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李典李通臧霸文聘吕虔许褚典韦庞德庞淯阎温
This scroll groups the biographies of Li Dian, Li Tong, Zang Ba, Wen Pin, Lü Qian, Xu Chu, Dian Wei, Pang De, Pang Jun, and Yan Wen.
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李典字曼成,山阳钜野人也。 典从父乾,有雄气,合宾客数千家在乘氏。 初平中,以众随太祖,破黄巾於寿张,又从击袁术,征徐州。 吕布之乱,太祖遣乾还乘氏,慰劳诸县。 布别驾薛兰、治中李封招乾,欲俱叛,乾不听,遂杀乾。 太祖使乾子整将乾兵,与诸将击兰、封。 兰、封破,从平兗州诸县有功,稍迁青州刺史。 整卒,典徙颍阴令,为中郎将,将整军, 〈《魏书》曰:典少好学,不乐兵事,乃就师读《春秋左氏传》,博观群书。 太祖善之,故试以治民之政。〉 迁离狐太守。
Li Dian, whose courtesy name was Mancheng, came from Juye in Shanyang commandery. His uncle Li Qian was a man of bold spirit who had assembled several thousand dependent families at Chengshi. During the Chuping era he joined Cao Cao with his band, helped smash the Yellow Turbans at Shouzhang, served against Yuan Shu, and took part in the Xu Province campaigns. When Lü Bu rose in revolt, Cao Cao sent Li Qian home to Chengshi to reassure the local counties. Lü Bu's staff officers Xue Lan and Li Feng tried to win Li Qian over to rebellion; he refused, and they murdered him. Cao Cao put Li Qian's son Li Zheng at the head of his father's force to join the other generals against Xue Lan and Li Feng. After Xue Lan and Li Feng were destroyed, he helped pacify Yanzhou and rose step by step to inspector of Qingzhou. When Li Zheng died, Li Dian became magistrate of Yingyin and a general of the household, taking command of Li Zheng's troops, 〈The Book of Wei records that Li Dian loved books as a young man and disliked war; he apprenticed himself to read the Zuo zhuan and ranged widely through other texts. Cao Cao approved and deliberately tested him in civil office.〉 He was promoted to governor of Lihu commandery.
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时太祖与袁绍相拒官渡,典率宗族及部曲输谷帛供军。 绍破,以典为裨将军,屯安民。 太祖击谭、尚於黎阳,使典与程昱等以船运军粮。 会尚遣魏郡太守高蕃将兵屯河上,绝水道,太祖敕典、昱:“若船不得过,下从陆道。” 典与诸将议曰:“蕃军少甲而恃水,有懈怠之心,击之必克。 军不内御; 苟利国家,专之可也,宜亟击之。” 昱亦以为然。 遂北渡河,攻蕃,破之,水道得通。 刘表使刘备北侵,至叶,太祖遣典从夏侯惇拒之。 备一旦烧屯去,惇率诸军追击之,典曰:“贼无故退,疑必有伏。 南道狭窄,草木深,不可追也。” 惇不听,与于禁追之,典留守。 惇等果入贼伏里,战不利,典往救,备望见救至,乃散退。 从围鄴,鄴定,与乐进围高幹於壶关,击管承於长广,皆破之。 迁捕虏将军,封都亭侯。 典宗族部曲三千餘家,居乘氏,自请原徙诣魏郡。 太祖笑曰:“卿欲慕耿纯邪?” 典谢曰:“典驽怯功微,而爵宠过厚,诚宜举宗陈力; 加以征伐未息,宜实郊遂之内,以制四方,非慕纯也。” 遂徙部曲宗族万三千餘口居鄴。 太祖嘉之,迁破虏将军。 与张辽、乐进屯合肥,孙权率众围之,辽欲奉教出战。 进、典、辽皆素不睦,辽恐其不从,典慨然曰:“此国家大事,顾君计何如耳,吾可以私憾而忘公义乎!” 乃率众与辽破走权。 增邑百户,并前三百户。
While Cao Cao held the line at Guandu against Yuan Shao, Li Dian convoyed grain and cloth for the army with his kinsmen and household troops. After Yuan Shao's defeat he was named major general and posted to Anmin. Cao Cao struck Yuan Tan and Yuan Shang at Liyang and ordered Li Dian and Cheng Yu to move supplies by river. Yuan Shang sent the governor of Wei, Gao Fan, to block the river; Cao Cao told Li Dian and Cheng Yu that if the convoy could not get through they should shift to a land route. Li Dian urged his colleagues, Gao Fan is lightly armored and overconfident behind the river—he can be overrun. In the field a commander who sees a chance for the realm need not wait on capital orders. We should hit him now. An army on campaign cannot wait for every order from the rear. When the common good is at stake, a forward commander may act on his own—we should move immediately. Cheng Yu agreed. They crossed to the north bank, smashed Gao Fan, and reopened the supply line. Liu Biao sent Liu Bei north as far as Ye; Cao Cao detached Li Dian to serve under Xiahou Dun against him. Liu Bei burned his camps overnight and slipped away; Xiahou Dun gave chase. Li Dian warned, A retreat without battle smells of ambush. The southern track is narrow and overgrown—we should not follow. The defile is tight and the brush thick—a pursuit would be reckless. Xiahou Dun refused to listen and went ahead with Yu Jin, leaving Li Dian to hold the camp. They walked into Liu Bei's trap; Li Dian's counterattack broke the encirclement and Liu Bei withdrew when he saw relief arrive. He joined the siege of Ye, then with Yue Jin invested Gao Gan at Huguan and campaigned against Guan Cheng in Changguang, winning both actions. He was promoted to general who captures bandits and received a village marquisate at the capital. More than three thousand households of his clan and retainers lived at Chengshi; he asked to relocate them all into Wei commandery. Cao Cao laughed and asked whether he meant to imitate Geng Chun's famous resettlement of his clan. Li Dian bowed and said, I am a mediocre soldier who has received too much honor; I wish to bring my people closer so they may serve you. With war still raging, strengthening the heartland steadies the frontiers—this is not mere imitation of Geng Chun. The heartland must be stocked while armies are in the field; my purpose is practical, not sentimental. He therefore moved more than thirteen thousand followers and relatives to Ye. Cao Cao commended him and named him general who breaks bandits. With Zhang Liao and Yue Jin he held Hefei when Sun Quan brought a great army; Zhang Liao meant to obey Cao Cao's order and sortie. The three had never been friends, and Zhang Liao feared Li Dian would balk; Li Dian declared, "This is the state's crisis, not a private quarrel—I will follow your plan." He led his men with Zhang Liao and helped drive Sun Quan from the walls. His fief rose by a hundred households to three hundred in all.
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典好学问,贵儒雅,不与诸将争功。 敬贤士大夫,恂恂若不及,军中称其长者。 年三十六薨,子祯嗣。 文帝践阼,追念合肥之功,增祯邑百户,赐典一子爵关内侯,邑百户; 谥典曰愍侯。
Li Dian loved books, respected literati, and never wrangled for credit with fellow commanders. He treated scholars with deference and carried himself with modesty; the troops called him the elder among them. He died at thirty-six, and his son Li Zhen inherited his title. Emperor Wen, remembering Hefei, added a hundred households to Li Zhen's fief and enfeoffed one of Li Dian's sons as a secondary marquis with another hundred households, and posthumously titled Li Dian Marquis Min, "the Pitiable."
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李通字文达,江夏平春人也。 〈《魏略》曰:通小字万亿。〉 以侠闻於江、汝之间。 与其郡人陈恭共起兵於朗陵,众多归之。 时有周直者,众二千餘家,与恭、通外和内违。 通欲图杀直而恭难之。 通知恭无断,乃独定策,与直克会,酒酣杀直。 众人大扰,通率恭诛其党帅,尽并其营。 后恭妻弟陈郃,杀恭而据其众。 通攻破郃军,斩郃首以祭恭墓。 又生禽黄巾大帅吴霸而降其属。 遭岁大饥,通倾家振施,与士分糟糠,皆争为用,由是盗贼不敢犯。
Li Tong, courtesy name Wendao, was a native of Pingchun in Jiangxia commandery. 〈The Wei lüe gives his childhood name as Wanyi.〉 He was known as a man of chivalry between the Yangtze and the Ru rivers. He and his fellow townsman Chen Gong raised force at Langling, and thousands rallied to them. A local leader named Zhou Zhi commanded more than two thousand households and feigned alliance while plotting against them. Li Tong meant to eliminate Zhou Zhi, but Chen Gong shrank from the deed. Seeing Chen Gong's indecision, Li Tong arranged a parley, drank with Zhou Zhi, and cut him down when the cups had gone round. The camp erupted in confusion; Li Tong led Chen Gong in killing the ringleaders and absorbed every follower. Later Chen He, Chen Gong's brother-in-law, murdered Chen Gong and seized his men. Li Tong shattered Chen He's force, took his head, and sacrificed it at Chen Gong's grave. He captured the Yellow Turban leader Wu Ba alive and brought the whole band to submission. In a year of famine he emptied his granaries for relief, shared the coarsest fare with his followers, and won such loyalty that outlaws dared not trouble his district.
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建安初,通举众诣太祖於许。 拜通振威中郎将,屯汝南西界。 太祖讨张绣,刘表遣兵以助绣,太祖军不利。 通将兵夜诣太祖,太祖得以复战,通为先登,大破绣军。 拜裨将军,封建功侯。 分汝南二县,以通为阳安都尉。 通妻伯父犯法,朗陵长赵俨收治,致之大辟。 是时杀生之柄,决於牧守,通妻子号泣以请其命。 通曰:“方与曹公戮力,义不以私废公。” 嘉俨执宪不阿,与为亲交。 太祖与袁绍相拒於官渡。 绍遣使拜通征南将军,刘表亦阴招之,通皆拒焉。 通亲戚部曲流涕曰:“今孤危独守,以失大援,亡可立而待也,不如亟从绍。” 通按剑以叱之曰:“曹公明哲,必定天下。 绍虽强盛,而任使无方,终为之虏耳。 吾以死不贰。” 即斩绍使,送印绶诣太祖。 又击郡贼瞿恭、江宫、沈成等,皆破残其众,送其首。 遂定淮、汝之地。 改封都亭侯,拜汝南太守。 时贼张赤等五千餘家聚桃山,通攻破之。
Early in the Jian'an era he brought his following to Cao Cao at Xu. He was named general of the household who shakes might and posted to Runan's western frontier. When Cao Cao attacked Zhang Xiu, Liu Biao reinforced Zhang Xiu and Cao Cao's army was thrown back. Li Tong marched by night to Cao Cao's aid, spearheaded the counterattack, and shattered Zhang Xiu's line. He was promoted to major general and enfeoffed as marquis who establishes merit. Two Runan counties were set aside for him as chief commandant who pacifies the south. His wife's uncle broke the law; Zhao Yan, magistrate of Langling, arrested him and sought the death penalty. Provincial governors then held final say over executions; Li Tong's family wept and begged for the man's life. Li Tong said, "I am pledged to Cao Cao; private ties cannot overturn the law." He praised Zhao Yan's integrity and became his close friend. Cao Cao held Guandu against Yuan Shao. Yuan Shao sent an envoy naming him general who campaigns south, and Liu Biao secretly wooed him as well; Li Tong refused every overture. His clansmen wept that isolation would destroy them unless he sided with Yuan Shao at once. He drew his sword and swore, Cao Cao is clear-sighted and will pacify the empire. Yuan Shao is strong but cannot use men; he will end as someone else's prisoner. I will die before I serve another. He beheaded Yuan Shao's envoy on the spot and forwarded the insignia to Cao Cao. He crushed local bandits Qu Gong, Jiang Gong, and Shen Cheng, scattered their bands, and sent in their heads. The country between the Huai and the Ru was pacified. He was transferred to a capital village marquisate and made governor of Runan. When Zhang Chi and five thousand families held Peach Mountain, Li Tong overran their stronghold.
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昔侍坐於先帝,时有三长吏俱见。 临辞出,上曰:‘为官长当清,当慎,当勤,修此三者,何患不治乎? ’并受诏。 既出,上顾谓吾等曰:‘相诫敕正当尔不? ’侍坐众贤,莫不赞善。 上又问曰:‘必不得已,於斯三者何先? ’或对曰:‘清固为本。 ’次复问吾,对曰:‘清慎之道,相须而成,必不得已,慎乃为大。 夫清者不必慎,慎者必自清,亦由仁者必有勇,勇者不必有仁,是以易称括囊无咎,藉用白茅,皆慎之至也。 ’上曰:‘卿言得之耳。 可举近世能慎者谁乎? ’诸人各未知所对,吾乃举故太尉荀景倩、尚书董仲连、仆射王公仲并可谓为慎。 上曰:‘此诸人者,温恭朝夕,执事有恪,亦各其慎也。 然天下之至慎,其惟阮嗣宗乎! 每与之言,言及玄远,而未曾评论时事,臧否人物,真可谓至慎矣。 ’吾每思此言,亦足以为明诫。 凡人行事,年少立身,不可不慎,勿轻论人,勿轻说事,如此则悔吝何由而生,患祸无从而至矣。
Long ago, when I sat in attendance on the late emperor, three senior officials were received together. At their departure he told them, "A magistrate must be clean, careful, and industrious; master those three and good order follows." All three accepted the lesson. When they had gone, he turned to the rest of us and asked whether his counsel had been apt. Every man present praised his words. He pressed further: if one had to rank the three, which should lead? One replied that incorruptibility must be the root. When he asked me, I said caution mattered most when the two could not be divided. A scrupulous man need not be spotless, but a careful man ends clean, as courage may follow humanity though courage alone is not humanity; the classic images of the tied sack and the white rushes are images of supreme care. The emperor said I had the right of it. He asked who in recent times had shown such care. No one spoke until I named the late Xun Jingqian, Dong Zhonglian, and Wang Gongzhong as men of true caution. He replied that those officials were diligent and deferential day and night—each was cautious in his office. Yet the most cautious man in the realm, he said, was Ruan Ji. In every conversation Ruan Ji kept to lofty themes and never touched current events or passed judgment on men—there lay supreme caution. I have often recalled that exchange as a mirror for conduct. In youth one must be careful not to gossip about men or affairs lightly; then regret and calamity find no opening.
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〈秉子重,字茂曾。 少知名,历位吏部郎、平阳太守。 晋诸公赞曰:重以清尚称。 相国赵王伦以重望取为右司马。 重以伦将为乱,辞疾不就。 伦逼之不已,重遂不复自活,至於困笃,扶曳受拜,数日卒,赠散骑常侍。 重二弟,尚字茂仲,矩字茂约,永嘉中并典郡; 矩至江州刺史。 重子式,字景则,官至侍中。〉
〈Bing's son Li Chong, courtesy name Maozeng, won early fame and rose to personnel director and governor of Pingyang. The Jin zhugong zan praises him for purity and integrity. The prince-regent Sima Lun took him as right marshal for his reputation. Li Chong saw Sima Lun's coup coming and declined appointment on grounds of illness. Sima Lun hounded him until Li Chong let his health fail, was carried in to take the post, and died within days; the court mourned him as regular attendant. His brothers Li Shang and Li Ju, courtesy names Maozhong and Maoyue, both held prefectures in the Yongjia era; Li Ju rose to become inspector of Jiangzhou. His son Li Shi, courtesy name Jingze, rose to palace attendant.〉
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臧霸字宣高,泰山华人也。 父戒,为县狱掾,据法不听太守欲所私杀。 太守大怒,令收戒诣府,时送者百餘人。 霸年十八,将客数十人径於费西山中要夺之,送者莫敢动,因与父俱亡命东海,由是以勇壮闻。 黄巾起,霸从陶谦击破之,拜骑都尉。 遂收兵於徐州,与孙观、吴敦、尹礼等并聚众,霸为帅,屯於开阳。 太祖之讨吕布也,霸等将兵助布。 既禽布,霸自匿。 太祖募索得霸,见而悦之,使霸招吴敦、尹礼、孙观、观兄康等,皆诣太祖。 太祖以霸为琅邪相,敦利城、礼东莞、观北海、康城阳太守,割青、徐二州,委之於霸。 太祖之在兗州,以徐翕、毛晖为将。 兗州乱,翕、晖皆叛。 后兗州定,翕、晖亡命投霸。 太祖语刘备,令语霸送二人首。 霸谓备曰:“霸所以能自立者,以不为此也。 霸受公生全之恩,不敢违命。 然王霸之君可以义告,原将军为之辞。” 备以霸言白太祖,太祖叹息,谓霸曰:“此古人之事而君能行之,孤之原也。” 乃皆以翕、晖为郡守。
Zang Ba, courtesy name Xuangao, came from Hua county in Taishan commandery. His father Zang Jie served as county jail clerk and refused the governor's unlawful order to execute a prisoner. The furious governor had Zang Jie arrested and marched to his yamen under escort of over a hundred armed men. At eighteen Zang Ba ambushed the escort in the hills west of Fei with dozens of followers, freed his father, and fled with him to Donghai, winning a reputation for valor. He joined Tao Qian against the Yellow Turbans and was named colonel of cavalry. He collected forces in Xu Province with Sun Guan, Wu Dun, and Yin Li, led them as chieftain, and based them at Kaiyang. When Cao Cao attacked Lü Bu, Zang Ba sent troops to reinforce him. After Lü Bu fell, Zang Ba went into hiding. Cao Cao had him found, received him gladly, and sent him to bring in Wu Dun, Yin Li, Sun Guan, and Sun Kang. Cao Cao named him chancellor of Langya and parcelled Qing and Xu posts among his allies. While Cao Cao held Yanzhou he appointed Xu Xi and Mao Hui as generals. When Yanzhou erupted in revolt, both men mutinied. After order returned they fled for refuge to Zang Ba. Cao Cao asked Liu Bei to demand the heads of Xu Xi and Mao Hui. Zang Ba told Liu Bei that his independence rested on refusing such betrayals. Yet he owed Cao Cao his life and could not openly defy the order. A hegemon who aims at true kingship will listen to reason; he asked Liu Bei to intercede. Liu Bei relayed the plea; Cao Cao sighed and praised conduct worthy of antiquity. He appointed Xu Xi and Mao Hui as magistrates instead of executing them.
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时太祖方与袁绍相拒,而霸数以精兵入青州,故太祖得专事绍,不以东方为念。 太祖破袁谭於南皮,霸等会贺。 霸因求遣子弟及诸将父兄家属诣鄴,太祖曰:“诸君忠孝,岂复在是! 昔萧何遣子弟入侍,而高祖不拒,耿纯焚室舆榇以从,而光武不逆,吾将何以易之哉!” 东州扰攘,霸等执义征暴,清定海岱,功莫大焉,皆封列侯。 霸为都亭侯,加威虏将军。 又与于禁讨昌豨,与夏侯渊讨黄巾餘贼徐和等,有功,迁徐州刺史。 沛国 (公) 武周为下邳令,霸敬异周,身诣令舍。 部从事总詷不法,周得其罪,便收考竟,霸益以善周。 从讨孙权,先登,再入巢湖,攻居巢,破之。 张辽之讨陈兰,霸别遣至皖,讨吴将韩当,使权不得救兰。 当遣兵逆霸,霸与战於逢龙,当复遣兵邀霸於夹石,与战破之,还屯舒。 权遣数万人乘船屯舒口,分兵救兰,闻霸军在舒,遁还。 霸夜追之,比明,行百餘里,邀贼前后击之。 贼窘急,不得上船,赴水者甚众。 由是贼不得救兰,辽遂破之。 霸从讨孙权於濡须口,与张辽为前锋,行遇霖雨,大军先及,水遂长,贼船稍进,将士皆不安。 辽欲去,霸止之曰:“公明於利钝,宁肯捐吾等邪?” 明日果有令。 辽至,以语太祖。 太祖善之,拜扬威将军,假节。 后权乞降,太祖还,留霸与夏侯惇等屯居巢。
While Cao Cao faced Yuan Shao, Zang Ba's raids into Qingzhou pinned eastern enemies so Cao Cao could concentrate on the north. After the victory at Nanpi they came to offer congratulations. Zang Ba asked to send hostages to Ye; Cao Cao replied that loyalty and filial piety did not require hostages. He cited Xiao He and Geng Chun as precedents for refusing hostages. They pacified the Shandong coast and were all enfeoffed as full marquises. Zang Ba received a village marquisate at the capital and the added title general who awes bandits. With Yu Jin he fought Chang Xi, with Xiahou Yuan the Yellow Turban remnants, and was promoted to inspector of Xu Province. The narrative turns to events in the princedom of Pei. An editorial gloss reads gong for the place name above. He esteemed Magistrate Wu Zhou of Xiapi and visited his office in person. When a staff investigator denounced a corrupt clerk, Wu Zhou jailed and tried the man to the end, and Zang Ba admired him all the more. He fought Sun Quan, spearheaded the advance into Lake Chao, stormed Juchao, and took it. While Zhang Liao besieged Chen Lan, Zang Ba struck Han Dang at Wan so Sun Quan could not relieve Chen Lan. He defeated Han Dang at Fenglong and at Jiashi, then withdrew to garrison Shu. Sun Quan sent a fleet toward Shu to relieve Chen Lan but turned back when he learned Zang Ba held Shu. Zang Ba pursued through the night, over a hundred li by dawn, and hit the enemy vanguard and rear. Trapped, many drowned trying to reach their boats. They never reached Chen Lan, and Zhang Liao crushed him. At Ruxu with Zhang Liao as vanguard, steady rain swelled the waters, enemy ships closed in, and the troops grew uneasy. Zhang Liao meant to pull back; Zang Ba said Cao Cao understood the odds and would not abandon them. Orders arrived the next day as Zang Ba had predicted. Zhang Liao repeated Zang Ba's words to Cao Cao. Cao Cao approved, named him general who raises might, and gave the baton of authority. After Sun Quan's nominal submission Cao Cao withdrew but left Zang Ba with Xiahou Dun at Juchao.
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而孙观亦至青州刺史,假节,从太祖讨孙权,战被创,薨。 子毓嗣,亦至青州刺史。 〈《魏书》曰:孙观字仲台,泰山人。 与臧霸俱起,讨黄巾,拜骑都尉。 太祖破吕布,使霸招观兄弟,皆厚遇之。 与霸俱战伐,观常为先登,征定青、徐群贼,功次於霸,封吕都亭侯。 康亦以功封列侯。 与太祖会南皮,遣子弟入居鄴,拜观偏将军,迁青州刺史。 从征孙权於濡须口,假节。 攻权,为流矢所中,伤左足,力战不顾,太祖劳之曰:“将军被创深重,而猛气益奋,不当为国爱身乎?” 转振威将军,创甚,遂卒。〉
Sun Guan too became inspector of Qingzhou with the baton but died of wounds fighting Sun Quan. His son Sun Yu inherited and also rose to inspector of Qingzhou. 〈The Book of Wei gives Sun Guan's courtesy name as Zhongtai and his origin as Taishan. He rose with Zang Ba against the Yellow Turbans and was named colonel of cavalry. After Lü Bu fell Cao Cao had Zang Ba summon the Sun brothers and treated them generously. Sun Guan was repeatedly first on the wall, his record second only to Zang Ba's, and he received a Lü village marquisate. Sun Kang also earned a full marquisate for merit. At Nanpi he sent kinsmen to Ye, was named lieutenant general, and became inspector of Qingzhou. He received the baton for the Ruxu campaign against Sun Quan. Wounded in the left foot by a stray shaft at Ruxu, he fought on until Cao Cao urged him to spare himself for the realm's sake. The wound proved mortal, and he died soon after.〉
12
文聘字仲业,南阳宛人也,为刘表大将,使御北方。 表死,其子琮立。 太祖征荆州,琮举州降,呼聘欲与俱,聘曰:“聘不能全州,当待罪而已。” 太祖济汉,聘乃诣太祖,太祖问曰:“来何迟邪?” 聘曰:“先日不能辅弼刘荆州以奉国家,荆州虽没,常原据守汉川,保全土境,生不负於孤弱,死无愧於地下,而计不得已,以至於此。 实怀悲惭,无颜早见耳。” 遂欷歔流涕。 太祖为之怆然曰:“仲业,卿真忠臣也。” 厚礼待之。 授聘兵,使与曹纯追讨刘备於长阪。 太祖先定荆州,江夏与吴接,民心不安,乃以聘为江夏太守,使典北兵,委以边事,赐爵关内侯。 〈孙盛曰:资父事君,忠孝道一。 臧霸少有孝烈之称,文聘著垂泣之诚,是以魏武一面,委之以二方之任,岂直壮武见知於仓卒之间哉!〉 与乐进讨关羽於寻口,有功,进封延寿亭侯,加讨逆将军。 又攻羽辎重於汉津,烧其船於荆城。
Wen Pin of Wan in Nanyang was Liu Biao's senior commander on the northern frontier. Liu Biao died, and his son Liu Cong succeeded. When Liu Cong surrendered Jingzhou and summoned Wen Pin to go with him, Wen Pin refused, saying he had failed to save the province and would await punishment alone. After Cao Cao crossed the Han, Wen Pin came in; Cao Cao asked why he had delayed so long. Wen Pin said he had wished to hold the Han line for Liu Biao's heir, to live without betraying the weak and die without shame, but circumstances forced surrender. Shame and grief kept him from an earlier audience. He wept aloud. Cao Cao was moved and called him a true loyal minister. Cao Cao received him with rich honors. He gave him troops with Cao Chun to pursue Liu Bei at Changban. After Jingzhou fell he made Wen Pin governor of Jiangxia facing Wu, gave him northern troops and the frontier, and enfeoffed him as a secondary marquis at court. 〈Sun Sheng observes that serving father and lord rests on the same principle of loyalty. Sun Sheng argues that Zang Ba's filial repute and Wen Pin's tears won Cao Cao's trust for two borders—not mere battlefield bravado.〉 With Yue Jin he fought Guan Yu at Xunkou, earned a larger fief at Yanshou village, and gained the title general who chastises rebellion. He struck Guan Yu's baggage at Han Ford and burned his boats at Jingcheng.
13
文帝践阼,进爵长安乡侯,假节。 与夏侯尚围江陵,使聘别屯沔口,止石梵,自当一队,御贼有功,迁后将军,封新野侯。 孙权以五万众自围聘於石阳,甚急,聘坚守不动,权住二十餘日乃解去。 聘追击破之。 〈《魏略》曰:孙权尝自将数万众卒至。 时大雨,城栅崩坏,人民散在田野,未及补治。 聘闻权到,不知所施,乃思惟莫若潜默可以疑之。 乃敕城中人使不得见,又自卧舍中不起。 权果疑之,语其部党曰:“北方以此人忠臣也,故委之以此郡,今我至而不动,此不有密图,必当有外救。” 遂不敢攻而去。 魏略此语,与本传反。〉 增邑五百户,并前千九百户。
Emperor Wen raised his fief to Chang'an village and gave the baton. At the Jiangling siege he held Hankou and Shifan on a separate command, distinguished himself, and became general of the rear, marquis of Xinye. Sun Quan invested him at Shiyang with fifty thousand men for over twenty days without taking the city. Wen Pin counterattacked in pursuit and routed him. 〈The Wei lüe records a surprise attack by Sun Quan with tens of thousands of men. Heavy rain had ruined the walls and scattered the populace before repairs. Wen Pin chose total stillness to make Sun Quan suspect a trap. He hid the garrison from sight and stayed abed himself. Sun Quan concluded that stillness meant ambush or reinforcements. He withdrew without assaulting the walls. Pei Songzhi notes this anecdote contradicts the main biography.〉 Five hundred more households were added for nineteen hundred in all.
14
聘在江夏数十年,有威恩,名震敌国,贼不敢侵。 分聘户邑封聘子岱为列侯,又赐聘从子厚爵关内侯。 聘薨,谥曰壮侯。 岱又先亡,聘养子休嗣。 卒,子武嗣。
For decades at Jiangxia he combined severity with kindness and kept enemies from raiding. The court split his fief to enfeoff Wen Dai and ennobled a nephew as secondary marquis. Wen Pin died and was posthumously titled Marquis Zhuang, the Stalwart. Wen Dai died before him; adopted son Wen Xiu inherited. When Wen Xiu died, his son Wen Wu succeeded.
15
嘉平中,谯郡桓禺为江夏太守,清俭有威惠,名亚於聘。
In the Jiaping era Huan Yu of Qiao governed Jiangxia with similar austerity and renown, second only to Wen Pin.
16
吕虔字子恪,任城人也。 太祖在兗州,闻虔有胆策,以为从事,将家兵守湖陆。 〔襄贲〕校尉杜松部民炅母等作乱,与昌豨通。 太祖以虔代松。 虔到,招诱炅母渠率及同恶数十人,赐酒食。 简壮士伏其侧,虔察炅母等皆醉,使伏兵尽格杀之。 抚其餘众,群贼乃平。 太祖以虔领泰山太守。 郡接山海,世乱,闻民人多藏窜。 袁绍所置中郎将郭祖、公孙犊等数十辈,保山为寇,百姓苦之。 虔将家兵到郡,开恩信,祖等党属皆降服,诸山中亡匿者尽出安土业。 简其强者补战士,泰山由是遂有精兵,冠名州郡。 济南黄巾徐和等,所在劫长吏,攻城邑。 虔引兵与夏侯渊会击之,前后数十战,斩首获生数千人。 太祖使督青州诸郡兵以讨东莱群贼李条等,有功。 太祖令曰:“夫有其志,必成其事,盖烈士之所徇也。 卿在郡以来,禽奸讨暴,百姓获安,躬蹈矢石,所征辄克。 昔寇恂立名於汝、颍,耿弇建策於青、兗,古今一也。” 举茂才,加骑都尉,典郡如故。 虔在泰山十数年,甚有威惠。
Lü Qian, courtesy name Zike, was a native of Rencheng. While Cao Cao held Yanzhou he heard of Lü Qian's courage and judgment, named him an aide, and posted his household guard at Hulü. Commandant Du Song of Xiangben had a follower named Jiong Mu who rebelled in league with Chang Xi. Cao Cao replaced Du Song with Lü Qian. He invited the ringleaders and their confederates to a feast. When they were drunk, hidden soldiers cut them down. He pacified the remainder and the hills grew quiet. Cao Cao made him acting governor of Taishan. The commandery borders mountains and sea; in the turmoil many people had fled to hiding. Dozens of bands led by Yuan Shao's appointees such as Guo Zu and Gongsun Du raided from the heights and oppressed the people. Lü Qian brought his household guard, offered amnesty and good faith, won the surrender of the chiefs, and coaxed every refugee back to field and hearth. He drafted the sturdiest men into the army until Taishan fielded a corps whose name outshone neighboring commands. Xu He and other Jinan Yellow Turbans seized magistrates and stormed towns across the region. Lü Qian joined Xiahou Yuan in dozens of actions that took thousands of heads and prisoners. Cao Cao put him over Qingzhou forces against the Donglai bands led by Li Tiao and won further distinction. Cao Cao wrote, Where the will is set, the deed follows—that is the mark of a resolute man. Since you took office you have rooted out crime, fought down violence, and kept the people safe, yourself braving missile fire and winning every campaign you lead. Kou Xun won his fame between the Ru and the Ying; Geng Yan laid his plans in Qing and Yan—the same spirit links past to present. He was recommended as flourishing talent, given the added rank of colonel of cavalry, and kept the governorship. For more than a decade at Taishan he ruled with a mix of severity and mercy that won wide respect.
17
许褚字仲康,谯国谯人也。 长八尺餘,腰大十围,容貌雄毅,勇力绝人。 汉末,聚少年及宗族数千家,共坚壁以御寇。 时汝南葛陂贼万餘人攻褚壁,褚众少不敌,力战疲极。 兵矢尽,乃令壁中男女,聚治石如杅斗者置四隅。 褚飞石掷之,所值皆摧碎。 贼不敢进。 粮乏,伪与贼和,以牛与贼易食,贼来取牛,牛辄奔还。 褚乃出陈前,一手逆曳牛尾,行百餘步。 贼众惊,遂不敢取牛而走。 由是淮、汝、陈、梁间,闻皆畏惮之。
Xu Chu, courtesy name Zhongkang, came from Qiao in the princedom of Qiao. He stood over eight feet tall, with a massive girth, a fierce bearing, and strength beyond any ordinary man. Late in the Han he rallied young clansmen by the thousand and threw up a walled camp against raiders. When ten thousand bandits from Gebei in Runan stormed his fort, Xu Chu was badly outnumbered and fought until his men were spent. When missiles ran out he had the defenders stack stone missiles shaped like mortars at each corner of the rampart. Xu Chu hurled those stones and shattered everything they struck. The raiders dared not close in. Short of grain, he pretended to parley and traded cattle for food; when the enemy came to drive the cattle off, the beasts bolted home. He then strode before the lines, seized an ox by the tail with one hand, and dragged the beast backward more than a hundred paces. The enemy fled in terror and abandoned the cattle. From the Huai to the Ru and across Chen and Liang, every bandit who heard his name was afraid.
18
太祖徇淮、汝,褚以众归太祖。 太祖见而壮之曰:“此吾樊哙也。” 即日拜都尉,引入宿卫。 诸从褚侠客,皆以为虎士。 从征张绣,先登,斩首万计,迁校尉。 从讨袁绍於官渡。 时常从士徐他等谋为逆,以褚常侍左右,惮之不敢发。 伺褚休下日,他等怀刀入。 褚至下舍心动,即还侍。 他等不知,入帐见褚,大惊愕。 他色变,褚觉之,即击杀他等。 太祖益亲信之,出入同行,不离左右。 从围鄴,力战有功,赐爵关内侯。 从讨韩遂、马超於潼关。 太祖将北渡,临济河,先渡兵,独与褚及虎士百餘人留南岸断后。 超将步骑万餘人,来奔太祖军,矢下如雨。 褚白太祖,贼来多,今兵渡已尽,宜去,乃扶太祖上船。 贼战急,军争济,船重欲没。 褚斩攀船者,左手举马鞍蔽太祖。 船工为流矢所中死,褚右手并溯船,仅乃得渡。 是日,微褚几危。 其后太祖与遂、超等单马会语,左右皆不得从,唯将褚。 超负其力,阴欲前突太祖,素闻褚勇,疑从骑是褚。 乃问太祖曰:“公有虎侯者安在?” 太祖顾指褚,褚瞋目盼之。 超不敢动,乃各罢。 后数日会战,大破超等,褚身斩首级,迁武卫中郎将。 武卫之号,自此始也。 军中以褚力如虎而痴,故号曰虎痴; 是以超问虎侯,至今天下称焉,皆谓其姓名也。
When Cao Cao campaigned along the Huai and Ru, Xu Chu brought his followers over. Cao Cao took one look and said, "Here is my Fan Kuai." That day he was named commandant of the guard and taken into the night watch. Every fighting man who had followed Xu Chu was enrolled as a tiger warrior. He spearheaded the campaign against Zhang Xiu, took uncounted heads, and rose to colonel. He fought Yuan Shao at Guandu. Attendants led by Xu Ta plotted assassination, but Xu Chu never left Cao Cao's side and they dared not strike. They chose a day when Xu Chu was off duty and slipped in with concealed blades. Xu Chu felt a premonition at his quarters and hurried back to the tent. The assassins entered the tent unaware and froze when they saw him. Xu Ta blanched; Xu Chu killed him and his accomplices on the spot. Cao Cao trusted him utterly and kept him at his shoulder day and night. At the siege of Ye he fought with distinction and received a secondary marquisate at court. He joined the Tong Pass campaign against Han Sui and Ma Chao. At the Ji River Cao Cao sent the army across first while he stayed on the south bank with Xu Chu and a hundred tiger warriors as rear guard. Ma Chao charged with over ten thousand horse and foot while arrows fell like rain. Xu Chu saw Ma Chao's massed charge and warned that everyone who could cross had already crossed; they had to embark immediately, and he helped Cao Cao onto the boat. The fight grew desperate; men mobbed the boats until the hulls nearly swamped. Xu Chu cut down men who overloaded the boat, raised a saddle with his left arm to shield Cao Cao, and when the ferryman fell dead to a stray shaft he sculled the boat one-handed until they reached the far bank. That day Cao Cao would almost certainly have perished but for Xu Chu. Later Cao Cao met Han Sui and Ma Chao with no escort except Xu Chu. Ma Chao meant to use his prowess to rush Cao Cao but feared the lone rider might be Xu Chu. He asked where Cao Cao's "Tiger Marquis" was. Cao Cao pointed at Xu Chu, who glared back at Ma Chao. Ma Chao dared not move, and the parley ended. In the general engagement days later Xu Chu killed with his own hand and was promoted to general of the household guard of martial might. That was the origin of the "martial guard" title. The troops called him the tiger simpleton for his brute strength and blunt manner; so when Ma Chao asked after the Tiger Marquis, the nickname stuck and the world still uses it for Xu Chu himself.
19
典韦,陈留己吾人也。 形貌魁梧,旅力过人,有志节任侠。 襄邑刘氏与睢阳李永为雠,韦为报之。 永故富春长,备卫甚谨。 韦乘车载鸡酒,伪为候者,门开,怀匕首入杀永,并杀其妻,徐出,取车上刀戟,步 (出)。 永居近巿,一巿尽骇。 追者数百,莫敢近。 行四五里,遇其伴,转战得脱。 由是为豪杰所识。 初平中,张邈举义兵,韦为士,属司马赵宠。 牙门旗长大,人莫能胜,韦一手建之,宠异其才力。 后属夏侯惇,数斩首有功,拜司马。 太祖讨吕布於濮阳。 布有别屯在濮阳西四五十里,太祖夜袭,比明破之。 未及还,会布救兵至,三面掉战。 时布身自搏战,自旦至日昳数十合,相持急。 太祖募陷陈,韦先占,将应募者数十人,皆重衣两铠,弃楯,但持长矛撩戟。 时西面又急,韦进当之,贼弓弩乱发,矢至如雨,韦不视,谓等人曰:“虏来十步,乃白之。” 等人曰:“十步矣。” 又曰:“五步乃白。” 等人惧,疾言“虏至矣”! 韦手持十餘戟,大呼起,所抵无不应手倒者。 布众退。 会日暮,太祖乃得引去。 拜韦都尉,引置左右,将亲兵数百人,常绕大帐。 韦既壮武,其所将皆选卒,每战斗,常先登陷陈。 迁为校尉。 性忠至谨重,常昼立侍终日,夜宿帐左右,稀归私寝。 好酒食,饮啖兼人,每赐食於前,大饮长歠,左右相属,数人益乃供,太祖壮之。 韦好持大双戟与长刀等,军中为之语曰:“帐下壮士有典君,提一双戟八十斤。”
Dian Wei came from Jiwu in Chenliu commandery. He was huge of frame, enormously strong, high-minded, and a sworn champion of justice. The Liu family of Xiangyi feuded with Li Yong of Suiyang, and Dian Wei undertook to settle the score. Li Yong had once been magistrate of Fuchun and kept a tight guard about himself. He drove up with fowl and wine like a petitioner, slipped a dagger inside his robe when the gate opened, killed Li Yong and his wife, then stepped out, armed himself from the cart, and walked away An editorial note glosses the verb for exiting. Li Yong lived beside the market; panic swept the stalls. Hundreds gave chase but none dared close with him. After four or five li he met his confederates, fought a running skirmish, and broke clear. The fighting men of the region took note of his name. In the Chuping era Zhang Miao raised loyal troops; Dian Wei served as a soldier under Major Zhao Chong. The camp gate banner was too heavy for any man to raise until Dian Wei lifted it one-handed; Zhao Chong marveled at his strength. He later served Xiahou Dun, piled up beheadings, and became a major. Cao Cao attacked Lü Bu at Puyang. Lü Bu held an outpost west of Puyang; Cao Cao stormed it by night and took it by dawn. Before he could withdraw, Lü Bu's reinforcements arrived and pressed him on three sides. Lü Bu fought in person from dawn past noon in dozens of rounds without a break. Cao Cao called for volunteers to break the enemy line; Dian Wei led dozens in double armor, no shields, only long spears and halberds. The western sector buckled; Dian Wei advanced into a storm of bolts and told his men to warn him at ten paces. They cried, "Ten paces!" Tell me at five, he said. Panicked, they shouted that the enemy was on him. Dian Wei gripped a sheaf of halberds, roared, and charged; every foe before him dropped. Lü Bu's men fell back. At dusk Cao Cao was able to break off. Dian Wei was named commandant, given several hundred bodyguards, and stationed them around the headquarters tent. A fearsome fighter, he led picked troops and was always first through the enemy line. He rose to colonel. Steadfast and vigilant, he stood guard all day and slept beside the headquarters tent by night, rarely visiting his own quarters. He ate and drank for several men at every feast Cao Cao gave, and Cao Cao admired his appetite as part of his valor. The troops sang of him: "Under the tent stands Dian Wei, hefting twin halberds of eighty jin."
20
太祖征荆州,至宛,张绣迎降。 太祖甚悦,延绣及其将帅,置酒高会。 太祖行酒,韦持大斧立后,刃径尺,太祖所至之前,韦辄举斧目之。 竟酒,绣及其将帅莫敢仰视。 后十餘日,绣反,袭太祖营,太祖出战不利,轻骑引去。 韦战於门中,贼不得入。 兵遂散从他门并入。 时韦校尚有十餘人,皆殊死战,无不一当十。 贼前后至稍多,韦以长戟左右击之,一叉入,辄十餘矛摧。 左右死伤者略尽。 韦被数十创,短兵接战,贼前搏之。 韦双挟两贼击杀之,餘贼不敢前。 韦复前突贼,杀数人,创重发,瞋目大骂而死。 贼乃敢前,取其头,传观之,覆军就视其躯。 太祖退住舞阴,闻韦死,为流涕,募间取其丧,亲自临哭之,遣归葬襄邑,拜子满为郎中。 车驾每过,常祠以中牢。 太祖思韦,拜满为司马,引自近。 文帝即王位,以满为都尉,赐爵关内侯。
On the Jingzhou expedition Cao Cao reached Wan, where Zhang Xiu surrendered. Cao Cao feasted Zhang Xiu and his officers in high spirits. Cao Cao poured the wine while Dian Wei stood behind him with a broad-bladed axe, glaring at each guest Cao Cao approached. When the banquet ended Zhang Xiu and his officers dared not lift their eyes. Ten days later Zhang Xiu mutinied, struck the camp, and Cao Cao fled on light horse after a reverse. Dian Wei held the gate so the enemy could not force it. The attackers poured in through another gate. A dozen of his men fought to the last, each worth ten ordinary soldiers. As the press thickened he swung his long halberd until spears snapped by the dozen at each blow. His followers fell until almost none were left. Riddled with wounds, he closed to knife range as the enemy tried to seize him. He seized two assailants, crushed them dead, and the rest hung back. He lunged again, cut down more men, then collapsed as his wounds reopened, glaring and cursing as he died. Only then did they take his head, pass it among the ranks, and crowd around his body. Cao Cao halted at Wuyin, wept for Dian Wei, ransomed his body for burial at Xiangyi, and appointed his son Dian Man as a court gentleman. Whenever the imperial train passed the site, Cao Cao sacrificed to him with an ox and a sheep. Missing Dian Wei, Cao Cao made Dian Man a major and kept him close at hand. When Cao Pi took the kingship he named Dian Man commandant of the guard and enfeoffed him as a secondary marquis at court.
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庞德字令明,南安狟道人也。 〈狟音桓。〉 少为郡吏州从事。 初平中,从马腾击反羌叛氐。 数有功,稍迁至校尉。 建安中,太祖讨袁谭、尚於黎阳,谭遣郭援、高幹等略取河东,太祖使锺繇率关中诸将讨之。 德随腾子超拒援、幹於平阳,德为军锋,进攻援、幹,大破之,亲斩援首。 〈《魏略》曰:德手斩一级,不知是援。 战罢之后,众人皆言援死而不得其首。 援,锺繇之甥。 德晚后於鞬中出一头,繇见之而哭。 德谢繇,繇曰:“援虽我甥,乃国贼也。 卿何谢之?”〉 拜中郎将,封都亭侯。 后张白骑叛於弘农,德复随腾征之,破白骑於两殽间。 每战,常陷陈卻敌,勇冠腾军。 后腾徵为卫尉,德留属超。 太祖破超於渭南,德随超亡入汉阳,保冀城。 后复随超奔汉中,从张鲁。 太祖定汉中,德随众降。 太祖素闻其骁勇,拜立义将军,封关门亭侯,邑三百户。
Pang De, courtesy name Lingming, came from Yuandao district in Nan'an commandery. 〈The place name is read with the sound huan, as noted in the margin.〉 He began as a commandery clerk and provincial staff officer. During Chuping he campaigned with Ma Teng against rebel Qiang and Di tribes. He won repeated distinction and rose to colonel. In Jian'an Cao Cao fought Yuan Tan and Yuan Shang at Liyang; Yuan Tan sent Guo Yuan and Gao Gan into Hedong, and Cao Cao sent Zhong Yao with the Liangzhou generals to answer them. Pang De served under Ma Chao at Pingyang against Guo Yuan and Gao Gan, spearheaded the attack, shattered them, and cut off Guo Yuan's head himself. 〈The Wei lüe adds that Pang De took a head in the melée without knowing it was Guo Yuan. After the battle everyone knew Guo Yuan was dead but no one could find the head. Guo Yuan was Zhong Yao's nephew. Pang De later produced the head from his saddle quiver; Zhong Yao wept at the sight. Pang De apologized, but Zhong Yao said Guo Yuan had been a rebel despite the family tie. There was nothing to apologize for. He was named a general of the household and received a village marquisate at the capital. When Zhang Baiqi revolted in Hongnong, Pang De again followed Ma Teng and crushed him between the two Xiao passes. In every fight he shattered enemy lines and ranked first in courage in Ma Teng's host. When Ma Teng was called to the capital as minister of the guards, Pang De stayed with Ma Chao. After Cao Cao defeated Ma Chao south of the Wei, Pang De fled with him into Hanyang and held Jicheng. He followed Ma Chao to Hanzhong and submitted to Zhang Lu. When Cao Cao took Hanzhong, Pang De surrendered with the rest. Cao Cao, knowing his reputation, named him general who establishes righteousness, enfeoffed him at Guanmen village with three hundred households.
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侯音、卫开等以宛叛,德将所领与曹仁共攻拔宛,斩音、开,遂南屯樊,讨关羽。 樊下诸将以德兄在汉中,颇疑之。 〈《魏略》曰:德从兄名柔,时在蜀。〉 德常曰:“我受国恩,义在效死。 我欲身自击羽。 今年我不杀羽,羽当杀我。” 后亲与羽交战,射羽中额。 时德常乘白马,羽军谓之白马将军,皆惮之。 仁使德屯樊北十里,会天霖雨十餘日,汉水暴溢,樊下平地五六丈,德与诸将避水上堤。 羽乘船攻之,以大船四面射堤上。 德被甲持弓,箭不虚发。 将军董衡、部曲将董超等欲降,德皆收斩之。 自平旦力战至日过中,羽攻益急,矢尽,短兵接战。 德谓督将成何曰:“吾闻良将不怯死以苟免,烈士不毁节以求生,今日,我死日也。” 战益怒,气愈壮,而水浸盛,吏士皆降。 德与麾下将一人,五伯二人,弯弓傅矢,乘小船欲还仁营。 水盛船覆,失弓矢,独抱船覆水中,为羽所得,立而不跪。 羽谓曰:“卿兄在汉中,我欲以卿为将,不早降何为?” 德骂羽曰:“竖子,何谓降也! 魏王带甲百万,威振天下。 汝刘备庸才耳,岂能敌邪! 我宁为国家鬼,不为贼将也。” 遂为羽所杀。 太祖闻而悲之,为之流涕,封其二子为列侯。
When Wan rose under Hou Yin and Wei Kai, Pang De joined Cao Ren, took the city, executed the leaders, then marched to Fan against Guan Yu. The officers at Fan doubted him because his brother served in Hanzhong with Liu Bei. 〈The Wei lüe names his cousin Pang Rou as then serving in Shu.〉 Pang De often swore that he owed the Wei court his life. He meant to meet Guan Yu in single combat. Either he would kill Guan Yu this year or die in the attempt. He fought Guan Yu in person and put a bolt in his forehead. Riding a white horse, he was known to Guan Yu's men as the White Horse General and widely feared. Cao Ren posted him ten li north of Fan; weeks of rain swelled the Han until the plain was flooded; the Wei commanders clung to a levee. Guan Yu brought warboats and raked the levee with archery from every side. Armored, he shot without wasting a shaft. He executed Dong Heng, Dong Chao, and others who talked of surrender. From dawn past noon the pressure grew; when shafts ran out the fight closed to knives. He told Cheng He that a good general does not cling to life nor a hero break faith—this would be his day to die. He fought with rising fury even as the flood rose and his men gave way around him. With one officer and two sergeants he tried to row back to Cao Ren's camp. The boat swamped; unarmed in the water he was taken but refused to kneel before Guan Yu. Guan Yu offered him command, citing his brother in Hanzhong. Pang De cursed him as a mere upstart and scorned the word surrender. The King of Wei fields a million armored soldiers and strikes terror across the realm. Liu Bei was a mediocrity who could never prevail! He would rather be a loyal ghost of Wei than Guan Yu's officer. Guan Yu had him executed. Cao Cao wept for him and enfeoffed both sons as full marquises.
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文帝即王位,乃遣使就德墓赐谥,策曰:“昔先轸丧元,王蠋绝脰,陨身徇节,前代美之。 惟侯式昭果毅,蹈难成名,声溢当时,义高在昔,寡人愍焉,谥曰壮侯。” 又赐子会等四人爵关内侯,邑各百户。 会勇烈有父风,官至中尉将军,封列侯。 〈王隐《蜀记》曰:锺会平蜀,前后鼓吹,迎德尸丧还葬鄴,冢中身首如生。 臣松之案德死於樊城,文帝即位,又遣使至德墓所,则其尸丧不应在蜀。 此王隐之虚说也。〉
Emperor Cao Pi sent an edict to Pang De's tomb, comparing him to Xian Zhen and Wang Zhu. The edict praised his steadfast courage and posthumously titled him Marquis Zhuang, the Stalwart. Four sons including Pang Hui received secondary marquisates of a hundred households each. Pang Hui matched his father's valor, rose to general of the capital guard, and held a full marquisate. 〈Wang Yin records that Zhong Hui brought Pang De's remains to Ye for reburial with full honors. Pei Songzhi argues Pang De died at Fan and the tale of a body in Shu is inconsistent. He dismisses Wang Yin's story as fiction.〉
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母趙娥
The rubric introduces Lady Zhao E, mother of Pang Jun.
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初,淯外祖父赵安为同县李寿所杀,淯舅兄弟三人同时病死,寿家喜。 淯母娥自伤父雠不报,乃帏车袖剑,白日刺寿於都亭前,讫,徐诣县,颜色不变,曰:“父雠己报,请受戮。” 禄福长尹嘉解印绶纵娥,娥不肯去,遂强载还家。 会赦得免,州郡叹贵,刊石表闾。 〈皇甫谧《列女传》曰:酒泉烈女庞娥亲者,表氏庞子夏之妻,禄福赵君安之女也。 君安为同县李寿所杀,娥亲有男弟三人,皆欲报仇,寿深以为备。 会遭灾疫,三人皆死。 寿闻大喜,请会宗族,共相庆贺,云:“赵氏强壮已尽,唯有女弱,何足复忧!” 防备懈弛。 娥亲子淯出行,闻寿此言,还以启娥亲。 娥亲既素有报仇之心,及闻寿言,感激愈深,怆然陨涕曰:“李寿,汝莫喜也,终不活汝! 戴履天地,为吾门户,吾三子之羞也。 焉知娥亲不手刃杀汝,而自儌倖邪?” 阴巿名刀,挟长持短,昼夜哀酸,志在杀寿。 寿为人凶豪,闻娥亲之言,更乘马带刀,乡人皆畏惮之。 比邻有徐氏妇,忧娥亲不能制,恐逆见中害,每谏止之,曰:“李寿,男子也,凶恶有素,加今备卫在身。 赵虽有猛烈之志,而强弱不敌。 邂逅不制,则为重受祸於寿,绝灭门户,痛辱不轻也。 原详举动,为门户之计。” 娥亲曰:“父母之仇,不同天地共日月者也。 李寿不死,娥亲视息世间,活复何求! 今虽三弟早死,门户泯绝,而娥亲犹在,岂可假手於人哉! 若以卿心况我,则李寿不可得杀; 论我之心,寿必为我所杀明矣。” 夜数磨砺所持刀讫,扼腕切齿,悲涕长叹,家人及邻里咸共笑之。 娥亲谓左右曰:“卿等笑我,直以我女弱不能杀寿故也。 要当以寿颈血污此刀刃,令汝辈见之。” 遂弃家事,乘鹿车伺寿。 至光和二年二月上旬,以白日清时,於都亭之前,与寿相遇,便下车扣寿马,叱之。 寿惊愕,回马欲走。 娥亲奋刀斫之,并伤其马。 马惊,寿挤道边沟中。 娥亲寻复就地斫之,探中树兰,折所持刀。 寿被创未死,娥亲因前欲取寿所佩刀杀寿,寿护刀瞋目大呼,跳梁而起。 娥亲乃挺身奋手,左抵其额,右樁其喉,反覆盘旋,应手而倒。 遂拔其刀以截寿头,持诣都亭,归罪有司,徐步诣狱,辞颜不变。 时禄福长汉阳尹嘉不忍论娥亲,即解印绶去官,弛法纵之。 娥亲曰:“仇塞身死,妾之明分也。 治狱制刑,君之常典也。 何敢贪生以枉官法?” 乡人闻之,倾城奔往,观者如堵焉,莫不为之悲喜慷慨嗟叹也。 守尉不敢公纵,阴语使去,以便宜自匿。 娥亲抗声大言曰:“枉法逃死,非妾本心。 今仇人已雪,死则妾分,乞得归法以全国体。 虽复万死,於娥亲毕足,不敢贪生为明廷负也。” 尉故不听所执,娥亲复言曰:“匹妇虽微,犹知宪制。 杀人之罪,法所不纵。 今既犯之,义无可逃。 乞就刑戮,陨身朝巿,肃明王法,娥亲之原也。” 辞气愈厉,面无惧色。 尉知其难夺,强载还家。 凉州刺史周洪、酒泉太守刘班等并共表上,称其烈义,刊石立碑,显其门闾。 太常弘农张奂贵尚所履,以束帛二十端礼之。 海内闻之者,莫不改容赞善,高大其义。 故黄门侍郎安定梁宽追述娥亲,为其作传。 玄晏先生以为父母之仇,不与共天地,盖男子之所为也。 而娥亲以女弱之微,念父辱之酷痛,感仇党之凶言,奋剑仇颈,人马俱摧,塞亡父之怨魂,雪三弟之永恨,近古已来,未之有也。 诗云“修我戈矛,与子同仇”,娥亲之谓也。〉
Pang Jun's maternal grandfather Zhao An was murdered by Li Shou; when Zhao's three sons died in a plague, Li Shou's clan celebrated. Lady Zhao E avenged her father by killing Li Shou at the county pavilion in daylight, then walked to the magistrate and asked to die. Magistrate Yin Jia of Lufu resigned his seal rather than try her and sent her home by cart. An amnesty spared her; the region honored her with a stone memorial at her gate. 〈Huangfu Mi's Lie nü zhuan identifies her as Pang Eqin of Jiuquan, wife of Pang Zixia and daughter of Zhao Jun'an of Lufu. Zhao Jun'an's murderer Li Shou was watched by three Zhao brothers who meant to kill him. A plague carried off all three brothers. Li Shou feasted his kin, boasting that only women were left in the Zhao line. He relaxed his guard. Her son Pang Jun heard the boast and told his mother. Lady Zhao swore she would not leave Li Shou alive. Heaven and earth were witness to the shame of her dead brothers. She vowed to kill him with her own hand rather than trust to chance. She bought a fine sword and nursed her resolve night and day. Li Shou rode armed through the district, terrifying the neighbors. A neighbor Mrs. Xu urged her to abandon the plan, saying a woman could not match an armed bully. Strength was not on her side. Failure would destroy her house and deepen her shame. She begged her to think of the family line. Lady Zhao replied that a father's murderer cannot coexist under heaven. While Li Shou lived she had no reason to live. Though her brothers were gone she would not delegate vengeance. Mrs. Xu's caution would leave the killer alive; in Lady Zhao's mind Li Shou was already a dead man. She honed her blade nightly while kin and neighbors mocked her. She told them they laughed because they thought a woman could not kill Li Shou. She would prove them wrong with Li Shou's blood on the steel. She abandoned her home and stalked him in a deer cart. On a clear morning in Guanghe 2 she seized his bridle at the pavilion and denounced him. Li Shou tried to wheel his horse and flee. She hacked at him and wounded his mount. The horse threw him into the roadside ditch. She struck again but hit a tamarisk and broke her sword. Wounded, Li Shou still guarded his dagger and tried to rise roaring. She closed, pinned his throat, and strangled him down. She took his head to the authorities and walked calmly to prison. Magistrate Yin Jia resigned rather than sentence her and let her go. She said vengeance done, she was ready to die. Trials were the magistrate's duty. She would not live by bending the statute. The whole town crowded to watch, moved to tears and admiration. Local officers whispered that she should flee. She refused to flee and stain the law. She asked to accept execution to vindicate the code. She would die ten thousand deaths rather than live by betraying the court. The warden would not take her into custody; she insisted that even a humble woman knew the law. Murder was not something the code could overlook. Having killed, she could not in honor flee punishment. She asked to die in the public square to vindicate the statute—that was her wish. Her voice grew sharper and her face showed no fear. The warden gave up arguing and sent her home by cart. Zhou Hong of Liangzhou and Liu Ban of Jiuquan memorialized the throne, praised her valor, and raised a stone at her gate. Zhang Huan, grand master of ceremonies, honored her with twenty rolls of silk. All who heard the story praised her moral stature. Liang Kuan of Anding later wrote her biography. The commentator Xuanxuan observed that avenging a parent was usually a man's duty. Yet this woman, stirred by her father's murder and the enemy's taunts, killed Li Shou in single combat—unprecedented in recent ages. The Odes line on sharing the lord's enemies applies to her.〉
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阎温字伯俭,天水西城人也。 以凉州别驾守上邽令。 马超走奔上邽,郡人任养等举众迎之。 温止之,不能禁,乃驰还州。 超复围州所治冀城甚急,州乃遣温密出,告急於夏侯渊。 贼围数重,温夜从水中潜出。 明日,贼见其迹,遣人追遮之,於显亲界得温,执还诣超。 超解其缚,谓曰:“今成败可见,足下为孤城请救而执於人手,义何所施? 若从吾言,反谓城中,东方无救,此转祸为福之计也。 不然,今为戮矣。” 温伪许之,超乃载温诣城下。 温向城大呼曰:“大军不过三日至,勉之!” 城中皆泣,称万岁。 超怒数之曰:“足下不为命计邪?” 温不应。 时超攻城久不下,故徐诱温,冀其改意。 复谓温曰:“城中故人,有欲与吾同者不?” 温又不应。 遂切责之,温曰:“夫事君有死无贰,而卿乃欲令长者出不义之言,吾岂苟生者乎?” 超遂杀之。
Yan Wen, courtesy name Bojian, came from Xicheng in Tianshui commandery. He served as Liangzhou aide and acting magistrate of Shanggui. When Ma Chao fled to Shanggui, Ren Yang and others opened the city to him. Yan Wen could not stop the rising and raced back to the provincial seat. Ma Chao besieged Jicheng; the province sent Yan Wen secretly to beg relief from Xiahou Yuan. He slipped through the enemy cordon by night along the watercourse. Trackers caught him next day at the Xianqin border and brought him to Ma Chao. Ma Chao freed him and sneered that his mission had failed. If he would shout to the city that no help was coming, Ma Chao would spare him. Otherwise he would die at once. Yan Wen feigned agreement; Ma Chao had him driven under the walls. He shouted that relief would arrive within three days. The defenders wept and cheered. Ma Chao raged at him for throwing away his life. Yan Wen was silent. Ma Chao had stalled before the walls and hoped to turn him. He asked whether anyone inside wished to defect. Yan Wen still said nothing. Yan Wen replied that a loyal minister dies for his lord and would not utter treason to save himself. Ma Chao executed him.
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先是,河右扰乱,隔绝不通,敦煌太守马艾卒官,府又无丞。 功曹张恭素有学行,郡人推行长史事,恩信甚著,乃遣子就东诣太祖,请太守。 时酒泉黄华、张掖张进各据其郡,欲与恭 (艾) 并势。 就至酒泉,为华所拘执,劫以白刃。 就终不回,私与恭疏曰:“大人率厉敦煌,忠义显然,岂以就在困危之中而替之哉? 昔乐羊食子,李通覆家,经国之臣,宁怀妻孥邪? 今大军垂至,但当促兵以掎之耳; 原不以下流之爱,使就有恨於黄壤也。” 恭即遣从弟华攻酒泉沙头、乾齐二县。 恭又连兵寻继华后,以为首尾之援。 别遣铁骑二百,迎吏官属,东缘酒泉北塞,径出张掖北河,逢迎太守尹奉。 於是张进须黄华之助; 华欲救进,西顾恭兵,恐急击其后,遂诣金城太守苏则降。 就竟平安。 奉得之官。
Earlier the Hexi corridor was cut off; Dunhuang's governor Ma Ai had died without an assistant in office. Merit clerk Zhang Gong, respected locally, sent his son Zhang Jiu east to Cao Cao to ask for a new governor. Huang Hua and Zhang Jin each held their cities and meant to join Zhang Gong The text glosses the name as Ai. They meant to combine their forces against the court. Huang Hua seized Zhang Jiu at Jiuquan and threatened him with swords. Zhang Jiu refused to yield and wrote secretly urging his father not to ransom him. He cited Yue Yang and Li Tong as men who put the state before family. The imperial host was near; Zhang Gong need only hurry troops to pinch the rebels; he begged his father not to spare him from sentiment. Zhang Gong sent his kinsman to strike Jiuquan's Shatou and Ganqi. He followed with a second column in mutual support. Two hundred cavalry escorted the new governor Yin Feng in along the northern road. Zhang Jin waited for Huang Hua's help; Huang Hua dared not move for fear of Zhang Gong behind him and surrendered to Su Ze at Jincheng. Zhang Jiu survived. Yin Feng took up his post.
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黄初二年,下诏褒扬,赐恭爵关内侯,拜西域戊己校尉。 数岁徵还,将授以侍臣之位,而以子就代焉。 恭至敦煌,固辞疾笃。 太和中卒,赠执金吾。 就后为金城太守,父子著称於西州。 〈《世语》曰:就子斅,字祖文,弘毅有幹正,晋武帝世为广汉太守。 王濬在益州,受中制募兵讨吴,无虎符,斅收濬从事列上,由此召斅还。 帝责斅:“何不密启而便收从事?” 斅曰:“蜀汉绝远,刘备尝用之。 辄收,臣犹以为轻。” 帝善之。 官至匈奴中郎将。 斅子固,字元安,有斅风,为黄门郎,早卒。 斅,一本作勃。
In Huangchu 2 an edict praised Zhang Gong, enfeoffed him as secondary marquis, and named him colonel of the Western Regions garrison. He was recalled for court office but sent his son to replace him in the west. At Dunhuang he pleaded serious illness and declined further service. He died in the Taihe era and was posthumously named bearer of the golden mace. Zhang Jiu later governed Jincheng; father and son were renowned in the west. 〈The Shiyu records Zhang Jiu's son Zhang Xue as governor of Guanghan under Jin Wu. Zhang Xue arrested an aide of Wang Jun for raising troops without the proper tally. The emperor asked why he had not reported secretly first. Zhang Xue answered that the Shu region was remote and had seen such abuses before. Arresting the man outright was already lenient. The emperor approved his reasoning. He rose to general of the household against the Xiongnu. His son Zhang Gu, like him in character, was a gentleman of the Yellow Gates and died young. One manuscript writes his name as Bo instead of Xue.
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《魏略勇侠传》载孙宾硕、祝公道、杨阿若、鲍出等四人,宾硕虽汉人,而鱼豢编之魏书,盖以其人接魏,事义相类故也。 论其行节,皆庞、阎之流。 其祝公道一人,已见《贾逵传》。 今列宾硕等三人于后。 ◎孙宾硕者,北海人也,家素贫。 当汉桓帝时,常侍左悺、唐衡等权侔人主。 延熹中,衡弟为京兆虎牙都尉,秩比二千石,而统属郡。 衡弟初之官,不脩敬於京兆尹,入门不持版,郡功曹赵息呵廊下曰:“虎牙仪如属城,何得放臂入府门?” 促收其主簿。 衡弟顾促取版,既入见尹,尹欲脩主人,敕外为市买。 息又启云: “(左) 悺子弟,来为虎牙,非德选,不足为特酤买,宜随中舍菜食而已。” 及其到官,遣吏奉笺谢尹,息又敕门,言“无常见此无阴兒辈子弟邪,用其笺记为通乎?” 晚乃通之,又不得即令报。 衡弟皆知之,甚恚,欲灭诸赵。 因书与衡,求为京兆尹,旬月之间,得为之。 息自知前过,乃逃走。 时息从父仲台,见为凉州刺史,於是衡为诏徵仲台,遣归。 遂诏中都官及郡部督邮,捕诸赵尺兒以上,及仲台皆杀之,有藏者与同罪。 时息从父岐为皮氏长,闻有家祸,因从官舍逃,走之河间,变姓字,又转诣北海,著絮巾布袴,常於市中贩胡饼。 宾硕时年二十餘,乘犊车,将骑入市。 观见岐,疑其非常人也。 因问之曰:“自有饼邪,贩之邪?” 岐曰:“贩之。” 宾硕曰:“买几钱? 卖几钱?” 岐曰:“买三十,卖亦三十。” 宾硕曰:“视处士之望,非似卖饼者,殆有故!” 乃开车后户,顾所将两骑,令下马扶上之。 时岐以为是唐氏耳目也,甚怖,面失色。 宾硕闭车后户,下前襜,谓之曰:“视处士状貌,既非贩饼者,加今面色变动,即不有重怨,则当亡命。 我北海孙宾硕也,阖门百口,又有百岁老母在堂,势能相度者也,终不相负,必语我以实。” 岐乃具告之。 宾硕遂载岐驱归。 住车门外,先入,白母言:“今日出得死友在外,当来入拜。” 乃出,延岐入,椎牛锺酒,快相娱乐。 一二日,因载著别田舍,藏置衤复壁中。 后数岁,唐衡及弟皆死。 岐乃得出,还本郡。 三府并辟,展转仕进,至郡守、刺史、太仆,而宾硕亦从此显名於东国,仕至豫州刺史。 初平末,宾硕以东方饥荒,南客荆州。 至兴平中,赵岐以太仆持节使安慰天下,南诣荆州,乃复与宾硕相遇,相对流涕。 岐为刘表陈其本末,由是益礼宾硕。 顷之,宾硕病亡,岐在南,为行丧也。 ◎杨阿若后名丰,字伯阳,酒泉人。 少游侠,常以报仇解怨为事,故时人为之号曰:“东市相斫杨阿若,西市相斫杨阿若。” 至建安年中,太守徐揖诛郡中强族黄氏。 时黄昂得脱在外,乃以其家粟金数斛,募众得千餘人以攻揖。 揖城守。 丰时在外,以昂为不义,乃告揖,捐妻子走诣张掖求救。 会张掖又反,杀太守,而昂亦陷城杀揖,二郡合势。 昂恚丰不与己同,乃重募取丰,欲令张掖以麻系其头,生致之。 丰遂逃走。 武威太守张猛假丰为都尉,使赍檄告酒泉,听丰为揖报雠。 丰遂单骑入南羌中,合众得千餘骑,从〔乐涫〕南山中出,指趋郡城。 未到三十里,皆令骑下马,曳柴扬尘。 酒泉郡人望见尘起,以为东大兵到,遂破散。 昂独走出,羌捕得昂,丰谓昂曰:“卿前欲生系我颈,今反为我所系,云何?” 昂惭谢,丰遂杀之。 时黄华在东,又还领郡。 丰畏华,复走依敦煌。 至黄初中,河西兴复,黄华降,丰乃还郡。 郡举孝廉,州表其义勇,诏即拜驸马都尉。 后二十餘年,病亡。 ◎鲍出字文才,京兆新丰人也。 少游侠。 兴平中,三辅乱,出与老母兄弟五人家居本县,以饥饿,留其母守舍,相将行采蓬实,合得数升,使其二兄初、雅及其弟成持归,为母作食,独与小弟在后采蓬。 初等到家,而啖人贼数十人已略其母,以绳贯其手掌,驱去。 初等怖恐,不敢追逐。 须臾,出从后到,知母为贼所略,欲追贼。 兄弟皆云:“贼众,当如何?” 出怒曰:“有母而使贼贯其手,将去煮啖之,用活何为?” 乃攘臂结衽独追之,行数里及贼。 贼望见出,乃共布列待之。 出到,回从一头斫贼四五人。 贼走,复合聚围出,出跳越围斫之,又杀十餘人。 时贼分布,驱出母前去。 贼连击出,不胜,乃走与前辈合。 出复追击之,还见其母与比舍妪同贯相连,出遂复奋击贼。 贼问出曰:“卿欲何得?” 出责数贼,指其母以示之,贼乃解还出母。 比舍妪独不解,遥望出求哀。 出复斫贼,贼谓出曰:“已还卿母,何为不止?” 出又指求哀妪:“此我嫂也。” 贼复解还之。 出得母还,遂相扶侍,客南阳。 建安五年,关中始开,出来北归,而其母不能步行,兄弟欲共舆之。 出以舆车历山险危,不如负之安稳,乃以笼盛其母,独自负之,到乡里。 乡里士大夫嘉其孝烈,欲荐州郡,郡辟召出,出曰:“田民不堪冠带。” 至青龙中,母年百餘岁乃终,出时年七十餘,行丧如礼,於今年八九十,才若五六十者。
Pei Songzhi notes that Yu Huan's Wei lüe grouped Han-era bravoes with Wei for thematic reasons. Their conduct matched Pang Jun and Yan Wen. Zhu Gongdao is already treated in Jia Kui's biography. Sun Binshuo and three others are appended below. Sun Binshuo of Beihai came from a poor family. Under Emperor Huan, eunuchs such as Zuo Guan and Tang Heng rivaled the throne. In Yanxi Tang Heng's brother held the capital tiger-fang colonelcy at two thousand piculs but answered to the commandery. The new colonel snubbed the governor; clerk Zhao Xi humiliated him at the gate. He ordered his chief clerk seized. The colonel fetched his tablet; the governor meant to entertain him and sent for provisions. Zhao Xi reported again, saying: A marginal gloss marks the surname as Zuo. Zuo Guan's kinsman has come as tiger fangs—not a virtuous selection—not worthy of special wine purchase; plain fare from the middle kitchen is enough. Zhao Xi then blocked his thank-you letter at the gate with insults. The message was delayed and left unanswered. The Tang brothers resolved to wipe out the Zhao clan. They had Tang Heng secure the capital governorship within weeks. Zhao Xi fled. Tang Heng forged a recall of Zhao Zhongtai from Liangzhou. An order went out to slaughter every Zhao male and anyone who sheltered them. Zhao Qi fled to Beihai in disguise and sold cakes in the market. Sun Binshuo, in his twenties, drove into the market with escorts. He saw Zhao Qi and sensed he was no ordinary peddler. He asked whether the cakes were his own or resale goods. Zhao Qi said he resold them. Sun Binshuo asked his margins. Zhao Qi said he bought and sold at the same thirty. Sun Binshuo said no honest merchant would sell at cost. He opened the cart, ordered his riders to lift Zhao Qi in, He opened the back of the cart, signaled his two escorts, and had them dismount and lift Zhao Qi aboard. Zhao Qi took them for Tang Heng's spies, was terrified, and went pale. Sun Binshuo shut the rear door, let the front apron fall, and said, From your bearing you are no cake seller, and your color has changed—you carry either a deep blood debt or you are a fugitive. I am Sun Binshuo of Beihai. A hundred souls look to my gate, and a mother of a hundred years sits in our hall. I have the means to judge your case and I will not betray you—you must tell me the truth. Zhao Qi then told him everything. Sun Binshuo put him in the cart and drove him home. He halted outside the gate, went in first, and said to his mother, "Today I found a friend worth dying for—he is outside and should come in to pay his respects." He then brought Zhao Qi inside, slaughtered an ox, poured the wine, and they feasted together in high spirits. A day or two later he moved Zhao Qi to a remote farm and hid him between hollow walls. Within a few years Tang Heng and his brothers were all dead. Zhao Qi could emerge and return to his home commandery. The three high offices summoned Zhao Qi; he rose through governor, inspector, and grand coachman, while Sun Binshuo won fame in the east and became inspector of Yu Province. Late in Chuping Sun Binshuo fled famine in the east and took refuge in Jing Province. In the Xingping era Zhao Qi, as grand coachman with imperial staff, toured the empire on a mission of consolation; when he reached Jingzhou he met Sun Binshuo again, and the two wept together. Zhao Qi told Liu Biao the whole story of his rescue, and Liu Biao honored Sun Binshuo all the more. Soon Sun Binshuo died; Zhao Qi was still in the south and mourned him as for a kinsman. Yang Aruo—later named Yang Feng, courtesy Boyang—was from Jiuquan. As a young bravo he lived by blood feuds, so the saying ran: "East of the market they slash—Yang Aruo; west of the market they slash—Yang Aruo." In Jian'an the governor Xu Yi put the great Huang family to death. Huang Ang escaped and spent his family grain and gold to raise over a thousand men against Xu Yi. Xu Yi held the walls. Yang Feng was away; deeming Huang Ang a villain, he warned Xu Yi, left his family, and raced to Zhangye for help. Zhangye then revolted and killed its governor; Huang Ang stormed the city and killed Xu Yi, and the two districts joined forces. Huang Ang hated Yang Feng for opposing him and offered a rich bounty to take him alive, even asking Zhangye to rope his neck with hemp. Yang Feng fled. Zhang Meng, governor of Wuwei, made Yang Feng acting chief commandant and sent him with a summons to Jiuquan to avenge Xu Yi. Yang Feng rode alone into the Southern Qiang, raised a thousand cavalry, and burst from the Lequ range toward the city. Within thirty li of the city he had every man dismount and drag brush to raise a dust cloud. The defenders saw the dust and fled, thinking a great host was coming from the east. Huang Ang fled alone; the Qiang seized him. Yang Feng said, "You wanted my neck in a noose—now the rope is on yours." Huang Ang begged pardon in shame; Yang Feng killed him. Huang Hua was still in the east and had resumed the governorship. Yang Feng feared Huang Hua and fled again to Dunhuang. When the Hexi was pacified in Huangchu and Huang Hua submitted, Yang Feng came home. The commandery recommended him as filial and incorrupt; the province praised his valor; the court named him commandant of the horse for the consorts. He died of illness more than twenty years later. Bao Chu, courtesy Wencai, was from Xinfeng in the Jingzhao region. He was a young knight-errant. When Sanfu collapsed in Xingping, Bao Chu lived with his mother and four brothers. Starving, they left their mother at home while they foraged for dodder seeds; the two elder brothers and one younger brother carried the first bag home while Bao Chu and the youngest brother kept gathering. When the brothers returned, dozens of cannibal raiders had seized their mother, strung cords through her hands, and marched her off. The elder brothers were too afraid to follow. When Bao Chu arrived and heard, he meant to chase them. His brothers said the enemy was too many. Bao Chu roared that while their mother was led away to be butchered, life was worthless. He rolled his sleeves, tied his sash, and ran alone until he caught the band. The raiders formed up to meet him. He cut down four or five from one flank. They scattered, regrouped, and surrounded him; he leaped the circle and killed another dozen. The enemy had split, dragging his mother forward. They could not bring him down and fled to rejoin the main body. He pursued again, then saw his mother roped to a neighbor; he attacked once more. The bandits demanded what he wanted. He denounced them and pointed at his mother until they released her. The neighbor was still bound; she cried to him for mercy. He struck again; they said they had given his mother back. He pointed to the neighbor and said, "That is my sister-in-law." They freed her as well. He brought his mother home, then the family moved south as guests at Nanyang. In Jian'an 5 the Guanzhong roads reopened; Bao Chu headed north, but his mother could not walk and his brothers wanted a sedan chair. Bao Chu thought a sedan unsafe on mountain tracks; he put his mother in a cage and carried her on his back all the way home. Local notables praised his devotion and tried to recommend him; the commandery summoned him, but he said a farmer was unfit for office. In the Qinglong era his mother lived past a hundred; Bao Chu was over seventy when she died but still observed the full rites; even at eighty or ninety he looks like a man of fifty.
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鱼豢曰:昔孔子叹颜回,以为三月不违仁者,盖观其心耳,孰如孙、祝菜色於市里,颠倒於牢狱,据有实事哉? 且夫濮阳周氏不敢匿迹,鲁之硃家不问情实,是何也? 惧祸之及,且心不安也。 而太史公犹贵其竟脱季布,岂若二贤,厥义多乎? 今故远收孙、祝,而近录杨、鲍,既不欲其泯灭,且敦薄俗。 至於鲍出,不染礼教,心痛意发,起於自然,迹虽在编户,与笃烈君子何以异乎? 若夫杨阿若,少称任侠,长遂蹈义,自西徂东,摧讨逆节,可谓勇而有仁者也。〉
Yu Huan asks whether Confucius' praise of Yan Hui matches men who actually suffered in markets and jails for their friends. Why did the Zhou of Puyang and the Zhu of Lu act as they did? They feared reprisal and could not rest easy. Sima Qian honors the man who freed Ji Bu—but are these two not more righteous? So I preserve Sun and Zhu from afar and Yang and Bao from near, to honor them and to rebuke mean ways. Bao Chu, untaught by formal ritual, acted from raw natural duty; though a commoner, he was no different from a man of blazing integrity. Yang Aruo was a bravo in youth and a man of right in maturity; he marched east and west crushing traitors—both brave and humane.〉
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【評】
Appraisal.
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评曰:李典贵尚儒雅,义忘私隙,美矣。 李通、臧霸、文聘、吕虔镇卫州郡,并著威惠。 许褚、典韦折冲左右,抑亦汉之樊哙也。 庞德授命叱敌,有周苛之节。 庞淯不惮伏剑,而诚感邻国。 阎温向城大呼,齐解、路之烈焉。
The historian's verdict: Li Dian honored learning and set private quarrels aside for the common good—admirable. Li Tong, Zang Ba, Wen Pin, and Lü Qian held the borders with a mix of severity and mercy. Xu Chu and Dian Wei were the Fan Kuai figures at Cao Cao's side. Pang De gave his life defying the enemy, in the mold of Zhou Ke. Pang Jun risked the blade and his sincerity moved another realm. Yan Wen's shout beneath the walls recalls the steadfastness of Jie Zitui and Lu Zhonglian.