1
郭崇，應州金城人。 重厚寡言，有方略。 初名崇威，避周祖名，止稱崇。 父祖俱代北酋長。 崇弱冠以勇力應募為卒。 後唐清泰中。 為應州騎軍都校。
Guo Chong came from Jincheng in Ying Prefecture. Steadfast and sparing of speech, he had a gift for strategy. Originally named Chongwei, he dropped the final character to avoid the taboo on the Zhou Founder's name and was known thereafter as Chong alone. Both his father and grandfather had been chieftains among the tribes of northern Dai. At his coming of age, Chong volunteered for service as a common soldier, his courage and strength winning him a place in the ranks. In the Qingtai reign of Later Tang, He was made commander of the Ying Prefecture cavalry.
2
晉祖割雲應地入為契丹，崇恥事之，奮身南歸，曆鄆、河中、潞三鎮騎軍都校。 開運中，戍太原。 會漢祖起義，以崇為前鋒。 入汴，改護聖左第六軍都校、領郢州刺史，改領富州。
After the Jin Founder surrendered the Yun and Ying region to the Khitans and submitted to them, Chong refused to serve under foreign rule. He made his way south and, over time, held command of the mounted corps at Yan, Hezhong, and Lu. In the Kaiyun period he was posted to garrison Taiyuan. When Liu Zhiyuan raised the banner of revolt, Chong was appointed to lead the van. After the army entered Bian, he was made commander of the Left Sixth Army of the Imperial Guard, given E Prefecture to govern, and soon after reassigned to Fu Prefecture.
3
從周祖平河中，以功遷果州防禦使、領護聖右廂都指揮使。 周祖鎮鄴，以崇領行營騎軍兼天雄軍都巡檢使。
He followed the Zhou Founder in the pacification of Hezhong and, for his service, was promoted to defensive commissioner of Guo Prefecture and given command of the Imperial Guard's right wing. While the Zhou Founder held his base at Ye, Chong was placed in charge of the campaign cavalry and concurrently made inspector-general of the Tianxiong Army.
4
乾祐三年冬，崇從周祖平國難，與李筠拒慕容彥超於劉子陂，走之，以崇補侍衛馬軍都指揮使。 遣馮道等迎湘陰公贇於徐州，將立之。 會契丹南侵，周祖北征，次於澶州，為六軍推戴。 樞密使王峻在京師聞變，遣崇率七百騎東拒贇，遇於睢陽。 崇陣於牙門外，贇懼，登門樓呼崇曰：“汝等何遽至此？ ”崇曰：“澶州軍變，遣崇等來衛乘輿，非有他也。 ”贇召崇升樓，崇未敢登，即遣道下與語，崇乃登，具言軍情有屬，天命已定，贇執崇手泣，俯首久之。 俄而贇所領衛兵都校張令超以眾歸崇，贇親將賈、王等數怒目視道，將害之。 贇曰：“汝輩勿草草，此非關令公事。 ”崇即送贇就館舍。
In the winter of Qianyou 3, Chong marched with the Zhou Founder to settle the dynastic crisis. With Li Jun he met Murong Yanchao at Liuzipo, put him to flight, and was then appointed commander of the Palace Cavalry. Feng Dao and others were sent to Xuzhou to escort the Duke of Xiangyin, Yun, back to the throne. Just then the Khitans swept south. The Zhou Founder marched north, halted at Cangzhou, and was raised up by acclamation of the six armies. Wang Jun, the palace commissioner, learned of the upheaval in the capital and sent Chong east with seven hundred horsemen to block Yun. They met at Suiyang. Chong formed his ranks outside the gate. Yun, frightened, mounted the gate tower and called down to him: "Why have you come in such haste? " Chong replied, "The army at Cangzhou has mutinied. We were sent only to protect the imperial carriage—nothing more. " Yun summoned Chong to the tower, but Chong did not dare climb up. He sent Feng Dao down to speak with him first; only then did Chong ascend and explain in full that the army's loyalty was already decided and Heaven's Mandate had been settled. Yun took Chong's hand and wept, his head bowed for a long while. Before long Zhang Lingchao, commander of the guard under Yun's command, defected to Chong with his troops. Several of Yun's own officers—Jia, Wang, and others—fixed furious stares on Feng Dao, ready to kill him. Yun said, "Do not be rash. This has nothing to do with Master Feng. " Chong at once escorted Yun to his quarters.
5
廣順初，領定武軍節度，又為京城都巡檢使、修城都部署兼知步軍公事。 未幾，復升陳州為節鎮，以潁州隸焉，命崇為節度。 周祖親郊，加同平章事，出鎮澶州。 周祖不豫，促還鎮所。
At the opening of the Guangshun era he was made military governor of Dingwu, capital inspector-in-chief, director of the capital fortification effort, and overseer of foot-soldier affairs. Not long after, Chen Prefecture was raised again to a full military governorship, with Ying Prefecture placed under its jurisdiction, and Chong was appointed to command it. When the Zhou Founder performed the suburban sacrifice in person, Chong was made Tongpingzhangshi and sent out to govern Cangzhou. When the Zhou Founder fell gravely ill, Chong was urgently recalled to his command.
6
世宗立，幷人侵潞州，命崇與符彥卿出固鎮以禦之。 世宗親征，又副彥卿為行營都部署。 師還，加兼侍中。 冬，移真定尹、成德軍世度。 四年，世宗征淮南，契丹出騎萬乘餘掠邊，崇率師攻下束鹿縣，斬數百級，俘獲甚眾。 五年，天清節，崇來朝，表求致政，不允，賜襲衣、金帶、器幣、鞍勒馬，遣之。 世宗平關南，至靜安軍，崇來朝。 恭帝嗣位，加檢校太師。
After Emperor Shizong took the throne, the armies of Bingzhou invaded Luzhou. Chong and Fu Yanqing were ordered to march out from Guzhen to meet them. When Shizong led the campaign in person, Chong again served under Yanqing as deputy commander of the field headquarters. After the campaign he returned with the additional rank of Palace Counselor. That winter he was transferred to serve as governor of Zhending and military governor of Chengde. In the fourth year, while Shizong campaigned against Huainan, the Khitans sent more than ten thousand horsemen to raid the border. Chong led his forces against them, took Shulu County, and killed several hundred while capturing a great many more. In the fifth year, on the Tianqing Festival, Chong came to court and asked to retire. The request was denied, but he was lavished with court robes, a gold belt, ritual vessels, silk, and a saddled horse before being sent home. When Shizong completed the pacification of Guannan and reached Jing'an Army, Chong came to court. After the Gong Emperor succeeded to the throne, he was given the additional title of Grand Preceptor.
7
宋初，加兼中書令。 崇追感周室恩遇，時復泣下。 監軍陳思誨密奏其狀，因言：“常山近邊，崇有異心，宜謹備之。 ”太祖曰：“我素知崇篤於恩義，蓋有所激發爾。 ”遣人覘之，還言崇方對賓屬坐池潭小亭飲博，城中晏然。 太祖笑曰：“果如朕言。 ”未幾來朝。 時命李重進為平盧軍節度，重進叛，改命崇為節制。 乾德三年，卒，年五十八。 太祖聞之震悼，贈太師。
At the founding of the Song dynasty, he was given the additional title of Concurrent Director of the Secretariat. Chong, moved by remembrance of the Zhou court's kindness to him, would sometimes weep openly. The supervising commissioner Chen Sihui secretly reported what he had seen and added, "Changshan lies close to the border, and Chong may harbor disloyal intent. We should watch him carefully. " The Founding Emperor replied, "I have always known Chong to be deeply loyal. Something must have stirred these feelings. " He sent a man to observe him in secret. The spy returned and reported that Chong was at that moment drinking and gambling with his guests in a small pavilion by the pool, and the city was perfectly calm. The Founding Emperor laughed. "It is exactly as I said, " Before long Chong came to court. Li Chongjin had just been appointed military governor of Pinglu when he rebelled. Chong was then reassigned to take his place. In Qiande 3 he died at the age of fifty-eight. When the Founding Emperor heard the news, he was stricken with grief and posthumously enfeoffed Chong as Grand Preceptor.
8
子守璘至洛苑副使，妻即明德皇后之姊也。 子允恭，以父任授殿直，至崇儀副使、知常州卒。 次女為仁宗皇后。 天聖三年，詔贈崇尚書令兼中書令，守璘太尉、寧國軍節度，允恭太傅、安德軍節度。 六年，又詔追封崇英國公，加贈守璘康清軍節度兼中書令，允恭忠武軍節度兼侍中。 允恭子中庸，左侍禁、閣門祗候、副使； 中和，娶潁川郡王德彝女，為西染院副使。
His son Shoulin rose to vice-director of the Luoyuan, and his wife was the elder sister of Empress Mingde. His son Yonggong entered service through his father's privilege as a palace attendant, rose to vice-commissioner of the Imperial Ceremonial, and died while governing Chang Prefecture. A younger daughter became Empress to Emperor Renzong. In Tiansheng 3 an edict posthumously enfeoffed Chong as Director of the Department of State Affairs and Concurrent Director of the Secretariat; Shoulin as Grand Marshal and military governor of Ningguo; and Yonggong as Grand Tutor and military governor of Ande. In the sixth year another edict posthumously enfeoffed Chong as Duke of Ying, gave Shoulin the additional titles of military governor of Kangqing and Concurrent Director of the Secretariat, and made Yonggong military governor of Zhongwu and Concurrent Vice Grand Chancellor. Yonggong's son Zhongyong rose to left attendant of the guard, gate usher, and deputy commissioner; Zhonghe took as his wife the daughter of Wang Deyi, Prince of Yingchuan, and served as deputy director of the West Dyeing Bureau.
9
楊廷璋
Yang Tingzhang
10
楊廷璋，字溫玉，真定人。 家世素微賤，有姊寡居京師，周祖微時，欲聘之，姊不從，令媒氏傳言恐逼，姊以告廷璋。 廷璋往見周祖，歸謂姊曰：“此人姿貌異常，不可拒。 ”姊乃從之。
Yang Tingzhang, styled Wenyu, was a native of Zhending. His family had long been poor and low in status. He had an elder sister, widowed and living in the capital. When the Zhou Founder was still unknown, he sought to marry her. She refused, but he had the matchmaker threaten coercion, and she told Tingzhang. Tingzhang went to see the Zhou Founder for himself. When he returned he told his sister, "This man's bearing is unlike any other. You must not refuse him. " His sister then agreed.
11
周祖從漢祖鎮太原，廷璋屢省其姊，周祖愛其純謹。 姊卒，留廷璋給事左右。 及出討三叛，入平國難，廷璋數獻奇計。 即位，追冊廷璋姊為淑妃，擢廷璋為右飛龍使，廷璋固辭不拜，願推恩其父洪裕。 即令召洪裕赴闕，以老病辭，就拜金紫光祿大夫、真定少尹。 廷璋曆皇城使、昭義兵馬都監、澶州巡檢使。
When the Zhou Founder followed the Han Founder to garrison Taiyuan, Tingzhang often visited his sister. The Zhou Founder came to value his plain, careful character. After his sister died, Tingzhang was kept on to serve at the Zhou Founder's side. When the Zhou Founder marched out against the three rebellions and returned to settle the dynastic crisis, Tingzhang offered ingenious plans again and again. Upon taking the throne, the Zhou Founder posthumously enfeoffed Tingzhang's sister as Shufei and promoted Tingzhang to Right Feilong Commissioner. Tingzhang firmly declined the appointment and asked that favor be extended instead to his father Hongyu. Hongyu was summoned to court at once, but pleaded old age and illness and declined to come. He was instead invested as Grandee of Splendid Happiness with the gold belt and given the post of acting governor of Zhending. Tingzhang served in turn as imperial city commissioner, director of Bingmas for Zhaoyi, and inspector of Cang Prefecture.
12
世宗自澶淵還京，言廷璋有幹材，遷客省使。 俄為河陽巡檢、知州事。 涇帥史懿稱疾不朝，周祖命廷璋往代之。 將行，謂之曰：“懿不就命，即圖之。 ”廷璋至，屏左右，以詔書示懿，諭以禍福，懿即日載路。 俄聞周主崩，廷璋嘔血不食者數日。
When Emperor Shizong returned from Chanyuan to the capital, he praised Tingzhang's administrative ability and promoted him to guest commissioner of state. Soon after he became inspector of Heyang and acting governor. Shi Yi, military governor of Jing, feigned illness and refused to come to court. The Zhou Founder ordered Tingzhang to go and replace him. As Tingzhang was about to leave, the Founder told him, "If Yi will not obey the order, remove him. " When Tingzhang arrived, he dismissed his attendants, showed Yi the imperial edict, and explained the consequences. Yi set out that very day. Before long he heard that the Zhou emperor had died. Tingzhang vomited blood and ate nothing for days.
13
世宗立，拜左驍衛大將軍，充宣徽北院使。 征劉崇，以為建雄軍節度。 在鎮數年，頗有惠愛。 前後率兵入太原境，拔仁義、高壁等砦，獲刺史、軍校數十人，俘其民數千戶，獲兵器羊馬數萬計。 幷人棄沁州二百里，退保新城，廷璋遂置保安、興同、白壁等十餘砦。
After Shizong took the throne, he was appointed Left Xiaowei Grand General and commissioner of the North Bureau of the Palace Secretariat. During the campaign against Liu Chong he was made military governor of the Jianxiong Army. Over several years in command he showed real benevolence toward the people under his rule. Repeatedly he led troops into Taiyuan territory, took the forts at Renyi and Gaobi, captured dozens of prefectural officials and military officers, seized several thousand enemy households, and took weapons, sheep, and horses by the tens of thousands. The Bingzhou armies withdrew two hundred li from Qin Prefecture and fell back on Xincheng. Tingzhang then established more than ten fortified posts, among them Bao'an, Xingtong, and Baibi.
14
會隰州刺史孫議卒，廷璋遣監軍李謙溥領州事。 謙溥至，幷人來攻其城，議者以為宜速救之。 廷璋曰：“隰州城壁堅完，幷人奄至，未能為攻城具，當出奇以破之。 ”乃募敢死士百餘人，許以重賞，由間道遣人約謙溥為內應。 既至，即銜枚夜擊，城中鼓噪以出，幷人大潰，追北數十里，斬首千餘級，獲器甲萬計。 奏至，世宗喜曰：“吾舅真能禦寇。 ”詔褒之。
When Sun Yi, governor of Xi Prefecture, died, Tingzhang sent the supervising commissioner Li Qianbo to take charge of the prefecture. When Qianbo arrived, the Bingzhou armies came to attack the city. Many argued that a swift rescue was needed. Tingzhang said, "Xi Prefecture's walls are strong and intact. The enemy arrived suddenly and cannot yet have prepared siege engines. We should defeat them by surprise. " He then recruited more than a hundred volunteers willing to die for the cause, promised them rich rewards, and sent men by hidden paths to arrange an inside response with Qianbo. When the relief force arrived, the men marched with twigs clenched between their teeth and attacked by night. The city erupted in drums and shouts as the garrison sallied forth. The Bingzhou army broke in complete rout. Pursuing them north for dozens of li, they took more than a thousand heads and captured armor and weapons by the tens of thousands. When the report reached court, Shizong said with delight, "My uncle by marriage truly knows how to repel invaders. " An edict was issued praising him.
15
世宗自河東還，加檢校太保。 顯德六年夏，率所部入河東界，下堡砦十三，降巡檢使靳漢晁等三人。 恭帝即位，加檢校太傅。
When Shizong returned from Hedong, Tingzhang was given the additional title of Grandee of Defense. In the summer of Xiande 6 he led his command into the Hedong border, captured thirteen forts and strongpoints, and received the surrender of three men including the inspector Jin Hanchao. After the Gong Emperor succeeded, he received the additional rank of Grand Tutor.
16
宋初，加檢校太尉。 吏民詣闕，請立碑頌功德。 太祖命盧多遜撰文賜之。 李筠叛，潛遣親信使齎蠟書求援鄰境，廷璋獲之，械送京師，因上攻取之策，即下詔委以經略。 及車駕親征，詔廷璋率所部入陰地，分賊勢。 賊平，歸鎮。 是秋來朝，改鎮邠州。 乾德四年，移鄜州。 開寶二年，召為右千牛衛上將軍。 四年，卒，年六十。 賻帛二百匹。
At the founding of the Song dynasty, he was given the additional title of Grand Marshal. Local officials and commoners came to court asking that a stele be erected to praise his merit and virtue. The Founding Emperor ordered Lu Duoxun to compose the inscription and bestow it upon them. When Li Jun rebelled, he secretly sent a trusted envoy with a sealed letter seeking aid from neighboring territories. Tingzhang captured the man, sent him in chains to the capital, and submitted a plan for taking the rebel stronghold. An edict was immediately issued entrusting him with overall command of the campaign. When the emperor led the campaign in person, an edict ordered Tingzhang to lead his troops into Yindi to split the rebel force. After the rebels were suppressed, he returned to his command. In the autumn he presented himself at court and was reassigned to govern Bin Prefecture. In Qiande 4 he was transferred to Yan Prefecture. In Kaibao 2 he was recalled to serve as Right Qianniuwei Grand General. In the fourth year he died at the age of sixty. The court granted two hundred bolts of silk as funeral gifts.
17
廷璋美髯，長上短下，好修容儀，雖見小吏，未嘗懈惰。 善待士，幕府多知名人。 在晉州日，太祖命荊罕儒為鈐轄。 罕儒以廷璋周朝近親，疑有異志，每入府中，從者皆持刀劍，欲圖廷璋。 廷璋推誠待之，殊不設備，罕儒亦不敢發，終亦無患。 議者以廷璋在涇州保全史懿，陰德之報也。
Tingzhang wore a handsome beard, long above and short below, and took care with his appearance. Even when receiving the lowliest clerk he never slackened his bearing. He treated scholars generously, and many well-known men served in his staff. While he governed Jin Prefecture, the Founding Emperor appointed Jing Hanru as his controller. Because Tingzhang was a close kinsman of the former Zhou house, Hanru suspected treacherous intent. Each time he entered the headquarters his attendants carried swords, ready to kill Tingzhang. Tingzhang treated him with complete sincerity and took no special precautions. Hanru in turn did not dare act, and in the end no harm came of it. Many held that Tingzhang's sparing of Shi Yi at Jing Prefecture was the reward of hidden virtue.
18
洪裕少時，嘗漁於境貂裘陂，忽有馳騎至者，以二石雁授洪裕，一翼掩左，一翼掩右，曰：“吾北嶽使者也。 ”言訖，忽不見。 是年生淑妃，明年生廷璋，家遂昌盛。
When Hongyu was young he once fished at the Jing Diaoqiu Lake. Suddenly a mounted man came at speed and gave him two stone geese, one wing covering the left and one the right, saying, "I am an envoy of the Northern Peak. " With those words he vanished. That year the future Shufei was born; the next year Tingzhang was born, and the family thereafter rose to greatness.
19
廷璋子七人，皆不為求官，惟表其孤甥安崇勳得西頭供奉官。 崇勳，後唐樞密使重誨子也。 廷璋子坦、塤皆進士及弟。 坦至屯田員外郎，鹽鐵副使、判官，塤為都官郎中。
Tingzhang had seven sons, yet sought office for none of them. He memorialized only for his orphaned nephew An Chongxun, who was given the post of western head palace attendant. Chongxun was the son of the Later Tang palace commissioner An Chonghui. Both of Tingzhang's sons, Tan and Xun, attained jinshi rank. Tan rose to vice director of the field office in the Ministry of Revenue and served as vice commissioner of salt and iron and case officer; Xun became director of the Ministry of Justice office.
20
宋偓，河南洛陽人。 謙恭下士。 祖瑤，唐天德軍節度兼中書令。 父廷浩，尚後唐莊宗女義寧公主，生偓。 廷浩曆石、原、房三州刺史； 晉初，為汜水關使，張從賓之叛，力戰死之。 偓年十一，以父死事補殿直，遷供奉官。
Song Wo was a native of Luoyang in Henan. He was humble and respectful toward men of learning. His grandfather Yao had been military governor of the Tang Tiande Army and Concurrent Director of the Secretariat. His father Tinghao married Princess Yining of Later Tang, a daughter of Emperor Zhuangzong, and from that union Wo was born. Tinghao had governed in turn the prefectures of Shi, Yuan, and Fang; at the opening of the Jin dynasty he was made envoy of the Sishui Pass. When Zhang Congbin rebelled, he fought fiercely and was killed. Wo was eleven when, because of his father's death in service, he was given the post of palace attendant and later promoted to palace officer.
21
晉祖嘗事莊宗，每偓母入見，詔令勿拜，因從容謂之曰：“朕於主家誠無所靳，但朝廷多事，府庫空竭，主所知也。 今主居輦下，薪米為憂，當奉主居西洛以就豐泰。 ”命偓分司就養，敕有司供給，至於醯醢，率有加等。
The Jin Founder had once served under Zhuangzong. Whenever Wo's mother came to audience he ordered that she need not bow, and spoke to her gently: "Toward my lord's household I truly withhold nothing, but the court is beset with affairs and the treasury stands empty—as my lord well knows. My lord now lives beneath the imperial capital where even firewood and grain are a worry. Let my lord move to western Luoyang, where life is plentiful and secure. " He ordered Wo to take a separate post and support his mother there, instructing the relevant offices to provide for them— even vinegar and salted meat were supplied above the usual grade.
22
周祖舉兵向闕，時偓在鎮，開門迎謁，周祖深德之。 偓率所部兵從周祖，至劉子陂，隱帝衛兵悉走投周祖。 周祖謂偓曰：“至尊危矣，公近親，可亟去擁衛，無令驚動。 ”偓策馬及御營，軍已亂矣。 廣順初，丁內艱，服除，授左監門衛上將軍。
When the Zhou Founder marched on the capital, Wo was then in his command. He opened the gates to welcome him and pay his respects, and the Zhou Founder was deeply grateful. Wo led his troops after the Zhou Founder. At Liuzipo the Hidden Emperor's guard soldiers all deserted and threw themselves on the Zhou Founder's side. The Zhou Founder said to Wo, "The emperor is in danger. You are a close kinsman—ride at once to protect him and keep the camp from panic. " Wo spurred his horse to the imperial camp, but the army was already in chaos. At the opening of Guangshun he mourned his mother. When the mourning period ended he was appointed Left Jianmenwei Grand General.
23
世宗征淮南，令偓與左龍武統軍趙讚、右神武統軍張彥超、前景州刺史劉建於壽州四面巡檢。 師還，以偓為右神武統軍，充行營右廂都排陣使，又為廬州城下副部署。 吳人大發舟師。 次東氵布洲，斷蘇、杭之路。 世宗遣偓領戰艦數百艘襲之，又遣大將慕容延釗率步騎而進，水陸合勢大破之。
When Shizong campaigned against Huainan, Wo was ordered, together with Zhao Zan, commander of the Left Dragon Martial Army, Zhang Yanchao, commander of the Right Divine Martial Army, and the former prefect of Jing, Liu Jian, to conduct inspections on all four sides of Shou Prefecture. When the army returned, Wo was made commander of the Right Divine Martial Army, appointed right-wing campaign array commander, and also made deputy commander at the siege of Luz Prefecture. The Wu armies dispatched a great fleet. They anchored at Dongbuzhou, severing the routes to Suzhou and Hangzhou. Shizong sent Wo with several hundred warships to strike them and dispatched the great general Murong Yanzhao with infantry and cavalry overland. The combined land-and-water force broke them completely.
24
世宗嘗次於野，有虎逼乘輿，偓引弓射之，一發而斃。 及江北諸州悉平，畫江為界。 世宗駐迎鑾，命偓率舟師三千溯江而上，巡警諸郡。 師還，復授滑州節制，又移鎮鄧州。 恭帝即位，加開府儀同三司。
Once, when Shizong halted in open country, a tiger pressed close to the imperial carriage. Wo drew his bow and shot it dead with a single arrow. When every prefecture north of the Yangzi had been pacified, the river was fixed as the boundary. Shizong encamped at Yingluan and ordered Wo to lead three thousand ships upriver to patrol the prefectures along the route. When the army returned he was again given command of Hua Prefecture and was transferred to govern Deng Prefecture. After the Gong Emperor succeeded, he was honored with the rank of Kaifu Yitong San Si.
25
宋初，加檢校太師，遣領舟師巡撫江徼，舒州團練使司超副之。 李重進謀以揚州叛，偓察其狀，飛章以聞。 太祖令偓屯海陵，以觀重進去就。 遂從征揚州，為行營排陣使。 及平，以功改保信軍節度。 來朝，徙鎮華州。 會鑿池都城南，命偓率舟師數千以習水戰，東駕數臨觀焉。 五年，改忠武軍節度。
At the founding of the Song dynasty he was given the additional title of Grand Preceptor and sent to lead a naval force patrolling the river frontier, with Si Chao, regiment trainer of Shu Prefecture, as his deputy. Li Chongjin plotted to rebel from Yang Prefecture. Wo detected the signs and sent an urgent memorial reporting it. The Founding Emperor ordered Wo to encamp at Hailing and watch Chongjin's next move. He then joined the campaign against Yang Prefecture as campaign array commander. After the rebellion was suppressed he was made military governor of Baoxin for his service. He came to court and was transferred to govern Hua Prefecture. When an artificial lake was dug south of the capital, Wo was ordered to lead several thousand ships in water-combat drills, and the emperor came repeatedly to watch. In the fifth year he was transferred to the Zhongwu military governorship.
26
開寶初，太祖納偓長女為后。 偓本名延渥，以父名下字從“水”，開寶初，上言改為偓。 三年，徙邠州。 太平興國初，加同平章事。 二年，移定國軍節度。 四年，從平太原，又從征幽州。 詔偓與尚食使侯昭願領兵萬餘，攻城南面。 師還歸鎮。
At the opening of Kaibao the Founding Emperor took Wo's eldest daughter as empress. Wo's original name was Yanwo. Taking the lower character of his father's name and following the water radical, at the opening of Kaibao he memorialized to change it to Wo. In the third year he was transferred to Bin Prefecture. At the opening of Taiping Xingguo he was given the additional title of Tongpingzhangshi. In the second year he was transferred to the Dingguo military governorship. In the fourth year he took part in the pacification of Taiyuan and again joined the campaign against You Prefecture. An edict ordered Wo and the food commissioner Hou Zhaoyuan to lead more than ten thousand troops in the assault on the city's southern face. When the army returned he went back to his command.
27
五年冬，車駕幸大名，召偓詣行在，詔知滄州。 六年，封邢國公。 俄遷同州。 九年，又為右衛上將軍。 雍熙中，曹彬等北伐，班師，命偓知霸州，歸闕。 端拱二年，卒，年六十四。 廢朝，贈侍中，諡莊惠，中使護葬。
In the winter of the fifth year the emperor visited Daming. Wo was summoned to the temporary palace and ordered to govern Cang Prefecture. In the sixth year he was enfeoffed as Duke of Xing. Soon after he was transferred to Tong Prefecture. In the ninth year he again served as Right Guard Grand General. During the Yongxi era, after Cao Bin and the others marched north and withdrew, Wo was ordered to govern Ba Prefecture and then return to court. In Duan Gong 2 he died at the age of sixty-four. Court mourning was observed. He was posthumously enfeoffed as Vice Grand Chancellor, given the posthumous name Zhuanghui, and a palace envoy was sent to oversee the burial.
28
偓，莊宗之外孫，漢祖之婿，女即孝章皇后，近代貴盛，鮮有其比。 子元靖至供備庫使，元度至供備庫副使，元載、元亨並至左侍禁、閣門祗候。 初，孝章寢疾，語晉國長公主曰：“我瞑目無他憂，惟慮族屬不敦睦，貽笑於人。 ”景德中，偓幼子元翰果詣京府，求析家財。
Wo was a grandson of Zhuangzong on his mother's side and a son-in-law of the Han Founder; his daughter became Empress Xiaozhang. In recent memory few families had risen to such eminence. His son Yuanjing rose to commissioner of the supply bureau; Yuan Du to vice commissioner; Yuan Zai and Yuan Heng both became left attendants of the guard and gate ushers. Long before, as Empress Xiaozhang lay ill, she told the Princess of Jin, "When I close my eyes I shall have no other worry except this: that our clansmen may fail to live in harmony and become a laughingstock to others. " In the Jingde era Wo's youngest son Yuan Han did indeed go to the capital prefectural office to demand a division of the family estate.
29
真宗聞之，詔釋勿問，仍諭其族屬務遵先後遺戒焉。 元度子惟簡，為殿直，惟易為奉職。
When Emperor Zhenzong heard of it, he ordered that Yuan Han be released without punishment and instructed the clan to honor the empress's dying injunction. Yuan Du's sons Wei Jian and Wei Yi served as palace attendant and servitor respectively.
30
向拱，字星民，懷州河內人。 始名訓，避周恭帝諱改焉。 少倜儻負氣。 弱冠，聞漢祖在晉陽招致天下士，將往依之。 中途遇盜，見拱狀貌雄偉，意為富家子，隨之，將劫其財。 拱覺，行至石會關，殺所乘驢，市酒會里中豪傑，告其故，咸出丁壯護拱至太原。 以策干漢祖，漢祖不納，客於周祖門下。 及周祖領節鎮，署拱知客押牙。
Xiang Gong, styled Xingmin, was a native of Heyang in Huai Prefecture. His original name was Xun; he changed it to avoid the taboo on the Gong Emperor's name. In youth he was bold, unconventional, and proud of spirit. At his coming of age he heard that the Han Founder at Jinyang was gathering men of talent from across the realm, and he set out to join him. On the road he met bandits. Seeing Gong's imposing build, they took him for a rich man's son, followed him, and planned to rob him. Gong realized what they intended. At Shihui Pass he slaughtered the donkey he rode, bought wine, and gathered the local bold fellows. When he told them what had happened, they all sent strong young men to escort him safely to Taiyuan. He offered his plans to the Han Founder, but the Han Founder would not take him on. He then became a client at the Zhou Founder's door. When the Zhou Founder received a circuit command, he appointed Gong chief guest sergeant.
31
會延州高允權卒，其寺紹基欲求繼襲，即自領使務。 朝廷益禁兵戍守，命拱權知州事，俄遷內客省使。 嘗請禁州民賣軍裝兵器於西人，從之。 所屬部落有侵盜漢戶者，拱招其酋帥犒之，令誓不敢侵犯。 召拜左神武大將軍、宣徽南院使。
When Gao Yunquan, commissioner of Yanzhou, died, his nephew Shaoji sought to succeed him and at once took command of the commissioner's affairs himself. The court increased the garrison of forbidden troops and ordered Gong to serve as acting governor. Soon after he was promoted to inner guest commissioner. He once petitioned to forbid the people of the prefecture from selling military gear and weapons to the western tribes, and the request was granted. When tribes under his jurisdiction robbed Han households, Gong summoned their chieftains, feasted them, and made them swear never to raid again. He was recalled and appointed Left Shenwu Grand General and commissioner of the South Bureau of the Palace Secretariat.
32
劉崇入寇，遣馬軍樊愛能、步軍何徽赴澤州，令拱監護之。 世宗親征，拱以精騎居陣中。 高平之捷，以功兼義成軍節度、河東行營前軍都監。 師還，出鎮陳州。
When Liu Chong invaded, Fan Aineng's cavalry and He Hui's infantry were sent to Ze Prefecture, and Gong was ordered to supervise them. When Shizong led the campaign in person, Gong placed his picked cavalry at the center of the battle line. After the victory at Gaoping he was given the Yicheng military governorship for his service and made front-army commander of the Hedong campaign headquarters. When the army returned he was sent out to govern Chen Prefecture.
33
先是，晉末，秦州節度何建以秦、成、階三州入蜀，蜀人又取鳳州。 至是，宰相王溥薦拱討之，乃召拱與鳳翔王景並率兵出大散關，連下城砦。 復命拱為西南面行營都監。 蜀人聞鳳州急，發卒五千餘出鳳州北堂倉鎮路，行至黃花谷，將絕周師糧道。 拱與王景偵知之，命排陣使張建雄領兵二千直抵黃花谷，又遣別將領勁卒千人出敵後，截其歸路。 敵果為建雄所敗，奔堂倉，又為勁卒所逼，合勢掩擊，擒其監軍王巒、孫韜等千五百餘。 由是劍門之下，州邑營砦，望風宵遁，秦、鳳、階、成平。 召歸，宴於金祥殿。 賜襲衣、金帶、銀器、繒帛、鞍勒馬。
Earlier, at the end of the Jin dynasty, He Jian, military governor of Qin Prefecture, had surrendered Qin, Cheng, and Jie to Shu, and the Shu armies had also taken Feng Prefecture. At this time the grand chancellor Wang Pu recommended Gong for the campaign. Gong was summoned together with Wang Jing of Fengxiang, and their armies marched out through Dasan Pass, taking cities and forts in succession. Gong was once more made commander of the southwestern campaign headquarters. When the Shu armies heard that Feng Prefecture was hard pressed, they sent more than five thousand men along the road from Beitangcang in Feng Prefecture. Reaching Huanghuagu, they prepared to cut the Zhou army's supply line. Gong and Wang Jing learned of the move through reconnaissance. They ordered the array commander Zhang Jianxiong to lead two thousand men straight to Huanghuagu and sent another commander with a thousand crack troops to get behind the enemy and cut off their retreat. The enemy was indeed defeated by Jianxiong and fled toward Tangcang, where the crack troops pressed them from behind. The combined force fell on them and captured more than fifteen hundred men, including the supervisors Wang Luan and Sun Tao. Thereafter every prefecture, city, camp, and fort below Jianmen fled at the first rumor of the Zhou advance. Qin, Feng, Jie, and Cheng were all pacified. When he was recalled, he was feasted in the Jinxian Hall. He was granted court robes, a gold belt, silver vessels, silk, and a saddled horse.
34
顯德二年，世宗親征淮南，以拱權東京留守兼判開封府事。 時揚州初平，南唐令境上出師，謀收復。 韓令坤有棄城之意，即驛召拱赴行在，拜淮南節度，依前宣徽使兼緣江招討使，以令坤為副。 時周師久駐淮陽，都將趙晁、白廷遇等驕恣橫暴，不相稟從，惟務貪濫，至有劫人妻女者。 及拱至，戮其不奉法者數輩，軍中肅然。 六月，追敘秦、鳳功，加檢校太尉。
In Xiande 2 Shizong personally campaigned against Huainan. Gong was appointed acting regent of the eastern capital and concurrently judge of Kaifeng prefectural affairs. Yang Prefecture had just been pacified, and Southern Tang ordered troops on its border, planning to recover the city. Han Lingkun was ready to abandon the city. Gong was summoned by urgent post to the temporary palace, made military governor of Huainan, continued as palace commissioner and concurrently river pacification commissioner, with Lingkun as his deputy. The Zhou army had long been encamped at Huaiyang, and commanders such as Zhao Chao and Bai Tingyu had grown arrogant, violent, and insubordinate, caring only for plunder—even seizing men's wives and daughters. When Gong arrived he executed several of the worst offenders, and the army at once became stern and disciplined. In the sixth month, in recognition of his Qin and Feng campaign, he was given the additional title of Grand Marshal.
35
時周師圍壽春經年未下，江、淮草寇充斥，吳援兵柵於紫金山，與城中烽火相應。 而舒、蘄、和、泰復為吳人所據。 拱上言欲且徙揚州之師並力攻壽春，俟其城下，然後改圖進取。 世宗從之。 拱乃封庫，付揚州主者； 復遣本府牙將分部按巡城中。 秋毫不犯，軍民感悅。 及師行，吳人有負糗糧以送者。 至壽春，與李重進合勢以攻其城，改淮南道招討都監，敗淮南軍二千於黃蓍砦。
The Zhou army had besieged Shouchun for a year without taking it. Bandits filled the lands along the Yangzi and Huai, Wu relief troops fortified on Zijin Mountain, and beacon fires linked them to the city. Su, Qi, He, and Tai had again fallen into Wu hands. Gong memorialized that the army at Yang Prefecture should be shifted for the moment to concentrate on Shouchun, and that once the city fell they could turn to further advances. Shizong agreed. Gong sealed the treasury and handed it over to the chief officer at Yang Prefecture; and sent his headquarters officers in divisions to patrol the city. His troops harmed not so much as a hair, and soldiers and civilians alike were deeply grateful. When the army departed, Wu locals even came bearing dried rations on their backs to see them off. At Shouchun he joined Li Chongjin in attacking the city, was made inspector-general of the Huainan pacification campaign, and routed two thousand Huainan troops at Huangqi Fort.
36
世宗再幸壽州，召拱宴賜甚厚，以為武寧軍節度，命領其屬駐鎮淮軍。 及克壽州，以功加同平章事、領武寧軍節度。 四年，徙歸德軍節度。 淮南平，改山南東道節度，俄充西南面水陸發運招討使。 恭帝即位。 加檢校太師、河南尹、西京留守。
When Emperor Shizong visited Shouchun again, he summoned Gong to a lavish banquet, made him military governor of Wuning, and ordered his forces to garrison the Huai front. After Shouchun fell, he was made Tongpingzhangshi for his service while retaining the Wuning governorship. In the fourth year he was transferred to the Guide military governorship. After Huainan was pacified, he was made governor of Shannan East and soon after appointed commissioner for southwestern land-and-water transport and pacification. When Emperor Gong took the throne. He was made honorary Grand Preceptor, Intendant of Henan, and regent of the western capital.
37
宋初，加兼侍中。 太祖征李筠，拱迎謁至汜水，言於上曰：“筠逆節久著，兵力日盛，陛下宜急濟大河，逾太行，乘其未集而誅之，緩則勢張，難為力矣。 ”帝從其言，卷甲倍道趨之。 筠果率兵南向，聞車駕至，惶駭走澤州城守，遂見擒。 乾德初，從郊祀畢，封譙國公。
At the founding of the Song he was also made Palace Attendant. When Taizu marched against Li Jun, Gong met him at Sishui and said, "Jun's rebellion has long been notorious, and his forces grow stronger by the day. Your Majesty should cross the Yellow River at once and pass the Taihang, striking before he can gather his strength. Wait, and he will become too powerful to handle." The emperor took his advice, stowed armor, and marched at double speed. Jun did march south, but on learning the emperor was approaching he panicked, fled into Ze Prefecture to hold the city, and was soon captured. Early in Qiande, after the suburban rites, he was enfeoffed as Duke of Qiao.
38
拱尹河南十餘年，專治園林第舍，好聲妓，縱酒為樂，府政廢弛，群盜晝劫。 太祖聞之怒，移鎮安州，命左武衛上將軍焦繼勳代之，謂繼勳曰：“洛久不治，選卿代之，無復效拱為也。”
As Intendant of Henan for more than ten years, Gong devoted himself to gardens and mansions, kept courtesans, drank for pleasure, neglected the prefecture until governance collapsed, and bandits robbed in broad daylight. Taizu was furious when he heard. He transferred Gong to Anzhou and sent Left Military Guard General Jiao Jixun to replace him, saying, "Luoyang has been neglected for too long. I chose you to take over—do not repeat Gong's example."
39
太平興國初，進封秦國公，來朝，授左衛上將軍。 八年，代王彥超判左金吾街仗事。 表獻西京長夏門北園，詔以銀五千兩償之。 雍熙三年，卒，年七十五。 贈中書令。
Early in Taiping Xingguo he was promoted to Duke of Qin, came to court, and was appointed Left Guard General. In the eighth year he replaced Wang Yanchao as overseer of Left Golden Guard street ceremonial duties. He offered the garden north of Changxia Gate in the western capital by memorial; the court compensated him with five thousand taels of silver. In the third year of Yongxi he died at seventy-five. He was posthumously granted the title of Director of the Chancellery.
40
咸平初，真宗聞拱之後有寒餒流離者，錄其孫懌為國子助教。 拱子德明，至洛苑使； 昱，大中祥符八年進士出身。 德明子悅，為虞部郎中。
Early in Xianping, Zhenzong learned that some of Gong's descendants were cold, hungry, and displaced, and enrolled his grandson Yi as adjunct tutor at the Imperial Academy. Gong's son Deming rose to Luoyuan Commissioner; Yu received his jinshi degree in the eighth year of Dazhong Xiangfu. Deming's son Yue served as a department director in the Bureau of Works.
41
王彥超
Wang Yanchao
42
王彥超，大名臨清人。 性溫和恭謹，能禮下土。 少事後唐魏王繼岌，從繼岌討蜀，還至渭南。 會明宗即位，繼岌遇害，左右遁去，彥超乃依鳳翔重雲山僧舍暉道人為徒。 暉善觀人，謂彥超曰：“子，富貴人也，安能久居此？ ”給資帛遣之。
Wang Yanchao was from Linqing in Daming. He was gentle, respectful, and careful by nature, and knew how to treat men of lower rank with courtesy. As a young man he served Later Tang's Prince of Wei, Ji Gu, followed him against Shu, and returned as far as Weinan. When Mingzong took the throne, Ji Gu was killed; his attendants scattered, and Yanchao took refuge with the monk Hui at the Chongyun Mountain temple in Fengxiang. Hui was a keen judge of character and told Yanchao, "You are a man destined for wealth and honor. How can you stay here long?" He gave him money and cloth and sent him on his way.
43
時晉祖帥陝，乃召至帳下，委以心腹。 及移鎮太原，將引兵南下，遣從事桑維翰求援契丹，以彥超從行。 天福初，累遷奉德軍校，再轉殿前散指揮都虞候、領蒙州刺史。 漢初，領岳州防禦使兼護聖左廂都校，出為復州防禦使。
When the Jin founder commanded Shaanxi, he summoned Yanchao to his headquarters and treated him as a trusted confidant. When he moved his garrison to Taiyuan and prepared to march south, he sent his aide Sang Weihan to seek Khitan aid, with Yanchao in attendance. Early in Tianfu he rose through the Fengde Army, then became deputy commander of the Palace Front scattered command while also serving as prefect of Meng. At the founding of Han he was defense commissioner of Yue while also commanding the Left Wing of the Guard Sacred Army, then was posted as defense commissioner of Fu.
44
周祖平內難後，北征契丹，以彥超為行營馬步左廂都排陣使，從周祖入汴。 時自彭門迎湘陰公入纘位，會軍變，周祖革命，即命彥超權知徐州節度。 未行，湘陰公舊校鞏廷美據州叛，真拜彥超武寧軍節度，命討之。 彥超督戰艦破其水砦，乘勝拔之。
After the Zhou founder settled the internal crisis, he marched north against the Khitan; Yanchao was made left-wing horse-and-foot array deployment commander and followed the Zhou founder into Bian. At the time they were bringing the Duke of Xiangyin from Peng Gate to succeed to the throne; when the army mutinied and the Zhou founder seized power, Yanchao was immediately made acting military governor of Xuzhou. Before he could depart, Gong Tingmei, a former officer of the Duke of Xiangyin, seized the prefecture and rebelled; Yanchao was formally appointed Wuning military governor and ordered to suppress him. Yanchao directed the war vessels, broke their river fort, and took it in the rout.
45
又與樞密使王峻拒劉崇於晉州，彥超以騎兵進，崇遁去，授建雄軍節度。 復以所部追賊至霍邑，賊步騎墮崖谷，死者甚眾。 彥超歸鎮所，俄改河陽三城節度，移鎮河中。
He also joined Grand Councilor Wang Jun in holding Liu Chong at Jin; Yanchao advanced with cavalry, Chong fled, and Yanchao was made military governor of Jianxiong. He pursued the enemy with his own troops as far as Huoyi; foot soldiers and cavalry tumbled into ravines, and casualties were heavy. Yanchao returned to his post, was soon made governor of the Heyang Three Cities, and then transferred to Hezhong.
46
顯德初，加同平章事。 劉崇南寇，命彥超領兵取晉州路東向邀擊，從戰高平。 彥超自陰地關與符彥卿會兵圍汾州，諸將請急攻，彥超曰：“城已危矣，旦暮將降，我士卒精銳，儻驅以先登，必死傷者眾，少待之。 ”翌日，州將董希顏果降。 遂引兵趣石州，彥超親鼓士乘城，躬冒矢石，數日下之，擒其守將安彥進，獻行在。 師還，改忠武軍節度，加兼侍中。 詔率所部浚胡蘆河，城李晏口。 工未畢，遼人萬餘騎來侵，彥超擊敗之，殺傷甚眾。
Early in Xiande he was made Tongpingzhangshi. When Liu Chong raided southward, Yanchao was ordered to take the Jin route and intercept from the east, and fought at Gaoping. Yanchao came through Yindi Pass and joined Fu Yanqing in besieging Fen; when the generals urged an immediate assault, Yanchao said, "The city is already doomed and will surrender soon. Our men are crack troops—if we drive them to scale the walls first, many will die. Wait a little." The next day the prefecture commander Dong Xiyan did surrender. He then marched on Shi; Yanchao beat the drums himself to urge the assault, exposing himself to arrows and stones; within days the city fell, its defender An Yanjin was captured, and he was presented at the emperor's camp. After the army returned he was made Zhongwu military governor and also Palace Attendant. He was ordered to dredge the Hulus River and fortify Li Yankou with his troops. Before the work was finished, more than ten thousand Liao horsemen attacked; Yanchao defeated them with heavy casualties on their side.
47
宰相李穀征淮南，以彥超為前軍行營副部署，敗淮南軍二千於壽州城下。 吳兵水陸來援，穀退保正陽，吳人躡其後。 會李重進兵至，合勢急擊，大敗吳人三萬餘眾，追北二十餘里。 還，改京兆尹、永興軍節度。 六年夏，移鎮鳳翔。 恭帝嗣位，加檢校太師、西面緣邊副都部署。
When Chancellor Li Gu campaigned against Huainan, Yanchao served as deputy commander of the vanguard and routed two thousand Huainan troops beneath the walls of Shouchun. Wu troops came to relieve the city by land and water; Gu fell back to Zhengyang with the Wu forces close on his heels. When Li Chongjin arrived, their combined forces struck hard, crushing more than thirty thousand Wu troops and pursuing them north for over twenty li. On his return he was made Intendant of Jingzhao and Yongxing military governor. In the summer of the sixth year he was transferred to Fengxiang. When Emperor Gong succeeded to the throne, Yanchao was made honorary Grand Preceptor and deputy overall deployment commander of the western frontier.
48
宋初，加兼中書令，代還。 太祖與彥超有舊，因幸作坊，召從臣宴射，酒酣，謂彥超曰：“卿昔在復州，朕往依卿，何不納我？ ”彥超降階頓首曰：“勺水豈能止神龍耶！ 當日陛下不留滯於小郡者，蓋天使然爾。 ”帝大笑。 彥超翌日奉表待罪，帝遣中使慰諭，令赴朝謁。
At the founding of the Song he was also made Director of the Chancellery and recalled to court. Taizu and Yanchao went back a long way. During a visit to the workshops he summoned his ministers to a banquet with archery, and when the wine was flowing freely he said to Yanchao, "When you were at Fu, I once came to you for shelter. Why didn't you take me in?" Yanchao stepped down, kowtowed, and said, "Can a spoonful of water stop a divine dragon!" That Your Majesty did not remain in some small prefecture was surely Heaven's doing. The emperor laughed heartily. The next day Yanchao submitted a memorial accepting blame; the emperor sent a palace envoy to reassure him and ordered him to attend court.
49
未幾，復以為永興軍節度。 又以其父光祿卿致仕重霸為太子少傅致仕。 乾德二年，復鎮鳳翔。 三年，丁外艱，起復。 開寶二年，為右金吾衛上將軍判街仗事。
Before long he was again made Yongxing military governor. His father Chongba, a retired Guanglu Qing, was also granted retirement as Crown Prince Junior Tutor. In the second year of Qiande he returned to Fengxiang. In the third year he entered mourning for his father but was recalled to duty before the period ended. In the second year of Kaibao he served as Right Golden Guard General overseeing street ceremonial duties.
50
太平興國六年，封邠國公。 七年，彥超語人曰：“人臣七十致仕，古之制也。 我年六十九，當自知止。 ”明年，表求致仕，加太子太師，給金吾上將軍祿。 彥超既得請，盡斥去僕妾之冗食者，居處服用，咸遵儉約。 雍熙三年，卒，年七十三。 贈尚書令。
In the sixth year of Taiping Xingguo he was enfeoffed as Duke of Bin. In the seventh year Yanchao told others, "A minister who reaches seventy should retire—that is the ancient rule." I am sixty-nine; I ought to know when to stop. The next year he requested retirement by memorial; he was made Crown Prince Grand Tutor and granted a Golden Guard General's salary. Once his retirement was granted, Yanchao dismissed every superfluous servant and concubine and lived in plain frugality in dwelling, dress, and daily use. In the third year of Yongxi he died at seventy-three. He was posthumously granted the title of Director of the Secretariat.
51
開寶初，彥超自鳳翔來朝，與武行德、郭從義、白重讚、楊廷璋俱侍曲宴。 太祖從容謂曰：“卿等皆國家舊臣，久臨劇鎮，王事鞅掌，非朕所以優賢之意。 ”彥超知旨，即前奏曰：“臣無勳勞，久冒榮寵，今已衰朽，願乞骸骨歸丘園，臣之願也。 ”行德等竟自陳夙昔戰功及履歷艱苦，帝曰：“此異代事，何足論？ ”翌日，皆罷行德等節鎮。 時議以此許彥超。
Early in Kaibao, Yanchao came from Fengxiang to court and, with Wu Xingde, Guo Congyi, Bai Chongzan, and Yang Tingzhang, attended an informal banquet. Taizu said easily, "You are all veteran ministers who have long governed difficult posts, overwhelmed by state business—this is not how I mean to honor worthy men." Yanchao understood the hint and stepped forward: "I have no merit to speak of and have long enjoyed honors I did not earn. I am old and worn now, and wish only to retire to my garden and hills—that is my wish." Xingde and the others, by contrast, recounted their old battle honors and the hardships of their careers. The emperor said, "Those are matters of another age—what is there to discuss?" The next day Xingde and the others were all removed from their military governorships. Public opinion at the time praised Yanchao for this.
52
張永德
Zhang Yongde
53
張永德，字抱一，并州陽曲人。 家世饒財。 曾祖丕，尚氣節。 後唐武皇鎮太原，急於用度，多嚴選富家子掌帑庫。 或調度不給，即坐誅，沒入貲寧。 丕為之潢滿歲，府財有餘。 宗人政當次補其任，率族屬泣拜，請丕濟其急，丕又為代掌一年，鄉里服其義。 父穎事晉至安州防禦使。
Zhang Yongde, styled Baoyi, was from Yangqu in Bing Prefecture. His family had been wealthy for generations. His great-grandfather Pi was a man of integrity and spirit. When the Martial Emperor of Later Tang held Taiyuan and was hard pressed for funds, he strictly selected sons of wealthy families to manage the treasury. If supplies ran short, the manager was executed on the spot and his assets confiscated to make up the deficit. Pi managed the accounts for a full year and left the prefectural treasury with a surplus. When a clansman named Zheng was next in line for the post, the whole clan came weeping and kowtowing, begging Pi to save them; Pi served another year in Zheng's place, and neighbors admired his righteousness. His father Ying served the Jin and rose to defense commissioner of An.
54
永德生四歲，母馬氏被出，育於祖母，事繼母劉以孝聞。 周祖初為侍衛吏，與穎善，乃以女妻永德。 永德迎其母妻詣宋州。 時寇賊充斥，乃易弊衣，毀容儀，居委巷中。 有賊過，即邀乞焉，紿曰：“此悲田院耳。 ”賊即舍去，繇是免禍。 周祖為樞密使。 表永德授供奉官押班。
When Yongde was four his mother, Lady Ma, was cast out; he was raised by his grandmother and became known for filial devotion to his stepmother, Lady Liu. When the Zhou founder was still a palace guard officer and friendly with Ying, he gave his daughter to Yongde in marriage. Yongde went to fetch his mother and wife and proceeded to Song Prefecture. Bandits filled the region, so he put on ragged clothes, disfigured his appearance, and hid in a back alley. When bandits passed he would beg from them, claiming, "This is a Compassion Field hospice." The bandits passed on, and so he escaped harm. The Zhou founder became Grand Councilor of Military Affairs. He recommended Yongde for appointment as Attendant Official leading the squad.
55
乾祐中，命賜潞帥常遇生辰禮幣。 遇，周祖之外兄弟也。 時周祖鎮鄴，被讒，族其家。 永德，在潞州，聞有密詔授遇，永德探知其意，謂遇曰：“得非泣殺永德耶？ 永德即死無怨，恐累君侯家耳。 ”遇愕然曰：“何謂也？ ”永德曰：“奸邪蠹政，郭公誓清君側，願且以永德屬吏，事成足以為德，不成死未晚。 ”遇以為然，止令壯士嚴衛，然所以饋之甚厚。 親問之曰：“君視丈人事得成否？ ”永德曰：“殆必成。 ”未幾，周祖使至，遇賀且謝曰：“老夫幾誤大事。”
During Qianyou he was ordered to deliver birthday ceremonial gifts to Chang Yu, military governor of Lu. Yu was a cousin of the Zhou founder. At that time the Zhou founder held Ye but had been slandered, and his whole clan was wiped out. Yongde was at Lu when he learned that a secret edict had been issued to Yu. Guessing its intent, he said to Yu, "Are you going to have me killed?" If I must die, I bear no grudge—but I fear bringing ruin upon your house. Yu was startled. "What do you mean?" Yongde said, "Evil men are corrupting the government, and Lord Guo has sworn to purge the court. Hand me over to the officials for now—if he succeeds, you will have earned his gratitude; if he fails, my death will not come too late." Yu agreed, posting stalwart guards but sending Yongde lavish provisions. Yu asked him in private, "Do you think my brother-in-law's plan will succeed?" Yongde said, "It will almost certainly succeed." Before long an envoy from the Zhou founder arrived. Yu congratulated him and said, "This old man nearly ruined everything."
56
初，魏人柴翁以經義教里中，有女，後唐莊宗時備掖庭，明宗入洛，遣出宮。 柴翁夫妻往迎之，至鴻溝，遇雨甚，逾旬不能前。 女悉取裝具，計直千萬，分其半以與父母，令歸魏，曰：“兒見溝旁郵舍隊長，項黵黑為雀形者，極貴人也，願事之。 ”問之，乃周祖也。 父母大愧，然終不能奪。 他日，語周祖曰：“君貴不可言，妾有緡錢五百萬資君，時不可失。 ”周祖因其資，得為軍司。
Earlier, a Wei man named Chai Weng taught the classics in his neighborhood. His daughter had served in the inner palace under Later Tang Emperor Zhuangzong; when Emperor Mingzong entered Luoyang, she was released from court. Chai Weng and his wife went to meet her, but at Honggou they were halted by heavy rains for more than ten days. The daughter gathered all her belongings, worth ten million cash in all, gave half to her parents, and sent them back to Wei, saying, "I saw the squad leader of a postal station beside the ditch—a man with a mottled, sparrow-marked neck. He is destined for greatness, and I wish to serve him." When they inquired, they learned it was the Zhou founder. Her parents were deeply ashamed but could not change her mind. One day she told the Zhou founder, "Your destiny is beyond measure. I have five million strings of cash to give you—this moment must not be missed." With her funds the Zhou founder secured the post of army quartermaster.
57
柴翁好獨寢，人傳其能司冥間事。 一日晨起，大笑不已，妻問之，不對。 翁好飲，其妻逼令飲，極醉，因漏言曰：“花項漢作天子矣。 ”其妻頗露之，遇亦微有聞，未深言。 至是，永德故以此諷遇，遇送永德歸周祖。
Chai Weng preferred to sleep alone, and people said he could commune with the netherworld. One morning he rose laughing uncontrollably; when his wife asked why, he would not say. Chai Weng loved wine, and his wife pressed him to drink until he was thoroughly drunk. Then he let slip, "The mottled-neck fellow has become emperor." His wife let something of it slip, and Yu caught a hint of it but said nothing further. Now Yongde deliberately alluded to this story, and Yu sent him back to the Zhou founder.
58
周祖登位，封永德妻為晉國公主，授永德左衛將軍、內殿直小底四班都知，加駙馬都尉、領和州刺史。 逾年，擢為殿前都虞候、領恩州團練使，俄遷殿前都指揮使、泗州防禦使，時年二十四。
When the Zhou founder took the throne, he enfeoffed Yongde's wife as Princess of Jin, made Yongde Left Guard General and chief of the fourth squad of the Inner Hall Attendants, and also Commandant of the Horse and prefect of He. A year later he was made chief inspector of the Palace Front and regimental commissioner of En; soon after he became commander of the Palace Front and defense commissioner of Si, at age twenty-four.
59
顯德元年，幷州劉崇引契丹來侵。 世宗親征，戰於高平，大將樊愛能、何徽方戰退衄。 時太祖與永德各領牙兵二千，永德部下善左射，太祖與永德厲兵分進，大捷，降崇軍七千餘眾。 及駐上黨，世宗晝臥帳中，召永德語曰：“前日高平之戰，主將殊不用命，樊愛能而下，吾將案之以法。 ”永德曰：“陛下欲固守封疆則已，必欲開拓疆宇，威加四海，宜痛懲其失。 ”世宗擲枕於地，大呼稱善。 翌日，誅二將以徇，軍威大振。 進攻太原，師薄城下，永德與符彥卿、史彥超北控忻口以斷契丹援路。 太原城四十里，周師去城三百步，圍之二匝。 自四月至六月，攻之不克。 契丹援兵果至，彥超戰沒，繼敗其眾二千，餘眾遁去。 以永德領武信軍節度。 師還，徙義成軍節度。
In the first year of Xiande, Liu Chong of Bingzhou led the Khitans in an invasion. Emperor Shizong marched in person. At Gaoping the great generals Fan Aineng and He Hui had just been routed. Taizu and Yongde each led two thousand household troops; Yongde's men were skilled left-handed archers. They roused their forces, advanced in separate columns, won a great victory, and accepted the surrender of more than seven thousand of Chong's troops. When they encamped at Shangdang, Shizong summoned Yongde to his midday rest in the tent and said, "At Gaoping the other day the commanders utterly disobeyed orders—Fan Aineng and the rest. I mean to punish them by law." Yongde said, "If Your Majesty only means to hold the borders, very well—but if you mean to expand the realm and extend your authority to the four seas, you must punish them severely." Shizong threw his pillow to the ground and cried out his approval. The next day the two generals were executed as a warning, and army discipline was restored. The army advanced on Taiyuan and drew up beneath the walls. Yongde, Fu Yanqing, and Shi Yanchao held Xinkou to the north to block Khitan reinforcements. Taiyuan's walls ran forty li around; the Zhou army stood three hundred paces from the city and encircled it in a double ring. From the fourth month to the sixth they attacked without success. Khitans reinforcements arrived as expected. Yanchao fell in battle, but the Zhou forces then routed two thousand of the enemy and drove off the rest. Yongde was made Wuxin military governor. When the army returned, he was transferred to the Yicheng military governorship.
60
時永德父穎為隸人曹澄等所害，因奔南唐。 會議南征，永德請行自效，許之。 師至壽春，劉仁瞻堅壁不下。 永德出疲兵誘之，傍伏精騎，每戰陽不利，北退三十里，伏兵突起夾攻，大敗之，仁贍僅以身免。
At that time Yongde's father Ying was murdered by the bondsman Cao Cheng and others, who fled to Southern Tang. When a southern campaign was planned, Yongde volunteered to serve and was permitted to go. When the army reached Shouchun, Liu Renzan held the walls and refused to come out. Yongde sent out weary troops as bait with elite cavalry hidden nearby. In each engagement he feigned defeat and retreated thirty li north, then his ambush rose on both flanks and routed the enemy; Renzan barely escaped with his life.
61
三年，世宗親征，至壽州城下，仁贍執澄等三人檻送行在，意求緩師，詔賜永德，俾其甘心。 太祖與永德領前軍至紫金山，吳人列十八砦，戰備嚴整。 敵壘西偏有高隴，下瞰其營中，永德選勁弓強弩伏隴旁，太祖麾兵直攻第一砦，戰陽不勝，淮人果空砦出鬥，永德亟登隴，發伏馳入據之，敵眾散走。 翌日，又攻第二砦，鼓噪而進，始攻北門，淮人開南門而遁。 時韓令坤在揚州。 復為吳人所逼，欲退師。 世宗怒，遣永德率師援之，又敗泗州軍千餘於曲溪堰，俄屯下蔡。
In the third year Shizong marched in person. At the walls of Shouzhou, Renzan sent Cao Cheng and two others in a cage to the imperial camp, hoping to buy time; an edict granted them to Yongde so that he might have his revenge. Taizu and Yongde led the vanguard to Purple Gold Mountain, where the Wu forces had arrayed eighteen forts in tight battle order. A high ridge on the western flank overlooked the enemy camp. Yongde hid strong archers and crossbowmen beside it while Taizu launched a direct assault on the first fort. Feigning defeat, they drew the Huai troops out of the fort; Yongde then seized the ridge, unleashed his ambush, and galloped in to occupy it as the enemy scattered. The next day they attacked the second fort with drums and shouts. As they assaulted the north gate, the Huai troops opened the south gate and fled. At that time Han Lingkun was at Yangzhou. He was again pressed by Wu forces and wanted to withdraw. Shizong was furious and sent Yongde with reinforcements. Yongde also routed more than a thousand Sizhou troops at Quxi Dam and soon encamped at Xia Cai.
62
時吳人以周師在壽春攻圍日急，又恃水戰，乃大發樓船蔽江而下，泊於濠、泗，周師頗不利。 吳將林仁肇帥眾千餘，水陸齊進，又以船數艘載薪，乘風縱火，將焚周浮梁，周人憂之。 俄而風反，吳人稍卻，永德進兵敗之。 又夜使習水者沒其船下，縻以鐵鎖，引輕舠急擊。 吳人既不得進，溺者甚眾，奪其巨艦數十艘。 永德解金帶，賞習水者。 乃距浮梁十餘步，以鐵索千餘尺橫截長淮，又維巨木，自是備禦益堅矣。 俄又敗千餘眾於淮北岸，獲戰船數十艘，吳人多溺死。 詔褒美之。
The Wu forces, seeing the Zhou siege of Shouchun tighten daily and trusting in their naval strength, launched a great fleet of tower ships that covered the river and anchored at Hao and Si, putting the Zhou army at a disadvantage. The Wu general Lin Renzhao led more than a thousand men in a combined land-and-water advance. He also loaded several ships with firewood and, riding the wind, set fires meant to burn the Zhou pontoon bridge, causing great alarm. Before long the wind shifted. The Wu forces fell back slightly, and Yongde advanced and defeated them. That night he sent skilled divers beneath the enemy ships to tether them with iron chains, then sent light boats in for a swift assault. Unable to advance, many Wu soldiers drowned, and the Zhou forces captured dozens of their great warships. Yongde took off his gold belt and rewarded the divers. He then stretched iron chains more than a thousand feet long across the Huai River a dozen paces from the pontoon bridge and moored great timbers as well, greatly strengthening the defenses. Soon after he routed more than a thousand enemy troops on the north bank of the Huai, captured dozens of warships, and drowned many Wu soldiers. An edict commended his achievements.
63
冬，擢為殿前都點檢。 四年，從克壽州還，制授檢校太尉、領鎮寧軍節度。 五年夏，契丹擾邊，命永德率步騎二萬拒之。 從世宗北伐，還駐澶淵，解兵柄，加檢校太尉、同中書門下平章事。 恭帝嗣位，移忠武軍節度。
That winter he was promoted to overall inspector of the Palace Front. In the fourth year, after Shouchun fell, he was made honorary Grand Marshal and Zhenning military governor. In the summer of the fifth year the Khitans raided the frontier, and Yongde was ordered to lead twenty thousand infantry and cavalry against them. He accompanied Shizong on the northern campaign. On the return march they halted at Chanyuan; he was relieved of military command and made honorary Grand Marshal and Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi. When Emperor Gong succeeded to the throne, Yongde was transferred to the Zhongwu military governorship.
64
太祖即位，加兼侍中。 永德入朝，授武勝軍節度。 入覲，召對後苑，道舊故，飲以巨觥，每呼駙馬不名。 時幷、汾未下，太祖密訪其策。 永德曰：“太原兵少而悍，加以契丹為援，未易取也。 臣以每歲多設遊兵，擾其農事，仍發間使以諜契丹，絕其援，然後可下也。 ”帝然之。 俄歸本鎮。
When Taizu took the throne, Yongde was also made Palace Attendant. Yongde came to court and was made Wusheng military governor. At audience he was summoned to the rear garden, where they reminisced over great goblets of wine and Taizu always addressed him as "Imperial Son-in-Law" rather than by name. Bing and Fen had not yet fallen, and Taizu privately asked his counsel. Yongde said, "Taiyuan has few troops but they are fierce, and with Khitan support it will not be easy to take." I suggest deploying roaming detachments each year to disrupt their farming, and sending secret agents to spy on the Khitans and cut off their support. Only then can it be taken. The emperor agreed. Before long he returned to his post.
65
會出師討金陵，永德以己資造戰船數十艘，運糧萬斛，自順陽沿漢水而下。 富民高進者，豪橫莫能禁，永德乃發其奸，置於法。 進潛詣闕，誣永德緣險固置十餘砦，圖為不軌。 太祖命樞密都承旨曹翰領騎兵察之，詰其砦所，進曰：“張侍中誅我宗黨殆盡，希中以法，報私憤爾。 ”翰以進授永德，永德遽解縛就市，笞而釋之。 時稱其長者。
When an expedition was launched against Jinling, Yongde built dozens of warships at his own expense, loaded ten thousand hu of grain, and sailed down the Han River from Shunyang. A wealthy man named Gao Jin was so overbearing that no one could restrain him; Yongde exposed his crimes and punished him by law. Jin secretly went to court and accused Yongde of fortifying more than ten strongpoints along strategic terrain and plotting rebellion. Taizu ordered Chief Secretary Cao Han of the Bureau of Military Affairs to investigate with cavalry. When asked to identify the forts, Jin said, "Attendant Zhang nearly wiped out my clan. He only wanted to use the law to settle a private score." Han turned Jin over to Yongde, who immediately had him unbound, taken to the market, flogged, and released. At the time he was praised for his magnanimity.
66
太平興國二年來朝，拜左衛上將軍。 五年，坐市秦、隴竹木所過矯製免關市算，降為本衛大將軍。 數月，復舊秩。 六年，進封鄧國公。 雍熙中，連知滄、雄、定三州。
In the second year of Taiping Xingguo he came to court and was made Left Guard Senior General. In the fifth year he was demoted to senior general of his guard for forging edicts to evade market tolls while transporting bamboo and timber from Qin and Long. Within months his former rank was restored. In the sixth year he was enfeoffed as Duke of Deng. During Yongxi he served in succession as prefect of Cang, Xiong, and Ding.
67
端拱元年，拜安化軍節度。 召還，為河北兩路排陣使，屯定州。 嘗與契丹戰，斬獲甚眾。 二年，丁內艱，起復。 淳化初，又代田重進知鎮州。 二年，改泰寧軍節度兼侍中，出判幷州兼並代都部署。
In the first year of Duan Gong he was made Anhua military governor. He was recalled and made battle-array commissioner for the two Hebei circuits, encamping at Dingzhou. He fought the Khitans more than once, killing and capturing a great many. In the second year he entered mourning for his mother but was recalled to duty. At the beginning of Chunhua he replaced Tian Chongjin as administrator of Zhenzhou. In the second year he was made Taining military governor and Palace Attendant, and sent out to administer Bingzhou as overall deployment commander of Bing and Dai.
68
永德明天文術，嘗與僚佐會食，有報遼兵寇州境者，永德用《太白萬勝訣》占之，語坐客曰：“彼雖以年月便利，乘金而來，反值歲星對逆，兵家大忌，必敗。 ”未幾，折禦卿捷報至，眾始歡伏。
Yongde was versed in astronomy. Once while dining with his staff, word came that Liao troops were raiding the border. He divined using the Taibai Wansheng Jue and told those present, "Though they come at an astrologically favorable moment under the metal phase, they will meet the year star in opposition—the greatest taboo in warfare. They are sure to be defeated." Before long news of Zhe Yujing's victory arrived, and the assembly marveled.
69
二年冬，契丹入邊，帝將北巡，以永德宿將，召入對便殿，賜坐，訪以邊要。 以老不可從行，留為東京內外都巡檢使。 三年，制授檢校太師、彰德軍節度、知天雄軍。 俄以衰耄，命還本鎮。 是秋卒，年七十三。 遣內園使馮守規護柩還京師、贈中書令。 諸孫遷秩者五人。
In the winter of the second year the Khitans raided the frontier. As the emperor prepared a northern tour, he summoned the veteran Yongde to the informal hall, gave him a seat, and asked his counsel on frontier affairs. Deemed too old to accompany the march, he was kept on as overall patrol commissioner of the Eastern Capital. In the third year he was made honorary Grand Preceptor, Zhangde military governor, and administrator of the Tianxiong Army. Before long, owing to age and infirmity, he was ordered back to his post. He died that autumn at the age of seventy-three. Inner Garden Commissioner Feng Shougui was sent to escort the coffin to the capital, and Yongde was posthumously granted Director of the Chancellery. Five of his grandsons were promoted in rank.
70
永德出母，後適安邑劉祚。 及永德鎮南陽，祚已卒，迎母歸州廨，起二堂，與繼母劉並居。 劉卒，馬預中參，時年八十一，太宗勞之，賜冠帔，封莒國太夫人。 同母弟劉再思，署子城使，於市西里起大第，聚劉族。
Yongde's birth mother, after being cast out of the household, later married Liu Zuo of Anyi. When Yongde was posted at Nanyang, Zuo had already died. He brought his mother to the prefectural offices, built two halls, and housed her together with his stepmother, Lady Liu. When Lady Liu died, Lady Ma came to court at the age of eighty-one. Emperor Taizong received her warmly, bestowed a cap and robe, and enfeoffed her as Grand Lady of Ju. His younger half-brother Liu Zaishi was appointed deputy city commissioner, built a grand mansion west of the market district, and gathered the Liu clan there.
71
初，永德寓睢陽，有書生鄰居臥疾，永德療之獲愈。 生一日就永德求汞五兩，既得，即置鼎中煮之，成中金。 自是日與永德遊，一日，告適淮上，語永德曰：“後當相遇於彼。 ”永德曰：“吳境不通，子何可去？ ”生曰：“吾自有術。 ”永德送行數舍，懇求藥法，生曰：“君當大貴，吾不吝此，慮損君福。 ”言訖而去。 及永德屯下蔡，牙帳前後隊部曲八百人，皆金銀刀槊，繡旗幟。 永德善騎射，左右分掛十的，握十矢，疾馳互發，發必中。 淮民環觀，有一僧睥睨，永德遽召之，乃睢陽書生也。 夜宿帳中，復求汞法。 僧曰：“始語君貴，今不謬矣。 終能謹節，當保五十年富貴，安用此為？ 然能降志禮賢，當別有授公藥法者。 ”永德由此益罄家資，延致方士，故太祖以方外待之。
Earlier, while Yongde was staying at Suiyang, a neighboring scholar fell ill; Yongde treated him and he recovered. One day the scholar asked Yongde for five taels of mercury. Once he had it, he boiled it in a cauldron and produced gold. From then on he visited Yongde every day. One day he said he was going to the Huai region and told Yongde, "We shall meet again there." Yongde said, "The Wu frontier is closed—how can you go?" The scholar said, "I have my own means." Yongde escorted him several li and pleaded for the alchemical formula. The scholar said, "You are destined for great eminence. I would not begrudge you this, but I fear it would diminish your fortune." With that he departed. When Yongde encamped at Xiacai, the eight hundred men of his vanguard and rear guard all carried gold- and silver-mounted halberds and spears, with embroidered banners. Yongde was a superb mounted archer. Ten targets were hung on either side; grasping ten arrows, he galloped past and shot in turn, never missing. Huai locals gathered to watch. One monk looked on with a sidelong glance, and Yongde immediately summoned him—it was the Suiyang scholar. That night he stayed in the tent and again asked for the mercury formula. The monk said, "I told you at the outset that you would rise high, and now that has proved true." If you remain restrained to the end, you will enjoy fifty years of wealth and eminence. What need is there for this? But if you can humble yourself and honor the worthy, another will teach you the alchemical formula. From this Yongde spent his family fortune ever more freely, inviting Daoist adepts, and the Founding Emperor therefore treated him as a man apart from ordinary affairs.
72
初，睢陽書生嘗言太祖受命之兆，以故永德潛意拱向。 太祖將聘孝明皇后也，永德出緡錢金帛數千以助之，故盡太祖朝而恩渥不替。 孫文蔚虞部員外郎，文炳殿中丞。
The Suiyang scholar had once spoken of the omen that the Founding Emperor would receive the Mandate, and for this reason Yongde secretly inclined toward him. When the Founding Emperor was about to marry Empress Xiaoming, Yongde contributed thousands of strings of cash and bolts of silk and gold to assist him, and throughout the Founding Emperor's reign his favor never waned. His grandson Wenwei served as outer-section member of the Ministry of Works, and Wenbing as a palace censor.
73
王全斌
Wang Quanbin
74
王全斌，并州太原人。 其父事莊宗，為岢嵐軍使，私畜勇士餘人，莊宗疑其有異志，召之，懼不敢行。 全斌時年十二，謂其父曰：“此蓋疑大人有他圖，願以全斌為質，必得釋。 ”父從其計，果獲全，因以隸帳下。
Wang Quanbin was from Taiyuan in Bingzhou. His father served Emperor Zhuangzong as commissioner of the Kelan Army and privately kept more than a hundred stalwart warriors. When Emperor Zhuangzong suspected him of ulterior designs and summoned him, he was too afraid to go. Quanbin was then twelve. He said to his father, "They must suspect you of other designs. Send me as a hostage in your place, and you will certainly be released." His father followed this plan and was indeed spared. Quanbin was then placed under the commander's banner.
75
宋初，李筠以潞州叛，全斌與慕容延釗由東路會大軍進討，以功拜安國軍節度。 詔令完葺西山堡砦，不逾時而就。 建隆四年，與洺州防禦使郭進等率兵入太原境，俘數千人以歸，進克樂平。
At the beginning of the Song, when Li Yun rebelled at Luzhou, Quanbin and Murong Yanzhao joined the main army advancing by the eastern route. For his service Quanbin was made military governor of the Anguo Army. An edict ordered him to repair the forts and stockades of the Western Hills, and the work was finished before long. In the fourth year of Jianlong he joined Mingzhou defense commissioner Guo Jin and others in leading troops into Taiyuan territory, captured several thousand men, and took Leping.
76
乾德二年冬，又為忠武軍節度。 即日下詔伐蜀，命全斌為西川行營前軍都部署，率禁軍步騎二萬、諸州兵萬人由鳳州路進討。 召示川峽地圖，授以方略。
In the winter of the second year of Qiande he was again made military governor of the Zhongwu Army. That same day an edict was issued to campaign against Shu. Quanbin was appointed overall deployment commander of the Western Sichuan vanguard, leading twenty thousand palace infantry and cavalry and ten thousand troops from various prefectures by the Fengzhou route. He was summoned, shown the map of the Sichuan gorges, and given his strategy.
77
十二月，率兵拔乾渠渡、萬仞燕子二砦，遂下興州，蜀刺史藍思綰退保西縣。 敗蜀軍七千人，獲軍糧四十餘萬斛。 進拔石圌、魚關、白水二十餘砦，先鋒史延德進軍三泉，敗蜀軍靈數萬，擒招討使韓保正、副使李進，獲糧三十餘萬斛。 既而崔彥進、康延澤等逐蜀軍過三泉，遂至嘉陵，殺虜甚眾。 蜀人斷閣道，軍不能進，全斌議取羅川路以入，延澤潛謂彥進曰：“羅川路險，軍難並進，不如分兵治閣道，與大軍會於深渡。 ”彥進以白全斌，全斌然之。 命彥進、延澤督治閣道，數日成，遂進擊金山砦，破小漫天砦。 全斌由羅川趣深渡，與彥進會。 蜀人依江列陣以待，彥進遣張萬友等奪其橋。 會暮夜，蜀人退保大漫天砦。 詰朝，彥進、延澤、萬友分三道擊之，蜀人悉其精銳來逆戰，又大破之，乘勝拔其砦，蜀將王審超、監軍崇渥遁去，復與三泉監軍劉延祚、大將王昭遠、趙崇韜引兵來戰，三戰三敗，追至利州北。 昭遠遁去，渡桔柏江，焚梁，退守劍門。 遂克利州，得軍糧八十萬斛。
In the twelfth month he captured the forts at Ganqu Ford and Wanyan Swallow, then took Xingzhou. The Shu prefect Lan Sizhou withdrew to hold Xixian. He defeated seven thousand Shu troops and captured more than four hundred thousand bushels of army grain. He advanced to capture more than twenty forts, including Shigu, Yuguan, and Baishui. Vanguard Shi Yande marched on Sanquan, defeated tens of thousands of Shu troops, captured pacification commissioner Han Baozheng and deputy commissioner Li Jin, and seized more than three hundred thousand bushels of grain. Thereafter Cui Yanjin, Kang Yanze, and others pursued the Shu army beyond Sanquan to Jialing, killing and capturing a great multitude. The Shu cut the plank road and the army could not advance. Quanbin proposed entering by the Luochuan route, but Yanze privately told Yanjin, "The Luochuan route is perilous and the army cannot advance together. It would be better to divide forces to repair the plank road and join the main army at Shendu." Yanjin reported this to Quanbin, who agreed. He ordered Yanjin and Yanze to repair the plank road. Within days it was done, and they advanced to attack Jinshan Fort and broke Xiaomantian Fort. Quanbin hastened by the Luochuan route to Shendu and joined Yanjin. The Shu arrayed their battle lines along the river to await them. Yanjin sent Zhang Wanyou and others to seize their bridge. At nightfall the Shu withdrew to hold Damantian Fort. At dawn Yanjin, Yanze, and Wanyou attacked in three columns. The Shu brought out all their elite troops and were again thoroughly defeated. Pressing the victory, they took the fort. Shu generals Wang Shenchao and army supervisor Chong Wo fled. Sanquan army supervisor Liu Yanzuo and great generals Wang Zhaoyuan and Zhao Chongtao again led troops to fight; three times they were defeated, and the pursuit reached north of Lizhou. Zhaoyuan fled, crossed the Jubai River, burned the bridge, and withdrew to hold Jianmen. Lizhou was then taken, yielding eight hundred thousand bushels of army grain.
78
自利州趨劍門，次益光。 全斌會諸將議曰：“劍門天險，古稱‘一夫荷戈，萬夫莫前’，諸君宜各陳進取之策。 ”待衛軍頭向韜曰：“降卒牟進言：‘益光江東，越大山數重，有狹徑名來蘇，蜀人於江西置砦，對岸有渡，自此出劍關南二十里，至清強店，與大路合。 可於此進兵，即劍門不足恃也。 ’”全斌等即欲卷甲赴之，康延澤曰：“來蘇細徑，不須主帥親往。 且人屢敗，並兵退守劍門，若諸帥協力進攻，命一偏將趨來蘇，若達清強，北擊劍關與大軍夾攻，破之必矣。 ”全斌納其策，命史延德分兵趨來蘇，造浮梁於江上，蜀人見梁成，棄砦而遁。 昭遠聞延德兵趨來蘇，至清強，即引兵退，陣於漢源坡，留其偏將守劍門。 全斌等擊破之，昭遠、崇強，即引隻退，陣於漢源坡，留其偏將守劍門。 全斌等擊破之，昭遠、崇韜皆遁走，遣輕騎進獲，傳送闕下，遂克劍州，殺蜀軍萬餘人。
From Lizhou they hastened toward Jianmen and halted at Yiguang. Quanbin convened the generals and said, "Jianmen is a heavenly barrier. The ancients said, 'One man with a spear, and ten thousand men cannot advance.' Each of you should propose a plan for taking it." Guard commander Xiang Tao said, "A surrendered soldier named Mou Jin reported that east of the Yiguang River, beyond several mountain ranges, there is a narrow path called Laisu. The Shu have a fort on the west bank with a crossing opposite. From there it is twenty li south of Jianguan Pass to Qingqiang Inn, where the path joins the main road." Troops can advance by this route, and then Jianmen will no longer avail them. Quanbin and the others immediately wanted to march there at once. Kang Yanze said, "The Laisu path is narrow. The commander-in-chief need not go in person." Moreover, the enemy has repeatedly been defeated and withdrawn to hold Jianmen. If the commanders join in attack and one deputy general is sent toward Laisu, once he reaches Qingqiang and strikes Jianguan from the north while the main army attacks from both sides, it will surely fall. Quanbin accepted this plan and ordered Shi Yande to divide forces and hasten toward Laisu. A pontoon bridge was built on the river; when the Shu saw it completed, they abandoned their fort and fled. When Zhaoyuan heard that Yande's troops were hastening toward Laisu and had reached Qingqiang, he withdrew, formed battle lines at Hanyuan Slope, and left a deputy general to hold Jianmen. Quanbin and the others broke and defeated them. Zhaoyuan and Chong Qiang withdrew, formed battle lines at Hanyuan Slope, and left a deputy general to hold Jianmen. Quanbin and the others broke and defeated them. Zhaoyuan and Chongtao both fled. Light cavalry were sent to capture them and escort them to court. Jianzhou was then taken, and more than ten thousand Shu troops were killed.
79
四年正月十三日，師次魏城，孟昶遣使奉表來降，全斌等入成都。 旬餘，劉廷讓等始自峽路至。 昶饋遺廷讓等及犒師，並同全斌之至。 及詔書頒賞，諸軍亦無差降。 由是兩路兵相嫉，蜀人亦構，主帥遂不協。 全斌等先受詔，每製置必須諸將僉議，至是，雖小事不能即決。
On the thirteenth day of the first month of the fourth year the army halted at Weicheng. Meng Chang sent envoys with a submission memorial to surrender, and Quanbin and the others entered Chengdu. More than ten days later Liu Tingrang and the others finally arrived by the gorge route. Chang's gifts to Tingrang and the others and his rewards for the army were the same as those given upon Quanbin's arrival. When the edict distributing rewards was promulgated, the various armies received equal treatment. From this the troops of the two routes grew jealous of one another. The Shu also sowed discord, and the commanders fell out. Quanbin and the others had earlier received an edict requiring every disposition to be jointly deliberated by all the generals. By this time even small matters could not be decided promptly.
80
俄詔發蜀兵赴闕，人給錢十千，未行者，加兩月廩食。 全斌等不即奉命，由是蜀軍憤怨，人人思亂。 兩路隨軍使臣常數十百人，全斌、彥進及王仁贍等各保庇之，不令部送蜀兵，但分遣諸州牙校。 蜀軍至綿州果叛，劫屬邑，眾至十餘萬，自號“興國軍”。 有蜀文州刺史全師雄者，嘗為將，有威惠，士卒畏服。 適以其族赴闕下。 綿州遇亂，師雄恐為所脅，乃匿其家於江曲民舍。 後數日為亂兵所獲，推為主帥。
Shortly an edict ordered Shu troops dispatched to court. Each man was given ten thousand cash, and those who had not yet departed were granted two months' rations. Quanbin and the others did not immediately obey the order. The Shu troops grew resentful, and every man thought of rebellion. The military commissioners accompanying the two routes often numbered in the dozens or hundreds. Quanbin, Yanjin, Wang Renshan, and the others each protected their own men, not allowing them to escort the Shu troops but only dispatching prefectural adjutants. When the Shu troops reached Mianzhou they rebelled, plundering subordinate districts. Their numbers reached more than one hundred thousand, and they styled themselves the "Army for Restoring the State." There was Quan Shixiong, prefect of Wenzhou in Shu, who had once been a general and possessed both authority and kindness. The soldiers feared and submitted to him. He happened to be taking his clan to court. When disorder broke out at Mianzhou, Shixiong feared being coerced and hid his family in a commoner's house by the river bend. Several days later he was seized by the mutinous troops and made their commander.
81
全斌遣都監米光緒往招撫之，光緒盡滅師雄之族，納其愛女及橐裝。 師雄聞之，遂無歸志，率眾急攻綿州，為橫海指揮使劉福、龍捷指揮使田紹斌所敗； 遂攻彭州，逐刺史王繼濤，殺都監李德榮，據其城。 成都十縣皆起兵應師雄，師雄自號“興蜀大王”，開幕府，置僚屬，署節帥二十餘人，令分據灌口、導江、郫、新繁、青城等縣。 彥進與張萬友、高彥暉、田欽祚同討之，為師雄所敗，彥暉戰死，欽祚僅免，賊眾益盛。 全斌又遣張廷翰、張煦往擊之，不利，退入成都。 師雄分兵綿、漢間，斷閣道，緣江置砦，聲言欲攻成都。 自是，邛、蜀、眉、雅、東川、果、遂、渝、合、資、簡、昌、普、嘉、戎、榮、陵十七州，並隨師雄為亂。 郵傳不通者月餘，全斌等甚懼。 時城中蜀兵尚餘二萬，全斌慮其應賊，與諸將謀，誘致夾城中，盡殺之。
Quanbin sent army supervisor Mi Guangxu to win them over by conciliation. Guangxu exterminated Shixiong's entire clan and took his beloved daughter and his baggage. When Shixiong heard this, he lost all will to submit and led his forces in a fierce attack on Mianzhou, but was defeated by Henghai commander Liu Fu and Longjie commander Tian Shaobin. He then attacked Pengzhou, drove out prefect Wang Jitao, killed army supervisor Li Derong, and seized the city. All ten counties of Chengdu raised troops in response to Shixiong. He styled himself "Great King for Restoring Shu," opened a headquarters, appointed staff officers, and commissioned more than twenty military governors to hold Guankou, Daojiang, Pi, Xinfan, Qingcheng, and other counties. Yanjin, together with Zhang Wanyou, Gao Yanhui, and Tian Qinzuo, jointly campaigned against him but was defeated by Shixiong. Yanhui died in battle, Qinzuo barely escaped, and the rebel forces grew ever stronger. Quanbin again sent Zhang Tinghan and Zhang Xu to attack them, but they fared poorly and withdrew into Chengdu. Shixiong divided his forces between Mian and Han, cut the plank road, placed forts along the river, and proclaimed that he intended to attack Chengdu. From this seventeen prefectures—Qiong, Shu, Mei, Ya, Dongchuan, Guo, Sui, Yu, He, Zi, Jian, Chang, Pu, Jia, Rong, Rong, and Ling—all followed Shixiong in rebellion. Postal relays were cut off for more than a month, and Quanbin and the others were greatly afraid. At that time twenty thousand Shu troops still remained in the city. Quanbin feared they would join the rebels. He consulted with the generals and lured them into the space between the inner and outer walls, where they were all killed.
82
未幾，劉廷讓、曹彬破師雄之眾於新繁，俘萬餘人。 師雄退保郫縣，全斌、仁贍又攻破之。 師雄走保灌口砦。 賊勢既衄，餘黨散保州縣。 有陵州指揮使元裕者，師雄署為刺史，眾萬餘，仁贍生擒之，磔於成都市。
Before long Liu Tingrang and Cao Bin defeated Shixiong's forces at Xinfan and captured more than ten thousand men. Shixiong withdrew to hold Pixian. Quanbin and Renshan again broke and defeated him. Shixiong fled to hold Guankou Fort. Once the rebel strength had been blunted, the remaining partisans scattered to hold various prefectures and counties. There was Yuan Yu, commander of Lingzhou, whom Shixiong had appointed prefect with more than ten thousand followers. Renshan captured him alive and dismembered him in Chengdu.
83
俄虎捷指揮使呂翰為主將所不禮，因殺知嘉州客省使武懷節、戰棹都監劉漢卿，與師雄黨劉澤合，眾至五萬，逐普州刺史劉楚信，殺通判劉沂及虎捷都校馮紹。 又果州指揮使宋德威殺知州八作使王永昌及通判劉渙、都監鄭光弼，遂州牙校王可尞率州民為亂。 仁贍等討呂翰於嘉州，翰敗走入雅州。 師雄病死於金堂，推謝行本為主，羅七君為佐國令公，與賊將宋德威、唐陶鱉據銅山，旋為康延澤所破。 仁贍又敗呂翰於雅州，翰走黎州，為下所殺，棄屍水中。 後丁德裕等分兵招輯，賊眾始息。
Shortly afterward Hujie commander Lü Han was treated discourteously by the commanding general. He killed Jiazhou guest-reception commissioner Wu Huaijie and battle-boat director Liu Hanqing, joined Shixiong partisan Liu Ze, and their forces reached fifty thousand. They drove out Puzhou prefect Liu Chuxin and killed vice-prefect Liu Yi and Hujie adjutant Feng Shao. Also Guozhou commander Song Dewei killed prefect Wang Yongchang, the Eight Works Commissioner, vice-prefect Liu Huan, and army supervisor Zheng Guangbi. Sui Prefecture adjutant Wang Keliao led the people of the prefecture in rebellion. Renshan and the others campaigned against Lü Han at Jiazhou. Han was defeated and fled into Yazhou. Shixiong died of illness at Jintang. They elevated Xie Xingben as leader and Luo Qijun as Assistant State Duke. Together with rebel generals Song Dewei and Tang Taobie they held Tongshan, but were soon broken by Kang Yanze. Renshan again defeated Lü Han at Yazhou. Han fled to Lizhou, was killed by his subordinates, and his corpse was cast into the water. Later Ding Deyu and the others divided forces to win over and pacify them, and the rebellion at last subsided.
84
全斌之入蜀也，適屬冬暮，京城大雪，太祖設氈帷於講武殿，衣紫貂裘帽以視事，忽謂左右曰：“我被服若此，體尚覺寒，念西征將衝犯霜雪，何以堪處！ ”即解裘帽，遣中黃門馳賜全斌，仍諭諸將，以不遍及也。 全斌拜賜感泣。
When Quanbin entered Shu, it was late winter. Heavy snow fell in the capital. The Founding Emperor set up felt curtains in the Hall for Martial Instruction and wore a purple sable fur coat and cap while conducting affairs. Suddenly he said to those beside him, "Dressed like this, I still feel cold. I think of the western campaign generals braving frost and snow—how can they endure it!" He immediately removed his fur coat and cap, sent an inner yellow gate attendant to gallop and bestow them on Quanbin, and told the other generals that he could not extend this to all. Quanbin received the gift with bowed thanks and wept in gratitude.
85
初，成都平，命參知政事呂餘慶知府事，全斌但典軍旅。 全斌嘗語所親曰：“我聞古之將帥，多不能保全功名，今西蜀既平，欲稱疾東歸，庶免悔吝。 ”或曰：“今寇盜尚多，非有詔旨，不可輕去。 ”全斌猶豫未決。
When Chengdu was first pacified, Grand Councilor Lü Yuqing was appointed to administer prefectural affairs while Quanbin was charged only with military matters. Quanbin once told those close to him, "I have heard that generals of old often could not preserve their fame and merit to the end. Now that Western Shu is pacified, I wish to plead illness and return east, hoping thereby to avoid regret." Someone said, "Bandits and rebels are still numerous. Without an edict you cannot lightly depart." Quanbin hesitated and could not decide.
86
會有訴全斌及彥進破蜀日，奪民家子女玉帛不法等事，與諸將同時召還。 太祖以全斌等初立功，雖犯法，不欲辱以獄吏，但令中書問狀，全斌等具伏。 詔曰：“王全斌、王仁贍、崔彥進等被堅執銳，出征全蜀，彼畏威而納款，尋馳詔以申恩。 用示哀矜，務敦綏撫，應孟昶宗族、官吏、將卒、士民悉令安存，無或驚擾； 而乃違戾約束，侵侮憲章，專殺降兵，擅開公帑，豪奪婦女，廣納貨財，斂萬民之怨嗟，致群盜之充斥。 以至再勞調發，方獲平寧。 洎命旋歸，尚欲含忍，而銜冤之訴，日擁國門，稱其隱沒金銀、犀玉、錢帛十六萬七百餘貫。 又擅開豐德庫，致失錢二十八萬一千餘貫。 遂令中書門下召與訟者質證其事。 而全斌等皆引伏。 其令御史臺於朝堂集文武百官議其罪。”
Complaints arose that on the day Quanbin and Yanjin conquered Shu they had unlawfully seized commoners' sons and daughters, jade, silk, and other goods. They and the generals were summoned back at the same time. Because Quanbin and the others had first achieved merit, the Founding Emperor, though they had violated the law, did not wish to humiliate them with prison officers but only ordered the Secretariat to question them. Quanbin and the others fully confessed. An edict said, "Wang Quanbin, Wang Renshan, Cui Yanjin, and the others, bearing strong armor and sharp weapons, marched out to conquer all of Shu. The enemy feared their might and submitted, and an edict was swiftly dispatched to extend grace." To show compassion and earnestly promote pacification, all the clansmen, officials, generals, soldiers, and common people of Meng Chang were to be kept safe and secure, with none disturbed or alarmed. Yet they violated these constraints, encroached upon the statutes, executed surrendered troops on their own authority, opened the public treasury without permission, forcibly seized women, widely accepted goods and wealth, gathered the people's lamentations, and brought bandits flooding everywhere. It even required repeated mobilizations before peace and order were finally restored. When the order came to return, the court still wished to forbear, but petitions bearing grievances daily crowded the palace gates, alleging that they had concealed one hundred sixty thousand seven hundred strings' worth of gold, silver, rhinoceros horn, jade, and silk. They also opened the Fengde Treasury without authorization, causing the loss of more than two hundred eighty-one thousand strings of cash. The Secretariat and Chancellery were therefore ordered to summon the litigants and verify the matter face to face. Quanbin and the others all confessed when confronted. They were ordered to have the Censorate assemble all civil and military officials in the court hall to deliberate their crimes.
87
於是百官定議，全斌等罪當大辟，請準律處分。 乃下詔曰：“有征無戰，雖舉於王師； 禁暴戢兵，當崇於武德。 蠢茲庸蜀，自敗奸謀，爰伐罪以宣威，俄望風而歸命。 遽令按堵，勿犯秋毫，庶德澤之涵濡，俾生聚之寧息。 而忠武軍節度王全斌、武信軍節度崔彥進董茲銳旅，奉我成謀，既居克定之全功，宜體輯柔之深意。 比謂不日清謐，即時凱旋，懋賞策勳，抑有彝典。 而罔思寅畏，速此悔尤，貪殘無厭，殺戮非罪，稽於偃革，職爾玩兵。 尚念前勞，特從寬貸，止停旄鉞，猶委藩宣。 我非無恩，爾當自省。 全斌可責授崇義軍節度觀察留後，彥進可責授昭化軍節度觀察留後，特建隨州為崇義軍、金州為昭化軍以處之。 仁贍責授右衛大將軍。 ”開寶開，車駕幸洛陽郊祀，召全斌侍祠，以為武寧軍節度。 謂之曰：“朕以江左未平，慮征南諸將不尊紀律，故抑卿數年，為朕立法。 今已克金陵，還卿節鉞。 ”仍以銀器萬兩、帛萬匹、錢千萬賜之。 全斌至鎮數月卒，年六十九。 贈中書令。 天禧二年，錄其孫永昌為三班奉職。
Thereupon the officials reached a decision: Quanbin and the others' crimes warranted the death penalty, and they requested disposition according to the law. An edict was then issued: "To campaign without fighting is indeed the achievement of the royal army." Restraining violence and sheathing arms should be exalted as martial virtue. This foolish Shu defeated its own treacherous designs. We raised an army to punish crime and display might, and soon they submitted at the sight of our banners. We swiftly ordered them to settle in peace and harm not the slightest thing, hoping that nourishing grace would allow the people to live and gather in tranquility. Yet Zhongwu military governor Wang Quanbin and Wuxin military governor Cui Yanjin directed these sharp troops and carried out our settled plan. Having achieved the full merit of conquest, they should have embodied the deep intent of pacification and forbearance. We expected that within days all would be clear and calm, that they would return in timely triumph, and that lavish rewards would follow the established canon. Yet they gave no thought to reverent fear and quickly brought forth this remorse and blame: greedy and cruel without satiety, killing the innocent, delaying the sheathing of arms, and treating warfare as sport. Still mindful of their earlier labors, We specially grant leniency: only their banners and axes are suspended, yet they remain entrusted with frontier command. It is not that We lack grace; you should examine yourselves. Quanbin is demoted to military governor and observation acting commissioner of the Chongyi Army; Yanjin is demoted to military governor and observation acting commissioner of the Zhaohua Army. Suizhou is specially established as the Chongyi Army and Jinzhou as the Zhaohua Army to accommodate them. Renshan is demoted to great general of the Right Guard. At the beginning of Kaibao, when the emperor visited Luoyang for the suburban sacrifice, Quanbin was summoned to attend the rites and was made military governor of the Wuning Army. The emperor said to him, "Because the lower Yangzi was not yet pacified, I feared the southern campaign generals would not respect discipline, and therefore suppressed you for several years to establish a precedent." Now that Jinling has been taken, I restore your banners and axes. He was also bestowed ten thousand taels of silver vessels, ten thousand bolts of silk, and ten million cash. Quanbin died several months after reaching his post, at the age of sixty-nine. He was posthumously granted Director of the Chancellery. In the second year of Tianxi his grandson Yongchang was enrolled as a third-rank attendant.
88
全斌輕財重士，不求聲譽，寬厚容眾，軍旅樂為之用。 黜居山郡十餘年，怡然自得，識者稱之。
Quanbin was generous with wealth and valued men of talent, sought no reputation, was generous and tolerant, and the army was glad to serve under him. Demoted to dwell in a mountain prefecture for more than ten years, he was content and at ease, and those who understood praised him.
89
子審鈞，崇儀使、富州刺史、廣州兵馬鈐轄； 審銳，供奉官、閤門祗候。 曾孫凱。
His son Shenjun was an honorary envoy, prefect of Fuzhou, and military controller of Guangzhou. Shenrui was an attendant official and gate usher. His great-grandson was Kai.
90
〈曾孫〉 凱
〈Great-grandson〉 Kai
91
凱字勝之。 祖審鈞，嘗為永興軍駐泊都監，以擊賊死，遂家京兆。 饒於財，凱散施結客，日馳獵南山下，以踐蹂民田，捕至府。 時寇準守長安，見其狀貌奇之。 為言：“全斌取蜀有勞，而審鈞以忠義死，當錄其孤。 ”遂以為三班奉職、監鳳翔盩厔稅。 曆左右班殿直、監益州市買院、慶州合水鎮兵馬監押、監在京草場。
Kai, courtesy name Shengzhi. His grandfather Shenjun had once been overall garrison supervisor of the Yongxing Army and died fighting bandits. The family then settled in Jingzhao. Wealthy in resources, Kai distributed gifts and gathered clients. He daily galloped to hunt beneath the Southern Mountains, trampling the people's fields, and was arrested and brought to the prefectural offices. At that time Kou Zhun was defending Chang'an. Seeing his appearance, he found it remarkable. He spoke on his behalf: "Quanbin had merit in taking Shu, and Shenjun died in loyalty and righteousness. His orphan should be enrolled." Kai was therefore appointed third-rank attendant and supervisor of the tax at Fengxiang Zhiyu. He successively served as left and right palace attendant, supervisor of the Yizhou market purchase office, military supervisor of Heshui Town in Qingzhou, and supervisor of the capital hay depot.
92
先是，守卒掃遺稈自入，凱禁絕，而從欲害之。 事覺，他監官皆坐故縱，凱獨得免。 自右侍禁、雄州兵馬監押，擢閤門祗候、定邢趙都巡檢使。
Earlier, the garrison soldiers swept up leftover grain stalks for their own use. Kai forbade this, and his followers wished to harm them. When the matter came to light, the other supervising officials were all punished for deliberate indulgence. Kai alone was exempted. From right attendant guard and Xiongzhou military supervisor, he was promoted to gate usher and overall patrol commissioner of Ding, Xing, and Zhao.
93
元昊反，徙麟州都監。 嘗出雙烽橋、染枝谷，遇夏人，破之。 又破龐青、黃羅部，再戰於伺候烽，前後斬首三百餘級，獲區落馬牛、橐駝、器械以數千計。 夏人圍麟州，乘城拒鬥，晝夜三十一日，始解去。 特遷西頭供奉官。
When Yuan Hao rebelled, he was transferred to overall supervisor of Linzhou. He once went out to Shuangfeng Bridge and Ranzhigu, encountered Tangut troops, and defeated them. He again defeated the tribes of Pang Qing and Huang Luo and fought twice at Sihou Beacon. In all he beheaded more than three hundred heads and captured thousands of tribal horses, cattle, camels, and weapons. The Tangut besieged Linzhou. He mounted the walls to resist battle for thirty-one days and nights before the siege was finally lifted. He was specially promoted to western-section attendant official.
94
代遷，邊寇猶鈔掠，以為內殿崇班、麟州路緣邊都巡檢使，與同巡檢張岊護糧道於青眉浪，寇猝大至，與岊相失。 乃分兵出其後夾擊之。 復與岊合，斬首百餘級。 又入兔毛川，賊眾三萬，凱以後六千陷圍，流矢中面，鬥不解，又斬首百餘級，賊自蹂踐，死者以千數。 遷南作坊副使，後為幷、代州鈐轄，管勾麟府軍馬事。 夏人二萬寇青塞堡，凱出鞋邪谷，轉戰四十里，至杜古川，大敗之，復得所掠馬牛以還。
Upon rotation he was transferred back, but frontier raiders still plundered. He was appointed inner-hall honored attendant and overall frontier patrol commissioner of the Linzhou Circuit. Together with fellow patrol commissioner Zhang Bian he escorted the grain route at Qingmeilang. The raiders suddenly arrived in great force and he lost contact with Bian. He therefore divided his forces, came out behind them, and attacked from both sides. He rejoined Bian and beheaded more than one hundred heads. He again entered Tumao River, where the rebel force numbered thirty thousand. Kai with six thousand rear troops was trapped in encirclement. A stray arrow struck his face, yet he fought without ceasing and again beheaded more than one hundred heads. The rebels trampled one another, and the dead numbered in the thousands. He was transferred to deputy commissioner of the Southern Workshop, and later became military controller of Bing and Daizhou, managing Lin and Fu army and horse affairs. Twenty thousand Tangut raided Qingsai Fort. Kai came out through Xiexie Valley, fought for forty li as far as Du Guchuan, thoroughly defeated them, and recovered the plundered horses and cattle on his return.
95
經略使明鎬言凱在河外九年，有功，遂領資州刺史。 久之召還，未及見，會甘陵盜起，即命領兵赴城下。 賊平，拜澤州刺史、知邠州。 未幾，為神龍衛四廂都指揮使、澤州團練使，曆環慶、並代、定州路副都總管，捧日天武四廂、綿州防禦使，累遷侍衛親軍步軍副都指揮使、涇州觀察使。 又徙秦鳳路，辭日，帝諭以唃氏木征，交易阻絕，頗有入寇之萌，宜安靜以處之。 凱至，與主帥以恩信撫接，遂復常貢。 召拜武勝軍節度觀察留後、侍衛親軍馬軍副都指揮使。 卒，年六十六。 贈彰武軍節度使，諡莊恪。
Frontier commissioner Ming Hao reported that Kai had served beyond the Yellow River for nine years with merit, and he was therefore appointed prefect of Zizhou. After a long time he was summoned back. Before he could be received in audience, bandits arose at Ganling and he was immediately ordered to lead troops to the city walls. When the bandits were pacified, he was appointed prefect of Zezhou and administrator of Binzhou. Before long he became overall commander of the four wings of the Divine Dragon Guard and regimental commissioner of Zezhou. He successively served as deputy overall commander of the Huanqing, Bing-Dai, and Dingzhou Circuits, the four wings of the Sun-Upholding and Heaven-Martial Guards, defense commissioner of Mianzhou, and was repeatedly promoted to deputy overall commander of the palace guard infantry and observation commissioner of Jingzhou. He was again transferred to the Qinfeng Circuit. On the day of his farewell audience, the emperor instructed him regarding the Gus clan and Muzheng: trade had been cut off and there were signs of incursion. He should handle matters with calm. When Kai arrived, he and the commanding general received them with grace and trust, and regular tribute was restored. He was summoned and appointed military governor and observation acting commissioner of the Wusheng Army and deputy overall commander of the palace guard cavalry. He died at the age of sixty-six. He was posthumously granted military governor of the Zhangwu Army, with the posthumous title Zhuangke.
96
凱治軍有紀律，善撫循士卒，平居與均飲食，至臨陣援枹鼓，毅然不少假。 故士卒畏信，戰無不力，前後與敵遇，未嘗挫衄。 兔毛川之戰，內侍宋永誠哭於軍中，凱劾罷之。 尤篤好於故舊。
Kai governed the army with discipline and was skilled at comforting and guiding soldiers. In ordinary times he shared food and drink with them, yet when battle came he grasped the drum mallet with stern resolve and showed no leniency. Therefore the soldiers feared and trusted him, fought with all their strength, and in successive encounters with the enemy never suffered defeat. At the battle of Tumao River, inner attendant Song Yongcheng wept in the army camp. Kai impeached and removed him. He was especially devoted to old friends.
97
子緘。 緘子詵，字晉卿，能詩善畫，尚蜀國長公主，官至留後。
His son was Jian. Jian's son Shen, courtesy name Jinqing, was skilled at poetry and painting, married the Princess of Shu, and rose to acting commissioner.
98
康延澤
Kang Yanze
99
康延澤，父福，晉護國軍節度兼侍中。 延澤，天福中，以蔭補供奉官。 周廣順二年，永興李洪信入覲，遣延澤往巡檢，遷內染院副使。
Kang Yanze's father Fu was Jin military governor of the Huguo Army and concurrently Palace Attendant. Yanze, during the Tianfu era, entered service by inherited privilege as an attendant official. In the second year of Guangshun of Zhou, when Li Hongxin of Yongxing came to court audience, Yanze was dispatched to conduct an inspection and was transferred to deputy commissioner of the Inner Dyeing Office.
100
宋初，從慕容延釗、李處耘平湖湘。 時荊南高保融卒，其子繼冲嗣領軍事，命延澤齎書幣先往撫之。 且察其情偽。 及還，盡得其機事，因前導大軍入境，遂下荊峽。 以勞授正使。
At the beginning of the Song, he followed Murong Yanzhao and Li Chuyun in pacifying the lakes and Xiang region. At that time Gao Baorong of Jingnan died and his son Jichong succeeded to military affairs. Yanze was ordered to carry letters and gifts ahead to reassure them. He was also to observe their true intentions. Upon his return he had fully learned their secret affairs. He therefore led the main army across the border and Jing and the gorges were taken. For his labors he was appointed chief commissioner.
101
乾德中，征蜀，為鳳州路馬軍都監，破白水、合子二砦，進擊西縣、三泉，獲韓保正。 由來蘇路會大軍，克劍門。 及孟昶降，延澤以百騎先入成都，安撫軍民，盡封府庫而還。 就命為成都府都監。 會全師雄復亂，徙為普州刺史。 時有降兵二萬七千，諸將懼為內應，欲盡殺之。 延澤請簡老幼疾病七千人釋之，餘以兵衛還，浮江而下，賊若來劫奪，即殺之未晚。 諸將不能用。 俄出兵。 敗賊黨劉澤三萬人。 復有王可尞率數郡賊兵來戰，延澤擊走之，追北至合州。 又破可尞餘黨謝行本等，擒羅七君。 事平，優詔嘉獎，就命為東川七州招安巡檢使。
During the Qiande era, in the campaign against Shu, he served as overall cavalry supervisor of the Fengzhou route, broke the forts at Baishui and Hezi, advanced to attack Xixian and Sanquan, and captured Han Baozheng. By the Laisu route he joined the main army and captured Jianmen. When Meng Chang surrendered, Yanze with one hundred horsemen was first to enter Chengdu, reassured soldiers and civilians, sealed all treasuries and storehouses, and returned. He was immediately appointed overall supervisor of Chengdu Prefecture. When Quan Shixiong again rebelled, he was transferred to be prefect of Puzhou. At that time there were twenty-seven thousand surrendered troops. The generals feared they would serve as internal collaborators and wished to kill them all. Yanze requested that seven thousand old, young, sick, and infirm be selected and released. The remainder would be escorted back under guard, floating down the river, and if bandits came to seize them, killing them would not be too late. The generals would not adopt this plan. Shortly afterward he marched out with troops. He defeated thirty thousand men of the rebel partisan Liu Ze. Again Wang Keliao led rebel troops from several prefectures to fight. Yanze struck and drove them off, pursuing north as far as Hezhou. He again broke the remaining partisans of Keliao, including Xie Xingben, and captured Luo Qijun. When the affair was pacified, a special edict praised and rewarded him, and he was immediately appointed pacification and inspection commissioner of the seven prefectures of Dongchuan.
102
全斌等得罪，延澤亦坐貶唐州教練使。 開寶中，起為供奉官，遷左藏庫副使。 坐與諸侄爭家財失官，居西洛卒。
When Quanbin and the others were punished for their crimes, Yanze was also demoted to training commissioner of Tangzhou. During Kaibao he was recalled as an attendant official and transferred to deputy commissioner of the Left Treasury. He lost his office for contending over family property with his nephews, dwelt in western Luoyang, and died there.
103
〈兄〉 延沼
〈Elder brother〉 Yanzhao
104
兄延沼，幼隸後唐明宗帳下。 仕晉祖，為尚食使，改散指揮使都虞候、興聖軍都指揮使，出為隨、澤二州刺史。
His elder brother Yanzhao served under the banner of Later Tang Emperor Mingzong from youth. He served Jin Emperor Gaozu as commissioner of imperial provisions, became adjutant of the scattered commanders and overall commander of the Xingsheng Army, and went out to serve as prefect of Sui and Ze Prefectures.
105
周祖北征，延沼與白文遇、李彥崇、曹奉金並從。 廣順中，為侍衛馬步軍都頭、領信州刺史。 從世宗征劉崇，率兵攻遼州，轉龍捷右廂都校、領岳州防禦使，真拜蔡齊鄭楚四州防禦使、晉潞二州兵馬鈐轄。
When the Zhou founder campaigned north, Yanzhao followed together with Bai Wenyu, Li Yancong, and Cao Fengjin. During Guangshun he was chief of the palace guard horse and foot armies and concurrently prefect of Xinzhou. He followed Emperor Shizong against Liu Chong, led troops to attack Liaozhou, was made commander of the Longjie Army's right wing and defensive commissioner of Yuezhou, and was formally appointed defensive commissioner of Cai, Qi, Zheng, and Chuzhou and military coordinator of Jin and Luzhou.
106
宋初，李重進叛，以延沼為前軍馬軍都指揮使。 建隆四年，改懷州防禦使。 乾德六年，命李繼勳等征河東，以延沼為先鋒都監。 太祖親征太原，以延沼宿將，熟練邊事，詔領兵屯潞州，會以疾歸郡。 開寶二年，卒，年五十八。
Early in the Song dynasty, when Li Chongjin rebelled, Yanzhao was made commander of the vanguard horse army. In Jianlong 4 he was made defensive commissioner of Huaizhou. In Qiande 6, when Li Jixun and others were ordered to campaign against Hedong, Yanzhao was made vanguard inspector. When the Founding Emperor personally campaigned against Taiyuan, Yanzhao—an old general well versed in frontier affairs—was ordered to garrison Luzhou with troops, but he fell ill and returned to his post. In Kaibao 2 he died, aged fifty-eight.
107
王繼濤
Wang Jitao
108
王繼濤，河朔人，少給事漢祖左右。 乾祐初，補供奉官，曆諸司副使。 仕周，為右武衛大將軍。 淮南平，為天長軍使。 顯德五年，遷和州刺史。
Wang Jitao was from Heshuo. In youth he served at the side of the Han founder. At the beginning of Qianyou he was appointed attendant official and served successively as deputy commissioner in various bureaus. Under the Zhou he was made grand general of the Right Martial Guard. When Huainan was pacified, he was made commissioner of the Tianchang Army. In Xiande 5 he was transferred to be prefect of Hezhou.
109
宋初，為左驍騎大將軍，再遷左神武大將軍，乾德二年，命護徒治安陵隧道。
Early in the Song dynasty he was made grand general of the Left Xiaoqi Guard, then transferred to grand general of the Left Shenwu Guard. In Qiande 2 he was ordered to supervise convict labor on the Anling tomb tunnel.
110
大軍伐蜀，為鳳州路砦使。 興元降，王全斌命繼濤權府事。 孟昶降，全斌又遣繼濤與供奉官王守訥部送昶歸闕。 守訥白全斌，言繼濤問昶求宮妓、金帛，全斌遂留繼濤，止令守訥送昶，俄詔以繼濤為彭州刺史。
When the imperial army campaigned against Shu, he was made fort commissioner of the Fengzhou route. When Xingyuan surrendered, Wang Quanbin ordered Jitao to administer the prefecture on a provisional basis. When Meng Chang surrendered, Quanbin again dispatched Jitao and attendant official Wang Shoune to escort Chang back to court. Shoune reported to Quanbin that Jitao had asked Chang for palace courtesans and gold and silk. Quanbin therefore kept Jitao behind and sent only Shoune to escort Chang. Shortly afterward an edict appointed Jitao prefect of Pengzhou.
111
綿州軍亂，劫全師雄為帥，率眾攻彭州，繼濤與都監李德榮拒之，德榮戰死，繼濤身被八槍，單騎走至成都。
The Mianzhou army mutinied, forced Quan Shixiong to serve as commander, and led the masses to attack Pengzhou. Jitao and army supervisor Li Derong resisted them. Derong fell in battle, Jitao took eight spear wounds, and fled alone on horseback to Chengdu.
112
素與通事舍人田欽祚有隙，會欽祚入朝，乃誣奏繼濤以他事。 太祖驛召繼濤，將面質之，道病卒。 詔曰：“故彭州刺史王繼濤，先登擊賊，身被重創，優典未加，齎志而歿。 故階州刺史高彥暉，帥師討賊，奮不顧命，垂老之年，殞身鋒鏑。 永言痛悼，不忘於懷。 宜各賜其家粟帛。”
He had long been at odds with communication officer Tian Qinzuo. When Qinzuo went to court, he falsely memorialized against Jitao on other grounds. The Founding Emperor summoned Jitao by post relay to confront him in person, but he died of illness on the road. An edict said, "The late Pengzhou prefect Wang Jitao was first to scale the walls and strike the rebels. He suffered grave wounds, yet extraordinary honors had not been granted when he died with his grievance unredressed. The late Jiezhou prefect Gao Yanhui led troops to suppress rebels, fought without regard for his life, and in his old age perished amid spear and arrow. We shall ever speak of this in grief and hold it in our hearts without forgetting. Each of their families should be granted grain and silk.
113
高彥暉
Gao Yanhui
114
高彥暉，薊州漁陽人。 仁契丹為瀛州守將。 世宗北征，以城來降，遷耀、階二州刺史。
Gao Yanhui was from Yuyang in Jizhou. He served the Khitans as garrison commander of Yingzhou. When Emperor Shizong campaigned north, he surrendered with his city and was transferred to be prefect of Yao and Jie Prefectures.
115
王師伐蜀，為歸州路先鋒都指揮使。 全師雄之亂，崔彥進遣彥暉與田欽祚共討之。 至導江，與賊遇，賊據隘路，設伏竹箐中，官軍至，遇伏發，遂不利。 彥暉謂欽祚曰：“賊勢張大，日將暮，請收兵，詰朝與戰。 ”欽祚欲遁，慮賊曳其後，乃紿之曰：“公食厚祿，遇賊畏縮，何也？ ”彥暉復麾兵進。 欽祚潛遁去。 彥暉獨與部下十餘騎力戰，皆死之，時年七十餘。
When the imperial army campaigned against Shu, he was made vanguard overall commander of the Guizhou route. During Quan Shixiong's rebellion, Cui Yanjin dispatched Yanhui and Tian Qinzuo to suppress him jointly. At Daojiang they met the rebels. The rebels held the narrow pass and set ambushes in bamboo thickets. When the imperial army arrived, the ambush was sprung and the battle went against them. Yanhui said to Qinzuo, "The rebels' force is swelling and the day is nearly spent. I ask that we withdraw the troops and fight tomorrow morning. Qinzuo wished to flee and feared the rebels would pursue him from behind. He therefore deceived him, saying, "You enjoy rich emoluments, yet when you meet the enemy you shrink back. Why is this? Yanhui again waved his troops forward. Qinzuo secretly fled. Yanhui alone, with a dozen or so riders under his command, fought desperately to the end. All were killed. He was then in his seventies.
116
彥暉老將，練習邊事，上聞其歿，甚痛惜，故並命優恤之。
Yanhui was an old general well versed in frontier affairs. When the emperor heard of his death, he was deeply grieved and therefore ordered generous consolation for both men together.
117
論曰：郭崇感激昔遇，發於垂涕。 太祖察其忠厚，亟焚思誨之奏。 雖魏文不強於楊彪，宋武無猜於徐廣，何以加之。 廷璋開懷以待罕孺，宋偓抗章以察重進，向拱獻謀以平上黨，乘時建功，各奮所長，有足尚者。 王彥超起自戎昭，曆典藩服，引年高蹈，武夫之貞； 至於自悔多殺，垂戒後裔，近乎仁人之用心。 張永德前朝勳伐，夙識太祖，潛懷尊奉，雖有橋公祖之知，而非人臣之不二心者矣。 乾德伐蜀之師，未七旬而降款至，諸將之功，何可泯也。 王全斌黷貨殺降，尋啟禍變，太祖罪之，而從八議之貸，斯得馭功臣之道。 延澤能相地險，豫謀屯備。 繼濤、彥暉，先登重傷，殞沒無避，咸可稱焉。
The historians comment: Guo Chong, moved by past kindness, expressed it in tears. The Founding Emperor perceived his loyalty and sincerity and swiftly burned Chen Sihui's memorial. Even if Wei Wendi did not pressure Yang Biao and Song Wudi bore no suspicion toward Xu Guang, how could one surpass this? Tingzhang received Hanru with an open heart; Song Wo submitted memorials to investigate Chongjin; Xiang Gong offered plans to pacify Shangdang. They seized the moment to achieve merit, each exerting his strengths—deeds worthy of admiration. Wang Yanchao rose from military service, successively governed frontier commands, cited age and withdrew to retirement—the steadfastness of a warrior; As for regretting his many killings and leaving warnings for his descendants, this approaches the mind of a benevolent man. Zhang Yongde was a meritorious minister of the previous dynasty who had known the Founding Emperor from early on and secretly harbored reverence for him. Though he had the discerning eye of Qiao Gongzu, he was not a minister of undivided loyalty. The army that campaigned against Shu in Qiande brought surrender within seventy days. How can the generals' merit be erased? Wang Quanbin coveted goods and killed those who surrendered, soon bringing calamity and rebellion. The Founding Emperor punished him yet granted the commutation under the Eight Deliberations—this is the way to manage meritorious subjects. Yanze could read terrain dangers and plan defenses in advance. Jitao and Yanhui, first to advance and gravely wounded, died without flinching—all are worthy of praise.