Volume 402 Biographies 189: Wu Lantai, Zhang Rui, Chang Shou, Dong Guangjia, Shao Heling, Deng Shaoliang, Shi Yulong, Zhou Tianshou younger brother: Tian Pei, Tian Fu, Rao Tingxuan, Wen Rui, Peng Siju, Zhang Yuliang, Lu Zhanao, Liu Jisan, Shuang Lai, Qu Tenglong, Wang Guocai, Hu Kun Yuan, Dai Wenying

烏蘭泰，字遠芳，滿洲正紅旗人。由火器營鳥槍護軍從征回疆有功，升藍翎長，累擢護軍參領、營總、翼長。軍政卓異，道光二十七年，擢廣東副都統。善訓練，講求火器。

Wu Lantai, whose courtesy name was Yuanfang, came from the Plain Red Banner of the Manchus. He had begun as a musket guard in the Firearms Brigade; service in the Xinjiang campaigns earned him promotion to Blue Feather Chief, and he rose in turn to guard deputy commander, battalion commander, and wing commander. Marked out as outstanding in the military administration review, he was appointed vice commander of Guangdong in the twenty-seventh year of the Daoguang reign (1847). He excelled at drill and took special care with firearms.

咸豐元年，廣西匪熾，詔烏蘭泰幫辨軍務，選帶適用器械及得力章京兵丁赴軍，以廣東綠營精兵五百人隸之。四月，偕向榮、秦定三等圍賊於武宣，賊竄象州，自請治罪。詔以其初至，免議，命偕向榮節制鎮將。時軍中將帥不和，文宗憂之，密諭烏蘭泰實陳勿隱。上疏略曰：「週天爵奏向榮曲徇其子，致失眾心，不為無因。武宣之役，秦定三、周鳳岐、張敬修連營防禦，其堵剿不利，追賊遲延，咎當同任。天爵劾定三、鳳岐，不及敬修，人心不服。向榮將官傅春、和春失利，天爵責定三不並力，後訪知實非退縮，諉為向榮推卸之言。因之天爵、榮、定三皆有隙。天爵年老，直強、耳輭，其子光岳干預，致失人心。」又言：「向榮初勦賊屢捷，未免輕賊。及其子招嫌，楚兵藉口，遂多諉卸。然在軍鎮將無及榮者。更易其兵，仍可立功。」上下其疏，命賽尚阿覈奏，賽尚阿請不咎既往，令烏蘭泰與向榮分任軍事，以專責成。

When banditry surged in Guangxi in the first year of Xianfeng (1851), the court ordered Wu Lantai to help manage the war effort. He was to bring useful arms and capable staff and troops to the front, with five hundred picked Guangdong Green Standard soldiers assigned to him. In the fourth month he joined Xiang Rong and Qin Dingsan in besieging the rebels at Wuxuan, but the rebels broke out toward Xiangzhou, and Wu Lantai asked that he himself be punished. Because he had only just reached the front, the court declined to pursue the matter and instructed him to work with Xiang Rong in directing the regional commanders. Discord among the commanders worried Emperor Wenzong, who secretly told Wu Lantai to speak plainly and withhold nothing. In a memorial he wrote, in part: "Zhou Tianjue charged that Xiang Rong showed favor to his son and lost the army's confidence; that complaint was not groundless. At Wuxuan, Qin Dingsan, Zhou Fengqi, and Zhang Jingxiu had lined up camp after camp on the defensive; their blocking actions failed and the pursuit lagged, and responsibility ought to fall on all of them alike. Tianjue had impeached Dingsan and Fengqi but not Jingxiu, which left the troops unconvinced. When Xiang Rong's subordinates Fu Chun and He Chun were beaten, Tianjue blamed Dingsan for failing to cooperate; inquiry later showed there had been no real retreat, only words by which Xiang Rong shifted the blame. From this sprang mutual ill will among Tianjue, Xiang Rong, and Dingsan. Tianjue was elderly, obstinate yet easily swayed; his son Guangyue interfered in affairs, and he too lost the army's trust." He added: "In the early campaigns Xiang Rong won victory after victory and came to underestimate the rebels. Once his son became a source of resentment, the Hunan soldiers used it as an excuse, and he began to pass blame to others far more often. Even so, among the regional commanders in the field none equaled Xiang Rong. Replace his troops and he could still win distinction." The court circulated his memorial and ordered Sai Shang'a to investigate. Sai Shang'a recommended letting bygones be bygones and dividing command between Wu Lantai and Xiang Rong so that each could be held to a clear account.

賊踞象州中坪，烏蘭泰督貴州三鎮兵，由羅秀進梁山村，逼近賊巢。賊乘駐營未定，猛撲，連擊敗之，殪賊千餘。是年秋，賊竄桂平新墟，烏蘭泰分四路進攻，破伏賊於莫村，一日七戰皆捷，斬級數千，賜花翎。賊屯紫荊山，新墟為山前門戶，雙髻山、豬仔峽為山後要隘，負隅死拒。向榮偕巴清德連奪雙髻山、豬仔峽，合攻風門坳，破之。進逼新墟，迭攻不下，其附近村落掃蕩幾盡。閏八月，賊編木牌欲渡河，烏蘭泰迭擊，大敗之，詔嘉獎，加都統銜。於是賊棄新墟他竄，向榮等追至平南，敗績，賊遂陷永安州。烏蘭泰追至，戰於水竇、圞嶺，皆大捷，賜黃馬褂。永安地險，賊皆死黨固結，僅烏蘭泰一軍久戰已疲，故不能制之。

The rebels were entrenched at Zhongping in Xiangzhou. Wu Lantai led the forces of Guizhou's three regional commands from Luoxiu toward Liangshan village and closed on their lair. The rebels rushed him while his camp was still unsettled, but he beat them back again and again and killed more than a thousand of them. That autumn the rebels withdrew to Xinxu in Guiping. Wu Lantai advanced on four fronts, routed an ambush at Mo village, and fought seven engagements in a single day, winning every one and taking several thousand heads. The court awarded him the peacock feather. The rebels held Zijing Mountain, with Xinxu as the gateway before it and Shuangji Mountain and Zhuzai Gorge as the key passes behind; they fought from their stronghold as if they had no way out. Xiang Rong and Ba Qingde took Shuangji Mountain and Zhuzai Gorge in succession, then joined in storming Fengmen'ao and carried it. They pressed toward Xinxu but failed to take it despite repeated assaults, though the surrounding villages were nearly cleared out. In the intercalary eighth month the rebels built rafts to cross the river; Wu Lantai attacked them again and again and routed them completely. The throne commended him and promoted him to commander-in-chief. The rebels then abandoned Xinxu and broke away. Xiang Rong pursued as far as Pingnan but was beaten, and the rebels went on to seize Yong'an. Wu Lantai followed up and fought at Shuidou and Tuanling, winning decisive victories in both places. He was given the yellow riding jacket. Yong'an was difficult country, and the rebels were fanatically loyal and tightly knit. Wu Lantai alone had borne the brunt for so long that his troops were exhausted, and for that reason the enemy could not be brought to heel.

向榮自平南敗後被譴，託病逗留梧州、平樂者兩月有餘。至冬始抵永安，攻北路，烏蘭泰攻南路，毀水竇賊巢。向榮亦進奪槓嶺要隘，合擊迭挫賊。賽尚阿親蒞督戰，期在必克。江忠源號知兵，隸烏蘭泰軍，倚其贊助；每言賊凶悍，久蔓將不可製，必聚而殲之。烏蘭泰主鎖圍困賊，向榮謂圍城缺一面，乃古法，宜縱賊出擊，兩人意不合。會榮克城西砲台，二年元旦，同詣賽尚阿賀歲。賽尚阿遇榮特優，烏蘭泰憤甚，忠源解之，然益不相能。忠源以母憂，辭歸。時嚴詔促戰，春雨連旬，士卒疲困。二月，賊棄城冒雨夜走，北犯桂林。烏蘭泰率兵急追至昭平山中，路險雨滑，為賊所乘，敗績，總兵長瑞、長壽、董光甲、邵鶴齡死之。向榮徑收州城，由間道趨桂林，先賊至。烏蘭泰踵賊後，戰於南門外，爭將軍橋，砲中右腿，創甚，退屯陽朔，越二十日卒於軍。烏蘭泰忠勇為諸將冠，文宗深惜之，賜銀一千兩治喪，予輕車都尉世職，諡武壯。

Censured after his defeat at Pingnan, Xiang Rong claimed illness and remained at Wuzhou and Pingle for more than two months. He did not reach Yong'an until winter, when he took the northern line while Wu Lantai attacked from the south and destroyed the rebel base at Shuidou. Xiang Rong also pushed forward and took the strategic pass at Gangling; fighting together, the two commanders drove the rebels back again and again. Sai Shang'a came to the front in person to direct operations, determined that the city must fall. Jiang Zhongyuan, renowned as a soldier of real ability, served under Wu Lantai, who leaned heavily on his counsel; and he kept warning that the rebels were savage fighters, that if the revolt were allowed to spread it would soon be beyond control, and that the enemy must be cornered and destroyed in one blow. Wu Lantai wanted a complete encirclement, but Xiang Rong argued that leaving one side open was the classical way to besiege a city and that the rebels should be let out and then struck down. The two men could not agree. After Xiang Rong took the western batteries, both commanders called on Sai Shang'a on New Year's Day of the second year to offer their greetings. Sai Shang'a showed Xiang Rong conspicuous favor, which infuriated Wu Lantai. Jiang Zhongyuan tried to mediate, but the two commanders grew even more hostile to each other. Jiang Zhongyuan then left the army to observe mourning for his mother. Strict orders from the court pressed for action, but spring rains lasted for weeks and the troops were worn down. In the second month the rebels evacuated the city and slipped away north through the rain toward Guilin. Wu Lantai hurried after them into the Zhaoping hills, where treacherous paths and rain-slick ground let the rebels turn on him. His force was shattered, and the regional commanders Chang Rui, Chang Shou, Dong Guangjia, and Shao Heling were killed. Xiang Rong marched straight to reoccupy the prefectural seat, took a side road to Guilin, and reached the city ahead of the rebels. Wu Lantai came up behind the rebels and fought outside the south gate for control of Jiangjun Bridge. A cannon ball struck his right leg and left him badly wounded. He fell back to Yangshuo and died in camp twenty days later. Wu Lantai's loyalty and valor had been unmatched among the commanders. Emperor Wenzong mourned him deeply, granted a thousand taels of silver for his funeral, conferred the hereditary rank of Commandant of Light Chariots, and posthumously titled him Wuzhuang (Stalwart in War).

長瑞、長壽，瓜爾佳氏，滿洲正白旗人。父塔思哈，道光初，官喀什噶爾幫辦大臣。叛回張格爾作亂，殉難，予騎都尉世職。長瑞襲世職，授三等侍衛，累擢直隸天津鎮總兵；長壽以廕授藍翎侍衛，累擢甘肅涼州鎮總兵：並從賽尚阿赴廣西剿匪，同領湖南兵。長瑞戰風門坳有功，新墟禦賊失利，奪職留營。及賊由永安出竄，從烏蘭泰躡追至龍寮嶺，地險，左右止勿進。長瑞曰：「軍令孰敢違者！死耳，勿復言。」以母老，令長壽毋相從，長壽泣曰：「貪生忘國，非孝也。」卒偕行。值大霧，賊以巨砲扼山間。軍士兩日不得食，為賊衝潰踐踏，死無算。長壽墜馬，長瑞挺矛救之，身被數十創，同遇害。文宗以其父子兄弟皆死難，深惜之，並贈提督，予騎都尉兼雲騎尉世職。存問其母，賜銀三百兩。長瑞諡武壯，長壽諡勤勇，於永安建祠曰雙忠，同死者附祀焉。

Chang Rui and Chang Shou belonged to the Guwalgiya clan and came from the Plain White Banner of the Manchus. Their father Tasiha had served in the early Daoguang era as assistant minister at Kashgar. When the Muslim rebel Zhang Ge'er rose in revolt, Tasiha died in the fighting, and his family received the hereditary rank of Cavalry Commandant. Chang Rui inherited the family rank, was made a third-rank imperial bodyguard, and rose in time to regional commander of the Tianjin garrison in Zhili; Chang Shou entered service by yin privilege as a Blue Feather bodyguard and eventually became regional commander of the Liangzhou garrison in Gansu. Both brothers followed Sai Shang'a to Guangxi and commanded Hunan troops together. Chang Rui distinguished himself at Fengmen'ao but was defeated defending Xinxu; he was dismissed from his post yet kept with the army. When the rebels broke out of Yong'an, he followed Wu Lantai in pursuit to Longliao Ridge. The terrain was treacherous, and his officers begged him to halt. Chang Rui replied, "Who would dare disobey an order from headquarters? We die, that is all—say no more." Their mother was elderly, and Chang Rui told Chang Shou to stay behind. Chang Shou wept and said, "To cling to life and forget one's country is not filial piety." In the end he went with his brother. A thick fog descended, and the rebels blocked the mountain defiles with heavy guns. The troops had not eaten for two days. The rebel charge broke their ranks, and men were trampled underfoot until the dead could not be counted. Chang Shou was thrown from his horse. Chang Rui spurred forward with his spear to save him, took dozens of wounds, and both brothers were killed. Emperor Wenzong mourned a family in which father, sons, and brothers had all died for the dynasty. He posthumously promoted both brothers to provincial commander-in-chief and granted the combined hereditary ranks of Cavalry Commandant and Cloud Cavalry Commandant. He sent condolences to their mother and granted her three hundred taels of silver. Chang Rui received the posthumous title Wuzhuang and Chang Shou the title Qinyong (Diligent and Brave). A shrine called Twin Loyalty was raised at Yong'an, with the others who fell that day enshrined beside them.

董光甲，直隸河間人。嘉慶十四年武進士，授守備。累擢河南河北鎮總兵。從向榮攻永安，奪槓嶺、摩天嶺、天鵝嶺諸要隘。追賊至昭平，迭擊賊於古束、龍寮嶺，次黃茆嶺。賊反撲，力戰死之，贈提督，予騎都尉兼雲騎尉世職，諡勇烈。

Dong Guangjia came from Hejian in Zhili. He took the military jinshi in the fourteenth year of Jiaqing (1809) and was appointed garrison commander. He rose in time to regional commander of the Hebei garrison in Henan. Serving under Xiang Rong at Yong'an, he took the strategic passes at Gangling, Motian Ridge, and Tian'e Ridge. He pursued the rebels to Zhaoping and fought them in succession at Gushu, Longliao Ridge, and then Huangmao Ridge. When the rebels turned on him, he fought to the death. He was posthumously made provincial commander-in-chief, granted the combined hereditary ranks of Cavalry and Cloud Cavalry Commandant, and titled Yonglie (Fierce and Upright).

邵鶴齡，山東招遠人。嘉慶二十五年進士，授三等侍衛。累擢湖北鄖陽鎮總兵。偕長瑞等同追賊龍寮嶺，殞於陣，予騎都尉兼雲騎尉世職，諡威確。

Shao Heling came from Zhaoyuan in Shandong. He passed the civil jinshi in the twenty-fifth year of Jiaqing (1820) and was made a third-rank imperial bodyguard. He eventually became regional commander of the Yunyang garrison in Hubei. He joined Chang Rui in the pursuit to Longliao Ridge and was killed in action. He received the combined hereditary ranks of Cavalry and Cloud Cavalry Commandant and the posthumous title Weique (Formidable and Steadfast).

鄧紹良，字臣若，湖南乾州廳人。由屯弁累擢守備。從剿崇陽土匪李沅發，率五百人破賊金峰嶺，擒沅發，擢都司，賜花翎、揚勇巴圖魯名號。遂從向榮赴廣西勦賊，潯州牛排嶺之戰，以精騎張左右翼，擊兩路賊，皆挫之。又戰象州、永安州，皆有功。咸豐元年，授楚雄協副將。二年，援桂林，屯西門，力戰卻賊。追賊入湖南，援長沙，入任城守，地雷發，持刀屹立，砲洞左臂，不動，殪先登賊，賊退，城复完，軍中稱其勇。洎賊解圍竄湖北，巴陵土匪晏仲武勾結肆掠，紹良偕總兵阿勒經阿剿平之。

Deng Shaoliang, whose courtesy name was Chenruo, came from Qianzhou subprefecture in Hunan. He had begun as a garrison squad leader and rose step by step to garrison commander. Campaigning against the Chongyang bandit Li Yuanfa, he led five hundred men to break the rebels at Jinfeng Ridge and capture Li himself. He was promoted to battalion vice-commander and given the peacock feather and the honorific Baturu, Exalter of Valor. He then followed Xiang Rong to Guangxi. At Niupaiziling in Xunzhou he deployed elite cavalry on both flanks and drove back two rebel columns. He fought again at Xiangzhou and Yong'an and distinguished himself in both places. In the first year of Xianfeng (1851) he was appointed deputy commander of the Chuxiong garrison. In the second year he marched to relieve Guilin, held the west gate, and beat the rebels back in heavy fighting. He followed the rebels into Hunan and helped relieve Changsha, where he took charge of the defense. When a mine exploded he stood his ground with saber in hand; a cannon ball tore his left arm, yet he did not budge, cut down the first rebels over the wall, and drove the enemy back until the city was secure. The army acclaimed his valor. After the rebels raised the siege and withdrew into Hubei, the Baling bandit Yan Zhongwu joined in widespread looting. Deng Shaoliang and the regional commander Alejing'a crushed the disturbance.

三年，擢安徽壽春鎮總兵，詔率所部從向榮援江南，廷臣多薦紹良者，尋擢江南提督。榮令分剿鎮江踞賊，進擊觀音山，合攻瓜洲，皆捷。逼城而軍，賊設伏北固山下，而自城突出撲營，火四起，官軍不能禦。退守丹陽，褫職議罪，仍隸向榮軍，帶罪自效。賊兩次窺伺東壩，榮令紹良擊走之。四年，克太平，紹良移軍駐守，又破賊採石。向榮疏陳戰功，為乞免罪，允之。時賊由蕪湖窺徽州、寧國，紹良屯黃池，賊酋石國宗糾各路賊萬餘來犯。紹良兵少，設伏山溝，多張疑兵，誘賊入，痛殲之。五年春，賊复乘夜撲營。伏槍砲，俟近驟發，殲賊無算。詔嘉紹良力遏賊鋒，保全甚大，予三品頂戴，复花翎。賊既退歸，复圖襲徽、寧，以窺浙境。紹良奉命馳往，統各路援兵，至則簡精銳，伏要隘伺擊，屢破賊，克婺源、黟、石埭諸縣，复提督銜。賊聚於蕪湖，窺南陵、黃池。紹良由灣沚進剿，連破賊，焚其舟，遂剋蕪湖，授陝西提督。

In the third year he was made regional commander of the Shouchun garrison in Anhui and ordered to bring his troops with Xiang Rong to the Jiangnan front. Many officials at court spoke for him, and he was soon appointed provincial commander-in-chief of Jiangnan. Xiang Rong sent him to clear rebels from Zhenjiang, attack Guanyin Mountain, and join the assault on Guazhou. He won every engagement. He pressed close to the city walls, but the rebels ambushed his force below Beigu Mountain and sallied from the city to overrun the camp. Fires broke out everywhere, and the government troops could not hold. He fell back to Danyang, was dismissed and marked for punishment, but remained with Xiang Rong's army to redeem himself in the field. When the rebels twice tested Dongba, Xiang Rong sent Deng Shaoliang to drive them away. In the fourth year Taiping fell. Deng Shaoliang garrisoned the city and then defeated the rebels at Caishi. Xiang Rong memorialized his victories and asked that his punishment be set aside; the court agreed. Rebels from Wuhu were threatening Huizhou and Ningguo. Deng Shaoliang held Huangchi when the rebel leader Shi Guozong mustered more than ten thousand men from several bands and attacked. Though his force was small, he laid an ambush in a mountain gorge, spread decoys widely, drew the rebels in, and cut them to pieces. That spring the rebels again rushed his camp by night. He hid muskets and cannon, waited until they were close, and opened fire without warning, killing rebels beyond number. The throne praised him for bluntly checking the rebel advance and saving the region from great harm, gave him the third-rank official's button, and restored his peacock feather. When the rebels withdrew they soon turned again toward Huizhou and Ningguo, probing toward Zhejiang. Ordered to the scene at once, he took command of reinforcements from every direction, picked elite troops on arrival, and ambushed the rebels at key passes. He won repeated victories, recovered Wuyuan, Yi, and Shidi, and was restored to provincial commander-in-chief. The rebels massed at Wuhu and threatened Nanling and Huangchi. Deng Shaoliang advanced from Wanzhi, defeated them in a series of engagements, burned their boats, and took Wuhu. He was then appointed provincial commander-in-chief of Shaanxi.

六年春，江寧賊上竄，踞倉頭鎮，勢甚熾。向榮令紹良往督戰，而諸將意不愜，轉不盡力，於是戰不利，紹良受傷，坐褫花翎。德興阿軍潰，揚州陷。詔紹良渡江赴援，幫辦江北軍務。破藥王廟賊壘，環攻揚州六晝夜，克之，又追破賊於三汊河。會寧國告陷，復命幫辦皖南軍務。移軍赴援，扼金河橋，大破賊於東溪橋，又迭擊賊於涇縣，挫之，調浙江提督。賊糾黨數万來援，敗之於楊柳鋪。副將周天受遇賊夏家渡，戰未利。紹良乘隙縱擊，賊大潰，遂督諸軍連奪夏家渡、團山諸賊壘，破七里岡賊巢，進攻寧國，十二月，克之。七年，丁母憂，奪情留軍。紹良以寧國為浙之屏蔽，而涇縣為咽喉要衝，屯軍扼之，賊屢犯不得逞。既而大軍复鎮江、瓜洲，急攻江寧，賊圖牽掣，大舉犯南陵，紹良擊走之。八年，進屯灣沚。賊合捻匪踞黃池，紹良回援，出賊不意，大破其眾，复黃池。會浙江軍事日棘，分兵赴援。十一月，賊乘虛悉馬步數万鵕而涉水，斷黃池山後接應，突攻灣沚營壘。總兵戴文英由江寧來援，戰歿，遂合圍。軍中餉絀食盡，紹良舉火自燔其營，率親兵血戰，死之。

In the spring of the sixth year rebels from Nanjing broke north and seized Cangtou town with great force. Xiang Rong sent Deng Shaoliang to direct the fighting, but the other generals resented the assignment and held back. The battle went badly, Shaoliang was wounded, and he lost his peacock feather as punishment. Degxing'a's army broke, and Yangzhou fell. The throne commanded Shaoliang to cross the Yangtze and join the relief effort, with responsibility for assisting in northern Jiang military affairs. He stormed the rebel stronghold at the Medicine King Temple, laid siege to Yangzhou for six days and nights until it fell, then pursued and routed the rebels at San Cha River. When news arrived that Ningguo had fallen, he was reassigned to assist in the defense of southern Anhui. He marched to the rescue, seized Jinhe Bridge, and inflicted a crushing defeat on the rebels at Dongxi Bridge. After a series of engagements at Jing County that checked the enemy advance, he was appointed provincial commander-in-chief of Zhejiang. When rebels mustered tens of thousands to reinforce the enemy, he defeated them at Yangliu Post. Vice General Zhou Tianshou clashed with the rebels at Xiajia Ferry, but the engagement went poorly. Shaoliang seized the opening and launched a fierce assault, sending the rebels into full rout. Leading the combined forces, he captured Xiajia Ferry, Tuanshan, and other rebel positions in succession, destroyed the stronghold at Qiligang, and besieged Ningguo — which fell in the twelfth month. In the seventh year of Xianfeng, upon his mother's death he was granted leave to mourn, yet the throne required him to remain at his post with the army. Shaoliang held that Ningguo shielded Zhejiang while Jing County guarded the crucial pass; by garrisoning troops there he foiled repeated rebel assaults. When the main army recaptured Zhenjiang and Guazhou and pressed the assault on Jiangning, the rebels attempted to divert imperial forces with a major thrust against Nanling; Shaoliang repulsed them. In the eighth year he advanced and established camp at Wanzhi. Rebels allied with Nian bandits seized Huangchi; Shaoliang rushed back, surprised them, routed their army, and retook the city. As the military situation in Zhejiang deteriorated daily, he dispatched a detachment to assist. In the eleventh month, exploiting his weakened position, the rebels sent tens of thousands of cavalry and foot soldiers splashing through the shallows, severed his line of supply behind Mount Huangchi, and launched a surprise assault on the Wanzhi encampment. Commander Dai Wenying marched from Jiangning to relieve the siege but was killed in action, after which the rebels closed their encirclement completely. With supplies exhausted and provisions gone, Shaoliang set his own camp ablaze, led his bodyguard into a desperate fight, and fell in battle.

事聞，詔念紹良桂林、長沙保城前功，轉戰徽、寧之間，凡歷五載，力竭捐軀，深致憫惜。贈太子少保，予騎都尉兼雲騎尉世職，諡忠武。於殉難地方建專祠，並賜其父白金四百兩，子亨先候錄用。尋以遺骸不得，文宗尤憫之，賜亨先員外郎銜。後湖南巡撫駱秉章疏請附祀表忠祠，允之。

Upon report of his death, the throne recalled Shaoliang's earlier deeds in the defense of Guilin and Changsha, his five years of campaigning between Huizhou and Ningguo, and his ultimate sacrifice — and expressed profound sorrow. He was posthumously ennobled as Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent, awarded the combined hereditary ranks of Cavalry Commandant and Cloud Cavalry Commandant, and honored with the posthumous title Loyal and Martial. A memorial shrine was erected where he met his death; his father received four hundred taels of silver, and his son Hengxian was entered on the roster for imperial appointment. When his body could not be recovered, Emperor Wenzong showed special compassion and conferred on Hengxian the honorary rank of Vice Director. Later, Hunan Governor Luo Bingzhang petitioned that he be enshrined alongside others in the Hall of Loyalty; the request was granted.

石玉龍，湖南鳳凰廳人。以練勇從征，隸向榮、鄧紹良軍，積功至游擊。咸豐六年，總兵秦如虎駐防涇縣，以憂去，代者難其人，紹良薦玉龍，以游擊充統將。玉龍感奮，遇戰益力。從紹良复灣沚、黃池，又破賊萬級嶺，累擢副將。九年冬，賊大舉犯涇縣，迎擊於藍山嶺，初勝，賊至益眾，圍之數重，身被十餘創而殞，贈總兵加提督銜，諡剛介。

Shi Yulong was a native of Fenghuang in Hunan. He entered service as a militiaman under Xiang Rong and Deng Shaoliang, rising through merit to the rank of colonel. In the sixth year of Xianfeng, when Commander Qin Ruhu, garrisoned at Jing County, resigned to mourn a parent and no suitable successor could be found, Shaoliang recommended Yulong to command the force in the capacity of colonel. Deeply moved and energized, Yulong fought with redoubled fervor in every engagement. Under Shaoliang he helped retake Wanzhi and Huangchi and defeated the rebels at Wanji Ridge, earning successive promotions to vice general. In the winter of the ninth year, when rebels launched a major assault on Jing County, he intercepted them at Lanshan Ridge. Though he won the first clash, enemy numbers swelled until he was encircled layer upon layer; he sustained more than ten wounds and fell. He was posthumously promoted to regional commander with the brevet rank of provincial commander-in-chief and honored with the posthumous title Steadfast and Upright.

週天受，字百祿，四川巴縣人。咸豐初，從向榮勦賊廣西，轉戰湖南、湖北、江南，積功至游擊，賜號沙拉嗎依巴圖魯。五年，皖南軍事亟，前江西巡撫張芾治徽、寧兩郡防務，乞援於向榮，乃令天受率川兵赴援，偕諸軍克婺源、休寧、石埭。六年，援太平，連破賊於花橋、西溪，進規涇縣。大敗賊於雙坑寺，復其城，擢副將。會休寧復為賊踞，官軍戰不利，張芾檄天受助剿，連捷。進毀石嶺、萬安街賊壘，會攻休寧，再复之，以總兵記名。七年，再复婺源，授福建漳州鎮總兵。賊踞陵陽鎮，值中秋令節，夜半出不意縱火攻之，盡毀賊營。复破賊於祁門五里牌，搗其巢，擒斬甚眾。八年，援浙江，將軍福興令守衢州。天受以浙西完善地，不可為賊擾，主扼樟樹潭。賊竄龍遊，天受留軍守壘，自率千人趨湯溪、宣平，賊引去。

Zhou Tianshou, courtesy name Bailu, was a native of Ba County in Sichuan. In the early Xianfeng years he served under Xiang Rong against the rebels in Guangxi, then fought across Hunan, Hubei, and Jiangnan, rising through merit to colonel and receiving the honorific title Shalamayibaturu. In the fifth year, as the crisis in southern Anhui deepened, former Jiangxi Governor Zhang Fei, charged with the defenses of Huizhou and Ningguo, appealed to Xiang Rong for aid. Tianshou was sent with Sichuan troops and, joining the imperial forces, captured Wuyuan, Xiuning, and Shidi. In the sixth year he marched to relieve Taiping, won successive victories at Huaqiao and Xixi, and pressed toward the recovery of Jing County. He routed the rebels at Shuangkeng Temple and retook the city, earning promotion to vice general. When Xiuning fell again to the rebels and imperial forces faltered, Zhang Fei dispatched Tianshou to assist; he won a string of victories. He destroyed the rebel strongholds at Shiling and Wan'an Street, joined the assault on Xiuning, and retook the city, being marked for appointment as regional commander. In the seventh year he recaptured Wuyuan and was appointed regional commander of the Zhangzhou garrison in Fujian. When rebels held Lingyang Town, he struck on the Mid-Autumn night with a surprise fire attack that burned their camps to the ground. He again routed the rebels at Wulipai in Qimen, stormed their base, and killed or captured a great number. In the eighth year he was sent to relieve Zhejiang; General Fuxing assigned him to hold Quzhou. Tianshou argued that western Zhejiang, still intact, must not be yielded to the rebels, and insisted on holding Zhangshutan. When the rebels slipped toward Longyou, Tianshou left a garrison in place and personally led a thousand men in a rapid march on Tangxi and Xuanping, forcing the enemy to withdraw.

和春疏言天受知兵，能佔先著，而力單，遣其弟天培往助之，詔加提督銜，督辦浙江防剿事宜。天受嚴守金華，令天培复武義，又會江南軍复永康。張芾劾其驕縱，縱兵搶掠，詔罷總統，仍責勦賊。天受方連克縉雲、宣平、溫州，於是浙江巡撫晏端書疏陳援浙功，為白被劾之枉。詔以浙事漸平，命偕弟天培及總兵饒廷選等進援福建，連戰皆捷，复浦城，而賊回竄江西，复犯皖南。命署湖南提督，回軍防徽州，節制諸軍，從張芾之請也。九年，進軍寧國，賊犯石埭、太平、涇縣，皆遣將擊走之。十年春，官軍連捷於涇縣、旌德，賊復入浙境，坐防剿不力，褫勇號，革職留任。

He Chun reported that Tianshou was a capable commander who could seize the initiative but lacked sufficient force, and sent his younger brother Tianpei to assist. The throne conferred on him the brevet rank of provincial commander-in-chief and placed him in charge of Zhejiang's defense and pacification. Tianshou held Jinhua firmly, sent Tianpei to retake Wuyi, and joined Jiangnan forces in recovering Yongkang. Zhang Fei impeached him for arrogance, indiscipline, and condoning looting by his troops; the throne stripped him of supreme command but still held him responsible for suppressing the rebels. Tianshou was then winning a succession of victories at Jinyun, Xuanping, and Wenzhou; Zhejiang Governor Yan Duanshu memorialized in his defense, detailing his service in Zhejiang and refuting the charges against him. As Zhejiang grew more secure, the throne ordered him, together with Tianpei, Commander Rao Tingxuan, and others, to advance into Fujian. They won every engagement and retook Pucheng, but the rebels doubled back into Jiangxi and again threatened southern Anhui. At Zhang Fei's request, he was appointed acting provincial commander-in-chief of Hunan, recalled to defend Huizhou, and placed in command of the regional forces. In the ninth year he marched on Ningguo; whenever rebels threatened Shidi, Taiping, or Jing County, he sent subordinates to repulse them. In the spring of the tenth year, imperial forces won repeated victories at Jing County and Jingde, yet the rebels again crossed into Zhejiang. For failing to contain them, he was stripped of his honorific title and dismissed from office, though kept on duty.

時江南大營再潰，軍事愈棘。張芾疏言：「寧防將弁大半籍隸湖南，皆鄧紹良舊部，習氣甚深。天受雖力求整頓，轉滋疑謗，請歸曾國籓節制。」國籓亦言其兵不可用，別調募新軍，倉猝不能至。天受偕江長貴再复涇縣，而賊糾大股犯寧國，勢甚張，天受激勵飢軍力禦。既而徽州陷，餉道梗絕，遣去城中居民萬餘，誓以身殉。八月，兵敗於廟埠。天受督隊守北門，大雨，火器不燃，城陷，巷戰死之。詔复天受原官，予騎都尉兼雲騎尉世職，諡忠壯；以其弟天培、天孚先皆殉節，命於四川省城及本縣合建專祠。

By then the main Jiangnan army had collapsed once more, and the military situation grew desperate. Zhang Fei wrote: "Most of the officers and men defending Ningguo are Hunan men on the rolls, veterans of Deng Shaoliang's command, and deeply set in their old ways. Though Tianshou has tried hard to impose discipline, his efforts have only bred suspicion and resentment. I ask that these troops be placed under Zeng Guofan's command." Zeng Guofan likewise declared the troops unfit for service and ordered new forces raised, but they could not arrive in time. Tianshou and Jiang Changgui retook Jing County, but the rebels mustered a large force against Ningguo with overwhelming momentum; Tianshou rallied his starving troops and threw them into the defense. When Huizhou fell and supply lines were severed, he evacuated more than ten thousand civilians from the city and vowed to die defending it. In the eighth month his forces were defeated at Miaobu. Tianshou held the north gate under his direct command. A downpour dampened the gunpowder; the city fell, and he died fighting in the streets. The throne restored his former rank, awarded the combined hereditary titles of Cavalry Commandant and Cloud Cavalry Commandant, and honored him with the posthumous name Loyal and Stalwart; Because his brothers Tianpei and Tianfu had already died in the service of the dynasty, the court ordered a joint memorial shrine erected in the Sichuan provincial capital and in their home county.

天培，由行伍從征廣西，累擢守備，隸向榮軍。咸豐六年，從破高資蔡家窯及壩西賊壘，賜號衛勇巴圖魯。七年，克東壩，平寶堰賊巢。連戰於鄔山、尖山，克溧水，又破賊於鎮江虎頭山，累擢貴州定廣協副將。克瓜洲，以總兵記名。八年，授雲南鶴麗鎮總兵。先後偕張國樑破賊秣陵關及江寧南門外，功皆最。和春知其善戰，令赴浙江援其兄天受，迭克武義、龍泉，追賊入閩，克浦城。會江南、北軍事急，天培回援。九年春，賊分六路攻浦口，張國樑督諸軍禦戰，天培首先躍馬衝陣，各軍乘之，殲賊無算。賊築壘於雙陽、蕭家圩，別由九洑洲出悍眾來撲，天培分兵擊之，三戰三捷，功出諸將上，擢湖北提督，遂駐防浦口。是年冬，匪首陳玉成糾眾十餘萬犯江浦，天培乘其初至，痛殲之。既而賊麕集，後路為所抄襲，裹創血戰，力竭陣亡。優詔賜卹，贈太子少保，予騎都尉兼雲騎尉世職，諡武壯。

Tianpei rose from the ranks, campaigning in Guangxi under Xiang Rong, and was promoted through successive grades to garrison commander. In the sixth year of Xianfeng he took part in storming the rebel positions at Gaozi, Caijiayao, and Baxi, and received the honorific title Weiyong Baturu. In the seventh year he captured Dongba and destroyed the rebel base at Baoyan. After successive battles at Wushan and Jianshan he took Lishui and defeated the rebels at Hutou Mountain near Zhenjiang, earning repeated promotions to vice commander of the Dingguang Brigade in Guizhou. He captured Guazhou and was marked for appointment as regional commander. In the eighth year he was appointed regional commander of the Heli garrison in Yunnan. He fought alongside Zhang Guoliang to defeat the rebels at Miling Pass and outside Jiangning's south gate, distinguishing himself above the other generals. Recognizing his prowess, He Chun sent him to Zhejiang to aid his brother Tianshou. He captured Wuyi and Longquan in succession, pursued the rebels into Fujian, and took Pucheng. When crises erupted in Jiangnan and the north, Tianpei hurried back to assist. In the spring of the ninth year the rebels attacked Pukou along six routes. Zhang Guoliang directed the defense; Tianpei was first to spur his horse into the enemy lines, and the other units followed, slaughtering the rebels without number. When the rebels fortified Shuangyang and Xiaojiawei and sent a fierce column from Jiufuzhou to attack, Tianpei divided his force and met them in three successive victories, outperforming every other commander. He was promoted to provincial commander-in-chief of Hubei and stationed at Pukou. That winter the rebel leader Chen Yucheng mustered more than a hundred thousand men against Jiangpu; Tianpei struck as they were still arriving and inflicted a devastating defeat. When the rebels massed and cut off his retreat, he fought on despite his wounds until his strength gave out and he fell on the battlefield. The throne issued a special edict of condolence, posthumously ennobled him as Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent, awarded the combined hereditary ranks of Cavalry Commandant and Cloud Cavalry Commandant, and honored him with the posthumous name Martial and Stalwart.

天孚，從兄天受軍轉戰，以功洊保參將，留江蘇補用。咸豐九年，賊犯皖南，副將石玉龍戰死涇縣南山嶺。天孚屯灣沚，馳百里往援，要擊於章家渡，大破之，由是以驍勇名。尋援金壇，會諸軍連戰解其圍。十年，江南大營潰，閏三月，賊首李世賢大舉复圍金壇。天孚偕總兵蕭知音、參將艾得勝、知縣李淮同守之。淮素得人心，兵民合力，屢卻賊。時江南軍事大壞，孤城援絕。天孚馳書兄天受，始疏聞，屢詔促鎮江副都統巴棟阿偕總兵馮子材赴援，卒不至。凡守百四十餘日，糧盡，軍無固志。知音等原率兵民突圍走鎮江，淮不可，誓死守，乃中止。屢獲賊內應，斬之。城陷先一日，偵知將有變，竟夜登陴，至旦，分半隊休息，值大霧，叛兵遽起，先戕天孚。賊乃梯登，知音、得勝突圍出，淮死之。事聞，贈天孚總兵，予騎都尉世職，諡威毅。

Tianfu served in his elder brother Tianshou's command, rising through merit to regimental commander, and remained in Jiangsu awaiting formal appointment. In the ninth year of Xianfeng, when rebels invaded southern Anhui, Vice General Shi Yulong was killed at Nanshan Ridge in Jing County. Tianfu, encamped at Wanzhi, rode a hundred li to the rescue, intercepted the enemy at Zhangjiadu, and routed them — earning a reputation for fearless valor. He then marched to relieve Jintan and, joining allied forces in continuous fighting, broke the siege. In the tenth year, after the collapse of the main Jiangnan army, the rebel leader Li Shixian launched a major offensive and once again encircled Jintan in the intercalary third month. Tianfu defended the city alongside Commander Xiao Zhiyin, Regimental Commander Ai Desheng, and Magistrate Li Huai. Li Huai enjoyed the people's trust, and soldiers and civilians fought together to repulse repeated assaults. By then the military situation in Jiangnan had collapsed entirely, and the isolated city was beyond reach of any relief force. Tianfu wrote urgently to his brother Tianshou, and only then did word reach the court. Repeated imperial orders summoned Badong'a, vice commander of the Zhenjiang garrison, and Commander Feng Zicai to the rescue, but they never came. After more than a hundred and forty days of siege, provisions ran out and the garrison's resolve began to fail. Xiao Zhiyin and others proposed breaking out with soldiers and civilians toward Zhenjiang, but Li Huai refused and vowed to hold to the death, and the plan was abandoned. They repeatedly uncovered rebel collaborators inside the walls and executed them. On the eve of the city's fall, scouts detected that treachery was afoot. The defenders manned the walls all night; at dawn half the garrison was sent to rest. A thick fog rolled in, mutinous troops rose suddenly, and Tianfu was the first to be cut down. The rebels then scaled the walls. Xiao Zhiyin and Ai Desheng fought their way out, while Li Huai died defending the city. Upon report of his death, Tianfu was posthumously promoted to regional commander, awarded the hereditary rank of Cavalry Commandant, and honored with the posthumous name Formidable and Resolute.

饒廷選，字枚臣，福建侯官人。以行伍洊升千總。道光中，從剿台灣有功，擢守備。從水師提督竇振彪出洋擒海盜，擢漳州營都司。遷游擊，治匪無株連，得民心。咸豐三年，奉檄赴詔安治械鬥，而潮州會匪襲漳州，伏兵於城中突起，鎮道皆遇害。廷選聞變，間道馳還，號召鄉民千餘，城民應之。賊遁，旋復大至。廷選率鄉團固守，迭戰破賊，擒賊首謝厚等，遂署漳州鎮總兵。外剿內撫，期年始平。總督王懿德薦其才可大用，四年，授貴州安義鎮總兵，留署福建陸路提督。

Rao Tingxuan, courtesy name Meichen, was a native of Houguan in Fujian. He rose from the ranks through repeated promotions to company commander. During the Daoguang reign he served in the Taiwan campaign with distinction and was promoted to garrison commander. Serving under Naval Commander Dou Zhenbiao, he captured pirates at sea and was promoted to battalion commander of the Zhangzhou garrison. Promoted to colonel, he suppressed banditry without punishing the innocent by association and won popular trust. In the third year of Xianfeng he was dispatched to Zhao'an to quell armed feuds, but Chaozhou secret-society rebels struck Zhangzhou; hidden troops rose inside the city and both the garrison commander and the circuit intendant were slain. Hearing of the uprising, Tingxuan took a back route and rode hard to the city, rallying more than a thousand local militiamen to whom the townspeople rallied in turn. The rebels withdrew, but soon returned in strength. Tingxuan led the local militia in a stout defense, won repeated victories, captured rebel leaders including Xie Hou, and was appointed acting regional commander of the Zhangzhou garrison. Campaigning without and pacifying within, he restored order after a full year. Governor-General Wang Yide recommended him as a man of great capacity; in the fourth year he was appointed regional commander of the Anyi garrison in Guizhou while continuing to serve as acting provincial commander-in-chief of Fujian's land forces.

五年，粵匪陷廣信，浙江戒嚴。廷選赴援，扼衢州。尋楚軍克廣信，賊知浙境有備，走徽州。六年，賊酋楊輔清复圖廣信以擾浙。廣信兵僅數百，知府沈葆楨馳書告急。廷選方駐甲玉山，曰：「賊得廣信，則玉山不守，而浙危矣。」值大雨水漲，駛舟急行，抵廣信。賊已至城西太平橋，初諜城中無兵，及見旌旗，賊為奪氣。廷選所部僅千餘人，屢出奇擊賊。既而賊大至，部將畢定邦、賴高翔皆勇敢，獻計曰：「今賊不知我虛實，以我能戰，後路必有大兵。若稍退，賊追我，且立盡。當速決死戰。」廷選用其言，明日開城奮擊，自晨至日暮，毀其長圍，軍聲大振。越二日，賊引去，賜號西林巴圖魯。閩、浙大吏與江西督防者不慊，檄廷選速回師保浙。廷選待接防兵至始行，廣信民感其義。

In the fifth year, when Guangdong rebels captured Guangxin, Zhejiang was placed on high alert. Tingxuan marched to the relief and held Quzhou. Soon thereafter the Hunan army recovered Guangxin. Learning that Zhejiang was prepared, the rebels withdrew toward Huizhou. In the sixth year the rebel chieftain Yang Fuqing again plotted to seize Guangxin and raid Zhejiang. Guangxin held barely a few hundred soldiers; Prefect Shen Baozhen sent an urgent plea for help. Tingxuan was then encamped at Yushan and said, "If the rebels take Guangxin, Yushan cannot be held and all of Zhejiang will be in peril." Heavy rains had swollen the rivers; he put to boat at once and reached Guangxin. The rebels had already reached Taiping Bridge west of the city. Spies had first reported the town undefended; at the sight of banners and flags the enemy lost heart. Tingxuan had barely a thousand men under his command, yet again and again he struck the rebels with surprise attacks. Before long the rebels came in force. His officers Bi Dingbang and Lai Gaoxiang, both men of courage, offered a plan: "The rebels do not know our true strength. Because we have fought so fiercely, they must believe a great army waits behind us. If we fall back even a little, they will pursue us and we will be destroyed on the spot. We must decide at once on a battle to the death." Tingxuan took their advice. The next day he opened the gates and struck with all his might; from dawn to dusk he broke the long encirclement, and the army's spirit rose sharply. Two days later the rebels withdrew, and he was granted the honorific Xilin Baturol. Senior officials of Fujian and Zhejiang, together with the Jiangxi border-defense commander, were displeased and ordered Tingxuan to hurry back and defend Zhejiang. Tingxuan waited until relief troops arrived before he marched away, and the people of Guangxin were deeply moved by his devotion.

七年，調衢州鎮總兵，會皖軍克婺源。八年，賊首石達開大舉犯浙，廷選分軍援廣豐，自守衢州。賊驟至，穴地攻城，城圮者三，皆擊卻之，守七十餘日。巡撫晏端書劾其久未解圍，又失江山、常山、開化三縣，奪職。未幾，圍解，三縣皆复，授南贛鎮總兵。王懿德檄召回援閩境，以病未行，遽劾，革職留營。八年，會克連城、龍巖，仍補南贛鎮。曾國籓奏以代沈葆楨守廣信，從民望也。

In the seventh year he was made regional commander of the Quzhou garrison; about then the Anhui army recovered Wuyuan. In the eighth year the rebel leader Shi Dakai invaded Zhejiang in force. Tingxuan sent part of his army to relieve Guangfeng while he himself held Quzhou. The rebels came suddenly, tunneled beneath the walls, and three times brought sections of the ramparts down; each time he drove them back and held the city for more than seventy days. Provincial Governor Yan Duanshu impeached him for leaving the siege unresolved so long and for losing Jiangshan, Changshan, and Kaihua; he was dismissed from office. Not long afterward the siege lifted, all three counties were restored, and he received appointment as regional commander of the Nangan garrison. Wang Yide ordered him recalled to relieve Fujian, but illness kept him from marching; he was suddenly impeached, stripped of rank, and kept with the army. In the eighth year, when Liancheng and Longyan were recovered, he was restored to command of the Nangan garrison. Zeng Guofan memorialized that he should replace Shen Baozhen in holding Guangxin, yielding to the people's wishes.

十年，粵匪复犯浙，廷選赴援，复淳安，擢浙江提督。十一年秋，攻克嚴州，進規浦江，賊大至，不敵，退保諸暨，而杭州被圍急。巡撫王有齡促回援，廷選舊部僅漳勇數百、楚軍二千。事急，收集江南潰卒，皆不任戰，徒激忠義，勉以當賊。賊於城外海潮寺、鳳凰山為堅壁，隔絕內外。困守七十餘日，糧盡，士卒飢餓。十一月，城陷，巷戰死之，贈太子少保，予騎都尉兼雲騎尉世職，諡果壯。入祀昭忠祠，於杭州建專祠。兄廷傑，弟廷夔，同戰死，附祀焉。既而曾國籓、沈葆楨以廷選守廣信功，奏請建祠廣信，以副將畢定邦、賴高翔附祀。

In the tenth year, when Guangdong rebels again invaded Zhejiang, Tingxuan hurried to their aid, retook Chun'an, and was raised to provincial commander-in-chief of Zhejiang. In the autumn of the eleventh year he took Yanzhou and advanced on Pujiang; the rebels came in overwhelming force, he could not stand against them, and fell back to Zhuji even as Hangzhou was pressed hard by siege. Provincial Governor Wang Youlin urged him to hurry back to the relief; of Tingxuan's old command only a few hundred Zhangzhou militiamen and two thousand Hunan troops remained. The crisis was acute. He gathered routed soldiers from Jiangnan, none fit to fight; he could only rouse their loyalty and urge them to face the rebels. The rebels fortified Haichao Temple and Fenghuang Mountain outside the walls, severing the city from the outside world. After more than seventy days under siege, grain was exhausted and the soldiers went hungry. In the eleventh month the city fell; he died fighting in the streets. He was posthumously ennobled as Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent, granted the combined hereditary ranks of Cavalry Commandant and Cloud Cavalry Commandant, and honored with the posthumous title Resolute and Valiant. He was entered in the Shrine of Loyal Martyrs, and a dedicated shrine was raised for him at Hangzhou. His elder brother Tingjie and younger brother Tingkui fell in the same battle and were enshrined beside him. Later Zeng Guofan and Shen Baozhen, citing Tingxuan's merit in holding Guangxin, memorialized for a shrine at Guangxin with the brigade commanders Bi Dingbang and Lai Gaoxiang enshrined with him.

文瑞，克什克特恩氏，蒙古鑲藍旗人，荊州駐防。由驍騎校從軍，轉戰湖北、安徽，累擢江西撫標中軍參將。咸豐十年，赴援浙江，克餘杭，以總兵記名。解湖州圍，賜號唐木濟特依巴圖魯。授處州鎮總兵，進剿金華。賊圍浦江，文瑞嬰城固守，屢出奇破賊營，踰月乃陷，詔免其處分。回援杭州，入城助守，城陷死之，予騎都尉兼雲騎尉世職，諡果毅。

Wenrui, of the Keshiketen clan, was a Mongol bannerman of the Bordered Blue Banner, garrisoned at Jingzhou. Starting as a vanguard cavalry officer, he fought in Hubei and Anhui and eventually became deputy brigade commander of the Jiangxi provincial garrison's central battalion. In the tenth year of Xianfeng he marched to relieve Zhejiang, took Yuhang, and was entered on the rolls at regional commander rank. He lifted the siege of Huzhou and was granted the honorific Tangmujiteyi Baturol. He was appointed regional commander of the Chuzhou garrison and advanced to drive the rebels from Jinhua. When the rebels besieged Pujiang, Wenrui held the city in desperate defense, again and again breaking rebel camps with surprise attacks; only after more than a month did the city fall, and an edict spared him punishment. He returned to relieve Hangzhou, entered the city to help defend it, and died when the city fell. He was granted the combined hereditary ranks of Cavalry Commandant and Cloud Cavalry Commandant and honored with the posthumous title Resolute and Steadfast.

彭斯舉，湖南平江人。以團練勦賊，從李元度為平江軍營官。戰湖口、東鄉、貴溪、安仁、玉山，積功晉秩知府。元度罷去，留所部五營隸斯舉，始獨將一軍。會攻景德鎮，饒廷選見而器之，調援浙江，破賊於淳安，復其城，擢道員，留浙補用。駐守千秋關，賊大至，搏戰竟日，潰圍出，移防海寧。會攻嚴州，下之。進援廣信，而所部留駐常山者索餉譁潰，斯舉率親兵赴杭州，乞解軍事回籍，巡撫王有齡留管營務處。斯舉建議，省城米糧來自寧、紹，錢塘江距城三里，當築甬道，兵護之，運道乃無虞。未及行而賊至，城中竟以絕糧陷。斯舉分守湧金門，死之。

Peng Siju came from Pingjiang in Hunan. He organized local militia against bandits and served under Li Yuandu as an officer in the Pingjiang army camp. He fought at Hukou, Dongxiang, Guixi, Anren, and Yushan; with accumulated merit he rose to the rank of prefect. When Yuandu was removed, his five battalions were placed under Siju's command, and for the first time he led an army alone. During the attack on Jingdezhen, Rao Tingxuan marked him out and valued his talent; he was transferred to relieve Zhejiang, broke the rebels at Chun'an and recovered the city, was promoted to circuit intendant, and remained in Zhejiang awaiting appointment. He garrisoned Qianqiu Pass; when the rebels came in force he fought all day, broke through the encirclement, and shifted his defense to Haining. He joined the attack on Yanzhou and took the city. As he advanced to relieve Guangxin, troops he had left at Changshan mutinied for pay and scattered. Siju led his personal guard to Hangzhou and asked to be relieved of command and sent home, but Provincial Governor Wang Youlin kept him to manage camp affairs. Siju proposed that since the provincial capital's grain came from Ningbo and Shaoxing, and the Qiantang River lay three li from the city walls, a causeway should be built under military escort so the supply line would be safe. Before this could be done the rebels arrived, and the city ultimately fell for want of grain. Siju was posted to defend Yongjin Gate and died there.

張玉良，字璧田，四川巴縣人。咸豐初，由行伍從征廣西，積功至千總。四年，從向榮至江南，戰江寧城外，屢有功，累擢永州左營游擊。六年，敗賊於丹陽、金壇，賜號黽勇巴圖魯。又敗賊於溧水西門，毀其砲台，擢處州營參將。七年，克句容，加總兵銜，擢三江口協副將。破鎮江援賊於江濱，克鎮江，敘功以總兵記名。八年，大破江寧援賊，擢甘肅巴里坤總兵。攻太平、金川諸門，賊眾突出，痛殲之。馳援溧水，毀紅藍埠賊壘，克其城，斬賊千餘級，加提督銜。九月，會攻浦口，大捷。而九洑洲之賊來援，玉良率後隊截擊，賊大潰。十年春，遂乘勝克九洑洲，詔遇提督缺出題奏，尋調肅州鎮總兵。

Zhang Yuliang, styled Bitian, was born in Ba county, Sichuan. At the beginning of the Xianfeng reign he rose from the ranks, campaigned in Guangxi, and with accumulated merit became a company commander. In the fourth year he followed Xiang Rong to Jiangnan, fought outside Jiangning with repeated distinction, and rose in time to colonel of the Yongzhou Left Battalion. In the sixth year he defeated the rebels at Danyang and Jintan and was granted the honorific Mianyong Baturol. He routed the rebels again at Lishui's west gate, demolished their batteries, and was promoted to deputy brigade commander of the Chuzhou garrison. In the seventh year he captured Jurong, received regional commander rank, and was made vice commander of the Sanjiangkou Brigade. He broke Zhenjiang relief rebels on the riverbank, took Zhenjiang, and for merit was entered on the rolls at regional commander rank. In the eighth year he inflicted a crushing defeat on Jiangning relief rebels and was promoted to regional commander of the Barkol garrison in Gansu. While assaulting the Taiping and Jin river gates he met a massive rebel sortie and cut them down without mercy. Racing to relieve Lishui, he destroyed the rebel stockades at Honglanbu, took the city, and beheaded more than a thousand rebels; he was then granted provincial commander-in-chief rank. In the ninth month he took part in the assault on Pukou and won a resounding victory. When rebels from Jiufu Isle came to the relief, Yuliang led the rearguard in an intercepting strike and the rebels broke in rout. That spring of the tenth year he pressed his advantage and seized Jiufu Isle; an edict directed that whenever a provincial commander-in-chief's post opened he be recommended by name, and soon afterward he was transferred to regional commander of the Suzhou garrison.

江南大營諸將善戰者，向榮舊部多蜀將，張國樑所部多粵將。蜀將以虎坤元為首，週天培及玉良次之。時浙江軍事亟，議分軍赴援，咸屬望於張國樑，而圍攻江寧，功在垂成，國樑為全軍所繫，不克行。坤元、天培已前歿，乃命玉良總統援浙諸軍，專辦浙江軍務，未至而杭州陷，將軍瑞昌獨堅守駐防內城，與賊相持。玉良率六百人馳至，出賊不意，毀武林、錢塘諸門外賊壘，梯城而上，遂復杭州。捷聞，詔嘉為奇功，賜黃馬褂，予騎都尉世職，擢廣西提督。

Among the Jiangnan Grand Camp's best fighters, Xiang Rong's old corps counted many Sichuan officers, while Zhang Guoliang's command drew heavily on Guangdong men. Of the Sichuan generals, Hu Kunyuan ranked first, with Zhou Tianpei and Yuliang close behind. At that time Zhejiang's military situation was urgent; detachments for relief were discussed, and all hopes rested on Zhang Guoliang — yet the siege of Jiangning was on the verge of success and the whole army depended on him, so he could not go. Kunyuan and Tianpei had already fallen; Yuliang was then placed in overall command of the armies relieving Zhejiang and charged solely with Zhejiang military affairs. Before he arrived Hangzhou fell; General Ruichang alone held firm in the garrison inner city, locked in stalemate with the rebels. Yuliang raced up with six hundred men, took the rebels by surprise, tore down their stockades outside the Wulin and Qiantang gates, scaled the walls on ladders, and retook Hangzhou. When victory was reported, an edict praised it as an extraordinary feat; he was granted the yellow riding jacket and the hereditary rank of Cavalry Commandant, and promoted to provincial commander-in-chief of Guangxi.

賊之擾浙也，原以牽制江南軍，故見玉良至，則不戰遽去，由廣德分路趨江寧。總督何桂清駐常州，檄玉良回援，而賊別隊已侵江南大營後路。桂清留玉良於常州以自衛。未幾，江寧兵潰，張國樑、和春先後殉，詔玉良代節制其軍。常州陷，禦賊於無錫高橋，賊由間道出九龍山襲無錫。玉良前後受敵，退保蘇州，入城計守禦，未定，潰兵應賊，蘇州亦陷。玉良奔杭州，褫職，隸瑞昌軍。瑞昌令規复嚴州，繼克常山，復原官。十一年，复遂安，而嚴州又陷。玉良自江南敗衄後，兵心已渙，不能復振。賊再攻杭州，馳援，軍不用命，自知事不可為，戰杭州城下，輒身臨前敵，力鬥，中飛砲，歿於軍。贈太子少保，予騎都尉兼雲騎尉世職，祀本籍昭忠祠，諡忠壯。

The rebels had raided Zhejiang to tie down the Jiangnan army; when Yuliang arrived they withdrew without fighting and split at Guangde toward Jiangning. Governor-General He Guiqing was stationed at Changzhou and ordered Yuliang back to the relief, but a separate rebel column had already threatened the rear of the Jiangnan Grand Camp. Guiqing kept Yuliang at Changzhou to guard his own person. Before long the Jiangning army disintegrated; Zhang Guoliang and Hechun died one after another in the field, and an edict placed Yuliang in overall command of their forces. Changzhou fell; he met the rebels at Gaogiao in Wuxi, but they took a hidden route through Jiulong Mountain and struck Wuxi from the flank. Caught between enemies front and rear, Yuliang fell back to Suzhou. He entered the city to plan a defense, but before plans were settled routed soldiers went over to the rebels and Suzhou fell as well. Yuliang fled to Hangzhou, was stripped of office, and was placed under Ruichang's command. Ruichang ordered him to plan the recovery of Yanzhou; he subsequently took Changshan and was restored to his former rank. In the eleventh year he retook Suian, but Yanzhou fell once more. After his defeat in Jiangnan, the spirit of Yuliang's army had broken and could not be restored. When the rebels attacked Hangzhou again he hurried to the relief, but the army would not obey; knowing the cause was lost, he fought beneath the walls of Hangzhou, always placing himself in the fore, fought with all his might, was struck by a cannonball, and died in the field. He was posthumously ennobled as Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent, granted the combined hereditary ranks of Cavalry Commandant and Cloud Cavalry Commandant, enshrined in the Shrine of Loyal Martyrs in his home region, and honored with the posthumous title Loyal and Valiant.

魯佔鼇，四川成都人。由行伍官平番營守備，從向榮勦賊廣西、江南。繼從吉爾杭阿克上海，攻鎮江，戰皆力，累擢川北鎮總兵，調建昌鎮。蘇州陷，為賊所執，罵賊被臠割，死之。贈提督銜，予騎都尉兼雲騎尉世職。

Lu Zhan'ao came from Chengdu in Sichuan. Rising through the ranks to garrison commander of the Pingfan camp, he followed Xiang Rong in suppressing bandits across Guangxi and Jiangnan. He next followed Geleng'a to Shanghai, fought at Zhenjiang, and threw himself into every engagement; through repeated promotion he became regional commander of the North Sichuan garrison and was transferred to the Jianchang garrison. When Suzhou fell he was taken by the rebels; he cursed them to their faces and was hacked apart. He was posthumously given provincial commander-in-chief rank and granted the combined hereditary ranks of Cavalry Commandant and Cloud Cavalry Commandant.

劉季三，廣西武宣人。以武舉從右江道張敬修戰桂林、全州，授左江鎮標守備。從向榮至江南，積功至副將，賜號直勇巴圖魯。咸豐八年，大兵攻秣陵關，季三於葛塘寺設伏，出賊不意，斬關入，火之，又破六郎橋賊巢，功皆最，擢直隸通永鎮總兵。十年，張國樑督諸軍攻江寧，季三任上關一路，壽德洲守賊秦禮國獻壘內應，破上關，拔出難民千餘，解散脅從五千餘人。從張玉良援浙江，克餘杭、臨安，進秩提督。是年秋，賊陷嚴州，掠富陽，季三孤軍往援，戰竟日，死之。予騎都尉兼雲騎尉世職，諡忠毅。

Liu Jisan came from Wuxuan in Guangxi. As a military licentiate he campaigned under Youjiang Circuit Intendant Zhang Jingxiu at Guilin and Quanzhou and was appointed garrison commander of the Zuojiang garrison standard. He followed Xiang Rong to Jiangnan, rose with merit to brigade commander, and was granted the honorific Zhiyong Baturol. In the eighth year of Xianfeng, as the main force assaulted Muling Pass, Jisan laid an ambush at Getang Temple, caught the rebels unawares, cut through the pass and set it ablaze, then smashed the rebel nest at Liulang Bridge — in each action his merit ranked first — and was promoted to regional commander of the Tongyong garrison in Zhili. In the tenth year Zhang Guoliang directed the armies against Jiangning. Jisan held the upper-pass route; Qin Liguo, a rebel holding Shoude Isle, offered his stockade as an inside contact; the upper pass fell, more than a thousand refugees were brought out, and more than five thousand coerced followers were released. Marching with Zhang Yuliang to relieve Zhejiang, he captured Yuhang and Lin'an and was advanced to provincial commander-in-chief. That autumn the rebels seized Yanzhou and plundered Fuyang; Jisan went alone to their relief, fought through the day, and fell. He was granted the combined hereditary ranks of Cavalry Commandant and Cloud Cavalry Commandant and honored with the posthumous title Loyal and Steadfast.

雙來，徐氏，漢軍正白旗人。由拜唐阿累遷鑾儀衛治儀正，出為甘肅碾伯營都司，擢秦州營游擊。道光二十七年，赴援回疆，行至黑孜布依遇賊。兵少，被圍，相持十餘日。援至，合力破賊。方圍急，賊塞水源以斷汲路，越日泉湧盈塘。宣宗聞之，嘉歎曰：「此將士忠義所感也！」命以參將用，賜花翎、法福哩巴圖魯勇號。尋敗賊於駱駝脖子，加副將銜。歷靈州營參將、永固協副將。

Shuang Lai, of the Xu clan, was a Han bannerman of the Plain White Banner. Starting as a Baitang'a, he rose step by step to Director of Ceremonial Standards in the Imperial Procession Guard, went out to serve as battalion commander of the Nianbo garrison in Gansu, and was promoted to colonel of the Qinzhou garrison. In the twenty-seventh year of Daoguang he marched to relieve the Western Regions; on the road at Heizi Buyi he met rebels. His troops were few; he was surrounded and the standoff lasted more than ten days. Reinforcements arrived, and together they routed the rebels. At the height of the siege the rebels blocked the water source to cut off the supply of water; the next day a spring gushed forth and filled the pond. When Emperor Xuanzong heard of it, he praised and sighed, saying, "This is inspired by the loyalty and righteousness of the officers and soldiers!" He ordered Shuang Lai appointed regimental adjutant and bestowed on him the peacock feather and the honorific title Fafuri Baturol. Shortly afterward he defeated the rebels at Luotuo Bozi and received the brevet rank of brigade commander. He served in turn as regimental adjutant of the Lingzhou garrison and deputy regional commander of the Yonggu command.

咸豐二年，調赴欽差大臣琦善軍，擢肅州鎮總兵。三年，從琦善攻揚州，勇銳為一軍之冠，戰輒手執大旗以先，迭破賊，毀西北隅土城，悉奪其營壘。賊遁入城死守，圍攻兩閱月。雙來發砲壞城垣丈餘，作桴渡河，逼城布雲梯，鼓勇先登，縱火，賊於城上苦鬥，槍彈如雨。雙來傷頰，折二齒，暈跌，扶下，從卒多傷亡，以無繼援而退。特詔褒獎，加提督銜，他將觀望者並被譴。越旬日，雙來复督隊攻城，力戰逾時，中砲，洞穿右股，猶大呼登城殺賊。翌日，創甚，卒於軍。

In the second year of Xianfeng he was transferred to Imperial Commissioner Qi Shan's army and promoted to regional commander of the Suzhou garrison. In the third year he followed Qi Shan in the assault on Yangzhou. In courage and dash he stood foremost in the army; in every battle he personally bore the great banner at the head, repeatedly broke the rebels, destroyed the earthen wall at the northwest corner, and seized all their camps and stockades. The rebels withdrew into the city and held it to the death; the siege lasted two months. Shuang Lai's cannon fire breached more than a zhang of wall; he built rafts to cross the river, pressed to the walls with scaling ladders, roused his men to lead the climb, and set fires. On the ramparts the rebels fought desperately while bullets fell like rain. Shuang Lai was wounded in the cheek and two teeth were broken; he fainted and fell and had to be helped down. Many of his followers were killed or wounded, and with no reinforcements to follow they withdrew. A special edict praised and rewarded him, added the brevet rank of provincial commander-in-chief, and censured the other generals who had hung back. More than ten days later Shuang Lai again led his troops in storming the city. After long, fierce fighting he was hit by cannon fire; the shot tore through his right thigh, yet he still roared for his men to scale the wall and kill rebels. The next day his wounds proved mortal and he died in camp.

文宗素知其勇，事聞，震悼，手批其疏曰：「雙來何如是不幸？朕隕涕覽奏，不勝悲憤！然視彼貪生退縮者，奚啻霄壤。」詔依提督例優恤，賜銀一千兩，命柩歸時專奏入城治喪，予騎都尉兼雲騎尉世職，諡忠毅。後都統德興阿疏言雙來與總兵瞿騰龍戰績尤異，先後於江北陣亡，請在揚州建雙忠祠合祀，詔允之。

Emperor Wenzong had long known his bravery. When the report arrived, he was shaken with grief. In his own hand he wrote on the memorial, "How could Shuang Lai meet with such misfortune? Reading your memorial, I shed tears — my grief and indignation are beyond bearing! Yet set beside those who cling to life and shrink from battle, the distance between them is as heaven from earth." An edict granted favorably according to provincial commander-in-chief precedent, awarded one thousand taels of silver, ordered that when the coffin returned a special memorial be submitted for entry into the city to conduct the funeral, granted the combined hereditary ranks of Cavalry Commandant and Cloud Cavalry Commandant, and honored him with the posthumous title Loyal and Steadfast. Later Commandant Dexing'a memorialized that Shuang Lai and regional commander Qu Tenglong had especially distinguished themselves in battle and had both fallen north of the Yangtze; he asked that a Twin Loyalty Shrine be built at Yangzhou for their joint worship, and the throne approved.

瞿騰龍，字在田，湖南善化人。由行伍補千總，剿瑤匪趙金龍及乾州苗有功，累擢古丈坪營都司，署鎮筸鎮標游擊。咸豐元年，率標兵赴廣西剿匪，迭破賊於武宣桐木、馬鞍山，永安古排塘。二年，援桂林，以巨砲擊賊於文昌門，殲斃甚眾，賜號莽阿巴圖魯，擢永綏協副將。追賊入湖南，迭戰於寧遠、耒陽、永興、安仁。賊圍攻長沙，騰龍率苗兵千人赴援，偕鄧紹良破南門外賊柵。賊以地雷轟城，圮十餘丈，騰龍守城缺力禦，斬悍賊三百餘人，城复完，加總兵銜。

Qu Tenglong, styled Zaitian, came from Shanhua in Hunan. From the ranks he was made company commander, helped suppress the Yao bandit Zhao Jinlong and the Qianzhou Miao, and through repeated promotion rose to battalion commander of the Guzhangping garrison and acting colonel of the Zhengang garrison standard. In the first year of Xianfeng he led the garrison troops to Guangxi to suppress bandits and repeatedly routed the enemy at Wuxuan Tongmu, Ma'an Shan, and Yong'an Gupaitang. In the second year he went to relieve Guilin, used great cannon to strike the rebels at Wenchang Gate, killed and wounded a great many, was granted the honorific Mang'a Baturol, and was promoted to deputy regional commander of the Yongshui command. Pursuing the rebels into Hunan, he fought a series of engagements at Ningyuan, Leiyang, Yongxing, and Anren. When the rebels besieged Changsha, Tenglong led a thousand Miao troops to the relief and, with Deng Shaoliang, broke the rebel stockade outside the south gate. The rebels blasted the wall with a land mine, bringing down more than ten zhang. Tenglong held the breach and fought them off, beheaded more than three hundred fierce rebels, and restored the wall; he was given regional commander rank.

三年，從向榮戰武昌，遂尾賊東下，擢湖北鄖陽鎮總兵。抵江寧，賊已分黨北犯，命率所部馳赴山東、河南防剿。行至高郵，琦善疏留其軍會攻揚州。騰龍身先士卒，與總兵雙來並號軍鋒。既而雙來以傷殞，遂兼領其軍，充翼長，琦善甚倚之。揚州久不克，而賊之踞瓜洲者盡力來援。騰龍扼三汊河，賊至，十倍我軍，騰龍下令「有進無退，回顧者斬」，下馬持大刀闖入陣，士卒皆喋血戰，賊退，夜乘雷雨突之，賊不辨眾寡，自相踐殺，及曉，屍骸狼藉，斃賊二千有奇。尋賊揚帆迳趨揚州南門，登東岸，复馳擊走之。於是樹巨椿以阻河路，城賊屢突圍，擊退。十一月，賊全隊沖出，併入瓜洲，乃復郡城。

In the third year he fought with Xiang Rong at Wuchang, then pursued the rebels eastward and was promoted to regional commander of the Yunyang garrison in Hubei. By the time he reached Jiangning the rebels had already split off a force to raid north; he was ordered to lead his command posthaste to Shandong and Henan to defend and suppress them. At Gaoyou on the march, Qi Shan memorialized to keep his army for the joint attack on Yangzhou. Tenglong always fought at the head of his men and, together with regional commander Shuang Lai, was hailed as the army's vanguard. Before long Shuang Lai died of his wounds; Tenglong then assumed joint command of his army, served as wing commander, and became one on whom Qi Shan leaned heavily. Yangzhou remained untaken for a long time while the rebels holding Guazhou mustered every strength to relieve it. Tenglong blocked the San Cha River. When the rebels arrived they outnumbered his army ten to one. He gave the order: "Forward only — never retreat; whoever looks back will be beheaded." Dismounting, he seized a great sword and charged into the enemy line; his soldiers fought drenched in blood until the rebels withdrew. That night, using thunder and rain as cover, he struck suddenly; the rebels could not tell friend from foe and trampled one another to death. By dawn corpses lay everywhere, and more than two thousand rebels had been killed. Soon the rebels set sail straight for Yangzhou's south gate and landed on the east bank; he again galloped out, struck them, and drove them off. He then drove great piles into the river to block the route; rebels inside the city broke out again and again, and each time he repulsed them. In the eleventh month the rebels broke out in full force, merged into Guazhou, and the prefectural city was retaken.

初，向榮疏調騰龍回軍江寧，不許。至是詔率兵援安慶，琦善奏三汊河要衝，恃騰龍力守，仍請留。賊於運河南岸築數壘以逼三汊河，進攻破之。四年正月，進攻瓜洲，設伏誘賊出，伏起，大破之。二月，復進攻，乘夜雪襲賊，連破二壘，深入，賊傾巢出，鈔官軍後，圍數重，戰竟日，被傷，下馬步戰，力竭死之，年六十有四。贈提督，予騎都尉兼雲騎尉世職，諡威壯。

Earlier Xiang Rong had memorialized to transfer Tenglong's army back to Jiangning, but the request was denied. Now an edict ordered him to lead troops to relieve Anqing, but Qi Shan memorialized that the San Cha River was a vital choke point and depended on Tenglong's stout defense; he again asked that Tenglong be kept there. The rebels built several stockades on the south bank of the Grand Canal to press the San Cha River; he advanced and smashed them. In the first month of the fourth year he advanced against Guazhou, laid an ambush to draw the rebels out, and when the trap sprang inflicted a crushing defeat. In the second month he attacked again. Under cover of night snow he raided the rebels, broke two stockades in succession, and pressed deep inside; the rebels came out in full force, cut behind the government army, and surrounded them in ring after ring. The battle lasted all day; wounded, he dismounted to fight on foot and died when his strength gave out, aged sixty-four. He was posthumously made provincial commander-in-chief, granted the combined hereditary ranks of Cavalry Commandant and Cloud Cavalry Commandant, and honored with the posthumous title Formidable and Valiant.

王國才，字錦堂，原姓羅氏，雲南昆明人。以武舉效力督標，洊升守備。道光末，剿彌渡回匪，擒賊首海老陝，賜號胜勇巴圖魯，擢都司。從剿廣西賊，轉戰大黃江、永安州有功。尋撤滇軍歸伍。咸豐二年，平尋甸回匪，擢山東青州參將。

Wang Guocai, styled Jintang, originally bore the surname Luo and came from Kunming in Yunnan. As a military licentiate he served in the provincial garrison standard and rose through repeated promotion to garrison commander. At the end of the Daoguang reign he suppressed the Midu Hui bandits, captured the bandit chieftain Hai Laoshan, was granted the honorific Shengyong Baturol, and was promoted to battalion commander. He joined the campaign against the Guangxi rebels and distinguished himself at the Dahuang River and in Yongan Prefecture. Soon afterward the Yunnan army was withdrawn and the men returned to their units. In the second year of Xianfeng he put down the Xundian Hui bandits and was raised to regimental adjutant of Qingzhou in Shandong.

三年，吳文鎔移督兩湖，疏調率所部赴湖北，行至天門，遇賊，以親兵七十人擊走之。會文鎔戰歿黃梅，國才將返滇，過荊州，將軍官文留之，予兵千二百、練勇五百，守城北龍會橋。賊萬餘猝至，軍士氣沮，國才曰：「賊如潮湧，不進何以求生！」親以鳥槍斃執旗賊，大呼陷陣，賊披靡，墜河無算。追至馬湟山，賊敗竄，軍中稱其勇。官文令整飭諸縣團練，荊州獲安，賜花翎，以副將升用。四年，署督標中軍副將，從總督楊霈防德安。

In the third year Wu Wenrong was transferred to governor-general of Huguang and memorialized to have Guocai lead his command to Hubei. On the road at Tianmen he met rebels and, with seventy personal guards, put them to flight. When Wenrong was killed in battle at Huangmei, Guocai was about to return to Yunnan. Passing through Jingzhou, Commandant Guan Wen kept him there, gave him twelve hundred soldiers and five hundred trained militia, and ordered him to hold Longhui Bridge north of the city. More than ten thousand rebels arrived suddenly; the soldiers' spirit sank. Guocai said, "The rebels surge like a tide — how can we survive unless we advance!" He himself shot down the flag bearer with his musket, shouted, and plunged into the enemy line; the rebels broke and fled, and untold numbers fell into the river. Pursuing them to Mahuang Shan, he routed the rebels and put them to flight; the army acclaimed his valor. Guan Wen ordered him to reorganize the county militia; Jingzhou was secured, he received the peacock feather, and was promoted to brigade commander. In the fourth year he acted as deputy brigade commander of the provincial garrison's central battalion and marched with Governor-General Yang Piao to defend Dean.

會湘軍規大冶，國才當右路，連破賊，克蘄州。楊霈以川練千人益其軍，進攻九江。五年，率部將畢金科戰城下，數捷。會揚霈師潰，國才回援武昌，夜至，城已陷，未知也；先驅入城，始覺。賊由漢陽悉眾來拒，國才突圍出，駐金口，進大軍山。尋屯沌口，偕水師合攻漢陽，設伏誘賊出，殲之。賊屢襲金口、沌口，皆擊退。破大別山賊壘，授竹山協副將，署鄖陽鎮總兵。總督官文進逼漢陽，國才屢從破賊。六年，諸軍合攻，國才越壕逼城下，一擁而入，巷戰，殺賊甚眾，加總兵銜，記名簡放。复黃梅，守之，改隸將軍都興阿。七年，賊由太湖來犯，以空城誘賊入，斬獲無算。追至九江對岸，連破賊段窯、楓樹坳、狗山鎮。雲南迴匪熾，調回援，官文、胡林翼疏留不遣。黃梅城僻隘，國才謂不足屏蔽，請守雙林驛。都興阿不許，乃屯城西，分副將石清吉守城，賊屢犯，卻之，授貴州安義鎮總兵。六月，皖賊陳玉成糾賊數十萬上犯，國才被圍，力戰，歿於陣。贈提督，予騎都尉兼雲騎尉世職，建專祠，諡剛介。

When the Hunan Army planned to take Daye, Guocai held the right wing, repeatedly routed the rebels, and captured Qizhou. Yang Piao reinforced his army with a thousand Sichuan militia, and they advanced against Jiujiang. In the fifth year he led his subordinate Bi Jinke in fighting below the walls and won victory after victory. When Yang Piao's army collapsed, Guocai turned back to relieve Wuchang and arrived at night; the city had already fallen, though he did not yet know it; his vanguard entered the city before the truth dawned on him. The rebels from Hanyang came out in full strength to oppose him; Guocai broke through the encirclement, encamped at Jinkou, and advanced to Dashan Hill. Soon he encamped at Zhunkou, joined the fleet in a combined assault on Hanyang, laid an ambush to draw the rebels out, and wiped them out. The rebels repeatedly raided Jinkou and Zhunkou, and each time he drove them back. He smashed the rebel stockade on Mount Dabie, received appointment as deputy regional commander of the Zhushan command, and acted as regional commander of the Yunyang garrison. As Governor-General Guan Wen pressed the attack on Hanyang, Guocai again and again helped break the rebels. In the sixth year the allied armies attacked together; Guocai crossed the moat to the foot of the wall, surged inside at once, fought through the streets, and killed a great many rebels; he received regional commander rank and was registered for appointment by name when a vacancy opened. He retook Huangmei and garrisoned it, then passed to the command of Commandant Duxing'a. In the seventh year rebels came from Taihu to raid; he left the city empty to lure them in and killed and captured them beyond count. Pursuing them to the opposite bank of Jiujiang, he routed the rebels in succession at Duanyao, Fengshu'ao, and Goushan Town. When the Yunnan Hui rebels flared up he was ordered back to relieve them, but Guan Wen and Hu Linji memorialized to keep him and he was not sent. Huangmei city was remote and cramped; Guocai argued it could not serve as an effective shield and asked instead to hold Shuanglin Post. Duxing'a refused; Guocai therefore encamped west of the city and detached Deputy Brigade Commander Shi Qingji to hold the walls. The rebels attacked again and again and were repulsed; he was appointed regional commander of the Anyi garrison in Guizhou. In the sixth month the Anhui rebel Chen Yucheng gathered several hundred thousand men for a great northern raid; Guocai was surrounded, fought to the end, and died in battle. He was posthumously made provincial commander-in-chief, granted the combined hereditary ranks of Cavalry Commandant and Cloud Cavalry Commandant, given a dedicated shrine, and honored with the posthumous title Steadfast and Upright.

虎坤元，字子厚，四川成都人。父嵩林，咸豐初，以湖南游擊調廣西剿匪，從向榮戰紫荊山，攻永安，解桂林、長沙圍，並有功。從至江南，累擢湖北宜昌鎮總兵。偕巡撫吉爾杭阿克上海，遂從攻鎮江，屢破賊於寶蓋山、倉頭、下蜀街、高資。在江南軍中稱宿將。

Hu Kunyuan, styled Zihou, came from Chengdu in Sichuan. His father Songlin, at the opening of the Xianfeng reign, was transferred from Hunan colonel to Guangxi to suppress bandits; he followed Xiang Rong at Zijing Shan, in the attack on Yong'an, and in lifting the sieges of Guilin and Changsha, earning merit in each. Following him to Jiangnan, he rose through repeated promotion to regional commander of the Yichang garrison in Hubei. With Provincial Governor Geleing'a he went to Shanghai, then joined the attack on Zhenjiang and repeatedly defeated the rebels at Baogai Shan, Cangtou, Xiasu Street, and Gaozi. In the Jiangnan army he was regarded as a seasoned veteran.

坤元，年十七，從父軍，勇力過人，戰輒先登，軍中號曰「小虎」。初至江寧，奪鍾山賊壘，功最，擢守備。四年，克高淳、太平，賜花翎、鼓勇巴圖魯勇號，擢川北鎮標都司。五年，援灣沚，焚賊舟，乘勝取蕪湖，坤元躍登城，殺守陴賊，遂克之。六年，江寧賊出援鎮江，坤元元旦馳至三汊河，擊敗之。又戰於下蜀街，破賊壘，追賊直至仙鶴門，擢建昌鎮標游擊。從總兵秦如虎援浙江，而寧國告陷，遇賊於宣城紅林橋，設伏，身率數騎誘賊，敗之。進攻寧國未下，回援鎮江，嵩林為賊所困，馳入重圍掖之出。會江南大營潰，向榮等退守丹陽，賊躡至，勢甚張，坤元偕張國樑力戰卻之。遂從嵩林移駐珥陵，扼賊犯常州之路。未幾，國樑戰五里牌，傷胯，急召坤元夜至，簡精銳，未曉即出，逾簡瀆河，東攻黃土台賊壘，躍上壘牆，毀其柵，大隊擁入，勁騎鈔截，賊無脫者，連破五壘。國樑亦破河西賊壘，賊勢始挫。

Kunyuan was seventeen when he joined his father's command. His courage and strength outmatched others; in every fight he was first over the wall, and the army nicknamed him "Little Tiger." When he first reached Jiangning he seized the rebel stockade on Bell Mountain; his merit ranked first and he was promoted to garrison commander. In the fourth year he captured Gaochun and Taiping, received the peacock feather and the honorific title Guyong Baturol, and was promoted to battalion commander of the North Sichuan garrison standard. In the fifth year he went to relieve Wanzhi, burned the rebel boats, and pressed the advantage to take Wuhu; Kunyuan leaped onto the wall, killed the defenders on the ramparts, and the city fell. In the sixth year Jiangning rebels came out to relieve Zhenjiang; on New Year's Day Kunyuan raced to the San Cha River and defeated them. He fought again at Xiasu Street, broke the rebel stockade, pursued the enemy all the way to Xianhe Gate, and was promoted to colonel of the Jianchang garrison standard. He followed regional commander Qin Ruhu to relieve Zhejiang, but word came that Ningguo had fallen; at Honglin Bridge in Xuancheng he met the rebels, laid an ambush, and personally led a handful of horsemen to lure them into defeat. He advanced against Ningguo but failed to take it, then turned back to relieve Zhenjiang; Songlin was trapped by the rebels, and he galloped into the heavy encirclement to bring him out. When the Jiangnan Grand Camp collapsed, Xiang Rong and the others fell back to defend Danyang; the pursuing rebels were in full flood. Kunyuan and Zhang Guoliang fought hard and threw them back. He then followed Songlin in moving camp to Erling and blocked the route by which the rebels might strike Changzhou. Before long Guoliang fought at Wulipai and was wounded in the hip; he urgently summoned Kunyuan, who came by night, picked elite troops, and marched out before dawn. Crossing the Jianlu River he attacked the rebel stockade at Huangtu Terrace from the east, leaped onto the stockade wall, tore down the palisade, and the main force poured in; fierce cavalry cut off retreat so that not one rebel escaped, and five stockades fell in succession. Guoliang also broke the rebel stockade west of the river, and for the first time the rebels' momentum faltered.

坤元以是名出諸將上，乘勝進兵，踰月遂解金壇之圍，擢參將。進攻東壩，填壕登城，負創力戰，手斬悍賊，復之。又克高淳，以副將侭先升用。七年，會攻溧水。賊屢來援，與城賊夾攻官軍。坤元迭破之於鄔山、拓塘、博望、天里山、小茅山，凡十餘戰，殲戮無算，擒偽迓天侯陳士章，鏖斗城下四晝夜，躍登南門，复溧水，授貴州定廣協副將。又敗賊於高陽橋，克湖墅、龍都。張國樑攻句容，賊堅守未下，檄坤元往助。值賊出撲，率數十騎突之，進逼南門，縱火焚城樓，大軍繼之，遂克句容。敘功，以總兵記名簡放。從國樑規鎮江，時賊由江寧來援，蟻聚七星觀、倉頭。坤元以輕騎誘敵入伏中，大敗之，追擊，立破三壘。賊退至三汊河，伏兵又起，無去路。坤元大呼：「棄戈者免死！殺賊首者賞！」降者數百人。是役斬馘及淹斃者三千有奇，生擒三百。尋敗賊於西堰岡，援賊复於倉頭、顧家壩築壘。坤元於山後樹幟為疑兵，自率小隊沖鋒，殪悍賊。而賊以大隊來拒，諸軍環擊，乘勢全毀賊營，鎮江守賊遂遁。追至龍潭，痛殲之。坤元甫授直隸通永鎮總兵，文宗手批其謝恩疏曰：「聞汝父子在軍營甚為奮勇。汝年未三十，已膺顯秩。務自勉勵，以副朕望。」至是復下部優敘。尋丁母憂，奪情留軍。

This feat lifted Kunyuan's name above the other generals; pressing his advantage he advanced, and within a month the siege of Jintan was lifted; he was promoted to regimental adjutant. He advanced against Dongba, filled the moat and scaled the wall, fought on though wounded, and with his own hand beheaded a fierce rebel; the city was retaken. He captured Gaochun again and was promoted to brigade commander ahead of others in seniority. In the seventh year he joined the assault on Lishui. Relief columns came again and again, and together with the rebels inside the city they attacked the government army from both sides. Kunyuan repeatedly defeated them at Wu Shan, Tuotang, Bowang, Tianli Shan, and Xiaomao Shan — more than ten battles in all — killing and capturing beyond count, taking the false Yingtian Marquis Chen Shizhang, fighting fiercely below the walls for four days and four nights, leaping onto the south gate, retaking Lishui, and receiving appointment as deputy regional commander of the Dingguang command in Guizhou. He routed the rebels again at Gaoyang Bridge and captured Hushu and Longdu. Zhang Guoliang attacked Jurong, but the rebels held firm and the city would not fall; an order went out for Kunyuan to assist. Just as the rebels sallied forth, he led several dozen horsemen in a sudden charge, pressed to the south gate, set fire to the gate tower, and with the main army following took Jurong. When merits were assessed he was registered for appointment as regional commander by name. He followed Guoliang in planning the attack on Zhenjiang. At that time rebels from Jiangning came to the relief and swarmed thick as ants at Qixing Guan and Cangtou. Kunyuan used light cavalry to lure the enemy into an ambush and inflicted a great defeat; in pursuit he immediately broke three stockades. The rebels fell back to the San Cha River; the ambush rose again, and they had nowhere to go. Kunyuan shouted at the top of his voice, "Those who cast aside their weapons shall be spared! Reward whoever kills a rebel chief!" Several hundred laid down their arms. In this battle those beheaded, drowned, or otherwise killed exceeded three thousand; three hundred were taken alive. Soon afterward he defeated the rebels at Xiyan Hill; relief rebels then rebuilt stockades at Cangtou and Gujia Dam. Kunyuan planted banners behind the hill as a feint and personally led a small detachment in a charge that killed many fierce rebels. When the rebels came in force to resist, the allied units closed in from every side, seized the momentum to destroy the rebel camps entirely, and the garrison at Zhenjiang fled. Pursuing them to Longtan, he cut them down without mercy. Kunyuan had just been appointed regional commander of the Tongyong garrison in Zhili when Emperor Wenzong wrote in his own hand on the memorial of thanks, "I have heard that you and your father have fought with great valor in camp. You are not yet thirty and already hold high rank. Exert yourself to the utmost, that you may answer to my expectations." At this point the ministry again issued a commendation in his favor. Soon afterward he entered mourning for his mother but was kept with the army despite the mourning obligation.

八年，攻秣陵關，逼賊巢為壘。賊出鬥，敗之，窮追，單騎獨前，惟游擊劉萬清從，疑有伏，止之，勿聽，進至石橋，中槍而殞，萬清奪其屍還。和春疏聞，言：「坤元從軍八載，忠勇性成。善以少擊眾，自為都守。父子所入之貲，悉以養勇士。故旌旗所指，無不披靡。歷經頒給御賜金牌六次，受二等傷四次，頭等傷十二次。灼頸落指，瀕死者屢矣。既歿，大江南北同聲悼惜。」詔從優恤，於溧水、湖墅及死事地方建專祠，諡忠壯，予騎都尉兼雲騎尉世職。未娶無子，以弟坤岡襲。是年，其父嵩林守溧水，為賊陷，坐褫職，以坤元陣亡故，獲免治罪。嵩林回籍助剿滇匪，命襄治團練，尋卒於家。

In the eighth year he attacked Muling Pass and pressed the rebel stronghold into a fortified stockade. The rebels came out to fight; he defeated them and pursued without stopping, riding alone at the front with only guerrilla colonel Liu Wanqing behind him. Suspecting an ambush, Wanqing tried to halt him, but he would not listen; at Stone Bridge a musket ball struck him down. Wanqing recovered his body and brought it back. When He Chun's memorial arrived, he said, "Kunyuan served in the army for eight years; loyalty and courage were inborn in him. He excelled at beating larger forces with fewer men and commanded armies in his own right. Every coin he and his father invested in the army went to support brave fighters. Wherever his banners turned, the enemy gave way. The throne had bestowed on him the imperial gold medal six times; he had suffered four second-class wounds and twelve first-class wounds. His neck had been burned, fingers lost — again and again he had brushed death. After his death, voices north and south of the Yangtze mourned him as one." An edict granted favorable posthumous honors; dedicated shrines were built at Lishui, Hushu, and the place where he died; he was honored with the posthumous title Loyal and Robust and granted the combined hereditary ranks of Cavalry Commandant and Cloud Cavalry Commandant. He had never married and left no son; his younger brother Kun'gang inherited the hereditary office. That year his father Songlin was holding Lishui when it fell to the rebels; he was dismissed for the offense, but because Kunyuan had died in battle he was spared punishment. Songlin returned home to help suppress the Yunnan bandits, was ordered to help administer the local militia, and soon died there.

戴文英，廣東羅定人。由行伍從剿羅鏡凌十八有功，擢千總。咸豐三年，從向榮援江寧。初至進攻，文英偕張國樑穿越深林叢葦十餘處，潛襲雨花台賊營後，大敗之，賜號色固巴圖魯。四年，勦賊七橋甕，往來衝鋒，又偕總兵德安破賊營。五年，戰高資，皆以勇銳稱，累擢惠州營都司。六年，攻鎮江，戰於京峴山。馳馬入賊陣，槍斃悍賊甚多，擢南詔營游擊。從張國樑援金壇，率精銳過河奮擊，解金壇之圍。兩江總督怡良薦舉將才，文英與其選。大兵克東壩賊壘，平寶堰賊巢，文英率茅村團練獨當一路，斬獲多，擢淮安營參將。七年，從張國樑攻鎮江，駐紅花山。賊眾來撲，文英衝入賊中，手刺殺悍酋數人，賊大敗，擢江南督標中軍副將。是年冬，攻克鎮江府城，記名總兵。八年，克秣陵關，授直隸通永鎮總兵。

Dai Wenying came from Luoding in Guangdong. From the ranks he helped suppress the Luojing bandit Ling Shiba, earned merit, and was promoted to company commander. In the third year of Xianfeng he marched with Xiang Rong to relieve Jiangning. On first arriving he joined the assault; Wenying and Zhang Guoliang passed through more than ten tracts of deep forest and reed marsh, struck the rear of the rebel camp at Yuhuatai by surprise, and inflicted a crushing defeat; he received the honorific title Segu Baturol. In the fourth year he suppressed the rebels at Qiqiao Weng, charging back and forth in the fight, and again, with regional commander De An, broke the rebel camp. In the fifth year he fought at Gaozi; everywhere he was praised for courage and dash, and through repeated promotion he rose to battalion commander of the Huizhou garrison. In the sixth year he joined the assault on Zhenjiang and battled at Jingxian Shan. Galloping into the rebel ranks, he shot down many fierce rebels with his musket and was promoted to guerrilla colonel of the Nanzhao garrison. Following Zhang Guoliang to relieve Jintan, he led elite troops across the river in a fierce assault and lifted the siege. Governor-General Yi Liang of the Two Jiangs recommended men of generalship, and Wenying was among those chosen. When the main army took the rebel stockade at Dongba and leveled the nest at Baoyan, Wenying led the Maocun militia alone on one route, killed and captured a great many, and was promoted to regimental adjutant of the Huai'an garrison. In the seventh year he campaigned with Zhang Guoliang against Zhenjiang and took position at Honghua Shan. When a great rebel force came to strike, Wenying charged into their midst and with his own hand stabbed several fierce chiefs to death; the rebels suffered a crushing defeat, and he was promoted to deputy brigade commander of the Jiangnan governor's central battalion. That winter Zhenjiang's prefectural city fell, and his name was entered for appointment as regional commander when a vacancy arose. In the eighth year he captured Muling Pass and was appointed regional commander of the Tongyong garrison in Zhili.

時江寧長圍漸合，賊百計潰圍，屢出衝突。文英從張國樑四面兜剿，直抵外壕，焚毀望樓。皖北援賊陷溧水，文英偕張玉良馳赴會剿，分攻紅藍埠，逼河砲擊，乘夜渡河，踏平賊壘，遂復溧水。而賊復自西路來援，文英自督前隊，以劈山砲迎擊，騎兵包抄，斃賊無算。會提督鄧紹良在寧國為賊所困，文英馳援，遇賊於灣沚，連戰皆捷，而賊至愈眾，力竭，歿於陣。

By then the long encirclement of Jiangning was slowly tightening; the rebels tried every means to break out and sallied forth again and again. Wenying followed Zhang Guoliang in encircling and suppressing them on all four sides, pressed to the outer moat, and burned the watch towers. When relief rebels from northern Anhui took Lishui, Wenying and Zhang Yuliang raced to join the joint suppression, divided forces to attack Honglan Bu, shelled the river line, crossed by night, overran the rebel stockades, and retook Lishui. When rebels again came to the relief from the west, Wenying personally led the vanguard, met them with mountain-splitting cannon, and with cavalry enveloping the flanks killed rebels beyond counting. Just then commandant Deng Shaoliang was besieged at Ningguo; Wenying raced to his aid, met the rebels at Wanzhi, and won victory after victory, but as enemy numbers swelled his strength gave out and he died in battle.

文英在軍中以善戰名，為張國樑所倚，甫擢專閫而殞。文宗惜之，優詔賜卹，稱其所向有功，克溧水，破援賊，功為尤著，予騎都尉世職，諡武烈。

Wenying was famed in the army for fighting skill and was one on whom Zhang Guoliang relied; he had just been raised to independent command when he fell. Emperor Wenzong mourned him; a favorable edict granted posthumous honors, declaring that wherever he had been sent he had achieved merit, that in taking Lishui and breaking the relief rebels his service was especially outstanding; he was granted the hereditary rank of Cavalry Commandant and honored with the posthumous title Martial and Fierce.

論曰：烏蘭泰忠勇冠軍，與向榮不合，致無成功，時論多右之。鄧紹良、週天受老於軍事，保障皖南，軍律不嚴，終不能保全浙境。張玉良後起，號驍健，江南師潰之後，竟不復振。諸人皆當一面，以死勤事，其成敗有足鑑者。雙來、瞿騰龍、王國才、虎坤元、戴文英並以善戰名，志決身殲，時論惜焉。

The Commentary says: Wu Lantai's loyalty and courage stood foremost in the army; he and Xiang Rong could not work together, so success eluded him, yet opinion at the time largely favored him. Deng Shaoliang and Zhou Tianshou were seasoned in war and held southern Anhui secure, but lax discipline in their armies kept them from saving Zhejiang in the end. Zhang Yuliang rose later and was famed for dash and strength, yet after the Jiangnan armies collapsed he never regained his footing. Each of these men held an independent command and died in loyal service; their triumphs and failures are warning enough. Shuang Lai, Qu Tenglong, Wang Guocai, Hu Kunyuan, and Dai Wenying were all famed for fighting skill; resolute to the end, they died to the last man, and their contemporaries mourned them.

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