: Wang Duo in cursive script, Zhou Lianggong in cursive script, Da Chongguang in running script, Wu Dalai in cursive script, Zhao Run in cursive plaque script, Zhang Zhao in running script, Liu Shaoting in cursive plaque script, Wu Xiang in running script, Zhai Cilü in cursive script, Wang Shu in running script, Zhou Yuli in running script, Liang Yan in regular and running script, Weng Fanggang in running script, Yu Ling in running script, Ba Weizu in clerical script, Gu Guangxu in running script, Zhang Huiyan in seal script, Wang Wenzhi in small regular script, Liu Yong in running script, Wang Tinggui in clerical script, Qian Bojiong in running and plaque script, Chen Xizu in running script, and Huang Yisheng in small regular and running script.