1
石守信
Shi Shouxin
2
乾德初，帝因晚朝與守信等飲酒，酒酣，帝曰：「我非爾曹不及此，然吾為天子，殊不若為節度使之樂，吾終夕未嘗安枕而臥。」 守信等頓首曰：「今天命已定，誰復敢有異心，陛下何為出此言耶？」 帝曰：「人孰不欲富貴，一旦有以黃袍加汝之身，雖欲不為，其可得乎？」 守信等謝曰：「臣愚不及此，惟陛下哀矜之。」 帝曰：「人生駒過隙爾，不如多積金、市田宅以遺子孫，歌兒舞女以終天年。 君臣之間無所猜嫌，不亦善乎？」 守信謝曰：「陛下念及此，所謂生死而肉骨也。」 明日，皆稱病，乞解兵權，帝從之，皆以散官就第，賞齎甚厚。
Early in the Qiande reign, after a late session at court the emperor shared wine with Shouxin and his companions. When they were well into their cups he said, "Without you I would never have come this far — yet as emperor I am far less content than I was as a military governor. I have not slept through a single night with an easy mind." Shouxin and the others kowtowed and said, "Heaven's mandate is settled — who would dare harbor disloyal thoughts? Why does Your Majesty speak this way?" The emperor said, "Who does not want wealth and rank? If one day someone were to drape a yellow robe over your shoulders, even if you wished to refuse, could you?" Shouxin and the others thanked him and said, "We are too dull to have seen this — we beg Your Majesty to show us mercy." The emperor said, "Life passes like a horse glimpsed through a crack in the wall. Better to pile up gold and buy estates for your heirs, and pass your days with singers and dancers. With no suspicion between ruler and subject — would that not be best?" Shouxin thanked him and said, "That Your Majesty has thought of us in this way — it is as though you had raised the dead and clothed their bones with flesh again." The next day they all pleaded illness and asked to surrender their military commands. The emperor agreed; each took an honorary post and retired to his estate, with lavish gifts.
3
已而，太祖欲使符彥卿管軍，趙普屢諫，以為彥卿名位已盛，不可復委以兵權，太祖不從。 宣已出，普復懷之，太祖迎謂之曰：「豈非符彥卿事耶？」 對曰：「非也。」 因奏他事。 既罷，乃出彥卿宣進之，太祖曰：「果然，宣何以復在卿所？」 普曰：「臣託以處分之語有侏㒧者，復留之。 惟陛下深思利害，勿復悔。」 太祖曰：「卿苦疑彥卿，何也？ 朕待彥卿厚，彥卿豈負朕耶！」 普對曰：「陛下何以能負周世宗？」 太祖默然，事遂中止。
Later Taizu wished to place Fu Yanqing in command of the army. Zhao Pu remonstrated repeatedly, arguing that Yanqing's fame and rank were already too great to be given military authority again. Taizu would not listen. The edict had already been issued, but Pu kept it on his person. Taizu met him and said, "Surely this concerns Fu Yanqing?" He replied, "It is not." He then reported on other business. When the audience ended he produced Yanqing's edict and presented it. Taizu said, "Just as I thought — how is it that the edict is still in your possession?" Pu said, "Your subject found ambiguous wording in the disposition and held the edict back. I beg Your Majesty to weigh the advantages and harms carefully and not regret this again." Taizu said, "You persist in suspecting Yanqing — why? I have treated Yanqing generously — how could he betray me!" Pu replied, "How was Your Majesty able to wrong Emperor Shizong of Zhou?" Taizu fell silent, and the matter was dropped.
4
開寶六年秋，加守信兼侍中。 太平興國初，加兼中書令。 二年，拜中書令，行河南尹，充西京留守。 三年，加檢校太師。 四年，從征范陽，督前軍失律，責授崇信軍節度、兼中書令，俄進封衛國公。 七年，徙鎮陳州，復守中書令。 九年，卒，年五十七，贈尚書令，追封威武郡王，諡武烈。
In the autumn of the sixth year of Kaibao (973), Shouxin was additionally appointed Concurrent Palace Attendant. At the opening of the Taiping Xingguo reign he was additionally made Concurrent Director of the Department of State Affairs. In the second year he was appointed Director of the Department of State Affairs, acting Henan Intendant, and Western Capital garrison commander. In the third year he was given the honorary title Grand Preceptor. In the fourth year he joined the campaign against Fanyang. As commander of the vanguard he failed in discipline and was demoted to military governor of the Chongxin circuit while retaining the concurrent post of Director of the Department of State Affairs; he was soon advanced to Duke of Wei. In the seventh year he was transferred to Chenzhou and again held the directorship of the Department of State Affairs. In the ninth year he died at fifty-seven. He was posthumously made Director of the Imperial Secretariat, enfeoffed as Prince of Weiwu, and given the posthumous name Wulie (Fierce in War).
5
守信累任節鎮，專務聚斂，積財鉅萬。 尤信奉釋氏，在西京建崇德寺，募民輦瓦木，驅迫甚急，而傭直不給，人多苦之。 子保興、保吉。
Shouxin held several military governorships in succession and devoted himself to amassing wealth, accumulating a fortune of many tens of thousands. He was especially devoted to Buddhism. In the Western Capital he built Chongde Monastery, pressing the people to haul tiles and timber with great severity while withholding their wages, and many suffered under him. His sons were Baoxing and Baoji.
6
子保興
Son: Baoxing
7
保興，字光裔，本名保正，太祖取興宗之義改之。 建隆初，年十四，以蔭補供奉官。 明年，遷尚食副使。 太祖嘗召功臣子弟詢以時事，保興年最少，應對明白，太祖奇之，拜如京使。 開寶中，領順州刺史。 太宗征河東，為御砦四面都巡檢。 太平興國八年，出為高陽關監軍。 守信卒，起復，領本州團練使。 雍熙初，契丹擾邊，與戴興、楊守一並為澶州前軍駐泊。
Baoxing, style name Guangyi, was originally named Baozheng. Taizu renamed him, taking the sense of "glorifying the ancestral line." Early in the Jianlong reign, at fourteen, he entered office by hereditary privilege as Attendant-in-Ordinary. The following year he was promoted to Vice Commissioner of the Imperial Kitchen. Taizu once summoned the sons of his chief ministers to question them on affairs of state. Baoxing was the youngest, yet his answers were lucid. Taizu was impressed and appointed him Commissioner on Mission to the Capital. During the Kaibao period he served as prefect of Shunzhou. When Taizong campaigned against Hedong, Baoxing served as Grand Inspector on all four sides of the imperial encampment. In the eighth year of Taiping Xingguo he was posted as military supervisor of Gaoyang Pass. When Shouxin died he was recalled from mourning to serve as regimental commissioner of his home prefecture. Early in the Yongxi reign, when the Khitans raided the frontier, he was stationed with Dai Xing and Yang Shouyi as part of the forward army garrisoned at Chunzhou.
8
李繼遷入鈔，徙銀、夏、綏府都巡檢使。 嘗巡按罨子砦，並黑水河，趣谷中，夏人知之，以數千騎據險，渡河求戰。 保興所部不滿二千人，乃分短兵伏於河滸，俟其半渡，急擊之，斬首百餘級，追北數十里，優詔褒美。
When Li Jiqian raided the frontier, Baoxing was transferred to serve as Grand Inspector of Yin, Xia, Sui, and Fu prefectures. Once, while inspecting Yanzi Fort along the Black Water River, he pressed into a valley. The Tangut learned of it and sent several thousand horsemen to hold the defiles, cross the river, and offer battle. Baoxing had fewer than two thousand men. He posted light troops in ambush along the riverbank, waited until the enemy were half across, then attacked fiercely. They took more than a hundred heads and pursued the foe north for several tens of li. An imperial edict singled him out for praise.
9
端拱中，知平戎軍，徙莫州，俄為西京都巡檢使。 淳化五年，真拜蘄州團練使，為永興軍鈐轄，改夏、綏、麟、府州鈐轄。 至道二年，徙延州都巡檢使兼署州事，改本路副都部署，與范重召等五路討賊。 有岌伽羅膩數族率眾來拒，保興選敢死士數百人銜枚夜擊，殲之。 自是吳移、越移諸族歸降。 還，至烏、白池，賊又為方陣來拒。 保興麾眾出入陣中，會乘馬中流矢，挺身持滿，易騎奮呼，且行且鬥，凡三日四十二戰，賊遂引去。
During the Duangong period he governed Pingrong Army, was transferred to Mozhou, and soon became metropolitan inspector of the Western Capital. In the fifth year of Chunhua he was formally appointed regimental commissioner of Qizhou, made Controller of the Yongxing army, and later Controller of Xia, Sui, Lin, and Fu prefectures. In the second year of Zhidao he was transferred to Grand Inspector of Yanzhou with concurrent charge of prefectural affairs, made Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the circuit, and joined Fan Zhongzhao and others in a five-route campaign against the rebels. The Jiagaluo Ni tribes led their forces to resist. Baoxing chose several hundred volunteers, had them take sticks between their teeth, and attacked by night, destroying the enemy. Thereafter the Wuyi, Yueyi, and other tribes submitted. On the return march, at Black and White Pools, the rebels again formed battle lines to block him. Baoxing led his men in and out of the enemy lines. When his horse was struck by an arrow he stood upright, drew his bow to the full, changed mounts, and fought on with fierce cries. Over three days he fought forty-two engagements, and the rebels finally withdrew.
10
咸平二年，知威虜軍。 會夏人入鈔，保興發官帑錢數萬緡分給戰士，主者固執不可。 保興曰：「城危如此，安暇中覆，事定，覆而不允，願以家財償之。」 夏人退，驛置以聞，真宗貸而不問。
In the second year of Xianping he governed Weilu Army. When the Tangut raided, Baoxing drew several tens of thousands of strings from the official treasury to pay the troops. The treasury officer refused adamantly. Baoxing said, "The city is in such peril — there is no time to seek approval from the capital. When this is over, if the court disapproves I will repay the sum from my own estate." When the Tangut withdrew he reported the matter by courier. Zhenzong pardoned him and took no further action.
11
三年，就拜棣州防禦使。 徙知邢州，改澶州。 在郡頗峻刑罰，每捶人，令緩施其杖，移晷方畢。 五年，以疾求歸京師。 未幾卒，年五十八。 子元孫。
In the third year he was appointed defense commissioner of Dizhou. He was transferred to Xingzhou, then to Chunzhou. In his prefecture he was notably harsh in punishment. When he had someone flogged he ordered the strokes applied slowly, and the beating was not finished until the sundial had moved a full mark. In the fifth year he asked to return to the capital on grounds of illness. He died soon after, at fifty-eight. His son was Yuansun.
12
保興世豪貴，累財鉅萬，悉為季弟保從之子所廢。
Baoxing came from a family of great wealth and rank and had amassed a fortune of many tens of thousands, but all of it was squandered by his nephew, the son of his youngest brother Baocong.
13
子保吉
Son: Baoji
14
保吉，字祐之，初以蔭補天平軍衙內都指揮使。 開寶四年，召見，賜襲衣、玉帶、金鞍勒馬。 選尚太祖第二女延慶公主，拜左衛將軍、駙馬都尉，俄領愛州刺史。 太平興國初，遷本州防禦使。 五年，坐遣親吏市竹木秦、隴間，矯制度關，為王仁贍所發，罰一季俸。 七年，改朔州觀察使。 守信卒，起復，為威塞軍節度。 雍熙三年，出知河陽。 四年，召入，復命知大名府兼兵馬都部署，連改橫海、安國二鎮節度。
Baoji, style name Youzhi, first entered office by hereditary privilege as Commander-in-Chief of the Inner Yamen of the Tianping army. In the fourth year of Kaibao he was summoned to audience and granted court robes, a jade belt, and a horse with golden saddle and bridle. He was chosen to marry Taizu's second daughter, Princess Yanqing, and was appointed General of the Left Guard and Commander of the Imperial Sons-in-Law; he soon served as prefect of Aizhou. At the opening of the Taiping Xingguo reign he was made defense commissioner of his home prefecture. In the fifth year he was fined one season's salary after Wang Renzan exposed him for sending a personal clerk to buy bamboo and timber in the Qin-Long region and passing customs under forged papers. In the seventh year he was made surveillance commissioner of Shuozhou. When Shouxin died he was recalled from mourning to serve as military governor of the Weisai army. In the third year of Yongxi he was posted to govern Heyang. In the fourth year he was recalled and again appointed prefect of Daming with concurrent command of troops and horses; he was then transferred in succession to the Henghai and Anguo circuits.
15
真宗即位，加檢校太尉、保平軍節度。 車駕北巡，命為河北諸路行營都部署，屯定州。 景德初，改武寧軍節度、同平章事。 冬，幸澶淵，命與李繼隆分為駕前東西面都排陣使，軍於北門外。 遼騎數萬驟至城下，保吉不介馬而馳當其鋒，遼人引去。 俄而請盟，錫宴射于行宮後苑。 帝謂繼隆等曰：「自古北邊為患，今其畏威服義，息戰安民，卿等力也。」 保吉進曰：「臣受命禦患，上稟成算。 至於布列行陣，指授方略，皆出於繼隆。」 繼隆曰：「宣力用心，躬率將士，臣不及保吉。」 帝曰：「卿等協和，共致太平，軍旅之事，朕復何憂。」 歡甚，賜以襲衣、金帶、鞍勒馬。
When Zhenzong ascended the throne, Baoji was made Honorary Grand Commandant and military governor of the Baoping army. When the emperor toured the north, Baoji was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the field headquarters of all Hebei routes and encamped at Dingzhou. Early in the Jingde reign he was made military governor of the Wuning army and Concurrent Councilor of Equal Rank. That winter the emperor went to Chanyuan. Baoji and Li Jilong were appointed Grand Marshals of Array on the east and west before the imperial carriage, with their armies camped outside the north gate. Several tens of thousands of Liao horsemen suddenly appeared below the walls. Baoji rode out without armor to meet their charge, and the Liao withdrew. Before long the Liao sought peace. The emperor granted a feast with archery in the rear garden of the traveling palace. The emperor said to Jilong and the others, "The northern frontier has been a scourge since antiquity. Now they fear our might and submit to our rule, and war gives way to peace — this is your doing." Baoji stepped forward and said, "Your subject received the command to repel the enemy and followed Your Majesty's completed plan. As for deploying the battle lines and directing strategy, that was all Jilong's work." Jilong said, "In exerting himself wholeheartedly and leading the troops in person, I cannot match Baoji." The emperor said, "You work in harmony and together have brought peace. In military affairs, what have I left to worry about?" Greatly pleased, he granted them court robes, gold belts, and horses with saddle and bridle.
16
二年，改鎮安軍節度。 未幾，自治所來朝，願奉朝請，從之。 四年，部民上治狀，乞還鎮所，詔獎諭之，仍從其請。 大中祥符初，從東封，攝司徒，封祀壇奉俎，加檢校太師還鎮。 冬，公主疾，詔歸視，主薨。 明年，保吉卒，年五十七，贈中書令，諡莊武。
In the second year he was transferred to military governor of the Zhen'an army. Before long he came to court from his post and asked to attend regular audiences; the request was granted. In the fourth year the people of his district submitted a petition praising his governance and asking him to return to his post. An edict commended him and granted the request. Early in the Dazhong Xiangfu period he accompanied the eastern feng sacrifice as acting Minister of Education, presenting the offering tray at the altar. He was made Honorary Grand Preceptor and returned to his post. That winter the princess fell ill. An edict ordered him home to attend her, but she died before he arrived. The following year Baoji died at fifty-seven. He was posthumously made Director of the Department of State Affairs and given the posthumous name Zhuangwu (Solemn in War).
17
保吉姿貌環碩，頗有武幹。 累世將相，家多財，所在有邸舍、別墅，雖饌品亦飾以彩繢。 好治生射利，性尤驕倨，所至峻暴好殺，待屬吏不以禮。 鎮大名也，葉齊、查道皆知名士，嘗械以運糧。 初，程能為京西轉運，保吉託治其私負，能不從。 至是，其子宿為屬邑吏，將辱之，會有辟召乃止。 又染家貸錢，息不盡入，質其女，其父上訴，真宗亟命遣還。 嘗有僕侵盜私積，不時求對，懇請配隸，帝曰：「是有常法，不可。」 保吉請不已，帝戒勖之。
Baoji was large and imposing in bearing and showed considerable martial ability. His family had produced generals and ministers for generations and possessed great wealth. Wherever he went he maintained town houses and villas, and even his meals were served on embroidered vessels. He was devoted to making money and grasping profit. He was especially proud and overbearing, harsh and bloodthirsty wherever he served, and treated his subordinates without courtesy. While governing Daming he once had the renowned scholars Ye Qi and Zha Dao shackled and put to hauling grain. Earlier, when Cheng Neng was transport commissioner of Jingxi, Baoji asked him to settle a private debt. Neng refused. Now Neng's son Su served as a clerk in a county under Baoji's jurisdiction. Baoji was about to humiliate him, but stopped when Su received a summons to another post. He also lent money to the Ran family. When they failed to pay the interest in full he took their daughter as security. Her father appealed to the throne, and Zhenzong immediately ordered her released. Once a servant stole from his private stores. Without waiting for the proper audience he begged the emperor to have the man registered as a bondsman. The emperor said, "There is established law for this — it cannot be done." Baoji kept pleading. The emperor admonished him and urged restraint.
18
善弋獵，畜鷙禽獸數百，令官健羅鳥雀飼之，人有規勸者輒怒之。 在陳州，盛飾廨舍以迓貴主。 因完葺城壘，疏牖於上，以瞰衢路，如箭窗狀。 未嘗上聞，賓佐諫之不聽，頗涉眾議。 初，守信鎮陳，五十七年卒，及保吉繼是鎮，壽亦止是，談者異之。
He was skilled at archery and hunting and kept several hundred fierce birds and beasts, ordering his soldiers to net sparrows to feed them. Anyone who remonstrated with him incurred his anger. At Chenzhou he lavishly decorated the official residence to welcome an imperial princess. He had the ramparts repaired and opened windows along the top to overlook the main road, shaped like arrow-slits. He never reported this to the court. His staff remonstrated with him, but he would not listen, and the matter drew considerable public criticism. Earlier Shouxin had governed Chenzhou and died at fifty-seven. When Baoji succeeded to the same post, his life ended at the same age, which observers found remarkable.
19
保吉子貽孫，任崇儀使、帶御器械，坐事免官。 孝孫，西京左藏庫使。
Baoji's son Yisun served as Commissioner of Honored Rites and Bearer of Imperial Arms but was dismissed from office for an offense. Xiaosun served as Commissioner of the Western Capital Left Treasury.
20
孫元孫
Grandson: Yuansun
21
元孫，字善長，始名慶孫，避章獻太后祖諱易之。 以守信蔭為東頭供奉官、閣門祗候，累遷如京副使。
Yuansun, style name Shanchang, was originally named Qingsun. He changed his name to avoid the taboo on the name of Empress Dowager Zhangxian's ancestor. Through Shouxin's hereditary privilege he became Eastern Head Attendant-in-Ordinary and Ceremonial Attendant at the Gate, and was later promoted to Vice Commissioner on Mission to the Capital.
22
康定初，夏人寇延州，元孫與戰于三川口，軍敗見執。 傳者以為已死，贈忠正軍節度使兼太傅，錄其子孫七人。 及元昊納款，縱元孫歸。 諫官御史奏元孫軍敗不死，辱國，請斬塞下。 賈昌朝獨言曰：「在春秋時，晉獲楚將穀臣，楚獲晉將知罃，亦還其國不誅。」 因入對，探袖出《魏志于禁傳》以奏曰：「前代將臣，敗覆而還，多不加罪。」 帝乃貸元孫，安置全州。 以升祔赦，內徙襄州。 侍御史劉湜言：「元孫失軍辱命，朝廷貸而不誅，若例從量移，無以勸用命之士。」 元孫遂不徙。 後徙許州，還京師卒。
Early in the Kangding reign the Tangut raided Yanzhou. Yuansun fought them at Sankou Pass, his army was defeated, and he was taken captive. Rumor held that he was dead. He was posthumously made military governor of the Zhongzheng army and Concurrent Grand Tutor, and seven of his sons and grandsons were enrolled in office. When Yuanhao submitted to the Song, Yuansun was released and allowed to return. Remonstrating officials and censors memorialized that Yuansun had survived a defeated army and disgraced the state, and asked that he be executed at the frontier. Jia Changchao alone argued, "In Spring and Autumn times, when Jin captured the Chu general Guyin and Chu captured the Jin general Zhi Ying, each side returned the captive without execution." He then entered audience, drew from his sleeve the biography of Yu Jin from the Records of Wei, and presented it, saying, "Generals of former ages who were defeated and returned were usually not punished." The emperor thereupon pardoned Yuansun and settled him at Quanzhou. Under an amnesty issued for the elevation of the imperial ancestral temple, he was moved inland to Xiangzhou. Censor Liu Yu said, "Yuansun lost his army and disgraced his commission. If the court pardons him without execution and then allows a routine transfer, there will be no way to encourage men who stake their lives on duty." Yuansun was therefore not transferred. He was later transferred to Xuzhou, returned to the capital, and died there.
23
王審琦
Wang Shenqi
24
王審琦，字仲寶，其先遼西人，後徙家洛陽。 漢乾祐初，隸周祖帳下，性純謹，甚親任之。 從平李守貞，以功署廳直左番副將。 廣順中，歷東西班行首、內殿直都知、鐵騎指揮使，從世宗征劉崇，力戰有功，遷東西班都虞候，改鐵騎都虞候，轉本軍右第二軍都校。 世宗召禁軍諸校宴射苑中，審琦連中的，世宗嘉之，賞齎有加。 俄領勤州刺史。
Wang Shenqi, style name Zhongbao, came from a family originally of Liaoxi that later moved to Luoyang. Early in the Han Qianyou reign he entered the service of Zhou Taizu. Pure and careful by nature, he was greatly favored and trusted. He followed the campaign that pacified Li Shouzhen and, for his merit, was appointed deputy commander of the left rotation in the Hall Guard. During the Guangshun period he served successively as head of the Eastern and Western Classes, director of the Inner Palace Guard, and commander of the Iron Cavalry. He accompanied Shizong against Liu Chong, fought with distinction, and was promoted to commandant of the Eastern and Western Classes, then commandant of the Iron Cavalry, and finally colonel of the second right army of that corps. Shizong summoned the commanders of the palace army to feast and shoot in the imperial garden. Shenqi hit the target repeatedly, and Shizong praised him with extra rewards. He soon served as prefect of Qinzhou.
25
宋初，擢為殿前都指揮使、領泰寧軍節度。 從征李筠，為御營前洞屋都部署，為飛石所傷，車駕臨視。 澤、潞平，改領武成軍節度。 李重進叛，副石守信為前軍部署討之。
Early in the Song he was promoted to commander-in-chief of the Palace Front Division and military governor of the Taining army. In the campaign against Li Jun he served as commander of the forward covered works of the imperial camp. Wounded by a catapult stone, he was visited by the emperor in person. After Ze and Lu were pacified, he was made military governor of the Wucheng army. When Li Chongjin rebelled, he served under Shi Shouxin as deputy commander of the forward army sent to suppress him.
26
建隆二年，出為忠正軍節度。 在鎮八年，為政寬簡。 所部邑令以罪停其錄事吏，幕僚白令不先咨府，請按之。 審琦曰：「五代以來，諸侯強橫，令宰不得專縣事。 今天下治平，我忝守藩維，而部內宰能斥去黠吏，誠可嘉爾，何按之有？」 聞者歎服。
In the second year of Jianlong he was posted as military governor of the Zhongzheng army. He governed his post for eight years with a lenient and straightforward administration. A county magistrate under his jurisdiction suspended a recording clerk for an offense. A staff member reported that the magistrate had acted without first consulting the prefectural office and asked that he be investigated. Shenqi said, "Since the Five Dynasties, regional lords have been overbearing and magistrates could not govern their counties independently. Now the realm is at peace. Though I am unworthy to guard a frontier post, a magistrate in my district who can drive out a crafty clerk is truly praiseworthy. Why investigate him?" Those who heard of this sighed in admiration.
27
開寶二年，從征太原，為御營四面都巡檢。 三年，改鎮許州，賜甲第，留京師。 太祖嘗召審琦宴射苑中，連中的，賜御馬、黃金鞍勒。 六年，與高懷德並加同平章事。 七年，卒，年五十。
In the second year of Kaibao he joined the campaign against Taiyuan as grand inspector on all four sides of the imperial camp. In the third year he was transferred to Xuzhou, granted a fine mansion, and remained at the capital. Taizu once summoned Shenqi to feast and shoot in the imperial garden. Shenqi hit the target repeatedly and was granted an imperial horse with a golden saddle and bridle. In the sixth year he and Gao Huaide were both made Concurrent Councilors of Equal Rank. In the seventh year he died at fifty.
28
初，審琦暴疾，不能語，帝親臨視，及卒，又幸其第，哭之慟。 賜中書令，追封琅琊郡王，賻贈加等。 葬日，又為廢朝。
When Shenqi fell suddenly ill and could not speak, the emperor visited him in person. After his death the emperor again went to his mansion and wept bitterly. He was posthumously made Director of the Department of State Affairs, enfeoffed as Prince of Langya, and granted funeral gifts of the highest grade. On the day of his burial the court again suspended audiences.
29
審琦重厚有方略，尤善騎射。 鎮壽春，歲得租課，量入為出，未嘗有所誅求。 素不能飲，嘗侍宴，太祖酒酣仰祝曰：「酒，天之美祿； 審琦，朕布衣交也。 方與朕共享富貴，何靳之不令飲邪？」 祝畢，顧謂審琦曰：「天必賜卿酒量，試飲之，勿憚也。」 審琦受詔，飲十杯無苦。 自此侍宴常引滿，及歸私家即不能飲，或強飲輒病。
Shenqi was grave, substantial, and resourceful, and was especially skilled at mounted archery. While governing Shouchun he measured income against expenditure from the annual rents and taxes and never made exactions. He had never been able to hold his wine. Once, while attending a feast, Taizu, well into his cups, looked up and prayed, "Wine is Heaven's beautiful bounty; Shenqi is my friend from the days when I wore plain cloth. He is now sharing wealth and honor with me. Why be stingy and not let him drink?" When the prayer was finished he turned to Shenqi and said, "Heaven is sure to grant you a capacity for wine. Try drinking, and do not hold back." Shenqi obeyed and drank ten cups without discomfort. From then on he often drained his cup at court feasts, but at home he could not drink at all, and if forced to drink would fall ill.
30
子承衍、承衎、承德、承祐、承俊、承偓、承僎、承僅、承休。 承德至西上閣門使、會州刺史； 承祐至如京使； 承俊、承僎至內殿崇班； 承偓至閣門祗候； 承僅至左神武將軍致仕； 承休至內殿承制。
His sons were Chengyan, Chengyan, Chengde, Chengyou, Chengjun, Chengwu, Chengzan, Chengjin, and Chengxiu. Chengde rose to Western Upper Gate Commissioner and prefect of Huizhou; Chengyou rose to Commissioner on Mission to the Capital; Chengjun and Chengzan rose to Honored Company of the Inner Hall; Chengwu rose to Ceremonial Attendant at the Gate; Chengjin rose to General of the Left Divine Martial Army and retired; Chengxiu rose to Drafter of the Inner Hall.
31
子承衍
Son: Chengyan
32
承衍，字希甫，幼端謹。 審琦鎮袞、滑、壽春，皆署以牙職。 開寶初，補內殿供奉官都知。 三年，尚太祖女昭慶公主，授右衛將軍、駙馬都尉，仍充都知。 逾年，領恩州刺史，加本州防禦使。 太平興國初，遷應州觀察使。 二年春，太宗幸其第，賜宴，承衍以金器、名馬為壽，詔賜銀萬兩、錦彩五千匹。 三年，加檢校太保。 坐市竹木秦、隴，矯制免稅算，罰一季俸。 七年，授彰國軍節度。
Chengyan, style name Xifu, was upright and careful from childhood. Whenever Shenqi governed Yan, Hua, and Shouchun, he appointed Chengyan to staff posts at headquarters. Early in the Kaibao period he was appointed Director of Attendants-in-Ordinary of the Inner Hall. In the third year he married Taizu's daughter, Princess Zhaoqing, and was appointed General of the Right Guard and Commander of the Imperial Sons-in-Law while retaining his directorship. A year later he served as prefect of Enzhou and was made defense commissioner of that prefecture. At the opening of the Taiping Xingguo reign he was made surveillance commissioner of Yingzhou. In the spring of the second year Taizong visited his mansion and granted a feast. Chengyan presented gold vessels and a fine horse as gifts, and an edict granted him ten thousand taels of silver and five thousand bolts of brocade. In the third year he was made Honorary Junior Preceptor. He was fined one season's salary for buying bamboo and timber in the Qin-Long region under forged papers exempting him from tax. In the seventh year he was made military governor of the Zhangguo army.
33
雍熙中，出知天雄軍府兼都部署。 時契丹擾鎮陽，候騎至冀州，去魏二百餘里。 鄰境戒嚴，城中大恐，屬上元節，承衍下令市中及佛寺然燈設樂，與賓佐宴游達旦，人賴以安。 明年召還，復為貝冀都部署。 端拱初，換永清軍節度，再知天雄軍。 吏民千餘詣監軍，請為本道節帥，詔褒之。
During the Yongxi period he was posted to govern the Tianxiong headquarters with concurrent command of troops and horses. At the time the Khitan were raiding Zhenyang, and their scouts reached Jizhou, little more than two hundred li from Wei. Neighboring districts were on alert and the city was terrified. It happened to be the Lantern Festival. Chengyan ordered lamps lit and music played in the markets and temples, feasted with his staff until dawn, and the people took heart from this display of calm. The following year he was recalled and again made commander-in-chief of Bei and Ji. Early in the Duangong period he was transferred to military governor of the Yongqing army and again governed the Tianxiong headquarters. More than a thousand officials and commoners petitioned the military supervisor to make him military commissioner of the circuit. An edict commended the request.
34
真宗即位，改河中尹、護國軍節度，加檢校太尉。 咸平六年，以疾求罷節鉞，三抗表不許。 帝自臨問，至臥內慰勉久之，賜予甚厚，擇尚醫數人迭宿其第。 卒，年五十二。 車駕臨，贈中書令，給鹵簿葬，諡恭肅。 其後公主請置守塚五戶，從之。
When Zhenzong ascended the throne, Chengyan was made Intendant of Hezhong and military governor of the Huguo army and was given the honorary title Grand Commandant. In the sixth year of Xianping he asked to resign his military command on grounds of illness, but three memorials were refused. The emperor visited him in person, entered his bedchamber, and comforted him at length with lavish gifts. Several court physicians were chosen to stay in rotation at his mansion. He died at fifty-two. The emperor came in person. Chengyan was posthumously made Director of the Department of State Affairs, granted a full funeral escort, and given the posthumous name Gongsu. Later the princess asked that five households be assigned to guard the tomb, and the request was granted.
35
承衍善騎射，曉音律，頗涉學藝，好吟詠。 以功臣子尚主貴顯，擁富貲，自奉甚厚。
Chengyan was skilled at mounted archery, understood music, was well versed in the arts of learning, and loved to compose poetry. As the son of a meritorious minister who had married a princess, he was noble and prominent, possessed great wealth, and lived in considerable luxury.
36
子世安、世隆、世雄、世融。 世安至崇儀副使、通事舍人。 世隆，字本支，以公主子為如京副使，歷洛苑、六宅二使、領平州刺史。 性驕恣，每坐諸叔之上，人皆嗤之。 景德初卒，特贈泰州防禦使。 召見其三子，賜名克基、克緒、克忠，皆面授供奉官。 世雄至內殿崇班。 世融為內殿承制。 世安子克正殿中丞。 克基、克忠並為西染院副使兼閣門通事舍人。 克緒至內殿承制。 世隆幼子克明為西上閣門副使。
His sons were Shi'an, Shilong, Shixiong, and Shirong. Shi'an rose to Vice Commissioner of Honored Rites and Master of Ceremonies. Shilong, style name Benzhi, entered office as son of a princess with the post of Vice Commissioner on Mission to the Capital, later served as commissioner of the Luoyang park and the Six Residences, and held Pingzhou. He was proud and willful by nature and always took a seat above his uncles, which people mocked. He died early in the Jingde reign and was specially posthumously made defense commissioner of Taizhou. The emperor summoned his three sons, granted them the names Keji, Kexu, and Kezhong, and personally appointed each Attendant-in-Ordinary. Shixiong rose to Honored Company of the Inner Hall. Shirong served as Drafter of the Inner Hall. Shi'an's son Kezheng became Palace Attendant. Keji and Kezhong both served as vice commissioners of the Western Dyeing Bureau and concurrently as masters of ceremonies at the gate. Kexu rose to Drafter of the Inner Hall. Shilong's youngest son Keming became Vice Commissioner of the Western Upper Gate.
37
子承衎
Son: Chengyan
38
承衎，字希悅，開寶中，授閑廄使，面賜紫袍、金帶，才十二歲。 太平興國中，出監徐州軍，又為西京水南巡檢使，改如京使。 表求治郡自效，命知潭州，遷六宅使、領昭州刺史，俄知澶州，加莊宅使。 咸平中，兩賜川峽傳詔，慰撫官吏，經略蠻洞。 連知延、代、幷三州，皆兼兵馬鈐轄，改尚食使。 鳳翔張雍病，命承衎代之，徙涇州，授下閣門使，改領永州刺史。 景德中，真宗以天水近邊，蕃漢雜處，擇守臣撫治，擢承衎知秦州，徙知天雄軍。 大中祥符初，進秩東上閣門使。 承衎病足，在大名不能騎，政多廢馳，及代，賜告家居，表求解職，不允。 以久不朝請，求近郡，改左武衛大將軍，知壽州。 二年，卒，年四十九。 詔遣其弟承僎馳往護喪。
Chengyan, style name Xiyue, was appointed Commissioner of the Idle Stables during the Kaibao period and was personally granted a purple robe and gold belt at only twelve. During the Taiping Xingguo period he supervised the Xuzhou army, later served as inspector south of the waters of the Western Capital, and was then made Commissioner on Mission to the Capital. He memorialized asking to govern a prefecture and prove his worth. He was appointed prefect of Tanzhou, later made Commissioner of the Six Residences while holding Shaozhou, soon governed Chunzhou, and was made Commissioner of Imperial Estates. During the Xianping period he was twice entrusted with imperial edicts to the Sichuan gorges, where he comforted local officials and oversaw the tribal cave settlements. He served in succession as prefect of Yan, Dai, and Bing, each time concurrently holding the post of military commander-in-chief, and was then made Commissioner of Imperial Food. When Zhang Yong of Fengxiang fell ill, Chengyan was ordered to replace him. He was transferred to Jingzhou, appointed Lower Gate Commissioner, and reassigned to hold Yongzhou. During the Jingde reign, Zhenzong chose a guardian minister to pacify the border region around Tianshui, where tribal and Han peoples mingled. Chengyan was promoted to prefect of Qinzhou and later transferred to command the Tianxiong Army. At the beginning of the Dazhong Xiangfu era he was promoted to Eastern Upper Gate Commissioner. Chengyan suffered from a foot ailment. At Daming he could no longer ride, and much of his work went undone because he could not move about quickly. When his term ended he was granted sick leave at home and memorialized asking to resign, but the request was denied. Because he had long been absent from court audiences, he asked for a nearby post and was made Grand General of the Left Martial Guard and prefect of Shouzhou. In the second year of the era he died at the age of forty-nine. An edict dispatched his younger brother Chengyin to hurry there and oversee the funeral.
39
承衎頗涉學，喜為詩，所至為一集。 曉音律，多與士大夫游，意豁如也。 初，審琦鎮壽春，承衎生於郡廨，至卒亦於其地，人咸異之。
Chengyan was well read, loved to write poetry, and compiled a collection at each place he served. He understood music, kept company with many scholar-officials, and bore himself with an open, easy manner. Earlier, when Shenqi governed Shouchun, Chengyan had been born in the prefectural office; he also died there, and people regarded it as remarkable.
40
子世京為閣門祗候，世文內殿崇班。
His son Shijing served as Attendant at the Gate, and Shiwen as Honored Company of the Inner Hall.
41
孫克臣等
Grandson: Ke Chen, et al.
42
克臣，字子難。 祖承衍尚秦國賢穆公主。 克臣第景祐進士，仁宗閱其文，顧侍臣曰：「賢穆有孫登科，可喜也。」 仕累通判壽州。 鼓角卒夜入州廨，擊郡將，既就擒，而監兵使所部被甲操刃立庭中，官吏駭觀。 克臣徐言曰：「此不過為盜耳。」 立遣甲者去，戒兇卒勿妄引他人，眾讙服，是日天貺節，率掾屬朝謁如常儀，人賴以安，猶坐貶監潭州稅。
Ke Chen, style name Zinan. His grandfather Chengyin married Princess Xianmu of the State of Qin. Ke Chen passed the jinshi examination in the Jingyou reign. When Renzong reviewed his essay he turned to the attendant ministers and said, "Princess Xianmu has a grandson who has passed the examinations — how delightful. In office he served in succession as vice-prefect of Shouzhou. At night, garrison drum-and-horn troops broke into the prefectural office and attacked the prefectural commander. After they were captured, the supervising military officer had his men don armor, take up blades, and stand in the courtyard while the officials watched in alarm. Ke Chen said calmly, "This is nothing more than robbery. He immediately dismissed the armored men, warned the ringleaders not to implicate others without cause, and won the crowd's assent. That day was the Festival of Heaven's Gift; he led his staff through the usual court audience, and the people were reassured — yet he was still demoted to supervisor of the Tanzhou tax office.
43
熙寧中，為開封、度支二判官，遷鹽鐵副使。 時鄭俠以上書竄嶺表，克臣嘗薦俠，且饋之白金，又坐奪官。 復為戶部副使，以集賢殿修撰知鄆州。 京東多盜，克臣請以便宜處決，遂下諸郡使械送尤桀者斬以徇，盜為少衰。 河決曹村，克臣亟築堤城下，或曰：「河決澶淵，去鄆為遠，且州徙于高，八十年不知有水患，安事此。」 克臣不聽，役愈急，堤成，水大至，不沒者才尺餘。 復起甬道，屬之東平王陵埽，人得趨以避水。 事寧，皆繪像祀之。
During the Xining period he served as vice-director of both Kaifeng and the Department of Revenue, then was promoted to vice commissioner of the Salt and Iron Monopoly. At that time Zheng Xia had been exiled to the southern frontier for submitting a memorial. Ke Chen had once recommended him and even gave him white gold, and for this he again lost his office. He was restored as vice director of the Ministry of Revenue and, as Academician of the Hall for Treasuring the Classics, was appointed prefect of Yanzhou. Banditry was rampant in the eastern capital circuit. Ke Chen requested discretionary authority to execute offenders, and an order went out to the prefectures to send the worst offenders in fetters to be beheaded as a warning. Banditry declined somewhat. When the Yellow River broke through at Caocun, Ke Chen urgently built dikes below the city wall. Some said, "The breach was at Chanyuan — Yan is far from there, and the prefectural seat was moved to higher ground; for eighty years it has known no flood. Why bother with this? Ke Chen would not listen, and the labor grew ever more urgent. When the dike was finished the flood surged in, and only a little over a foot of the city remained above water. He then built a causeway linking it to the Wangling embankment at Dongping, giving people a route to escape the flood. When the crisis passed, the people painted his portrait and worshipped him.
44
進天章閣侍制，徙知瀛州，有告外間入境，密旨趣具獄，株連甚眾，克臣陰緩之，已而得為間者於他道。 徙知太原，王中正西討罔功，而誣克臣姑息士卒，使無固志，黜為單州。 明年，拜工部侍郎。 至是，神宗幸尚書省，至部舍止輦，獎其治力，以為雖少者不及。 顧其子駙馬都尉師約使入覲。 元祐四年，以龍圖閣直學士、太中大夫卒，年七十六。
He was promoted to attendant academician of the Hall of Heavenly Patterns and transferred to Yingzhou. When someone reported an infiltrator crossing the border, a secret edict pressed for a swift conviction and many were implicated. Ke Chen quietly slowed the case, and the spy was later caught on another route. He was transferred to Taiyuan. Wang Zhongzheng's western campaign achieved nothing, yet he falsely accused Ke Chen of coddling the troops and sapping their fighting spirit, and Ke Chen was demoted to Danzhou. The following year he was appointed vice minister of works. By then Shenzong visited the Ministry of Works. When he reached the ministry building he stopped his carriage and praised Ke Chen's administrative ability, saying that even younger officials could not match him. He then had his son, Imperial Son-in-Law Commandant Shi Yue, presented at court. In the fourth year of Yuanyou he died at the age of seventy-six, holding the posts of direct academician of the Hall of Dragon Designs and grandee of palace attendance.
45
師約，字君授，少習進士業。 英宗欲求儒生為主婿，命宰相召克臣諭旨，令師約持所為文至第。 明日，獻賦一編，即坐中賦《大人繼明詩》，遂賜對，選為駙馬都尉，尚徐國公主。 授左衛將軍，面賜玉帶，又賜九經、筆硯，勉之進學。
Shi Yue, style name Junshou, studied for the jinshi examinations in his youth. Yingzong wished to choose a Confucian scholar as imperial son-in-law. He ordered the chief ministers to summon Ke Chen, convey the intent, and have Shi Yue bring his writings to the palace. The next day he presented a collection of fu and, on the spot, composed the poem "The Great Man Who Succeeds the Bright." He was granted an audience, chosen as imperial son-in-law commandant, and married Princess Xu of the State of Xu. He was appointed general of the Left Guard, personally granted a jade belt, and given the Nine Classics along with brush and inkstone, with encouragement to continue his studies.
46
哲宗立，遷鎮安軍節度觀察留後。 宣仁后臨朝，師約屢上書言事。 元符初，議者以為職不當上言，褫其秩。 徽宗即位，乃復保平軍留後，又為樞密都承旨，未幾復罷。 崇甯元年，卒，年五十九。
When Zhezong acceded he was made military governor and observation commissioner of Zhen'an Army, remaining in office. While Empress Dowager Xuanren held court, Shi Yue repeatedly submitted memorials on state affairs. Early in the Yuanfu reign critics argued that his office should not address such matters, and his rank was stripped from him. When Huizong acceded he was restored as regent of Baoping Army, then made chief secretary of the Bureau of Military Affairs, but was soon dismissed again. In the first year of Chongning he died at the age of fifty-nine.
47
師約善射，嘗陪遼使燕射玉津園，一發中鵠，發必破的，屢受金帶及鞍勒馬之賜。
Shi Yue was a skilled archer. Once, while entertaining Liao envoys at an archery feast in Yujin Garden, he hit the bullseye with his first shot. Every arrow found its mark, and he received repeated gifts of gold belts, saddles, bridles, and horses.
48
子殊，主所生，至閬州觀察使。
His son Shu, born to the princess, rose to observation commissioner of Langzhou.
49
高懷德
Gao Huaide
50
高懷德，字藏用，真定常山人，周天平節度齊王行周之子。 懷德忠厚倜儻，有武勇。 行周歷延、潞二鎮及留守洛都，節制宋、亳，皆署以牙職。 晉開運初，遼人侵邊，以行周為北面前軍都部署。 懷德始冠，白行周願從北征。 行周壯之，許其行，至戚城遇遼軍，被圍數重，援兵不至，危甚。 懷德左右射，縱橫馳突，眾皆披靡，挾父而出。 以功領羅州刺史，賜珍裘、寶帶、名馬以寵異之。 及行周移鎮鄆州，改信州刺史，仍領牙校。 又遷信州刺史，從行周再鎮宋州。
Gao Huaide, style name Cangyong, was a native of Changshan in Zhending and the son of Xingzhou, Prince of Qi and military governor of the Tianping circuit under the Zhou. Huaide was loyal, generous, and bold, and possessed martial courage. When Xingzhou governed Yan and Lu in succession, remained to guard the Luoyang capital, and controlled Song and Bo, he always appointed Huaide to staff positions at headquarters. At the beginning of the Kaiyun era under Jin, when the Khitan invaded the frontier, Xingzhou was made overall commander of the northern front army. Huaide had just come of age and told Xingzhou he wished to join the northern campaign. Xingzhou admired his spirit and let him go. At Qicheng they met Khitan forces, were surrounded many times over while reinforcements failed to arrive, and the danger was extreme. Huaide shot in every direction, charging and breaking through at will. The enemy scattered before him, and he fought his way out with his father. For his merit he was appointed prefect of Luozhou and was granted a rare fur robe, a precious belt, and a famous horse in special recognition. When Xingzhou was transferred to govern Yanzhou, Huaide was made prefect of Xinzhou while retaining his headquarters staff post. He was again made prefect of Xinzhou and followed Xingzhou when the latter again governed Songzhou.
51
晉末，契丹南侵，以行周為邢趙路都部署禦之，留懷德守睢陽。 會杜重威降契丹，京東諸州群盜大起，懷德堅壁清野，敵不能入。 行周率兵歸鎮，敵遂解去。 漢初，行周移鎮魏博，及再領天平，以懷德為忠州刺史領職如故。 周祖征慕容彥超，還過汶上，寵賜行周甚厚，並賜懷德衣帶、彩繒、鞍勒馬。
At the end of the Jin dynasty, when the Khitan invaded southward, Xingzhou was made overall commander of the Xing-Zhao route to repel them, and Huaide was left to guard Suiyang. When Du Chongwei surrendered to the Khitan, bandits rose throughout the eastern capital circuit. Huaide strengthened his defenses and cleared the countryside, and the enemy could not break in. When Xingzhou led his troops back to his command, the enemy withdrew. Early in the Han dynasty Xingzhou was transferred to Weibo, and when he again held Tianping, Huaide was made prefect of Zhongzhou while retaining his former duties. When the Zhou founder campaigned against Murong Yanchao and returned through Wenshang, he richly rewarded Xingzhou and also granted Huaide robes, belts, colored silks, saddles, bridles, and horses.
52
行周卒，召懷德為東西班都指揮使、領吉州刺史，改鐵騎都指揮使。 太原劉崇入寇，世宗討之，以懷德為先鋒都虞候。 高平克捷，以功遷鐵騎右廂都指揮使、領果州團練使。
When Xingzhou died, Huaide was summoned to serve as commander of the eastern and western classes while holding Jizhou, and was then made commander of the Iron Cavalry. When Liu Chong of Taiyuan invaded, Shizong marched against him and made Huaide vanguard vice commander. After the victory at Gaoping he was promoted to commander of the right wing of the Iron Cavalry and regimental commissioner of Guozhou.
53
從征淮南，知廬州行府事，充招安使。 戰廬州城下，斬首七百餘級。 尋遷龍捷左廂都指揮使、領岳州防禦使，賜駿馬七匹。 南唐將劉仁贍據壽春，舒元據紫金山，置連珠砦為援，以抗周師。 世宗命懷德率帳下親信數十騎覘其營壘。 懷德夜涉淮，遲明，賊始覺來戰，懷德以少擊眾，擒其裨將以還，盡偵知其形勢強弱，以白世宗。 世宗大喜，賜襲衣、金帶、器幣、銀鞍勒馬。 世宗一日因按轡淮壖以觀賊勢，見一將追擊賊眾，奪槊以還，令左右問之，乃懷德也。 召至行在慰勞，許以節鋮。
He joined the campaign against Huainan, managed affairs at the Luzhou field headquarters, and served as pacification commissioner. In battle below the walls of Luzhou he took more than seven hundred heads. He was soon made commander of the left wing of the Dragon Swift and defense commissioner of Yuezhou, and was granted seven fine horses. The Southern Tang generals Liu Renzan held Shouchun and Shu Yuan held Purple Gold Mountain, building linked-pearl fortifications as support against the Zhou army. Shizong ordered Huaide to lead several dozen trusted horsemen from his personal guard to reconnoiter the enemy camps. Huaide crossed the Huai by night. At dawn the enemy only then noticed and came to fight. With a small force he struck a large one, captured an enemy vice general, and returned after fully reconnoitering their strength and weakness, reporting everything to Shizong. Shizong was greatly pleased and granted him a ceremonial robe, a gold belt, vessels and silks, and a silver saddle, bridle, and horse. One day, as Shizong held the reins on the Huai bank to observe the enemy, he saw a general pursue the enemy host, seize a spear, and ride back. He had those beside him ask who it was — it was Huaide. He summoned him to headquarters to comfort and reward him, and promised him a military commission.
54
世宗北征，命與韓通率兵先抵滄州。 初得關南，又命副陳思讓為雄州兵馬都部署，克瓦橋關，降姚內斌以歸。 恭帝嗣位，擢為侍衛馬軍都指揮使、領江寧軍節度，又為北面行營馬軍都指揮使。
When Shizong marched north he ordered Huaide and Han Tong to lead troops to Cangzhou ahead of the main force. When the southern passes were first taken, he was again ordered to serve under Chen Siliang as overall military commander of Xiongzhou, captured Waqiao Pass, and returned after Yao Neibin surrendered. When Emperor Gong succeeded, Huaide was promoted to commander of the palace horse army and military governor of Jiangning, and also served as commander of the northern campaign horse army.
55
懷德將家子，練習戎事，不喜讀書，性簡率，不拘小節。 善音律，自為新聲，度曲極精妙。 好射獵，嘗三五日露宿野次，獲狐兔累數百，或對客不揖而起，由別門引數十騎從禽於郊。
Huaide came from a general's household, was trained in military affairs, did not care for books, and was by nature plain and direct, unconcerned with minor proprieties. He was skilled at music, composed new melodies himself, and set tunes with exceptional refinement. He loved hunting and would sometimes camp in the open for three or five days at a time, taking foxes and hares by the hundreds. Sometimes he would rise before guests without bowing, slip out another gate, and lead several dozen horsemen to hunt in the suburbs.
56
子處恭，歷莊宅使至右監門衛大將軍致仕。 處俊至西京作坊使。
His son Chugong rose from commissioner of imperial estates to grand general of the Right Gate Guard, then retired. Chujun rose to commissioner of the Western Capital workshops.
57
韓重贇
Han Chongyun
58
韓重贇，磁州武安人。 少以武勇隸周太祖麾下。 廣順初，補左班殿直副都知。 從世宗戰高平，以功遷鐵騎指揮使。 從征淮南，先登中流矢，轉都虞候。 俄遷控鶴軍都指揮使、領虔州刺史。
Han Chongyun was a native of Wu'an in Cizhou. In youth he entered service under the Zhou founder for his martial courage. At the beginning of the Guangshun reign he was appointed deputy chief of the left class palace attendant. He followed Shizong at the battle of Gaoping and, for his merit, was promoted to commander of the Iron Cavalry. He joined the campaign against Huainan, was first to scale the walls and was struck by an arrow in the fighting, and was promoted to vice commander. He was soon made commander of the Crane-Control Army and prefect of Qianzhou.
59
宋初，以翊戴功，擬為龍捷左廂都校、領永州防禦使。 從征澤、潞還，命代張光翰為侍衛馬步軍都指揮使、領江寧軍節度。 討李重進，為行營馬步軍都虞候。 建隆二年，改殿前都指揮使、領義成軍節度。 三年，發京畿丁壯數千，築皇城東北隅，且令有司繪洛陽宮殿，按圖修之，命重贇董其役。 乾德三年秋，河決澶州，命重贇督丁壯數十萬塞之。
Early in the Song dynasty, for merit in supporting the enthronement he was proposed as colonel of the left wing of the Dragon Swift and defense commissioner of Yongzhou. Returning from the campaign against Ze and Lu, he was ordered to replace Zhang Guanghan as commander of the palace horse and foot armies and military governor of Jiangning. In the campaign against Li Chongjin he served as vice commander of the field headquarters horse and foot armies. In the second year of Jianlong he was made commander of the palace front army and military governor of Yicheng. In the third year he mobilized several thousand strong men from the capital region to build the northeastern corner of the imperial city. He also ordered the relevant offices to paint the Luoyang palace halls and repair them according to the plans, placing Chongyun in charge of the work. In the autumn of the third year of Qiande the Yellow River broke at Chunzhou, and Chongyun was ordered to supervise several hundred thousand laborers in blocking the breach.
60
四年，太祖郊祀，以為儀仗都部署。 時有譖贇私取親兵為腹心者，太祖怒，欲誅之。 趙普諫曰：「親兵，陛下必不自將，須擇人付之。 若重贇以讒誅，即人人懼罪，誰復為陛下將親兵者？。」 太祖納其言，重贇得不誅。 後聞普嘗救己，即詣普謝，普拒不見。
In the fourth year, when Taizu performed the suburban sacrifice, Chongyun was made overall commander of the ceremonial guard. At the time someone slandered Chongyun, claiming he had taken personal guards as his private inner circle. Taizu was enraged and wished to execute him. Zhao Pu remonstrated and said, "The personal guard — Your Majesty surely will not command them yourself; you must choose someone to entrust them to. If Chongyun is executed on false charges, then everyone will fear punishment — who again will command the personal guard for Your Majesty? Taizu accepted his advice, and Chongyun was not put to death. When he later learned that Zhao Pu had once saved his life, he went to thank him, but Pu refused to receive him.
61
五年二月，出為彰德軍節度。 開寶二年，太祖征太原，過其郡，重贇迎謁于王橋頓，召赴燕飲。 帝曰：「契丹知我是行，必率眾來援，彼意鎮、定無備，必由此路入。 卿為我領兵倍道兼行，出其不意，破之必矣。」 乃命為北面都部署。 重贇令軍士銜枚夜發，果遇契丹兵於定州，見重贇旗幟，大駭欲引去，重贇乘之，大破其眾，獲馬數百匹。 太祖大喜，優詔褒美。 七年，卒，贈侍中。
In the second month of the fifth year he was posted out as military governor of the Zhangde Army. In the second year of Kaibao, when Taizu marched on Taiyuan and passed through his jurisdiction, Chongyun came out to greet him at Wangqiao Station and was invited to a banquet. The emperor said, "The Khitans know I am on this expedition and will surely bring troops to relieve the city. They will assume Zhen and Ding are undefended and will certainly come in by this road. Lead my troops at forced march and take them by surprise — you are certain to break them." With that he was made overall commander of the northern front. Chongyun had his men march at night with gag-sticks in their mouths. At Dingzhou they ran into Khitan forces who, seeing Chongyun's banners, were so alarmed they tried to pull back. Chongyun pressed the attack, smashed their army, and took several hundred horses. Taizu was delighted and sent down a gracious edict commending him. In the seventh year he died and was posthumously appointed Palace Attendant.
62
重贇信奉釋氏，在安陽六七年，課民采木為寺，郡內苦之。 子崇訓、崇業。
Chongyun was a devout Buddhist. During the six or seven years he spent at Anyang he pressed the people to cut timber for temples, and the whole commandery groaned under the burden. His sons were Chongxun and Chongye.
63
重贇與張光翰、趙彥徽分領諸軍節度，嘉其翊戴功也。 光翰，後唐山南節度使虔劍兄子，及卒，贈侍中。 彥徽，真定安喜人，與太祖同事世宗，太祖兄事之，及卒，贈侍中。
Chongyun, Zhang Guanghan, and Zhao Yanhui were given separate military governorships in reward for their service in supporting the founding of the dynasty. Guanghan was a nephew of Qian Jian, military governor of Shannan under Later Tang. When he died he was posthumously made Palace Attendant. Yanhui was from Anxi in Zhending. He had served alongside Taizu under Shizong, and Taizu treated him as an elder brother. When he died he too was posthumously made Palace Attendant.
64
子崇訓
Son: Chongxun
65
崇訓，字知禮，乾德中，以蔭補供奉官，遷西京作坊副使，出為澶州河南北都巡檢使。 從太宗征河東，還，以貝、冀等州都巡檢使權知麟州。
Chongxun, courtesy name Zhili, entered service through yin privilege in the Qiande era as an attendant official. He was promoted to vice director of the Western Capital workshops, then sent out as metropolitan north-south patrol commissioner of Chunzhou. He followed Taizong on the Hedong campaign and, on returning, was made metropolitan patrol commissioner for Bei, Ji, and other prefectures with acting charge of Lin Prefecture.
66
雍熙中，李繼遷寇夏州，崇訓領兵赴援，大敗之。 徙監夏州軍。 歷知越、泉、登、莫四州，徙知威虜軍，改如京使。 咸平初，出知石州。 屬繼遷犯境，崇訓追襲之，至賀蘭山而還。 二年，再知麟州，又敗繼遷於城下。
During the Yongxi era, when Li Jiqian attacked Xia Prefecture, Chongxun marched to its relief and routed him. He was then transferred to supervise the garrison at Xia Prefecture. He served in turn as prefect of Yue, Quan, Deng, and Mo, then was moved to govern Weilu Army and promoted to envoy bearing credentials for the capital. At the opening of the Xianping era he was posted out to govern Shi Prefecture. When Jiqian raided the border, Chongxun pursued him as far as Helan Mountain before turning back. In the second year he was again put in charge of Lin Prefecture and once more defeated Jiqian beneath the city walls.
67
崇訓由河西徙閩、越，再移北邊，凡二十五年，以勞擢西上閣門使、邠甯環慶清遠軍都巡檢使。 徙鎮、定、高陽關行營鈐轄，屯鎮州，兼河北都轉運使事。 契丹兵至方順河，將寇威虜軍，崇訓陳兵唐河，扼其要路。 敵遣別騎寇赤堠驛崇，崇訓分兵擒戮之。 既而值霖雨，敵兵饑乏不敢進，遂遁去。 移幷、代鈐轄，權知幷州。 從部署張進領兵由土門會大將王超，襲破契丹於定州。 六年，授四方館使、樞密都承旨。 又命為鎮、定、高馬步軍都鈐轄，屯定州。
Chongxun served first in the Hexi corridor, then in Min and Yue, and then on the northern frontier for twenty-five years in all. For his long service he was promoted to western upper gate commissioner and metropolitan patrol commissioner of the Bin-Ning, Huanqing, and Qingyuan armies. He was reassigned as camp controller for the Zhen, Ding, and Gaoyang Pass field headquarters, stationed at Zhen Prefecture, and also handled the duties of metropolitan transport commissioner for Hebei. When Khitan forces reached the Fangshun River and were poised to strike Weilu Army, Chongxun drew up his men on the Tang River and blocked the key crossing. The enemy sent a detached cavalry column against Chichao Station; Chongxun divided his force, captured the raiders, and killed them. Soon heavy rains set in. The enemy, hungry and short of supplies, dared not press forward and withdrew. He was moved to controller of Bing and Dai with acting charge of Bing Prefecture. Under deployer Zhang Jin he led troops through Tumen Pass to join the commander Wang Chao and struck the Khitans at Dingzhou, breaking them completely. In the sixth year he was made commissioner of the Four Directions Hostel and chief liaison of the Bureau of Military Affairs. He was also appointed overall controller of the Zhen, Ding, and Gao infantry and cavalry forces, with his headquarters at Dingzhou.
68
景德初，契丹入寇至唐河，崇訓陳兵河南。 翌日，又與王超追襲至鎮州。 既而都部署桑贊逗留不進，崇訓帥兵獨往。 時車駕幸澶州，召崇訓，乃還。 三年春，拜檢校太傅。 大中祥符二年，授右龍武軍大將軍，領韶州防禦使，以本官分司西京卒，年五十六。
At the start of the Jingde era the Khitans invaded as far as the Tang River, and Chongxun drew up his army on the south bank. The following day he joined Wang Chao in pursuit all the way to Zhen Prefecture. When overall deployer Sang Zan hung back and would not advance, Chongxun marched forward on his own. The emperor was then at Chunzhou; Chongxun was recalled and returned. In the spring of the third year he was made honorary grand tutor. In the second year of Dazhong Xiangfu he was appointed general of the Right Dragon Martial Army and defender of Shaozhou. He died while holding his existing rank in a nominal post at the Western Capital, aged fifty-six.
69
崇訓為人長厚謙畏，未嘗忤物。
Chongxun was open-hearted, modest, and careful; he never gave offense to anyone.
70
子允恭，禮賓副使，有謀略，好學，人以為能世其家云。
His son Yungong served as vice commissioner of ceremonial reception. Clever and studious, he was regarded as able to uphold the family's reputation.
71
子崇業
Son: Chongye
72
崇業，字繼源，以蔭補供奉官，選尚秦廷美女雲陽公主，授左臨門衛將軍、駙馬都尉。 廷美得罪，降為右千牛衛率府率，分司西京，俄削秩，去駙馬之號，從貶房陵。 廷美卒，起為靜難軍行軍司馬。 雍熙三年，授甯州刺史。 公主卒，葬州境。 真宗初，始得入朝。 咸平四年，改左屯衛大將軍、領高州團練使，追封公主為虢國長公主。 五年十月，卒，年四十一。
Chongye, courtesy name Jiyuan, entered service through yin privilege as an attendant official. Chosen to marry the celebrated Princess Yunyang of the Qin court, he was made general of the Left Linmen Guard and commissioner as imperial son-in-law. When Tingmei was disgraced, Chongye was reduced to colonel of the Right Thousand-Ox Guard commandery with a nominal post at the Western Capital. Soon his rank was stripped, his title as imperial son-in-law was removed, and he was banished with Tingmei to Fangling. After Tingmei died he was recalled and made acting military affairs secretary of the Jingnan Army. In the third year of Yongxi he was appointed prefect of Ningzhou. When the princess died she was buried within his prefecture. Only at the beginning of Zhenzong's reign was he allowed to come to court again. In the fourth year of Xianping he was made general of the Left Tunwei Guard and regimented trainer of Gaozhou, and the princess was posthumously enfeoffed as grand princess of the state of Guo. In the tenth month of the fifth year he died, aged forty-one.
73
子允升為內殿承制、閣門祗候。
His son Yunsheng rose to inner hall artisan and gate attendant.
74
張令鐸
Zhang Lingduo
75
令鐸本名鐸，以與河中張鐸同姓名，故賜今名。
Lingduo was originally named Duo. Because a Zhang Duo in Hezhong bore the same name, the court granted him his present name.
76
宋初，遷馬步軍都虞候、領陳州節制。 太祖征李筠，以令鐸為東京舊城內都巡檢。 建隆二年，出為鎮寧軍節度。 帝為皇弟興元尹光美娶其第三女。 開寶二年，來朝被病，車駕臨問，賜帛五千匹、銀五千兩，並賜其家人甚厚。 明年春，卒于京師，年六十。 帝甚悲悼，贈侍中。
At the founding of the dynasty he was promoted to chief adjutant of the horse and foot armies with charge of Chen Prefecture. When Taizu marched against Li Jun, Lingduo was made metropolitan inner patrol commissioner of the old city of the Eastern Capital. In the second year of Jianlong he was posted out as military governor of the Zhenning Army. The emperor had his younger brother, Prince of Xingyuan Yin Guangmei, marry Lingduo's third daughter. In the second year of Kaibao he came to court ill. The emperor visited him in person, bestowed five thousand bolts of silk and five thousand taels of silver, and gave his family lavish gifts as well. The next spring he died in the capital, aged sixty. The emperor mourned him deeply and posthumously appointed him Palace Attendant.
77
令鐸性仁恕，嘗語人曰：「我從軍三十年，大小四十餘戰，多摧堅陷敵，未嘗妄殺一人。」 及卒，人多惜之。
Lingduo was humane and forgiving by nature. He once told others, "I have been in the army for thirty years and fought more than forty battles, large and small. I have often broken strong positions and routed the enemy, yet I have never killed anyone without cause." When he died, many grieved for him.
78
子守正，至內園使。 守恩，淳化中，累至崇儀副使，稍遷崇儀使，領錦州刺史，。 景德初，知原州，就加西上閣門使、知泰州，卒，。 錄其子奉禮郎永安為大理評事，後至殿中丞。
His son Shouzheng rose to inner garden commissioner. Shou'en, during the Chunhua era, rose step by step to vice commissioner of honored ceremonies, then was promoted to commissioner of honored ceremonies with charge of Jin Prefecture. At the start of the Jingde era he governed Yuan Prefecture, was then additionally made western upper gate commissioner and prefect of Taizhou, and died in office. His son Yong'an, a gentleman for ceremonial reception, was enrolled as a case reviewer in the Court of Judicial Review and later rose to palace secretariat director.
79
羅彥瓌
Luo Yanggui
80
羅彥瓌，幷州太原人。 父全德，晉泌州刺史，彥瓌得補內殿直。
Luo Yanggui was a native of Taiyuan in Bing Prefecture. His father Quande had been prefect of Bi under Jin. Yanggui entered service as an inner hall attendant.
81
少帝在澶州，欲命使宣慰大名府，時河北契丹騎充斥，遂募軍中驍勇士十人從行，彥瓌備選。 銜枚夜發，往返如期，由是補興順指揮使。 開運末，契丹主至汴，遣彥瓌送廄馬千匹赴幽薊，彥瓌至元氏，聞漢祖建號太原，以馬歸漢，漢祖嘉之。 及入汴，擢為護聖指揮使。 周初，遷散員都虞候，坐樞密使王浚黨，出為鄧州教練使。 世宗嗣位，召為伴飲指揮使，改馬步軍都軍頭。 從向訓收秦、鳳有功，遷散指揮都虞候。
While the Lesser Emperor was at Chunzhou he wanted to send an envoy to reassure Daming Prefecture. Khitan horsemen covered Hebei, so ten of the army's bravest men were chosen to escort the mission; Yanggui was one of them. They marched at night with gag-sticks in their mouths and returned on time. For this Yanggui was appointed commander of the Xingshun unit. At the end of Kaiyun the Khitan ruler reached Bian and sent Yanggui to deliver a thousand remounts to Youji. At Yuanshi Yanggui learned that Han Zu had proclaimed himself at Taiyuan, turned the horses over to him, and was commended. When Han entered Bian, Yanggui was promoted to commander of the Imperial Guard. At the start of the Zhou dynasty he became chief adjutant of the loose ranks, but as a partisan of the bureau commissioner Wang Jun he was sent out as training commissioner of Deng Prefecture. When Shizong took the throne he was recalled as commander of the Companion Guard and made chief general of the horse and foot armies. He followed Xiang Xun in the capture of Qin and Feng, distinguished himself, and was made chief adjutant of the loose command.
82
顯德末，太祖自陳橋入歸公署，見宰相范質等，未及言，彥瓌不挺劍而前曰：「我輩無主，今日須天子。」 質等由是降階聽命。 擢為控鶴左廂都指揮使，改內外馬軍都軍頭、領眉州防禦使。 從平澤、潞還，命代趙彥徽為侍衛步軍都指揮使、領武信軍節度。 建隆二年，出為彰德軍節度。 乾德二年，改安國軍節度，與昭義軍節度李繼勳大破契丹。 四年春，又與閣門使田欽祚殺太原軍千餘人于靜陽，禽其將鹿英等，獲馬三百匹。 明年，移鎮華州。 開寶二年，卒，年四十七。
At the end of Xiande, when Taizu came back from Chenqiao Bridge to the government offices and met the chancellor Fan Zhi and the others, Yanggui stepped forward before he could speak and declared, "We have no ruler — today there must be an emperor." At that Fan Zhi and the others came down the steps and submitted. He was promoted to commander of the left wing of the Crane Control Guard, made chief general of the inner and outer horse armies, and given charge of Meizhou as defender. After the pacification of Ze and Lu he was ordered to replace Zhao Yanhui as commander of the palace foot guard and military governor of the Wuxin Army. In the second year of Jianlong he was posted out as military governor of the Zhangde Army. In the second year of Qiande he was transferred to the Anguo Army and, together with Li Jixun of the Zhaoyi Army, won a great victory over the Khitans. In the spring of the fourth year he and gate commissioner Tian Qinzuo killed more than a thousand Taiyuan troops at Jingyang, captured generals such as Lu Ying, and took three hundred horses. The next year he was transferred to Huazhou. In the second year of Kaibao he died, aged forty-seven.
83
王彥昇
Wang Yanshen
84
王彥昇，字光烈，性殘忍多力，善擊劍，號「王劍兒」。 本蜀人，後唐同光中，蜀平，徙家洛陽。 初事宦官驃騎大將軍孟漢瓊，漢瓊以其趫勇，言于明宗，補東班承旨。 晉天福中，轉內殿直。 開運初，契丹圍大名，少帝幸澶州，募勇敢士齎詔納城中，彥昇與羅彥瓌應之。 一夕突圍而入，以功遷護聖指揮使。 周廣順中，從向拱破太原兵虒亭南，斬敵帥王璋於陣，以功遷龍捷右第九軍都虞候。 累轉鐵騎右第二軍都校、領合州刺史。 世宗征淮南，從劉崇進、宗偓破金牛水砦，禽偽軍校閻承旺、范橫。 又從李重進扞吳兵于盛唐，斬二千人餘級。 又從張永德攻瀛州，下束城，改散員都指揮使。
Wang Yanshen, courtesy name Guanglie, was cruel, immensely strong, and skilled with the sword. Men called him "Sword Wang." He was originally from Shu. When Shu was conquered in the Tongguang era of Later Tang, his family moved to Luoyang. He first served the eunuch general of fast cavalry Meng Hanqiong. Impressed by his swift courage, Hanqiong recommended him to Mingzong, and he was made an eastern-class attendant. During the Tianfu era of Jin he was transferred to inner hall attendant. At the start of Kaiyun, when the Khitans besieged Daming and the Lesser Emperor withdrew to Chunzhou, brave men were sought to carry an imperial message into the city. Yanshen and Luo Yanggui answered the call. In a single night they broke through the lines and entered the city. For this feat Yanshen was made commander of the Imperial Guard. During Guangshun of Zhou he followed Xiang Gong in defeating Taiyuan forces south of Si Ting and killed the enemy commander Wang Zhang in the field. He was then made chief adjutant of the right ninth army of Dragon Swift. He rose through posts to commandant of the right second army of Iron Cavalry and was given charge of He Prefecture as prefect. On Shizong's Huainan campaign he followed Liu Chongjin and Zong Wo in taking the Jinniu River fort and captured the enemy officers Yan Chengwang and Fan Heng. He again followed Li Chongjin in holding off Wu forces at Sheng Tang and killed more than two thousand of the enemy. He also followed Zhang Yongde in the attack on Ying Prefecture, captured Shucheng, and was made commander of the loose ranks.
85
太祖北征，至陳橋，為眾推戴。 彥昇以所部先入京，遇韓通于路，逐至第殺之。 初，太祖誓軍入京不得有秋毫犯，及聞通死，意甚不樂。 以建國之始，不及罪彥昇，拜恩州團練使、領鐵騎左廂都指揮使。
During Taizu's northern expedition, at Chenqiao Bridge the army acclaimed him as emperor. Yanshen led his command into the capital first. He met Han Tong on the road, chased him home, and killed him there. Taizu had sworn that the troops entering the capital would not harm so much as a blade of grass. When he learned that Tong was dead, he was deeply displeased. At the founding of the dynasty he was not punished in time. Instead he was appointed regimental commissioner of Enzhou and commander of the left wing of the Iron Cavalry.
86
後為京城巡檢，中夜詣王溥第，溥驚悸而出，既坐，乃曰：「此夕巡警甚困，聊就公一醉耳。」 彥昇意在求賄，溥佯不悟，置酒數行而罷。 翌日，溥密奏其事，乃出為唐州刺史。
Later, as metropolitan patrol inspector, he called on Wang Pu's residence in the middle of the night. Pu came out startled. Once seated, Yanshen said, "Patrol duty tonight has worn me out — I have come only to share a cup with you, sir." Yanshen was seeking a bribe. Pu pretended not to understand, poured a few rounds of wine, and sent him away. The next day Pu memorialized the matter in secret, and Yanshen was posted out as prefect of Tangzhou.
87
乾德初，遷申州團練使。 開寶二年，改防州防禦使，是冬，又移原州。 西人有犯漢法者，彥昇不加刑，召僚屬飲宴，引所犯以手捽斷其耳，大嚼，卮酒下之。 其人流血被體，股慄不敢動。 前後㗖者數百人。 西人畏之，不敢犯塞。 七年，以病代還，次乾州卒，年五十八。 太祖以其奪殺韓通，終身不授節鋮。
Early in the Qiande reign he was transferred to regimental commissioner of Shenzhou. In the second year of Kaibao he was made defense commissioner of Fangzhou. That winter he was transferred again to Yuanzhou. When westerners broke Han law, Yanshen would not apply regular punishment. He would summon his staff to feast, bring the offender forward, tear off his ear with his bare hand, chew it, and wash it down with wine. The victim would be drenched in blood, trembling and unable to stir. He did this to several hundred men in all. The westerners feared him and did not dare raid the frontier. In the seventh year he was relieved on grounds of illness and started home. He died at Qianzhou on the way, at fifty-eight. Because he had killed Han Tong, Taizu never granted him military authority for the rest of his life.
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論曰：石守信而下，皆顯德舊臣，太祖開懷信任，獲其忠力。 一日以黃袍之喻，使自解其兵柄，以保其富貴，以遺其子孫。 漢光武之于功臣，豈過是哉！ 然守信之貨殖鉅萬，懷德之馳逐敗度，豈非亦因以自晦者邪？ 至於審琦之政成下蔡，重贇之功宣廣陵，卓乎可稱。 令鐸身四十餘戰，未嘗妄殺，可謂勇者之仁矣。 彥瓌於革命之日，首挺劍以語范質，于宋則未必功在眾先，于周則其過不在人後矣。 王彥昇殺韓通，太祖雖不加罪，而終身不授節鋮，是足垂訓後人矣。 保吉、承衍咸以帝婿致位藩鎮，其被驅策、著戎功，則保吉為優，況推功李繼隆，尤為不伐而有讓，然械役名士，縱意禽荒，累德多矣。
The historians comment: From Shi Shouxin downward, these were all veterans of the Xiande reign. Taizu trusted them openly and won their loyal service. On a single occasion, with the parable of the yellow robe, he induced them to surrender military authority themselves, preserving their wealth and rank for themselves and their heirs. Even Emperor Guangwu of Han in his treatment of meritorious ministers scarcely surpassed this! Yet Shouxin's amassing of a vast fortune and Huaide's reckless hunting and racing — were these not also ways to make themselves inconspicuous? Shenqi's successful governance at Shouchun and Chongyun's achievements at Guangling stand out as truly praiseworthy. Lingduo fought in more than forty engagements and never killed recklessly — this may be called the humanity of a brave man. On the day of the revolution Yangui was the first to draw his sword and address Fan Zhi. For the Song his merit was not necessarily foremost, but for the Zhou his fault was certainly not the least. Wang Yanshen killed Han Tong. Though Taizu did not punish him, he never granted him military authority for life — enough to instruct posterity. Baoji and Chengyan both rose to military governorships as imperial sons-in-law. In active service and military achievement Baoji was the better man, and in crediting Li Jilong he showed a rare unwillingness to boast. Yet he shackled eminent scholars for labor and indulged hunting without restraint, and in these ways he forfeited much of his merit.