1
曹翰，大名人。 少為郡小吏，好使氣陵人，不為鄉里所譽。 乾祐初，周太祖鎮鄴，與語，奇之，以隸世宗帳下。 世宗鎮澶淵，署為牙校，入尹開封，留翰在鎮。 會太祖寢疾，翰不俟召，歸見世宗，密謂曰：「主上不豫，王為冢嗣，不侍醫藥而決事於外廷，失天下望。」 世宗悟，即入侍，以府事屬翰總決。
Cao Han came from Daming. As a young man he worked as a petty county clerk, prone to browbeating others, and won no esteem in his community. Early in the Qianyou reign, when the future Zhou Taizu was posted at Ye, he spoke with Han, took a liking to him, and assigned him to the heir apparent's staff. When the heir apparent took command at Chanyuan, he made Han a staff officer; when he went to govern Kaifeng as metropolitan prefect, he left Han behind at the post. When Taizu grew seriously ill, Han returned unbidden to see the heir apparent and said in private, "Your father is ill. As heir you ought to be at his bedside, not conducting state business in the outer court—the realm will think less of you." The heir apparent took the point, went in at once to nurse his father, and put Han in charge of all prefectural business.
2
及世宗即位，補供奉官，從征高平，參豫謀畫。 尋遷樞密承旨，護塞決河。 世宗征淮南，留鎧甲千數在正陽，既而得降卒八百，部送歸京師。 時翰適從京師來詣，過正陽十數里許遇之，慮劫兵器為叛，矯殺之。 及見世宗，具言其事，世宗不悅。 翰曰：「賊以困歸我，非心服也，所得器甲，盡在正陽，苟為所劫，是復生一淮南矣。」 因不之罪。 從征瓦橋關，會班師，留知雄州。 世宗大漸，諭范質等以王著為相，翰為宣徽使。 質以著嗜酒，翰飾詐而專，並寢之。 改德州刺史。
After the heir apparent became emperor, Han was appointed a palace attendant; he accompanied the Gaoping campaign and joined in strategic deliberations. He was soon made commissioner of the Bureau of Military Affairs and charged with frontier defense and river-control works. During Shizong's Huainan campaign, several thousand suits of armor were left at Zhengyang; later eight hundred captives were ordered escorted to the capital. Han happened to be traveling from the capital just then; a dozen li or so beyond Zhengyang he met the column, feared they might seize the stored arms and rise in revolt, and had them put to death on his own authority. When he reported what he had done, Shizong was displeased. Han replied, "They came to us beaten, not reconciled in heart. All the captured arms lie at Zhengyang—if they seized them, we would be facing a second Huainan uprising." On that account he went unpunished. He took part in the Waqiao Pass campaign; when the troops withdrew he was left in charge of Xiongzhou. As Shizong lay dying, he directed Fan Zhi and the others to appoint Wang Zhu chancellor and Han commissioner of the Palace Service. Fan Zhi, finding Zhu too fond of drink and Han too slippery and overbearing, shelved both appointments. Han was made prefect of Dezhou instead.
3
宋初，從征澤、潞，還，改濟州刺史。 乾德二年，太祖親征西蜀，移刺均州，澗谷深險，翰令鑿石通道，師旋以濟； 詔兼西南諸州轉運使，自石門徑趨歸州，餉運不乏，由夔、萬入會王全斌軍，成都以平。 時全師雄擁眾十萬餘據郫縣叛，謀窺成都，翰率兵會劉光毅、曹彬等討平之。 未幾，軍校呂翰殺武懷節，據嘉州以叛，翰及諸將奪其城。 諜知賊約三鼓復來攻，翰戒知更使緩，向晨猶二鼓，賊眾不集而潰，因而破之，劍南遂平。 師還，遷蔡州團練使。
Early in the Song he campaigned in Ze and Lu prefectures; when he returned he was transferred to Jizhou. In Qiande 2 (964), when Taizu marched in person against Shu, Han was posted to Junzhou. Where ravines were steep and narrow he had a rock-cut road opened so the returning army could pass. He was also named transport commissioner for the southwest, struck from Shimen straight toward Guizhou, and kept the supply lines full; marching through Kuizhou and Wanzhou he linked up with Wang Quanbin's forces, and Chengdu fell. Quan Shixiong meanwhile rallied over a hundred thousand men at Pixian in revolt, eyeing Chengdu; Han led forces to join Liu Guangyi, Cao Bin, and others in crushing the rebellion. Soon after, a company officer named Lü Han killed Wu Huaijie and seized Jiazhou; Cao Han and his colleagues took the city back. Intelligence reported the enemy meant to attack again at the third watch. Han told the timekeepers to beat the watches slowly—by daybreak they were still on the second watch, the rebels never assembled and melted away, and he routed them, bringing Jiannan under control. After the campaign he was made regimental commissioner of Caizhou.
4
開寶二年，從征太原，復為行營都壕砦使。 既班師，會河決澶州，令翰董其役，翰出銀器助役，沉所乘白馬以祭； 復決陽武，再護役，皆有成績。 將征江南，命翰率兵先赴荊南，改行營先鋒使，進克池州。 金陵平，江州軍校胡德、牙將宋德明據城拒命。 翰率兵攻之，凡五月而陷，屠城無噍類，殺兵八百。 所略金帛以億萬計，偽言欲致廬山東林寺鐵羅漢像五百頭於京師，因調巨艦百艘，載所得以歸。 錄功遷桂州觀察使、判潁州。
In Kaibao 2 (969) he joined the Taiyuan expedition and was again named chief of headquarters entrenchments and stockades. After the army came home, the Yellow River burst its banks at Chunzhou and Han was put in charge of the repair. He donated silverware to support the work and sacrificed his own white horse to the river; When it broke again at Yangwu he oversaw the work a second time, both efforts succeeding. Before the conquest of Jiangnan he was sent ahead into Jingnan as field-army vanguard and took Chizhou. Once Jinling had surrendered, the Jiangzhou officer Hu De and deputy Song Deming still held the city in defiance. Han besieged it for five months, then stormed it, slaughtering every living soul in the city and executing eight hundred troops. He looted wealth reckoned in the hundreds of millions, pretended he meant to ship five hundred iron arhat statues from Donglin Temple on Mount Lu to the capital, and requisitioned a hundred large vessels to carry his haul away. For his recorded merit he was made military commissioner of Guizhou and superintendent of Yingzhou.
5
太平興國四年，從征太原，為攻城南面都部署。 與崔彥進、李漢瓊、劉遇三節度分部攻城，翰攻東北，而劉遇攻西北，與劉繼元直，城尤險固，遇欲與翰易處，翰言：「觀察使班次下，當部東北。」 遇堅欲易之，數日不決。 上慮諸將不協，遣諭翰曰：「卿智勇無雙，西北面非卿不能當也。」 翰乃奉詔，築土山瞰城中，數日而就，繼元甚恐。 軍中乏水，城西十餘里谷中有娘子廟，翰往禱之，穿渠得水，人馬以給。 又從征幽州，率所部攻城東南隅，卒掘土得蟹以獻。 翰謂諸將曰：「蟹水物而陸居，失所也。 且多足，彼援將至，不可進拔之象，況蟹者解也，其班師乎？」 已而果驗。
In Taiping Xingguo 4 (979) he campaigned against Taiyuan as supreme commander of the southern siege. He, Cui Yanjin, Li Hanqiong, and Liu Yu split the siege: Han took the northeast, Liu Yu the northwest facing Liu Jiyuan's strongest walls. Yu wanted to trade sectors; Han said, "Your commission outranks mine in title but not in peril—the northeast is where you belong." Liu Yu pressed the swap for days without resolution. Worried the generals might quarrel, the emperor sent word to Han: "No one matches your skill—the northwest is yours alone to hold." Han obeyed, threw up an earth mound overlooking the walls in a few days, and Liu Jiyuan was shaken. When water ran short, Han prayed at the Lady's Shrine west of the city, opened a channel, and supplied the entire force. On the Youzhou campaign his men digging earth at the southeast corner found crabs and brought them to him. Han told the other commanders, "Crabs belong in the water yet live on land—they are out of their element. With all those legs, reinforcements are coming and we cannot take the city. And xie 'crab' puns on retreat—ought we not withdraw?" Soon after, events proved him right.
6
五年，從幸大名，拜威塞軍節度，仍判潁州，復命為幽州行營都部署。 詔督役開南河，自雄達莫，以通漕運，議築大堤以捍之。 翰遣徒數萬，伐巨木於漢境，遣騎五，授五色旗為斥候，前遇丘陵、水澤、寇賊、煙火，則各舉其旗以為應，又起烽燧於境上，敵疑不敢近塞，得巨木數萬以濟用，訖事歸鎮。
In year 5 he accompanied the court to Daming, was made commissioner of the Weisai army while retaining Yingzhou, and was again named supreme commander of the Youzhou field headquarters. He was ordered to open the Southern Canal from Xiongzhou to Damo for transport and to raise a great dike against floods. He sent tens of thousands of men into Liao territory to fell great trees, posted five riders with colored signal banners to mark hills, wetlands, raiders, and fires, lit frontier beacons so enemies kept their distance, brought back tens of thousands of timbers for the works, then returned to his post.
7
翰在郡歲久，征斂苛酷，政因以弛。 上以其有功，每優容之。 會汝陰令孫崇望詣闕，訴翰私市兵器，所為多不法。 詔遣御史滕中正乘傳鞫之，獄具，當棄市，上貸其罪，削官爵，流錮登州。 雍熙二年，起為右千牛衛大將軍、分司西京。 四年，召入為左千牛衛上將軍，賜錢五百萬，白金五千兩。 淳化三年，卒，年六十九，贈太尉。 上命遷其四子守謙、守能、守節、守貴官，其六子守讓、守贄、守澄、守恩、守英、守吉皆補殿直。
After long years in command his exactions grew merciless and governance slackened. The emperor indulged him because of past service. When Ruyin magistrate Sun Chongwang reached court and charged Han with illicit arms dealing and other crimes. Teng Zhongzheng was sent to investigate; the case warranted death, but the emperor commuted the sentence, stripped his titles, and banished him to Dengzhou. In Yongxi 2 (985) he was restored as general of the Right Palace Gate Corps with nominal duty at Luoyang. In Yongxi 4 he was recalled as senior general of the Left Palace Gate Corps and given five million cash and five thousand taels of silver. He died in Chunhua 3 (992) at sixty-nine and was posthumously honored as Grand Councilor. Four sons were advanced in office; six others were appointed palace attendants.
8
翰陰狡多智數，好誇誕，貪冒貨賂，飲酒至數斗不亂。 每奏事上前，雖數十條，皆默識不少差。 嘗作《退將詩》曰：「曾因國難披金甲，恥為家貧賣寶刀。」 翰直禁日，因語及之。 上憫其意，故有銀錢之賜。 咸平元年，賜諡武毅。
Secretly crafty and calculating, he loved grandiose talk, coveted bribes, and could drink several dozen cups without staggering. When he reported at court on dozens of points, he recalled every one without a slip. He once wrote a "Retired General" poem: "I wore golden armor in the nation's peril; I would be shamed to sell my treasured blade for poverty." On palace duty he happened to mention the lines. The emperor, moved by the hint, made the silver and cash grant. In Xianping 1 (998) he received the posthumous name Steadfast Martial.
9
楊信，瀛州人。 初名義。 顯德中，隸太祖麾下為裨校。 宋初，權內外馬步軍副都軍頭。 建隆二年，領賀州刺史。 改鐵騎、控鶴都指揮使，遷殿前都虞候，領漢州防禦使。 乾德初，親郊，為儀仗都部署。 四年，信病瘖，上幸其第，賜錢二百萬。 五年，改靜江軍節度。 開寶二年，散指揮都知杜廷進等將為不軌，謀泄，夜啟玄武門，召信逮捕，遲明，十九人皆獲，上親訊而誅之。 六年，遷殿前都指揮使，改領建武軍節度。
Yang Xin came from Yingzhou. He was originally named Yi. In the Xiande era he served under Taizu as a deputy officer. Early in the dynasty he was acting deputy commander of the inner and outer horse and foot forces. In Jianlong 2 (961) he received Hezhou prefecture. He commanded the Iron Cavalry and Cranes regiments, rose to deputy commander of the Palace Front Corps, and held the Hanzhou defense commission. When Taizu performed the suburban rites in early Qiande, Xin directed the ceremonial guard. In Qiande 4 he lost his voice to illness; the emperor visited his home and gave him two million cash. In year 5 he was made military commissioner of Jingjiang. In Kaibao 2 (969), Du Tingjin of the Scattered Command regiment and others plotted treason; when the plot surfaced, they opened the Xuanwu Gate at night and called Xin to make arrests; by dawn all nineteen were in custody, and the emperor examined and executed them himself. In year 6 he became commander of the Palace Front and military commissioner of Jianwu.
10
太祖嘗令御龍直習水戰於後池，有鼓噪聲，信居玄武門外，聞之，遽入，服皂綈袍以見。 上謂曰：「吾教水戰爾，非有他也。」 出，上目送之，謂左右曰：「真忠臣也。」 九年，授義成軍節度。 太平興國二年，改鎮寧軍，並領殿前都指揮使。 三年春，以瘖疾在告，俄卒，贈侍中。
Once when Taizu had the Imperial Dragon guard practicing on the rear pond and a hubbub arose, Xin, stationed outside the Xuanwu Gate, rushed in wearing a plain black robe. The emperor said, "I am only drilling them in river fighting—nothing more." As Xin left, the emperor watched him go and told attendants, "There is a true loyal minister." In year 9 he received the Yicheng military commission. In Taiping Xingguo 2 he was moved to Zhenning while keeping command of the Palace Front. In spring of year 3, on leave for his muteness, he died soon after and was posthumously honored as Palace Attendant.
11
信雖瘖疾而質實自將，善部分士卒，指顧申儆，動有紀律，故見信任，而終始無疑焉。 有童奴田玉者，能揣度其意，每上前奏事，及與賓客談論，或指揮部下，必回顧玉，書掌為字，玉因直達其意無失。 信未死前一日，瘖疾忽愈，上聞而駭之，遽幸其第。 信自言遭遇兩朝，恩寵隆厚，敘謝感慨，涕泗橫集。 上加慰勉，錫賚有差。 信弟嗣、贊。
Though mute, he was steady and self-possessed, adept at organizing troops, precise in command and warning, and disciplined in movement—trusted throughout without a shadow of suspicion. A young servant named Tian Yu could read his mind; whenever Xin appeared at court, entertained guests, or issued orders, he would turn and write on Yu's palm, and Yu never missed his meaning. The day before he died his voice suddenly returned; the emperor, alarmed, hurried to his house. Xin spoke of serving two reigns with lavish grace, thanked him with feeling, and wept freely. The emperor consoled him and sent graded gifts. His younger brothers were Si and Zan.
12
弟嗣
Younger Brother: Si
13
嗣，建隆初以信薦為殿直，三遷崇儀副使、大山軍監軍。 雍熙四年，就命知軍事。 代還，以吏民借留再任，俄遷高陽關戰櫂都監。 淳化二年，改知保州，門無私謁。 轉運使言其治狀，優遷威虜軍，改崇儀使，與曹思進同為靜戎軍、保州、長城、蒲城緣邊都巡檢使。 改如京使，再知保州，有戰功。
Early in Jianlong, Si entered service as a palace attendant on his brother's recommendation and rose through three promotions to vice commissioner of the Ceremonial Guard and inspector of the Dashan army. In Yongxi 4 he was appointed to full command on the spot. When his tour ended the locals petitioned to keep him; he was soon made director of war boats at Gaoyang Pass. In Chunhua 2 he was assigned Baozhou and kept his gate free of favor-seekers. The transport commissioner praised his administration; he was promoted into the Weilu command, made Ceremonial Guard commissioner, and with Cao Sijin was named overall frontier inspector for Jingrong, Baozhou, Changcheng, and Pucheng. Made capital envoy, he governed Baozhou again with combat honors.
14
真宗即位，加洛苑使。 咸平初，領獎州刺史。 三年，與敵人戰於廉良，斬首二千級，獲戰馬輜重甚眾，以功真拜保州刺史。 召還，授本州團練使。 時楊延昭方為刺史，嗣言：「嘗與延昭同官，驟居其上，不可，願守舊官。」 上嘉其讓，乃遷延昭官。 嗣與延昭久居北邊，俱以善戰聞，時謂之「二楊」。 嗣以武人治郡，不屑細務，又兼領巡徼，在郡日少，城堞圮壞，有未葺者，詔供備庫副使趙彬代之，改深州團練都巡檢使兼保州鈐轄。
At Zhenzong's accession he was made Luoyuan commissioner. Early in Xianping he held Jiang prefecture. In year 3 he fought at Lianliang, took two thousand heads and great spoil, and for that merit received Baozhou in full commission. Recalled, he was made regimental commissioner of the prefecture. Yang Yanzhao was then prefect of Baozhou; Si said, "We once served as equals—I cannot step above him now and prefer my former rank." The emperor praised his modesty and promoted Yanzhao instead. Having long served on the northern front, both were famed fighters and were known as "the Two Yangs." A fighter governing a prefecture, Si scorned paperwork and was often away on patrol; walls crumbled unrepaired, so Supply Vice Commissioner Zhao Bin replaced him as prefect while Si became Shenzhou's frontier inspector and Baozhou's military controller.
15
五年，邊人寇保州，嗣與楊延昭禦之，部伍不整，為所襲。 士馬多亡失，代還，特宥其罪。 明年，與防秋之策，條陳北面利害，以其練達邊事，出為鎮、定、高陽關三路後陣鈐轄，移定州副都部署，留其家京師，假官第以居。
In year 5 raiders struck Baozhou; Si and Yanzhao met them with ranks in disarray and were ambushed. Many men and mounts were lost; on rotation he was specially forgiven. The next year he joined the autumn-defense council, laid out the northern frontier in detail, and—trusted for border expertise—was posted as rear-echelon controller for Zhen, Ding, and Gaoyang Pass, made deputy supreme commander at Dingzhou, and left his family in the capital in a lent official mansion.
16
景德初，改鎮州路副都部署。 上以嗣耄年總軍政，慮有廢闕，旋命代之。 連為趙、貝、深三州部署。 大中祥符五年，復出為天雄軍副都部署。 六年，以左龍武大將軍致仕。 明年卒，年八十一。 錄其子承憲為侍禁。
Early in Jingde he was made deputy supreme commander of the Zhenzhou circuit. The emperor, fearing lapses as Si grew old in overall command, soon replaced him. He served in turn as deployer for Zhao, Bei, and Shen prefectures. In Dazhong Xiangfu 5 (1012) he was again posted as deputy supreme commander of the Tianxiong army. In year 6 he retired as general of the Left Martial Dragon Corps. He died the next year at eighty-one. His son Chengxian was enrolled as a palace guard attendant.
17
贊稍知書，無異能，以兄故得掌禁旅，累資朝著至牧守焉。
Zan had modest learning and no special gifts; through his brother he commanded the palace guard and, by seniority at court, rose to governorships.
18
党進，朔州馬邑人。 幼給事魏帥杜重威，重威愛其淳謹，及壯，猶令與姬妾雜侍。 重威敗，進以膂力隸軍伍。 周廣順初，補散指揮使，累遷鐵騎都虞候。 宋初，轉本軍都校、領欽州刺史，遷馬步軍副都軍頭、領虔州團練使，改虎捷右廂都指揮使、領睦州防禦使。 建隆二年，改領閬州。 乾德初，改龍捷左廂都虞候、領利州觀察使。 後四年，權步軍。 杜審瓊卒，命進代領其務。 五年，領彰信軍節度兼侍衛步軍都指揮使。
Dang Jin came from Mayi in Shuozhou. As a boy he served the Wei commander Du Chongwei, who prized his plain honesty and, even after he came of age, still kept him waiting among the concubines. After Chongwei's defeat, Jin joined the ranks on his physical strength. Early in the Guangshun reign he entered the Scattered Command and rose to deputy commander of the Iron Cavalry. Early in the Song he became regimental colonel and Qinzhou prefect, rose to deputy commander of the horse and foot armies with the Qianzhou regimental commission, and was made commander of the right Tiger Swift column and Muzhou defense commissioner. In Jianlong 2 he was transferred to Langzhou. Early in Qiande he became deputy commander of the left Dragon Swift column and military commissioner of Lizhou. Four years later he held acting command of the foot army. When Du Shenqiong died, Jin was ordered to take over his post. In year 5 he held the Zhangxin military commission and command of the Palace Guard foot army.
19
進出戎行，形貌魁岸，居常恂恂，每擐甲胄，毛發皆豎。 進名進，自稱曰暉，人問之，則曰：「吾欲從吾便耳。」 先是，禁中軍校，自都虞候已上，悉書所掌兵數於梃上，如笏記焉。 太祖一日問進所掌幾何，進不識字，但舉梃以示於上曰：「盡在是矣。」 上以其樸直，益厚之。 嘗受詔巡京師，閭里間有畜養禽獸者，見必取而縱之，罵曰：「買肉不將供父母，反以飼禽獸乎。」 太宗嘗令親吏臂鷹雛於市，進亟欲放之，吏曰：「此晉王鷹也。」 進乃戒之曰：「汝謹養視。」 小民傳以為笑，其變詐又如此。 杜重威子孫有貧困者，進分月俸給之，士大夫或有愧焉。 子崇義閑廄使，崇貴閤門祗候。
A career soldier of towering build, he was mild in peacetime, yet the moment he buckled on armor his hair bristled. His name was Jin, but he called himself Hui; when asked why, he said, "I want it my own way." Palace guard officers from deputy commander up used to inscribe their troop counts on their batons, like notes on a court tablet. Once Taizu asked how many men he commanded; illiterate, Jin simply raised his baton and said, "It's all right here." The emperor prized his plain honesty and favored him all the more. Patrolling the capital on imperial orders, he seized and released every caged bird or beast he found, scolding, "You buy meat for birds instead of your parents?" Once when Taizong had an attendant carry a hawk through the market, Jin moved to release it; the man said, "This is the Prince of Jin's hawk." Jin then warned him, "Mind you care for it well." Common folk laughed at the story—his shifty side showed just as plainly. He shared his monthly salary with impoverished descendants of Du Chongwei, to the shame of some scholar-officials. His sons Chongyi served as spare-stable commissioner and Chonggui as a gate attendant.
20
李漢瓊
Li Hanqiong
21
李漢瓊，河南洛陽人。 曾祖裕，祁州刺史。 漢瓊體質魁岸，有膂力。 晉末，補西班衛士，遷內殿直。 周顯德中，從征淮南，先登，遷龍旗直副都知，改左射指揮使。 宋初，再遷鐵騎第二軍都校、領饒州刺史，遷控鶴左廂都校、領瀘州刺史，改澄州團練使，轉虎捷左廂都指揮使、領融州防禦使，遷侍衛馬軍都虞候、領洮州觀察使。
Li Hanqiong came from Luoyang in Henan. His great-grandfather Yu had been prefect of Qizhou. Hanqiong was powerfully built and immensely strong. Late in Jin he joined the Western Shift guard and rose to inner palace attendant. In the Xiande era he campaigned in Huainan, was first over the wall, rose to deputy commander of the Dragon Banner guard, and became commander of the Left Archers. Early in the Song he became colonel of the second Iron Cavalry regiment and Raozhou prefect, then colonel of the left Cranes column and Luzhou prefect, regimental commissioner of Chengzhou, commander of the left Tiger Swift column and Rongzhou defense commissioner, and deputy commander of the Palace Guard horse army with the Taozhou military commission.
22
王師征江南，命領行營騎軍兼戰櫂左廂都指揮使，自蘄春攻岐口砦，斬首數千級，獲樓船數百艘，沿流拔池州，破銅陵，取當塗，作浮梁於牛渚以濟大軍。 分圍金陵，率所部度秦淮，取巨艦實葦其中，縱火攻其水砦，拔之。 江南平，以功領振武軍節度。
In the Jiangnan campaign he led the field cavalry and left war-boat column, stormed Qikou stockade from Qichun with thousands of heads taken and hundreds of tower ships captured, seized Chizhou, Tongling, and Dangtu along the river, and threw a pontoon bridge at Niuzhu to ferry the main army. Joining the siege of Jinling, he crossed the Qinhuai, packed great ships with reeds, burned the enemy river fort, and took it. When Jiangnan fell he received the Zhenwu military commission for his merit.
23
太平興國二年，出為彰德軍節度。 四年，太宗親征太原，改攻城都部署。 漢瓊與牛思進主攻城南偏，漢瓊先登，矢集其腦，並中指，傷甚猶力疾戰。 上召至幄殿，賜良藥以慰勞之。 先是，攻城者以牛革冒木上，士卒蒙之而進，謂之洞子。 上欲幸其中，以勞士卒，漢瓊極諫，以為矢石之下，非萬乘之尊所宜輕往，上乃止。 太原平，改鎮州兵馬鈐轄。
In Taiping Xingguo 2 he was posted as military commissioner of Zhangde. In year 4 Taizong marched on Taiyuan in person and made him supreme commander of the assault. With Niu Sijin he led the southern assault; first over the wall, he took arrows in the head and a finger, yet fought on despite grave wounds. The emperor summoned him to the tent hall and gave him fine medicines in reward. Assault troops had covered timber frames with oxhide for soldiers to advance beneath—called tunnel shields. The emperor meant to enter one to encourage the troops; Hanqiong strongly urged that under flying missiles the Son of Heaven ought not go lightly, and the emperor desisted. After Taiyuan fell he was made military controller of Zhenzhou.
24
契丹數萬騎寇中山，漢瓊與戰於滿城，大敗之，逐至遂城，俘斬萬計，加檢校太尉。 車駕幸大名，漢瓊上謁，陳邊事稱旨，命為滄州都部署，加賜戰馬、金甲、寶劍、戎具以寵之。 六年，以病還京，賜白金萬兩，月餘卒，年五十五，贈中書令。
When Khitan raiders in the tens of thousands struck Zhongshan, he routed them at Mancheng, pursued to Suicheng, and took ten thousand heads and captives, receiving the honorary title Grand Guardian. When the court visited Daming, his frontier briefing pleased the emperor, who named him supreme commander of Cangzhou and added war horses, golden armor, a treasured sword, and kit as marks of favor. In year 6 he returned ill to the capital, received ten thousand taels of silver, and died a month later at fifty-five, posthumously honored as Director of the Secretariat.
25
漢瓊性木強，使酒難近，然善戰有功。 無子，弟漢贇、漢彬。 太平興國初，漢贇補供奉官，嘗監高陽關、平戎軍，乘傳衢、婺二州，捕劇賊程白眉數十人，悉殲焉。 累仕崇儀使、知寧州，大中祥符七年卒。 漢彬至禮賓副使。
Stubborn and hard-drinking, he was not easy company, yet he fought well and earned merit. He left no sons; his younger brothers were Hanyun and Hanbin. Early in Taiping Xingguo, Hanyun became a palace attendant, supervised Gaoyang Pass and Pingrong army, rode post through Qu and Wu prefectures, and wiped out dozens of bandits led by Cheng Baimei. He rose to Ceremonial Guard commissioner and Ningzhou prefect and died in Dazhong Xiangfu 7. Hanbin rose to vice commissioner of Ceremonial Reception.
26
劉遇，滄州清池人。 少魁梧有膂力。 周祖鎮大名，隸帳下。 廣順初，補控鶴都頭，改副指揮使。 宋初，遷御馬直指揮使，俄領漢州刺史，改領眉州。 累遷控鶴右廂都指揮使、領瓊州團練使。 從征太原，以功遷虎捷右廂，改領蔚州防禦使。 開寶六年，轉侍衛步軍都虞候、領洮州觀察使。 征江南，領步軍戰櫂都指揮使。 時吳兵三萬屯皖口，遇會諸路兵破之，擒其將朱令贇、王暉等，獲戎器數萬，金陵以平，錄功加領大同軍節度。 車駕雩祀西洛，命率禁衛以從。
Liu Yu came from Qingchi in Cangzhou. As a youth he was tall and powerfully built. When the Zhou founder was posted at Daming, he served on his staff. Early in Guangshun he became a Cranes company head and then deputy commander. Early in the Song he became commander of the Imperial Horse guard, soon held Hanzhou, then Meizhou. He rose to commander of the right Cranes column and regimental commissioner of Qiongzhou. On the Taiyuan campaign he was moved to the right Tiger Swift column and made Weizhou defense commissioner for his merit. In Kaibao 6 he became deputy commander of the Palace Guard foot army and Taozhou military commissioner. In the Jiangnan campaign he commanded the foot army war-boat forces. When thirty thousand Wu troops held Wankou, Yu joined forces from every route, crushed them, captured generals Zhu Lingyun and Wang Hui, seized vast stores of arms, and helped bring Jinling down—earning the Datong military commission. When the court performed rain-prayer rites at Luoyang, he led the palace guard in attendance.
27
太平興國二年，出為彰信軍節度。 四年，征太原，與史珪攻城北面，平之。 進攻范陽，師還，坐所部失律，責授宿州觀察使。 五年，從幸大名，復保靜軍節度、幽州行營都部署，護築保州、威虜、靜戎、平塞、長城五城。 八年，徙鎮滑州。 晨興方對客，足有灸瘡痛，其醫謂火毒不去，故痛不止。 遇即解衣，取刀割瘡至骨，曰：「火毒去矣。」 談笑如常時，旬餘乃差。 遇性淳謹，待士有禮，尤善射，太宗待之甚厚。 雍熙二年，卒，年六十六，贈侍中，歸葬京師。
In Taiping Xingguo 2 he was posted as military commissioner of Zhangxin. In year 4 he campaigned against Taiyuan, with Shi Gui took the north face of the city, and brought it down. On the advance against Fanyang, when the army withdrew he was punished for disciplinary failures in his command and demoted to Suzhou military commissioner. In year 5 he accompanied the court to Daming, was restored to the Baojing commission and supreme commander of the Youzhou field army, and oversaw building the five frontier cities Baozhou, Weilu, Jingrong, Pingsai, and Changcheng. In year 8 he was transferred to Huazhou. One morning while entertaining guests his foot ached from a moxibustion sore; the physician said lingering fire toxin kept the pain from easing. Yu stripped, took a knife, and cut the sore to the bone, saying, "The fire toxin is gone." He chatted and laughed as usual and was healed in little more than ten days. Plain and respectful, courteous to gentlemen, and an exceptional archer, he enjoyed Taizong's deep favor. He died in Yongxi 2 at sixty-six, was posthumously honored as Palace Attendant, and was buried in the capital.
28
李懷忠
Li Huaizhong
29
李懷忠，涿州范陽人。 初名懷義。 太祖掌禁兵時，隸帳下為散都頭，累遷殿前都指揮使、都虞候、領開州刺史。 乾德中，授東西班都指揮使，改領富州。 開寶中，從太祖征晉陽，累月未下。 會盛暑，欲班師以休息士卒，懷忠謂：「賊嬰孤城，內無儲偫，外無援兵，其勢危困，若急攻之，破在旦夕，臣願奮銳為士卒先。」 會大熱，戰不利，懷忠中流矢，力疾戰益奮。 還授散指揮使，遷富州團練使，改日騎左右廂都指揮使。
Li Huaizhong came from Fanyang in Zhuozhou. He was originally named Huaiyi. When Taizu commanded the palace guard he served on his staff as a company head and rose to commander and deputy commander of the Palace Front and Kaizhou prefect. In Qiande he became commander of the Eastern and Western Shift guards and was transferred to Fuzhou. In Kaibao he followed Taizu's siege of Jinyang, which dragged on for months. In the midsummer heat the emperor meant to withdraw and rest the troops; Huaizhong said, "They cling to an isolated city with no stores within and no relief without—press the attack and they fall within days; let me lead the charge." In the fierce heat the assault faltered; struck by an arrow, he fought on all the harder. On return he was made an officer of the Scattered Command, regimental commissioner of Fuzhou, and commander of the left and right Sun-Horse columns.
30
上幸西京，愛其地形勢得天下中正，有留都之意。 懷忠乘間進曰：「東京有汴渠之漕，歲致江、淮米數百萬斛，禁衛數十萬人仰給於此，帑藏重兵皆在焉。 根本安固已久，一旦遽欲遷徙，臣實未見其利。」 上嘉納之。
Visiting Luoyang, the emperor admired its central position and considered making it the permanent capital. Huaizhong seized a moment to say, "The Eastern Capital feeds on Bian Canal transport—millions of hu from the Yangtze and Huai yearly—and hundreds of thousands of guards and the treasury depend on it. The foundation has stood firm for ages—I see no gain in moving it now." The emperor praised the advice and accepted it.
31
米信，舊名海進，本奚族，少勇悍，以善射聞。 周祖即位，隸護聖軍。 從世宗征高平，以功遷龍捷散都頭。 太祖總禁兵，以信隸麾下，得給使左右，遂委心焉，改名信，署牙校。 及即位，補殿前指揮使，遷直長。 平揚州日，信執弓矢侍上側，有遊騎將迫乘輿，射之，一發而斃。 遷內殿直指揮使。 開寶元年，改殿前指揮使、領郴州刺史。
Mi Xin, formerly Haijin, was of Xi stock; as a youth he was fierce and famed for archery. When the Zhou founder took the throne, he joined the Imperial Guard army. He followed Shizong at Gaoping and rose to company head of the Dragon Swift scattered command for his merit. When Taizu took command of the palace guard he kept Xin at his side, won his full trust, renamed him Xin, and made him a staff officer. At his accession Xin became commander of the Palace Front and chief attendant. When Yangzhou fell, Xin stood bow in hand beside the emperor; a roaming horseman bore down on the carriage—one shot dropped him dead. He was made commander of the inner palace attendants. In Kaibao 1 he became commander of the Palace Front and Chenzhou prefect.
32
太宗即位，轉散都頭指揮使，繼領高州團練使。 太平興國三年，遷領洮州觀察使。 四年，征太原，命為行營馬步軍指揮使，與田重進分督行營諸軍。 幷人潛師來犯，信擊敗之，殺其將裴正。 幷州平，遂移兵攻范陽。 師還，以功擢保順軍節度使。 時信族屬多在塞外，會其兄子全自朔州奮身來歸，召見，俾乘傳詣代州，伺間迎致其親屬，發勁卒護送之。 既而全宿留逾年，邊境斥候嚴，竟不能致。 信慷慨歎曰：「吾聞忠孝不兩立，方思以身徇國，安能復顧親戚哉！」 北望號慟，戒子侄勿復言。 五年，命與郭守贇等同護定州屯兵。 六年秋，遷定州駐泊部署。 八年，改領彰化軍節度使。
At Taizong's accession he became commander of the scattered company heads and then regimental commissioner of Gaozhou. In Taiping Xingguo 3 he was made Taozhou military commissioner. In year 4 he campaigned against Taiyuan as commander of the field horse and foot armies, sharing oversight of the field forces with Tian Zhongjin. When Bing troops struck in a stealth column, Xin routed them and killed their general Pei Zheng. After Bingzhou fell, he marched on Fanyang. On the army's return he was made military commissioner of Baoshun for his merit. Many of his kin still lived beyond the frontier; when his nephew Quan risked his life coming from Shuozhou, Xin was sent post-haste to Daizhou to fetch the rest, with crack troops as escort. Quan lingered over a year, frontier watch was tight, and the kin never came. Xin sighed, "Loyalty and filial piety cannot both stand—I mean to give my life to the state; how can I think of kin now?" He wailed toward the north and forbade his sons and nephews to raise it again. In year 5 he was ordered with Guo Shouyun and others to guard the Dingzhou garrison. In autumn of year 6 he became deployer of the Dingzhou garrison. In year 8 he was made military commissioner of Zhanghua.
33
雍熙三年，征幽薊，命信為幽州西北道行營馬步軍都部署，敗契丹於新城。 契丹率眾復來戰，王師稍卻，信獨以麾下龍衛卒三百禦敵，敵圍之數重，矢下如雨，信射中數人，麾下士多死。 會暮，信持大刀，率從騎大呼，殺數十人，敵遂小卻，信以百餘騎突圍得免。 坐失律，議當死，詔特原之，責授右屯衛大將軍。 明年，復授彰武軍節度。
In Yongxi 3 he campaigned in You and Ji as supreme commander of the northwest field horse and foot and routed the Khitan at Xincheng. The Khitan returned in force; as the imperial army fell back, Xin alone held them with three hundred Dragon Guards, ringed by enemies and arrows like rain; he killed several but many of his men died. At dusk he seized a great blade, led a charge that killed dozens, forced a slight enemy pullback, and broke out with a little over a hundred horsemen. Punished for breach of discipline with death on the books, he was specially pardoned and demoted to general of the Right Garrison Guard Corps. The next year he received the Zhangwu military commission again.
34
端拱初，詔置方田，以信為邢州兵馬都部署以監之。 二年，改鎮橫海軍。 信不知書，所為多暴橫，上命何承矩為之副，以決州事。 及承矩領護屯田，信遂專恣不法，軍人宴犒甚薄，嘗私市絹附上計吏，稱官物以免關征，上廉知之。 四年，召為右武衛上將軍。 明年，判左右金吾街仗事。 未逾月，吏卒以無罪被捶撻者甚眾。 強市人物，妻死買地營葬，妄發居民塚墓。 家奴陳贊老病，箠之致死，為其家人所告。 下御史鞫之，信具伏。 獄未上而卒，年六十七。 贈橫海軍節度。 子繼豐，內殿崇班、閤門祗候。
Early in Duangong, when equal-field land was ordered, Xin was made supreme commander of Xingzhou forces to oversee it. In year 2 he was transferred to the Henghai command. Illiterate and brutal in office, he was given He Chengju as deputy to decide state affairs. When Chengju took over garrison farming, Xin ruled lawlessly, stinted troop rewards, smuggled silk as official goods to evade duties—and the emperor learned of it. In year 4 he was recalled as senior general of the Right Martial Guard Corps. The next year he superintended the left and right Golden Crow street guards. Within a month he had flogged countless innocent clerks and soldiers. He extorted goods from the market, bought land for his wife's burial by opening commoners' graves, and seized plots by force. He beat his aged, ill slave Chen Zan to death, and the family brought charges. The censorate tried him and Xin confessed fully. He died at sixty-seven before the case reached court. He was posthumously honored with the Henghai military commission. His son Jifeng served in the inner palace honored company and as a gate attendant.
35
田重進
Tian Zhongjin
36
田重進，幽州人。 形質奇偉，有武力。 周顯德中，應募為卒，隸太祖麾下。 從征契丹，至陳橋還，遷御馬軍使，積功至瀼州刺史。 太平興國四年，從征太原還，錄功擢為天德軍節度使。 六年，改侍衛步軍指揮使。 八年，改領靜難軍節度使。 九年，河決滑州韓房村，重進總護其役，以劉吉為之副，河遂塞。
Tian Zhongjin came from Youzhou. He was imposing in build and possessed great martial strength. In the Xiande era he enlisted and served under Taizu. He campaigned against the Khitan, returned at Chenqiao, rose to commander of the Imperial Horse army, and through merit became Rangzhou prefect. In Taiping Xingguo 4 he returned from Taiyuan and was made military commissioner of Tiande for his recorded merit. In year 6 he became commander of the Palace Guard foot army. In year 8 he was made military commissioner of Jingnan. In year 9 the Yellow River burst at Hanfang in Huazhou; Zhongjin oversaw the repair with Liu Ji as deputy, and the breach was sealed.
37
雍熙中，出師北征，重進率兵傅飛狐城下，用袁繼忠計，伏兵飛狐南口，擒契丹驍將大鵬翼及其監軍馬贇、副將何萬通並渤海軍三千餘人，斬首數千級，俘獲以萬計，逐北四十里，連下飛狐、靈州等城。 進攻蔚州，其牙校李存璋等殺酋帥蕭啜理、執耿紹忠，率吏民來附。 會曹彬之師不利，乃命重進董師駐定州，遷定州駐泊兵馬都部署。 三年，率師入遼境，攻下岐溝關，殺守城兵千餘及獲牛馬輜重以還。 四年春，改彰信軍節度。
In the northern campaign of Yongxi he besieged Feihu, ambushed the southern pass on Yuan Jizhong's plan, captured the Khitan general Dapengyi with Ma Yun and He Wantong and over three thousand Bohai troops, took thousands of heads and tens of thousands of captives, pursued forty li, and seized Feihu, Lingzhou, and other cities in turn. At Weizhou his staff officer Li Cunzhang killed the chieftain Xiao Chuoli, seized Geng Shaozhong, and brought officials and people over. When Cao Bin's force faltered, he was put in charge at Dingzhou and made supreme commander of the garrison there. In year 3 he invaded Liao territory, took Qigou Pass, killed over a thousand defenders, and returned with cattle, horses, and baggage. In spring of year 4 he was transferred to the Zhangxin military commission.
38
淳化三年，改真定尹、成德軍節度。 未幾，移京兆尹、永興軍節度。 五年，改知延州，復還鎮。 至道三年，卒，年六十九，贈侍中。
In Chunhua 3 he became metropolitan prefect of Zhending and military commissioner of Chengde. Soon after he was moved to metropolitan prefect of Jingzhao and military commissioner of Yongxing. In year 5 he was assigned Yanzhou, then returned to his former command. He died in Zhidao 3 at sixty-nine and was posthumously honored as Palace Attendant.
39
重進不事學，太宗居藩邸時，愛其忠勇，嘗遺以酒炙不受，使者曰：「此晉王賜也，何為不受？」 重進曰：「為我謝晉王，我知有天子爾。」 卒不受。 上知其忠樸，故終始委遇焉。 子守信六宅使，守吉閤門祗候。
Zhongjin had no schooling; when Taizong was still in his princely residence he prized his loyalty and once sent wine and meat, which Zhongjin refused; the messenger said, "This is the Prince of Jin's gift—why refuse?" Zhongjin said, "Thank the Prince of Jin for me—I know only the Son of Heaven." He still would not accept. The emperor knew his loyal plainness and favored him throughout. His sons Shouxin served as commissioner of the Six Residences and Shouji as a gate attendant.
40
劉廷翰
Liu Tinghan
41
太宗北伐，既班師，上以邊備在於得人，乃命廷翰、李漢瓊率兵屯真定，崔彥進屯關南，崔翰屯定州。 冬，契丹果縱兵南侵。 廷翰先陣於徐河，彥進率師出黑蘆堤北，銜枚躡契丹後，崔翰、漢瓊兵繼至，合擊之，大敗其眾於滿城。 廷翰以功領大同軍節度、殿前都虞候。 八年，改領彰信軍節度。 雍熙四年春，改鎮滑、邢。 端拱中，鎮州駐泊馬步軍都部署郭守文卒，上特命廷翰代之。 淳化三年，改大名尹、天雄軍節度。 三年，以病求解官，還闕，上親臨問，賜賚有加。 未幾卒，年七十，贈侍中。
After Taizong's northern campaign withdrew, he posted Tinghan and Li Hanqiong at Zhending, Cui Yanjin south of the passes, and Cui Han at Dingzhou. That winter the Khitan duly invaded south. Tinghan drew up at the Xu River; Yanjin slipped behind the Khitan north of Heilu Embankment with gagged men; Cui Han and Hanqiong came up, and together they routed the enemy at Mancheng. For his merit he received the Datong military commission and became deputy commander of the Palace Front. In year 8 he was transferred to the Zhangxin military commission. In spring of Yongxi 4 he was transferred to Hua and Xing prefectures. During Duangong, when Guo Shouwen, supreme commander of the Zhenzhou garrison, died, the emperor named Tinghan to replace him. In Chunhua 3 he became metropolitan prefect of Daming and military commissioner of Tianxiong. Ill, he asked to resign, returned to court, and the emperor visited him in person with added gifts. He died soon after at seventy and was posthumously honored as Palace Attendant.
42
廷翰自衛士至上將，頗以武勇自任，寬厚容眾，雖不事威嚴，而長於御下。 為殿前都指揮使，入朝，常行眾中，每歷宮殿門，少識之者。 嘗與郊祀恩，當追封三世，廷翰少孤，其大父以上皆不逮事，忘其家諱，上為撰名親書賜之。 子贊元，宮苑使、澄州刺史； 贊明，皇城使、勤州團練使。
Rising from guard to senior general, he prided himself on martial courage, was generous with his men, and though not stern in manner excelled at command. As commander of the Palace Front he often walked unnoticed among the crowd at court, and few at the palace gates knew him. When suburban-sacrifice grace called for enfeoffing three generations, the orphaned Tinghan had forgotten his ancestors' taboo names; the emperor composed them and wrote them out himself. His son Zanyuan was palace-garden commissioner and Chengzhou prefect; Zanming was metropolitan guard commissioner and regimental commissioner of Qinzhou.
43
崔翰，字仲文，京兆萬年人。 少有大志，風姿偉秀，太祖見而奇之，以隸麾下。 從周世宗征淮南，平壽春，取關南，以功補軍使。 宋初，遷御馬直副指揮使，從征澤、潞。 開寶初，遷河東降民以實陝西地，晉人勇悍，多習武藝，命翰差擇之。 及閱試河北鎮兵，取其驍果者以分配天武兩軍。 九年，領端州刺史。
Cui Han, style name Zhongwen, came from Wannian in Jingzhao. Ambitious in youth and imposing in bearing, he caught Taizu's eye and entered his service. He followed Shizong in Huainan, took Shouchun and Guannan, and became an army officer for his merit. Early in the Song he became deputy commander of the Imperial Horse guard and campaigned in Ze and Lu. Early in Kaibao, when Hedong surrenderers were settled in Shaanxi, the fierce Jin people—many trained in arms—were put under Han's selection. Reviewing Hebei garrison troops, he drafted the boldest into the two Heavenly Martial armies. In year 9 he held Duanzhou prefecture.
44
四年，從征太原，命總侍衛馬步諸軍，率先攻城，流矢中其頰，神色不變，督戰益急，上即軍帳撫問之。 太原平，時上將有事幽薊，諸將以為晉陽之役，師罷餉匱，劉繼元降，賞賚且未給，遽有平燕之議，不敢言。 翰獨奏曰：「所當乘者勢也。 不可失者時也，取之易。」 上謂然，定議北伐。 既而班師，命諸將整暇以還。 至金臺驛，大軍南向而潰，上令翰率衛兵千餘止之。 翰請單騎往，至則諭以師律，眾徐以定，不戮一人。 既復命，上喜，因命知定州，得以便宜從事，緣邊諸軍並受節制，軍市租儲，得以專用。
In year 4 at Taiyuan he commanded all Palace Guard horse and foot, led the assault, took an arrow in the cheek without flinching, and pressed the fight harder—the emperor came to the tent to comfort him. After Taiyuan fell the emperor meant to move on You and Ji, but the generals, mindful of exhausted troops, empty stores, fresh surrender, and unpaid rewards, dared not speak against a Yan campaign. Han alone memorialized, "What we must ride is momentum. What we cannot lose is timing—the taking will be easy." The emperor agreed and fixed on a northern campaign. On withdrawal he ordered the generals to return in good order. At Jintai Post the army broke south in rout; the emperor sent Han with a thousand guards to halt it. He rode in alone, restored discipline by word alone, and calmed the host without executing a man. Reporting back, he pleased the emperor, who made him Dingzhou prefect with full discretion, command of all frontier armies, and sole use of garrison revenues.
45
冬，契丹兵數萬寇蒲城，翰會李漢瓊兵於徐河，河陽節度崔彥進兵自高陽關繼至，因合擊之。 契丹投西山坑谷中死者不可勝計，俘馘數萬，所獲他物又十倍焉。 以功擢武泰軍節度使。
That winter tens of thousands of Khitan raided Pucheng; Han joined Hanqiong at the Xu River, Yanjin came from Gaoyang Pass, and together they struck. Khitan dead in the western hills were beyond count; captives and heads ran to the tens of thousands, with ten times as much other spoil. For his merit he was made military commissioner of Wutai.
46
初，劉繼元降，上令翰往撫慰，俘略無得出城。 時秦王廷美以數十騎將冒禁出，翰嗬止之。 至是，構於上。 明年夏，出為感德軍節度使。 至鎮時，盜賊充斥，翰誘其渠魁，戒以禍福，群盜感悟，散歸農畝，境內肅然。
When Liu Jiyuan surrendered, Han was sent to reassure the people and forbid captives or loot to leave the city. When Prince of Qin Tingmei tried to ride out with several dozen men in defiance of the ban, Han shouted him down. By then he had slandered Han to the throne. The next summer he was posted as military commissioner of Gande. On reaching his post he persuaded bandit chiefs with warnings of fortune and ruin; they dispersed to the fields, and the territory grew quiet.
47
雍熙二年，移知滑州。 三年，北伐不利，上追念徐河之功，召翰為威虜軍行營兵馬都部署。 四年春，改鎮定國軍。 二年，移鎮鎮安軍。 淳化三年召還，以疾留京師。 稍間，入見上曰：「臣既以身許國，不願死於家，得以馬革裹屍足矣。」 上壯之，復令赴鎮，月餘卒，年六十三，贈侍中。
In Yongxi 2 he was assigned Huazhou. In year 3, when the northern campaign faltered, the emperor recalled his Xu River victory and named him supreme commander of the Weilu field army. In spring of year 4 he was transferred to the Dingguo command. In year 2 he was transferred to the Zhen'an command. Recalled in Chunhua 3, he stayed in the capital on account of illness. When somewhat recovered he told the emperor, "I have pledged my body to the state—I do not wish to die at home; horsehide for a shroud is enough." The emperor was moved, sent him back to his post, and he died a month later at sixty-three, posthumously honored as Palace Attendant.
48
翰驍勇有謀，所至多立功。 輕財好施，死之日家無餘貲。 晚年酷信釋氏。 子繼顒，虞部員外郎。 孫承業，內殿承制、閣閤門祗候； 承佑，內殿崇班。
Fierce, brave, and resourceful, he won merit wherever he served. Generous with wealth, he left nothing in his house when he died. In his later years he became ardently devoted to Buddhism. His son Jiyong was an outer vice director of the Parks Bureau. His grandson Chengye was an inner palace commissioner and Pavilion Gate attendant; Chengyou served in the inner palace honored company.
49
論曰：自曹翰而下，嘗任將帥居節鎮者凡十人，其初率由拳勇起家戎行，雖不事問學，而皆精白一心，以立事功。 始終匹休，而無韓、彭之禍者，由制御保全之有道也。 楊信以篤實，重進以忠樸，劉遇以淳謹，廷翰以武勇稱，故皆終始委遇而不替。 漢瓊雖木強使酒，米信所為雖多暴橫，党進恂恂類懷姦詐，懷忠論遷似昧大體； 然以征太原、平江南、戰徐河觀之，皆不害其為驍果也。 至於好謀善戰，輕財好施，所至立功，則未有優於曹翰、崔翰者也。 然不可與古之良將同日而語者，崔之論奏平燕，未免出於率爾； 而曹之殺降卒，屠江州，則又過於忍者也。 君子謂功莫優於二子，而過亦莫先於二子，信矣。
The commentators say: From Cao Han down, ten men in this chapter once held frontier commands. Most rose through raw courage in the ranks; though unlearned, each gave himself wholly to merit. They kept their standing to the end and escaped the fate of Han Xin and Peng Yue because the dynasty knew how to control and preserve its commanders. Yang Xin was valued for steadfast sincerity, Tian Zhongjin for loyal plainness, Liu Yu for respectful decorum, and Liu Tinghan for martial courage—each trusted without fail from first to last. Li Hanqiong was stubborn and hard-drinking; Mi Xin often brutal; Dang Jin looked humble yet seemed crafty; Li Huaizhong's argument against moving the capital seemed to miss the larger pattern— yet judged by Taiyuan, Jiangnan, and the Xu River, none of that kept them from being fierce fighters. In strategy, combat, generosity, and merit won wherever they served, none outdid Cao Han and Cui Han. Yet they cannot rank with the great generals of old: Cui's memorial urging a Yan campaign was somewhat rash; and Cao's killing of surrendered troops and the Jiangzhou massacre were excessively cruel. The noble-minded are right: in merit none surpassed those two, and in fault none led them either.