Volume 409 Biographies 196: Ta Qi Bu, Bi Jinke, Duo Long A, Sun Shouzhang, Bao Chao, Song Guoyong, Lou Yunqing, Tan Shengda, Tang Renlian, Liu Songshan

塔齊布，字智亭，陶佳氏，滿洲鑲黃旗人。由火器營鳥槍護軍擢三等侍衛。咸豐初，揀發湖南，以都司用，署撫標左營守備。以長沙守城功擢游擊，署中軍參將。侍郎曾國籓在籍治鄉兵，月調官兵會操。每校閱，塔齊布從侍，國籓與語，奇之，試所轄兵，特精整。為副將清德所忌，嗾提督鮑起豹將加摧辱。國籓劾罷清德，薦塔齊布「忠勇可大用，如將來出戰不力，甘與同罪」，加副將銜，兼領練軍。巡撫張亮基亦特薦之，以副將用。

Taqibu, whose style was Zhiting, belonged to the Tao Jia clan and came from the Manchu Bordered Yellow Banner. He rose from the rank of arquebus guardsman in the Firearms Brigade to third-class imperial bodyguard. Early in the Xianfeng era he was selected for service in Hunan, given the rank of colonel, and posted as acting garrison commander of the provincial army's Left Battalion. His success in the defense of Changsha won him promotion to battalion commander and an acting appointment as brigade deputy. While at home organizing local militia, Vice President Zeng Guofan called up regular troops each month for joint exercises. At each inspection Taqibu stood in attendance; Zeng Guofan talked with him, took a liking to him, and on testing the men under his command found them unusually sharp and orderly. Brigadier General Qing De took a dislike to him and urged Provincial Commander Bao Qibao to subject him to further abuse. Zeng Guofan impeached Qing De and had him dismissed, then recommended Taqibu in these terms: "Loyal and brave, he is fit for high command; if he should ever fail in the field, I am willing to bear the same penalty." Taqibu was given the rank of brigadier general and placed in command of the training corps as well. Governor Zhang Liangji likewise gave him a special recommendation, and he was appointed brigadier general.

三年，剿平茶陵、安化土匪，賜花翎。四年，率所部進剿粵匪，至湖北通城、崇陽，賊由岳州上犯，奉檄援寧鄉。未至，湘潭亦陷，賊勢甚張，遂改援湘潭。長驅至高嶺，猝遇賊，塔齊布手持大旗陷陣，麾軍縱擊，斬其酋數人，逐北數里，至城下。明日，賊大出，塔齊布伏兵山左右，賊近，砲殪百餘人，伏起夾擊，僵僕枕藉，燔城外賊柵皆盡。水師會戰，焚賊舟，浮屍蔽江。賊棄城走，六日而湘潭平。時曾國籓師挫於靖港，長沙震動，賴此一戰破賊，人心始定。捷聞，加總兵銜，賜號喀屯巴圖魯。詔斥鮑起豹畏葸不出戰，罷之，即超擢塔齊佈署提督，尋實授。初，所部辰勇與標兵私鬥有釁，鮑起豹頻齮齕之；至是代其位，遍賞提標兵，示無修怨意，標兵大讙。眾見其由都司不三年立功驟膺專閫，莫不驚服，軍氣頓振。

In the third year he put down the bandits of Chaling and Anhua and was awarded the peacock feather. In the fourth year he led his troops against the Cantonese rebels as far as Tongcheng and Chongyang in Hubei; when the rebels marched up from Yuezhou, he was ordered to relieve Ningxiang. Before he could get there, Xiangtan had already fallen and the rebels were in great force, so he turned instead to relieve Xiangtan. He pressed on to Gaoling, where he suddenly met the enemy. Taqibu charged into the fray carrying the great banner, ordered a full assault, cut down several rebel leaders, and drove them north for miles until he reached the city walls. The next day the rebels sallied in strength. Taqibu concealed troops on both sides of the hill; when the enemy came near, artillery killed more than a hundred men, then the ambush rose and struck from both flanks. Dead lay heaped together, and every rebel stockade outside the walls was burned. The river fleet joined the fight, burned the rebel vessels, and corpses so covered the water that the river seemed choked with the dead. The rebels abandoned the city and fled; within six days Xiangtan was recovered. Zeng Guofan's army had just suffered defeat at Jinggang, and Changsha was in turmoil; this victory broke the rebels and at last steadied the people's hearts. On report of the victory he was promoted to regional commander and granted the honorific title Katun Batulu. An imperial edict condemned Bao Qibao for cowardice and his refusal to fight, removed him from office, and immediately elevated Taqibu to acting provincial commander, with the substantive post following soon after. Earlier his Chen braves and the provincial regulars had fought in private affrays and nursed grudges, and Bao Qibao had repeatedly slandered and undermined him; when he took Bao's place he rewarded the provincial troops all around to show he bore no grudge, and the regulars were overjoyed. Everyone saw that in less than three years he had risen from colonel to sole provincial command through sheer merit, and the whole army was struck with admiration; morale revived overnight.

賊自湘潭敗後，退走岳州，分黨陷常、澧。塔齊布馳抵新牆為援，進與羅澤南合軍，會水師攻岳州，七月，克其城。賊退泊城陵磯，勢猶盛，水陸夾擊，屢挫之。曾國籓親率新募水師至，戰失利。越日，賊由城陵磯舍舟登陸踞險，三路來撲，塔齊布分路迎擊，匹馬陷陣，士卒皆猛進，破其中路，賊复包鈔；愈戰愈奮，賊敗走，追至擂鼓臺，斬馘八百，落水者無數。迭偕羅澤南合力攻賊，旬日三捷。水師乘隙進剿，賊勢始衰，岳州危而不失。閏七月，偕羅澤南、李續賓進高橋，賊出二萬人抗拒。塔齊布首先沖入，諸軍繼之，會大雨，賊砲不燃；逾溝入壘，連破賊營十三座，殲斃及逃散者數千。水師亦分路剿殺，賊遁走，追擊二百餘里，破之於羊樓峒，又破之於崇陽，克其城，咸寧亦復。曾國籓師抵金口，令羅澤南攻花園，塔齊布趨洪山。八月，武昌賊遁走，塔齊布預設伏，賊至，要擊，左右夾湖無去路，殲戮溺斃八九千人，武、漢同時克復。進攻大冶，克之。

After their defeat at Xiangtan the rebels fell back toward Yuezhou, while other bands seized Changde and Li. Taqibu hurried to Xinqian in support, advanced to join Luo Zinan, combined with the river fleet to attack Yuezhou, and in the seventh month took the city. The rebels withdrew to Chenglingji, where they were still strong, but joint land and river attacks repeatedly broke them. Zeng Guofan personally led the newly raised river fleet to the scene, but the engagement went badly. The next day the rebels abandoned their boats at Chenglingji, seized the high ground, and attacked on three fronts. Taqibu met them on each route, charged alone into the enemy line, and his men pressed forward so fiercely that they broke the center column; the rebels then tried to surround them; but the harder the fight grew, the fiercer Taqibu's men became. The rebels broke and fled; the pursuit reached Leigutai, where eight hundred were killed and countless more drowned. He and Luo Zinan attacked the rebels together again and again, winning three victories in ten days. The river fleet pressed the advantage, the rebel power began to fail, and Yuezhou, though hard pressed, held firm. In the intercalary seventh month he advanced on Gaoqiao with Luo Zinan and Li Xubin, where twenty thousand rebels came out to oppose them. Taqibu led the charge, the other columns followed, and a heavy rain fell so that the rebel guns would not fire; they crossed the ditches, stormed the works, took thirteen rebel camps in succession, and killed or scattered several thousand men. The river fleet also hunted them on several routes. The rebels fled; the pursuit ran more than two hundred li, broke them at Yangloudong and again at Chongyang, where the city was taken, and Xianning was recovered as well. Zeng Guofan's army reached Jinkou. He ordered Luo Zinan to attack Huayuan and sent Taqibu toward Hongshan. In the eighth month the Wuchang rebels fled. Taqibu had laid an ambush; when they came he cut them off between the lakes so that they had no escape, and eight or nine thousand were killed or drowned. Wuchang and Hankou were recovered together. He advanced against Daye and took it.

十月，與羅澤南會攻田家鎮，澤南攻半壁山，塔齊布屯富池口，中隔小河，作浮橋以通兩軍之路。賊以萬人來爭，澤南率李續賓奮戰，塔齊布隔港對擊，浮橋成。賊復由田家鎮渡江撲富池口營壘，迎擊敗之。遂與水師約大舉，楊岳斌、彭玉麟分隊毀其橫江鐵鎖，陸師從半壁山擁下，鏖戰一晝夜，鐵鎖盡毀，賊舟盡焚。賊棄壘而遁，克田家鎮，蘄州亦復，賜黃馬褂，予騎都尉世職。

In the tenth month he and Luo Zinan attacked Tianjiazhen together. Zinan assaulted Banbishan while Taqibu held Fuchikou; a stream lay between them, and he built a pontoon bridge to connect the two wings. Ten thousand rebels came to dispute the position. Zinan and Li Xubin fought fiercely while Taqibu attacked from across the harbor, and the pontoon bridge was finished. The rebels crossed again from Tianjiazhen to storm the Fuchikou camp, but he met them and drove them back. He then coordinated a major assault with the river fleet. Yang Yuebin and Peng Yulin broke the iron chains across the Yangzi in separate squadrons while the land force swept down from Banbishan. After a day and night of fierce fighting the chains were destroyed and every rebel vessel burned. The rebels abandoned their works and fled. Tianjiazhen was taken and Qizhou recovered. He was granted the yellow riding jacket and a hereditary Commandant of Cavalry.

偕羅澤南渡江至蓮花橋，遇伏，前隊少卻，塔齊布手刃賊目，追奔五十里，遂克廣濟。悍酋秦日綱、陳玉成、羅大綱效力守黃梅，以數万賊布小池口、孔壟驛，而大河埔、龍頭寨皆立堅壘。軍抵雙城驛，賊突來襲，堅持不動，旋突起憑高下擊，斬其渠。賊奔大河埔，糾黨返鬥，連擊敗之，殪三千餘，進攻黃梅，肉薄而登。塔齊布被石擊，流血被面，督戰益力，克其城。賊麕聚孔壟驛，三面築土城，塔齊布從西南進，累肩為梯，卓矛而躍，大破之。賊悉竄小池口，分黨奔湖口，與九江之賊相犄角。曾國籓率水師抵九江，塔齊布偕羅澤南渡江會攻。詔嘉諸將轉戰直前，同心效力，特頒珍賚。十二月，攻九江西南門不克，驍將童添元死之。會水師為賊所襲，喪失輜重。羅澤南攻小池口，塔齊布親率勇士二十人往督戰，眾寡不敵，且戰且退，匹馬衝突，為諸營扞蔽。有黃衣賊酋三來犯，塔齊布以套馬竿圈一酋斬之，奪其馬，餘賊皆靡，俟大隊沿江上，始單騎渡江回營，已除夕三鼓。

He crossed the river with Luo Zinan to Lianhuaqiao, where an ambush made the vanguard fall back. Taqibu himself cut down a rebel officer, pursued the enemy fifty li, and took Guangji. The fierce rebel leaders Qin Rigang, Chen Yucheng, and Luo Dagang defended Huangmei with all their strength. Tens of thousands of rebels held Xiaochikou and Konglong Post, and strong works stood at Dahepu and Longtousai. At Shuangcheng Post the rebels suddenly attacked, but he held his ground. Then he sprang up, struck from the high ground, and beheaded their leader. The rebels fled to Dahepu, rallied, and came back to fight, but he defeated them repeatedly, killing more than three thousand, then advanced on Huangmei and scaled the walls in close assault. A stone struck Taqibu and blood covered his face, yet he pressed the attack all the harder and took the city. The rebels massed at Konglong Post and built earthen walls on three sides. Taqibu attacked from the southwest, men climbing on one another's shoulders as ladders, leaping in with spears held high, and broke them completely. The rebels all fled to Xiaochikou while other bands ran to Hukou and linked up with the Jiujiang garrison in mutual support. Zeng Guofan brought the river fleet to Jiujiang, and Taqibu crossed with Luo Zinan to join the attack. An edict praised the generals for fighting their way forward campaign after campaign and serving with one heart, and granted them special rewards. In the twelfth month they assaulted the southwest gate of Jiujiang without success, and the fierce general Tong Tianyuan was killed. About that time the river fleet was ambushed by the rebels and lost its supplies. Luo Zinan attacked Xiaochikou. Taqibu personally led twenty picked men to direct the fight. Outnumbered, they fought as they fell back; he charged alone through the enemy ranks and shielded the other camps. Three rebel chiefs in yellow came at him. Taqibu snared one with his lasso pole, cut him down, and took his horse; the rest broke. He waited for the main column to come up along the river, then rode back alone across the Yangzi to camp—it was already deep in New Year's Eve night.

五年正月，城賊出犯，斬獲二百餘，又伏地雷誘賊來撲，斃之，戰屢捷而城不下。三月，總督楊霈師潰，武昌复陷，塔齊布分兵遣將回援。時水師半頓鄱陽湖，半回湖北，陸師留攻九江，力甚單，賊益堅拒。六月，與曾國籓會於青山議軍事，國籓謂宜移師東渡，剿湖口、東流、建德，塔齊布誓攻九江。七月，方傳令薄城，遽氣脫卒於軍，年三十有九。事聞，文宗震悼，詔依將軍例賜卹，湖南省城建專祠，諡忠武。同治三年，江南平，加三等輕車都尉世職，入祀昭忠祠。

In the first month of the fifth year the garrison sallied forth; he killed or captured more than two hundred, laid land mines to lure the enemy into a charge and destroyed them, and won repeated victories, yet the city still would not fall. In the third month Governor-General Yang Yizhen's army was routed and Wuchang fell again. Taqibu detached troops and sent generals back to its relief. Half the river fleet was held at Poyang Lake and half had returned to Hubei, while the land force that remained before Jiujiang was dangerously weak, and the rebels defended all the more stubbornly. In the sixth month he met Zeng Guofan at Qingshan to discuss strategy. Zeng Guofan urged shifting east across the river to clear Hukou, Dongliu, and Jiande, but Taqibu vowed to take Jiujiang. In the seventh month, just as orders went out to press the assault on the walls, he died suddenly in camp at the age of thirty-nine. When the news reached court, the Wenzong Emperor was stricken with grief. An edict granted funeral honors according to the precedent for a general, ordered a special temple built in Hunan, and gave him the posthumous title Zhongwu, Loyal and Martial. In the third year of Tongzhi, when Jiangnan was pacified, he was granted a third-class hereditary Commandant of Light Chariots and enshrined in the Shrine of Manifest Loyalty.

塔齊布忠勇絕倫，自擢提督，涅「忠心報國」四字於左臂。每戰，匹馬當先，不使士卒出己前。他軍被圍輒馳救。背負槍，挾弓矢，二卒持長矛、套馬竿從，皆精絕，無虛發。每逼賊壘覘形勢，瀕危輒免，賊驚為神，而從容謙退，未嘗自伐其能。在岳州，率四騎覘擂鼓臺，忽有悍酋獰髯睅目，持槊來犯。健卒黃明魁矛刺酋墜馬，塔齊布手刃殪之，獲其旗，知為偽丞相曾天養，驍桀稱最，群賊奪氣，尋皆引去。先是水師毀天養坐船，已報殲斃。塔齊布不欲爭功，終不上聞。軍中與下卒同甘苦，嘗共中夜絮語家事，念及老母，泣下。其卒也，軍民皆慟。湘潭、岳州兩捷，關係湘軍大局。曾國籓尤痛惜焉。

Taqibu's loyalty and courage were unmatched. From the day he became provincial commander he had the words "A loyal heart repays the state" tattooed on his left arm. In every battle he charged alone at the head of the line and never let his men go before him. Whenever another unit was surrounded, he rode to its relief. He carried a musket on his back and bow and arrows at his side, with two soldiers behind him bearing long spears and lasso poles. All were masters of their arms, and none ever missed. Whenever he rode up to inspect a rebel stockade he escaped danger as if by miracle, and the enemy took him for something more than human; yet he remained calm and modest and never boasted of his prowess. At Yuezhou he rode out with four men to scout Leigutai when a fierce rebel chief with bristling beard and glaring eyes charged at him with a spear. His stalwart Huang Mingkui speared the chief and knocked him from his horse; Taqibu finished him with his own blade and seized his banner. It was the false chancellor Zeng Tianyang, the rebels' fiercest fighter. The whole enemy host lost heart and soon withdrew. The river fleet had already destroyed Zeng Tianyang's boat and reported him killed. Taqibu would not claim the credit and never reported the matter to his superiors. In camp he shared the hardships of the lowest ranks and once talked of home with common soldiers far into the night; when he thought of his old mother, he wept. At his death soldiers and civilians alike mourned him. The victories at Xiangtan and Yuezhou were decisive for the Hunan army's fortunes as a whole. Zeng Guofan mourned him above all others.

畢金科，字應侯，雲南臨沅人。以徵開化苗功，敘外委。從王國才赴湖北，破賊荊州龍會橋、天門丁司橋，累擢都司。曾國籓奇其才，令從攻九江，改隸塔齊布部下。及塔齊布歿，石達開擾江西。金科每戰陷陣，驍勇為諸軍冠。五年冬，破賊樟樹鎮，而周鳳山軍敗，尋失之。六年，破賊章田渡，未幾，饒州陷，又失之。金科憤為他部所累，募死士攻取饒州。誓曰：「今日上岸不破賊，吾不復歸舟！」一鼓克其城，賜號呼爾察巴圖魯，補臨沅鎮都司，以游擊升用。名大振而忌者眾，軍食不繼，金科鬱鬱，思立奇功。江西大吏責其破景德鎮始給餉。七年正月，驟往攻之，入市不見一人，率十卒搜捕，賊蜂起，傷其七，亡其三，隻身縱橫擊刺，踐血而出。賊以噴筒環攻於王家洲，殞焉。曾國籓為勒碑紀事，稱其勇與塔齊布相埒。洎江南平，疏請優恤，贈總兵銜，諡剛毅，立祠景德鎮。

Bi Jinke, whose style was Yinghou, was a native of Linyuan in Yunnan. For his service in the campaign against the Kaihua Miao he was given the rank of acting platoon officer. He followed Wang Guocai to Hubei, defeated the rebels at Longhuiqiao in Jingzhou and at Dingsiqiao in Tianmen, and was promoted repeatedly until he reached the rank of colonel. Zeng Guofan admired his talent, assigned him to the Jiujiang campaign, and transferred him to Taqibu's command. After Taqibu's death, Shi Dakai ravaged Jiangxi. In every battle Jinke led the charge, and his courage was unmatched in the army. In the winter of the fifth year he defeated the rebels at Zhangshuzhen, but Zhou Fengshan's army was routed and the town was soon lost again. In the sixth year he defeated the rebels at Zhangtiandu, but Raozhou soon fell and was lost again. Angry that other units had undone his work, Jinke recruited dare-to-die men to retake Raozhou. He swore: "If I do not break the enemy today on shore, I will not return to my boat!" At the first assault he took the city. He was granted the title Hurcha Batulu, given a substantive colonel's post at Linyuan, and promoted to battalion commander. His fame spread, but so did envy; supplies failed to keep up, and Jinke grew restless, determined to win a spectacular victory. The Jiangxi authorities refused supplies until he took Jingdezhen. In the first month of the seventh year he rushed to attack it, entered the market and found it empty, and led ten men to search the town. Rebels rose on every side; seven of his men were wounded and three killed. He fought alone through the streets and came out treading blood. At Wangjiazhou the rebels surrounded him with fire lances and killed him. Zeng Guofan had a stele erected in his memory and declared his courage equal to Taqibu's. When Jiangnan was pacified he memorialized for generous honors: Jinke was given the posthumous rank of regional commander, the title Gangyi, Resolute and Firm, and a temple at Jingdezhen.

多隆阿，字禮堂，呼爾拉特氏，滿洲正白旗人，黑龍江駐防。由前鋒補驍騎校。咸豐三年，從勝保剿粵匪，解懷慶圍。及賊擾畿輔，僧格林沁督師，徵兵黑龍江，多隆阿率二起馬隊從克連鎮、馮官屯，擢佐領。

Dolong'a, whose style was Litang, belonged to the Hurlat clan, came from the Manchu Plain White Banner, and was garrisoned in Heilongjiang. He entered service as a vanguard and was appointed acting captain of the Vanguard Cavalry. In the third year of Xianfeng he followed Sengge Rinchen against the Cantonese rebels and helped lift the siege of Huaiqing. When the rebels threatened the capital region, Sengge Rinchen took command and levied troops from Heilongjiang. Dolong'a led the second horse contingent in the capture of Lianzhen and Fengguantun and was promoted to assistant banner commander.

五年，調援湖北，隸將軍都興阿部下。破賊黃州、新洲，從克廣濟。六年，克武昌、漢陽，加副都統銜，補協領，充行營翼長。進剿蘄州，敗賊於曹家河，复廣濟，次孔壟；賊復來犯廣濟，擊走之。時湘軍圍攻九江，賊於對岸小池口築土城，環以堅壘，附近數十里內，段窯、楓樹坳、獨山鎮等處賊壘凡數十。七年三月，都興阿與鮑超攻小池口，令多隆阿趨段窯，甫至，賊數千來拒，一戰破之，毀其壘。揚言攻獨山鎮，而暗襲楓樹坳，賊三路分拒，分擊之。別遣隊繞山南襲賊營，賊陣亂紛竄，進殪三千餘，乘勝疾趨獨山鎮。四鼓至，月明如晝，見賊壘浚深壕，木椿竹籤環之，不易攻。以輕騎誘賊出，散隊設伏，伺賊至，以勁騎衝突，又分隊潛越壕縱火，賊大奔，追殺至曉，斃賊五千，生擒數百。自是賊畏其軍，見旗輒走。

In the fifth year he was transferred to Hubei and placed under General Doxingga. He defeated the rebels at Huangzhou and Xinzhou and took part in the capture of Guangji. In the sixth year he helped take Wuchang and Hankou, was given the rank of vice banner commander, appointed co-commander of the banner, and made wing commander of the field army. Advancing against Qizhou, he defeated the rebels at Caojiahe, recovered Guangji, and then moved on Konglong; The rebels attacked Guangji again, and he drove them off. While the Hunan army besieged Jiujiang, the rebels built an earthen fort at Xiaochikou on the opposite bank, ringed with strong works. Within several tens of li nearby, they held several dozen stockades at places such as Duanyao, Fengshu'ao, and Dushanzhen. In the third month of the seventh year, Doxingga and Bao Chao attacked Xiaochikou and sent Dolong'a toward Duanyao. He had barely arrived when several thousand rebels came out to resist; one battle broke them and destroyed their stockade. He announced an attack on Dushanzhen but struck Fengshu'ao in secret. The rebels split into three lines of resistance, and he divided his own forces to attack them. He sent another detachment around the south of the mountain to strike the rebel camp. The rebel ranks broke and fled in disorder; pressing forward, he killed more than three thousand and, riding the victory, rushed on Dushanzhen. They arrived at the fourth watch. The moon was bright as day, and they found the rebel stockade ringed by deep trenches, wooden stakes, and bamboo spikes—not an easy place to assault. He used light cavalry to draw the rebels out, spread his men in ambush, and when they came charged with his best horsemen. Another detachment slipped across the moat and set fires. The rebels broke and fled; the pursuit lasted until dawn, leaving five thousand dead and several hundred taken alive. From then on the rebels feared his army and fled at the sight of its banners.

陳玉成率悍黨踞黃梅，連營百里，官軍屢挫。六月，多隆阿偕鮑超赴援，戰於黃梅十里鋪，分兵潛攻西路億生寺賊壘，賊出不意，駭奔，而十里鋪之賊亦大敗；水師進毀童司牌賊壘，湘軍自九江來援，合擊，大破賊於黃蠟山，平賊壘凡百餘，逐北至宿松城下，遂克黃梅，以副都統記名。賊尋棄宿鬆而去，多隆阿率馬隊駐守。鮑超以步隊屯二郎河。九月，賊陷太湖，分路來犯，偕鮑超合擊於涼亭河，破之；又合擊於楓香驛，賊死抗，鏖戰逾時，盡破其壘，乃遁太湖。八年春，賊由渡船口等處上犯，將綴官軍，以緩九江之攻。多隆阿伺其初至，急擊走之。

Chen Yucheng led his fiercest fighters to hold Huangmei in camps stretching a hundred li, and the government forces suffered defeat after defeat. In the sixth month Dolong'a went with Bao Chao to the relief. They fought at Shilipu in Huangmei and sent a detachment to strike secretly at the rebel stockade at Yisheng Temple on the western route. Taken by surprise, the rebels fled in panic, and the force at Shilipu was routed as well; The river fleet advanced and destroyed the rebel stockade at Tongsipai. Reinforcements came from Jiujiang, and together they routed the rebels at Huanglashan, levelled more than a hundred stockades, and pursued north to the walls of Susong before taking Huangmei. Dolong'a was recorded for appointment as vice banner commander. The rebels soon abandoned Susong and withdrew, and Dolong'a led his cavalry to garrison the city. Bao Chao posted his infantry at Er'langhe. In the ninth month the rebels took Taihu and attacked along several routes. Together with Bao Chao he combined forces at Liangtinghe and defeated them; They joined forces again at Fengxiang Post. The rebels fought to the death in a battle that raged for hours until every stockade was broken, and they fled back toward Taihu. In the spring of the eighth year the rebels advanced from Ducchuankou and other points, hoping to tie down the government forces and relieve the pressure on Jiujiang. Dolong'a waited until they had barely arrived and struck swiftly, driving them off.

四月，九江克復，多隆阿從都興阿進規安慶，石牌為要衝，賊據山阻水為堅壘，水陸重兵守之。多隆阿攻上石牌，鮑超攻下石牌，同時並下。餘壘驚竄，馬步截殺及落水溺斃者六千餘人，其酋以數十騎逃入安慶；遂進軍逼安慶，破城外九壘，城賊屢出戰，皆擊敗之。會李續賓戰歿三河，桐、舒、潛、太諸縣皆不守。安慶圍師牽動，多隆阿退保宿松。次日，賊麕至，值大霧，多隆阿驅勁騎陷陣，敢死士隨之，斫殺無算。鮑超軍夾擊，呼聲震天，賊驚潰，自相踐踏，陳玉成精銳損失過半。自三河失利後，得此捷，軍聲复震。

In the fourth month Jiujiang was recovered. Dolong'a followed Doxingga in advancing against Anqing. Shipai was the vital crossing, and the rebels had built strong works on the hills and across the water, defended by heavy forces on both land and river. Dolong'a attacked Upper Shipai while Bao Chao attacked Lower Shipai, and both positions fell at the same time. The remaining stockades broke and fled. Cavalry and infantry cut them down or drowned more than six thousand, while their chiefs escaped into Anqing with a few dozen horsemen; He then pressed on toward Anqing, took nine stockades outside the walls, and defeated every sortie the city rebels mounted. Just then Li Xubin was killed at Sanhe, and Tongcheng, Shucheng, Qianshan, Taihu, and the other counties could no longer be held. The Anqing siege force was pulled away, and Dolong'a withdrew to hold Susong. The next day the rebels poured in through heavy fog. Dolong'a drove his best cavalry into the enemy ranks, with dare-to-die troops close behind, and cut down the enemy beyond count. Bao Chao's army struck from both flanks with shouts that shook the sky. The rebels broke in panic and trampled one another, and Chen Yucheng lost more than half of his best troops. After the disaster at Sanhe, this victory restored the army's prestige.

是年冬，都興阿以病離營，奏多隆阿素當前敵，請所部悉令統帶。詔責成督率將士，就近聽胡林翼調度。九年春，進逼太湖。諸將猶謂賊銳，宜稍避，多隆阿曰：「不入虎穴，焉得虎子？」賊憑城出鬥，力戰挫之，營壘乃就。胡林翼遣唐訓方會攻，而石牌復為賊踞，攻太湖城連月不克。多隆阿謂必先取石牌而後太湖可下，乃選精銳，自茶婆嶺進兵，用火攻困之。賊由潛山、安慶兩路來援，分馬隊擊卻之。九月，复猛攻，焚其壘，殲賊酋霍天燕、石廷玉等，遂克石牌，令部將雷正綰駐守之。時湘軍圍安慶，陳玉成糾合捻匪縱十餘萬來援，太湖當其衝。胡林翼調集諸將為備，多隆阿已授福州副都統，戰略威望最著，遂令前敵諸軍並受節制。歲將盡，賊分三路至，鮑超屯小池驛，蔣凝學屯龍家涼亭，多隆阿自以馬步各隊駐新倉，硃品隆與唐訓方合軍仍圍太湖，初戰，中賊伏，頗有傷亡。賊勢專趨小池驛，鮑軍為所困。多隆阿慮牽動局勢，僅分隊為護餉道。會金國琛等軍出潛山高橫嶺、仰天庵，密約夾攻。

That winter Doxingga left camp because of illness and memorialized that Dolong'a had long borne the brunt of the fighting, asking that his entire command be placed under Dolong'a's unified leadership. An edict charged him to command his officers and men and, in the field, to accept Hu Linyi's direction. In the spring of the ninth year he pressed toward Taihu. The other generals still said the rebels were too strong and that he ought to hold back. Dolong'a said, "If you do not enter the tiger's den, how can you catch the tiger cub?" The rebels sallied from the walls to fight; he broke them after hard combat, and the encampments were finally established. Hu Linyi sent Tang Xunfang to join the attack, but Shipai had fallen to the rebels again, and the assault on Taihu city dragged on for months without success. Dolong'a said Shipai had to be taken before Taihu could fall. He chose elite troops, advanced from Chapoling, and used fire to hem the enemy in. Rebels came to reinforce from Qianshan and Anqing along two routes, and he sent cavalry to drive them back. In the ninth month he attacked again with full force, burned their stockade, and killed the rebel chiefs Huo Tianyan, Shi Tingyu, and others. Shipai then fell, and he left his subordinate Lei Zhengwan to garrison it. While the Hunan army besieged Anqing, Chen Yucheng gathered more than a hundred thousand Nian bandits to relieve the city, and Taihu lay directly in their path. Hu Linyi assembled the generals to prepare. Dolong'a had already been made vice banner commander at Fuzhou, and his strategic prestige stood highest, so every front-line army was placed under his command. As the year drew to a close, the rebels came by three routes. Bao Chao encamped at Xiaochiyi, Jiang Ningxue at Longjialangting, and Dolong'a posted mixed cavalry and infantry at Xincang, while Zhu Pinlong and Tang Xunfang kept up the siege of Taihu. In the first engagement they walked into an ambush and took heavy casualties. The rebel main force pressed Xiaochiyi, and Bao Chao's army was pinned down. Dolong'a feared that moving more troops would upset the whole front and detached only a small force to guard the supply line. Just then Jin Guochen's force and others came out from Gaohengleng and Yangtian'an in Qianshan, and the two sides secretly agreed on a pincer attack.

十年正月，賊移壘羅山沖、白沙畈，與城賊互應。多隆阿定計以大圍包裹援賊，以伏兵橫截城賊，令步隊誘敵，馬隊驟起圍擊。唐訓方鈔其後，硃品隆扼其右，鮑超遏其前，自率馬步衝突陷陣，賊大敗。次日，分軍三路，鮑超等東出小池驛，硃品隆等西趨羅山沖，多隆阿自居中路，見賊屯袤廣二十餘里，陳玉成踞羅山沖，尤為悍賊所聚，列隊進攻，為賊陣所壓，遂督中西兩路效力攻山，奮呼直上，賊始敗竄。鮑超亦由小池驛連破四路之賊，合隊追奔，同攻賊壘，乘風縱火，賊柵、賊館頃刻延燒，大小營壘百餘，一律平毀。金國琛等沿山兜擊，賊前後受敵，奪路狂竄，連夜追剿，擒斬無算。城賊聞敗，宵遁，伏兵四起，截殺未逸者，盡數殲之，即日克復太湖，乘勝追賊至潛山城下，亦克之。是役時稱奇捷，推多隆阿首功，詔加頭品頂戴。賊既敗，回踞桐城，增壘為固。七月，多隆阿率軍進逼城西，晝夜環攻，其西北山岡曰毛狗洞，賊壘最據形勢，攻下之。俯瞰全城，掘隧道轟之，未克。陳玉成復糾捻匪自舒城來援，十月，於掛車河隔河而陣，連戰敗之。復與李續宜約期合攻，裹賊於中，戰酣，以馬隊鈔擊，賊大敗，殲殪近萬，解散脅從萬餘，賊棄壘夜遁，賜黃馬褂。

In the first month of the tenth year the rebels shifted their camps to Luoshanchong and Baishafan, coordinating with the garrison inside the city. Dolong'a planned to wrap the relief force in a great encirclement, cut off the city garrison with ambush troops, use infantry to draw the enemy out, and then have cavalry rise suddenly to surround and strike. Tang Xunfang struck from behind, Zhu Pinlong held the right, and Bao Chao blocked the front, while Dolong'a personally led cavalry and infantry in a charge through the enemy ranks. The rebels were routed. The next day he split his army into three columns. Bao Chao went east from Xiaochiyi, Zhu Pinlong west toward Luoshanchong, and Dolong'a took the center. Rebel camps stretched more than twenty li, with Chen Yucheng at Luoshanchong where the fiercest fighters were gathered. His first assault was driven back, so he drove the center and western columns up the hill with shouts and hard fighting until the rebels finally broke and fled. From Xiaochiyi, Bao Chao broke rebels along four routes in succession. The combined columns pursued together, stormed the rebel camps, and set fires that spread with the wind until palisades and lodges were ablaze in moments. More than a hundred camps, large and small, were levelled. Jin Guochen and others struck along the slopes, and the rebels were caught front and rear. They broke and fled wildly, and the pursuit went on through the night with captures and kills beyond count. The city garrison heard of the defeat and fled by night. Ambush troops rose on every side and cut down those who could not escape. Taihu was recovered that same day, and riding the victory he pursued the rebels to the walls of Qianshan and took that city as well. The battle was hailed at the time as a remarkable victory, with Dolong'a credited as chief contributor. An edict granted him the first-rank official's hat button. After their defeat the rebels fell back on Tongcheng and strengthened their fortifications. In the seventh month Dolong'a led his army against the west of the city and attacked around the clock. On a northwestern hill called Maogoudong stood the rebels' strongest stockade, and he took it. From there he overlooked the whole city, dug tunnels, and blasted the walls, but still could not take it. Chen Yucheng again gathered Nian bandits from Shucheng to reinforce the city. In the tenth month at Guachehe the two sides drew up across the river, and Dolong'a defeated them in battle after battle. He again agreed with Li Xuyi on a joint attack that enveloped the rebels in the center. As the battle reached its height, cavalry struck from the rear and routed them. Nearly ten thousand were killed, more than ten thousand coerced followers were released, and the rebels abandoned their camps and fled by night. Dolong'a was granted the yellow riding jacket.

陳玉成屢為多隆阿所挫，知不敵，乃謀犯湖北。是年冬，又糾眾繞英、霍，陷蘄水，掠黃州、德安。十一年春，折回趨安慶，經掛車河，耀兵而過。多隆阿曰：「此示假道，不欲戰也。」設伏山隘，令賊過呼噪勿擊，而以輕騎躡之，斬馘甚眾。玉成入安慶，築壘集賢關，多隆阿進駐高路埔。桐城、廬江諸賊二萬餘，將與玉成聯合。多隆阿分五路進擊，迭敗之於練潭、橫山堡、金神墩、新安渡，餘賊遁回桐城。未幾，悍賊黃文金糾眾二萬餘踞天林莊，擊走之。陳玉成留悍黨守集賢關，自率馬步五六千竄馬踏石，欲與桐城諸賊會合。多隆阿要擊於河岸，卻之。四月，玉成復率諸酋合粵、捻三萬餘人圖上犯，以解安慶之圍。多隆阿分路設伏，扼之於掛車河，左右往來衝擊，伏發，四面夾攻，殲斃八九千，追剿，五戰皆捷。賊仍退桐城，安慶之援遂絕。

Chen Yucheng had been beaten again and again by Dolong'a. Knowing he could not prevail, he turned instead toward invading Hubei. That winter he gathered troops again, swung through Yingzhou and Huozhou, took Qishui, and raided Huangzhou and De'an. In the spring of the eleventh year he turned back toward Anqing, passed through Guachehe, and paraded his forces as he went. Dolong'a said, "This is only a feigned passage. They do not mean to fight." He laid ambushes in the mountain passes and ordered his men to shout as the rebels passed but not to attack, then followed with light cavalry and took a great many heads. Yucheng entered Anqing and built stockades at Jixian Pass, while Dolong'a advanced to garrison Gaolupu. More than twenty thousand rebels at Tongcheng, Lujiang, and elsewhere were about to join forces with Yucheng. Dolong'a divided his force into five columns and defeated them in succession at Liantan, Hengshanbao, Jinshendun, and Xin'an Ford. The survivors fled back to Tongcheng. Before long the fierce rebel Huang Wenjin gathered more than twenty thousand men and held Tianlinzhuang. Dolong'a attacked and drove them off. Chen Yucheng left his fiercest fighters to hold Jixian Pass and personally led five or six thousand horse and foot to slip through Matashi, hoping to join the Tongcheng rebels. Dolong'a intercepted them at the riverbank and drove them back. In the fourth month Yucheng again led various chiefs, combining Cantonese and Nian rebels numbering more than thirty thousand, in a planned thrust northward to relieve the siege of Anqing. Dolong'a set ambushes along several routes and blocked them at Guachehe. His columns struck back and forth on both flanks, ambushes rose on every side, and eight or nine thousand were killed. The pursuit continued through five battles, all of them victories. The rebels fell back to Tongcheng again, and relief for Anqing was cut off.

官文、胡林翼疏陳多隆阿樸誠忠勇，智略冠軍，為眾所悅服，於是奉幫辦軍務之命。八月，安慶克復，急令穆圖善攻桐城，即日克之。數日中連克宿松、黃梅，而舒城賊亦棄城走廬州，予雲騎尉世職。擢正紅旗蒙古都統，又擢荊州將軍。進規廬州，同治元年春，連破賊，絕其運道，賊黨相率投誠，散遣千餘人。四月，大破援賊，陳玉成戰敗不敢入城，竄走，遂克廬州。令穆圖善、雷正綰追玉成，玉成奔壽州，為練總苗沛霖擒獻勝保營，誅之。捷聞，優詔褒嘉，加予騎都尉世職。

Guan Wen and Hu Linyi memorialized that Dolong'a was plain, sincere, loyal, and brave, that his strategy surpassed the whole army, and that all were glad to follow him. He then received orders to assist in managing military affairs. In the eighth month Anqing was recovered. He urgently ordered Mu Tushan to attack Tongcheng, and the city fell the same day. Within a few days he took Susong and Huangmei in succession. The Shucheng rebels also abandoned their city and fled toward Luzhou, and he was granted the hereditary office of Cloud Cavalry Commandant. He was promoted to Mongol banner commander of the Plain Red Banner and then to Jingzhou garrison commander. He advanced against Luzhou. In the spring of the first year of Tongzhi he defeated the rebels in succession, cut their supply routes, and received groups of surrenders, releasing more than a thousand men. In the fourth month he routed the relief force. Chen Yucheng was beaten and dared not enter the city, so he fled, and Luzhou then fell. He ordered Mu Tushan and Lei Zhengwan to pursue Yucheng. Yucheng fled to Shouzhou, was seized by the militia commander Miao Peilin, and sent to Sheng Bao's camp, where he was executed. When news of the victory arrived, an edict praised and rewarded him and added the hereditary office of Commandant of Cavalry.

尋命督辦陝西軍務，率所部西征。時粵匪陳得才合捻匪姜臺凌、張洛行眾二十萬，三路窺陝。多隆阿令雷正綰、陶茂林率三千人前驅，大軍繼之，七月，抵商南。陳得才躡後路，圖截餉道，乃率穆圖善回軍掩擊，大破賊於荊子關。賊夜遁，令馬隊追賊，步隊休息，自攜數十人入商南，姜臺凌大隊突薄城下。調衛隊四營猶未至，陽示鎮靜，設伏城外，親率百餘人開城衝出，伏兵齊應，賊不知眾寡，倉皇退竄。次日，復出城誘戰，正與相持，總兵硃希廣率四營由間道來援，連日力戰，擒斬二千餘，賊乃西竄，檄溫德勒克西馬隊要截，王萬年步隊躡追。金順守荊子關，陶茂林遏武關，自率親軍於捉馬溝築壘，賊夜來襲，俟其近，排槍砲擊之，穆圖善自外夾攻，斃賊無算。至曉，見賊蟻聚，亙數十里，令降俘指認賊旗居中之紅邊白旗為姜臺凌，先集攻之。戰方酣，自率穆圖善從山側繞擊，賊敗如山倒，斫殺萬計，追至三角池，截其尾隊。姜臺凌僅以身免，張洛行聞風亦遁。詔嘉其旬日內剿除巨寇，頒賜黃馬褂及江綢刀《角枼》，以示優異。

Soon afterward he was ordered to supervise military affairs in Shaanxi and led his command west on campaign. At the time the Cantonese rebel Chen Decai had joined with the Nian bandits Jiang Tailin and Zhang Luoxing in a force of two hundred thousand, and they threatened Shaanxi along three routes. Dolong'a sent Lei Zhengwan and Tao Maolin ahead with three thousand men, followed by the main army, and in the seventh month they reached Shangnan. Chen Decai tracked their line of march and tried to cut the supply route. Dolong'a turned back with Mu Tushan, struck from cover, and routed the rebels at Jingziguan. The rebels fled by night. Dolong'a sent cavalry in pursuit and let the infantry rest, while he himself entered Shangnan with only several dozen men. Then Jiang Tailin's main force suddenly pressed up to the walls. The four guard battalions he had summoned had not yet arrived. Outwardly he remained calm, laid ambushes outside the city, and personally led more than a hundred men in a sortie through the gates. The ambush troops rose together, and the rebels, unable to tell his numbers, fled in panic. The next day he went out again to draw the enemy into battle. While the two sides were locked in combat, Brigadier Zhu Xiguang arrived with four battalions by a hidden route. They fought hard for days, capturing and killing more than two thousand. The rebels then fled west, and Dolong'a ordered Wendelekexi's cavalry to intercept them and Wang Wannian's infantry to pursue. Jin Shun held Jingziguan and Tao Maolin blocked Wuguan, while Dolong'a personally led his guard to build stockades at Zhuomagou. The rebels attacked by night, and when they drew near he opened with volleys of muskets and cannon. Mu Tushan struck from outside in pincer, and the rebels fell beyond count. By dawn he saw the rebels swarming for miles. He had surrendered captives point out the red-bordered white banner at the center of the enemy flags as Jiang Tailin's, and concentrated his force to attack it first. As the battle reached its height he personally led Mu Tushan in a flanking strike from the mountainside. The rebels collapsed like a landslide, more than ten thousand were cut down, and the pursuit reached Sanjiaochi, where the rearguard was cut off. Jiang Tailin escaped with his life alone, and Zhang Luoxing fled as soon as he heard the news. An edict praised him for destroying the great rebel force within ten days and bestowed the yellow riding jacket, a Yangtze silk sash, a knife, and a horn powder flask as marks of special favor.

時勝保入陝督師，移多隆阿赴南陽防剿，連敗賊於樊城、唐縣。尋復命赴陝。十一月，入潼關。勝保以罪逮，詔授多隆阿欽差大臣，督辦軍務。

At the time Sheng Bao entered Shaanxi to take command and shifted Dolong'a to Nanyang for defense and suppression. Dolong'a defeated the rebels in succession at Fancheng and Tang County. Soon afterward he was ordered back to Shaanxi. In the eleventh month he entered Tongguan. Sheng Bao was arrested on charges, and an edict appointed Dolong'a Imperial Commissioner with charge of military affairs.

回匪方熾，遍擾東西北三路，陝南則為粵、捻、川匪所出沒。多隆阿令雷正綰任西路，自剿東路，克韓村、背坡諸賊營，同州解圍。二年春，督軍並攻王閣村、羌白鎮，破之。回匪自倡亂，至是始被痛創，遂進攻倉頭鎮。多隆阿積勞致病，將士亦多染疫，遣將分攻龐谷、雷化、喬千、孝義諸鎮，皆克，惟倉頭為老巢，負嵎未下。四月，移營進逼，揮軍縱擊，破其土城，賊大奔，追殺無算，東路肅清。令曹克忠一軍赴西安護運道，自率穆圖善等攻高陵，分路夾擊，八月，克之，掃蕩附近賊巢。

Muslim rebels were then at their height, raiding the eastern, northern, and western routes everywhere, while southern Shaanxi was overrun by Cantonese, Nian, and Sichuan bandits. Dolong'a put Lei Zhengwan in charge of the western route and himself cleared the eastern route, taking the rebel camps at Hancun, Beipo, and elsewhere and relieving Tongzhou. In the spring of the second year he directed a joint assault on Wanggecun and Qiangbaizhen and broke both positions. Since the Muslim rebels had risen in revolt, only now did they suffer a severe blow, and he advanced to attack Cangtouzhen. Dolong'a fell ill from overwork, and many of his officers and soldiers were stricken with epidemic disease. He sent generals to attack Penggu, Leihua, Qiaoqian, Xiaoyi, and other towns in separate columns, and all fell. Only Cangtou, their old lair, still held out in stubborn defiance. In the fourth month he moved camp closer and launched a full assault, broke their earthen wall, and put the rebels to rout. The pursuit left dead beyond count, and the eastern route was cleared. He sent Cao Kezhong's army to Xi'an to guard the supply route and personally led Mu Tushan and others against Gaoling in a pincer attack. The city fell in the eighth month, and nearby rebel nests were swept clean.

關輔略定，而漢南諸賊紛擾。川匪藍朝柱近踞盩厔，三年春，親督兵力攻，城小而固，多隆阿憤甚，臨高指揮督戰，城已垂破，忽中槍，傷頭目，將士攻城益力，旋克之。事聞，溫詔慰勞，賜上方藥，遣其子馳驛省視。尋命督辦陝、甘兩省軍務。四月，創甚，卒於軍。贈太子太保，予一等輕車都尉世職，入祀京師昭忠祠，立功地建專祠，諡忠勇。未幾，江寧复，加一云騎尉，並為一等男爵。子雙全襲，官頭等侍衛。

The region around the capital was roughly pacified, but rebels in southern Han were still in turmoil. The Sichuan rebel Lan Chaozhu had recently seized Zhouzhi. In the spring of the third year Dolong'a personally led the assault. The city was small but stubborn, and Dolong'a, furious, commanded the fight from a height. The walls were already giving way when he was struck by a bullet and wounded in the head. His officers and men redoubled the attack and soon took the city. When the news reached court, the emperor issued a warm edict of commendation, sent imperial medicine, and dispatched his son by courier to visit him. He was soon appointed to supervise military affairs in Shaanxi and Gansu. In the fourth month his wounds proved mortal, and he died in the field. He was posthumously made Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent, granted a first-class hereditary Commandant of Light Chariots, enshrined in the Shrine of Manifest Loyalty at the capital, given a special temple where he had won distinction, and honored with the posthumous title Zhongyong, Loyal and Brave. Not long afterward Jiangning was recovered, and an additional Cloud Cavalry Commandant was added to his honors, raising the whole to a first-class barony. His son Shuangquan inherited the honors and served as a First Class Bodyguard.

孫壽長，光緒中，官正黃旗滿洲副都統，統奉天仁字軍，因事革職。二十六年，俄兵入邊，壽長力請戰，召回京，未行，為俄人所執，不屈死。

Sun Shouzhang, during the Guangxu reign, served as vice banner commander of the Manchu Plain Yellow Banner and commanded the Fengtian Ren-character army before being dismissed for misconduct. In the twenty-sixth year, when Russian troops crossed the border, Shouzhang pleaded urgently to be allowed to fight. He was recalled to the capital, but before he could set out he was captured by the Russians and died rather than submit.

鮑超，字春霆，四川奉節人。咸豐初，以行伍從提督向榮廣西剿匪，尋入湖南協標。四年，曾國籓治水師，調充哨長。勇銳過人，每以單舸衝賊隊，當者辟易。從克岳州、武昌、漢陽，破賊田家鎮、武穴，積功擢守備，賜花翎。五年，武昌复陷，赴援，胡林翼拔充營官。擊賊於漢陽小河口、鮎魚套，屯沌口，破宗關賊壘，擢都司。會金口陸軍潰，賊聚攻胡林翼於高廟。超飛棹往救，力戰卻之。德安、應城之賊復由溳口來犯，火其舟，拔林翼於重圍。進搗賊營，右肋中砲，裹創而戰，復金口。論功最，擢游擊，賜號壯勇巴圖魯。

Bao Chao, whose style was Chunting, came from Fengjie in Sichuan. At the start of the Xianfeng reign he enlisted and followed Regional Commander Xiang Rong to suppress rebels in Guangxi, then transferred into the Hunan auxiliary garrison. In the fourth year Zeng Guofan raised a river fleet and assigned Bao Chao as a squad leader. He was fiercer and bolder than most men, and often drove a lone boat straight into rebel lines; anyone in his path fell back. He helped take Yuezhou, Wuchang, and Hankou, broke the rebels at Tianjiazhen and Wuxue, and for repeated merit was promoted to garrison commander and awarded the peacock feather. In the fifth year Wuchang fell again. Bao Chao marched to its relief, and Hu Linyi appointed him battalion commander. He fought the rebels at Xiahekou and Nianyutao in Hankou, encamped at Zhunkou, and stormed the rebel works at Zongguan, earning promotion to battalion vice commander. At that moment the land army at Jinkou broke, and the rebels gathered to assault Hu Linyi at Gaomiao. Bao Chao raced his boats to the rescue, fought hard, and beat the rebels back. Rebels from De'an and Yingcheng attacked again through Yuankou. He burned their boats and pulled Hu Linyi out of a heavy encirclement. Pressing the rebel camp, he took a cannon shot in the right side, bound the wound, and fought on until Jinkou was recovered. Rated highest for merit, he was promoted to mobile corps commander and granted the honorific title Zhuangyong Batulu.

六年，林翼疏薦超勇敢冠軍，曉暢兵略，以水師總兵記名。夏，會攻漢陽，扼沙口，斷賊往來，江面肅清，擢參將。武昌既复，林翼令赴長沙募勇三千，創立霆字五營，改領陸軍。七年，補陝西宜君營參將。攻小池口，破賊於孔壟，援黃梅。時總兵王國才戰歿濯港，賊甚張。眾議水陸暫扼守，超不可，主速戰，多隆阿讚之，以騎兵助攻億生寺賊壘。戰一日夜，傷左膝右臂，不退，遂破黃蠟山賊巢，生擒賊渠，斬馘五千有奇。擢副將，加總兵銜。乘勝焚黃梅後山，進屯宿松二郎河，平涼亭、祝家塝賊壘。陳玉成擁眾數万踞楓香驛，連破之，奪其十三壘。八年，援麻城，克黃安，偕多隆阿進規太湖。超攻北門，燒賊火藥庫，破雷公埠、石牌賊營，斬馘萬餘，授湖南綏靖鎮總兵。進攻安慶省城，而三河軍敗，陳玉成糾捻眾上犯，都興阿令超退守二郎河，遏賊衝。超偕多隆阿大破賊於宿松東北花涼亭，斬偽成天侯韋廣新以下渠目三百餘，殲賊八千，散脅從數万。捷聞，優敘。

In the sixth year Hu Linyi memorialized that Bao Chao's courage led the army and that he understood strategy well, and had him registered for appointment as regional commander of the river fleet. That summer he joined the attack on Hankou, held Shakou, severed rebel communications, and cleared the river, earning promotion to brigade vice commander. After Wuchang was recovered, Hu Linyi sent him to Changsha to raise three thousand braves, form the five Ting-character battalions, and take command of land troops. In the seventh year he was appointed brigade vice commander of the Yijun Garrison in Shaanxi. He attacked Xiaochikou, broke the rebels at Konglong, and marched to relieve Huangmei. Regional Commander Wang Guocai had just been killed at Zhuogang, and the rebels were riding high. The commanders debated holding back on land and water, but Bao Chao refused and argued for a quick fight. Dolong'a agreed and sent cavalry to help attack the rebel stockade at Yisheng Temple. The fighting lasted a day and a night. Wounded in the left knee and right arm, he still would not pull back, broke the rebel stronghold at Huanglashan, took the rebel chieftain alive, and killed more than five thousand men. He was promoted to brigade commander and granted the rank of regional commander. Pressing the victory, he burned the hills behind Huangmei, moved up to encamp at Erlanghe in Susong, and cleared the rebel works at Pingliangting and Zhujiapeng. Chen Yucheng held Fengxiang Post with tens of thousands of men. Bao Chao defeated him again and again and took thirteen of his stockades. In the eighth year he relieved Macheng, took Huang'an, and joined Dolong'a in advancing against Taihu. Bao Chao assaulted the north gate, burned the rebel powder store, broke the camps at Leigongbu and Shipai, and killed more than ten thousand men. He was appointed regional commander of the Suijing Garrison in Hunan. He advanced against the provincial city of Anqing, but the army was routed at Sanhe. Chen Yucheng rallied Nian bandits and marched north, and Doxingga ordered Bao Chao to fall back to Erlanghe and block the rebel drive. Bao Chao and Dolong'a won a great victory at Hualiangting northeast of Susong, beheading more than three hundred rebel commanders down to the false Chengtian Marquis Wei Guangxin, killing eight thousand rebels, and scattering tens of thousands of forced followers. On report of the victory he received special honors.

九年，會諸軍圍太湖，陳玉成糾眾十餘萬來援。多隆阿總統諸軍，撤圍分屯，備大戰。超壁小池驛，十二月，賊至，壓超軍而壘，凡百餘座。超破其十餘壘，賊悉銳更番環逼，晝夜力禦，棚帳皆為砲裂，士卒傷痍，糧道將斷，超志氣彌奮，相持二十餘日。十年正月，援軍自潛山天堂出，諸軍乃約期夾擊。超空壁而出，賊圍之數重，為方陣拒戰，四路賊皆破。合諸軍盡焚賊壘，斬馘無算，遂克太湖。官文等奏捷，謂：「非超勇鷙堅強，以二千人獨御前敵，血戰兼旬，則援應各師，必有緩不濟急之勢。」詔加提督銜。超與多隆阿不相下，為胡林翼故，勉屈聽節制。臨危，多隆阿復不力救，雖成功，頗觖望，林翼慰解之，遂乞假省親去軍。

In the ninth year the allied armies besieged Taihu, and Chen Yucheng marched to its relief with more than a hundred thousand men. Dolong'a assumed overall command, broke off the siege, and spread the armies in separate camps to prepare for a major battle. Bao Chao fortified himself at Xiaochiyi. In the twelfth month the rebels arrived, pressed his line, and threw up more than a hundred stockades. Bao Chao stormed more than ten of their stockades, but the rebels sent wave after wave of their best troops to ring him in. Day and night he held them off as cannon fire tore through tents and shelters. His men were battered, supplies nearly exhausted, yet his resolve only hardened, and the stand lasted more than twenty days. In the first month of the tenth year relief troops emerged from Tiantang in Qianshan, and the armies fixed a date for a pincer attack. Bao Chao left his works empty and sallied out. The rebels closed around him in ring after ring, but he formed a square, fought them off, and broke every one of the four rebel columns. The allied armies burned the rebel stockades to the ground, killed rebels beyond count, and at last took Taihu. Guan Wen and others reported the victory, declaring: "Had Bao Chao not been so fierce and unyielding, holding the front alone with two thousand men through more than ten days of bloody fighting, the relieving columns would surely have arrived too late to save the day." An edict granted him the rank of provincial military commander. Bao Chao and Dolong'a were unwilling to defer to each other, but for Hu Linyi's sake he grudgingly submitted to Dolong'a's command. When the crisis came Dolong'a again failed to rescue him with full force. Though the campaign succeeded, Bao Chao was deeply resentful. Hu Linyi tried to soothe him, but he asked for leave to visit his family and quit the field.

曾國籓方規皖南，奏令超增募萬人以從，未至，悍賊黃文金由浙入贛，李秀成亦由蕪湖上犯，取包圍遠勢。詔促超赴軍，而寧國陷，褫勇號，責圖克復。賊已直犯祁門大營，國籓兵單，誓死守。超至休寧，聞警，日馳百餘里，連戰皆捷，驅賊出嶺，國籓亦不意超軍遽至也。詔嘉其神速，賜號博通額巴圖魯。進援江西景德鎮，與左宗棠會剿，因雨遲至。宗棠假霆軍旗幟，賊見之卻走。復回踞洋塘、謝家灘。十一年正月，超至，大戰破之。黃文金負創遁，追敗之黃麥鋪，復建德。曾國籓奏請以超軍為江、皖游擊之師。陳玉成與安慶城賊夾攻官軍，頗為所困。超渡江援之，大破賊於赤岡嶺，生擒悍黨劉瑲琳。既而李秀成犯江西，連陷二十餘城。超破之於樟樹鎮，斬馘萬餘，被珍賚。又進解撫州圍。調援江北，至南昌，聞安慶已克復，回軍戰於貴溪、雙港、湖坊河口，大破賊，遂克鉛山，解廣信圍，李秀成遁走。命遇提督缺出侭先題奏。規取青陽，敗援賊，盡毀城外賊壘。

Zeng Guofan was then planning operations in southern Anhui and asked that Bao Chao raise ten thousand more men to join him. Before Bao Chao arrived, the fierce rebel Huang Wenjin entered Jiangxi from Zhejiang, and Li Xiucheng also marched up from Wuhu, seeking to envelop the government forces from afar. An edict urgently summoned Bao Chao back to the field, but Ningguo had already fallen. His honorific brave title was stripped, and he was ordered to recover the city. The rebels were already bearing down on the main camp at Qimen. Zeng Guofan's force was thin, but he vowed to hold the line to the death. Bao Chao reached Xiuning, heard the alarm, and raced more than a hundred li in a day. Battle after battle went his way, and he drove the rebels back over the pass. Zeng Guofan had not expected his army to arrive so swiftly. An edict commended his speed and granted him the honorific title Botonge Batulu. He marched to relieve Jingdezhen in Jiangxi and was to join Zuo Zongtang in a joint campaign, but rain delayed him. Zuo Zongtang borrowed the banners of Bao Chao's Ting army, and the rebels fell back at the sight of them. The rebels fell back and reoccupied Yangtang and Xiejiawan. In the first month of the eleventh year Bao Chao arrived and routed them in a major battle. Huang Wenjin fled with wounds. Bao Chao pursued, defeated him at Huangmaipu, and recovered Jiande. Zeng Guofan memorialized that Bao Chao's army be made a mobile strike force for Jiangxi and Anhui. Chen Yucheng and the rebels inside Anqing attacked the government forces from both sides and had them badly pinned down. Bao Chao crossed the river to their relief, won a great victory at Chigangling, and captured the fierce rebel Liu Qilin alive. Soon afterward Li Xiucheng invaded Jiangxi and took more than twenty cities in succession. Bao Chao defeated him at Zhangshuzhen, killed more than ten thousand rebels, and received lavish rewards from the throne. He then marched forward and lifted the siege of Fuzhou. Transferred to relieve the north bank of the Yangtze, he reached Nanchang and learned that Anqing had already fallen to the government. He turned back, fought at Guixi, Shuanggang, and Hufanghekou, routed the rebels, took Qianshan, lifted the siege of Guangxin, and drove Li Xiucheng off. He was ordered to be the first recommended whenever a provincial military commander's post fell vacant. He moved to take Qingyang, defeated the relieving rebels, and destroyed every rebel work outside the walls.

同治元年，詔推恩諸將，嘉超屢著戰功，賜黃馬褂，授浙江提督。時賊聚皖南，東連蘇、浙，西瀕江，上自建德、東流，下至銅陵、蕪湖。超東西策應，解銅陵圍，克青陽、石埭、太平、涇縣，大破楊輔清於寧國，復其城，予雲騎尉世職。賊首洪容海、張遇春先後投誠，受降，編其眾為啟化營、春字營，從戰皆有功。是年冬，丁母憂，請終制，詔奪情留軍。二年，戰涇縣。賊設伏來誘，超亦潛伏山坳以伺，斷賊後路，夾擊，大破之，遂克西河，灣沚。黃文金竄鄱陽，方欲赴援，李秀成又陷江浦、浦口，超馳救，破賊青溪鎮，連克巢縣、含山，和州、江浦、浦口，北岸肅清；遂會水師克九洑洲，而青陽又被圍，馳至，賊遁，追破之於曹塘，進攻東壩賊巢，克之。賊酋先後率眾降者數万，建平、溧水皆复。曾國籓奏以東壩為重隘，令超駐守，以備游擊。

In the first year of Tongzhi the throne extended honors to the generals. Bao Chao, praised for repeated victories, was granted the yellow riding jacket and appointed provincial military commander of Zhejiang. The rebels were then massed in southern Anhui, linked eastward with Jiangsu and Zhejiang and westward along the river from Jiande and Dongliu down to Tongling and Wuhu. Bao Chao maneuvered east and west in support, lifted the siege of Tongling, took Qingyang, Shidi, Taiping, and Jingxian, routed Yang Fuqing at Ningguo and recovered the city, and was granted the hereditary office of Cloud Cavalry Commandant. The rebel leaders Hong Ronghai and Zhang Yuchun surrendered in turn. Bao Chao accepted them, organized their men into the Qihua Battalion and the Chun-character Battalion, and they served well in the campaigns that followed. That winter his mother died. He asked to observe the full mourning period, but an edict recalled him from mourning and kept him with the army. In the second year he fought at Jingxian. The rebels laid an ambush to draw him in. Bao Chao hid his men in a mountain hollow, cut off their retreat, and struck from both sides, routing them and taking Xihe and Wanzhi. Huang Wenjin fled into Poyang, and Bao Chao was preparing to move against him when Li Xiucheng again took Jiangpu and Pukou. Bao Chao raced to the rescue, broke the rebels at Qingxizhen, and in succession took Chaoxian, Hanshan, Hexian, Jiangpu, and Pukou, clearing the north bank; He then joined the river fleet in taking Jiufuzhou. Qingyang came under siege again, and he raced there as the rebels fled. He pursued, broke them at Caotang, advanced on the rebel stronghold at Dongba, and took it. Rebel leaders surrendered in waves with tens of thousands of followers, and Jianping and Lishui were both recovered. Zeng Guofan reported that Dongba was a critical pass and ordered Bao Chao to hold it as a base for mobile operations.

三年春，克句容、金壇。時蘇、浙敗賊聚於江西，命超馳援，破賊於豐城。會江寧克復，論功，予一等輕車都尉世職。七月，破許灣賊巢，連克崇仁、宜黃、東鄉、奎谿、南豐。賊酋陳炳文以六萬人降，受之。追賊贛南，解寧都圍，殲賊萬計，賜雙眼花翎。賊酋汪海洋遣黨詐降，整軍以待，驟擊之，潰，入瑞金，城下屍積為阜，城賊亦遁，追至福建境。洪秀全幼子福瑱為贛軍所擒，詔錫封超一等子爵。

In the spring of the third year he took Jurong and Jintan. Defeated rebels from Jiangsu and Zhejiang were then massed in Jiangxi, and Bao Chao was ordered to their relief. He broke them at Fengcheng. When Jiangning was recovered, his merits were assessed and he was granted the hereditary office of first-class Commandant of Light Chariots. In the seventh month he stormed the rebel stronghold at Xuwan and in succession took Chongren, Yihuang, Dongxiang, Kuixi, and Nanfeng. The rebel leader Chen Bingwen surrendered with sixty thousand men, and Bao Chao accepted them. He pursued the rebels into southern Gan, lifted the siege of Ningdu, killed rebels by the tens of thousands, and was awarded the double-eyed peacock feather. The rebel leader Wang Haiyang sent men to feign surrender. Bao Chao kept his army ready, then struck suddenly. The rebels broke and fled into Ruijin, where corpses heaped below the walls like embankments. The garrison fled as well, and he pursued them to the Fujian border. Hong Xiuquan's young son Fuzhen was captured by the Jiangxi army, and an edict ennobled Bao Chao as a first-class viscount.

先是，超請回籍葬親，賜銀五百兩，命俟江、皖肅清後予假。是年冬，申前請，允之，復命假滿率舊部出關援新疆。所部多南人，畏遠征，疆臣多以為言，請留剿粵匪餘孽，曾國籓亦請先留甘肅內地。超已令部將宋國永率八千人先發，四年春，至湖北金口，軍潰。詔急起超於家，免其出關，改赴福建，命沿途招撫潰勇。潰勇多降眾，仍由江西趨粵與匪合，超由贛州進剿。時粵匪餘黨聚踞嘉應州，汪海洋已為閩軍所殲，賊中推譚體元為首。十二月，戰於平成鋪，賊踞嶺而陣。超合閩、粵諸軍大破之，追至城下，宵遁。預設伏於黃沙障及北溪、白沙壩，五路兜擊，譚體元中槍墜崖死，諸酋擒斬無漏網者，獲叛勇歐陽輝、黃矮子等磔之。粵匪蕩平，加一云騎尉世職。五年，仍授浙江提督，命移師剿捻，追逐於湖北、河南、陝西界上，賊望風輒走。疆臣爭欲得其兵為助，以西安戒嚴，詔飭赴陝。

Earlier Bao Chao had asked to return home to bury his parent. The throne granted five hundred taels of silver and ordered that leave be given once Jiangxi and Anhui were pacified. That winter he renewed his request and it was granted. He was also ordered that when his mourning leave ended he was to lead his old troops west to relieve Xinjiang. Most of his men were southerners and dreaded a distant expedition. Frontier officials repeatedly petitioned that he be kept to suppress the remaining Cantonese rebels, and Zeng Guofan also asked that he be held first in the interior of Gansu. Bao Chao had already sent his lieutenant Song Guoyong ahead with eight thousand men. In the spring of the fourth year they reached Jinkou in Hubei, and the army broke up. An edict urgently recalled Bao Chao from home, exempted him from the Xinjiang expedition, and redirected him to Fujian with orders to gather and pacify scattered troops along the route. Many of the scattered troops were surrendered rebels. They still moved through Jiangxi toward Guangdong to rejoin the insurgents, and Bao Chao advanced against them from Ganzhou. The remaining Cantonese rebels were then massed at Jiaying Prefecture. Wang Haiyang had already been destroyed by the Fujian army, and the rebels raised Tan Tiyuan as their leader. In the twelfth month he fought at Pingchengpu, where the rebels held the ridge in battle formation. Bao Chao joined the Fujian and Guangdong armies in a great victory, pursued the rebels to the city walls, and drove them to flee by night. He had already set ambushes at Huangshazhang, Beixi, and Baishaba, and five columns closed in on the rebels. Tan Tiyuan was shot, fell from a cliff, and died. Every rebel chief was captured or killed, none escaping the net. The turncoat soldiers Ouyang Hui, Huang Aizi, and others were taken and executed by dismemberment. With the Cantonese rebels thoroughly suppressed, he was granted an additional hereditary Cloud Cavalry Commandant. In the fifth year he was again appointed provincial military commander of Zhejiang and ordered to turn his army against the Nian bandits. He chased them along the borders of Hubei, Henan, and Shaanxi, and the rebels fled at the mere sight of his banners. Frontier officials all vied for his troops as reinforcements, but with Xi'an under martial alert an edict ordered him to march to Shaanxi.

六年正月，抵樊城，聞捻匪至，與淮軍將劉銘傳約期於安陸永隆河夾擊。銘傳先至，為賊所敗，夷傷頗重。超至，擊賊背，大破之。任柱、賴文光遁走，俘其妻孥，奪回所失軍裝。超久為名將，銘傳後起與之埒。是役超自以轉敗為勝有功，而銘傳咎其後至，李鴻章右銘傳，超大憤，稱病。迭詔慰勉，曾國籓及鴻章馳書相繼。超終乞罷去軍，所部三十營，令部將宋國永、唐仁廉分領。詔婁雲慶代將，皆慮其軍難制，遣散過半焉。

In the first month of the sixth year he reached Fancheng, learned that Nian bandits were approaching, and arranged with Huai Army general Liu Mingchuan for a pincer attack at Yonglonghe in Anlu. Mingchuan arrived first and was beaten by the rebels, with heavy casualties. Bao Chao arrived, struck the rebels from the rear, and routed them utterly. Ren Zhu and Lai Wenguang fled. Their families were taken prisoner, and the lost military equipment was recovered. Bao Chao had long been a renowned commander, but Mingchuan had risen later to match him. In this battle Bao Chao believed he deserved credit for snatching victory from defeat, but Mingchuan blamed him for arriving late. Li Hongzhang sided with Mingchuan, and Bao Chao, furious, pleaded illness. Repeated edicts sought to comfort and encourage him, and Zeng Guofan and Li Hongzhang sent letters one after another. Bao Chao finally begged to leave the army. His thirty battalions were placed under his lieutenants Song Guoyong and Tang Renlian. An edict appointed Lou Yunqing to take command, but everyone feared the army would prove unruly, and more than half the men were disbanded.

超既歸，屢敕問病狀。十三年，召來京，因病未復，仍續假。光緒六年，起授湖南提督，募軍駐樂亭防俄羅斯，事定回任。八年，復以病請解職。十一年，法越戰起，命率師駐雲南馬白關外。和議成，撤防回籍。十二年，卒，贈太子少保，賜銀三千兩治喪，立功地建專祠，諡忠壯。子祖齡襲爵，官浙江金衢嚴道。

After Bao Chao returned home, the throne repeatedly sent edicts inquiring after his health. In the thirteenth year he was summoned to the capital, but because he had not recovered from illness his leave was extended. In the sixth year of Guangxu he was recalled and appointed provincial military commander of Hunan. He raised troops and posted them at Leting to guard against Russia; when the crisis passed he returned to duty. In the eighth year he again asked to resign on grounds of illness. In the eleventh year the Franco-Vietnamese war broke out, and he was ordered to lead his troops to camp outside Mabai Pass in Yunnan. Once peace was concluded, the garrison was withdrawn and he returned home. In the twelfth year he died. He was posthumously made Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent, granted three thousand taels of silver for his funeral, given a dedicated shrine at the site of his victories, and honored with the posthumous name Zhongzhuang, Loyal and Magnificent. His son Zuling inherited the title and served as intendant of the Jin-Qu-Yan Circuit in Zhejiang.

超治軍信賞必罰，不事苛細，得士卒死力。進戰，疾如風雨，賊望而披靡，棄械跪馬前，即不殺，以此服其威信。所部多驍將，宋國永、婁雲慶最為所倚。譚勝達、唐仁廉亦並至專閫。

Bao Chao governed his army with unwavering reward and punishment, spared no petty meddling, and won his men's utter devotion. In attack he moved like wind and rain. Rebels broke at the sight of him, and those who cast down their weapons and knelt before his horse were spared. In this way they came to fear his authority and prestige. His command boasted many fierce generals, above all Song Guoyong and Lou Yunqing, on whom he relied most heavily. Tan Shengda and Tang Renlian likewise rose to independent provincial command.

國永，四川人。由軍功補千總。初從鮑超隸水師，以戰金口功，擢守備。破賊童司牌、黃蠟山，克麻城、黃安，累擢參將。霆軍初立，為營官。咸豐十年，曾國籓調霆軍赴皖南。鮑超方假歸，國永暫統其軍。及超至，從攻休寧，分兵复黟縣，連破賊於羊棧嶺、盧村、洋塘、黃麥鋪，功皆最，超擢以總兵記名。十一年，補廣西梧州協副將。從援江西，破賊樟樹鎮，加提督銜。克鉛山，解撫州、廣信圍，以提督記名。同治元年，克青陽、寧國，授直隸宣化鎮總兵。時楊輔清仍踞寧國附近圖返攻，國永屯老祖山，迭破來犯之賊。二年，進克西河、灣沚，賜黃馬褂。

Song Guoyong was a native of Sichuan. He earned appointment as company commander through military merit. He first served under Bao Chao in the river fleet and, for his part in the battle at Jinkou, was promoted to garrison commander. He broke the rebels at Tongshipai and Huanglashan, took Macheng and Huang'an, and was repeatedly promoted until he reached brigade vice commander. When the Ting Army was first formed, he served as a battalion officer. In the tenth year of Xianfeng, Zeng Guofan transferred the Ting Army to southern Anhui. Bao Chao was then on leave, and Song Guoyong temporarily took command of his army. When Bao Chao arrived, Song Guoyong joined the attack on Xiuning, sent detachments to recover Yi County, and in succession broke the rebels at Yangzhanling, Lucun, Yangtang, and Huangmaipu. Each time his merit was rated highest, and Bao Chao had him registered for appointment as regional commander. In the eleventh year he was appointed assistant brigade deputy of the Wuzhou Garrison in Guangxi. He joined the relief of Jiangxi, broke the rebels at Zhangshuzhen, and was granted the rank of provincial military commander. He took Qianshan, lifted the sieges of Fuzhou and Guangxin, and was registered for appointment as provincial military commander. In the first year of Tongzhi he captured Qingyang and Ningguo and was appointed regional commander of Xuanhua Garrison in Zhili. Yang Fuqing still held ground near Ningguo and plotted a counterattack. Song Guoyong encamped at Laozushan and repeatedly repulsed the rebels who came against him. In the second year he advanced and took Xihe and Wanzhi, and was granted the yellow riding jacket.

三年，江南平，鮑超回籍，國永與婁雲慶分領其軍，調赴福建，未行。四年，鮑超將赴新疆，國永率所部由江西先發，軍中索餉鼓譟，撫定之。道經湖北，复譁潰於金口。坐不能約束，褫職留營。從克嘉應州，復原官。從剿捻匪，自永隆河破賊後，鮑超乞病，軍中事一倚國永。及超去軍，國永先請散遣己所部眾，餘付婁雲慶統之。八年，授雲南鶴麗鎮總兵。李鴻章疏陳國永戰績，稱為膽識兼優、不可多得之才。留於兩江委用，駐防鎮江。光緒初，調赴福建。四年，卒，詔念前功，允祀四川、湖北霆軍昭忠祠。

In the third year, with Jiangnan pacified, Bao Chao returned home and Song Guoyong and Lou Yunqing divided command of his army. Orders came to transfer them to Fujian, but they had not yet marched. In the fourth year, as Bao Chao prepared to march to Xinjiang, Song Guoyong led his troops out first through Jiangxi. The men mutinied demanding pay, and he restored order. On the march through Hubei they mutinied again and broke at Jinkou. Punished for failing to maintain discipline, he was stripped of rank but kept with the army. He took part in capturing Jiaying Prefecture and was restored to his former rank. He joined the campaign against the Nian bandits, and after the victory at Yonglonghe Bao Chao pleaded illness and left all army affairs to Song Guoyong alone. When Bao Chao left the army, Song Guoyong first asked to disband the men under his own command and handed the rest over to Lou Yunqing. In the eighth year he was appointed regional commander of Heli Garrison in Yunnan. Li Hongzhang memorialized Song Guoyong's battle record and praised him as a man of courage and judgment alike, a talent rarely found. He was kept for service in the Two Jiangs region and posted at Zhenjiang. Early in the Guangxu reign he was transferred to Fujian. In the fourth year he died. An edict recalled his earlier service and permitted his spirit tablet to be enshrined in the Ting Army Loyalty Martyrs Shrines in Sichuan and Hubei.

雲慶，湖南長沙人。初入水師，累功至都司，尋充霆軍營官。咸豐十年，小池驛之戰，功最，擢參將。從戰皖南，會鮑超赴援江西，留雲慶率四營扼漁亭。賊聞大軍遠出，突來犯，擊走之。追至岩勍，斃賊酋黃世瑚等，复擊敗上溪口賊。十一年，會克休寧。既而攻徽州，諸軍失利，雲慶仍挫賊，全軍而退。尋會張運蘭戰盧村，遂克徽州，以總兵記名。從鮑超轉戰江西，數破賊，功最，授直隸正定鎮總兵。同治元年，從克青陽，乘勝攻石埭，雲慶率士卒負板薄城，蟻附而登，克之。時霆軍威名益著，營隊日增。曾國籓令雲慶與宋國永為其軍分統，克寧國，以提督記名，賜黃馬褂。三年，分兵克金壇。及江寧既下，調援江西。既而鮑超奉命西征，分兵令宋國永赴陝甘，雲慶率萬人援福建。國永軍再譁潰，雲慶軍不遠役，又得餉，未為搖動。尋從鮑超滅賊於嘉應，始赴正定鎮本任。六年，鮑超病歸，眾慮霆軍難制，曾國籓薦雲慶才能應變，詔飭接統。遂裁撤全軍，改募五千人，號曰霆峻營，駐防湖北。明年，捻平，雲慶請歸養。光緒初，復起授正定鎮總兵。十七年，擢湖南提督。三十年，以老乞歸，卒於家。

Lou Yunqing was a native of Changsha, Hunan. He first joined the river fleet, rose through repeated merit to colonel, and soon became a battalion officer in the Ting Army. In the tenth year of Xianfeng, at the battle of Xiaochiyi, his merit was rated highest and he was promoted to brigade vice commander. He fought in southern Anhui. When Bao Chao marched to relieve Jiangxi, Lou Yunqing was left with four battalions to hold Yuting. Hearing that the main army had marched far off, the rebels suddenly attacked, but he beat them back. He pursued them to Yanqing, killed the rebel chiefs Huang Shihu and others, and then defeated the rebels at Shangxikou. In the eleventh year he joined in capturing Xiuning. Soon afterward they attacked Huizhou. The allied armies were beaten, but Lou Yunqing still checked the rebels and withdrew his whole force intact. He soon joined Zhang Yunlan in battle at Lucun and captured Huizhou, and was registered for appointment as regional commander. Campaigning with Bao Chao across Jiangxi, he repeatedly broke the rebels, his merit was rated highest, and he was appointed regional commander of Zhengding Garrison in Zhili. In the first year of Tongzhi he helped take Qingyang and, pressing the victory, attacked Shicheng. Lou Yunqing led his men up to the walls under shield boards, swarmed over them like ants, and took the city. By then the Ting Army's renown was ever greater, and its battalions grew daily. Zeng Guofan put Lou Yunqing and Song Guoyong in joint command of the army. They captured Ningguo, Lou Yunqing was registered for appointment as provincial military commander, and he was granted the yellow riding jacket. In the third year he sent detachments and captured Jintan. After Jiangning fell, he was transferred to relieve Jiangxi. Soon afterward Bao Chao was ordered west. Troops were divided: Song Guoyong was sent to Shaanxi and Gansu, while Lou Yunqing led ten thousand men to reinforce Fujian. Song Guoyong's army mutinied and broke again, but Lou Yunqing's men were not sent on distant service, received their pay, and held firm. He soon followed Bao Chao in wiping out the rebels at Jiaying and only then took up his substantive post at Zhengding Garrison. In the sixth year Bao Chao went home ill. Everyone feared the Ting Army would prove unruly, but Zeng Guofan recommended Lou Yunqing for his resourcefulness, and an edict ordered him to take command. He then disbanded the whole force, recruited five thousand fresh troops under the name Ting Jun battalions, and posted them in Hubei. The next year, with the Nian suppressed, Lou Yunqing asked to retire and care for his parents. Early in the Guangxu reign he was recalled and again appointed regional commander of Zhengding Garrison. In the seventeenth year he was promoted to provincial military commander of Hunan. In the thirtieth year he asked to retire on account of age, returned home, and died there.

勝達，湖南長沙人。咸豐中，投效霆軍，無役不從。石牌、羊棧嶺、洋塘、赤岡嶺諸戰，功皆最，累擢至副將。從戰雙港，克鉛山，賜號協勇巴圖魯。同治元年，赴援銅陵，戰橫塘，斬賊酋於陣。進攻城外賊壘，勝達偕唐仁廉冒砲煙逾壕，奪其一壘，餘壘皆下。賊夜遁，复銅陵，以總兵記名。又戰於寒亭，勝達橫衝賊隊截為四，不能成伍，大破之，复寧國，加提督銜。二年，分兵解涇縣圍，連奪西河、灣沚要隘，詔遇總兵缺先行簡放。三年，克句容，以提督記名。鮑超以東壩為重隘，令勝達守之。賊至，蔽山谷。勝達陷陣，刺殺其酋，賊大潰。踐屍追擊，殲斃數千。尋赴援江西，克新城，解寧都圍。四年，霆軍以索餉毆傷糧道段起，勝達坐褫職，尋復之。及嘉應殄滅粵匪，賜黃馬褂，授直隸正定鎮總兵。八年，始赴任，練軍捕盜，濬河修堤，頗著勞勚。光緒元年，卒於官，賜卹，諡勇愨。

Tan Shengda was a native of Changsha, Hunan. During the Xianfeng era he joined the Ting Army and fought in every campaign. At Shipai, Yangzhanling, Yangtang, Chigangling, and other battles his merit was rated highest each time, and he rose through repeated promotion to brigade deputy. He fought at Shuanggang, captured Qianshan, and was granted the honorific title Xieyong Batulu. In the first year of Tongzhi he marched to relieve Tongling, fought at Hengtang, and killed a rebel chief in the field. Pressing the rebel stockades outside the walls, Tan Shengda and Tang Renlian braved the cannon fire, crossed the moat, took one stockade, and the rest fell in turn. The rebels fled by night, Tongling was recovered, and he was registered for appointment as regional commander. He fought again at Hanting. Tan Shengda charged through the rebel ranks, cut them into four scattered groups, and routed them utterly. Ningguo was recovered, and he was granted the rank of provincial military commander. In the second year he sent detachments to lift the siege of Jing County and in succession seized the strategic passes at Xihe and Wanzhi. An edict directed that whenever a regional commander's post opened, he should be appointed first. In the third year he captured Jurong and was registered for appointment as provincial military commander. Bao Chao considered Dongba a critical pass and ordered Tan Shengda to hold it. When the rebels came, they filled the valleys. Tan Shengda plunged into the enemy lines, killed their chief, and the rebels broke in utter rout. He pursued over the dead, killing several thousand. He soon marched to relieve Jiangxi, captured Xincheng, and lifted the siege of Ningdu. In the fourth year the Ting Army, demanding pay, beat and wounded grain transport official Duan Qi. Tan Shengda was stripped of rank for failing to control his men, but was soon restored. After the Cantonese rebels were destroyed at Jiaying, he was granted the yellow riding jacket and appointed regional commander of Zhengding Garrison in Zhili. In the eighth year he finally took up his post, drilled troops against bandits, dredged rivers and repaired dikes, and won considerable distinction. In the first year of Guangxu he died in office. Condolence gifts were granted, and he was honored with the posthumous name Yongque, Valiant and Sincere.

唐仁廉，湖南東安人。初隸楊岳斌部下。粵匪韋志俊以池州降，仁廉從彭玉麟往受之。賊黨忽變，仁廉手刃其悍者數人，岳斌嘉其勇，令選降眾立仁字營。咸豐十年，改隸霆軍。從戰太平、石埭間，擢守備。克黟縣、建德，擢游擊，賜號壯勇巴圖魯。破安慶援賊於赤岡嶺，戰豐城，克鉛山，累擢副將。同治元年，克青陽，以總兵記名。三年，克金壇，以提督記名。四年，戰嘉應，粵匪蕩平，賜黃馬褂。五年，從剿捻匪，率馬隊逐賊於鄂、豫之交。六年，大破賊於永隆河，連敗之於鍾祥池河、棗陽平林店。鮑超解軍事，仁廉分統其眾，從李鴻章剿匪。東捻平，論功，遇提督侭先簡放。西捻張總愚犯畿輔，仁廉追賊於直隸、河南、山東三省之間，連敗之濬縣大伾山、海豐郝家寨、商河李家坊。又偕郭松林合擊於沙河，總愚中槍遁，再敗之於高唐盧寨。西捻平，以一等軍功議敘。九年，從李鴻章援陝西，平北山土匪。尋調防畿輔，駐青縣馬廠。十三年，授通永鎮總兵。光緒十年，擢廣東水師提督。二十年，皇太后萬壽恩，詔加尚書銜。日本犯遼東，時以唐仁廉為霆軍舊將，召至京。仁廉奮發陳方略，請募二十營當前敵，允之。及成軍出關，和議旋定，遂還。二十一年，卒，賜卹。

Tang Renlian was a native of Dong'an, Hunan. He first served under Yang Yuebin. When the Cantonese rebel Wei Zhijun surrendered Chizhou, Tang Renlian went with Peng Yulin to accept the surrender. The rebel party suddenly turned on them. Tang Renlian personally cut down several of their fiercest men. Yang Yuebin praised his courage and had selected surrendered troops formed into the Ren-character battalion under his command. In the tenth year of Xianfeng he was transferred to the Ting Army. He fought between Taiping and Shicheng and was promoted to garrison commander. He captured Yi County and Jiande, was promoted to mobile corps commander, and was granted the honorific title Zhuangyong Batulu. He broke the Anqing relief force at Chigangling, fought at Fengcheng, captured Qianshan, and rose through repeated promotion to brigade deputy. In the first year of Tongzhi he captured Qingyang and was registered for appointment as regional commander. In the third year he captured Jintan and was registered for appointment as provincial military commander. In the fourth year he fought at Jiaying. With the Cantonese rebels thoroughly suppressed, he was granted the yellow riding jacket. In the fifth year he joined the campaign against the Nian bandits, leading his cavalry in pursuit of the rebels along the Hubei-Henan frontier. In the sixth year he routed the rebels at Yonglong River and defeated them again at Zhongxiang Chihe and Zaoyang Pinglin Store. When Bao Chao stepped down from military command, Tang Renlian took joint charge of his forces and followed Li Hongzhang in suppressing the rebels. After the Eastern Nian were pacified, merits were assessed, and when he reached the rank of provincial military commander he was among the first selected for appointment. When the Western Nian leader Zhang Zongyu invaded the capital region, Tang Renlian pursued the rebels across Zhili, Henan, and Shandong, defeating them repeatedly at Dapishan in Jun County, Haojiazhai in Haifeng, and Lijiafang in Shanghe. He also joined Guo Songlin in a combined attack at Shahe. Zhang Zongyu was wounded by gunfire and fled, and they defeated him again at Luzhai in Gaotang. After the Western Nian were pacified, his merits were assessed at first-class military distinction. In the ninth year he followed Li Hongzhang to relieve Shaanxi and pacified the bandits of the northern hills. He was soon transferred to guard the capital region and garrisoned at Machang in Qing County. In the thirteenth year he was appointed regional commander of Tongyong Garrison. In the tenth year of Guangxu he was promoted to provincial military commander of the Guangdong naval forces. In the twentieth year, on the occasion of the empress dowager's birthday amnesty, an edict granted him the honorary rank of secretary of state. When Japan invaded eastern Liaodong, Tang Renlian, as a veteran general of the Ting Army, was summoned to the capital. Tang Renlian spoke with vigor, setting forth his strategy and requesting permission to recruit twenty battalions to meet the enemy at the front. His request was approved. By the time the army was formed and marched out through the pass, peace talks had been settled, and he returned. In the twenty-first year he died. Condolence gifts were granted.

劉松山，字壽卿，湖南湘鄉人。初應募入湘營，隸王珍部下，從平永州、郴、株諸匪，以功擢千總。咸豐七年，克崇陽、通山，擢守備，始領一營。從援江西，克廣昌、樂安，擢都司。王珍卒，張運蘭分領其軍。松山從戰克建昌，擢游擊。賊由福建回竄江西，陷安仁。松山從破賊於青山鋪，進攻安仁，攀堞先登，克之，擢參將。會剿廣東連州踞賊，擒其酋，折回江西。

Liu Songshan, style Shouqing, was a native of Xiangxiang, Hunan. He first enlisted in the Hunan camp and served under Wang Zhen, helping to pacify the rebels of Yongzhou, Chen, and Zhuzhou. For his merit he was promoted to platoon commander. In the seventh year of Xianfeng he captured Chongyang and Tongshan, was promoted to garrison commander, and for the first time took command of a battalion. He marched to relieve Jiangxi, captured Guangchang and Le'an, and was promoted to battalion commander. When Wang Zhen died, Zhang Yunlan took divided command of his army. Liu Songshan fought and captured Jianchang and was promoted to mobile corps commander. The rebels doubled back from Fujian into Jiangxi and captured Anren. Liu Songshan helped defeat the rebels at Qingshanpu, advanced to attack Anren, was first to scale the ramparts and reach the top, captured the city, and was promoted to colonel. He joined in suppressing the entrenched rebels at Lianzhou in Guangdong, captured their chieftain, and returned to Jiangxi.

九年，轉戰至徽州，屯祁門。賊自盧村來犯，突擊敗之。會諸軍克景德鎮，追至浮梁，爭渡橋，賊返鬥，城賊出助。松山據橋血戰，軍賴以全，遂克浮梁，擢副將。十年，追敘連州功，加總兵銜，賜號志勇巴圖魯。十一年，克建德、黟縣，進攻徽州，賊夜劫營，諸營皆潰，松山列隊月下不少動，賊不敢逼。遮諸將曰：「我第四旗劉松山也！」戒勿奔，眾始定。曾國籓自是待之以國士。賊再入黟縣，再克之。毀樟嶺、盧村賊壘，賊棄徽州遁，進克休寧，以總兵記名。楊輔清复糾黨圍徽州，松山四戰皆捷。援軍至，會擊於岩市，賊引去。同治元年，克旌德。張運蘭以病歸，松山與總兵易開俊分領其眾。守寧國，大疫，士卒多病，松山加意撫循，力疾戰守。二年，援涇縣，破賊於金村、李村，而賊乘虛襲寧國，松山馳還，設伏敬亭山，伺賊至，分三路鼓譟而進，伏起夾擊，伏尸塞途，蹙餘賊水濱多死。三年，大軍克江寧，松山收降潰賊四千人。皖境肅清，署皖南鎮總兵。

In the ninth year he fought his way to Huizhou and encamped at Qimen. When rebels came from Lucun to attack, he struck suddenly and defeated them. When allied armies captured Jingdezhen and pursued to Fuliang, they vied to cross the bridge. The rebels turned and fought back, and the garrison rebels came out to assist. Liu Songshan held the bridge in bloody battle, and the army owed its survival to him. Fuliang was then captured, and he was promoted to brigade deputy. In the tenth year his past merit at Lianzhou was assessed. He received the brevet rank of regional commander and was granted the honorific title Zhiyong Batulu. In the eleventh year he captured Jiande and Yi County and advanced to attack Huizhou. The rebels raided the camp by night and every camp broke except his. Liu Songshan drew up his ranks under the moon without shifting, and the rebels did not dare press close. He blocked the fleeing generals and cried: "I am Liu Songshan of the Fourth Banner!" Do not flee!" Only then did the men settle. From this time Zeng Guofan treated him as a man of national stature. When the rebels re-entered Yi County, he captured it again. He destroyed the rebel fortifications at Zhangling and Lucun. The rebels abandoned Huizhou and fled. He advanced and captured Xiuning and was registered for appointment as regional commander. When Yang Fuqing again gathered followers to besiege Huizhou, Liu Songshan won all four battles. When relief troops arrived, they joined in an attack at Yanshi and the rebels withdrew. In the first year of Tongzhi he captured Jingde. When Zhang Yunlan returned home on account of illness, Liu Songshan and regional commander Yi Kaijun divided command of his troops. While garrisoning Ningguo during a great epidemic, many of his soldiers fell ill. Liu Songshan gave them special care and comfort, and though ill himself, he battled on and held the city. In the second year he went to relieve Jing County and defeated the rebels at Jincun and Licun, but the rebels seized the opportunity to strike Ningguo. Liu Songshan raced back and set an ambush on Jingtingshan. When the rebels arrived, he advanced along three routes with drums and clamor. The ambush rose to attack from both sides, corpses of the fallen filled the road, and he drove the survivors to the riverbank where many drowned. In the third year the main army captured Jiangning, and Liu Songshan received the surrender of four thousand scattered rebels. When Anhui was pacified, he was appointed acting regional commander of Southern Anhui Garrison.

四年，授甘肅肅州鎮總兵，仍調皖南鎮。曾國籓督師剿捻匪，奏以鬆山獨統湘軍從征，屯臨淮。時湘將久役思歸，又不習北方水土，皆不原從。惟松山投袂而起，立率所部渡江。有譁餉者，誅數人而定。五年，敗捻首張總愚、牛洛紅於湖團，又敗之於徐州西，追剿入河南。張總愚踞西華，牛洛紅踞上蔡，設伏萬金寨，圖鈔襲官軍。松山與總兵李祥和擊破之，進攻雙廟，大破之，又敗之郾城、南陽、新野。總愚挾眾竄陝西，自此與任柱等分，不復合，號為西捻。

In the fourth year he was appointed regional commander of Suzhou Garrison in Gansu but remained assigned to Southern Anhui Garrison. When Zeng Guofan directed the campaign against the Nian bandits, he memorialized that Liu Songshan alone should command the Hunan army on campaign. Songshan encamped at Linhuai. At the time the Hunan generals, weary from long service, longed to return home and were unaccustomed to the climate and terrain of the north. None wished to follow. Only Liu Songshan flung up his sleeves and rose at once, leading his troops across the river. When some of his men mutinied over pay, he executed several ringleaders and order was restored. In the fifth year he defeated the Nian chiefs Zhang Zongyu and Niu Luohong at Hutuan, defeated them again west of Xuzhou, and pursued the campaign into Henan. Zhang Zongyu held Xihua and Niu Luohong held Shangcai. They set an ambush at Wanjinzhai, intending a surprise attack on the government army. Liu Songshan and regional commander Li Xianghe broke them, advanced to attack Shuangmiao and routed them, and defeated them again at Yancheng, Nanyang, and Xinye. Zhang Zongyu fled with his followers into Shaanxi. From this time he separated from Ren Zhu and the others and they never reunited again. They were called the Western Nian.

時議遣援剿之師，因陝境殘破，諸將皆觀望。惟松山毅然自任，率師西行，曾國籓尤重之。六年，擢廣東陸路提督。張總愚與回匪合，踞郿縣，進擊走之。轉戰扶風、岐山間，於涇陽要擊竄賊，殲斃數千。追至富平，破其壘，而陝軍戰灞橋失利，賊犯同州、朝邑。松山疾趨，及賊於晉成堡、姜彥村，張兩翼擊之，賊敗走。追至許家莊，復返鬥，血戰四時，大破之，同、朝圍解，被珍賚。賊勢猶張，渡渭犯西安，松山會戰於城南，斬馘數千，解散萬人。六月，左宗棠蒞陝督師，張總愚复結回匪窺同州、朝邑，分黨踞流曲鎮、王寮鎮以阻師。松山連拔二鎮，繞北山趨朝邑，截賊前。賊走高陵，复渡涇而東，松山據涇，濬壕築牆而守。賊鋌走入北山，陷綏德州。十一月，松山偕郭寶昌擊敗之。

At the time there was discussion of dispatching a relief army for the suppression campaign, but because Shaanxi was ravaged and ruined, all the generals held back and watched. Only Liu Songshan resolutely took the task upon himself and led his army west. Zeng Guofan valued him all the more. In the sixth year he was promoted to provincial military commander of the Guangdong land forces. Zhang Zongyu joined with Muslim rebels and held Mei County. Liu Songshan advanced, attacked, and drove them off. Fighting between Fufeng and Qishan, he intercepted the fleeing rebels at Jingyang and killed several thousand. He pursued to Fuping and broke their fortifications, but the Shaanxi army was defeated at Baqiao and the rebels invaded Tongzhou and Chaoyi. Liu Songshan hurried forward, caught the rebels at Jincheng Fort and Jiangyancun, spread both wings to attack, and the rebels were defeated and fled. He pursued to Xujiazhuang. The rebels turned and fought again, and after four hours of bloody battle he routed them. The sieges of Tongzhou and Chaoyi were lifted, and he received precious rewards from the throne. Rebel strength was still rampant. They crossed the Wei River and invaded Xi'an. Liu Songshan joined battle south of the city, killed and counted several thousand, and disbanded ten thousand men. In the sixth month Zuo Zongtang arrived in Shaanxi to direct the campaign. Zhang Zongyu again allied with Muslim rebels and eyed Tongzhou and Chaoyi, dividing his forces to hold Liuqu Town and Wangliao Town and block the army's advance. Liu Songshan captured both towns in succession, circled through the northern hills toward Chaoyi, and cut off the rebels' advance. The rebels fled toward Gaoling and again crossed the Jing River eastward. Liu Songshan held the Jing, dug moats, built walls, and defended. The rebels dashed into the northern hills and captured Suide Prefecture. In the eleventh month Liu Songshan together with Guo Baochang defeated them.

賊棄綏德城，踐冰渡河，入山西，陷吉州、鄉寧。松山偕郭寶昌追剿，克二城，解河津、稷山之圍，又追敗之洪洞。賊由垣曲入河南境，七年正月，迳犯畿輔。松山間道逾太行，冒雪日行百數十里，先諸軍抵保定，特詔嘉獎，優敘。敗賊於獻縣商家林，又敗之深州、博野。偕郭寶昌、張曜、宋慶合擊於深澤，大破之，賊渡滹沱南竄。畿輔解嚴，晉號達桑阿巴圖魯。迭追擊於河南延津、封丘，山東海豐，直隸長垣、慶雲、滄州、吳橋，大小數十戰，與淮、楚諸軍長圍困賊，六月，張總愚赴水死。捻匪平，賜黃馬褂，予三等輕車都尉世職。從左宗棠還陝剿回。

The rebels abandoned Suide city, crossed the river on the ice, entered Shanxi, and captured Jizhou and Xiangning. Liu Songshan together with Guo Baochang pursued the campaign, captured both cities, lifted the sieges of Hejin and Jishan, and defeated the rebels again at Hongdong. The rebels entered Henan from Yuanqu, and in the first month of the seventh year they directly invaded the capital region. Liu Songshan took a bypath over the Taihang Mountains, marching more than a hundred li through the snow each day, and arrived at Baoding ahead of all other armies. A special edict commended him and his merits were assessed with preferential honors. He defeated the rebels at Shangjialin in Xian County and defeated them again at Shenzhou and Boye. Together with Guo Baochang, Zhang Yao, and Song Qing he launched a combined attack at Shenze and routed them. The rebels crossed the Hutuo southward in flight. Martial law in the capital region was lifted, and he was advanced in honorific title to Dasang'a Batulu. He pursued the rebels in succession at Yanjin and Fengqiu in Henan, Haifeng in Shandong, and Changyuan, Qingyun, Cangzhou, and Wuqiao in Zhili — several dozen battles large and small. Together with the Huai and Chu armies he maintained a long encirclement of the rebels, and in the sixth month Zhang Zongyu drowned himself. When the Nian bandits were pacified, he was granted the yellow riding jacket and given the hereditary office of third-class commandant of light chariots. He followed Zuo Zongtang back to Shaanxi to suppress the Muslim rebels.

松山在軍十餘年，僅因募勇一歸里，聘婦二十年未娶；至是婦家待於洛陽，成禮旬日即行。冬，抵陝，議先平土匪，乃可專力剿回。次綏德，分軍攻懷遠大理川回巢。自督攻小理川、店子寺、周家嶮，悉拔之。破定邊回酋馬萬得、馬棘子眾數万。八年，部卒合會匪叛，踞綏德，松山馳捕首逆百餘人而定，自請重處，革職留任。進剿西北路諸堡，收降董福祥等眾凡十七萬人，榆、延、綏、鄜四郡皆肅清。

Liu Songshan had been in the army for more than ten years and had returned home only once to recruit troops. He had been betrothed for twenty years without marrying; Now the bride's family waited at Luoyang. He completed the wedding ceremony and within ten days departed. In winter he reached Shaanxi. They agreed that local bandits must first be pacified before they could concentrate on suppressing the Muslim rebels. At Suide he dispatched divided forces to attack the Muslim strongholds at Huaiyuan and Dalichuan. He personally directed attacks on Xiaolichuan, Dianzisi, and Zhoujiaxian and captured them all. He defeated the Dingbian Muslim chiefs Ma Wande and Ma Jizi and their forces, numbering tens of thousands. In the eighth year his troops joined with local secret-society bandits in revolt and seized Suide. Liu Songshan raced there, captured more than a hundred ringleaders, and restored order. He requested severe punishment for himself and was stripped of rank but retained in office. He advanced to suppress the fortresses of the northwest route and received the surrender of Dong Fuxiang and others, totaling one hundred seventy thousand men. The four prefectures of Yulin, Yan'an, Suide, and Fu were all pacified.

秋，度隴規靈州，破李旺堡、黑城子回寨數百，克靈州，開復處分。敗匪乞撫，察其詐，擊之，平大小堡寨數十。進攻金積堡。堡酋馬化隆悍狡為諸回之最，黨眾糧足，負嵎已久，官軍屢為所挫。松山先籌糧運，敗其黨援，大舉穩進。西寧、河州、臨洮、靖遠諸回皆震其威，不敢來救，先平堡北諸莊寨。九年正月，賊在秦渠南，踞石家莊及馬五、馬七、馬八諸寨，負嵎抗拒。松山先破石家莊，督攻馬五寨，破其援賊，毀外卡，縱火焚寨門。垂克，砲中左乳，墜馬，諸將來視，叱令整隊速攻，毋亂行列，遂破馬五寨。松山創甚，顧諸將曰：「我受國恩未報，即死，毋遽歸我屍，當為厲鬼殺賊。」遂卒，年三十有八。

In autumn he crossed the Long Mountains toward Lingzhou, broke several hundred Muslim stockades at Liwang Fort and Heichengzi, captured Lingzhou, and was rewarded for restoring the territory. When defeated rebels begged for peace, he detected their deception and attacked, pacifying several dozen large and small fortresses. He advanced to attack Jinjibao. The fortress chieftain Ma Hualong was the fiercest and most cunning of all the Muslim leaders. His followers were numerous and well supplied with grain, and entrenched for long behind steep defenses. The government army had repeatedly been defeated by them. Liu Songshan first arranged grain transport, defeated their allied relief forces, and advanced in strength with steady, deliberate pace. Muslims of Xining, Hezhou, Lintao, Jingyuan, and elsewhere were all awed by his might and dared not come to the rescue. He first pacified the villages and stockades north of the fortress. In the first month of the ninth year the rebels south of the Qin Canal held Shijiazhuang and the stockades of Ma Wu, Ma Qi, and Ma Ba, stubbornly resisting from entrenched positions. Liu Songshan first broke Shijiazhuang, directed the attack on Ma Wu's stockade, broke their relief force, destroyed the outer barriers, and set fire to the stockade gate. On the verge of capture, a cannonball struck his left breast and he fell from his horse. When his generals came to see him, he shouted that they should form ranks and attack swiftly without breaking formation. Ma Wu's stockade was then taken. Grievously wounded, Liu Songshan looked at his generals and said: "I have not yet repaid the grace of the state. Even if I die, do not hurry to return my corpse — I shall become a vengeful ghost and kill rebels. He then died, at the age of thirty-eight.

事聞，詔嘉其謀勇兼優，無愧名將，贈太子少保，加騎都尉兼一云騎尉，入祀京師昭忠祠，立功地建專祠，諡忠壯。松山既歿，兄子錦棠代領其眾，留其柩未歸以系軍心。次年，克金積堡，特詔賜祭一壇。十二年，甘回悉平，追論前功，加一等輕車都尉，並世職為二等子爵。嗣子鼒襲，官至山西按察使。

When word reached the throne, an edict praised his combined excellence in strategy and courage, declaring him worthy of a famed general. He was posthumously granted Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent, additional captaincy of cavalry with one yunqiwei, enshrined in the Capital Shrine of Loyalty and Devotion, and given a dedicated shrine at the place of his service. He was granted the posthumous name Zhongzhuang, Loyal and Valiant. After Liu Songshan's death, his elder brother's son Liu Jintang took command of his troops in his stead. His coffin was kept from being sent home to steady the army's morale. The following year Jinjibao was captured, and a special edict granted one ritual offering altar in his honor. In the twelfth year, when the Gansu Muslims were wholly pacified, his past merits were assessed posthumously. He was granted an additional first-class commandant of light chariots, and his hereditary office was combined as a second-class viscount. His son Zi inherited the hereditary rank and eventually rose to provincial judicial commissioner of Shanxi.

=【論】=論曰：曾國籓湘軍初起，賴塔齊佈為助，及規江寧，清江、皖後路，則鮑超之力為多。胡林翼由鄂規皖，悉倚多隆阿、鮑超二人。塔齊布不幸早歿。多隆阿才略冠時，朝廷倚以剿回，中道而殞，未竟其用。鮑超攻戰無敵，動招眾忌，功成身退，亦以保全之。劉松山後起，忠誠獨著，左宗棠平捻、平回，胥資其力；使獲永年，其建樹未可量也。

= Commentary = The commentators observe that when Zeng Guofan's Hunan army was first formed, it depended heavily on Taqibu; when the campaign turned toward Jiangning and toward securing the rear through the Qing River region and Anhui, Bao Chao's contribution was greatest of all. When Hu Linyi advanced on Anhui from Hubei, he relied entirely on Dolong'a and Bao Chao. Taqibu, alas, died before his time. Dolong'a's talent and strategy were unmatched in his day; the court relied on him to suppress the Muslim rebels, but he died in mid-career before his abilities could be fully realized. Bao Chao was unrivaled in the field, yet he constantly provoked envy; by achieving his aims and then retiring, he also preserved himself. Liu Songshan came to prominence later, distinguished above all for loyalty; Zuo Zongtang's pacification of the Nian and of the Muslim rebels both owed much to his strength; had he lived out a full span of years, his achievements might have been beyond reckoning.

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