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Table of contents.
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有明諸籓，分封而不錫土，列爵而不臨民，食祿而不治事，史稱其制善。 清興，諸子弟但稱台吉、貝勒； 既乃斅明建親、郡王，而次以貝勒、貝子，又次以公爵，復別為不入八分。 蓋所以存國俗，而等殺既多，屏衛亦益廣，下此則有將軍，無中尉，又與明小異； 諸王不錫土，而其封號但予嘉名，不加郡國，視明為尤善。 然內襄政本，外領師幹，與明所謂不臨民、不治事者乃絕相反。
During the Ming, imperial clansmen were enfeoffed without receiving territorial fiefs, granted noble ranks without governing commoners, and drew stipends without holding administrative duties; the histories call this arrangement a good one. At the founding of the Qing, the emperor's sons and brothers bore only the titles taiji and beile; Later they adopted the Ming practice of enfeoffing imperial kinsmen as princes, followed in rank by beile and beizi, then dukes, and finally a separate class not admitted to the Eight Privileges. The design preserved Manchu custom while multiplying ranks so that the dynasty's bulwark grew wider still. Beneath these ranks stood generals but not commandery princes—a further slight departure from Ming practice; Qing princes likewise received no territorial fiefs; their titles were purely honorific, without appanage to a commandery or state, which was judged superior even to the Ming system. Yet within the court they shared in the foundations of government, and without they led armies—precisely the opposite of the Ming ideal of princes who neither governed the people nor handled affairs.
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國初開創，櫛風沐雨，以百戰定天下，繄諸王是庸。 康熙間，出討三籓，勝負互見，而卒底蕩平之績。 其後行師西北，仍以諸王典兵。 雍正、乾隆諒闇之始，重臣宅揆，亦領以諸王。 嘉慶初，以親王為軍機大臣，未幾，以非祖制罷。 穆宗踐阼，輟贊襄之命，而設議政王，尋仍改直樞廷。 自是相沿，爰及季年，親貴用事，以攝政始，以攝政終。 論者謂有天焉，誠一代得失之林也。
In the dynasty's founding years, the emperors endured hardship and won the empire in a century of warfare, relying above all on the princes. Under Kangxi they campaigned against the Three Feudatories; though fortune seesawed, they ultimately brought the rebellion to a full end. Later, campaigns in the northwest were again entrusted to princes as commanders. At the outset of the Yongzheng and Qianlong reigns, when great ministers held the premiership, princes likewise led those offices. Early in Jiaqing a prince was appointed to the Grand Council, but soon removed because the appointment violated ancestral precedent. When Tongzhi came to the throne, the mandate to assist the ruler was set aside and a Prince Regent was installed; shortly afterward government reverted to the direct Grand Council. Thereafter, down to the dynasty's closing years, the imperial clan wielded authority—rule began under a regent and ended under one. Observers called this the working of Heaven; in truth it forms a whole thicket of what one age gained and lost.
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今用諸史例，以皇子為宗，子孫襲爵者從焉； 子孫別有功績復立爵者亦從焉。 其爵世，備書之； 其爵不世，則具詳於表。 表曰皇子，傳曰諸王，亦互文以見義焉。 自公以下，別被除拜具有事實者，及疏宗登追列高位著名績者，皆散與諸臣相次。 清矯明失，宗子與庶姓並用，通前史之例以存其實也。
Here, following precedent in the various histories, imperial sons form the main line, and descendants who inherit noble titles are included as well; so too are descendants who later won distinction and received new enfeoffments. Hereditary titles are recorded in full; non-hereditary ranks are given in detail in the tables. The tables speak of "imperial sons" while the biographies speak of "the various princes"—a deliberate alternation of wording to clarify the distinction. From the rank of duke downward, those separately enfeoffed or removed when facts warrant it, and collateral clansmen posthumously elevated for famous deeds, are interleaved in order among the other ministers. The Qing corrected Ming mistakes by employing both imperial clansmen and commoners, following earlier historiographic practice to preserve what actually happened.
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景祖五子：翼皇后生顯祖； 諸子，武功郡王禮敦，慧哲郡王額爾袞，宣獻郡王齋堪，恪恭貝勒塔察篇古，皆不詳其母氏。
Emperor Jingzu had five sons: by Empress Yi he fathered Emperor Xianzu; His other sons were Li Dun, Prince of Military Merit; Ergun, Prince of Sagacious Wisdom; Zhaikan, Prince of Exalted Offering; and Tachapiangu, Prince of Reverent Respect—their mothers are not recorded.
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武功郡王禮敦，景祖第一子也。 肇祖而下，世系始詳，事蹟未備，四傳至興祖。 興祖六子：長，德世庫； 次，劉闡； 次，索長阿； 次，景祖； 次，包朗阿； 次，寶實：號「甯古塔貝勒」。 景祖承肇祖舊業，居赫圖阿拉，德世庫居覺爾察，劉闡居阿哈河洛，索長阿居河洛噶善，包朗阿居尼麻喇，寶實居章甲，環赫圖阿拉而城，近者五里，遠者二十里，互相。 寶實子阿哈納渥濟格與董鄂部長克轍巴顏有隙，屢來侵。 索長阿子吳泰，哈達萬汗婿也，乞援於哈達，攻董鄂部，取數寨，董鄂部兵乃不復至。 「甯古塔」亦自此稍弱。 及太祖兵起，德世庫、劉闡、索長阿、寶實等子孫惎其英武，屢欲加害； 其後益強大，謀始戢。 索長阿、寶實子孫皆從攻戰，包朗阿雲孫拜山尤有功，自有傳。 帝業既成，景祖諸兄弟追封皆未及。
Li Dun, Prince of Military Merit, was the eldest son of Emperor Jingzu. From the Founding Ancestor the line becomes detailed, though deeds are still incomplete; four generations later came Emperor Xingzu. Emperor Xingzu had six sons: the eldest, Deshiku; the second, Liuchan; the third, Suochang'a; the fourth, Emperor Jingzu; the fifth, Baolang'a; the sixth, Baoshi, known as the "Ningguta Beile." Emperor Jingzu took over the Founding Ancestor's patrimony and resided at Hetu Ala. Deshiku lived at Jue'ercha, Liuchan at Ahaheluo, Suochang'a at Heluogashan, Baolang'a at Nimara, and Baoshi at Zhangjia. They built settlements around Hetu Ala, the nearest five li distant and the farthest twenty, lending one another mutual support. Baoshi's son Ahanawojige quarreled with Kezhebayan, chief of the Donggo tribe, who raided them again and again. Suochang'a's son Wutai, who had married a daughter of Wan Khan of Hada, sought Hada's help, attacked the Donggo, captured several forts, and Donggo forces ceased to appear. The "Ningguta" line likewise grew somewhat weaker from this point. When Taizu raised his armies, the descendants of Deshiku, Liuchan, Suochang'a, Baoshi, and the rest envied his martial brilliance and more than once sought his life; but as he grew ever stronger their schemes at last subsided. Descendants of Suochang'a and Baoshi followed him in battle; Baolang'a's great-grandson Baishan distinguished himself especially and has a separate biography. Once the imperial enterprise was secured, Emperor Jingzu's brothers received no posthumous enfeoffments.
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禮敦生而英勇，景祖討平碩色納、奈呼二部，禮敦功最，號曰「巴圖魯」。 太祖兵起，禮敦卒久矣。 太祖既定東京，葬景祖、顯祖于楊魯山，以禮敦陪葬。 崇德四年八月，進封武功郡王，配享太廟。 子貝和齊，太祖伐明，攻廣寧，留守遼陽。
Li Dun was valiant from youth. When Emperor Jingzu subdued the Shuosena and Naihu tribes, Li Dun's service stood foremost and he was hailed as "Baturu." By the time Taizu took up arms, Li Dun had been dead for many years. After Taizu secured the Eastern Capital he interred Emperors Jingzu and Xianzu at Yanglu Mountain and had Li Dun buried beside them. In the eighth month of Chongde 4 he was posthumously raised to Prince of Military Merit and granted joint sacrifice in the Imperial Ancestral Temple. His son Beiheqi, when Taizu campaigned against the Ming and attacked Guangning, stayed behind to guard Liaoyang.
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孫色勒，事太祖，授牛錄額真。 事太宗，自十六大臣進八大臣，授正藍旗固山額真。 從太宗圍大淩河，軍城南，屢擊敗明兵。 又從太宗略宣府、大同，與貝勒德格類入獨石口，敗明兵于長安嶺，攻赤城，克其郛。 尋坐事，降鑲黃旗梅勒額真。 崇德初，從伐朝鮮，朝鮮國王李倧遣妻子入江華島，走保南漢山城。 豫親王多鐸圍之急，朝鮮將赴援，色勒與甲喇額真阿爾津擊敗之。 分兵攻江華島，色勒率右翼兵渡海，越敵艦，近躍登島，破其守兵，得倧妻子。 倧既降，論功，授牛錄章京世職，兼吏部右參政。 順治元年，擢內大臣。 錄禮敦諸孫席賚、阿濟賚、阿賚等，並授拜他喇布勒哈番。 色勒進一等阿思哈尼哈番，再進二等精奇尼哈番，擢領侍衛內大臣。 卒，諡勤悫。 阿賚子吉哈禮，自有傳。
His grandson Sele served Taizu and was appointed niru ejen. Under Taizong he advanced from among the Sixteen Ministers to the Eight Ministers and was made gushan ejen of the Plain Blue Banner. He followed Taizong in the siege of Dalinghe, encamped south of the city, and repeatedly routed Ming forces. He again followed Taizong in raids on Xuanfu and Datong, and with Prince Degui entered Dushikou, defeated Ming troops at Chang'an Ridge, attacked Chicheng, and took its outer suburbs. Soon after, for an offense he was demoted to meiren ejen of the Bordered Yellow Banner. Early in Chongde he joined the Korean campaign. King Li Jong sent his wife and children to Jianghua Island and held out in Namhansanseong. Prince Dorgon pressed the siege hard; when Korean relief forces approached, Sele and jalan ejen Arjin defeated them. Troops were split to attack Jianghua Island; Sele led the right wing across the sea, sprang over enemy vessels, boarded the island at close quarters, routed the garrison, and seized Jong's family. After Jong submitted, Sele was rewarded with the hereditary office of niru janggin and concurrently appointed right vice-president of the Board of Personnel. In Shunzhi 1 he was promoted to inner minister. Li Dun's grandsons Xisai, Ajisai, Asai, and others were all granted the rank of baitalaburu hafan. Sele rose to first-class ashan i hafan, then to second-class jingkini hafan, and was promoted to leading palace guard inner minister. He died and received the posthumous title Qinque. Asai's son Jihali has a separate biography.
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慧哲郡王額爾袞，景祖第二子。 順治十年，追封諡，配享太廟。
Ergun, Prince of Sagacious Wisdom, was Emperor Jingzu's second son. In Shunzhi 10 he received posthumous enfeoffment and joint sacrifice in the Imperial Ancestral Temple.
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宣獻郡王齋堪，景祖第三子。 當族人與太祖構難，齋堪與額爾袞皆不與。 順治十年，追封諡，配享太廟。
Zhaikan, Prince of Exalted Offering, was Emperor Jingzu's third son. When clansmen feuded with Taizu, Zhaikan and Ergun stood apart. In Shunzhi 10 he too received posthumous enfeoffment and joint sacrifice in the Imperial Ancestral Temple.
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恪恭貝勒塔察篇古，景祖第五子。 順治間，追封諡。 ，詔德世庫等子孫以「覺羅」為氏，系紅帶。 ，詔國史館：「禮敦等傳列諸臣之首，以別于宗室諸王。」
Tachapiangu, Prince of Reverent Respect, was Emperor Jingzu's fifth son. During Shunzhi he received posthumous enfeoffment and a posthumous title. An edict directed that the descendants of Deshiku and the rest take "Gioro" as their surname and wear the red sash. Another edict instructed the Historiographical Bureau: "Place the biographies of Li Dun and his line ahead of all other ministers, to distinguish them from princes of the imperial clan."
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顯祖五子：宣皇后生太祖、莊親王舒爾哈齊、通達郡王雅爾哈齊； 繼妃納喇氏生篤義剛果貝勒巴雅喇； 庶妃李佳氏生誠毅勇壯貝勒莫爾哈齊。
Emperor Xianzu had five sons: by Empress Xuan he fathered Taizu, Prince of Zhuang Shu'erhachi, and Prince of Tongda Ya'erhaqi; by the secondary consort of the Nara clan, Bayala, Prince of Sincere Righteousness and Bold Achievement; by the concubine of the Li clan, Mo'erhaqi, Prince of Sincere Resolve, Brave Strength, and Martial Valor.
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誠毅勇壯貝勒莫爾哈齊，顯祖第二子。 驍勇善戰，每先登陷陣。 歲乙酉，從太祖伐哲陳部，值大水，遣還，留八十人：被棉甲者五十，被鐵甲者三十，行略地。 加哈人蘇枯賴虎密以告，於是托漠河、章甲、把爾達、撒爾湖、界凡五城合兵禦我。 後哨章京能古德馳告，上出他道，弗遇。 上深入，遙望見敵兵八百餘，陣渾河至於南山。 包朗阿孫劄親桑古裏懼敵，解其甲授人，上呵之。 莫爾哈齊及左右顏布祿、兀浚噶從上馳近敵陣，下馬奮擊，射殺二十餘人，敵渡渾河走。 莫爾哈齊復從上躡敵後，至吉林崖，遙見敵兵十五自旁徑來。 上去胄上纓，隱而待，射其前至者，貫脊殪。 莫爾哈齊復射殪其一，餘皆墜崖死。 上曰：「今日以四人敗八百人，天助我也！」 莫爾哈齊屢從征伐，賜號青巴圖魯，譯言「誠毅」。 天命五年九月，卒，年六十。 上臨祭其墓。 順治十年，追封諡。
Mo'erhaqi, Prince of Sincere Resolve, Brave Strength, and Martial Valor, was Emperor Xianzu's second son. Fierce and skilled in war, he was always first to scale walls and smash enemy formations. In the yiyou year he followed Taizu against the Zhecheng tribe. Heavy floods forced his recall, but eighty men remained—fifty in cotton armor and thirty in iron—to carry out a reconnaissance. Suku laihum of the Jiaha people secretly warned them, whereupon the five towns of Tuomohe, Zhangjia, Ba'erda, Sa'erhu, and Jiefan united their troops to oppose the Qing force. Rear-guard janggin Nenggude galloped back with word; the ruler took another path and avoided contact. Taizu pressed deeper in and from a distance saw more than eight hundred enemy soldiers drawn up from the Hun River to the southern hills. Zhaqin Sanguli, grandson of Baolang'a, feared the foe, stripped off his armor and gave it away; the ruler sharply rebuked him. Mo'erhaqi with Yanbulu and Wujingga at his side charged with the ruler to the enemy front, dismounted, and fought fiercely, shooting down more than twenty men before the foe fled across the Hun River. Mo'erhaqi again followed in pursuit to Jilin Cliff, where fifteen enemy soldiers were seen approaching along a side path. The ruler doffed his helmet plume, hid, and waited; he shot the foremost man clean through the spine and killed him. Mo'erhaqi shot another dead; the rest plunged from the cliff and perished. The ruler said, "Today four men routed eight hundred—Heaven has aided us!" Mo'erhaqi campaigned repeatedly and was granted the title Qing Baturu, meaning "sincere resolve." In the ninth month of Tianming 5 he died at the age of sixty. The ruler went in person to offer sacrifice at his tomb. In Shunzhi 10 he received posthumous enfeoffment and a posthumous title.
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子十一，有爵者六：達爾察、務達海、漢岱、塔海、祜世塔、喇世塔。 達爾察、塔海、祜世塔、喇世塔皆封輔國公，達爾察諡剛毅，喇世塔諡恪僖。
He had eleven sons; six held noble titles: Da'ercha, Wudahai, Handai, Tahai, Hushita, and Lashita. Da'ercha, Tahai, Hushita, and Lashita were all made dukes of the state; Da'ercha received the posthumous title Gangyi and Lashita Gexi.
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襄敏貝子務達海，莫爾哈齊第四子。 事太宗，授牛錄章京。 崇德元年，從睿親王多爾袞伐明，攻沙河、南和及臨洺關、魏縣並有功。 三年，授刑部左參政。 從貝勒嶽讬敗明兵開平，復偕固山額真何洛會等敗明兵沙河、三河，又敗之渾河岸，至趙州。 復攻山東，克臨清、安丘、臨淄。 還次密雲，俘四千餘。 五年，授鑲白旗滿洲梅勒額真。 從攻錦州，夜略杏山、塔山。 七年，擢刑部承政。 從伐明，分軍略登州，未至先歸，坐奪俘獲入官。 順治元年，從定京師，逐李自成至延安，城兵夜出，擊破之。 復從豫親王多鐸徇江南。 三年，又從討蘇尼特騰機思，敗土謝圖汗、碩雷汗援兵。 五年，偕固山額真阿賴等戍漢中。 累進爵，自三等輔國將軍至貝子。 六年，偕鎮國公屯齊哈、輔國公巴布泰代英親王阿濟格討叛將薑瓖。 八年，攝都察院事。 十一年，從鄭親王世子濟度討鄭成功，中道疾作，召還。 十二年，卒，諡襄敏。
Wudahai, Prince of Xiang and Keen Sensitivity, was Mo'erhaqi's fourth son. He served Taizong and was appointed niru janggin. In Chongde 1 he followed Prince Dorgon against the Ming, attacking Shahe, Nanhe, Linming Pass, and Weixian, distinguishing himself in each. In the third year he was made left vice-president of the Board of Punishments. He followed Prince Yuetuo in defeating Ming forces at Kaiping, and with gushan ejen Hohor and others routed Ming troops at Shahe and Sanhe, beat them again on the Hun River, and pushed on to Zhaozhou. He campaigned again in Shandong, taking Linqing, Anqiu, and Linzi. On the return march he halted at Miyun and took more than four thousand prisoners. In the fifth year he was appointed Manchu meiren ejen of the Bordered White Banner. He joined the assault on Jinzhou and by night raided Xingshan and Tashan. In the seventh year he was promoted to president of the Board of Punishments. He joined the Ming campaign and sent a detachment against Dengzhou, but turned back before it arrived; his spoils were seized for the treasury as punishment. In Shunzhi 1 he helped secure Beijing, pursued Li Zicheng to Yan'an, and routed a night sortie from the city garrison. He again followed Prince Dorgon in the conquest of Jiangnan. In the third year he campaigned again against Tengjisi of the Sunite and defeated the relief armies of Tuxie Khan and Shuolei Khan. In the fifth year he garrisoned Hanzhong alongside gushan ejen Alai and others. His rank rose step by step from third-class assistant prince of the state to beizi. In the sixth year he and Princes Tunqiha and Babutai took over from Prince of Ying Ajige to suppress the rebel Jiang Xiang. In the eighth year he served as acting head of the Censorate. In the eleventh year he joined Prince of Zheng's heir Jidu against Zheng Chenggong, but fell ill en route and was recalled. He died in the twelfth year and received the posthumous title Xiangmin.
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務達海子托克托慧，封鎮國公。 托克托慧子揚福，事聖祖，官黑龍江將軍久，聖祖屢稱之，命襲不入八分鎮國公。 卒，諡襄毅。 揚福子三官保，聖祖褒其孝，即命繼揚福署黑龍江將軍，襲爵。
Wudahai's son Toktohui was enfeoffed as a prince of the state. Toktohui's son Yangfu served Kangxi as general of Heilongjiang for many years, won repeated praise, and was ordered to inherit the rank of prince of the state outside the Eight Privileges. He died and received the posthumous title Xiangyi. Yangfu's son Sanguanbao won Kangxi's praise for filial devotion and was at once ordered to succeed his father as acting general of Heilongjiang and to inherit the title.
17
漢岱，莫爾哈齊第五子。 事太宗，與務達海同授牛錄章京。 崇德六年，從上圍松山，擊破明總兵吳三桂、王樸。 七年，從貝勒阿巴泰伐明，攻薊州、河間、景州，進克兗州，即軍前授兵部承政。 順治元年，從入關擊李自成，又從多鐸西征，破自成潼關。 二年，與梅勒額真伊爾德率兵自南陽趨歸德，克州一、縣四； 渡淮克揚州。 賜金二十五兩、銀千三百兩。 三年，授鑲白旗滿洲固山額真，與貝勒博洛徇杭州，進攻台州，擊明魯王以海。 分兵略福建，攻分水關，破明唐王將師福，入崇安，斬所置巡撫楊文英等，下興化、漳州、泉州。 五年，從貝子屯齊將兵討陝西亂回。 亂定，與英親王阿濟格合軍討叛將薑瓖。 六年，從巽親王滿達海克朔州、甯武。 移師攻遼州，下長留、襄垣、榆社、武鄉諸縣。 七年，授吏部尚書、正藍旗滿洲固山額真。 八年，調刑部。 累進爵，自一等奉國將軍至鎮國公。 九年，復調吏部。 從定遠大將軍尼堪下湖南，尼堪戰沒，坐奪爵。 十二年，復授吏部尚書，加太子太保，授鎮國將軍品級。 十三年四月，坐依阿蒙蔽，奪官爵。 卒。
Handai was Mo'erhaqi's fifth son. Under Taizong he and Wudahai were both appointed niru janggin. In Chongde 6 he joined the siege of Songshan and defeated Ming generals Wu Sangui and Wang Pu. In the seventh year he followed Prince Abatai against the Ming, took Jizhou, Hejian, and Jingzhou, captured Yanzhou, and was appointed president of the Board of War in the field. In Shunzhi 1 he entered the passes against Li Zicheng and again followed Dorgon west, defeating Zicheng at Tong Pass. In the second year he and meiren ejen E'erd marched from Nanyang toward Guide and took one prefecture and four counties; then crossed the Huai and captured Yangzhou. He received twenty-five taels of gold and 1,300 taels of silver as reward. In the third year he became Manchu gushan ejen of the Bordered White Banner and with Prince Boluo took Hangzhou, pushed on to Taizhou, and fought the Ming Prince of Lu Zhu Yihai. A detachment overran Fujian, stormed Fenshui Pass, defeated the Ming Prince of Tang's general Shi Fu, entered Chong'an, executed Grand Coordinator Yang Wenying and others, and seized Xinghua, Zhangzhou, and Quanzhou. In the fifth year he followed Prince Tunqi to suppress Muslim rebels in Shaanxi. After order was restored he joined Prince of Ying Ajige against the rebel Jiang Xiang. In the sixth year he followed Prince of Xun Mandahai in taking Shuozhou and Ningwu. He then turned on Liaozhou and captured Changliu, Xiangyuan, Yuzhe, and Wuxiang. In the seventh year he became Minister of Personnel and Manchu gushan ejen of the Plain Blue Banner. In the eighth year he was moved to the Board of Punishments. His rank rose from first-class bannerman of the state to prince of the state. In the ninth year he returned to the Board of Personnel. He followed Far Pacification General Nikan into Hunan; when Nikan was killed in battle Handai lost his title for shared responsibility. In the twelfth year he was reappointed Minister of Personnel, made Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent, and granted the rank of general of the state. In the fourth month of the thirteenth year he lost office and title for currying favor and covering up wrongdoing. He died.
18
漢岱子海蘭、席布錫倫、嵩布圖，均封輔國公。 海蘭諡悫厚，席布錫倫諡悼敏，嵩布圖諡懷思。
Handai's sons Hailan, Xibuxilun, and Songbutu were all made dukes of the state. Hailan received the posthumous title Quehou, Xibuxilun Daomin, and Songbutu Huaisi.
19
莊親王舒爾哈齊，顯祖第三子。 初為貝勒。 蜚悠城長策穆特黑苦烏喇之虐，原來附。 太祖令舒爾哈齊及貝勒褚英、代善，諸將費英東、揚古利、常書，侍衛扈爾漢、納齊布，將三千人往迎之。 夜陰晦，軍行，纛有光，舒爾哈齊曰：「吾從上行兵屢矣，未見此異，其非吉兆耶？」 欲還兵，褚英、代善不可。 至蜚悠，盡收環城屯寨五百戶而歸。 烏喇貝勒布占泰發兵萬人邀于路，褚英、代善力戰破之。 舒爾哈齊以五百人止山下，常書、納齊布別將百人從焉。 褚英、代善既破敵，乃驅兵前進，繞山行，未能多斬獲。 師還，賜號達爾漢巴圖魯。 既，論常書、納齊布止山下不力戰罪，當死。 舒爾哈齊曰：「誅二臣與殺我同。」 上乃宥之，罰常書金百，奪納齊布所屬。 自是上不遣舒爾哈齊將兵。 舒爾哈齊居恆鬱鬱，語其第一子阿爾通阿、第三子扎薩克圖曰：「吾豈以衣食受覊於人哉？」 移居黑扯木。 上怒，誅其二子舒爾哈齊乃復還。 歲辛亥八月，薨。 順治十年，追封諡。 子九，有爵者五：阿敏、圖倫、寨桑武、濟爾哈朗、費揚武。
Shu'erhachi, Prince of Zhuang, was Emperor Xianzu's third son. He was first made a beile. Cemuhutai, chief of Feiyoucheng, lamented Ula's oppression and sought to submit. Taizu sent Shu'erhachi with Prince Chuying, Prince Daishan, generals Fiyanggū, Yangguli, and Changshu, and guards Hurhan and Naqibu—three thousand men in all—to receive them. Marching by night they saw light on the banners. Shu'erhachi said, "I have campaigned with the ruler many times and never seen such a portent—can it be auspicious?" He wanted to withdraw, but Chuying and Daishan refused. At Feiyou they collected five hundred households from the surrounding stockades and returned. Ula beile Bujantai sent ten thousand men to ambush them; Chuying and Daishan fought hard and routed them. Shu'erhachi held five hundred men at the mountain foot with Changshu and Naqibu commanding another hundred. After Chuying and Daishan broke the enemy they pressed around the mountain and took few heads. On the army's return he received the title Dalhan Baturu. Then Changshu and Naqibu were judged for holding the foothills without fighting hard—capital crimes. Shu'erhachi said, "Executing these two men is the same as killing me." The ruler spared them, fining Changshu one hundred taels of gold and confiscating Naqibu's followers. After that Taizu never again sent Shu'erhachi to command armies. Shu'erhachi grew despondent and told his eldest son Altong'a and third son Zasaktu, "Must I be tethered by food and clothing and live at another's whim?" He moved his residence to Heichemu. In anger the ruler executed two of his sons; only then did Shu'erhachi come back. He died in the eighth month of the xinhai year. In Shunzhi 10 he received posthumous enfeoffment and a posthumous title. He had nine sons; five held noble titles: Amin, Tulun, Zaisangwu, Jirhalang, and Feiyangwu.
20
阿敏，舒爾哈齊第二子。 歲戊申，偕褚英伐烏喇，克宜罕山城，俘其衆以歸。 歲癸丑，上伐烏喇，布占泰以三萬人拒，諸將欲戰，上止之。 阿敏曰：「布占泰已出，舍而不戰，將奈何？」 上乃決戰，遂破烏喇。 天命元年，與代善、莽古爾泰及太宗並授和碩貝勒，號「四大貝勒」，執國政。 阿敏以序稱二貝勒。 四年，明經略楊鎬大舉來侵，阿敏從上擊破明兵薩爾滸山。 復禦明總兵劉綎于棟鄂路，代善等繼之，陣斬綎。 還擊明將喬一琦，一琦奔固拉庫崖，與朝鮮將薑弘烈合軍。 阿敏攻之，弘烈降。 一琦自經死。 尋從上破葉赫。 六人，從上取瀋陽、遼陽。 鎮江城將陳良策叛附明將毛文龍，阿敏遷其民於內地。 文龍屯兵朝鮮境，阿敏夜渡鎮江，擊殺其守將，文龍敗走。 十一年，伐喀爾喀巴林部，取所屬屯寨。 伐紮嚕特部，俘其衆。
Amin was Shu'erhachi's second son. In the wushen year he and Chuying attacked Ula, took Yihan Mountain City, and returned with prisoners. In the guichou year Taizu attacked Ula; Bujantai met him with thirty thousand men. The generals wanted battle; Taizu restrained them. Amin said, "Bujantai is already out—if we refuse battle now, what then?" Taizu then gave battle and destroyed Ula. In Tianming 1 he, Daishan, Manggu'ertai, and the future Taizong were all made princes of the state—the "Four Great Princes"—and shared government. By seniority Amin was styled Second Prince. In the fourth year Ming Grand Secretary Yang Hao invaded in strength; Amin followed Taizu in defeating Ming forces at Mount Sarhu. He met Ming commander Liu Ting on the Dong'e road; Daishan and others pressed the attack and Liu Ting was killed in the field. Turning back he struck Ming general Qiao Yiqi, who fled to Gulakuyai Cliff and joined the Korean general Jiang Honglie. Amin attacked them and Honglie submitted. Yiqi hanged himself. Soon after he followed Taizu in the destruction of Yehe. In the sixth year he followed Taizu in capturing Shenyang and Liaoyang. Zhenjiang garrison commander Chen Liangce defected to Ming general Mao Wenlong; Amin relocated the populace inland. Wenlong encamped on the Korean frontier; Amin crossed Zhenjiang by night, killed the garrison commander, and Wenlong fled. In the eleventh year he raided the Barin tribe of Khalkha and seized their dependent stockades. He attacked the Jarut tribe and took captives.
21
天聰元年，太宗命偕貝勒嶽讬等伐朝鮮，瀕行，上命並討文龍。 師拔義州，分兵攻鐵山，文龍所屯地也，文龍敗走。 進克定州，渡嘉山江，克安州、平壤。 復進次中和，朝鮮國王李倧使迎師。 阿敏與諸貝勒答書數其罪有七，力拒之。 師復進次黃州，倧復遣使來。 阿敏欲遂破其都城，諸貝勒謂宜待其大臣至，蒞盟許平。 總兵李永芳進曰：「我等奉上命仗義而行，前已遺書言遣大臣蒞盟即班師，背之不義。」 阿敏怒，叱之退，師復進次平山，倧走江華島，遣其臣進昌君至軍，阿敏令吹角督進兵。 岳讬乃與濟爾哈朗駐平山，遣副將劉興祚入江華島責倧。 倧遣族弟原昌君覺等詣軍，為設宴。 宴畢，嶽讬議還師，阿敏曰：「吾恆慕明帝及朝鮮王城郭宮殿，今既至此，何遽歸耶？ 我意當留兵屯耕，杜度與我叔侄同居于此。」 杜度變色曰：「上乃我叔，我何肯遠離，何為與爾同居？」 濟爾哈朗亦力阻，諸貝勒乃定議許倧盟。 阿敏縱兵掠三日，乃還。 上迎勞于武靖營，賜禦衣一襲。 復從上伐明，圍錦州，攻寧遠，斬明步卒千餘。
In Tiancong 1 Taizong sent him with Prince Yuetuo and others against Korea and ordered them also to destroy Wenlong. The army took Uiju and detached forces against Tieshan, Wenlong's base; Wenlong fled. They advanced to Dingzhou, crossed the Jiashan River, and took Anzhou and Pyongyang. They pressed on to Zhonghe; King Li Jong sent envoys to welcome the army. Amin and the princes answered with a letter listing seven crimes and firmly refused. The army advanced to Huangzhou and Jong sent envoys again. Amin wanted to storm the capital immediately; the other princes urged waiting for Korean ministers to come swear peace. Commander Li Yongfang said, "We march under the ruler's righteous mandate and have promised withdrawal once ministers swear the covenant—to break that promise is unrighteous." Amin angrily dismissed him and marched to Pingshan. Jong fled to Jianghua Island and sent the Lord of Jinchang; Amin ordered trumpets sounded to urge the advance. Yuetuo and Jirhalang halted at Pingshan and sent Vice Commander Liu Xingzuo to Jianghua Island to rebuke Jong. Jong sent his kinsman the Lord of Yuanchang Jue and others; a banquet was held. After the feast Yuetuo urged withdrawal; Amin said, "I have long envied the Ming emperor's and the Korean king's walled palaces—now that we are here, why hurry away? I mean to leave troops to farm and settle; Dudu and I, uncle and nephew, will live here together." Dudu flushed and said, "The ruler is my uncle—why should I live apart from him? Why dwell with you?" Jirhalang also objected firmly; the princes then agreed to let Jong swear peace. Amin allowed three days of plunder and then withdrew. Taizu welcomed them at Wujing Camp, rewarded them, and granted a suit of imperial robes. He again followed Taizu against the Ming, besieged Jinzhou, attacked Ningyuan, and slew more than a thousand Ming foot soldiers.
22
四年，師克永平、灤州、遷安、遵化，上命阿敏偕貝勒碩讬將五千人駐守。 阿敏駐永平，分遣諸將分守三城，諭降榛子鎮。 明經略孫承宗督兵攻灤州，阿敏遣數百人赴援，收遷安守兵入永平。 明兵攻灤州急，灤州守將固山額真圖爾格等不能支，棄城奔永平，明兵截擊，師死者四百餘。 阿敏令遵化守將固山額真察哈喇等亦棄其城，遂盡殺明將吏降者，屠城民，收其金帛，夜出冷口東還。
In the fourth year the army took Yongping, Luanchuan, Qian'an, and Zunhua; Taizu ordered Amin and Prince Shuotuo to garrison with five thousand men. Amin held Yongping, posted generals to the other three cities, and induced Zhenzi Town to surrender. Ming Grand Secretary Sun Chengzong attacked Luanchuan; Amin sent several hundred reinforcements and pulled the Qian'an garrison into Yongping. Ming pressure on Luanchuan grew unbearable; gushan ejen Turg and the garrison fled to Yongping; Ming troops cut them down and more than four hundred soldiers perished. Amin ordered Zunhua's gushan ejen Chahala and others to abandon their city as well; he then slaughtered surrendered Ming officers and soldiers, massacred the townspeople, seized gold and silk, and fled east by night through Lengkou.
23
上方遣貝勒杜度赴援，聞阿敏等棄四城而歸，上御殿，集諸貝勒大臣宣諭，罪阿敏等。 阿敏等至，令屯距城十五里，復宣諭詰責。 上念士卒陷敵，感傷墮淚。 越三日，召諸貝勒大臣集闕下，上御殿，令貝勒岳讬宣於衆曰：「阿敏怙惡久矣。 當太祖時，嗾其父欲移居黑扯木，太祖坐其父子罪，既而宥之。 其父既終，太祖愛養阿敏如己出，授為和碩貝勒。 及上嗣位，禮待如初。 師征朝鮮，既定盟受質，不原班師，欲與杜度居王京，濟爾哈朗力諫乃止。 此阿敏有異志之見端也。 俘美婦進上，既，復自求之。 上察其觖望，曰：『奈何以一婦人乖兄弟之好？』 以賜總兵冷格裏。 伐察哈爾，土謝圖額駙背約與通好，上怒，絕之。 阿敏遺以甲胄鞍轡，且以上語盡告之。 諸貝勒子女婚嫁必聞上，阿敏私以女嫁蒙古貝勒塞特爾，及宴，上不往，常懷怨憤。 太祖時，守邊駐防，原有定界，乃越界移駐黑扯木。 上責以擅棄汛地，將有異志，阿敏不能答。 上出征，令阿敏留守，惟耽逸樂，屢出行獵。 嶽讬、豪格出師先還，坐受其拜，儼如國君。 及代守永平，妄曰：『既克城，何故不殺其民？』 又明告衆兵曰：『我既來此，豈能令爾等不飽欲而歸？』 略榛子鎮，盡掠其財物，又驅降人分給八家為奴。 明兵圍灤州三晝夜，擁兵不親援，屠永平、遷安官民，悉載財帛牲畜以歸。 毀壞基業，故令我軍傷殘。」 命議其罪。 僉曰：「當誅。」 命幽之。 留莊六所、園二所、奴僕二十、羊五百、牛二十，餘財產悉畀濟爾哈朗。 崇德五年十一月，卒於幽所。
Taizu sent Prince Dudu to relieve the garrisons; when he learned that Amin and the others had abandoned the four cities and withdrawn, he took the throne, assembled princes and ministers, proclaimed their guilt, and arraigned Amin and his associates. When Amin's party arrived he made them camp fifteen li from the city and again publicly rebuked them. Mourning soldiers lost to the enemy, the ruler wept. Three days later he gathered princes and ministers at the palace gate and had Prince Yuetuo announce to all: "Amin's wickedness goes back many years. Under Taizu he urged his father to relocate to Heichemu; Taizu punished father and son, then pardoned them. After his father's death Taizu reared Amin like his own son and made him a prince of the state. When Taizong came to the throne he treated Amin with the same honor as before. On the Korean campaign, after peace and hostages, he refused to withdraw and wanted to settle with Dudu in the royal capital; only Jirhalang's firm opposition stopped him. This was the first clear sign of Amin's disloyal intent. He offered a beautiful captive to the ruler, then demanded her back. Seeing his resentment, the ruler said, "How can one woman come between brothers?" He gave her to Commander Lenggeli. On campaign against Chakhar, son-in-law Tuxie broke treaty and made overtures; the ruler angrily cut ties. Amin sent him armor and horse gear and repeated to him everything the ruler had said. Princes had to report children's marriages to the throne; Amin privately married his daughter to Mongol beile Setter, and when the ruler skipped the feast he nursed resentment. Under Taizu frontier posts had fixed boundaries; he crossed them and moved his garrison to Heichemu. The ruler accused him of willfully abandoning the defense line and disloyal designs; Amin had no reply. When the ruler marched out he left Amin in charge; Amin idled in pleasure and hunted repeatedly. When Yuetuo and Hooge returned early from campaign he accepted their bows as though he were sovereign. As Yongping garrison commander he said rashly, "We have taken the city—why spare its people?" He told the soldiers openly, "Now that I am here, how can I send you home empty-handed?" He plundered Zhenzi Town, seized its wealth, and distributed surrendered people as slaves among the Eight Banners. Ming forces besieged Luanchuan for three days and nights while he held back from personal relief, massacred Yongping and Qian'an, and returned laden with goods and livestock. He wrecked what we had built and brought casualties on our army." He ordered his crimes debated. All said, "He deserves death." He ordered him imprisoned. He allowed six estates, two gardens, twenty slaves, five hundred sheep, and twenty cattle; the rest went to Jirhalang. In the eleventh month of Chongde 5 he died in confinement.
24
阿敏子六，有爵者五：愛爾禮、固爾瑪琿、恭阿、果盖、果賴。 愛爾禮、果盖、果賴皆封鎮國公，愛爾禮坐罪死，果盖諡端純。
Amin had six sons; five held titles: Aierli, Gu'ermahui, Gong'a, Guogai, and Guolai. Aierli, Guogai, and Guolai became princes of the state; Aierli was executed for crime, and Guogai received the posthumous title Duanchun.
25
溫簡貝子固爾瑪琿，崇德間，從多爾袞伐明，自京師入山西境，復東至濟南，克城四十餘，封輔國公。 阿敏得罪，奪爵，削宗籍。 順治五年，復封輔國公。 上以其貧乏，賜白金三千。 從濟爾哈朗徇湖廣，破何騰蛟。 師復進攻永興，奪門入，敗明兵，進貝子。 康熙二十年，卒，諡溫簡。
Gu'ermahui, Prince of Warm Simplicity, followed Dorgon against the Ming in Chongde, entered Shanxi from Beijing, turned east to Jinan, and took more than forty cities, earning the rank of duke of the state. When Amin fell, his title was stripped and he was struck from the clan register. In Shunzhi 5 he was re-enfeoffed as duke of the state. Finding him impoverished, the court granted three thousand taels of silver. He followed Jirhalang in pacifying Huguang and defeated He Tengjiao. Advancing on Yongxing he stormed the gates, routed Ming forces, and was raised to beizi. He died in Kangxi 20 and received the posthumous title Wenjian.
26
鎮國襄敏公瓦三，固爾瑪琿子。 事聖祖，初封輔國將軍。 從嶽讬定湖廣，襲輔國公。 二十一年，授右宗人。 追論攻長沙退縮罪，奪官，仍留爵。 復授鑲藍旗滿州固山額真。 俄羅斯侵據雅克薩，上遣瓦三偕侍郎果丕，會黑龍江將軍薩布素按治。 尋命固山額真朋春等率師討之，以瓦三統轄黑龍江將士。 二十四年，卒，諡襄敏。 瓦三子齊克塔哈，襲輔國公。 事聖祖，征噶爾丹在行。 曆右宗人、都統、領侍衛大臣。 坐事，奪爵。 以固爾瑪琿孫鄂斐襲。 征噶爾丹亦在行。 卒，以子鄂齊襲。 事世宗，嘗奉使西藏，宣諭達賴喇嘛，進鎮國公。 授天津水師都統，坐不能約束所部，奪爵。 復起授都統，坐納賂，再奪爵。
Wasan, Prince of the State Xiangmin, was Gu'ermahui's son. Under Kangxi he was first made assistant prince of the state. He followed Yuetuo in pacifying Huguang and inherited the ducal title. In the twenty-first year he became right director of the Imperial Clan Court. Later he was judged for hesitating at Changsha, lost office, but kept his title. He was again made Manchu gushan ejen of the Bordered Blue Banner. When Russia seized Albazin, Kangxi sent Wasan with Vice President Guobi and General Sabusu of Heilongjiang to investigate. Soon gushan ejen Pengchun and others were sent to attack; Wasan commanded Heilongjiang troops. He died in the twenty-fourth year and received the posthumous title Xiangmin. Wasan's son Qiketaha inherited the ducal rank. Under Kangxi he campaigned against Galdan. He held posts as right clan director, commandant-in-chief, and leading palace guard minister. For an offense he lost his title. Gu'ermahui's grandson Efei inherited. He too campaigned against Galdan. He died and his son Eqi inherited. Under Yongzheng he served as envoy to Tibet to address the Dalai Lama and was raised to prince of the state. As commandant of the Tianjin navy he lost his title for failing to control his men. Reappointed commandant-in-chief, he lost his title again for taking bribes.
27
恭阿，亦以阿敏得罪，與固爾瑪琿同譴，尋同還宗籍。 順治五年，同徇湖廣，克六十餘城，封鎮國公。 六年，卒於軍。
Gong'a, implicated with Amin, was punished with Gu'ermahui and soon restored to the clan rolls. In Shunzhi 5 he too pacified Huguang, took more than sixty cities, and was made prince of the state. He died in the field in the sixth year.
28
鄭獻親王濟爾哈朗，舒爾哈齊第六子。 幼育于太祖。 封和碩貝勒。 天命十一年，伐喀爾喀巴林部、紮嚕特部，並有功。 天聰元年，伐朝鮮，朝鮮國王李倧既乞盟，阿敏仍欲攻其國都。 岳讬邀濟爾哈朗議，濟爾哈朗曰：「吾等不宜深入，當駐兵平山以待。」 卒定盟而還。 五月，從上伐明，圍錦州，偕莽古爾泰擊敗明兵。 復移師寧遠，與明總兵滿桂遇，裹創力戰，大敗其衆。 二年五月，偕豪格討蒙古固特塔布囊，戮之，收其衆歸。 三年八月，伐明錦州、寧遠，焚其積聚。 十月，上率師自洪山口入，濟爾哈朗偕嶽讬攻大安口，夜毀水門以進，擊明馬蘭營援兵。 及旦，明兵立二營山上，濟爾哈朗督兵追擊，五戰皆捷，降馬蘭營、馬蘭口、大安口三營。 引軍趨石門寨，殲明援兵，寨民出降。 會師遵化，薄明都，徇通州張家灣。 四年正月，從上圍永平，擊斬叛將劉興祚，獲其弟興賢。 既克永平，與貝勒薩哈璘駐守，察倉庫，閱士卒，置官吏，傳檄下灤州、遷安。 三月，阿敏代戍，乃引師還。
Jirhalang, Prince of Exalted Offering, was Shu'erhachi's sixth son. Taizu raised him from childhood. He was made a prince of the state. In Tianming 11 he campaigned against Khalkha's Barin and Jarut tribes with distinction. In Tiancong 1, on the Korean campaign, after King Li Jong sued for peace Amin still wanted to storm the capital. Yuetuo consulted Jirhalang, who said, "We should not advance deep but hold at Pingshan and wait." They finally made peace and withdrew. In the fifth month he followed the ruler against the Ming, besieged Jinzhou, and with Manggu'ertai routed Ming forces. At Ningyuan they met Ming commander Man Gui; though wounded, Jirhalang fought hard and crushed the foe. In the fifth month of the second year he and Hooge destroyed Mongol leader Gututabun and brought his people in. In the eighth month of the third year he raided Jinzhou and Ningyuan and burned their granaries. In the tenth month the ruler entered through Hongshan Pass; Jirhalang and Yuetuo took Daankou, broke the water gate by night, and hit Ming relief for Malanying. At dawn Ming forces held two hill camps; Jirhalang pursued, won five fights, and received the surrender of Malanying, Malankou, and Daankou. He marched on Shimen Stockade, destroyed Ming relief, and the garrison submitted. Rejoining the main force at Zunhua they pressed Beijing and overran Tongzhou and Zhangjiawan. In the first month of the fourth year he besieged Yongping, killed rebel Liu Xingzuo, and captured his brother Xingxian. After Yongping fell he and Prince Sahalian garrisoned it, inspected stores and troops, appointed officials, and issued summons to Luanchuan and Qian'an. In the third month Amin relieved him and he withdrew.
29
五年七月，初設六部，濟爾哈朗掌刑部事。 從上圍大淩河，濟爾哈朗督兵收近城台堡。 六年五月，從征察哈爾，還趨歸化城，收其衆千餘人。 七年三月，城岫岩。 五月，明將孔有德、耿仲明自登州來降，明總兵黃龍以水師邀之，朝鮮兵與會，濟爾哈朗與貝勒阿濟格等勒軍自鎮江迓有德等，明兵引去。
In the seventh month of the fifth year the Six Ministries were founded; Jirhalang headed Punishments. At the siege of Dalinghe he took nearby towers and stockades. In the fifth month of the sixth year he campaigned against Chakhar and on the return swept Guide City, gathering more than a thousand people. In the third month of the seventh year he fortified Xiuyan. In the fifth month Kong Youde and Geng Zhongming defected from Dengzhou; Huang Long and Korean allies tried to block them; Jirhalang and Prince Ajige met the defectors at Zhenjiang and Ming ships withdrew.
30
崇德元年四月，封和碩鄭親王。 三年五月，攻甯遠，薄中後所城，明兵不敢出。 移師克模龍關及五里堡屯台。 四年五月，略錦州、松山，九戰皆勝，俘其衆二千有奇。 五年三月，修義州城。 蒙古多羅特部蘇班岱、阿爾巴岱附於明，屯杏山五里台，請以三十戶來歸。 上命率師千五百人迎之，戒曰：「明兵見我寡，必來戰，可分軍為三隊以行。」 夜過錦州，至杏山，使潛告蘇班岱等攜輜重以行。 旦，明杏山總兵劉周智與錦州、松山守將合兵七千逼我師，濟爾哈朗縱師入敵陣，大敗之，賜禦厩良馬一。 九月，圍錦州，設伏城南，敵不進，追擊破之。 六年三月，復圍錦州，立八營，掘壕築塹，以困祖大壽。 大壽以蒙古兵守外郛，台吉諾木齊等遣人約獻東關，為大壽所覺，與之戰。 濟爾哈朗督兵薄城，蒙古兵縋以入，據其郛。 遷蒙古六千餘人於義州，降明將八十餘。 上御篤恭殿宣捷。 四月，敗明援兵。 五月，又敗之，斬級二千。 六月，師還。 九月，復圍錦州。 十二月，洪承疇自松山遣兵夜犯我軍，我軍循壕射之，敵敗去，不得入，盡降其衆。 七年，再圍錦州。 三月，大壽降，隳松山、塔山、杏山三城以歸，賜鞍馬一、蟒緞百。
In the fourth month of Chongde 1 he was made Prince of Exalted Offering. In the fifth month of the third year he attacked Ningyuan and pressed Zhonghou Fort while Ming troops stayed inside. He then took Molong Pass and the Wulibao tower stockade. In the fifth month of the fourth year he raided Jinzhou and Songshan, won nine fights, and took more than two thousand prisoners. In the third month of the fifth year he repaired Yizhou. Subanai and Arbatai of Mongolia's Dorot tribe, Ming allies at Xingshan Wulitai, offered to defect with thirty households. The ruler sent him with fifteen hundred men to receive them, warning that Ming forces would attack if they saw a small column and ordering the march in three divisions." By night they passed Jinzhou and reached Xingshan, secretly instructing Subanai's group to move with their baggage. At dawn Liu Zhouzhi of Xingshan with Jinzhou and Songshan commanders brought seven thousand men; Jirhalang charged the line, won a great victory, and received an imperial horse. In the ninth month he besieged Jinzhou, ambushed south of the city, and when the enemy hung back he pursued and routed them. In the third month of the sixth year he again besieged Jinzhou with eight camps, trenches, and ramparts to trap Zu Dashou. Dashou put Mongols on the outer wall; taiji Nomuci tried to open the east gate, was discovered, and fought. Jirhalang pressed the wall; Mongols were lowered in by rope and took the outer suburbs. More than six thousand Mongols were resettled at Yizhou and over eighty Ming officers surrendered. The ruler proclaimed victory at the Dugong Hall. In the fourth month he defeated Ming relief. In the fifth month he beat them again and took two thousand heads. In the sixth month, the army withdrew. In the ninth month, the forces once more laid siege to Jinzhou. In the twelfth month, Hong Chengchou dispatched troops from Songshan in a night attack on the Qing forces. The Qing army fired from behind their trenches, routed the enemy, and prevented them from breaking in; the entire force surrendered. In the seventh year, Jinzhou was besieged again. In the third month, Zu Dashou surrendered. Songshan, Tashan, and Xingshan were razed and restored to Qing control, and Dashou received one saddle horse and a hundred python-patterned silks.
31
八年，世祖即位，命與睿親王多爾袞同輔政。 九月，攻寧遠，拔中後所，並取中前所。 順治元年，王令政事先白睿親王，列銜亦先之。 五月，睿親王率師入山海關，定京師。 十月，封為信義輔政叔王，賜金千、銀萬、緞千疋。 四年二月，以府第逾制，罰銀二千，罷輔政。 五年三月，貝子屯齊、尚善、屯齊喀等訐王諸罪狀，言王當太宗初喪，不舉發大臣謀立肅親王豪格。 召王就質，議罪當死，遂興大獄。 勳臣額亦都、費英東、揚古利諸子侄皆連染，議罪當死，籍沒。 既，改從輕比，王坐降郡王，肅親王豪格遂以幽死。
In the eighth year, after the Shunzhi Emperor took the throne, Jirhalang was appointed to serve as co-regent alongside Prince Rui Dorgon. In the ninth month, the army attacked Ningyuan, seized Zhonghousuo, and took Zhongqiansuo as well. In Shunzhi 1, the prince was instructed to consult Prince Rui Dorgon before acting on policy and to list his own name ahead of Dorgon's on joint documents. In the fifth month, Prince Rui Dorgon marched through Shanhaiguan and established control over Beijing. In the tenth month, he was created Prince Uncle of Faithful Righteousness Assisting the Regency and rewarded with a thousand taels of gold, ten thousand taels of silver, and a thousand bolts of silk. In the second month of the fourth year, his mansion was found to violate building regulations; he was fined two thousand taels of silver and dismissed from the regency. In the third month of the fifth year, Beizi Tunqi, Shangshan, Tunqika, and others accused the prince of multiple offenses, charging that at Hong Taiji's death he had failed to reveal a senior ministers' scheme to enthrone Prince Su Hooge. Jirhalang was called in to face interrogation; the court judged him deserving of death and opened a major purge. The sons and nephews of the meritorious ministers Eidu, Feiyingdong, and Yangguli were drawn into the case as well; all were sentenced to death and their estates were confiscated. The punishments were later mitigated. Jirhalang was reduced to commandery-prince rank, and Prince Su Hooge was left to die in secret imprisonment.
32
閏四月，復親王爵。 九月，命為定遠大將軍，率師下湖廣。 十月，次山東，降將劉澤清以叛誅。 六年正月，次長沙，明總督何騰蛟，總兵馬進忠、陶養用等，合李自成餘部一隻虎等據湖南。 王分軍進擊，拔湘潭，擒騰蛟。 四月，次辰州，一隻虎遁走，克寶慶，破南山坡、大水、洪江諸路兵凡二十八營。 七月，下靖州，進攻衡州，斬養用。 逐敵至廣西全州，分軍下道州、黎平及烏撒土司，先後克六十餘城。 七年正月，師還，賜金二百、銀二萬。
In the intercalary fourth month, he was restored to princely rank. In the ninth month, he was named Grand General Defending the Distance and sent to lead an expedition into Huguang. In the tenth month, the army paused in Shandong, where the turncoat general Liu Zeqing was put to death for treason. In the first month of the sixth year, the army encamped at Changsha. Ming Governor-General He Tengjiao, generals Ma Jinzhong and Tao Yangyong, and Li Zicheng's surviving follower known as the One Tiger jointly held Hunan. Jirhalang split his forces and pressed the attack, took Xiangtan, and captured He Tengjiao. In the fourth month, the army stopped at Chenzhou. The One Tiger escaped, Baoding fell, and twenty-eight enemy camps along the Nanshanpo, Dashui, and Hongjiang routes were overrun. In the seventh month, Jingzhou was captured and Hengzhou besieged; Tao Yangyong was executed. Driving the enemy as far as Quanzhou in Guangxi, he detached columns to seize Daozhou, Liping, and the Wusa native domain, taking more than sixty towns in succession. In the first month of the seventh year, the army returned home, and he received two hundred taels of gold and twenty thousand taels of silver.
33
八年二月，偕巽親王滿達海、端重親王博洛、敬謹親王尼堪奏削故睿親王多爾袞爵，語詳睿親王傳。 三月，以王老，免朝賀、謝恩行禮。 九年二月，進封叔和碩鄭親王。 十二年二月，疏言：「太祖創業之初，日與四大貝勒、五大臣討論政事得失，咨訪士民疾苦，上下交孚，鮮有壅蔽，故能掃清清雄，肇興大業。 太宗纘承大統，亦時與諸王貝勒講論不輟，崇獎忠直，錄功棄過，凡詔令必求可以順民心、垂久遠者。 又慮武備廢弛，時出射獵，諸王貝勒置酒高宴，以優戲為樂。 太宗怒曰：『我國肇興，治弓矢，繕甲兵，視將士若赤子，故人爭效死，每戰必克。 常恐後世子孫棄淳厚之風，沿習漢俗，即於慆淫。 今若輩為此荒樂，欲國家隆盛，其可得乎？』 遣大臣索尼再三申諭。 今皇上詔大小臣工盡言，臣以為平治天下，莫要於信。 前者軫恤滿洲官民，聞者懽忭。 嗣役修乾清宮，詔令不信，何以使民？ 伏祈效法太祖、太宗，時與大臣詳究政事得失，必商榷盡善，然後布之詔令，庶幾法行民信，紹二聖之休烈。 抑有請者，垂謨昭德，莫先于史。 古聖明王，進君子，遠小人，措天下于太平，垂鴻名于萬世，繄史官是賴。 今宜設起居注官，置之左右，一言一行，傳之無窮，亦治道之助也。」 疏上，嘉納之。
In the second month of the eighth year, he joined Princes Mandahai, Boluo, and Nikan in a memorial calling for the posthumous stripping of Prince Rui Dorgon's titles; the full account appears in Dorgon's biography. In the third month, on account of his advanced age, the prince was excused from attending congratulatory and thanksgiving audiences. In the second month of the ninth year, he was promoted to Uncle Prince of the First Rank and Prince of Zheng. In the second month of the twelfth year, he submitted a memorial stating: "When Taizu first founded the dynasty, he daily debated policy with the Four Great Beile and Five Great Ministers, sought out the people's grievances, and kept court and country in close accord with few barriers to truth. That is how he cleared away his rivals and laid the foundations of the state. Taizong, inheriting the throne, also held constant counsel with the princes and beile, rewarded the loyal and outspoken, weighed merit above fault, and drafted every edict to win the people's trust and stand the test of time. Fearing that martial discipline might slacken, he still went hunting from time to time; meanwhile the princes and beile held lavish banquets and amused themselves with comic performances. Taizong angrily said: "When our dynasty first arose, we kept our bows strung, maintained our armor, and treated our troops like our own children. That is why men fought to the death for us and every battle ended in victory. I have always feared that our descendants would abandon our plain, hardy ways, adopt Han habits, and sink into indulgence. If you now waste yourselves in such pleasures, how can the realm ever prosper?" He dispatched the senior minister Sonin again and again to deliver the warning. Now that Your Majesty has invited officials at every level to speak openly, I believe that nothing matters more in governing the empire than credibility. When Your Majesty recently showed concern for Manchu officials and commoners, the announcement was met with widespread rejoicing. Yet when corvée was levied to repair the Qianqing Palace, the earlier pledge lost the people's trust. How can subjects be ruled when edicts are not believed? I beg Your Majesty to follow Taizu and Taizong's example: consult senior ministers often, refine policy in full deliberation, and only then promulgate edicts, so that law may be enforced, the people may believe, and the achievements of the two founding sages may be carried forward. I have one further request: to transmit exemplary rule and display virtue, nothing precedes the keeping of history. The sage kings of antiquity promoted the worthy, kept flatterers at bay, brought the realm to peace, and left their names for ten thousand generations—always with the historiographers as their support. Your Majesty should appoint diarists to attend at court, so that every word and deed may be preserved for posterity. That too would strengthen good government." The memorial was submitted and warmly approved.
34
五月，疾革，上臨問，奏：「臣受三朝厚恩，未及答，原以取雲貴，殄桂王，統一四海為念。」 上垂涕曰：「天奈何不令朕叔長年耶！」 言已，大慟。 命工圖其像。 翌日薨，年五十七。 輟朝七日。 賜銀萬，置守園十戶，立碑紀功。 康熙十年六月，追諡。 乾隆四十三年正月，詔配享太廟，復嗣王封號曰鄭。
In the fifth month, as his illness turned grave, the Emperor visited him in person. Jirhalang replied: "I have received boundless favor across three reigns and have not yet repaid it. My only wish is to see Yunnan and Guizhou taken, the Prince of Gui destroyed, and the four seas united under one rule." The Emperor wept and said: "Why will Heaven not grant my uncle a long life!" Having spoken, he was overcome with grief. The Emperor ordered artists to paint Jirhalang's portrait. He died the following day, at the age of fifty-seven. Court was suspended for seven days of mourning. Ten thousand taels of silver were granted, ten households were assigned to maintain his tomb park, and a stele was erected to commemorate his achievements. In the sixth month of Kangxi 10, a posthumous title was conferred upon him. In the first month of Qianlong 43, an edict granted him posthumous worship in the Imperial Ancestral Temple and restored the hereditary princely title of Prince of Zheng.
35
濟爾哈朗子十一，有爵者四：富爾敦、濟度、勒度、巴爾堪。
Jirhalang had eleven sons, of whom four held noble titles: Furdan, Jidu, Ledu, and Barkhan.
36
富爾敦，濟爾哈朗第一子，封世子。 順治八年，卒，諡悫厚。
Furdan, Jirhalang's eldest son, was created heir apparent. He died in Shunzhi 8 and was posthumously titled Sincere and Generous.
37
簡純親王濟度，濟爾哈朗第二子。 初封簡郡王。 富爾敦卒，封世子。 十一年十一月，命為定遠大將軍，率師討鄭成功。 十二年九月，次福州。 久之，進次泉州。 十三年六月，成功將黃梧、蘇明、鄭純自海澄來降，移軍次漳州。 俄，成功犯福州，遣梅勒額真阿克善等赴援，擊敗之，斬二百餘級。 復擊斬其將林祖蘭等，奪其舟十有四。 又分軍攻惠安、閩安、漳浦，獲舟數百，斬二千餘級。 十四年三月，師還，上遣大臣迎勞盧溝橋，始聞鄭獻親王之喪，令入就喪次，上臨其第慰諭之。 五月，襲爵，改號簡親王。 十七年，薨。
Jidu, Prince Jianchun, was Jirhalang's second son. He was first created Commandery Prince of Jian. After Furdan's death, he was made heir apparent. In the eleventh month of the eleventh year, he was named Grand General Defending the Distance and sent to lead an expedition against Zheng Chenggong. In the ninth month of the twelfth year, the army encamped at Fuzhou. After some time, he moved forward and encamped at Quanzhou. In the sixth month of the thirteenth year, Zheng Chenggong's generals Huang Wu, Su Ming, and Zheng Chun defected from Haicheng, and the army shifted camp to Zhangzhou. Soon afterward Zheng Chenggong attacked Fuzhou. Jidu sent Meile Ejen Akshan and others to reinforce the city, routed the enemy, and killed more than two hundred men. In a further engagement he killed the enemy general Lin Zulan and others and captured fourteen of their vessels. He also sent detachments against Huian, Min'an, and Zhangpu, seizing several hundred boats and killing more than two thousand men. In the third month of the fourteenth year, the army returned. The Emperor dispatched senior ministers to welcome him at Lugou Bridge, where Jidu first learned of Prince Jirhalang's death. He was ordered to enter the capital for the mourning rites, and the Emperor visited his residence in person to offer condolences. In the fifth month, he succeeded to the title and was redesignated Prince of Jian. He died in the seventeenth year.
38
濟度子五，喇布、德塞、雅布先後襲爵簡親王。
Jidu had five sons; Labu, Desai, and Yabu each inherited the title of Prince of Jian in turn.
39
喇布，濟度第二子。 濟度初薨，以第三子德塞襲。 康熙九年，薨，諡曰惠。 是年，喇布襲爵。 吳三桂反，十三年九月，命為揚威大將軍，率師駐江寧。 十四年九月，移師江西，鎮南昌，屢遣兵援東鄉，擊鄱陽，破金谿、萬年。 三桂將高得捷、韓大任陷吉安，詔趣進師。 喇布駐南昌，不出師攻吉安，屯螺子山，敵來攻，師敗績。 上遣侍郎班迪按敗狀，喇布乃督師圍吉安。 十六年三月，敵引走，喇布入吉安，疏稱大任等屯寧都請降，詔報可。 既而大任自寧都出擾萬安、泰和，喇布復請增兵。 上諭曰：「簡親王喇布自至江西，無尺寸之功，深居會城，虛糜廩餉。 迨赴吉安，以重兵圍城，而韓大任竄逸，竊踞寧都，復擾萬安、泰和，不能擊滅。 喇布所轄官兵為數不為少，乃一大任不能翦除，宜嚴加處分，俟事平日議罪。」 十七年正月，護軍統領哈克三等敗大任於老虎洞，毀其壘，斬六千級。 大任奔福建，詣康親王傑書軍降。 二月，移師湖南，駐茶陵。 八月，三桂死於衡州，詔令自安仁進師。 十八年正月，進復衡州。 二月，分軍復祁陽、耒陽、寶慶。 九月，進次廣西，駐桂林。 十九年正月，馬承廕以柳州叛。 五月，進攻柳州，承廕降。 八月，移駐南寧。 十月，詔選所部付大將軍賚塔進攻雲南。 二十年八月，召還京師。 十月，薨。 二十一年，追論吉安失機罪，奪爵。
Labu was Jidu's second son. When Jidu first died, his third son Desai succeeded to the title. Desai died in Kangxi 9 and was posthumously titled Hui. That same year, Labu succeeded to the title. After Wu Sangui rebelled, Labu was appointed Grand General Displaying Might in the ninth month of the thirteenth year and stationed his army at Jiangning. In the ninth month of the fourteenth year, he transferred his forces to Jiangxi, garrisoned Nanchang, repeatedly sent troops to relieve Dongxiang, attacked Poyang, and captured Jinxi and Wannian. Wu Sangui's generals Gao Dejie and Han Daren took Ji'an, and the court urgently ordered Labu to advance. Labu stayed in Nanchang and failed to march against Ji'an. He encamped at Luozi Mountain; when the enemy attacked, his army was routed. The Emperor sent Vice Minister Bandi to investigate the defeat, after which Labu at last took personal command of the siege of Ji'an. In the third month of the sixteenth year, the enemy withdrew. Labu entered Ji'an and reported that Han Daren and others at Ningdu were offering surrender; the court approved. Soon afterward Han Daren sallied from Ningdu and raided Wan'an and Taihe, and Labu again asked for more troops. The Emperor rebuked him: "Since Prince of Jian Labu reached Jiangxi, he has won not a single achievement. He has remained shut up in the provincial capital, wasting grain and pay. When he finally moved on Ji'an, he invested the city with a large army yet let Han Daren escape, hold Ningdu, and resume raids on Wan'an and Taihe without being able to destroy him. The troops under Labu's command are hardly insufficient; that he could not eliminate even Han Daren warrants severe punishment, to be decided once the campaign is over." In the first month of the seventeenth year, Guard Commander Hakesan and others defeated Han Daren at Laohudong, destroyed his fortifications, and killed six thousand men. Han Daren fled to Fujian and surrendered to Prince Kang Jieshu's army. In the second month, Labu transferred his army to Hunan and garrisoned Chaling. In the eighth month, Wu Sangui died at Hengzhou, and an edict ordered Labu to advance from Anren. In the first month of the eighteenth year, he advanced and recaptured Hengzhou. In the second month, he sent detachments to retake Qiyang, Leiyang, and Baoding. In the ninth month, he moved into Guangxi and garrisoned Guilin. In the first month of the nineteenth year, Ma Chengyin rebelled at Liuzhou. In the fifth month, he advanced against Liuzhou, and Ma Chengyin surrendered. In the eighth month, he shifted his garrison to Nanning. In the tenth month, an edict detached part of his force and placed it under Grand General Laita for the campaign against Yunnan. In the eighth month of the twentieth year, he was recalled to Beijing. He died in the tenth month. In the twenty-first year, he was posthumously condemned for missing the opportunity at Ji'an and stripped of his title.
40
雅布，濟度第五子。 二十二年，襲。 二十七年，命赴蘇尼特防噶爾丹。 二十九年，噶爾丹深入烏珠穆沁地，以恭親王常甯為安北大將軍，雅布與信郡王鄂扎副之，出喜峰口。 既而罷行，詔赴裕親王福全軍參贊軍務。 八月，擊敗噶爾丹于烏闌布通，噶爾丹遁，未窮追。 師還，議不追敵罪，當奪爵，詔罰俸三年。 三十五年，從上親征。 三十八年，掌宗人府事。 四十年，薨，諡曰修。 子十五，雅爾江阿、神保住先後襲爵。
Yabu was Jidu's fifth son. He succeeded to the title in the twenty-second year. In the twenty-seventh year, he was ordered to Sunite to guard against Galdan. In the twenty-ninth year, when Galdan pushed deep into Ujimchin territory, Prince Gong Changning was appointed Grand General Pacifying the North, with Yabu and Prince Xin Ezhai as his deputies; the army marched out through Xifengkou. The expedition was soon called off, and he was ordered to join Prince Fuquan's army as a staff officer for military affairs. In the eighth month they defeated Galdan at Ulan Butong; Galdan escaped, and the enemy was not pursued to extinction. After the army came home, failure to pursue the enemy was debated and would normally have cost him his title; instead an edict reduced his stipend for three years. In the thirty-fifth year he accompanied the emperor on campaign in person. In the thirty-eighth year he was placed in charge of the Imperial Clan Court. He died in the fortieth year and was given the posthumous name Xiu. He had fifteen sons; Yarjiang'a and Shen Baozhu inherited the princedom in turn.
41
雅爾江阿，雅布第一子。 初封世子。 四十二年，襲。 雍正四年，詔責雅爾江阿躭飲廢事，奪爵。 神保住，雅布第十四子。 初封鎮國將軍。 雅爾江阿既黜，世宗命襲爵。 乾隆十三年，詔責神保住恣意妄為，致兩目成眚，又虐待兄女，奪爵。 以濟爾哈朗弟貝勒費揚武曾孫德沛襲。
Yarjiang'a was Yabu's eldest son. He was first made heir to the princedom. In the forty-second year he succeeded to the title. In the fourth year of the Yongzheng reign an edict condemned Yarjiang'a for heavy drinking and neglect of office and removed his title. Shen Baozhu was Yabu's fourteenth son. He was first granted the rank of Defender General of the State. When Yarjiang'a was removed, the Yongzheng Emperor ordered Shen Baozhu to succeed to the princedom. In the thirteenth year of the Qianlong reign an edict condemned Shen Baozhu for reckless conduct that left him blind in both eyes and for abusing his elder brother's daughter, and his title was taken away. The succession passed to De Pei, a great-great-grandson of Jirhalang's younger brother, Prince Feiyangwu.
42
德沛字濟齋，貝子福存子。 雍正十三年，授鎮國將軍。 以果親王允禮薦，世宗召見，問所欲，對曰：「原廁孔廡分特豚之饋。」 上大重之。 授兵部侍郎。 乾隆元年，改古北口提督。 二年，授甘肅巡撫，奏言：「甘肅州縣多在萬山中，遇災，民入城領賑，路窎遠。 宜於鄉鎮設廠散糧，並許州縣吏具詳即施賑。」 旋擢湖廣總督，奏言：「治苗疆宜勸墾田，置學校，並諭令植樹。」 四年，調閩浙總督。 御史朱續晫劾福建巡撫王士任贓私，上疑不實，命續晫會鞫。 德沛自承失察，直續晫而奪士任官，時服其公。 福州將軍隆升貪縱，劾去之。 奏，宜酌移鎮將營汛，預弭爭端。」 五年十二月，諭曰：「德沛屢任封晫言； 「海濱居民恆械疆，操守廉潔，一介不取，逋負日積，致蠲舊產。 賜福建籓庫銀一萬，以風有位。」 六年，兼署浙江巡撫。 七年，調兩江總督。 淮、揚大水，令府縣發倉庫，奏撥地丁、關稅、鹽課銀十萬兩治賑。 尋議河事與高斌不合。 八年，轉吏部侍郎。 十二年五月，署山西巡撫。 十二月，擢吏部尚書。 十三年七月，以疾解任。 神保住既黜，上以德沛操履厚重，特命襲爵，曾祖貝勒費揚武、祖貝子傅喇塔、父福存，並追封簡親王。 十七年，薨，諡曰儀。 以濟爾哈朗曾孫奇通阿襲。
De Pei, whose style was Jizhai, was the son of Beizi Fucun. In the thirteenth year of the Yongzheng reign he was made Defender General of the State. Recommended by Prince Guo Yunli, he was summoned by the Yongzheng Emperor, who asked what post he wanted; he answered that he would be satisfied with a humble share of the sacrificial meat apportioned at the temple slaughter stalls. The emperor was deeply impressed. He was appointed vice minister of war. In the first year of the Qianlong reign he was made commander at Gubeikou. In the second year he became governor of Gansu and reported that most Gansu districts lay in rugged mountains, so when famine struck peasants had to travel far into walled towns for grain, which was impractical. He proposed setting up rural granaries and letting local officials disburse aid at once on verified petition. Soon promoted to governor-general of Huguang, he urged that the Miao country be settled by promoting farming, founding schools, and requiring tree planting. In the fourth year he was transferred to the Fujian–Zhejiang governor-generalship. Censor Zhu Xupu accused Fujian governor Wang Shiren of graft; the throne doubted the case and sent Zhu Xupu to sit in joint inquiry. De Pei confessed to lax oversight, backed Zhu Xupu, and removed Wang Shiren from office, winning public respect for his impartiality. He impeached and dismissed the Fuzhou general Long Sheng for greed and license. He also urged that frontier garrisons be redeployed with care to prevent clashes before they arose. In the twelfth month of the fifth year the throne declared that De Pei, who had served repeatedly on the frontiers, was outspoken in counsel; that though coastal society was rife with armed feuds, he remained scrupulously honest, took no gifts, and still sank so deep in debt that he had to part with his family holdings. Ten thousand taels from the Fujian treasury were bestowed on him as a model for officials. In the sixth year he additionally acted as governor of Zhejiang. In the seventh year he was moved to the Liangjiang governor-generalship. When the Huai–Yang region flooded, he opened local granaries and secured a hundred thousand taels from land tax, customs, and salt revenues for relief. He soon clashed with Gao Bin over hydraulic policy. In the eighth year he was made vice minister of personnel. In the fifth month of the twelfth year he served as acting governor of Shanxi. In the twelfth month he was promoted to minister of personnel. In the seventh month of the thirteenth year he retired on grounds of illness. When Shen Baozhu was removed, the emperor singled out De Pei for his steady character and made him prince, posthumously raising his great-grandfather Feiyangwu, grandfather Fulata, and father Fucun to Prince Jian. He died in the seventeenth year and was posthumously named Yi. The title passed to Qitong'a, a great-great-grandson of Jirhalang.
43
奇通阿，輔國公巴賽子。 初授輔國將軍。 襲輔國公。 乾隆元年，授正紅旗滿州都統。 三年，授領侍衛內大臣。 十七年，襲。 祖輔國公巴爾堪、父巴賽，並追封簡親王。 二十一年，掌宗人府事。 二十八年，薨，諡曰勤。 子豐訥亨襲。 豐訥亨初授三等侍衛。 事高宗，從師討準噶爾，將健銳千人屯呼爾璊。 霍集占以五千人來犯，合諸軍擊却之，逐北十餘里。 師進，敵踞塹以拒戰，奪塹，所乘馬中創，易馬再進，敗敵沁達勒河渡口，再敗敵葉爾羌河岸。 詔嘉其勇，遷二等侍衛，擢鑲白旗滿洲副都統。 移軍伊犁，授領隊大臣。 擊破瑪哈沁及哈薩克部人，收其馬。 二十七年，師還，賜雙眼孔雀翎。 遷護軍統領，管健銳營。 二十八年，襲爵。 授都統，掌宗人府事。 四十年，薨，諡曰恪。 子積哈納，襲。 四十三年正月，復號鄭親王。 四十九年，薨，諡曰恭。 子烏爾恭阿，襲。
Qitong'a was the son of Assistant Duke Basai. He was first made Assistant General of the State. He succeeded to the rank of assistant duke. In the first year of the Qianlong reign he was made commander of the Plain Red Banner Manchus. In the third year he was appointed grand minister of the imperial bodyguard. In the seventeenth year he succeeded to the princedom. His grandfather Ba'erkan and father Basai were posthumously raised to Prince Jian. In the twenty-first year he was placed in charge of the Imperial Clan Court. He died in the twenty-eighth year and was posthumously named Qin. His son Fengneheng succeeded him. Fengneheng was first made a third-rank imperial bodyguard. Under the Qianlong Emperor he campaigned against the Zunghars and commanded a thousand Elite Vanguard troops posted at Hurman. When Hojijan attacked with five thousand men, Fengneheng joined the allied forces, repulsed them, and chased them northward for more than ten li. In the advance the foe fought from trenches until they were stormed; his horse was hit, he remounted and pressed on, routing the enemy at the Qindar River ford and again on the Yarkand River. The throne commended his bravery, promoting him to second-rank bodyguard and deputy lieutenant-general of the Bordered White Banner. When the army shifted to Ili he was made a column commander. He broke the Mahajin and Kazakh forces and captured their horses. In the twenty-seventh year, on the army's return, he received the double-eyed peacock plume. He was made commander of the guards and placed over the Elite Vanguard. In the twenty-eighth year he succeeded to the princedom. He was appointed banner commander and head of the Imperial Clan Court. He died in the fortieth year and was posthumously named Ke. His son Jihana succeeded him. In the first month of the forty-third year the house was again styled Prince of Zheng. He died in the forty-ninth year and was posthumously named Gong. His son Wergong'a inherited the title.
44
烏爾恭阿初名佛爾果崇額，襲爵，詔改名。 道光二十六年，薨，諡曰慎。
Wergong'a was originally named Fo'erguochong'e; when he succeeded, an edict changed his name. He died in the twenty-sixth year of the Daoguang reign and was posthumously named Shen.
45
子端華，襲。 授御前大臣。 宣宗崩，受顧命。 文宗即位，迭命為閱兵大臣、右宗正。 京師戒嚴，令督察巡防。 十年，扈上幸熱河，授領侍衛內大臣。 端華弟肅順用事，文宗崩，再受顧命，與怡親王載垣及肅順等並號「贊襄政務王大臣」。 穆宗還京師，詔責端華等專擅跋扈罪，端華坐賜死。 肅順自有傳。 爵降為不入八分輔國公。 同治元年二月，以濟爾哈朗八世孫岳齡襲。 三年七月，克復江寧，復還鄭親王世爵，以奇通阿五世孫承志襲。
His son Duanhua succeeded to the title. He was made a grand minister in attendance before the throne. On the Daoguang Emperor's death he was named to the regency council. Under the Xianfeng Emperor he was repeatedly named to inspect troops and to head the imperial clan commission. When Beijing was put under martial law he was charged with overseeing patrols and defenses. In the tenth year he escorted the emperor to Rehe and was made grand minister of the imperial bodyguard. While his younger brother Sushun dominated court affairs, the Xianfeng Emperor on his deathbed again named Duanhua to the regency, and together with Prince Yi Zaichun, Sushun, and others he was titled a 'Prince Assisting Government.' When the Tongzhi Emperor came back to Beijing, an edict condemned Duanhua and his fellows for overbearing abuse of power, and Duanhua was granted death. Sushun is treated in a separate biography. The rank was lowered to an assistant duke outside the Eight Privileges. In the second month of the first Tongzhi year Yueling, eighth in descent from Jirhalang, took the diminished title. In the seventh month of the third year, after Nanjing was retaken, the Prince of Zheng was restored and Chengzhi, fifth in descent from Qitong'a, succeeded.
46
承志，輔國公西朗阿子。 初襲輔國公。 既襲王爵，曾祖輔國公經訥亨、祖輔國公伊豐額、父西朗阿，並追封鄭親王，而以嶽齡改襲輔國公。 四年二月，御史劉慶劾承志品行不端，詔令力圖湔濯。 十一年，坐令護衛玉壽毆殺主事福珣，奪爵，圈禁。 以積哈納孫慶至襲。 慶至，奉恩將軍松德嗣子。 既襲王爵，松德追封鄭親王。 慶至，光緒四年，薨，諡曰順。 子凱泰，襲。 二十六年，薨。 諡曰恪。 子昭煦，襲。
Chengzhi was the son of Assistant Duke Xilang'a. He had first held only the rank of assistant duke. On becoming prince he had his forebears Jingneheng, Yifeng'e, and Xilang'a posthumously raised to Prince of Zheng, and Yueling was moved down to the assistant dukedom. In the second month of the fourth year Censor Liu Qing accused Chengzhi of bad character, and the throne told him to mend his ways. In the eleventh year he lost his title and was placed under house arrest for having his guard Yushou kill the director Fu Xun. The succession went to Qingzhi, grandson of Jihana. Qingzhi was the adopted heir of Banner General Songde. When Qingzhi became prince, Songde was posthumously made Prince of Zheng. Qingzhi died in the fourth year of the Guangxu reign and was posthumously named Shun. His son Kaitai succeeded him. He died in the twenty-sixth year. He was posthumously named Ke. His son Zhaoxu inherited the title.
47
勒度，濟爾哈朗第三子。 封敏郡王。 薨，諡曰簡。 無子，爵除。
Ledu was the third son of Jirhalang. He was created Prince of Min. He died and was given the posthumous name Jian. He left no heir, and the title lapsed.
48
輔國武襄公巴爾堪，濟爾哈朗第四子。 初授輔國將軍。 康熙十三年，吳三桂據湖南，令巴爾堪率師赴兗州，署梅勒額真。 進次江甯，耿精忠遣兵犯徽州，詔巴爾堪進剿。 九月，次旌德，聞績溪陷，疾趨過徽嶺，破敵。 江甯將軍額楚繼至，合師逐北，斬三千餘級，克徽州。 復破敵黟縣董亭橋，進攻婺源。 復破敵於奇台嶺、于黃茅新嶺，復婺源。 進克樂平，擊破叛將陳九傑，乘勝下饒州。 十四年，攻萬年石頭街，敵四萬人禦渡口，水陸並進，破五十七營，斬五千級，擒九傑，克安仁，敵焚舟走。 五月，復貴溪，進略弋陽，攻永豐。 十六年正月，敗於螺子山，議奪官。 偕額楚徇廣東。 九月，戰韶州蓮花山，陷陣，中流矢，裹創力戰，大破敵。 十九年八月，喇布師次廣西，上命以巴爾堪從。 病作，語固山額真額赫納等曰：「吾不能臨陣而死，今創發，勿令家人以陣亡冒功也。」 遂卒於軍。 喪還，上命內大臣輝塞往奠，下部議恤。 雍正元年，追封諡。 子巴賽，襲。
Barkhan, posthumously Duke of State Assistance and Martial Achievement, was Jirhalang's fourth son. He was first made an assistant duke of the third rank. In Kangxi 13 Wu Sangui controlled Hunan; Barkhan was sent with troops to Yanzhou and named acting meiren ejen. As he moved up to Jiangning, Geng Jingzhong sent forces against Huizhou, and Barkhan was ordered to march against them. In the ninth month he reached Jingde; learning that Jixi had fallen, he raced over Huiling Pass and routed the enemy. Jiangning general Echu came up, and their united force drove the enemy north, killing more than three thousand and recapturing Huizhou. He again defeated the foe at Dongting Bridge in Yi County and pressed on toward Wuyuan. After further victories at Qitai Ridge and Huangmao Xin Ridge, he retook Wuyuan. He captured Leping, smashed the rebel general Chen Jiujie, and pressed on to take Raozhou. In the fourteenth year he assaulted Shitoujie in Wannian, where forty thousand defenders held the crossing. Striking by land and water together, he destroyed fifty-seven camps, killed five thousand men, captured Jiujie, took Anren, and drove the enemy to burn their boats and flee. In the fifth month he retook Guixi, pushed into Yiyang, and attacked Yongfeng. In the first month of the sixteenth year he was defeated at Luozi Mountain, and officials debated stripping him of rank. With Echu he campaigned through Guangdong. In the ninth month at Lianhua Mountain in Shaozhou he plunged into the enemy ranks, took an arrow, bound his wound, and fought on until he had shattered the foe. In the eighth month of the nineteenth year, as Labu's army reached Guangxi, the emperor ordered Barkhan to join him. When his illness took hold he told gushan ejen Ehena and the others: "I was denied death on the battlefield; now my wounds have reopened—do not let my family claim the honors due to one killed in action." He died in camp soon after. When his body was returned, the emperor sent Inner Court minister Huise to offer libations and ordered the ministries to determine posthumous honors. In Yongzheng 1 he received posthumous enfeoffment and a posthumous title. His son Basai inherited the title.
49
輔國襄湣公巴賽，事聖祖，授鑲藍旗漢軍副都統。 從征噶爾丹，遷正紅旗蒙古都統，署黑龍江將軍。 世宗即位，授甯古塔將軍。 既，襲爵，召還。 雍正四年，授振武將軍，軍阿爾台。 五年，當代還，以喀爾喀郡王丹津多爾濟言巴賽治事整飭，命留防。 七年，靖邊大將軍傅爾丹率師討噶爾丹策零，授巴賽副將軍。 八年，傅爾丹入覲，護大將軍印。 九年，偕傅爾丹駐科布多。 六月，噶爾丹策零以三萬人來犯，傅爾丹信間言噶爾丹策零兵寡，遂出師，次庫列圖嶺。 敵據險，攻之不克，移軍和通呼爾哈諾爾。 敵伏山谷，突起截戰，蒙古兵潰，收滿洲兵四千作方營，保輜重，退渡哈爾哈納河。 敵追至，傅爾丹還科布多，巴賽與副將軍查弼納率殘兵越嶺至河濱禦敵，沒於陣。 噶爾丹策零之衆旌黃帶示我師曰：「汝宗室為我所殺矣！」 賜恤諡，祀昭忠祠。 子奇通阿，襲。 尋改襲簡親王，公爵當除。 高宗以巴爾堪、巴賽仍世有戰功，以奇通阿次子經訥亨襲。 四傳至曾孫承志，復改襲鄭親王。
Basai, posthumously Duke of State Assistance and Mournful Loyalty, served Kangxi and was made vice lieutenant-general of the Bordered Blue Banner Han Army. On campaign against Galdan he rose to Mongol lieutenant-general of the Plain Red Banner and served as acting general of Heilongjiang. When Yongzheng took the throne, he was made general of Ningguta. He then inherited his father's title and was recalled to court. In Yongzheng 4 he was named General Who Quells Martial Foes and posted to Altai. In the fifth year, when he was due to rotate home, Khalkha Prince Danjindorji praised Basai's tight discipline, and he was kept on garrison duty. In the seventh year Furdan, Grand General Who Pacifies the Border, marched against Galdan Tsering, and Basai was made deputy commander. In the eighth year, when Furdan went to audience at court, Basai held the grand commander's seal. In the ninth year he and Furdan camped at Kobdo. In the sixth month Galdan Tsering attacked with thirty thousand men; Furdan, trusting a rumor that the enemy was weak, marched out and halted at Kuletu Ridge. The enemy held the high ground; the assault failed, and the army withdrew to Hotong Hurhanor. The enemy ambushed from the valleys and cut off the fight; the Mongol troops broke, but four thousand Manchu soldiers were formed into a square to protect the baggage and fell back across the Kharkha River. When the enemy pressed to the river, Furdan withdrew to Kobdo; Basai and Deputy Commander Zhabina led the survivors over the ridge to hold the riverbank and were killed in action. Galdan Tsering's men waved a yellow sash before our army and cried: "We have killed your imperial kinsmen!" Posthumous honors were granted, and he was enshrined in the Shrine of Manifest Loyalty. His son Qitong'a inherited the title. He soon inherited instead as Prince of Simple Directness, and the ducal title was set aside. Because Barkhan and Basai had served with distinction across generations, the Qianlong emperor had Qitong'a's second son Jingneheng inherit the line. Four generations later, when the title passed to great-great-grandson Chengzhi, it reverted to the Prince of Zheng.
50
靖定貝勒費揚武，一名芬古，舒爾哈齊第八子。 天聰五年，授鑲藍旗固山額真。 從上伐明，攻大淩河城，費揚武率本旗兵圍其西南。 上幸阿濟格營，城兵突出，費揚武擊敗之。 上令諸軍向錦州，幟而馳，若明援兵至者，以致祖大壽。 費揚武迎擊，大壽敗入城，遂不敢出。 八年，再從伐明，師進獨石口，克長安嶺，攻赤城，克其郛。 九年，師入山西，上命費揚武等攻寧、錦，緩明師。 大壽軍大淩河西，擊敗之。 崇德元年，伐明，克城十。 是冬，伐朝鮮。 叙功，封固山貝子。 四年，坐受外籓蒙古賄，削爵。 尋復封輔國公。 七年，伐明，敗明總兵白騰蛟等於薊州，克其城。 八年，代戍錦州。 十二月，卒。 順治十年，追封諡。
Feiyangwu, Beile of Settled Tranquility—also known as Fenggu—was Shu'erhachi's eighth son. In Tiancong 5 he was made gushan ejen of the Bordered Blue Banner. On campaign against the Ming he joined the assault on Dalinghe; Feiyangwu led his banner in the siege of the southwest quarter. When the ruler visited Ajige's camp, the garrison sallied out and Feiyangwu drove them back. The ruler had the armies ride toward Jinzhou with banners streaming as though Ming reinforcements had come, to frighten Zu Dashou. Feiyangwu met and repulsed them; Dashou fled into the city and never again dared sally forth. In the eighth year he again joined the Ming campaign; the army entered Dushikou, seized Chang'an Ridge, attacked Chicheng, and took its outer suburbs. In the ninth year, as the army entered Shanxi, the ruler ordered Feiyangwu and others to strike Ning and Jin to pin down Ming forces. Dashou's army lay west of Dalinghe; Feiyangwu defeated it. In Chongde 1, on campaign against the Ming, ten cities were captured. That winter the army invaded Korea. For his service he was enfeoffed as gushan beizi. In the fourth year he was stripped of rank for taking bribes from Mongol tributaries. He was soon restored as duke who assists the state. In the seventh year, campaigning against the Ming, he routed Ming commander Bai Tengjiao at Jizhou and captured the city. In the eighth year he took over the Jinzhou garrison. He died in the twelfth month. In Shunzhi 10 he received posthumous enfeoffment and a posthumous title.
51
費揚武子七，有爵者三：尚善、傅喇塔、努賽。 努賽封貝子，諡悼哀。
Feiyangwu had seven sons, three of whom held titles: Shangshan, Fulata, and Nusai. Nusai was made beizi and posthumously titled Mournful Lament.
52
尚善，初襲輔國公。 順治元年，進貝子。 二年，從多鐸南征擊李自成，敵以騎兵三百沖我師，尚善擊敗之。 平河南，下江南，並有功，賜圓補紗衣一襲、金百、銀五千、鞍馬一。 五年，戍大同。 六年，進貝勒，掌理籓院，為議政大臣。 十五年，從多尼征雲南。 明桂王由榔奔永昌，尚善進鎮南州，破其將白文選于玉龍關，渡瀾滄江，下永昌，由榔先遁，乘勝取騰越，進南甸，至孟村而還。 十六年，賜蟒袍一、玲瓏刀一、鞍馬一。 十七年，追論尚善撤永昌守兵致軍士入城傷人罪，降貝子。 康熙十一年，復爵，任右宗正。 以疾罷。
Shangshan first inherited as duke who assists the state. In Shunzhi 1 he was raised to beizi. In the second year he followed Dodo south against Li Zicheng; when three hundred enemy horsemen charged the army, Shangshan beat them back. He helped pacify Henan and conquer Jiangnan, earning rewards of a round-collared gauze robe, a hundred taels of gold, five thousand taels of silver, and a saddle horse. In the fifth year he garrisoned Datong. In the sixth year he was raised to beile, put in charge of the Court of Colonial Affairs, and made a deliberative minister. In the fifteenth year he joined Duoni's Yunnan campaign. When the Ming Prince of Gui, Youlang, fled to Yongchang, Shangshan pushed into Zhennan Prefecture, routed Bai Wenxuan at Yulong Pass, crossed the Lancang, and took Yongchang. Youlang escaped ahead of him; Shangshan then seized Tengyue, pushed to Nandian, and withdrew from Mengcun. In the sixteenth year he received a python robe, an exquisite knife, and a saddle horse. In the seventeenth year he was demoted to beizi on retrospective review of his withdrawal of the Yongchang garrison, which had allowed troops entering the city to harm civilians. In Kangxi 11 his rank was restored and he was named right director of the Imperial Clan Court. Illness forced his retirement.
53
吳三桂反。 授安遠靖寇大將軍，率師之岳州。 尚善至軍，移書三桂曰：「王以亡國餘生，乞師我朝，殄殲賊寇，雪國恥，復父仇，蒙恩眷禮，列爵分籓，富貴榮寵，迄今三十餘年矣； 而晚節末路，自取顛覆，竊為王不解也。 王今藉口興復明室，曩者大兵入關，不聞請立明裔； 天下大定，猶為我計除後患，翦滅明宗，安在其為故主效忠哉？ 將為子孫創大業，則公主、額駙入滇之時，何不即萌反側？ 至遣子入侍，乃復稱兵，以陷子於戮，可謂慈乎？ 若謂光耀前人，則王之投誠也，祖考皆膺封錫，今則墳塋毀棄，骸骨遺于道路，可謂孝乎？ 為人臣僕，身事兩朝，而未嘗忠於一主，可謂義乎？ 躬蹈四罪，而猶逞志角力，謬欲收拾人心，是厝薪於火而雲安，結巢於幕而雲固也。 聖朝寬大，如輸誠悔罪，應許自新，毋蹈公孫述、彭寵故轍，赤族湛身，為世大僇。」 三桂得書，不報。
Wu Sangui rose in rebellion. He was named Grand General Who Pacifies the Distant and Quells Bandits and marched on Yuezhou. When Shangshan reached the front, he wrote Wu Sangui: "Your Highness, a remnant of a fallen dynasty, begged our court for arms, helped destroy the bandits, avenged your father, and wiped away national disgrace. You were showered with imperial favor, enfeoffed, and granted a fief; for more than thirty years you have lived in wealth and honor— yet in your last years you have chosen self-destruction. I confess I cannot fathom your reasoning. You now claim to restore the Ming, yet when our armies entered the Pass no one asked that a Ming heir be enthroned; when the realm was settled you still helped us root out the Ming line—where was loyalty to your old sovereign then? If you meant to build an empire for your sons, why did you not rebel when the princess and her consort entered Yunnan? You then sent your son to serve at court, only to take up arms again and bring him to the execution ground—is that filial love toward a child? If you claim to honor your ancestors, your submission once won them titles and rewards; now their graves are desecrated and their bones lie on the roads—is that filial piety? As a subject you have served two dynasties and been faithful to neither—is that righteousness? Guilty of all four sins, you still seek to test strength against us and imagine you can win hearts—like stacking firewood on a blaze and calling it safe, or weaving a nest in a tent flap and calling it firm. The court is merciful: sincere repentance may yet win pardon. Do not repeat the fate of Gongsun Shu and Peng Chong, who brought their clans to extinction and themselves to everlasting shame." Wu Sangui received the letter and did not answer.
54
尚善疏請發荊州綠營兵、京口沙唬船五十，進攻岳州。 十四年，遣舟師絕敵餉道。 十五年，敗賊於洞庭，取君山，分兵助攻長沙。 十六年四月，三桂奔衡州，復出湘潭，分遣其侵兩粵。 十七年，詔責尚善師無功，令率所部駐長沙，而以岳樂統大軍取岳州。 尚善請率舟師克岳州自效，上從之。 三桂將杜輝等犯柳林嘴，師迎擊，舟師來會，合戰，輝敗走。 八月，卒於軍。 十九年，追論退縮罪，削貝勒。 聖祖念尚善舊勞，授其子門度輔國公，世襲。
Shangshan asked that Jingzhou Green Standard troops and fifty Jingkou river boats be sent to assault Yuezhou. In the fourteenth year he sent a fleet to sever the enemy supply line. In the fifteenth year he routed the rebels at Dongting, seized Junshan, and detached forces to help besiege Changsha. In the fourth month of the sixteenth year Wu Sangui fled to Hengzhou, then reappeared at Xiangtan and sent columns to ravage Guangdong and Guangxi. In the seventeenth year the emperor rebuked Shangshan for lack of results, kept him at Changsha with his own troops, and put Yuele in command of the main force for Yuezhou. Shangshan offered to take Yuezhou with the fleet to redeem himself, and the emperor agreed. When Wu Sangui's general Du Hui attacked Liulinzui, Shangshan's land and river forces joined battle and drove Hui off. He died in camp in the eighth month. In the nineteenth year he was posthumously stripped of beile rank for having held back in battle. Mindful of Shangshan's earlier service, Kangxi granted his son Mendu a hereditary dukedom who assists the state.
55
惠獻貝子傅喇塔，費揚武第四子。 初封輔國公。 順治二年，從勒克德渾徇湖廣，有功，賜金五十、銀千。 五年，復征湖廣，逐敵至廣西，賜銀六百。 六年，進貝子。 十六年，以朝參失儀，降輔國公。 十八年，復爵。
Fulata, Beizi of Gracious Offering, was Feiyangwu's fourth son. He was first made duke who assists the state. In Shunzhi 2 he followed Lekdehun through Huguang with distinction and received fifty taels of gold and a thousand taels of silver. In the fifth year he campaigned again in Huguang, chased the enemy into Guangxi, and received six hundred taels of silver. In the sixth year he was raised to beizi. In the sixteenth year he was demoted to duke who assists the state for a breach of court etiquette. In the eighteenth year his rank was restored.
56
康熙十三年，耿精忠反，授甯海將軍，佐康親王傑書討之。 師至浙江，溫州、處州皆陷。 傅喇塔師進台州，戰黃瑞山，擊斬精忠將陳鵬等，復破敵天臺紫雲山。 十四年，精忠將曾養性再犯台州，師自仙居襲其後，破之，乘勝圍黃岩，養性遁，城降。 先後復太平、樂清、青田諸縣，進攻溫州，破敵南江。 十五年，精忠兵四萬水陸來犯，師分路迎擊，斬其將三百、兵二萬有奇。
In Kangxi 13, when Geng Jingzhong rebelled, he was named general of Ninghai and served under Prince Kang Jieshu in the suppression. By the time the army reached Zhejiang, Wenzhou and Chuzhou had already fallen. Fulata pushed into Taizhou, killed Jingzhong's general Chen Peng at Huangrui Mountain, and routed the enemy again at Tiantai's Ziyun Mountain. In the fourteenth year, when Zeng Yangxing attacked Taizhou again, Fulata struck from the rear through Xianju, defeated him, and besieged Huangyan until Yangxing fled and the city surrendered. He then retook Taiping, Yueqing, Qingtian, and other counties, advanced on Wenzhou, and defeated the enemy at Nanjiang. In the fifteenth year forty thousand of Jingzhong's troops attacked by land and water; Fulata met them on several fronts, killing three hundred officers and more than twenty thousand men.
57
初，傅喇塔之攻溫州也，以待紅衣炮為辭，繼言須戰船，傑書疏聞。 上責其言先後歧，命剋期取溫州。 傅喇塔疏言：「臣奉康親王檄催，心思皇惑，語言違謬。 臣前駐台州，王云：『待破台州，進福建。』 臣得黃岩，又云：『必取溫州。』 以是責臣，臣將無辭。 今蒙恩刻期下溫州，敢不戮力，但環溫州皆水，我軍不能猝入。」 上命康親王留兵圍溫州，而趣傅喇塔率師自衢州規福建。 諭曰：「王、貝子皆朕懿親，受命討賊，師克在和，宜同心合力，以奏膚功。」 於是傅喇塔亦留兵圍溫州，而自率師攻處州，溯江抵得勝山。 養性等以數百艘泊江中，復立兩營對江及得勝山下古溪，阻我師。 傅喇塔遣攻古溪，伏林中，敵敗，伏起截殺，併發炮碎敵舟及對江營。 師進次溫溪渡口，敗精忠將馬成龍。 尋會傑書師於衢州。 精忠兵屯雲和石塘嶺，擊之，破其壘二十八，克雲和。 九月，師入福建，精忠降。 浙江諸寇悉平。 十一月，卒於軍。 喪歸，賜祭奠，諡惠獻。
At first Fulata claimed he was waiting for red-barrel cannon before assaulting Wenzhou; later he said he needed war junks. Jieshu reported the shifting excuses to court. The emperor rebuked the inconsistency and set a firm deadline for taking Wenzhou. Fulata wrote: "Prince Kang's repeated orders have left me anxious and confused, and my words have gone astray. When I held Taizhou, Your Highness said, 'After Taizhou falls, advance into Fujian.' After I took Huangyan, you said, 'Wenzhou must be taken first.' On those grounds alone I could offer no defense. Now that the court has set a deadline for Wenzhou, I will strive with all my strength; yet Wenzhou is ringed by water and our troops cannot rush in. The emperor ordered Prince Kang to keep troops besieging Wenzhou while Fulata marched from Quzhou toward Fujian. The emperor wrote: "You are both my close kinsmen, charged with crushing rebellion. Victory depends on unity—work together in full concert." Fulata likewise left a siege force at Wenzhou and personally led troops against Chuzhou, advancing upriver to Desheng Mountain. Yangxing anchored hundreds of boats in the river and built two camps on the far bank and at Guxi below Desheng Mountain to block the advance. Fulata sent men against Guxi with troops hidden in the woods; when the enemy broke, the ambush cut them down while cannon fire smashed their boats and the camp across the river. The army moved to Wenxi Ford and defeated Jingzhong's general Ma Chenglong. He soon joined Jieshu at Quzhou. At Yunhe's Shitang Ridge they attacked Jingzhong's encampment, stormed twenty-eight positions, and captured Yunhe. In the ninth month the army entered Fujian and Jingzhong surrendered. Rebel forces throughout Zhejiang were fully suppressed. He died in camp in the eleventh month. When his body was returned, the court granted funeral honors and the posthumous title Gracious Offering.
58
子富善，仍襲貝子。 授左宗人。 以病解任。 諭責富善乖亂，奪爵。 弟福存，襲。 卒，子德普，襲鎮國公。 授左宗人。 卒，子恆魯，襲輔國公。 事高宗，曆工部侍郎、左宗人，綏遠城、盛京將軍，授內大臣。 卒，諡恭懿。 子興兆，襲輔國公。 事高宗，從征金川，為領隊大臣。 曆右宗人、荊州將軍。 攻當噶拉、得黑、絨布寨、卡卡角諸地，有功。 金川平，畫像紫光閣。 曆西安、綏遠城將軍。 坐事，奪官。 復授荊州將軍。 苗石柳鄧、吳半生、吳八月等為亂，與提督花連布擊吳半生，降； 與內大臣額勒登保等擊吳八月，復擊石柳鄧，殲焉：屢荷恩賚。 嘉慶初，討教匪姚之富、齊王氏等，師久無功，奪官，戍烏魯木齊。 復授侍衛，駐和闐、塔爾巴哈台。 坐事，復奪官。 子孫仍以輔國公世襲，錄傅喇塔功也。
His son Fushan inherited as beizi. He was appointed left director of the Imperial Clan Court. Illness forced him to resign. The court rebuked Fushan for misconduct and stripped his title. His younger brother Fucun inherited the line. At his death his son Depu inherited as duke who stabilizes the state. He was appointed left director of the Imperial Clan Court. At his death his son Henglu inherited as duke who assists the state. Under Qianlong he served as vice minister of Works, left director of the Imperial Clan Court, general of Suiyuan and Mukden, and Inner Court minister. At his death he received the posthumous title Reverent and Gracious. His son Xingzhao inherited as duke who assists the state. Under Qianlong he joined the Jinchuan campaign as a leading commander. He later served as right director of the Imperial Clan Court and general of Jingzhou. He fought at Dangala, Dehei, Rongbu Stockade, Kaka Corner, and elsewhere with distinction. When Jinchuan was pacified, his portrait was hung in the Hall of Purple Splendor. He later served as general of Xi'an and Suiyuan. Misconduct cost him his post. He was later restored as general of Jingzhou. When the Miao leaders Shi Liudeng, Wu Bansheng, and Wu Bayue rebelled, he joined provincial commander Hua Lianbu against Wu Bansheng, who submitted; with Inner Court minister Eledengbao he defeated Wu Bayue, then crushed Shi Liudeng, earning repeated imperial rewards. Early in Jiaqing, while campaigning against the White Lotus rebels Yao Zhifu and Qi Wangshi, prolonged failure brought dismissal and exile to Urumqi. He was later restored as an imperial guardsman and posted to Khotan and Tarbagatai. Further misconduct cost him his post again. His line still held the hereditary dukedom who assists the state in remembrance of Fulata's service.
59
舒爾哈齊諸孫，劄喀納、屯齊、洛托皆有功，受封。
Of Shu'erhachi's grandsons, Zhakana, Tunqi, and Luotuo all served with distinction and received titles.
60
劄喀納，扎薩克圖子。 崇德三年八月，睿親王多爾袞率師伐明，毀邊牆，至涿州，分軍八道入。 劄喀納趨臨清州，渡運河，破濟南，還破天津衛，所向有功。 四年，師還，賜駝馬各一、銀二千，封鎮國公。 上命追蒙古、漢人之逃亡者，劄喀納以泥淖，不追而還，降輔國公。 六年，從上攻錦州。 明總督洪承疇以兵犯鑲紅旗營，擊敗之。 罷戰，敵襲我後，距百步而近，劄喀納奮力轉戰，敵驚遁。 復偕輔國公費揚武，追擊明將吳三桂、白廣恩、王樸等於塔山。 七年，戍錦州。 追論敏惠恭和元妃喪時劄喀納從武英郡王阿濟格歌舞為樂，大不敬，削爵，黜宗籍，幽禁。
Zhakana was Zhasaketu's son. In the eighth month of Chongde 3, Prince Regent Dorgon invaded the Ming, breached the border wall, reached Zhuozhou, and sent eight columns into China. Zhakana raced to Linqing, crossed the Grand Canal, captured Jinan, turned back to smash Tianjin Guard, and won success wherever he marched. When the army returned in the fourth year he received a camel, a horse, and two thousand taels of silver, and was enfeoffed duke who stabilizes the state. Ordered to pursue fleeing Mongols and Han, Zhakana turned back because of marshland and was demoted to duke who assists the state. In the sixth year he joined the siege of Jinzhou. When Ming governor-general Hong Chengchou attacked the Bordered Red Banner camp, Zhakana defeated him. After the battle the enemy struck the rear within a hundred paces; Zhakana wheeled and fought until they broke and fled. With Duke Feiyangwu he then pursued Wu Sangui, Bai Guangen, Wang Pu, and other Ming generals to Tashan. In the seventh year he garrisoned Jinzhou. Later it was judged that during mourning for Primary Consort Minhui Gonghe, Zhakana had joined Prince Wu Ying Ajige in song and dance—gross disrespect. He was stripped of rank, removed from the clan register, and imprisoned.
61
順治初，釋之。 從多爾袞敗李自成，復宗籍，授輔國公品級。 偕鎮國公傅勒赫戍江南，復從平南大將軍勒克德渾徇湖廣。 師還，賜金五十、銀千。 五年，從郡王瓦克達赴英親王阿濟格軍戍大同。 六年，進貝子。 九年，從定遠大將軍尼堪征湖南，賜蟒衣、鞍馬、弓矢。 至衡州，尼堪戰歿，上以貝勒屯齊與劄喀納合領其軍。 敗明兵于周家坡。 十一年，追論衡州敗績罪，奪爵。 十二年，復授輔國公品級。 十五年，從定遠靖寇大將軍多尼徇雲南，克永昌。 十六年閏三月，卒於軍。 子瑪喀納，襲。
At the start of Shunzhi he was freed. After helping Dorgon defeat Li Zicheng, he was restored to the clan register at duke-who-assists-the-state rank. With Duke Fulehe he garrisoned Jiangnan, then joined Pacifier of the South Lekdehun in the Huguang campaign. On return he received fifty taels of gold and a thousand taels of silver. In the fifth year he joined Prince Wakeda at Prince Ying Ajige's Datong garrison. In the sixth year he was raised to beizi. In the ninth year he joined Grand General Nikan in Hunan and received a python robe, saddle horse, and bow and arrows. At Hengzhou Nikan was killed in action; the emperor put Beile Tunqi and Zhakana in joint command of his army. They routed Ming forces at Zhoujiapo. In the eleventh year he was stripped of rank for the Hengzhou defeat. In the twelfth year he was restored to duke-who-assists-the-state rank. In the fifteenth year he joined Grand General Duoni in Yunnan and captured Yongchang. He died in camp in the intercalary third month of the sixteenth year. His son Makana inherited the title.
62
三等鎮國將軍品級屯齊，圖倫子。 圖倫，舒爾哈齊第四子，追封貝勒，諡恪僖。 屯齊，事太宗，從英親王阿濟格伐明，有功。 從鄭親王濟爾哈朗略錦州、松山、杏山，九戰九勝。 屯齊受創，加賜銀百，封輔國公。 五年，從睿親王多爾袞圍錦州，明兵夜襲鑲藍旗營，擊敗之。 坐不臨城及私遣兵還，議削爵，命罰銀千。 六年，從上攻錦州、塔山，敗明兵，復從多爾袞圍錦州。
Tunqi, a third-rank duke who stabilizes the state, was Tulun's son. Tulun, Shu'erhachi's fourth son, was posthumously made beile with the title Reverent and Joyful. Tunqi served Taizong and distinguished himself on Prince Ying Ajige's Ming campaigns. With Prince of Zheng Jirhalang he raided Jinzhou, Songshan, and Xingshan, winning nine battles in nine engagements. Wounded in service, he received an extra hundred taels of silver and was enfeoffed duke who assists the state. In the fifth year, during Dorgon's siege of Jinzhou, he repulsed a night attack on the Bordered Blue Banner camp. Because he failed to press the walls and sent troops home without leave, officials debated stripping his rank; he was fined a thousand taels of silver instead. In the sixth year he fought at Jinzhou and Tashan, defeated Ming forces, and returned to the Jinzhou siege under Dorgon.
63
順治元年，進貝子。 尋從豫親王多鐸破流寇，平陝西、河南並有功，賜圓補紗衣一襲。 從多鐸下江寧，明福王由崧走太平，與貝勒尼堪追至蕪湖，獲之。 師還，賜金百、銀五千、鞍馬一，授鑲藍旗滿洲固山額真。 三年，從肅親王豪格西征，破賀珍，解漢中圍。 會一隻虎、孫守法陷興安，進師漢陰，擊走之。 五年，陝西回亂，命為平西大將軍，率師討之。 總督孟喬芳已擊斬回酋米喇印、丁國棟等，還赴英親王阿濟格軍，戍大同。 六年，進貝勒。
In Shunzhi 1 he was raised to beizi. He then followed Prince Yu Dodo against the roving rebels, helped pacify Shaanxi and Henan, and received a round-collared gauze robe. When Dodo marched on Jiangning, the Ming Prince of Fu, Yousong, fled to Taiping; Tunqi and Beile Nikan chased him to Wuhu and took him. On return he received a hundred taels of gold, five thousand of silver, a saddle horse, and appointment as gushan ejen of the Bordered Blue Manchu Banner. In the third year he joined Prince Su Hooge in the west, defeated He Zhen, and lifted the siege of Hanzhong. When Yizhihu and Sun Shoufa took Xing'an, he advanced to Hanyin and drove them off. In the fifth year, amid the Hui uprising in Shaanxi, he was named Grand General Who Pacifies the West and sent to suppress it. Governor-general Meng Qiaofang had already killed the Hui leaders Mila Yin and Ding Guodong; Tunqi then rejoined Prince Ying Ajige's Datong garrison. In the sixth year he was raised to beile.
64
張獻忠將孫可望、李定國等降于明桂王由榔，擾湖南。 九年，屯齊從定遠大將軍尼堪南征。 尼堪戰歿，以屯齊代將。 時定國及別將馬進忠率兵四萬餘，屯永州。 定國聞師至，度龍虎關先遁。 可望在靖州，別將馮雙禮在武岡。 屯齊進師寶慶，至周家坡，雙禮、進忠據險抗我師，會暮天雨，列陣相拒。 其夜可望自寶慶以兵來會，衆號十萬，屯齊分兵縱擊，大破之。 十一年，追坐衡州敗績，削爵。 十二年，授鎮國公品級。 十五年，從多尼徇雲南，定國挾由榔奔永昌，降其餘衆。 還。 康熙二年，卒。
Zhang Xianzhong's generals Sun Kewang and Li Dingguo submitted to the Ming Prince of Gui, Youlang, and ravaged Hunan. In the ninth year Tunqi joined Grand General Nikan's southern campaign. When Nikan was killed, Tunqi took command in his place. Li Dingguo and the separate commander Ma Jinzhong then held Yongzhou with more than forty thousand men. Hearing of the army's approach, Dingguo slipped away through Longhu Pass. Sun Kewang was at Jingzhou; the separate commander Feng Shuangli at Wugang. Tunqi marched on Baoqing to Zhoujiapo, where Shuangli and Jinzhong held the high ground. At dusk rain fell and the two armies faced each other across the field. That night Sun Kewang marched from Baoqing with reinforcements; their force was said to reach one hundred thousand. Tunqi split his command and won a crushing victory. In the eleventh year he was stripped of rank for the Hengzhou defeat. In the twelfth year he was restored to duke-who-stabilizes-the-state rank. In the fifteenth year he joined Duoni in Yunnan; Li Dingguo fled to Yongchang with Youlang, and the rest submitted. He then returned. He died in Kangxi 2.
65
子溫齊，初封貝子，授右宗人、鑲藍旗滿洲都統。 吳三桂反，上命定西大將軍董額自陝西徇四川，溫齊從。 陝西提督王輔臣叛應三桂，師駐漢中。 十四年，進次隴州，克仙逸、關山二關，復秦州禮縣，逐敵至西和，清水、伏羌並下。 十六年，詔責董額師久無功，溫齊亦坐降輔國公，奪官。 三桂陷湖南，安遠靖寇大將軍尚善規岳州，上發禁旅，命溫齊率以往，參贊軍務。 十七年，敗賊于柳林嘴、於君山、于陸石口，進克岳州。 十八年，溫齊追三桂將吳應麒，以未攜爨具，引還，且妄報陣斬五千餘級。 時尚善已卒，察尼代將。 事聞，命察尼按鞫之，溫齊坐削爵。
His son Wenqi was first made beizi, then served as right director of the Imperial Clan Court and lieutenant-general of the Bordered Blue Manchu Banner. When Wu Sangui rebelled, the emperor sent Grand General Dong'e from Shaanxi into Sichuan; Wenqi went with him. When Shaanxi commander Wang Fuchen joined Wu Sangui, the army halted at Hanzhong. In the fourteenth year he advanced to Longzhou, seized the Xianyi and Guanshan passes, retook Qinzhou and Li County, pursued the enemy to Xihe, and captured Qingshui and Fugiang. In the sixteenth year the emperor rebuked Dong'e for lack of progress; Wenqi was demoted to duke who assists the state and dismissed. When Wu Sangui took Hunan, Shangshan turned toward Yuezhou; the emperor sent the Forbidden Army under Wenqi to assist. In the seventeenth year he won victories at Liulinzui, Junshan, and Lushikou and captured Yuezhou. In the eighteenth year Wenqi pursued Wu Yingqi but turned back for lack of camp gear and falsely claimed five thousand enemy killed. By then Shangshan had died and Chani had taken command. When the report reached court, Chani was ordered to investigate; Wenqi lost his title.
66
洛讬，寨桑武子。 寨桑武，舒爾哈齊第五子，追封貝勒，諡和惠。
Luotuo was Zaisangwu's son. Zaisangwu, Shu'erhachi's fifth son, was posthumously made beile with the title Harmonious and Gracious.
67
洛讬，天聰八年，從太宗伐明。 上駐師大同南山西岡，洛讬籍所俘以獻。 崇德元年，封貝子。 從伐朝鮮，偕貝勒多鐸圍南漢山城。 朝鮮將以八千人赴援，盡殲之； 又以五千人赴援，擊之，敗走。 二年，與議政。 四年，從英親王阿濟格圍塔山、連山。 五年，從睿親王多爾袞屯田義州。 錦州兵夜襲我鑲藍旗營，與屯齊共擊敗之。 六年，坐圍錦州不臨城，且私遣兵還，議削爵，詔罰銀千。 上征松山，大破明總督洪承疇兵。 洛讬橫擊潰兵於塔山，復圍錦州。 七年，從鄭親王濟爾哈朗攻塔山，克之，授都察院承政。 偕博洛、尼堪駐錦州。 八年，坐事，削爵，幽禁。
In Tiancong 8 Luotuo joined Taizong's Ming campaign. When the army camped on Datong's South Mountain west ridge, Luotuo tallied the captives and presented them. In Chongde 1 he was enfeoffed beizi. On the Korean campaign he joined Beile Dodo in besieging Namhansanseong. An eight-thousand-man Korean relief force was wiped out; when five thousand more came, he attacked and routed them. In the second year he joined the deliberative council. In the fourth year he joined Prince Ying Ajige in the sieges of Tashan and Lianshan. In the fifth year he garrison-farmed at Yizhou under Prince Regent Dorgon. When Jinzhou troops raided the Bordered Blue camp by night, he and Tunqi drove them off. In the sixth year, for failing to press the Jinzhou walls and sending men home without leave, officials debated stripping his rank; he was fined a thousand taels instead. When the ruler fought at Songshan, Hong Chengchou's army was shattered. Luotuo cut across the fleeing Ming troops at Tashan and returned to the Jinzhou siege. In the seventh year he helped Prince of Zheng Jirhalang take Tashan and was named censor-in-chief of the Censorate. With Boluo and Nikan he garrisoned Jinzhou. In the eighth year misconduct cost him his title and brought imprisonment.
68
順治初，釋之。 八年，復封三等鎮國將軍。 十三年，授鑲藍旗滿洲固山額真。 十四年，孫可望、李定國、馮雙禮等擾湖南，命為甯南靖寇將軍，駐防荊州，佐經略洪承疇討之。 遣兵取心潭隘，斷巴東渡口，可望將趙世超、譚新傳、趙三才皆降。 俄，可望與定國內訌，戰不勝，亦來降。 上命偕都統濟席哈自湖南進取貴州。 十五年，與承疇會師常德，次辰州。 復沅陵、瀘溪、麻陽、黔陽、溆浦諸縣，進次沅州。 檄偏沅巡撫袁廓宇徇靖州，屯鎮遠二十里山口以禦敵。 雙禮部將馮天裕、閻廷桂等先後自平越降。 四月，師至貴州，明將羅大順收潰卒襲新添衛，擊敗之，洛讬與承疇守貴陽。 十六年，師還。 叙功，加授拖沙喇哈番，進一等鎮國將軍。 十七年，命為安南將軍，征鄭成功，大破之。 十一月，還。 康熙四年，卒。
At the start of Shunzhi he was freed. In the eighth year he was restored as a third-rank duke who stabilizes the state. In the thirteenth year he became gushan ejen of the Bordered Blue Manchu Banner. In the fourteenth year, as Sun Kewang, Li Dingguo, and Feng Shuangli ravaged Hunan, he was named General Who Pacifies the South, posted at Jingzhou, and assigned to assist coordinator Hong Chengchou. He seized Xintan Pass, severed the Badong crossing, and Kewang's generals Zhao Shichao, Tan Xinchuan, and Zhao Sancai submitted. Soon Kewang and Dingguo fell out, lost a battle, and Kewang surrendered as well. The emperor ordered him and Lieutenant-general Jixihai to advance from Hunan into Guizhou. In the fifteenth year he joined Chengchou at Changde and moved to Chenzhou. He retook Yuanling, Luxi, Mayang, Qianyang, and Xupu, and advanced to Yuanzhou. He ordered Bian-Yuan governor Yuan Kuoyu to operate through Jingzhou while his own force camped twenty li from Zhenyuan at Shankou to block the enemy. Feng Shuangli's officers Feng Tianyu and Yan Tinggui surrendered one after another from Pingyue. In the fourth month the army reached Guizhou; when Luo Dashun rallied broken troops against Xintian Guard they were beaten back, and Luotuo with Chengchou held Guiyang. The army returned in the sixteenth year. For his service he received the rank of tošan bahan and promotion to first-rank duke who stabilizes the state. In the seventeenth year, as General of Annan, he campaigned against Zheng Chenggong and won a great victory. He returned in the eleventh month. He died in Kangxi 4.
69
子富達禮，襲拜他喇布勒哈番世職。 旋改襲奉恩將軍。 八年，進一等輔國將軍。 坐諂索額圖，為其從弟所訐，削爵。
His son Fudali inherited the hereditary rank of bataran bahan. The line soon shifted to recipient of imperial grace general. In the eighth year he was raised to first-rank assistant duke general. Flattery of Songgotu brought impeachment by Songgotu's cousin and loss of his title.
70
通達郡王雅爾哈齊，顯祖第四子，太祖同母弟。 其生平不著。 順治十年五月，追封諡，配享太廟。
Prince of Tongda Ya'erhaqi was Emperor Xianzu's fourth son and Taizu's younger uterine brother. His life is not recorded in detail. In the fifth month of Shunzhi 10 he received posthumous enfeoffment and was granted joint sacrifice in the Imperial Ancestral Temple.
71
篤義剛果貝勒巴雅喇，顯祖第五子。 初授台吉。 歲戊戌正月，太祖命偕褚英伐安楚拉庫路，夜取屯寨二十，降萬餘人，賜號卓禮克圖，譯言「篤義」。 歲丁未五月，伐東海窩集部，取赫席赫、鄂謨和蘇魯、佛訥赫托克索三路，俘二千人。 天命九年，卒。 順治十年，追封諡。
Bayala, Beile of Sincere Righteousness and Bold Achievement, was Emperor Xianzu's fifth son. He was first made taiji. In the first month of the wuxu year Taizu sent him with Cuying against the Antuchalu route; in a night assault they took twenty villages and subdued more than ten thousand people, earning the style Zhuolikeitu—"sincere righteousness." In the fifth month of the dingwei year he attacked the Eastern Sea Woji, seized the Hexihe, Emohesulu, and Fonehetuokesuo routes, and took two thousand captives. He died in Tianming 9. In Shunzhi 10 he received posthumous enfeoffment and a posthumous title.
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子拜音圖，事太宗，授三等昂邦章京、鑲黃旗固山額真。 崇德元年五月，從武英郡王阿濟格略保定，攻安肅，克之。 十月，獻所獲於篤恭殿，上以拜音圖戰不忘君，深嘉之。 從伐朝鮮，騎入城，收其輜重。 三年，從睿親王多爾袞伐明，偕固山額真圖爾格敗敵董家口，毀邊牆入，克青山關下城。 六年，拜音圖弟鞏阿岱從大軍圍錦州，臨陣退撓，下王大臣鞫其罪，拜音圖拂袖出，坐徇庇，論死，命奪爵職，罰鍰贖罪。 尋率師助多爾袞攻錦州，復偕多鐸圍松山。 七年，復授固山額真。 順治二年，從多鐸西征，敗敵潼關，封一等鎮國將軍，賜繡服一襲。 復從南征，克揚州，又以舟師破其兵於江南岸，偕貝子博洛下杭州。 叙功，賜金八十、銀四千、鞍馬一。 三年，授三等公。 五年，進貝子。 從阿濟格戍大同。 叛將薑瓖既死，餘黨猶分據郡邑。 六年，拔沁州，復圍瓖將胡國鼎于潞安，殲其衆，進貝勒。 鞏阿岱事多爾袞，最見信任，累進封貝子。 多爾袞既薨，坐黨附罪，死。 拜音圖亦牽連，削爵，幽禁，削宗籍。 嘉慶四年，仁宗命復宗籍，賜紅帶。 鞏阿岱裔孫伊裏布，自有傳。
His son Baiyintu served Taizong as third-rank angbang janggin and gushan ejen of the Bordered Yellow Banner. In the fifth month of Chongde 1 he joined Prince Wu Ying Ajige in raiding Baoding, attacked Ansu, and captured it. In the tenth month he presented spoils in the Hall of Reverent Respect; the ruler praised him warmly for fighting without forgetting his sovereign. On the Korean campaign he rode into the city and seized its baggage. In the third year he joined Dorgon's Ming invasion; with gushan ejen Turgene he routed the enemy at Dongjiakou, broke through the border wall, and took the lower town at Qingshan Pass. In the sixth year his brother Gongadai, besieging Jinzhou with the main army, hung back in battle; princes and ministers were ordered to judge him. Baiyintu stormed out in protest; charged with shielding him, he faced death but was stripped of rank and fined instead. He soon led troops to help Dorgon at Jinzhou and joined Dodo in the Songshan siege. In the seventh year he was restored as gushan ejen. In Shunzhi 2 he followed Dodo west, routed the enemy at Tong Pass, was made first-rank duke who stabilizes the state, and received an embroidered robe. On the southern campaign he took Yangzhou, smashed enemy forces on the south bank with the fleet, and with Beizi Boluo captured Hangzhou. For his service he received eighty taels of gold, four thousand of silver, and a saddle horse. In the third year he was made a third-rank duke. In the fifth year he was raised to beizi. He garrisoned Datong under Ajige. After rebel general Jiang Xiang's death, his followers still held towns across the region. In the sixth year he seized Qin Prefecture, besieged Jiang's general Hu Guoding at Lu'an, destroyed his force, and was raised to beile. Gongadai served Dorgon and enjoyed his fullest trust, rising repeatedly to beizi. After Dorgon's death he was executed for factional loyalty to him. Baiyintu was implicated as well: stripped of rank, imprisoned, and removed from the clan register. In Jiaqing 4 Emperor Renzong restored the clan register and granted a red sash. Gongadai's descendant Yilibu is treated in a separate biography.