Ming · Ruler

Zhu Yunwen 朱允炆

Attested AD 1399 - AD 1402

Passages: 9
Chapters: 1
Histories: 1

Overview

Zhu Yunwen was a ruler.

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Posthumous name	Emperor Gongmin Hui	恭閔惠皇帝
Alternate name	Hui	惠

Life and dates

Death

Escaped through a hidden passage · Negated true
Uncertain · History of Ming 4, passage 181
Unknown; palace burned; Yan recovered a body from the fire · At the palace 宮中 · Negated false
Uncertain · History of Ming 4, passages 179-180

Attested activity

AD 1402 建文四年六月癸丑
Directly stated · History of Ming 4, passages 168, 173
AD 1399 to AD 1402 踐阼之初
Directly stated · History of Ming 4, passages 202-203

Family

Kin of Zhu Ying (安王楹)
Prince of An 安王
Strongly inferred · History of Ming 4, passage 174
Kin of Zhu Hui (谷王橞)
Prince of Gu 谷王
Strongly inferred · History of Ming 4, passage 174
Kin of Zhu Di (燕王)
Prince of Yan 燕王
Strongly inferred · History of Ming 4, passage 169

Kinship Role heirs · Quantity descendants for whom renewed enfeoffment was requested
Directly stated · History of Ming 4, passage 188
Kinship Role princes · Quantity the princes assigned to the capital
Directly stated · History of Ming 4, passage 173

Career and standing

Emperor Gongmin Hui 恭閔惠皇帝
Bestowed posthumously
Directly stated · History of Ming 4, passage 189

Places and affiliations

Ming 明
Relation Ruled
Strongly inferred · History of Ming 4, passage 179

Works and attributed material

Edict · Author · Paraphrased
Directly stated · History of Ming 4, passage 176

Events and relationships

Accepted blame and published Yin Changlong memorial
Court · Sovereign · With Yin Changlong (尹昌隆)
Directly stated · History of Ming 4, passage 205
Released sole surviving sons and cut Suzhou Songjiang levies
Policy · Sovereign
Directly stated · History of Ming 4, passage 206
Sent wax sealed summons for relief armies
Personnel · Sovereign
Directly stated · History of Ming 4, passage 176

Assessments and attributes

Assessment honored worthy men and loved learning · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · History of Ming 4, passage 203
Assessment naturally humane and generous · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · History of Ming 4, passage 202

Source notes

Palace-fire death versus escape through a hidden passage
Field death
Directly stated · History of Ming 4, passages 179-181

References in the histories

Search passages

History

9 passages

History of Ming, Chapter 4Volume 4 Annals 4: Emperor Gongming · 9 passages

宮中火起，帝不知所終。 Flames swept the palace; no one knew what became of the emperor.

燕王遣中使出帝後屍於火中，越八日壬申葬之。 The Prince of Yan sent eunuchs to recover the emperor's body from the blaze; eight days later, on the renshen day, it was buried.

或云帝由地道出亡。 Others held that he had slipped away through a hidden passage.

有僧自雲南至廣西，詭稱建文皇帝。 A monk came up from Yunnan into Guangxi and pretended to be the Jianwen emperor.

自後滇、黔、巴、蜀間，相傳有帝為僧時往來跡。 After that, across Yunnan, Guizhou, Ba, and Shu, people kept saying they could trace the emperor's wanderings from the years he had lived as a monk.

正德、萬曆、崇禎間，諸臣請續封帝後，及加廟諡，皆下部議，不果行。 Under the Zhengde, Wanli, and Chongzhen emperors, ministers repeatedly asked that the Jianwen line be enfeoffed again and that temple rites and a posthumous title be granted; each proposal went to the ministries and died there.

大清乾隆元年，詔廷臣集議，追諡曰恭閔惠皇帝。 In the first year of the Qianlong reign, the Qing court ordered its ministers to convene and bestowed the posthumous title Emperor Gongmin Hui.

贊曰：惠帝天資仁厚。 The eulogy says: Emperor Hui was naturally humane and generous.

更越聖朝，得經論定，尊名壹惠，君德用彰，懿哉。 Under the present sage dynasty, canonical deliberation settled the matter; his honored name was unified as Hui, and his sovereign virtue stands revealed—admirable indeed!