1
馬全義
Ma Quanyi
2
馬全義，幽州薊人。 十餘歲學擊劍，善騎射。 十五，隸魏帥范延光帳下。 延光叛，晉祖征之，以城降，悉籍所部來上。 全義在籍中，因補禁軍。 以不得志，遂遁去。 漢乾祐中，李守貞鎮河中，召置帳下。 及守貞叛，周祖討之，全義每率敢死士，夜出攻周祖壘，多所殺傷。 守貞貪而無謀，性多忌克，全義屢為畫策，皆不能用。 城陷，遂變姓名亡命。
Ma Quanyi was from Ji in Youzhou. From his teens he trained in swordplay and excelled at mounted archery. At fifteen he entered the service of Fan Yanguang, military governor of Wei. When Yanguang rebelled, the Jin founder attacked him; Yanguang surrendered the city and registered his entire command for imperial service. Quanyi was on the roll and was appointed to the Palace Corps. Unhappy with his prospects, he fled. During the Qianyou era of Later Han, Li Shouzhen governed Hezhong and took Quanyi onto his staff. When Shouzhen rebelled, the Zhou founder attacked him; Quanyi repeatedly led dare-to-die troops in night raids on the Zhou camp, killing and wounding many. Shouzhen was greedy, unstrategic, and jealous; Quanyi often advised him, but none of his counsel was heeded. When the city fell, he changed his name and fled.
3
周廣順初，世宗鎮澶淵，全義往事之。 從世宗入朝，周祖召見，補殿前指揮使，謂左右曰：「此人忠於所事，昔在河中，屢挫吾軍，汝等宜效之。」 世宗即位，遷右番行首。 從世宗戰高平，以功遷散員指揮使。 從征淮南，以功遷殿前指揮使、右番都虞候。 恭帝即位，授鐵騎左第二軍都校，領播州刺史。
At the start of Guangshun, Shizong governed Chanyuan and Quanyi went to serve him. When he followed Shizong to court, Taizu of Zhou summoned him, made him commander of the Front Palace Guard, and told his attendants, "This man was loyal to his master; at Hezhong he repeatedly beat our army—you should emulate him." When Shizong took the throne, Quanyi was made chief of the right rotating guard. He fought with Shizong at Gaoping and, for merit, was promoted commander of miscellaneous guard troops. On the Huainan campaign he rose to commander of the Front Palace Guard and chief adjutant of the right guard. When Gongdi succeeded, he was made commander of the second left-wing Iron Cavalry company and regimental commissioner of Bozhou.
4
宋初，歷內殿直都知、控鶴左廂都校，領果州團練使。 從征李筠，筠退保澤州，城小而固，攻之未下，太祖患之，召全義賜食御榻前問計，對曰：「筠守孤城，若並力急攻，立可殄滅，儻緩之，適足長其奸爾。」 太祖曰：「此吾心也。」 即麾兵急擊之。 全義率敢死士數十人乘城，攀堞而上，為飛矢貫臂，流血被體。 全義拔鏃臨敵，士氣益奮，遂克其城。 遷虎捷左廂都校，領睦州防禦使。 又從征李重進，領控鶴、虎捷兩軍為後殿。 賊平班師，錄功居多，改龍捷左廂都校，領江州防禦使，俄被疾。 太祖遣太醫診視，仍諭密旨曰：「俟疾間，當授以河陽節制。」 全義疾已亟，但叩頭謝。 數日卒，年三十八。 特贈檢校太保、大同軍節度使。 子知節。
Early in the Song he served as director of the Inner Hall Direct Guard and commander of the left wing of Crane Control, and was made regimental commissioner of Guozhou. On the campaign against Li Jun, Jun withdrew to Ze Prefecture; the city was small but strong and would not fall quickly. Taizu was troubled, summoned Quanyi, and fed him before the imperial couch to ask his plan. Quanyi replied, "Jun holds a lone city; concentrate force and press the attack and he can be destroyed at once; delay only feeds his treachery." Taizu said, "That is exactly what I think." He immediately ordered a fierce assault. Quanyi led several dozen dare-to-die men up the wall; a flying arrow pierced his arm and blood soaked him. He pulled out the arrow and kept fighting; morale surged and the city fell. He was transferred to commander of the left wing of the Tiger Swift Army and made defense commissioner of Muzhou. On the campaign against Li Chongjin he commanded the Crane Control and Tiger Swift armies as rear guard. When the rebels were crushed and the army returned, his merit ranked first; he was made commander of the left Dragon Swift wing and defense commissioner of Jiang Prefecture, but soon fell ill. Taizu sent the imperial physician and a secret message: "When you recover, you shall receive the He-Yang military governorship." Quanyi was already gravely ill and could only bow in thanks. He died within days, aged thirty-eight. He was posthumously granted Grand Guardian and military governor of Datong Army. His son was Zhijie.
5
子知節
Son: Zhijie
6
知節，字子元，幼孤。 太宗時，以蔭補供奉官，賜今名。 年十八，監彭州兵，以嚴蒞眾，眾憚之如老將。 又監潭州兵，時何承矩為守，頗以文雅飾吏治，知節慕之，因折節讀書。 雍熙間，護兵博州，契丹入邊，敗我師於君子館。 先是，知節完城繕甲，儲積芻粟，吏民以為生事。 既而契丹果至，以有備，引去。
Zhijie, courtesy name Ziyuan, was orphaned young. Under Taizong he entered office by hereditary privilege as a palace attendant and received his present name. At eighteen he supervised Peng Prefecture troops; his stern discipline made the men fear him like a veteran commander. He later supervised Tan Prefecture troops while He Chengjue, the prefect, cultivated a literary style of governance; Zhijie admired him and took up reading. In the Yongxi era he guarded troops at Bo Prefecture when the Khitan crossed the border and routed the Song army at Junzi Lodge. Zhijie had already repaired the walls, readied armor, and stored fodder; locals thought he was making unnecessary trouble. When the Khitan arrived, they found the city prepared and withdrew.
7
徙知定遠軍。 時議調河南十三州之民輸餉，河北轉運使樊知古適至軍議事，知節曰：「軍少粟多，簸其紅腐，尚當得十之六七。」 知古從之，果獲粟五十萬斛，分給諸屯，遂省河南之役。 時部民入保避寇，卒有盜婦女首飾者，護軍止笞遣之。 知節曰：「民避外患而來，反罹內寇，此而可恕，何以肅下？」 即命斬之。 知深、慶二州，遷西京作坊使。 旋知梓州。 李順之叛，詔與王繼恩同討賊。 繼恩恃勢自任，惡知節不附己，遣守彭州，付以羸兵三百，彭之舊卒，悉召還成都。 知節累請益兵，不從。 賊眾十萬攻城，知節力戰，自晨抵晡，士多死，慨然歎曰：「死賊手，非壯夫也。」 即橫槊潰圍出，遲明，援兵至，復鼓噪入，賊遂潰去。 太宗聞而歎曰：「賊眾我寡，知節不易當也。」 授益州鈐轄，加益、漢九州都巡檢使，遷內園使。 會韓景祐帳下劉旰脅牙兵為亂，連下州縣，眾逾二千，知節領兵三百，追至蜀州，與戰，旰走邛州。 知節曰：「賊破邛州，必乘勝渡江薄我，既息而後戰，官軍雖倍，制之亦勞，不如乘其弊急擊之，破之必矣。」 遂行。 次方井鎮，與旰遇，殺之無噍類。
He was transferred to govern Dingyuan Army. Officials proposed drafting thirteen Henan prefectures to haul supplies; when Hebei transport commissioner Fan Zhigu came to consult, Zhijie said, "We have little army and much grain; winnow the rotten stock and six or seven tenths should still be usable." Zhigu agreed and obtained five hundred thousand hu, distributed it to the camps, and spared Henan the draft. When locals took refuge in the fort, a soldier stole a woman's hair ornaments; the guard officer only flogged and released him. Zhijie said, "People flee outside danger only to meet robbery inside—if this is forgivable, how can discipline be kept?" He ordered the man beheaded at once. He governed Zhi and Qing prefectures, then became director of the Western Capital Workshops. Soon he was made prefect of Zizhou. When Li Shun rebelled, he and Wang Jien were ordered to suppress the rebels. Jien was arrogant and resented Zhijie's independence; he posted Zhijie at Peng Prefecture with only three hundred weak troops and recalled all Peng's veterans to Chengdu. Zhijie repeatedly asked for reinforcements and was refused. A hundred thousand rebels besieged the city; Zhijie fought from morning till late afternoon and lost many men. He sighed, "To die at bandit hands is no death for a true man." He broke out with leveled spear; at dawn relief arrived and he charged back in with drum and shout, and the rebels fled. Taizong heard and sighed, "Rebels many, defenders few—Zhijie was not easy to beat." He was made Baoxin Army controller of Zizhou, additionally inspector-general of nine prefectures including Yi and Han, and promoted to inner-garden commissioner. When Han Jingyou's follower Liu Gan forced the guard into revolt and seized prefectures with more than two thousand men, Zhijie led three hundred troops, pursued him to Shu Prefecture, fought, and drove Gan toward Qiong Prefecture. Zhijie said, "If the rebels take Qiong they will cross the river in triumph to press us; rest first and even double our numbers will struggle to stop them—strike their exhaustion now and we can break them." He marched at once. At Fangjing Market he met Gan and slaughtered every last man.
8
咸平初，領登州刺史、知秦州。 州嘗質羌酋支屬餘二十人，逾二紀矣。 知節曰：「羌亦人爾，豈不懷歸？」 悉遣之。 羌人感之，訖終，更不犯塞。 時州有銀坑，歲久礦竭，課額弗除，主吏破產，償之不足。 知節請蠲之，章三上，乃允。 遷西上閤門使，知益州兼本路轉運使。 自乾德後，歲漕蜀物，動逾萬計。 時籍富民以部舟運，坐沉覆破產者眾。 知節請代督以省校而程其漕事，自是蜀人賴以免患。
At the start of Xianping he was made prefect of Deng and governor of Qin. The prefecture still held more than twenty Qiang chieftains' kin as hostages, kept for over twenty years. Zhijie said, "The Qiang are people too—would they not long for home?" He sent them all home. The Qiang were moved; for the rest of his tenure they never raided the frontier again. The prefecture had a silver mine long exhausted, yet the tax quota remained; officials were ruined trying to pay it. Zhijie petitioned for remission three times before it was granted. He became Western Upper Gate Commissioner and prefect of Yizhou, concurrently circuit transport commissioner. Since Qiande, annual transport of Shu goods regularly exceeded ten thousand loads. Wealthy households were registered to crew the boats, and many were ruined when cargoes sank. Zhijie proposed that transport officials supervise with clerks scheduling hauls, sparing Shu people the burden.
9
徙知延州兼鄜延駐泊部署。 邊寇將至，方上元節，遽命張燈啟關，累夕宴樂。 寇不測，即引去。 會鎮州程德玄政事曠弛，徙知節代之。 詔發澶、魏等六州糧輸定武，時兵交境上，知節曰：「糧之來，是資盜也。」 止令於舟車所至收之，寇無所得而遁。
He was transferred to Yan Prefecture, concurrently Fuyan garrison deployment commissioner. Border raiders were approaching at Lantern Festival; he ordered lamps hung, gates opened, and feasts held night after night. The raiders could not fathom his intent and withdrew. When Zhen Prefecture's Cheng Dexuan was lax in office, Zhijie replaced him. An edict ordered grain from six prefectures including Cao and Wei sent to Dingwu while troops clashed on the border. Zhijie said, "Incoming grain only feeds the enemy." He ordered grain collected only where boats and carts could reach; the raiders got nothing and withdrew.
10
車駕在澶淵，時王超擁兵數十萬屯真定，逗留不進。 知節移書誚讓之，超始出兵，猶以中渡無橋為辭。 知節預命度材，一夕而具。 景德中，徙知定州，未幾，拜東上閤門使、樞密都承旨，擢拜簽書樞密院事。
While the emperor was at Chanyuan, Wang Chao held several hundred thousand troops at Zhending but lingered without advancing. Zhijie wrote to rebuke him; Chao finally marched out, still claiming there was no bridge at Zhongdu. Zhijie had already ordered timber measured; overnight the bridge was ready. In Jingde he was transferred to Ding Prefecture; soon he was made Eastern Upper Gate Commissioner, chief secretary of the Bureau of Military Affairs, and promoted signatory of that bureau.
11
當是時，契丹已盟，中國無事，大臣方言符瑞，而知節每不然之，嘗言「天下雖安，不可忘戰去兵」以為戒。 自陳年齒未衰，五七年間尚可驅策，如邊方有警，願預其行，但得副都部署名及良馬數匹、輕甲一聯足矣。 上以為然，因命製銅鐵鎖子甲以賜焉。 進宣徽北院使，加兼樞密副使。 時王欽若為樞密使，知節薄其為人，遇事敢言，未嘗少屈。 每廷議，得其不直，輒面詆之。 時欽若寵顧方隆，知節愈不為下。
The Khitan had made peace and the realm was quiet; ministers spoke of portents, but Zhijie always demurred, warning that peace must not mean forgetting war. He said his years were not yet spent; in five or seven more he could still serve, and if the frontier alarmed he wished to go—needing only the title of deputy overall deployment, a few good horses, and light armor. The emperor agreed and had a copper-and-iron mail coat made for him. He was promoted Commissioner of the Northern Bureau of the Palace Domestic Service and additionally vice commissioner of the Bureau of Military Affairs. Wang Qinruo was then military affairs commissioner; Zhijie despised his character and spoke boldly without yielding. Whenever court debate found Qinruo wrong, he denounced him to his face. Qinruo's favor was then at its height, yet Zhijie grew only more defiant.
12
大中祥符七年，出為潁州防禦使、知潞州。 天禧初，移知天雄軍，召拜宣徽南院使、知樞密院事。 以疾乞罷，除彰德軍留後、知貝州兼部署。 將行，真宗閔其臒瘁，止命歸鎮。 時上黨、大名之民已爭來迎謁。 未幾，卒，年六十五。 贈侍中，諡正惠。
In the seventh year of Dazhong Xiangfu he left court as defense commissioner of Ying and governor of Lu. At the start of Tianxi he was transferred to Tianxiong Army and summoned as Commissioner of the Southern Bureau of the Palace Domestic Service and military affairs commissioner. Ill, he begged leave and was made military prefect of Zhangde Army, governor of Bei Prefecture, and deployment commissioner. About to depart, Zhenzong, pitying his wasted frame, ordered him simply to return to his command. By then the people of Shangdang and Daming were already rushing to welcome him. Soon he died, aged sixty-five. He was posthumously granted Palace Attendant with the posthumous title Zhenghui ("Correct and Gracious").
13
知節將家子，慷慨以武力智謀自許，又能好書，賓友儒者，所與善厚，必一時豪傑，論事謇謇未嘗有所顧忌，故聞其風者，亦知其為正直云。
Born to a military house, Zhijie was generous and confident in arms and strategy, yet also loved books and befriended scholars; those he held close were always leading men of the age, and in debate he spoke bluntly without fear—so all who knew his reputation knew him for an upright man.
14
雷德驤
Lei Dexiang
15
雷德驤，字善行，同州郃陽人。 周廣順三年舉進士，解褐磁州軍事判官。 召為右拾遺，充三司判官，賜緋魚。 顯德中，入受詔均定隨州諸縣民田屋稅，稱為平允。
Lei Dexiang, courtesy name Shanxing, was from Heyang in Tong Prefecture. In the third year of Guangshun in Zhou he passed the jinshi and entered office as military adjutant of Ci Prefecture. He was summoned as Right Reminder, made judge of the Three Departments, and granted crimson robe and fish tally. In the Xiande era he received an edict to equalize household and dwelling taxes in Sui Prefecture's counties and was praised as fair.
16
宋初，拜殿中侍御史，改屯田員外郎、判大理寺。 其官屬與堂吏附會宰相趙普，擅增刑名，因上言，欲求見太祖以白其事。 未引對，直詣講武殿奏之，辭氣俱厲。 太祖詰之，德驤對曰：「臣值陛下日旰未食，方震威嚴爾。」 帝怒，令左右曳出，詔置極典。 俄怒解，黜為商州司戶參軍。 刺史知德驤舊為省郎，以客禮之。 及奚嶼知州，希宰相旨，至則倨受庭參。 德驤不能堪，出怨言，嶼銜之。 適有言德驤至郡為文訕上者，嶼召德驤與語，潛遣吏紿其家人取得之，即械繫德驤，具狀以聞。 太祖貸其罪，削籍徙靈武。 數年，其子有鄰擊登聞鼓，訴中書不法事，趙普由是出鎮河陽。 召德驤為秘書丞，俄分判御史臺三院事，又兼判吏部南曹。 開寶七年，同知貢舉。 太祖崩，以德驤為吳越國告哀使。 還，遷戶部員外郎兼御史知雜事，改職方員外郎，充陝西、河北轉運使。 歷禮部、戶部郎中，入為度支判官。
At the start of Song he was made Palace Attendant-in-Waiting, then Field Administration Officer and judge of the Court of Judicial Review. His subordinates and hall clerks colluded with Grand Councilor Zhao Pu and arbitrarily added penalties; he memorialized requesting audience with Taizu to report it. Before audience was granted he went straight to the Lecture Hall and reported it in fierce tones. Taizu interrogated him; Dexiang replied, "Your subject found Your Majesty still unfed at sunset—I was awed by Your Majesty's majesty." The emperor was angry, had him dragged out, and decreed the extreme penalty. Shortly the anger eased and he was demoted to revenue clerk of Shang Prefecture. The prefect knew Dexiang had once been a provincial official and treated him as a guest. When Xi Yu became prefect, hoping to please the grand councilor, he received Dexiang's court visit with arrogant contempt. Dexiang could not bear it and spoke resentfully; Yu nursed a grudge. Someone reported Dexiang had written a piece satirizing the emperor; Yu summoned him, secretly tricked his family into surrendering the text, shackled Dexiang, and submitted a full report. Taizu pardoned his life, struck him from the rolls, and exiled him to Lingwu. Several years later his son Youlin struck the Denunciation Drum and sued the Secretariat for illegal conduct; Zhao Pu was therefore sent to govern Heyang. Dexiang was summoned as Secretariat Director, shortly divided duties among the three Censorate bureaus, and additionally judged the Southern Bureau of the Ministry of Personnel. In the seventh year of Kaibao he jointly supervised the civil examinations. When Taizu died, Dexiang was made envoy to announce mourning to Wuyue. On return he was promoted Revenue Officer and Censor-in-Chief, transferred to Bureau Officer, and made transport commissioner of Shaanxi and Hebei. He served as Director of Rites and Director of Revenue, then entered office as judge of the Revenue Office.
17
太平興國四年，車駕征太原，為太原西路轉運使。 六年，同知京朝官考課，俄遷兵部郎中。 七年，以公累降本曹員外郎、出知懷州，未幾，復舊官，又命為兩浙轉運使。 其子殿中丞有終亦為淮南轉運使，父子同日受詔，搢紳榮之。 俄遷右諫議大夫。
In the fourth year of Taiping Xingguo, when the emperor marched on Taiyuan, he was made transport commissioner of the Taiyuan Western Route. In the sixth year he jointly supervised the capital-official performance review and was soon promoted Director of War. In the seventh year, for official misconduct he was demoted and sent out as prefect of Huai; before long he recovered his rank and was again made transport commissioner of the Two Zhe circuits. His son Youzhong was also made Huainan transport commissioner; father and son received edicts the same day—an honor the gentry noted. Shortly he was promoted Right Remonstrator.
18
雍熙二年，征歸朝，同知京朝官考課，初，帝謂宰相曰：「朕前日閱班籍，擇官為河北轉運使，所患不能周知群臣履行。 自今令德驤錄京朝官履歷功過之狀引對，既得漸識群臣，擇才委任，且使有官政者樂於召對，負瑕累者恥於顧問，可以為懲勸矣。」
In the second year of Yongxi he was recalled to jointly supervise the capital-official performance review. Earlier the emperor had told grand councilors, "When I reviewed the roster to choose a Hebei transport commissioner, I feared not knowing officials' conduct thoroughly. Henceforth let Dexiang record capital officials' careers, merits, and faults and bring them for audience—so I may gradually know the officials, choose talent wisely, make the capable glad to be summoned, and the blemished ashamed to be questioned; this can warn and encourage."
19
端拱初，遷戶部侍郎。 會趙普再入相，宣制之日，德驤方立班，不覺墜笏，遽上疏，乞歸田里。 太宗召見，安諭之，賜白金三千兩，罷知考課，止以本官奉朝請。 會議事尚書省，乘酒叱起居員外郎鄭構為盜，御史奏劾，下御史臺案問，具伏，帝止令罰月奉而釋之。 訖趙普出守西洛，帝終保全之。
At the beginning of Duangong he was promoted Vice Director of Revenue. When Zhao Pu again became chancellor, on the day the edict was read Dexiang, standing in court formation, dropped his tablet without noticing and immediately memorialized begging to retire. Taizong summoned him, reassured him, granted three thousand taels of white gold, removed him from supervising performance reviews, and kept him at court in his original rank. Deliberating at the Ministry of Revenue while drunk, he shouted at Attendance Officer Zheng Gou that he was a thief; impeached and investigated, he confessed; the emperor merely fined one month's salary and released him. When Zhao Pu finally went out to guard the Western Capital, the emperor still protected Dexiang to the end.
20
淳化二年，為其婿如京副使衛濯訟有鄰子秘書省校書郎孝先內亂，帝素憐德驤，恐暴揚其醜，不以孝先屬吏，止除名配均州。 德驤坐失教，責授感德軍行軍司馬。 並其子少府少監有終責授衡州團練副使。 德驤因慚憤成疾，三年，卒，年七十五。 有終為三司鹽鐵副使，表乞追復舊官，從之。
In the second year of Chunhua his son-in-law Wei Zhuo sued Youlin's son Xiaoxian for incest; the emperor, pitying Dexiang and fearing family shame exposed, did not hand Xiaoxian to the courts but merely struck his name and assigned him to Jun Prefecture. Dexiang was punished for failure to teach and was made acting marshal of Gandé Army. Together with his son Youzhong he was punished and made regimental deputy commissioner of Heng Prefecture. Dexiang, shamed and angry, fell ill; in the third year he died, aged seventy-five. Youzhong, as Salt and Iron Vice Commissioner under the Three Departments, memorialized begging restoration of his father's old rank; the request was granted.
21
德驤無文采，頗以強直自任，性褊躁，多忤物，不為士大夫所與。
Dexiang lacked literary polish, relied on blunt uprightness, was narrow and quick-tempered, often gave offense, and was not accepted by literati.
22
子有鄰
Son: Youlin
23
有鄰，開寶中，舉進士不第。 其父既竄靈武，意宰相趙普擠抑之。 時堂後吏胡讚、李可度在職歲久，或稱其請託受賕，而秘書丞王洞與德驤同年登第，有鄰每造謁洞，洞多以家事委之。 一日，洞令有鄰市白金半鋌，因曰：「此令吾子知，要與胡將軍。」 蓋謂讚也。 時又有詔，應攝官三任解由全者許投牒有司，即得召試錄用。 有鄰素與前攝上蔡主簿劉偉交遊，知偉雖嘗三攝，而一任失其解由，偉造偽印，令其兄前進士侁書寫之，因是得試送銓。 遂具章告其事，並下御史府按鞫。 有鄰出入讚家，故其事多實。 獄具，偉坐棄市，洞等並決杖除名，讚、可度仍籍其家。 有鄰授秘書省正字，賜公服靴笏、銀鞍勒馬、絹百匹，自是累上疏密告人陰事。 俄被病，白晝見偉入室，以杖箠其背。 有鄰號呼聞於外，數日而死。 賜德驤錢十萬，以給喪事。
Youlin took the jinshi in the Kaibao era and failed. After his father was exiled to Lingwu, he believed Grand Councilor Zhao Pu had forced him out. Hall Attendants Hu Zan and Li Kedou had long held office; some said they solicited favors and took bribes; Secretariat Director Wang Dong had passed the examinations the same year as Dexiang, and Youlin often visited Dong, who often entrusted him with household affairs. One day Dong had Youlin buy half an ingot of white gold and said, "Let my son know—this is for General Hu." He meant Zan. An edict also allowed provisional officials who completed three terms with full release certificates to petition the relevant office and be summoned for examination and appointment. Youlin was friendly with former provisional chief clerk Liu Wei, who though having served three provisional terms lacked one release certificate; Wei forged a seal and had his jinshi brother Xian write it, entered examination, and was sent to the Board of Appointments. Youlin then submitted a full memorial reporting these matters, and all were handed to the Censorate. Youlin frequented Zan's house, so the charges were largely substantiated. When the case closed, Wei was executed; Dong and others were flogged and struck from the rolls; Zan and Kedou still had their households registered. Youlin was appointed Secretariat Proofreader, granted official robes, boots, tablet, silver saddle, horse, and a hundred bolts of silk; thereafter he repeatedly submitted secret memorials reporting private affairs. Shortly he fell ill; in broad daylight he saw Wei enter the room and beat his back with a staff. Youlin cried out loud enough to be heard outside; within days he died. Dexiang was granted one hundred thousand cash for funeral expenses.
24
子有終
Son: Youzhong
25
有終，字道成，幼聰敏，以蔭補漢州司戶參軍。 時侯陟典選，木強難犯，選人聽署於庭，無敢嘩者。 有終獨抗言，願為大郡治獄掾，陟叱之曰：「年未三十，安可任此官？」 有終不為沮。 署萊蕪尉。 知監、左拾遺劉祺以有終年少，頗易之。 有終發其奸贓，祺坐罪杖流海島，以有終代知監事。 先是，三司補吏為冶官，率以貲進，多恣橫。 至是，受署者憚有終，率多避免。 太宗即位，聞其名，遣內侍伍守忠同掌監事，且察其治跡。 守忠至裁周月，即還奏有終強濟之狀，亟詔為大理寺丞。 會德驤任陝西轉運，奏為解州通判，特許德驤不巡察是州。 有終入奏鹽池利害，改贊善大夫，令還權知軍事，省通判。 太平興國六年，遷殿中丞、知密州，徙淮南轉運副使，賜緋魚，改太常博士。 時德驤主漕兩浙，往往省於境上，時人榮之。
Youzhong, courtesy name Daocheng, was clever from youth and entered office by hereditary privilege as revenue clerk of Han Prefecture. Hou Zhi controlled appointments; stern and hard to cross, he had candidates sign in the courtyard and none dared make noise. Youzhong alone spoke boldly, wishing to serve as judicial aide in a large prefecture; Zhi shouted, "Not yet thirty—how can you hold such an office?" Youzhong was not discouraged. He was appointed Laiwu county captain. Supervisor of the Directorate of Monopolies Liu Qi thought Youzhong young and looked down on him. Youzhong exposed his corruption; Qi was flogged and exiled to a sea island, and Youzhong replaced him as acting supervisor. Earlier the Three Departments supplemented clerks as foundry officials, who generally bought posts with wealth and acted wantonly. From this appointees feared Youzhong and mostly avoided the post. When Taizong acceded he heard Youzhong's name and dispatched Inner Attendant Wu Shouzhong to jointly supervise the directorate and observe his conduct. Shouzhong returned within a month reporting Youzhong's forceful efficiency; an urgent edict made him Assistant Director of the Court of Judicial Review. When Dexiang served as Shaanxi transport commissioner he memorialized Youzhong as vice prefect of Jie Prefecture, specially exempting that prefecture from Dexiang's inspection. Youzhong entered court to report on the salt ponds; he was changed to Senior Supporter and ordered back to hold military affairs without a vice prefect. In the sixth year of Taiping Xingguo he was promoted Palace Attendant and prefect of Mi Prefecture, transferred to deputy Huainan transport commissioner, granted crimson robe and fish tally, and made Doctor of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices. Dexiang then supervised transport in the Two Zhe circuits and often saved effort at the border—contemporaries counted it an honor.
26
雍熙中，王師北征，命為蔚州飛狐路隨軍轉運使。 入為鹽鐵判官，歷戶部、度支副使，賜金紫，出知昇州。 淳化初，就遷少府少監、知廣州。 二年，女弟婿衛濯訟其家法不謹，有終坐親累，責授衡州團練副使，奪章服。 俄丁外艱，行及許田，召歸，入對，賜錢八十萬，起為都官員外郎，歷度支、鹽鐵副使，復金紫。 時以江南、嶺外茶鹽價不一，細民冒禁私販，多陷重辟。 詔有終領江淮、兩浙、荊湖、福建、廣南路茶鹽制置使，就出鹽產茶之地，以便宜裁制。 使還，改工部郎中、知大名府，不逾月，復為少府少監，徙知江陵。
In the Yongxi era, when the imperial army marched north, he was made Feihu Route army transport commissioner. He entered office as Salt and Iron judge, rose through vice directorships of Revenue and the Revenue Office, was granted gold and purple, and went out as prefect of Sheng Prefecture. At the beginning of Chunhua he was promoted on the spot to Vice Director of the Palace Domestic Service and prefect of Guang Prefecture. In the second year his brother-in-law Wei Zhuo sued his household for lax discipline; Youzhong was punished as kin, made regimental deputy commissioner of Heng Prefecture, and stripped of insignia. Shortly he mourned his father; recalled at Xutian, he entered audience, was granted eight hundred thousand cash, restored as Director of the Department of State Affairs, then Vice Director of Revenue and Salt and Iron, and again granted gold and purple. Tea and salt prices differed between Jiangnan, Lingwai, and other regions; commoners violated bans and smuggled, often facing heavy punishment. An edict made Youzhong Commissioner for Tea and Salt across Jiang-Huai, Two Zhe, Jing-Hu, Fujian, and Guangnan, with discretionary authority at salt and tea sources. On return he was made Director of War and prefect of Daming; within a month he was again Vice Director of the Palace Domestic Service and transferred to Jiangling.
27
李順之亂，王師西征，命與裴莊為峽路隨軍轉運使、同知兵馬事。 調發兵食，規畫戎事，皆有節制。 師行至峽中，遇盜格鬥，眾渴乏，會天雨，軍士以兜牟承水飲之，且行且戰，進至廣安軍，軍壘瀕江，三面樹柵。 會夜陰晦，賊眾奄至，鼓噪舉火，士伍恐懼，有終安坐櫛髮自若。 賊圍既合，有終引奇兵出其後擊之，賊眾驚擾，赴水死者無算。 就拜右諫議大夫、知益州。 次簡州，寓佛舍，度賊必至，命左右重閉，召土人嚴更警備，初夕，間道而出。 賊圍守數重，及壞寺入，惟擊柝者在焉。 俄兼同招安使。 賊平，改知許州。 三年，改給事中、知并州。
When Li Shun rebelled and the imperial army marched west, he and Pei Zhuang were made Xialu Route army transport commissioners and jointly supervised military affairs. Mobilizing troops and grain and planning military affairs, all were handled with restraint. In the gorges the army met bandits; thirsty and exhausted, the troops caught rain in their helmets and drank as they fought forward to Guang'an Army, where the camp lay beside the river with palisades on three sides. That night the sky was dark; rebels suddenly arrived with shouts and torches; the troops panicked, yet Youzhong sat calmly combing his hair. When the rebel encirclement closed, Youzhong led picked troops out behind them; the rebels panicked and very many drowned fleeing into the water. He was promoted on the spot to Right Remonstrator and made prefect of Yizhou. At Jian Prefecture he lodged in a monastery; expecting rebels, he sealed the doors, summoned locals to tighten the watch, and at first dusk slipped out by a hidden path. Rebel encirclement was several layers deep; when they broke into the ruined monastery only the night-watch striker remained. Shortly he was additionally made Pacification Commissioner. When the rebels were pacified he was changed to prefect of Xu Prefecture. In the third year he was changed to Senior Supporter and made prefect of Bing Prefecture.
28
真宗嗣位，加工部侍郎。 咸平二年，代還，知審刑院，俄授戶部使。 三年，將巡師大名，遣有終乘驛先詣澶州督納糧草。 車駕還，次德清軍，會益州奏至，神衛戍卒以正旦竊發，害兵馬鈐轄符昭壽，擁都虞候王均為亂，逐知州牛冕。 即日，拜有終瀘州觀察使、知益州兼川峽兩路招安捉賊事。 御廚使李惠、洛苑使石普、供備庫副使李守倫並為招安巡檢使，給步騎八千，命往招討。 又以洺州團練使上官正為東川都鈐轄，西京作坊使李繼昌為峽路都鈐轄，崇儀副使高繼勳、王阮並為益州駐泊都監，供奉官、閤門祗候孫正辭為諸州都巡檢使。
When Zhenzong succeeded he was additionally made Vice Director of War. In the second year of Xianping he returned and governed the Court of Judicial Review; shortly he was made Revenue Commissioner. In the third year, about to review troops at Daming, he dispatched Youzhong by relay first to Cao Prefecture to supervise grain and fodder. When the emperor returned and halted at Deqing Army, a report arrived from Yizhou: Divine Guard garrison troops mutinied on New Year's Day, killed military controller Fu Zhaoshou, made Chief Adjutant Wang Jun leader, and expelled Prefect Niu Mian. That same day Youzhong was made Observer of Lu Prefecture and Prefect of Yizhou, concurrently Pacification-and-Capture Commissioner for the Two Chuan Circuits. Imperial Kitchen Commissioner Li Hui, Luoyuan Commissioner Shi Pu, and Supply Repository Deputy Commissioner Li Shoulun were all made Pacification-and-Inspection Commissioners; eight thousand infantry and cavalry were given them to suppress the rebels. Shangguan Zheng was made Eastern Chuan Controller; Li Jichang Xialu Route Controller; Gao Jixun and Wang Ruan Yizhou Garrison Supervisors; Sun Zhengci Inspector-General of the Prefectures.
29
正月三日，均率眾陷漢州，進攻綿州，旬日不能下，趣劍門。 先是，知劍州、秘書丞李士衡度寇必至，城不能守，悉徙官帑保劍門，焚其倉廩，及署榜招軍卒之流逸者，得數千人。 已而賊果至，士衡與劍門都監、左藏庫副使裴臻逆擊之。 時風雪連日，均眾無所掠，唯食敗糟，臻與戰，斬首數千級。 賊眾疲劇宵遁，還保益州。 士衡即馳騎入奏，上嘉之，拜士衡度支員外郎，賜緋； 臻崇儀使、領峰州刺史，仍舊職。
On the third day of the first month Jun took Han Prefecture, attacked Mian Prefecture, and after ten days could not take it; he hastened toward Jianmen Pass. Earlier Li Shiheng, prefect of Jian and Secretariat Proofreader, judged the bandits would come and the city could not be held; he moved official stores to Jianmen Pass, burned the granaries, and recruited scattered soldiers, obtaining several thousand men. When the bandits came, Shiheng and Jianmen Garrison Supervisor Pei Zhen counterattacked. Snow and wind lasted days; Jun's host had nothing to plunder and ate spoiled lees; Zhen fought and beheaded several thousand. The rebels, exhausted, fled by night back to Yizhou. Shiheng galloped in to report; the emperor praised him, made Shiheng Vice Director of the Revenue Office, and granted crimson robe; Zhen Honored Ceremonial Commissioner and regimental commissioner of Feng Prefecture, retaining his old post.
30
知蜀州、供奉官、閤門祗候楊懷忠聞變，即調鄉丁會十一路巡檢兵，刻期進討。 蜀民不從賊者相率抗禦，儕伍謂之「清壇眾」。 擇「清壇」之魁七十餘人，悉補巡檢將，遣判官高本馳驛以聞。 十七日，懷忠率眾入益州，焚城北門，至三井橋。 時均尚留劍門，與賊將魯麻胡陣於江瀆廟前，自晨至晡，戰數合，懷忠兵勢不敵，退還所部。 懷忠部下多李順舊黨，頗貪剽劫，故敗績焉。 懷忠移文嘉、眉七州，調軍士丁男來會。 二月，再攻益州。 時均方遣逆黨趙延順攻邛、蜀，懷忠逆與之戰，賊稍退。 懷忠與轉運使陳緯麾兵由子城南門直入軍資庫，與緯署其庫籥。 均眾皆銀槍繡衣，為數隊，分列子城中。 賊兵出通遠門，與懷忠戰數合，會暮，懷忠復退軍筰橋，背水列陣，砦櫧木橋南，以扞邛、蜀之路。 賊故不復能南略，自清水壩、溫江、金馬三道來攻櫧木砦，出官軍後，焚江原神祠，斷邛、蜀援路。 懷忠三路分兵以抗之，斬首五百餘級，驅其餘眾入皂江，獲甲弩甚眾。 乘勝逐賊至益州南十五里，砦於雞鳴原，以俟王師。 均亦閉成都東門以自固。
Yang Huaizhong, Attendant Official, Gate Aide, and prefect of Shu Prefecture, on hearing the upheaval mobilized local militia and joined eleven route inspection troops on a fixed date to advance. Shu people who refused the rebels resisted in groups; their companies were called the "Pure Altar Host." More than seventy chiefs of the Pure Altar Host were chosen and made inspection generals; Adjunct Official Gao Ben was sent by relay to report it. On the seventeenth, Huaizhong led his forces into Yizhou, burned the north gate, and reached Sanjing Bridge. Jun was still at Jianmen Pass while Huaizhong fought the bandit general Lu Mahu before the River God Temple from morning till late afternoon in several clashes; outmatched, Huaizhong fell back to his own camp. Many of Huaizhong's men were former followers of Li Shun and inclined to looting, which accounted for the defeat. Huaizhong sent dispatches to the seven prefectures around Jia and Mei, calling up soldiers and able-bodied men to join him. In the second month he attacked Yizhou again. Jun had sent the rebel Zhao Yanshun against Qiong and Shu; Huaizhong intercepted him and drove the rebels back somewhat. Huaizhong and Transport Commissioner Chen Wei marched through the inner city's south gate into the military stores and sealed the depot with Wei. Jun's troops, armed with silver spears and in embroidered robes, formed several companies posted throughout the inner city. Rebels came out Tongyuan Gate and clashed with Huaizhong several times; at dusk he withdrew to Zhua Bridge, formed up with his back to the water, and camped south of Zhumu Bridge to hold the Qiong and Shu roads. Blocked from advancing south, the rebels attacked Zhumu Fort by three routes—Qingshui Dam, Wenjiang, and Jinma—got behind the imperial army, burned the Jiangyuan shrine, and severed relief routes to Qiong and Shu. Huaizhong split his forces three ways, killed more than five hundred, drove the rest into the Zao River, and seized a great quantity of armor and crossbows. He pursued the fleeing rebels fifteen li south of Yizhou, encamped at Jiming Plain, and awaited the imperial forces. Jun likewise shut Chengdu's east gate to fortify his position.
31
是月，有終等至，令石普先與綿漢都巡檢張思鈞收復漢州，進壁升僊橋。 賊出攻砦，有終擊走之。 一日，均開城偽為遁狀，有終與上官正、石普率兵徑入，官軍分剽民財，部伍不肅。 賊閉關發伏，布床榻於路口，官軍不得出，因為所殺。 有終等緣堞而墜，李惠死之，退保漢州。 益州城中民皆奔迸四出，復為賊黨分騎追殺，或囚縶之，支解族誅以恐眾。 又脅士民僧道之少壯者為兵，先刺手背，次髡首，次黥面，給軍裝，令乘城，與舊賊黨相間。 有終署榜招之，至則署其衣袂釋之，日數百人。
That month Youzhong arrived and sent Shi Pu with Mian-Han Metropolitan Inspector Zhang Sijun to retake Hanzhou and encamp at Shengxian Bridge. When rebels attacked the camp, Youzhong drove them off. One day Jun opened the gates as if to flee; Youzhong, Shangguan Zheng, and Shi Pu marched straight in, but the troops scattered to loot civilians and discipline collapsed. The rebels shut the gates, sprung ambushes, and blocked the exits with bedding; trapped, the imperial troops were slaughtered. Youzhong and others escaped over the battlements; Li Hui was killed, and they fell back to Hanzhou. Yizhou's people fled in all directions; rebel horsemen hunted them down, imprisoned others, and dismembered them or executed whole families to terrify the populace. They also pressed young gentry, commoners, monks, and priests into service—first tattooing their hands, then shaving their heads, then branding their faces—issued them arms, and posted them on the walls alongside veteran rebels. Youzhong posted notices summoning them; those who came had their sleeves marked and were released—several hundred each day.
32
三月，進攻彌牟砦，斬首千餘級，復為賊所拒。 四月，賊由升僊橋分路來寇，並軍於東偏，有終率兵逆擊，大敗之，殺千餘人，奪其傘蓋、金槍等物，均單騎還城。 有終遣其子奉禮郎孝若馳奏，上召孝若問敗賊之由，笑謂左右曰：「均鼠竊爾，雖嬰城自守，計日可擒矣。」 孝若因言嘗習武藝，願改秩以效，即補供奉官。 俄以刑部員外郎馬亮為轉運使，國子博士張志言副之，供備庫副使張晌為綿漢都巡檢使。 楊懷忠又分所部砦於合水尾、浣花等處，樹機石、設笓籬以拒之。
In the third month they attacked Mimu Fort, killed more than a thousand, but were repelled again. In the fourth month rebels advanced by several routes from Shengxian Bridge and massed on the east; Youzhong counterattacked, routed them, killed more than a thousand, and seized their banners, parasols, and gold spears; Jun fled back to the city alone. Youzhong sent his son Xiaoruo with a memorial by relay; the emperor summoned him and asked how the rebels had been beaten, then smiled and told his attendants, "Jun is nothing but a rat thief; even walled up in the city, he can be taken within days." Xiaoruo said he had trained in martial arts and wished to serve in a military post; he was immediately made an attendant official. Soon Ma Liang was made transport commissioner with National University Academician Zhang Zhiyan as his deputy, and Supply Repository Deputy Commissioner Zhang Shang was made Mian-Han metropolitan inspector. Yang Huaizhong posted detachments at Heshuiwei, Huanhua, and elsewhere, setting up rolling logs and palisades to block the rebels.
33
賊自升僊之敗，徹橋塞門，官軍進至清還江，為梁而度。 有終與石普屯於城北門之西，依壕為土山，分設鹿角，又得舊草場，造梯衝洞車攻具，普專主之。 高繼勳、張晌、孫正辭攻城東，上官正、李繼昌、王阮攻城西，楊懷忠與巡檢殿直、閤門祗候馬貴攻城南，賊將趙延順盡驅凶黨以拒。 既而延順中流矢死，又遣其黨丁重萬立城門上，官軍射之，殪。 每攻城，輒會雨，城滑不能上，官軍及丁夫為洞屋以進，賊又鑿地道出掩之，溺壕中死者千餘，軍勢小衄。 時方暑濕，軍士多疾，有終市藥他州療之。
After their defeat at Shengxian Bridge, the rebels destroyed bridges and sealed the gates; the imperial army reached Qinghuan River, built a bridge, and crossed. Youzhong and Shi Pu camped west of the north gate, piled earthworks along the moat, laid abatis, and on an old parade ground built scaling ladders, battering rams, and covered approaches; Shi Pu directed the siege works. Gao Jixun, Zhang Shang, and Sun Zhengci assaulted the east; Shangguan Zheng, Li Jichang, and Wang Ruan the west; Yang Huaizhong and Gate Aide Ma Gui the south; rebel general Zhao Yanshun threw every hardened follower into the defense. Zhao Yanshun was soon killed by an arrow; the rebels then posted his follower Ding Chongwan on the gate tower, and imperial archers shot him dead. Each assault coincided with rain; the walls were too slick to climb, so troops and laborers advanced under covered approaches, but rebels tunneled out to ambush them; more than a thousand drowned in the moat, and momentum faltered. In the humid heat many troops fell ill; Youzhong bought medicine from neighboring prefectures to treat them.
34
是月，詔洛苑使、入內副都知秦翰為兩川捉賊招安使。 有終與翰叶議，於城北魚橋又築土山。 八月，克城北羊馬城，遂設雁翅敵棚，覆洞屋以進，逼羅城。 九月，城北洞屋成，賊對設敵樓以抗官軍，有終遣卒焚之，賊自是銷沮，築月城以自固。 有終募敢死士間道以入，賊為藥矢，中者立死。 有終令卒蒙氈秉燧以入，悉焚其望櫓機石，先遣東西南砦鼓噪攻城，有終與石普分主洞屋以進。 普穴城為暗門，門成，賊攢戟於前，無敢進者。 有二卒請行，許以厚賞，乃麾戈直衝之，賊鋒稍卻，遂入城。 有終登城樓下瞰，賊之餘眾，猶砦天長觀前，於文翁坊密設炮架。 高繼勳白於馬亮，請給稭稈油籸，眾執長戟巨斧，秉炬以進，悉焚之。 楊懷忠焚其砦天長觀前，追至大安門，復敗焉。 是夕二鼓，均與其黨二萬餘南出萬里橋門，突圍而遁。 有終疑有伏，遣人縱火城中。 詰朝，與秦翰登門樓，牙吏有受偽署官職者，捕得，立樓下，傍積薪，厝火其上，索男子魁壯者令辨之，曰某嘗受某職，即命左右捽投火中。 自晨至晡，焚死者數百人，時謂冤酷。 均既走，度合水尾，由廣都略陵、榮，趣富順監，所過斷橋塞路，焚倉庫而去。
That month Qin Han, Luoyuan commissioner and inner-palace deputy chief, was made pacification commissioner for the Two Chuan circuits. Youzhong and Qin Han agreed to raise another earthwork north of the city at Yujiao Bridge. In the eighth month they took the northern sheep-and-horse wall, erected angled enemy sheds, advanced under covered approaches, and closed on the outer wall. In the ninth month the northern covered approaches were finished; rebels raised opposing towers, but Youzhong sent men to burn them; their morale collapsed, and they built a crescent rampart for defense. Youzhong recruited volunteers to infiltrate by hidden routes; the rebels used poisoned arrows that killed on contact. Youzhong had troops enter under felt blankets with torches and burn the watchtowers and rolling logs; he first sent eastern, southern, and western camps to storm the walls with drum and shout while he and Shi Pu led covered approaches forward separately. Shi Pu tunneled a secret gate through the wall; when it opened, rebels massed halberds at the breach and no one dared enter. Two soldiers volunteered, were promised rich reward, charged straight in with spears, forced the rebel line back, and broke into the city. From a tower Youzhong looked down on the rebels' remaining force still camped before Tiangchang Temple, with catapults secretly positioned at Wengong Lane. Gao Jixun asked Ma Liang for straw, oil, and chaff; troops advanced with long halberds, great axes, and torches and burned the positions entirely. Yang Huaizhong burned the camp before Tiangchang Temple, pursued to Da'an Gate, and routed them again. That night at the second watch Jun and more than twenty thousand followers broke out south through Wanli Bridge Gate and fled. Suspecting an ambush, Youzhong had the city set afire. At dawn he and Qin Han mounted the gate tower; a clerk who had taken a rebel appointment was captured and bound below a pile of kindling; stout men were brought to identify collaborators—if anyone named a man and his rebel title, attendants seized him and threw him into the fire. From morning till afternoon several hundred were burned alive—an act contemporaries denounced as cruel injustice. Jun fled across Heshuiwei, crossed Guangdu toward Ling and Rong, and made for Fushun Superintendency, destroying bridges, blocking roads, and burning storehouses as he went.
35
初，有終遣懷忠領虎翼軍追之，後二日，石普繼往，以全軍為後援。 十月，均至富順，其將校以筏度江，趨戎、瀘蠻境。 朝廷每歲孟冬朔，詔富順監具酒肴，犒內屬蠻酋。 是日裁設具，而均黨適至，皆食焉。 聞懷忠追騎將至，均心易之，謂其黨曰：「速降懷忠。」 令其眾負擔以行。 懷忠距富順六十里，於楊家市少憩，賊眾在後者邀戰，懷忠遣騎士登高原覘賊，且語其左右曰：「縱賊度江，後悔無及，聞石侯將至，當以奇兵取之。」 乃臨江列陣擊之，餘黨散走，有舟將度江而遁者，懷忠合強弩射之，溺死甚眾。 懷忠張旗鳴鼙入城，均方在監署中，其眾多醉，均窮蹙縊死。 虎翼軍校魯斌斬其首詣懷忠，獲僭偽法物、旌旗、甲馬甚眾，禽其黨六千餘人，逆徒殲焉。 懷忠旋軍出北門，石普之眾方至，奪均首馳歸成都，梟於北市。
Youzhong first sent Huaizhong with the Tiger-Wing Army in pursuit; two days later Shi Pu followed with the main army as reinforcement. In the tenth month Jun reached Fushun; his officers crossed the river on rafts and headed for the Yi and Lu tribal frontier. Each year on the first day of winter the court ordered Fushun Superintendency to prepare wine and food to reward affiliated tribal chiefs. That day the feast had just been laid when Jun's followers arrived and ate it all. Hearing Huaizhong's cavalry were near, Jun grew overconfident and told his men, "Surrender to Huaizhong at once." He had his men pack up and march. Sixty li from Fushun, Huaizhong paused at Yangjia Market; straggling rebels behind him offered battle; he sent horsemen to a height to scout them and told his officers, "If they cross the river we shall regret it; Shi Pu is coming—we should take them by surprise." He formed up along the river and attacked; scattered rebels fled, but those trying to cross by boat were cut down by crossbow fire and drowned in great numbers. Huaizhong entered the city with banners raised and drums beating; Jun was in the superintendency office, his men mostly drunk; cornered, Jun hanged himself. Tiger-Wing captain Lu Bin brought Jun's head to Huaizhong; they seized rebel regalia, banners, armor, and horses in quantity and captured more than six thousand followers—the rebellion was destroyed. Huaizhong marched out the north gate as Shi Pu's force arrived; Shi Pu took Jun's head, raced back to Chengdu, and displayed it in the north market.
36
均本隸開封散從直，後補軍校。 初，神衛軍之戍成都者，以均及董福分二指揮以領之。 福御眾有法，部下皆優足。 均縱其下飲博，軍裝亦以給費。 是歲，車駕幸河朔，符昭壽與牛冕大閱於東郊，蜀人趨觀之，二軍衣服鮮弊不等，均眾因是慚憤。 益州知州與鈐轄二廨並禁旅為牙隊，歲除，冕以酒肴犒部士，而昭壽既驕恣，復肆侵虐，冕亦寬馳無政，故詰朝合起為亂。
Jun had originally served among Kaifeng's miscellaneous attendants and was later made an army captain. The Chengdu garrison of the Divine Guards had been divided into two commands under Jun and Dong Fu. Dong Fu kept strict discipline; his men were well supplied. Jun let his men drink and gamble freely, and even army gear was squandered on their expenses. That year, while the emperor toured Heshuo, Fu Zhaoshou and Niu Mian held a grand review in the eastern suburbs; Shu onlookers saw Jun's troops in shabbier dress than Dong Fu's, and humiliation bred resentment. The Yizhou prefect and military controllers shared garrison duty as one guard company; at New Year's Eve Niu Mian feasted his men, but Fu Zhaoshou was arrogant and abusive while Mian was lax—so on New Year's morning the garrison mutinied together.
37
神衛卒既殺昭壽，是日，成都官吏方相與賀正，聞變，皆奔竄，牛冕與轉運張適縋城而出，惟都巡檢使劉紹榮冒刃格鬥。 既而眾寡不敵，叛卒尚未有主，或欲奉紹榮為帥者，紹榮攝弓罵曰：「我燕人也，比棄鄉土來歸本朝，豈能與汝同逆，汝亟殺我，我肯負朝廷哉！」 眾未敢動。 監軍王澤與均適至，乃謂均曰：「汝所部為亂，盍自往招安？」 均既往，叛卒即擁之為主，紹榮自經死。 均僭號大蜀，改元化順，署置官稱，設貢舉，以張鍇為謀主。
After the Divine Guards killed Fu Zhaoshou, Chengdu officials were exchanging New Year's greetings when word of the mutiny sent them fleeing; Niu Mian and Transport Commissioner Zhang Shi escaped over the wall by rope; only Metropolitan Inspector Liu Shaorong fought on through the blades. Outnumbered, the mutineers still lacked a leader; some wanted Liu Shaorong as commander; he strung his bow and shouted, "I am a man of Yan who left my homeland to serve this dynasty—how can I join your revolt? Kill me if you will—I will never betray the court!" The mutineers did not dare touch him. Army Supervisor Wang Ze arrived with Jun and said, "Your men have mutinied—why not go pacify them yourself?" Jun went; the mutineers immediately made him their leader; Liu Shaorong hanged himself. Jun proclaimed himself ruler of Great Shu, adopted the era name Huashun, set up a court and civil examinations, and made Zhang Kai his chief strategist.
38
鍇本名美，太原舊卒，後為神衛小校。 狡獪，嘗歷戰陣，粗習陰陽，以熒惑同惡，故勸均為亂。 均實戇愞無謀，嘗言：「官軍若至，我當先路出迎，自陳被脅之狀。」 鍇聞之，擇軍中子弟署寄班，以防守均，令不與人接見。 官軍圍城，每射箭招誘，及令均子弟至城下，均皆不之知。 得箭書，鍇悉焚之。 自起至敗，所守止一城而已。 均初署親軍為天降虎翼，後果為虎翼軍所殺。
Zhang Kai, originally named Mei, was a veteran from Taiyuan who later became a minor Divine Guards captain. Cunning and battle-tested, with a rough knowledge of astrology, he swayed like-minded men and urged Jun to rebel. Jun was slow-witted and without strategy; he once said, "When the imperial army comes, I shall go out to meet them first and explain that I was forced into this." Hearing this, Zhang Kai picked young soldiers as palace attendants to guard Jun and barred all visitors. During the siege the imperial army sent in arrows summoning surrender and even brought Jun's relatives to the wall, but he knew nothing of it. Zhang Kai burned every message sent in on arrows. From outbreak to defeat he held only a single city. Jun had named his personal guard the Heaven-sent Tiger-Wing Army—and was indeed killed by the Tiger-Wing Army.
39
賊既平，遣承受供奉官楊崇勳乘傳告捷，賜崇勳錦袍、銀帶、器幣，有終加保信軍節度觀察留後，以秦翰為內園使、恩州刺史，石普為冀州團練使，高繼勳、王阮並為崇儀使，孫正辭為內殿崇班，李繼昌為獎州刺史，張晌為供備庫副使，楊懷忠為供備庫副使，馬貴為供奉官。 是役也，懷忠之功居最，為石普所忌，朝廷微聞之，遣寄班安守忠按視戰所，盡得其功狀，以故懷忠復遷崇儀使，領恩州刺史。
After the rebellion was crushed, Attendant Official Yang Chongxun was sent to report victory; he received brocade robes, a silver belt, and gifts; Youzhong was made acting military governor of Baoxin Army; Qin Han was made inner-garden commissioner and prefect of Enzhou; Shi Pu regimental commissioner of Jizhou; Gao Jixun and Wang Ruan honored ceremonial commissioners; Sun Zhengci inner-hall honored company; Li Jichang prefect of Jiangzhou; Zhang Shang and Yang Huaizhong deputy supply commissioners; Ma Gui an attendant official. In this campaign Huaizhong's service ranked first, arousing Shi Pu's jealousy; the court heard faint rumors and sent Palace Attendant An Shouzhong to review the battlefield and document his deeds; Huaizhong was therefore promoted to honored ceremonial commissioner and made prefect of Enzhou.
40
四年，有終代還，命為涇、原、儀、渭、鎮戎路都部署，辭不拜，改知永興軍府，徙秦州。 景德初，徙為幷代副都部署，賜黃金四百兩。 丁內艱，起復，契丹入寇，上幸澶淵，詔有終率所部由土門抵鎮州，與大兵會。 既而王超、桑贊逗撓無功，唯有終赴援，威聲甚振，河北列城，賴其雄張。 俄而契丹修好，命還屯所，就判并州，召拜宣徽北院使、檢校太保。 二年七月，暴疾卒，年五十九，贈侍中。 錄其子孝若為內殿崇班、閤門祗候，孝傑為內殿崇班，孝緒為供奉官，孝恭為侍禁，親族、門客、給事輩遷補者八人。
In the fourth year Youzhong returned from Sichuan; offered overall command of the Jing-Yuan-Yi-Wei-Zhenrong circuit, he declined and was made prefect of Yongxing, then transferred to Qinzhou. Early in the Jingde era he was made deputy overall commander of Bing and Dai and awarded four hundred taels of gold. Called back from mourning for his mother, he was ordered when the Khitan invaded and the emperor marched to Chanyuan to lead his troops through Tumen Pass to Zhenzhou to join the main army. While Wang Chao and Sang Zan dithered without result, only Youzhong marched to the rescue; his reputation shook the north, and Hebei's garrison cities rested on his strength. When peace was made with the Khitan he returned to his post, was made concurrent governor of Bingzhou, and was summoned as North Privy Council commissioner and Grand Mentor. In the seventh month of the second year he died suddenly at fifty-nine and was posthumously made Palace Attendant. His sons Xiaoruo, Xiaojie, Xiaoxu, and Xiaogong were given court posts, and eight kinsmen, retainers, and household staff were also promoted.
41
有終倜儻自任，不拘小節，有幹局，沈敏善斷，不畏強禦，輕財好施。 歷典藩閫，能撫士卒，豐於宴犒，官用不足，則傾私帑及榷錢以給之。 家無餘財，奉身甚薄，常所御者，銅鞍勒馬而已。 第在崇仁里者，德驤所創。 有終在蜀嘗貸備用庫錢數百萬，奏納其第償之，優詔蠲免。 為宣徽使，特給廉鎮公用錢歲二千貫。 身沒之日，宿負猶不啻千萬，官為償之。 王繼英在樞密，頗忌有終進用，屢言其在蜀及守邊厚費以收士卒心，真宗不之信，卒保護焉。
Youzhong was bold and independent, careless of small proprieties yet capable in affairs—shrewd, decisive, unafraid of the powerful, generous with his money. As a frontier commander he won over his troops with lavish feasts; when official funds ran short he drew on his private purse and monopoly revenues to pay them. He left no fortune at home, lived plainly himself, and rode only a horse with a copper saddle and bridle. The mansion in Chongren Lane had been built by his father Dexiang. In Shu he had borrowed millions from the standby treasury and offered his mansion in repayment; the emperor graciously remitted the debt. As privy council commissioner he received two thousand strings annually for official entertainments. At his death he still owed more than ten million; the state paid his debts. Wang Jiying at the Privy Council envied Youzhong's rise and repeatedly accused him of buying troop loyalty with lavish spending in Shu and on the frontier; Zhenzong disbelieved him and continued to protect Youzhong.
42
孫孝先
Grandson: Sun Xiaoxian
43
孝先，字子思，有鄰子也。 舉進士，試秘書省校書郎，知天長縣。 以衛濯訟其內亂，除籍配均州。 後復知宛丘縣，李繼隆判陳州，薦其能，加試大理評事。 契丹內寇，真宗幸大名，孝先以部芻糧河北，首至行在，擢太常寺奉禮郎。
Xiaoxian, courtesy name Zisi, was a son of Lei Youlin. He passed the jinshi examination, was appointed proofreader in the Secretariat, and served as magistrate of Tianchang County. Wei Zhuo sued him for incest; his name was struck from the rolls and he was exiled to Junzhou. Later he was again appointed magistrate of Wanqiu. Li Jilong, serving as military commissioner of Chenzhou, recommended his talent, and Sun Xiaoxian was given an additional appointment as judge of the Court of Judicial Review. When the Khitan invaded, Emperor Zhenzong went to Daming. Sun Xiaoxian led forage supplies from Hebei and was the first to reach the imperial camp, whereupon he was promoted to Ceremonial Usher in the Court of Imperial Sacrifices.
44
王均反益州，隨季父有終進討，孝先率先鋒與賊戰升僊橋，斬首數百，得均金槍黃傘以獻，改將作監丞。
When Wang Jun rebelled in Yizhou, Sun Xiaoxian followed his uncle Lei Youzhong on the punitive campaign. He led the vanguard against the rebels at Shengxian Bridge, took several hundred heads, seized Wang Jun's golden spear and yellow parasol as trophies, and was appointed Director of the Directorate of Palace Buildings.
45
李繼遷陷靈州，朝廷調兵，軍費多出於民，關內大擾。 孝先請益募商人入粟塞下，償以茶鹽。 召對稱旨，命馳驛陝西，與轉運使鄭文寶議立規畫，後多施行。 累遷尚書屯田員外郎。 嘗建置三司拘收司，以檢天下財利出入之數，詔如其請。
After Li Jiqian seized Lingzhou, the court mobilized troops; military costs fell heavily on the people, and Guanzhong was thrown into turmoil. Sun Xiaoxian proposed recruiting merchants to transport grain to the frontier, repaying them in tea and salt. Called to audience, he pleased the emperor and was dispatched post-haste to Shaanxi to work with Transport Commissioner Zheng Wenbao on a plan; much of it was later implemented. He rose through successive promotions to Vice Director of the Field Administration Bureau in the Ministry of Revenue. He once proposed creating a Collection Office under the Three Departments to audit national revenue and expenditure; the emperor granted his request.
46
知興元府，坐保任失實，降通判華州，徙知鄆州。 宰相寇準舉，換內園使、知貝州。 會慈州民張熙載詐稱黃河都總管，籍並河州郡芻糧數，至貝州。 孝先覺其奸，捕繫獄。 孝先欲因此為奇功，以動朝廷，迫司理參軍紀瑛教熙載偽為契丹諜者，號景州刺史兼侍中、司空、大靈宮使，部送京師。 樞密院按得孝先所教狀，謫澤州都監，利、虢三州，改環慶路兵馬鈐轄、知邠州。 逾年，領昭州刺史，為益州鈐轄，再遷左藏庫使，擢西上閤門使、涇原路鈐轄兼知渭州，復知邠州，徙耀州，以右領軍衛大將軍、昭州刺史，分司西京卒。 子簡夫。
As prefect of Xingyuan, Sun Xiaoxian was demoted to deputy prefect of Huazhou for a false guarantor recommendation, then transferred to Yan Prefecture. Grand Councilor Kou Zhun recommended him; he was transferred to Internal Garden Commissioner and prefect of Beizhou. A Cizhou man named Zhang Xizai falsely claimed to be Chief Superintendent of the Yellow River, registered forage counts from all river-border prefectures, and made his way to Beizhou. Sun Xiaoxian saw through the fraud, arrested Zhang, and jailed him. Sun Xiaoxian hoped to turn the case into a spectacular triumph that would impress the court. He forced judicial assistant Ji Ying to coach Xizai into posing as a Khitan spy styled Inspector of Jingzhou, Grand Counselor, Minister of Works, and Commissioner of the Great Spirit Palace, then escorted him to the capital. The Bureau of Military Affairs uncovered the coached testimony; Sun Xiaoxian was demoted to garrison commander of Zezhou covering Li and Guo prefectures, then reassigned as military inspector of Huanqing Circuit and prefect of Binzhou. A year later he was prefect of Zhaozhou and military inspector of Yizhou. He was promoted to Commissioner of the Left Repository, then to Western Upper Gate Commissioner and military inspector of Jingyuan Circuit while serving as prefect of Weizhou. He served again at Binzhou, transferred to Yaozhou, and held the titles Right General of the Right Lead Army Guard and prefect of Zhaozhou when he died on nominal duty at the Western Capital. His son was Jianfu.
47
曾孫簡夫
Great-grandson: Jianfu
48
簡夫，字太簡，隱居不仕。 康定中，樞密使杜衍薦之，召見，以秘書省校書郎簽書秦州觀察判官。 公事既罷，居長安，自以處士起，不復肯隨眾調官，多為岐路求辟薦。 時三白渠久廢，京兆府遂薦簡夫治渠事。 先時，治渠歲役六縣民四十日，用梢木數百萬，而水不足。 簡夫用三十日，梢木比舊三之一，而水有餘。 知坊州，徙簡州，用張方平薦，知雅州。
Jianfu, courtesy name Taijian, lived in retirement and refused office. During the Kangding era, Military Affairs Commissioner Du Yan recommended him. Summoned to audience, he was appointed Secretariat proofreader and aide to the Qinzhou observation commissioner. When his assignment ended he settled in Chang'an. Having entered service as a recluse, he refused the usual round of official transfers and instead cultivated side paths to fresh appointments. The Three White Canals had long fallen into disuse; Jingzhao Prefecture then recommended Jianfu to restore them. Previously, canal maintenance drafted six counties for forty days each year, consumed millions of wooden stakes, and still yielded insufficient water. Jianfu finished in thirty days, used one-third the timber, and produced a surplus of water. He served as prefect of Fangzhou, transferred to Jianzhou, and on Zhang Fangping' recommendation was appointed prefect of Yazhou.
49
既而辰州蠻酋彭仕羲內寇，三司副使李參、侍御史朱處約安撫不能定，繼命簡夫往。 至則督諸將進兵，築明溪上、下二砦，據其險要，拓取故省地石馬崖五百餘里。 仕羲內附。 擢三司鹽鐵判官，以疾，知虢、同二州，累遷尚書職方員外郎，卒。 錄其子壽臣為郊社齋郎。
Soon Chenzhou Miao chieftain Peng Shiyi raided the interior. Vice Commissioner Li Can and Attendant Censor Zhu Chuyue failed to pacify the region; Jianfu was sent next. On arrival he drove the generals forward, built upper and lower stockades at Mingxi to hold the strategic heights, and recovered more than five hundred li of former provincial territory at Shima Cliff. Shiyi surrendered. He was promoted to judge of the Salt and Iron Monopoly under the Three Departments. Illness later limited him to prefectures Guo and Tong; he rose to Vice Director of the Bureau of Assignments in the Ministry of War and died in office. His son Shouchen was granted the post of Sacrificial Officer at the Suburban and State Shrines.
50
簡夫始起隱者，出入乘牛，冠鐵冠，自號「山長」。 關中用兵，以口舌捭闔公卿。 既仕，自奉稍驕侈，騶御服飾，頓忘其舊，里閭指笑之曰：「牛及鐵冠安在？」
Jianfu had risen from the hermit life: he traveled by ox, wore an iron cap, and called himself the Mountain Elder. With war raging in Guanzhong, he talked his way among grandees and ministers. Once in office he grew proud and extravagant—outriders, finery, his old self forgotten. Neighbors laughed and asked: "Where did the ox and iron cap go?"
51
王超，趙州人，弱冠長七尺餘。 太宗尹京，召置麾下。 及即位，以隸御龍直。 淳化二年，累遷至河西軍節度使、殿前都虞候。
Wang Chao was from Zhaozhou; by his capping ceremony he stood over seven chi tall. When Taizong governed the capital as heir apparent, Wang Chao was summoned into his service. When Taizong took the throne, Chao was assigned to the Imperial Dragon Guard. By the second year of Chunhua he had risen to military commissioner of the Hexi Army and Chief Commandant of the Palace Ward.
52
真宗嗣位，以翊戴功，加檢校太傅、領天平軍節度。 咸平二年秋，大閱禁兵二十萬於東郊，超執五方旗以節進退，上御戎幄觀之，面賜褒獎。 從幸大名，與都虞候張進並為先鋒。 都大點檢傅潛逗撓得罪，以超為侍衛馬步軍都虞候、鎮州行營都部署，又帥鎮、定、高陽關三路。 契丹入邊，與戰於遂城西，俘馘二萬計，斬其裨王騎將十五人，手詔褒美。
When Zhenzong succeeded, Wang Chao was rewarded for supporting the enthronement with the honorary title Grand Preceptor and command of Tianping Army. In autumn of the second year of Xianping, two hundred thousand palace troops were reviewed at the eastern suburb. Chao bore the five-direction flags to command the drill; the emperor watched from a military pavilion and praised him in person. When the emperor went to Daming, Chao and Chief Commandant Zhang Jin served jointly as vanguard. Chief Inspector Fu Qian was punished for hesitation; Chao replaced him as Chief Commandant of the Palace Cavalry and Infantry and field commander at Zhenzhou, commanding the Zhen, Ding, and Gaoyang Pass lines. When the Khitan crossed the border he fought west of Suicheng, taking some twenty thousand heads and captives and killing fifteen Khitan princes and cavalry commanders. The emperor sent a personal edict of praise.
53
李繼遷陷清遠軍，以超將西面行營之師禦之，徙帥永興軍。 宰相言超材堪將帥，遂以超帥定州路行營，王繼忠副之。 尋加鎮、定、高陽關三路都部署，密遣中使賜以御弓矢，許便宜從事。 加開府儀同三司、檢校太尉。 咸平六年，遼師大入，超召鎮州桑贊、高陽關周瑩率兵會定州，瑩以非詔旨不至。 遼兵圍望都，超、贊率兵赴之，陣於縣南六里。 繼忠在陣東偏，契丹出其背，遮絕糧道，人馬乏困，繼忠馳前與契丹戰，超、贊遂旋師，繼忠孤軍沒焉。 上即遣劉承珪、李允則馳往，察退衄之狀，且言鎮州副部署李福、拱聖軍都指揮使王昇當戰先旋，福坐削籍，流封州，昇決杖，配隸瓊州。
After Li Jiqian seized Qingyuan Army, Chao was ordered to lead the western field army against him and was transferred to command Yongxing Army. Grand councilors declared Chao fit for high command; he was made field commander on the Dingzhou Route with Wang Jizhong as his deputy. He was soon made overall commander of the Zhen, Ding, and Gaoyang Pass lines. The emperor secretly sent a palace envoy with the imperial bow and arrows and authorization to act at his discretion. He received the honorary titles Grand General with ceremonial rank equal to the Three Excellencies and Grand Marshal. In the sixth year of Xianping the Liao invaded in force. Chao summoned Sang Zan from Zhenzhou and Zhou Ying from Gaoyang Pass to rendezvous at Dingzhou; Ying refused, claiming no imperial order had reached him. Liao forces besieged Wangdu. Chao and Zan marched to relieve the city and drew up battle lines six li south of the county seat. Jizhong held the eastern flank. The Khitan struck from the rear and cut the supply line; men and horses were exhausted. Jizhong charged the Khitan alone while Chao and Zan withdrew—and Jizhong's isolated detachment was wiped out. The emperor immediately dispatched Liu Chenggui and Li Yunze to investigate the rout. Deputy commander Li Fu of Zhenzhou and Chief Commander Wang Sheng of the Palatial Sacred Army were found to have withdrawn first: Fu was struck from the rolls and exiled to Fengzhou; Sheng was flogged and assigned to Qiongzhou.
54
景德初，上親巡澶淵，召超赴行在，復緩師期，契丹遂深入。 會南北通好，故薄其責，止罷超三路帥，為崇信軍節度使，徙知河陽。 又移鎮建雄，知青州，卒。 贈侍中，再贈尚書令，追封魯國公，諡武康。
At the start of the Jingde era the emperor went in person to Chanyuan and summoned Chao to the camp—but Chao again delayed, and the Khitan drove deep into Song territory. Peace was restored between north and south, so his punishment was light: he was merely stripped of the three-route command, appointed military commissioner of Chongxin Army, and transferred to Heyang. He was later transferred to command Jianxiong and serve as prefect of Qingzhou, and died there. He was posthumously honored as Palace Attendant, then as Director of the Department of State Affairs, enfeoffed as Duke of Lu, and given the posthumous name Wukang ("Martial and Steadfast").
55
超為將善部分，御下有恩。 與高瓊同典禁旅，嘗休假他適，過營壘，軍校不時將迎，瓊即命箠罰，超以為非公行，不當加罪，人稱其恕。 然臨軍寡謀，拙於戰鬥。 子德用。
As a commander Chao was skilled at disposition and generous to his men. He and Gao Qiong jointly commanded the palace guard. Once on personal leave Chao passed a camp whose officer failed to salute in time; Qiong ordered him beaten, but Chao argued that an unofficial journey should not be punished—people praised his forbearance. Yet in the field he lacked stratagem and proved awkward in combat. His son was Wang Dezuo.
56
子德用
Son: Wang Dezuo
57
德用，字元輔。 父超為懷州防禦使，補衙內都指揮使。 至道二年，分五路出兵擊李繼遷，超帥兵六萬出綏、夏，德用年十七，為先鋒，將萬人戰鐵門關，斬首十三級，俘掠畜產以數萬計。 進師烏白池，他將多失道不至，虜銳甚，超按兵不進，德用請乘之，得精兵五千，轉戰三日，敵勢卻。 德用曰：「歸師迫險必亂。」 乃領兵距夏州五十里，絕其歸路，下令曰：「亂行者斬！」 一軍肅然，超亦為之按轡。 繼遷躡其後，左右望見隊伍甚嚴整，莫敢近。 超撫其背曰：「王氏有子矣。」
Wang Dezuo, courtesy name Yuanfu. While his father Chao served as defense commissioner of Huaizhou, Dezuo was appointed commander of the yamen guard. In the second year of Zhidao five armies marched against Li Jiqian; Chao led sixty thousand men through Sui and Xia. Dezuo, seventeen, served as vanguard with ten thousand men, fought at Tiemen Pass, took thirteen heads, and captured tens of thousands of livestock. At Wubai Pool most allied generals lost their way and never arrived. The enemy was fierce; Chao held back. Dezuo asked leave to strike, took five thousand elite troops, and fought for three days until the enemy withdrew. Dezuo said, "A retreat through dangerous ground is sure to turn into a rout." He then took up a position fifty li from Xiazhou and blocked the retreat, ordering: "Break ranks and die!" The whole army held its order; even Chao tightened his grip on the reins. Li Jiqian pursued from the rear, but his scouts saw ranks so disciplined that none dared close. Chao clapped him on the back and said, "The Wang family has borne a son!"
58
累遷內殿崇班，以御前忠佐為馬軍都軍頭，出為邢、洺、磁、相巡檢。 盜張洪霸相聚界上，吏不能捕。 德用以氈車載勇士，詐為婦人飾，過邯鄲。 賊果來邀，勇士奮出，悉禽之。 徙督捕陝西東路，盜賊相戒曰：「此禽張洪霸者。」 皆相率逃去。 為環慶路指揮使，尋以奏事忤旨，責授鄆州馬步軍都指揮使。 歷內殿直都虞候、殿前左班都虞候、柳州刺史，遷捧日左廂都指揮使、英州團練使。
He rose to Honored Company of the Inner Hall and Chief Commander of the Horse Army as a Trusted Assistant Before the Throne, then served as military inspector of Xing, Ming, Ci, and Xiang prefectures. The bandit Zhang Hongba gathered a gang on the border that officials could not break. Dezuo loaded brave men into felt-covered carts disguised as a women's procession and passed through Handan. The bandits took the bait; the warriors sprang out and captured them all. Transferred to supervise capture on Shaanxi's Eastern Route, bandits warned one another: "This is the man who took Zhang Hongba." They fled in droves. He served as commander of Huanqing Circuit but was demoted to Chief Commander of Yanzhou's cavalry and infantry after a memorial displeased the throne. He served successively as Chief Commandant of the Inner Hall Guard, Chief Commandant of the Left Division Before the Palace, and prefect of Liuzhou, then became Chief Commander of the Left Wing of the Sun-Rising Guard and regimental commissioner of Yingzhou.
59
天聖初，以博州團練使知廣信軍。 城壞久不治，德用率禁軍增築之，有詔褒諭。 徙冀州，歷龍神衛、捧日天武四廂都指揮使、康州防禦使、侍衛親軍步軍馬軍都虞候。 召還，又為幷代州馬步軍副都總管，遷殿前都虞候、步軍副都指揮使。 歷桂州、福州觀察使。
At the start of the Tiansheng era he served as military prefect of Guangxin Army with the rank of regimental commissioner of Bozhou. The walls had long lain in ruins; Dezuo led palace troops to rebuild and extend them, earning an imperial commendation. He transferred to Jizhou and rose through Chief Commander of the four wings of the Dragon Spirit, Sun-Rising, and Heavenly Martial guards, defense commissioner of Kangzhou, and Chief Commandant of the palace guard infantry and cavalry. Recalled to court, he served as deputy overall commander of Bing and Dai's cavalry and infantry, then as Chief Commandant Before the Palace and Deputy Chief Commander of the infantry. He served as observation commissioner of Guizhou and Fuzhou.
60
章獻太后臨朝，有求內降補軍吏者，德用曰：「補吏，軍政也，不可與。」 太后固欲與之，卒不奉詔，乃止。 太后崩，有司請衛士坐甲，德用曰：「非故事也。」 不奉詔。
When Empress Dowager Zhangxian held court, someone sought an informal edict to install a military clerk. Dezuo replied, "Clerk appointments are military affairs. They cannot be granted by private favor." The empress dowager insisted, but he refused the edict to the end, and the matter dropped. After the empress dowager's death officials asked that the guard stand under arms. Dezuo said, "That is not precedent." He refused the order.
61
仁宗閱太后閣中，得德用前奏軍吏事，奇之，以為可大用，拜檢校太保、簽書樞密院事。 德用謝曰：「臣武人，幸得以馳驅自效，賴陛下威靈，待罪行間足矣。 且臣不學，不足以當大事。」 帝遣使者趣入院，遂為副使。 久之，以奉國軍節度觀察留後同知院事，遷知院。 歷安德軍，加檢校太尉、定國軍節度使、宣徽南院使。 趙元昊反，德用請自將討之，不許。
Emperor Renzong, reviewing the late empress dowager's papers, found Dezuo's memorial on the clerk appointment and was impressed. Deeming him fit for high office, he appointed him Grand Lord of Suppression and Concurrent Signatory of the Bureau of Military Affairs. Dezuo demurred: "I am a soldier, Your Majesty, fortunate to serve at the saddle. To hold office by your grace is honor enough. I am unlettered and unfit for great affairs of state." The emperor sent an envoy to hurry him into office, and he became vice commissioner. In time, as acting military commissioner of Fengguo Army he served jointly at the bureau and was promoted to commissioner. He commanded Ande Army and received the titles Grand Marshal, military commissioner of Dingguo Army, and commissioner of the Southern Bureau of the Palace Domestic Service. When Zhao Yuanhao rebelled, Dezuo asked to lead the campaign himself; the request was denied.
62
德用狀貌雄毅，面黑，頸以下白晰，人皆異之。 言者論德用貌類藝祖，御史中丞孔道輔繼言之，且謂德用得士心，不宜久典機密，遂罷為武寧軍節度使、徐州大都督府長史。 有言德用市馬於府州者，上其券，乃市於商人者。 言者猶不已，降右千牛衛上將軍、知隨州，州置判官，家人皆惶恐，德用舉止言色如平時，惟不接賓客而已。 徙知曹州，或謂德用曰：「孔中丞害公，今死矣。」 德用曰：「中丞言官，豈害我者？ 朝廷亡一忠臣，可惜也。」 起為保靜軍節度觀察留後、知青州，改澶州。 陝西用兵久無功，契丹遣劉六符來求復關南地，以兵壓境。 德用見帝，流涕言：「臣前被罪，陛下赦而不誅，今不足辱命。」 帝慰勞，曰：「河北方警，借卿鎮撫之。」 又賜手詔慰勉，拜保靜軍節度使。 歲大熟，六符見德用拜曰：「此公仁政所及也。」 徙真定府、定州路都總管，還奏事，復以宣徽南院使判成德軍。 未行，徙定州路都總管。 日訓練士卒，久之，士殊可用。
Dezuo was rugged in bearing, with a dark face and fair skin from the neck down—a combination people found striking. Critics claimed Dezuo resembled Emperor Taizu in appearance; Censor-in-Chief Kong Daofu said the same and added that he had won the army's loyalty and should not long hold confidential power. He was dismissed to military commissioner of Wuning Army and chief secretary of Xuzhou. Accusers claimed Dezuo had traded for horses at Fuzhou; the receipts showed ordinary purchases from merchants. The accusations continued; he was demoted to Senior General of the Right Thousand-Ox Guard and prefect of Suizhou—with an overseer appointed to the prefecture. His household panicked, but Dezuo's manner never changed; he merely stopped receiving guests. Transferred to Caozhou, someone told Dezuo, "Censor Kong ruined you—and he is dead now." Dezuo replied, "The censor spoke as an official remonstrator. How could he have harmed me? The court has lost a loyal minister. That is the real pity." He was restored as acting military governor and observer of Baojing Army and prefect of Qing Prefecture, then transferred to Cao Prefecture. The western campaign had long failed; the Khitan sent Liu Liufu to demand return of the Guannan lands, pressing the border with troops. Dezuo saw the emperor and wept: "Your subject was once punished; Your Majesty spared my life—I am unworthy of this commission." The emperor comforted him: "Hebei is alarmed—I borrow you to pacify it." He also granted a hand-edict of encouragement and made him military governor of Baojing Army. That year the harvest was abundant; Liufu saw Dezuo and bowed, saying, "This is the reach of your benevolent rule." He was transferred to overall commander of Zhending and the Ding Prefecture Route; returning to report, he was again made Commissioner of the Southern Bureau of the Palace Domestic Service and regent of Chengde Army. Before he departed he was transferred to overall commander of the Ding Prefecture Route. He trained soldiers daily; in time the troops became exceptionally capable.
63
契丹使諜者來覘，或請捕殺之，德用曰：「第舍之，彼得實以告，是服人之兵以不戰也。」 明日大閱，援桴鼓之士皆踴躍，進退坐作，終日不戮一人。 乃下令：「具糗糧，聽吾鼓聲，視吾旗幟所向。」 覘者歸告契丹，謂漢兵將大入。 既而復議和，遂徙陳州，又徙河陽。 不行，入奉朝請，出判相州，拜同中書門下平章事、判澶州。 徙鄭州，封祁國公，還，為會靈觀使。
The Khitan sent spies; some asked to capture and kill them. Dezuo said, "Just let them go—they will report the truth, subduing the enemy without fighting." The next day he held a grand review; drum-beating troops leaped with spirit in advance, retreat, sitting, and forming ranks; all day not one man was punished. He then ordered, "Prepare dry rations, listen for my drum, and follow my banners." The spies returned and told the Khitan Han troops were about to invade in force. Shortly peace was discussed again and he was transferred to Chen Prefecture, then Heyang. He did not go, entered court attendance, went out as regent of Xiang Prefecture, and was made Grand Councilor and regent of Cao Prefecture. He was transferred to Zheng Prefecture, enfeoffed Duke of Qi, returned, and was made Commissioner of the Huiling Shrine.
64
德用素善射，雖老不衰。 侍射瑞聖園，辭曰：「臣老矣，不能勝弓矢。」 帝再三諭之，持二矢未發。 帝顧之，使必中，乃收弓矢謝，一發中的，再發又中。 帝笑曰：「德用欲中即中爾，孰謂老且衰乎？」 賜襲衣、金帶，加檢校太師，復判鄭州，徙澶州，改集慶軍節度使，封冀國公。 皇祐三年，上疏乞骸骨，以太子太師致仕，大朝會綴中書門下班。
Dezuo had long excelled at archery and, though old, did not decline. Attending archery at Ruicheng Garden, he declined: "Your subject is old and can no longer manage bow and arrow." The emperor repeatedly urged him; he held two arrows without loosing. The emperor looked at him and ordered him to hit; he put away bow and arrows and thanked him; one shot hit, a second hit again. The emperor smiled: "When Dezuo wishes to hit, he hits—who says he is old and failing?" He was granted a robe of honor and gold belt, additionally made Grand Preceptor, again regent of Zheng Prefecture, transferred to Cao Prefecture, changed to military governor of Jiqing Army, and enfeoffed Duke of Ji. In the third year of Huangyou he memorialized begging to retire; he retired as Grand Preceptor of the Crown Prince and at grand court assemblies stood at the end of the Grand Councilor rank.
65
德用將家子，習知軍中情偽，善以恩撫下，故多得士心。 雖屢臨邊境，未嘗親矢石、督攻戰，而名聞四夷，閭閻婦女小兒，皆呼德用曰「黑王相公」。
Born to a military family, Dezuo thoroughly knew army affairs and won subordinates with kindness; therefore he mostly won soldiers' hearts. Though he repeatedly faced the frontier and never personally braved arrows or directed assaults, his name was heard in the four quarters; lane women and alley children all called him "Black Wang the Grand Councilor."
66
帝嘗遣使問邊事，德用曰：「咸平、景德中，賜諸將陣圖，人皆死守戰法，緩急不相救，以至於屢敗。 誠願不以陣圖賜諸將，使得應變出奇，自立異效。」 帝以為然。
The emperor once sent an envoy to ask about frontier affairs; Dezuo said, "In Xianping and Jingde battle arrays were bestowed on generals; each clung to prescribed formations, would not rescue one another in urgency, and was repeatedly defeated. I truly wish battle arrays not be bestowed on generals, so they may respond to change with surprise and establish achievements of their own." The emperor agreed.
67
德用諸子中，咸融最鍾愛，晚年頗縱之，多不法，後更折節自飭，官至左藏庫使、眉州防禦使。
Among Dezuo's sons Xianrong was most beloved; in later years he indulged him freely and Xianrong often acted unlawfully; later Xianrong restrained himself and was made Commissioner of the Left Repository and defense commissioner of Mei Prefecture.
68
論曰：全義、德驤，遇知太祖、太宗，超復翊戴真宗，宜致崇顯，然堇堇無踰人者，而各有子勒勳於國籍。 若知節生將家，喜讀書，立朝爭事，以剛正稱天下，其邦之司直歟！ 有終起進士，明幹知兵，平蜀鉅賊，振聲鄰敵，可謂「肇敏戎公」矣。 至於精神折衝，名聞四夷，矯矯虎臣，則德用其有焉。
Discussion: Quanyi and Dexiang won recognition from Taizu and Taizong; Chao again supported Zhenzong's enthronement—they deserved eminence, yet each barely surpassed others, and each had a son who carved merit into the national records. Zhijie, born to a military family yet fond of books, contending in court and famed for stern uprightness—is he not the state's upright officer! Youzhong rose from the jinshi, was bright and capable and knew war, pacified the great Shu rebel, and shook neighboring enemies—he may be called one who "first showed keenness in military affairs." As for spirit that overawed the foe and name heard in the four quarters—a fierce tiger among ministers—Dezuo had that in him.