1
鄭𣪝
Zheng Jue
2
鄭𣪝，字致剛，建州人。 政和八年舉進士，授安陸府教授，權信陽縣尉，監南康酒稅。 遂召為御史臺主簿。 張邦昌之僭號也，挺身見高宗於濟州。 既即位，擢監察御史，遷右司諫，升為諫議大夫。
Zheng Jue, whose courtesy name was Zhigang, came from Jian Prefecture. In 1118 he earned his jinshi degree and held successive posts as professor in Anlu Prefecture, acting magistrate of Xinyang County, and overseer of the wine tax at Nankang. He was soon summoned to the Censorate as registrar. When Zhang Bangchang seized the throne, he went in person to present himself to the future Emperor Gaozong at Jizhou. Once Gaozong had ascended the throne, Zheng was promoted to investigating censor, then right remonstrance officer, and finally remonstrance grandee.
3
帝至杭州，𣪝奏曰：「陛下南渡出於倉卒，省臺寺監、百司之臣獲濟者鮮，當擢吳中之秀以為用。 況天下賢俊多避地吳、越，宜令守臣體訪境內寄居待闕，及見任宮觀等京朝官以上，各具姓名以聞，簡拔任使，庶幾速得賢才以濟艱厄。」 詔從之。
When the emperor reached Hangzhou, Zheng Jue submitted a memorial: "Your Majesty's flight south was hurried, and few officials from the central ministries and bureaus made it through safely. You should promote outstanding men from the Wu region to serve the court. Moreover, many talented men have fled to Wu and Yue. Local officials should be instructed to seek out within their jurisdictions those living there while awaiting appointment, as well as capital officials currently holding palace sinecures, report their names, and select the best for office—so that worthy men may be found quickly to meet the present emergency." The court approved his proposal.
4
苗傅、劉正彥等逆亂，𣪝庭立面折二凶，且謂逆賊凶焰熾甚，非請外援無可為者。 乃上章待罪求去，退見呂頤浩，議興復計，太后降詔不允。 朱勝非言𣪝面折二凶事，拜御史中丞。
When Miao Fu and Liu Zhengyan rose in rebellion, Zheng Jue stood in court and rebuked the two ringleaders to their faces, declaring that the rebels' power was too great and that outside help would be indispensable. He then submitted a memorial accepting blame and asking to resign, withdrew to confer with Lü Yihao on plans to restore the throne, and the empress dowager issued an edict refusing to let him go. Zhu Shengfei reported how Zheng Jue had confronted the two rebels in court, and Zheng was appointed vice censor-in-chief.
5
時二凶竊威福之柄，肆行殺戮，日至都堂侵紊機政。 𣪝言：「黃門宦者之設，本以給事內庭，供掃除而已。 俾與政事，則貪暴無厭，待以兵權，則慘毒無已，皆前世已行之驗也。 故宦官用事於上，則生人受禍於下，匹夫力不能勝，則群起而攻之。 是以靖康之初，群起而攻之者庶民也； 睿聖皇帝南渡，駐蹕未安，群起而攻之者眾兵也。 今當痛革前弊，並令選擇其人，曾經事任招權納寵者，屏之遠方，俾無浸淫以激眾怒，則賞罰之柄自朝廷出，國勢尊矣。 仍諭軍法便宜，止行於所轄軍伍，其餘當聞之朝廷，付之有司，明正典刑，所以昭尊君之禮而全臣子忠義之節也。」 疏留中不出。 𣪝對，請付外行之。
At that time the two rebels had seized control of rewards and punishments, slaughtered at will, and came daily to the chief council chamber to meddle in government. Zheng Jue said, "Eunuchs of the Yellow Gate were originally created only to serve the inner palace and attend to menial tasks. If they are allowed into government, they grow insatiably greedy and brutal; if they are given military command, their cruelty knows no bounds—history has proved this again and again. When eunuchs hold power at court, the people below suffer; when ordinary men cannot defeat them alone, the masses rise up against them. At the start of the Jingkang reign it was commoners who rose against them; when the retired emperor crossed south and the court had not yet settled, it was the soldiery who rose against them. We must now root out these abuses completely. Choose men carefully; anyone who has previously held office by currying favor and seizing power should be sent far away, lest gradual encroachment provoke the people's wrath. Then rewards and punishments will issue from the court alone, and the state's authority will be restored. Commanders should also be told that discretionary military justice applies only within their own units; all other cases must be reported to the court and handled by the proper offices under established law. This will uphold the ritual of honoring the sovereign and preserve the integrity of loyal service." The memorial was held back and not promulgated. Zheng Jue responded in audience and asked that it be issued for implementation.
6
又論：「黃潛善、汪伯彥均於誤國，而潛善之罪居多，今同以散官竄謫湖南； 錢伯言與黃願皆棄城，呂源與梁揚祖皆擁兵而逃，今願罷官，揚祖落職，而源、伯言未正典刑，非所以勸懲。」 詔竄削有差。
He also argued, "Huang Qianshan and Wang Boyan both harmed the state, yet Qianshan's guilt was the greater; now both are exiled to Hunan with the same reduced rank; Qian Boyan and Huang Yuan both abandoned their cities; Lü Yuan and Liang Yangzu both fled with their troops. Yuan has been dismissed and Yangzu stripped of office, yet Yuan and Boyan have not been punished under the law—this is no way to encourage loyalty or deter cowardice." An edict ordered varying degrees of exile and demotion.
7
傅、正彥日至都堂議事，𣪝奏：「將帥之臣不可預政。」 及聞以簽書樞密院召呂頤浩，以禮部尚書召張浚，分張俊兵以五百人歸陝西，而浚不受尚書之命，俊不肯分所部兵，遂謫浚居郴州，擢俊以節度知鳳翔。 𣪝知出二凶姦謀，具章乞留頤浩知金陵，浚不當貶，不報。 𣪝遂遣所親謝嚮變姓名，微服為賈人，徒步如平江見浚等，具言城中事，以為嚴設兵備，大張聲勢，持重緩進，使賊自遁，無驚動三宮，此上策也。 浚等聞之，皆感激奮厲為赴難計。
Fu and Zhengyan came daily to the chief council chamber to deliberate; Zheng Jue memorialized, "Military commanders must not take part in civil government." When he learned that Lü Yihao had been summoned as deputy director of the Bureau of Military Affairs and Zhang Jun as minister of rites, and that five hundred of Zhang Jun's troops were to be sent back to Shaanxi—but Zhang Jun refused the ministerial appointment and Zhang Jun would not divide his forces—Zhang Jun was exiled to Chenzhou while Zhang Jun was promoted to military commissioner of Fengxiang. Zheng Jue saw that this came from the rebels' scheming and submitted a detailed memorial asking that Yihao be kept at Jinling and that Jun not be demoted; the court did not reply. Zheng Jue then sent his confidant Xie Xiang, who assumed another name, dressed as a merchant, and walked to Pingjiang to see Zhang Jun and the others. He reported fully on conditions in the capital and urged them to array their forces carefully, display great strength, and advance deliberately so that the rebels would withdraw on their own without alarming the imperial family—the best course, he said. When Zhang Jun and the others heard this, they were deeply moved and resolved to march to the rescue.
8
俄詔睿聖皇帝為皇太弟、天下兵馬大元帥，幼主為皇太侄，即與大臣進議，以為：「在庭公卿、百司、群吏皆昔之臣屬也，今則與之比肩事主矣。 稽之於古，則無所法； 行之於今，則實逆天。 或者謂大元帥可以任軍旅之大事，臣竊以為不然。 昔舜之禪禹也，猶命禹徂征有苗，則禹雖受禪，而征伐之事舜猶親之也。 唐睿宗傳位皇太子，以聽小事，自尊為太上皇，以聽大事。 如是無不可者，則稽之於古為有法，行之於今為得宜。」
Soon an edict named the retired emperor grand imperial younger brother and commander of all armies, and the young emperor imperial nephew. Zheng Jue at once discussed the matter with the chief ministers, saying, "Every minister and official in court was once their subject; now they stand shoulder to shoulder serving the same lord. Measured against antiquity, there is no precedent; applied today, it truly defies Heaven's order. Some argue that the grand marshal may be entrusted with major military affairs, but I respectfully disagree. When Shun abdicated to Yu, he still ordered Yu to campaign against the Miao; though Yu had received the throne, Shun himself still directed military affairs. When Tang Ruizong passed the throne to the crown prince, the prince handled minor affairs while Ruizong took the title of retired emperor to handle major affairs. If that is done, there will be precedent in antiquity and propriety in the present."
9
太后垂簾同聽政，以安人心。 退與御史王庭秀上疏力爭。 太后召𣪝與宰執同對簾前，𣪝乞召庭秀，太后諭曰：「今欲令睿聖皇帝總領兵馬爾。」 𣪝奏曰：「臣不知其他，但人君位號豈容降改，聞之天下，孰不懷疑。 雖前世衰亂分裂之時，固未有旬日之間易兩君，一朝降兩朝位號者也。」 太后令𣪝至都堂，朱勝非出朱昞等所上書以示𣪝、庭秀，𣪝、庭秀力言昨日詔書不可宣布，必召變。 勝非與執政顏歧、王孝迪、路允迪皆在坐，尚書左丞張澄獨曰：「事勢若此，豈爭此名位耶？」 澂欲出，𣪝等共止之。
The empress dowager should rule from behind the curtain to reassure the people. He withdrew and, together with Censor Wang Tingxiu, submitted a forceful joint memorial of protest. The empress dowager summoned Zheng Jue and the chief ministers to audience behind the curtain. Zheng asked that Wang Tingxiu be summoned as well. The empress dowager said, "We now intend the retired emperor to take overall command of the armies." Zheng Jue replied, "I know nothing of other matters, but how can a sovereign's titles be lowered and changed? When the world hears of it, who will not be filled with doubt? Even in ages of decline and division, never within ten days were two rulers changed and two imperial titles lowered in a single morning." The empress dowager sent Zheng Jue to the chief council chamber. Zhu Shengfei produced memorials from Zhu Bing and others for Zheng and Wang to see. They argued forcefully that yesterday's edict must not be issued, warning that it would surely provoke disaster. Shengfei and the chief administrators Yan Qi, Wang Xiaodi, and Lu Yundi were all present. Left vice minister Zhang Cheng alone said, "When affairs stand thus, why quarrel over titles?" Cheng tried to leave, but Zheng Jue and the others together restrained him.
10
𣪝與李邴並為端明殿學士、同簽書樞密院事。 高宗復位，進簽書，執政甫百日而卒。 高宗甚悼之，謂大臣：「朕喪元子，猶能自排遣，於𣪝殆不能釋也。」
Zheng Jue and Li Bing were both appointed academicians of the Hall of Brilliant Clarity and joint deputy directors of the Bureau of Military Affairs. When Gaozong was restored to the throne, Zheng was promoted to deputy director; he had served in high office barely a hundred days when he died. Gaozong grieved deeply and told his ministers, "When I lost my eldest son I could still console myself, but over Zheng Jue I can scarcely find peace."
11
王庭秀 〈附〉
Wang Tingxiu 〈Appended biography〉
12
庭秀，字潁彥，慈溪人。 與黃庭堅、楊時遊，其為學旁搜遠紹，不苟趣時好，造詣深遠，操植堅正，發為文辭，俊邁宏遠。 登政和二年上舍第，歷官州縣。
Wang Tingxiu, whose courtesy name was Yingyan, came from Cixi. He associated with Huang Tingjian and Yang Shi. In scholarship he ranged widely and drew on distant sources, refusing to chase current fashions. His attainments were profound and his conduct upright; his writings were lofty, vigorous, and far-reaching. In 1112 he passed the upper dormitory examination and served in various prefectural and county posts.
13
侍御史李光薦為御史臺檢法官。 宣和、靖康時，進言皆發於忠義。 御史中丞言：「偽楚時庶官中如虞謨、王庭秀者，初非疾病，毅然致為臣而歸，願褒擢之。」 拜監察御史，奏乞威斷當出於人主，而所遣宣諭官，當令舉廉吏。 又言：「刑名有疑慮者，令州郡法官申憲司閱實具奏，以取裁決。」 遷殿中侍御史，論黃潛善賣官售寵，罷之。
Attending Censor Li Guang recommended him as reviewing law officer of the Censorate. During the Xuanhe and Jingkang reigns, his memorials were invariably driven by loyalty and righteousness. The vice censor-in-chief said, "Among lower officials during the puppet Chu regime, men such as Yu Mo and Wang Tingxiu were not ill but resolutely resigned their posts and returned to the Song. I ask that they be rewarded and promoted." He was appointed investigating censor and memorialized that decisive authority must rest with the sovereign, and that imperial envoys should be required to recommend upright officials. He also said, "Where criminal cases raise doubts, prefectural judges should report to the surveillance commission for verification and memorialization so that the court may decide." He was promoted to palace attending censor, impeached Huang Qianshan for selling offices and currying favor, and brought about his dismissal.
14
既與鄭𣪝力爭降封高宗事，未幾出知瑞州，右正言呂祉奏：「朝廷今日緣論大臣移一言官，明日罷一言官，則後日大臣行事有失，誰敢言者。」 遂召為吏部郎，改左司，言：「朝廷比來深疾貪吏，然州縣之間豈無廉介自將、沈於下僚者？ 宜命五使，所至以廉潔清修、可以師表吏民者，以名來上，參之公議，不次升擢，以厲士風。」 從之。
After he and Zheng Jue had forcefully opposed demoting Gaozong's titles, he was soon sent out to govern Ruizhou. Right remonstrance officer Lü Zhi memorialized, "If the court today transfers a remonstrance officer for disputing a minister, and tomorrow dismisses one, then when ministers err in future, who will dare speak up?" He was recalled as a director in the Ministry of Personnel and transferred to the Left Department. He said, "The court has lately hated corrupt officials, yet are there not upright men in the prefectures and counties who remain stuck in low posts? The five commissioners should be instructed to report the names of officials who are incorrupt and exemplary wherever they travel; after public review they should be promoted out of turn to encourage upright conduct among scholars." The court approved his proposal.
15
遷檢正中書門下省諸房公事，與宰相議多不合，不自安，引疾求去。 詔直秘閣、主管崇道觀而歸。
He was transferred to reviewing administrator of Secretariat-Chancellery affairs, often clashed with the chief councilor, felt uneasy, and cited illness to resign. An edict named him direct attendant of the Secretariat Pavilion and superintendent of the Chongdao Abbey, and he retired.
16
仇悆，字泰然，益都人。 大觀三年進士，授邠州司法，讞獄詳恕，多所全活。 為鄧城令，滿秩，耆幼遮泣不得去。 徙武陟令，屬朝廷方調兵數十萬於燕山，悆饋餉畢給。 時主將縱士卒過市掠物，不予直，他邑官逃避，悆先期趣備，申嚴約束，遂以不擾。 已而悆送運餉於涿，值大軍潰於盧溝河，囊橐往往委以資敵，悆間關營護，無一豪棄失。
Chou Yu, whose courtesy name was Tairan, came from Yidu. In 1109 he earned his jinshi degree and was appointed judicial officer of Bin Prefecture. He judged cases with care and mercy, sparing many lives. As magistrate of Dengcheng, when his term ended the old and young blocked his path weeping and would not let him go. He was transferred to magistrate of Wuzhi. The court was then mobilizing hundreds of thousands of troops at Yanshan, and Yu supplied their provisions in full. The commanding general then allowed his troops to plunder the markets without paying fair prices. Officials elsewhere fled, but Yu prepared in advance, enforced strict discipline, and kept his district undisturbed. Later he escorted supply convoys to Zhuo. When the main army was routed at the Lugou River and baggage was abandoned everywhere to the enemy, Yu made his way through hardship guarding the convoy without losing a single item.
17
調高密丞，俗尚嚚訟，悆攝縣事，剖決如流，事無淹夕，民至懷餅餌以俟決遣。 猾吏楊蓋每陰疏令過，脅持為姦，悆暴其罪黥之，無不悅服。 州闕司錄，命悆攝事，既行，邑氓萬餘邀留，至擁歸縣廨，時天寒，皆然火警守，布滿後先，悆由它道得出，或追拜馬首曰：「公舍我去，我必使公復來。」 它日，悆方白事郡牙，忽數千人徑奪以歸，守將弗能遏。 劇寇起萊、密間，素聞悆名，戒其黨毋犯高密境，民賴以安。 密卒閉關叛掠，害官吏幾盡，獨呼曰：「無驚仇公。」
He was transferred to assistant magistrate of Gaomi, where vexatious litigation was common. Acting magistrate, he decided cases with ease and cleared the docket each day; people brought cakes and pastries to await his judgments. The crafty clerk Yang Gai often secretly reported the magistrate's faults to extort and commit crimes. Yu exposed his crimes and had him tattooed as punishment, and everyone approved. When the prefecture lacked a registrar, Yu was ordered to act in that post. As he set out, more than ten thousand townspeople blocked his way and even carried him back to the county yamen. In the cold weather they lit fires along the road to keep watch. Yu escaped by another route; some pursued him and bowed at his horse's head, saying, "If you leave us, sir, we shall surely bring you back." Another day, as Yu was reporting to the prefectural office, several thousand men suddenly seized him and carried him back; the defending commander could not stop them. Fierce bandits rose between Lai and Mi. Having long heard of Chou Yu's reputation, they warned their followers not to enter Gaomi, and the people were kept safe. Mi troops closed the passes in rebellion, plundering and killing officials almost to the last man; they alone cried, "Do not harm Master Chou."
18
南遷，丁母憂。 服除，知建昌軍，入為考功員外。 時仕者宛轉兵間，亡失告牒十常七八，而銓部無案籍，訴丐者甚多，真偽錯亂。 悆親為考覈，其可據者悉責保識，因上聞行之。
When the court moved south, he entered mourning for his mother. When mourning ended, he governed Jianchang Army, then entered the capital as vice director of the Ministry of Personnel's merit section. Officials then wandered amid warfare; seven or eight in ten had lost their appointment documents, yet the selection ministry had no records. Petitioners were many and truth and falsehood were hopelessly confused. Yu personally examined each case; those that could be verified were required to provide guarantors, and the system was reported to the throne and put into practice.
19
遷右司及中書門下檢正諸房公事，俄為沿海制置使。 明守與宰相厚善，紿言士卒將為變，致遣精兵密捕。 統制官徐文覺之，初謀縱軍剽略，頃之泛海去，呼曰：「我以仇公故，不殺人，不焚屋廬。」 一城晏然。 猶坐削兩官，主管太平觀。
He was transferred to the Right Department and reviewing administrator of Secretariat-Chancellery affairs, and soon became coastal commissioner. The prefect of Ming was close to the chief councilor and deceived him by claiming the troops were about to mutiny, causing elite soldiers to be sent in secret to arrest them. The controller Xu Wen learned of this. He had at first planned to let his troops plunder, but soon sailed away across the sea, crying, "For Master Chou's sake I will not kill or burn houses." The whole city remained at peace. Yu was still demoted two ranks and appointed superintendent of the Taiping Abbey.
20
以淮西宣撫知廬州。 劉豫子麟合金兵大入，民情洶懼。 宣撫司統制張琦者，冀乘危為亂，驅居民越江南走。 欲先脅悆出，擁甲士數千突入，露刃登樓，揚白麾，左右驚潰，迫悆上馬。 悆徐謂曰：「若輩無守土責，吾當以死徇國，寇未至而逃，人何賴焉。」 堅不為動，神色無少異。 琦等錯愕，遽散其徒，人心遂定。
As Huaixi pacification commissioner he governed Luzhou. Liu Yu's son Lin joined the Jin armies in a major invasion, and the people were greatly alarmed. The pacification commission's controller Zhang Qi hoped to exploit the crisis to stir rebellion and drove the residents to flee south across the Yangzi. He meant first to force Chou Yu to flee, led several thousand armored men in a sudden assault, bared their blades and climbed the tower, waved a white banner, and as attendants fled in panic forced Yu onto a horse. Chou Yu said calmly, "You bear no duty to guard this territory. I shall die for the state. If we flee before the enemy even arrives, whom can the people rely on?" He refused to budge, his expression unchanged. Zhang Qi and his men were abashed and hastily dispersed their followers, and popular sentiment settled.
21
時金人出入近境，悆求援於宣撫司，不報。 又遣其子自間道赴朝廷告急，雖旌其子以官，而援卒不至。 帝方下詔親征，而詔亦不至淮甸，喧言將棄兩淮為保江計。 悆錄詔語揭之郡縣，讀者至流涕，咸思自奮。 監押閻僅死於賊，餘眾來歸，州帑匱竭，無以為賞，悆悉引班坐，犒以酒食，慰勞之，眾皆感勵。 募廬、壽兵得數百，益鄉兵二千，出奇直抵壽春城下，敵三戰皆北，卻走度淮。 其後麟復增兵來寇，悆復壽春，俘馘甚眾，獲旗械數千，焚糧船百餘艘，降渤海首領二人。
Jin troops were then moving in and out of the nearby borderlands. Chou Yu requested aid from the pacification commission but received no reply. He also sent his son by a secret route to report the emergency to the court. Though his son was rewarded with an office, relief troops never came. The emperor had just issued an edict for a personal campaign, yet the edict never reached the Huai region, and rumor spread that the two Huai districts would be abandoned to secure the Yangzi. Chou Yu copied the edict and posted it in the prefectures and counties. Readers wept, and all resolved to fight. Supervisor Yan Jin had died fighting bandits, and the survivors came in. The prefectural treasury was empty and there was nothing for rewards. Chou Yu had them all sit in ranks, feasted them with food and drink, and comforted them—and all were deeply moved. He recruited several hundred troops from Lu and Shou, added two thousand local militia, and launched a surprise attack straight to Shouchun. The enemy was defeated in three battles and retreated across the Huai. Later Lin again reinforced his army to invade. Chou Yu recovered Shouchun, took many prisoners and heads, seized thousands of banners and weapons, burned more than a hundred grain boats, and received the surrender of two Bohai chieftains.
22
初，金人圍濠州，旬日未下，屬天寒，馬多僵死，乃悉眾向淮東。 樞密使張浚方視師金陵，悆以策說之曰：「金重兵在淮東，師老食匱，若以精兵二萬一自壽陽，一自漢上，徑趨舊京，當不戰而退，繼以大軍尾擊，蔑有不濟者。 昔人謂『一日縱敵，數世之患』，願無失時之悔。」 浚不能用。
At first the Jin besieged Haozhou for ten days without success. The cold killed many of their horses, and they then marched their entire force toward Huaidong. Bureau director Zhang Jun was then inspecting troops at Jinling. Chou Yu urged a plan on him: "The Jin have massed their army in Huaidong; their troops are weary and their supplies exhausted. Send twenty thousand elite troops—one column from Shouyang, one from the Han River—straight for the old capital, and the enemy should withdraw without a fight. Then follow with a larger army, and success is certain. The ancients said that to let the enemy go for a day brings trouble for generations. Do not miss this moment and regret it later." Zhang Jun would not adopt the plan.
23
麟復以步騎數千至合肥，諜言兀朮為之殿，人心怖駭，不知所為。 會京西制置使遣牛皋統兵適至，悆顧左右曰：「召牛觀察來擊賊。」 皋既至，以忠義撼之，皋素勇甚，以二千餘騎馳出，短兵相接，所向披靡，敵稍懾，散而復集者三。 其副徐慶忽墜馬，敵競赴之，皋掖以上，手刜數人，因免胄大呼曰：「我牛皋也，嘗四敗兀朮，可來決死。」 寇畏其名，遂自潰。 以悆克復守禦功，加徽猷閣待制。
Lin again advanced on Hefei with several thousand foot and horse. Spies reported that Wuzhu was covering the rear, and the people were terrified, not knowing what to do. Just then the Jingxi commissioner sent Niu Gao with troops, who arrived in time. Chou Yu turned to his attendants and said, "Summon Commissioner Niu to attack the enemy." When Niu Gao arrived, Yu stirred him with talk of loyalty and righteousness. Niu Gao was famously brave and charged out with more than two thousand cavalry in close combat, sweeping all before him. The enemy wavered and scattered and regathered three times. His lieutenant Xu Qing suddenly fell from his horse and the enemy rushed at him. Gao pulled him up, cut down several men with his own hand, then removed his helmet and shouted, "I am Niu Gao! I have defeated Wuzhu four times—come and fight to the death!" The enemy feared his name and broke and fled. For his merit in recovering and defending the territory, Chou Yu was promoted to attendant gentleman of the Hall of Imperial Proclamations.
24
明年，宣撫司始遣大將王德來，時寇已去，德謂其伍曰：「當事急時，吾屬無一人渡江擊賊，今事平方至，何面目見仇公耶？」 德麾下多女真、渤海歸附者，見悆像，不覺以手加額。
The next year the pacification commission at last sent the great general Wang De, but the enemy had already gone. Wang De said to his men, "When the crisis came, not one of us crossed the river to fight. Now that it is over we arrive—what face have we to show Master Chou?" Many Jurchen and Bohai who had submitted served under Wang De. When they saw Chou Yu's portrait, they instinctively placed their hands on their foreheads in respect.
25
初，宣撫司既不以一卒援諸郡，但令焚積聚，棄城退保，文移不絕於道，又請浚督行之。 浚檄悆度其宜處之，悆謂：「殘破之餘，兵食不給，誠不能支敵。 然帥臣任一路之責，誓當死守。 今若委城，使金人有淮西，治兵艦於巢湖，必貽朝廷憂。」 力陳不可，浚韙其言，而卒全活數州之眾。 尋詔詣闕，軍民號送之。
At first the pacification commission sent not a single soldier to aid the prefectures but only ordered supplies burned and cities abandoned. Documents flowed endlessly along the roads, and they also asked Zhang Jun to supervise enforcement. Zhang Jun ordered Chou Yu to judge what was appropriate. Yu replied, "After devastation we lack troops and provisions—we truly cannot withstand the enemy. Yet a commander bears responsibility for an entire circuit and has sworn to defend it to the death. If we abandon the city now and let the Jin hold western Huai and build warships on Chaohu Lake, we will surely bring grave worry upon the court." He argued forcefully against it. Zhang Jun approved his view, and in the end the populations of several prefectures were saved. Soon an edict summoned him to court, and soldiers and civilians wept as they escorted him on his way.
26
改浙東宣撫使、知明州，以挫豪強、獎善良為理。 吏受賕，雖一錢不貸，姦猾斂跡。 州罹兵火既燬，悆斥廚錢助其費，買田行鄉飲酒禮。 歲饑，發官儲損其直，民無死徙。 朝廷聞之，進秩一等。
He was transferred to Zhedong pacification commissioner and governor of Ming Prefecture, governing by curbing the powerful and rewarding the virtuous. Officials who took bribes were not spared even for a single coin, and the crafty and corrupt fell silent. The prefecture had been ravaged by war and fire. Yu spent his kitchen funds to help with expenses and bought land to conduct the village drinking ceremony. In a year of famine he released government grain at reduced prices, and the people suffered no deaths or migrations. When the court heard of this, his rank was raised one grade.
27
再召，進對，帝親加褒諭，欲留置近密。 言者以悆在郡多黥胥吏為慘酷，請授外藩。 時峒獠未息，乃進直學士，為湖南安撫使，禁盜鑄錢者，趣使為農，物價既平，商賈遂通。 數月，召還，加寶文閣學士、陝西都轉運使。 時金人無故歸侵疆，詭計叵測，悆力陳非策，固辭不行。 秦檜方主和議，以為異己，落職，以左朝奉郎、少府少監分司西京，全州居住。
He was summoned again and advanced to audience. The emperor personally praised him and wished to keep him close at court. Critics said that in the prefecture Yu often tattooed clerks and was cruel, and asked that he be sent to an outer province. The cave tribes were not yet pacified. He was advanced to direct academician and made Hunan pacification commissioner, banned illicit coining, urged people to farm, stabilized prices, and commerce flourished. After several months he was recalled and promoted to academician of the Hall of Treasured Literature and Shaanxi transport commissioner. The Jin had without cause returned invaded territory, and their schemes were unfathomable. Yu argued forcefully that this was a bad policy and firmly refused the appointment. Qin Hui was directing the peace talks and regarded him as an opponent. Yu was demoted to left court gentleman for attendance and vice director of the Palace Workshops with nominal service at the Western Capital, and restricted to residence in Quan Prefecture.
28
起知河南府，未行，金人果復陷所歸郡邑，如悆言。 乃復待制，再知明州，改知平江府，陛辭，言：「我軍已習戰，非復前日，故劉錡能以少擊眾，敵大挫衄，若乘已振之勢，鼓行而前，中原可傳檄而定。」 上嘉之。 以言罷，提舉太平觀。 積官至左朝議大夫，爵益都縣伯。 卒，贈左通議大夫。
He was appointed to govern Henan Prefecture but had not yet departed when the Jin indeed seized the returned prefectures and counties, just as Yu had predicted. He was restored as attendant gentleman, again governed Ming Prefecture, and was transferred to Pingjiang Prefecture. At his farewell audience he said, "Our army has learned to fight and is no longer what it was. Liu Qi defeated a larger force with fewer men and the enemy suffered a great defeat. If we seize this renewed momentum and march forward, the Central Plains can be recovered by proclamation alone." The emperor praised his words. Because of his words he was dismissed and made superintendent of the Taiping Abbey. He rose through the ranks to left policy grandee and was ennobled as baron of Yidu County. He died and was posthumously granted the title of left master of policy.
29
悆性至孝，母沒時，方崎嶇轉徙，居喪盡禮。 沿海制置使陳彥文薦於朝，起復之，悆不就。 悆端方挺特，自初官訖通顯，無所附麗。 令鄧城時，丞相范宗尹方為邑子，以文謁悆。 悆他日語其父：「是子公輔器也。」 宗尹既當國，未嘗以私見。 悆在明州，嘗欲薦一幕官，問曰：「君日費幾何？」 對以「十口之家，日用二千」。 悆驚曰：「吾為郡守費不及此，屬僚所費倍之，安得不貪。」 遂止。
Yu was supremely filial. When his mother died amid the hardships of flight south, he still observed mourning with full ritual propriety. Coastal commissioner Chen Yanwen recommended him to the court for recall from mourning, but Yu refused. Yu was upright and independent; from his first office to high rank he never attached himself to any faction. When he was magistrate of Dengcheng, the future chief councilor Fan Zongyin was then a local youth and presented his writings to Yu. Yu one day told his father, "This boy has the makings of a chief minister." After Zongyin came to power, Yu never visited him for private favor. When Yu was in Ming Prefecture he once wished to recommend a staff officer and asked, "How much do you spend each day?" He answered, "For a household of ten, two thousand cash a day." Yu was startled and said, "As prefect my expenses do not reach that; a subordinate spending twice as much—how can he not be corrupt?" He dropped the recommendation.
30
高登，字彥先，漳浦人。 少孤，力學，持身以法度。 宣和間，為太學生。 金人犯京師，登與陳東等上書乞斬六賊。 廷臣復建和議，奪种師道、李綱兵柄，登與東再抱書詣闕，軍民不期而會者數萬。 王時雍縱兵欲盡殲之，登與十人屹立不動。
Gao Deng, whose courtesy name was Yanxian, came from Zhangpu. Orphaned young, he studied hard and conducted himself by strict moral standards. During the Xuanhe reign he was a student at the Imperial Academy. When the Jin attacked the capital, Gao Deng joined Chen Dong and others in a memorial demanding the execution of the Six Traitors. Court ministers again proposed peace and stripped Zhong Shidao and Li Gang of military command. Deng and Dong again carried petitions to the palace, and tens of thousands of soldiers and civilians gathered spontaneously. Wang Shiyong unleashed troops to annihilate them, but Deng and ten others stood firm without moving.
31
欽宗即位，擢吳敏、張邦昌為相，敏又雪前相李邦彥無辜，乞加恩禮起復之。 登上書曰：
When Emperor Qinzong ascended the throne, Wu Min and Zhang Bangchang were made chief councilors. Min also cleared the former chief councilor Li Bangyan of wrongdoing and asked that he be recalled with honors. Gao Deng submitted a memorial:
32
再上書曰：「臣以布衣之微賤，臣言繫宗社之存亡，未可忽也。」 於是凡五上書，皆不報。 因謀南歸，忽聞邦昌各與遠郡，一時小人相繼罷斥，與所言偶合者十七八，登喜曰：「是可以盡言矣。」 復為書論敏未罷，不報。
He submitted another memorial: "I am but a humble commoner, yet my words bear on the survival of the state and must not be ignored." In all he submitted five memorials, and none received a reply. He planned to return south. Suddenly he heard that Bangchang had been sent to distant prefectures and that petty men were being dismissed one after another—seventeen or eighteen matching what he had urged—and Deng rejoiced, "Now I may speak fully." He wrote again arguing that Wu Min had not been dismissed; again there was no reply.
33
初，金人至，六館諸生將遁去，登曰：「君在可乎？」 與林邁等請隨駕，隸聶山帳中，而帝不果出。 金人退師，敏遂諷學官起羅織，屏斥還鄉。
When the Jin first arrived, students of the Six Halls were about to flee. Deng said, "While the sovereign is still here, can we leave?" With Lin Mai and others he asked to follow the imperial progress and was attached to Nie Shan's camp, but the emperor did not depart in the end. When the Jin withdrew, Min prompted the academy officers to fabricate charges and had Deng expelled to his home.
34
紹興二年，廷對，極意盡言，無所顧避，有司惡其直，授富川主簿。 憲董弅聞其名，檄讞六郡獄，復命兼賀州學事。 學故有田舍，法罷歸買馬司，登請復其舊。 守曰：「買馬、養士孰急？」 登曰：「買馬固急矣，然學校禮義由出，一日廢，衣冠之士與堂下卒何異？」 守曰：「抗長吏耶！」 曰：「天下所恃以治者，禮義與法度爾，既兩棄之，尚何言！」 守不能奪，卒從之。 攝獄事，有囚殺人，守欲奏裁曰：「陰德可為。」 登曰：「陰德豈可有心為之，殺人者死，而可幸免，則被死之冤何時而銷？」
In 1132, at the palace examination audience, he spoke his mind fully without holding back. The authorities hated his bluntness and appointed him recorder of Fuchuan. Surveillance commissioner Dong Bi heard of him and dispatched him to judge cases in six prefectures' prisons, then also put him in charge of Hezhou school affairs. The school had once owned field estates, but by regulation they had been transferred to the Horse Purchasing Directorate. Deng asked that the old arrangement be restored. The prefect said, "Buying horses and nurturing scholars—which is more urgent?" Deng said, "Buying horses is urgent, but ritual and righteousness come from the schools. Once abandoned, how are scholars in cap and gown different from hall attendants?" The prefect said, "You defy your superior!" He said, "The realm relies on ritual, righteousness, and law for order. Having abandoned both, what more is there to say!" The prefect could not prevail and in the end agreed. While handling prison affairs, a prisoner had committed murder. The prefect wished to memorialize for discretionary leniency, saying, "One may perform hidden merit." Deng said, "Hidden merit cannot be performed with deliberate intent. Murderers must die. If they escape punishment, when will the wrong done to the victims be redressed?"
35
滿秩，士民丐留不獲，相率饋金五十萬，不告姓名，白於守曰：「高君貧無以養，願太守勸其咸受。」 登辭之，不可，復無所歸，請置於學，買書以謝士民。 歸至廣，會新興大饑，帥連南夫檄發廩振濟，復為糜於野以食之，願貸者聽，所全活萬計。 歲適大稔，而償亦及數。 民投牒願留者數百輩，因奏辟終其任。
When his term ended, scholars and commoners begged to keep him but failed. They together presented five hundred thousand cash without giving their names and told the prefect, "Master Gao is poor and cannot support himself. We ask the prefect to urge him to accept it all." Deng declined but could not refuse. With nowhere else to put the money, he placed it with the school and bought books to thank the people. Returning to Guang, he encountered severe famine in Xinxing. Commander Lian Nanfu ordered granaries opened for relief. Deng also made gruel in the fields to feed people, allowed borrowing of grain, and saved tens of thousands of lives. That year brought a great harvest, and repayment also reached the expected amount. Several hundred people submitted petitions asking to keep him, and he was memorialized for appointment to complete his term.
36
召赴都堂審察，遂上疏萬言及《時議》六篇，帝覽而善之，下六議中書。 秦檜惡其譏己，不復以聞。
He was summoned to the chief council hall for examination and submitted a ten-thousand-word memorial and six chapters of Contemporary Discussions. The emperor read them with approval and sent the six chapters to the Secretariat. Qin Hui hated that Deng had criticized him and no longer reported the memorials to the throne.
37
授靜江府古縣令，道湖州，守汪藻館之。 藻留與修《徽宗實錄》，固辭，或曰：「是可以階改秩。」 登曰：「但意未欲爾。」 遂行。 廣西帥沈晦問登何以治縣，登條十餘事告之。 晦曰：「此古人之政，今人詐，疑不可行。」 對曰：「忠信可行蠻貊，謂不能行，誠不至爾。」 豪民秦琥武斷鄉曲，持吏短長，號「秦大蟲」，邑大夫以下為其所屈。 登至，頗革，而登喜其遷善，補處學職。 它日，琥有請屬，登謝卻之，琥怒，謀中以危法。 會有訴琥侵貸學錢者，登呼至，面數琥，聲氣俱厲，叱下，白郡及諸司置之法，忿而死，一郡快之。
He was appointed magistrate of Guxian in Jingjiang Prefecture. Passing through Huzhou, Prefect Wang Zao lodged him as a guest. Wang Zao asked him to stay and help compile the Veritable Records of Emperor Huizong, but he firmly declined. Someone said, "That could advance your rank." Deng said, "I simply do not wish to." He then departed. Guangxi commander Shen Hui asked Deng how to govern a county. Deng listed more than ten points. Shen Hui said, "That is the government of the ancients. People today are deceitful—I doubt it can work." He replied, "Loyalty and sincerity can prevail even among barbarians. To say it cannot work means one's sincerity has not yet been sufficient." The local bully Qin Hu tyrannized the countryside, held officials' faults over them, and was called "Great Worm Qin." District officials below the magistrate all bowed to him. When Deng arrived, Qin Hu changed considerably. Deng was pleased at his turning toward goodness and gave him a school post. Another day Qin Hu asked a favor. Deng politely refused. Qin Hu grew angry and plotted to trap him with a capital charge. Someone then sued Qin Hu for embezzling school funds. Deng summoned him, rebuked him to his face in a thunderous voice, shouted him down, and reported to the prefecture and various offices to punish him by law. Qin Hu died of rage and the whole prefecture rejoiced.
38
帥胡舜陟謂登曰：「古縣，秦太師父舊治，實生太師於此，盍祠祀之？」 登曰：「檜為相亡狀，祠不可立。」 舜陟大怒，摭秦琥事，移荔浦丞康寧以代登，登以母病去。 舜陟遂創檜祠而自為記，且誣以專殺之罪，詔送靜江府獄。 舜陟遣健卒捕登，屬登母死舟中，藁葬水次，航海詣闕上書，求納官贖罪，帝閔之。 故人有為右司者，謂曰：「丞相云嘗識君於太學，能一見，終身事且無憂，上書徒爾為也。」 登曰：「某知有君父，不知有權臣。」 既而中書奏故事無納官贖罪，仍送靜江獄。 登歸葬其母，訖事詣獄，而舜陟先以事下獄死矣，事卒昭白。
Commander Hu Shunzhi said to Deng, "Guxian was where Grand Preceptor Qin's father once governed, and the grand preceptor was born here. Why not establish a shrine to worship him?" Deng said, "When Qin Hui was chief councilor his conduct was deplorable. A shrine must not be established." Shunzhi was furious, seized on the Qin Hu affair, transferred Lipu assistant magistrate Kang Ning to replace Deng, and Deng left because of his mother's illness. Shunzhi then founded a shrine to Qin Hui and wrote the inscription himself, and also falsely charged Deng with unauthorized killing. An edict ordered him sent to Jingjiang prison. Shunzhi sent strong soldiers to arrest Deng. Deng's mother died on the boat; he buried her in a simple rite at the water's edge, sailed to court to submit a memorial, and asked to surrender his office to redeem his guilt. The emperor pitied him. An old friend in the Right Department said to him, "The chief councilor says he knew you at the Imperial Academy. If you see him once, you will have nothing to worry about for life. Memorials are useless." Deng said, "I know my sovereign and father; I do not know powerful ministers." The Secretariat then reported that precedent had no provision for surrendering office to redeem guilt, and he was still sent to Jingjiang prison. Deng returned to bury his mother. When the rites were finished he went to prison, but Shunzhi had already been imprisoned on other charges and died. The matter was finally cleared.
39
廣漕鄭鬲、趙不棄辟攝歸善令，遂差考試，摘經史中要語命題，策閩、浙水災所致之由。 郡守李仲文即馳以達檜，檜聞震怒，坐以前事，取旨編管容州。 漳州遣使臣謝大作持省符示登，登讀畢，即投大作上馬，大作曰：「少入告家人，無害也。」 登曰：「君命不敢稽。」 大作愕然。 比夜，巡檢領百卒復至，登曰：「若朝廷賜我死，亦當拜敕而後就法。」 大作感登忠義，為泣下，奮劍叱巡檢曰：「省符在我手中，無它語也。 汝欲何為，吾當以死捍之。」 鬲、不棄亦坐鐫一官。
Guang transport commissioners Zheng Ge and Zhao Buqi appointed him acting magistrate of Guishan. He was then assigned to conduct examinations, drawing topics from key passages in the classics and histories, and set a question on the causes of flooding in Fujian and Zhejiang. Prefect Li Zhongwen immediately sent it by urgent dispatch to Qin Hui. When Hui heard, he was furious and, on the basis of former affairs, obtained an edict to confine Deng in Rong Prefecture. Zhangzhou sent envoy Xie Dazuo with provincial documents for Deng. When Deng finished reading, he immediately mounted Dazuo's horse. Dazuo said, "Go in briefly to tell your family—it will do no harm." Deng said, "I dare not delay the sovereign's command." Dazuo was startled. By night the patrol officer returned with a hundred soldiers. Deng said, "If the court orders my death, I should still receive the edict with obeisance before submitting to the law." Dazuo was moved by Deng's loyalty, wept, brandished his sword, and shouted at the patrol officer, "The provincial document is in my hands—there is nothing else to say. What do you intend? I shall defend him with my life." Ge and Buqi were also demoted one rank.
40
登謫居，授徒以給，家事一不介意，惟聞朝廷所行事小失，則顰蹙不樂，大失則慟哭隨之，臨卒，所言皆天下大計。 後二十年，丞相梁克家疏其事以聞。 何萬守漳，言諸朝，追復迪功郎。 後五十年，朱熹為守，奏乞褒錄，贈承務郎。
Deng lived in exile, teaching pupils for a living and caring nothing for household affairs. When he heard the court commit small errors he frowned with displeasure; when great errors occurred he wept. Near death, his words were all great plans for the realm. Twenty years later Chief Councilor Liang Kejia memorialized the matter to the court. He Wan, prefect of Zhangzhou, spoke of it at court, and Deng was posthumously restored as diligent merit gentleman. Fifty years later Zhu Xi was prefect and memorialized requesting official recognition. Deng was posthumously granted attendant gentleman for affairs.
41
登事其母至孝，舟行至封、康間，阻風，方念無以奉晨膳，忽有白魚躍於前。 其學以慎獨為本，所著《家論》、《忠辨》等編，有《東溪集》行世。
Deng served his mother with supreme filial piety. Traveling by boat between Feng and Kang, he was blocked by wind and worried he had nothing for her morning meal when a white fish suddenly leaped before him. His learning took cautious solitude as its foundation. He authored Household Discourses, Discrimination of Loyalty, and other works; his Collected Works of East Creek circulated in the world.
42
婁寅亮
Lou Yinliang
43
婁寅亮，字陟明，永嘉人。 政和二年進士，為上虞丞。 建炎四年，高宗至越，寅亮上疏云：
Lou Yinliang, whose courtesy name was Zhiming, came from Yongjia. In 1112 he earned his jinshi degree and served as assistant magistrate of Shangyu. In 1130, when Gaozong reached Yue, Yinliang submitted a memorial:
44
「先正有言：『太祖舍其子而立弟，此天下之大公； 周王薨，章聖取宗室育之宮中，此天下之大慮也。』 仁宗感悟其說，詔英祖入繼大統。 文子文孫，宜君宜王，遭罹變故，不斷如帶。 今有天下者，獨陛下一人而已。 屬者椒寢未繁，前星不耀，孤立無助，有識寒心。 天其或者深戒陛下，追念祖宗公心長慮之所及乎？ 崇寧以來，諛臣進說，獨推濮王子孫以為近屬，餘皆謂之同姓，遂使昌陵之後，寂寥無聞，奔迸藍縷，僅同民庶。 恐祀豐於昵，仰違天監，太祖在天莫肯顧歆，是以二聖未有回鑾之期，金人未有悔禍之意，中原未有息肩之日。 臣愚不識忌諱，欲乞陛下於子行中遴選太祖諸孫有賢德者，視秩親王，俾牧九州，以待皇嗣之生，退處藩服，並選宣祖、太宗之裔，材武可稱之人，升為南班，以備環衛。 庶幾上慰在天之靈，下係人心之望。」
" A former worthy said, "Taizu set aside his son and established his younger brother—this was the great public-mindedness of the realm; when Prince Zhou died, Emperor Zhangsheng took a clansman and raised him in the palace—this was the great forethought of the realm." Emperor Renzong was moved by this doctrine and ordered Emperor Yingzu to succeed to the throne. His cultured sons and grandsons, fit to rule as kings, suffered calamity and were cut off like a severed belt. He who now possesses the realm is Your Majesty alone. Lately the inner quarters have not flourished, the heir apparent does not shine, you stand alone without aid, and the discerning are chilled at heart. Has Heaven perhaps deeply admonished Your Majesty to recall the public-mindedness and long forethought of your ancestors? Since the Chongning era, fawning ministers have promoted only descendants of Prince Pu as close kin while calling all others mere same-surname clansmen. Thus Taizu's descendants have been forgotten, fleeing in rags scarcely different from commoners. I fear sacrifices favor the near at hand but violate Heaven's regard, and Taizu in Heaven will not look down with favor. Therefore the two emperors have no date of return, the Jin show no intent to repent, and the Central Plains have no day of rest. Your humble servant does not know taboo and begs Your Majesty to select a worthy grandson of Taizu from among the princes, treat him as an imperial prince, and let him govern the realm while awaiting the birth of an heir, then retire to princely status. Also select descendants of Xuanzu and Taizong of proven martial talent for the southern ranks as palace guards. Thus comforting the spirits in Heaven and binding the people's hopes."
45
帝讀之感悟，樞密富直柔薦之。
The emperor read it and was deeply moved; bureau director Fu Zhirou recommended him.
46
紹興元年，召赴行在，以其言宗社大計也。 既入見，復上疏曰：
In 1131 he was summoned to the mobile court because his words concerned the survival of the state. After entering audience he again submitted a memorial:
47
「陛下轍迹所環，六年於外，險阻艱難，備嘗之矣。 然而二聖未還，金人未滅，四方未靖者，何哉？ 天意若曰：天祚宋德，太祖不私其子而保之，不幸姦邪誤國而壞之，將使嗣聖念祖，思危而後獲之，乃所以申其永命也。 臣誠狂妄，去歲上章，請陛下取太祖諸孫之賢者，視秩親王，使牧九州，誤蒙采聽，赦而不誅。 茲蓋在天之靈發悟聖心，為社稷計，非愚臣之所及也。 伏望宣告大臣行之，它日皇子之生，使之退處清暇，不過增一節度使爾。 陛下以太祖之心，行章聖之慮，自然孝弟感通，兩宮回蹕，澤流萬世。」
" Your Majesty has been abroad six years and has tasted every danger and hardship. Yet the two emperors have not returned, the Jin are not destroyed, and the realm is not pacified—why? Heaven's intent seems to be: Heaven blesses the Song; Taizu did not favor his own son but preserved the realm; treacherous villains misled the state and ruined it; the succeeding sage must remember the ancestors, heed peril, and then attain restoration—thus extending its everlasting mandate. I was truly reckless. Last year I requested that Your Majesty select a worthy grandson of Taizu, treat him as an imperial prince, and let him govern the realm. I was mistakenly heard and pardoned rather than executed. This surely is the spirits in Heaven awakening Your Majesty's heart for the sake of the state—not something I could have achieved. I humbly hope Your Majesty will proclaim this for the chief ministers to carry out. When a prince is born hereafter, let him retire to leisure—it would mean no more than adding one military commissioner. If Your Majesty with Taizu's heart carries out Zhangsheng's forethought, filial piety will naturally move Heaven, the two palaces will return, and blessings will flow for ten thousand generations."
48
改令入官，擢監察御史。 時相秦檜以其直柔所薦，惡之，諷言者論寅亮匿父喪不舉，下大理鞫問，無實，猶坐為族父冒占官戶罷職，送吏部，由是坐廢。
He was changed to enter official service and promoted to investigating censor. Chief councilor Qin Hui, whom Fu Zhirou had recommended, hated him and prompted critics to charge Yinliang with concealing his father's death. The Court of Judicial Review found no truth in it, yet he was still dismissed for a clansman's falsely occupying an official household register and sent to the Ministry of Personnel—thereby ruined.
49
宋汝為
Song Ruwei
50
時劉豫節制東平，丞相呂頤浩因致書豫。 汝為行次壽春，遇完顏宗弼軍，不克與時亮會，獨馳入其壁，將上國書。 宗弼盛怒，劫而縛之，欲加僇辱。 汝為一無懼色，曰：「死固不辭，然銜命出疆，願達書吐一辭，死未晚。」 宗弼顧汝為不屈，遂解縛延之曰：「此山東忠義之士也。」 命往見豫，汝為曰：「願伏劍為南朝鬼，豈忍背主不忠於所事。」 力拒不行，乃至京師，瀕死者數四。
At that time Liu Yu controlled Dongping, and chief councilor Lü Yihao sent him a letter. Ruwei stopped at Shouchun, encountered Wanyan Zongbi's army, could not join Shi Liang, and alone galloped into the enemy camp to present the state letter. Zongbi was furious, seized and bound him, and meant to humiliate him. Ruwei showed no fear and said, "I do not refuse death, but bearing command beyond the border I wish to deliver the letter and speak one word—then death would not be too soon." Zongbi saw that Ruwei would not yield, untied his bonds, and received him, saying, "This is a loyal and righteous man of Shandong." He ordered him to see Liu Yu. Ruwei said, "I would rather fall before the sword and be a ghost of the Southern Court than betray my lord and be disloyal to whom I serve." He forcefully refused. He reached the Jin capital only after nearly dying four times.
51
豫僭號，汝為持頤浩書與之，開陳禍福，勉以忠義，使歸朝廷。 豫悚而立曰：「使人！ 使人！ 使豫自新南歸，人誰直我，獨不見張邦昌之事乎？ 業已至此，夫復何言。」 即拘留汝為。 然以汝為儒士，乃授通直郎、同知曹州以誘之，固辭。 遂連結先陷於北者淩唐佐、李亙、李儔為腹心，以機密歸報朝廷。 唐佐等所遣僧及卒為邏者所獲，汝為所遣王現、邵邦光善達，朝廷皆官之。
When Liu Yu usurped a title, Ruwei bore Lü Yihao's letter to him, explained fortune and calamity, urged loyalty and righteousness, and sought to make him return to the Song court. Liu Yu rose in alarm and said, "Envoy! Envoy! If you make me renew myself and return south, who will speak for me? Have you not seen what happened to Zhang Bangchang? Matters have already come to this—what more is there to say?" He thereupon detained Ruwei. Yet because Ruwei was a scholar, they offered him direct gentleman and vice governor of Caozhou to entice him; he firmly declined. He then joined with Ling Tangzuo, Li Geng, and Li Chou, who had earlier been trapped in the north, as his inner circle and reported secrets back to the Song court. Monks and soldiers sent by Tangzuo and others were captured by patrols. Wang Xian and Shao Bangguang sent by Ruwei reached the court successfully, and the court gave them offices.
52
紹興十三年，汝為亡歸，作《恢復方略》獻於朝，且曰：「今和好雖定，計必背盟，不可遽馳。」 時秦檜當國，置不復問。 獨禮部尚書蘇符憐之，為言於朝，換宣教郎，添差通判處州。 高宗憶其忠，特轉通直郎。
In 1143, Ruwei escaped and returned, composed Strategy for Restoration and presented it to the court, and said, "Though peace is now settled, they are sure to break the treaty—you must not rush to act." At that time Qin Hui held power and ignored it. Only Minister of Rites Su Fu pitied him and spoke for him at court. He was made instruction gentleman with additional assignment as vice governor of Chuzhou. Gaozong remembered his loyalty and specially promoted him to direct gentleman.
53
汝為遂上丞相書，言：「用兵之道，取勝在於得勢，成功在乎投機。 女真乘襲取契丹之銳，梟視狼顧，以窺中原，一旦長驅直搗京闕，升平既久，人不知兵，故彼得投其機而速發，由是猖獗兩河，以成盜據之功。 既而關右、河朔豪傑士民避地轉鬥，從歸聖朝，將士戮力，削平群盜，破逐英雄，百戰之餘，勇氣萬倍。 回思曩昔，痛自慚悔，人人扼腕切齒，願當一戰。 加以金人兵老氣衰，思歸益切，是以去歲順昌孤壘，力挫其鋒。 方其狼狽逃遁之際，此國家乘勝進戰之時也。 惜乎王師遽旋，撫其機而不發，遂未能殄滅醜類，以成恢復之功。 今聞其力圖大舉，轉輸淮北，其設意豈小哉！ 所慮秋冬復肆猖獗，兀朮不死，兵革不休，雖欲各保邊陲，安可得也？ 今當乘去歲淮上破賊之勢，特降哀痛之詔，聲言親征，約諸帥長驅直搗，某月日各到東京，協謀並力，以俘馘兀術為急。」
Ruwei then wrote to the chief councilor, saying, "In warfare, victory lies in gaining momentum; success depends on seizing opportunity. The Jurchen rode the momentum of defeating the Khitan, eyed the Central Plains like wolves, and in one thrust drove straight to the capital. Peace had lasted so long that people knew nothing of war; they seized their opportunity and struck swiftly, running rampant through the two He regions to establish their hold. Then heroes and people of the northwest and Hebei fled and fought their way back to the Song court. Officers and soldiers joined their strength, crushed bandits, and defeated enemy champions. After a hundred battles their courage was ten thousandfold. Looking back on the past, each man repents in shame, clenches his fist, grinds his teeth, and longs for one decisive battle. Moreover the Jin troops are aged and weary, their longing to return ever keener—thus last year at the lone fortress of Shunchang their advance was forcefully blunted. Just as they fled in disarray, this was the time for the state to press its advantage. Alas, the imperial army swiftly withdrew, stroked the opportunity but did not seize it, and thus could not destroy the enemy to accomplish restoration. Now I hear they are planning a major campaign and transporting supplies north of the Huai—their intent is surely no small matter! I fear that in autumn and winter they will run rampant again. While Wuzhu lives, war will not cease—though each wishes only to secure the borders, how can that be achieved? Now we should ride the momentum of last year's victory on the Huai, issue a grief-stricken edict proclaiming a personal campaign, appoint the commanders to advance straight forward, each to reach Dongjing on a set date, join plans and combine strength, and make capturing Wuzhu the urgent task."
54
又言：「兀朮好勇妄作，再起兵端，所共謀者，叛亡群盜而已。 去夏諸帥各舉，金人奔命敗北之不暇，兀朮深以為慮，故為先發制人之動，所恃者不過自能聚兵合勢，料王師以諸帥分軍爾。 今計其步騎不過十萬，王師雲集，其眾數倍，合勢刻期，並進戮力，何憂乎不勝？ 若以諸帥難相統屬，宜除川、陝一路，專當撒離喝，權合諸帥為兩節制，公選大臣任觀軍容為宣慰之職，往來調和諸帥，使之上下同心，左右戮力，則勢既合不為賊所料矣。 不然，分軍出陳、蔡，直搗東都，賊必首尾勢分，復以重兵急擊，然後以舟師自淮繇新河入鉅野澤，以步兵自洛渡懷、衛入太行山，以襲其內。 舟師入鉅野，則齊魯搖，步兵入太行，則三晉應，賊勢雖欲合而不分，亦難乎為計矣。」
He also said, "Wuzhu loves courage and acts recklessly. He raises arms again—the only ones he plots with are renegade bandits. Last summer the commanders each advanced and the Jin fled north in defeat. Wuzhu was deeply troubled and therefore struck first. He relies only on gathering troops and combining strength, calculating that the imperial army will divide forces among the commanders. I estimate their infantry and cavalry do not exceed one hundred thousand. The imperial army gathers in far greater numbers. Combine forces, fix a date, advance together—why worry about not winning? If the commanders are hard to unify, set aside the Sichuan-Shaanxi circuit to deal with Salihun alone; temporarily combine the commanders into two regional commands; select a great minister as military observer and pacification commissioner to harmonize the commanders so that all join in one effort—then our strength will be united and the enemy cannot anticipate us. Otherwise, divide forces from Chen and Cai and strike straight at the eastern capital—the enemy must divide their forces. Then strike with heavy troops, send the fleet from the Huai through the new river into Juye Marsh, and send infantry from the Luo crossing through Huai and Wei into the Taihang Mountains to strike their interior. When the fleet enters Juye, Qi and Lu will be shaken; when infantry enter the Taihang, the three Jin regions will respond. Though the enemy wish to keep their forces united, they will find it hard to plan."
55
久之，有告汝為於金人以蠟書言其機事者，大索不獲，尋知南歸。 檜將械送金人，汝為變姓名為趙復，徒步入蜀。 汝為身長七尺，疏眉秀目，望之如神仙。 楊企道者，遇之溪上，企道曰：「必奇士也。」 款留之，見其議論英發，洞貫古今，靖康間離亂事歷言之，企道益驚，遂定交，假僧舍居之。
After a long time someone reported to the Jin that Ruwei had used secret wax letters to report confidential affairs. A great search found nothing, and soon they learned he had returned south. Qin Hui was about to send him in fetters to the Jin. Ruwei changed his name to Zhao Fu and walked into Shu. Ruwei stood seven chi tall, with sparse brows and elegant eyes; seen from afar he seemed an immortal. Yang Qidao met him by a stream and said, "He must be an extraordinary man." He detained him warmly. His discourse was brilliant and penetrating, thoroughly versed in past and present. He narrated in detail the disorders of the Jingkang era. Qidao was ever more astonished, and they became friends, lodging him in a borrowed monks' quarters.
56
檜死，汝為曰：「朝廷除此巨蠹，中原恢復有日矣。」 企道勸其理前事，汝為慨然太息曰：「吾結髮讀書，奮身一出，志在為國復仇，收還土宇，頗為諸公所知，命繆數奇，軋於權臣，今老矣，新進貴人，無知我者。」 汝為能知死期，嘗祭其先，終日大慟，將終，神氣不亂。
When Qin Hui died, Ruwei said, "The court has removed this great pest—the Central Plains will be restored before long." Qidao urged him to take up former affairs. Ruwei sighed deeply and said, "From youth I studied and threw myself into service, aiming to avenge the state and recover our territory. Many lords once knew me, but fate was perverse and I was crushed by powerful ministers. Now I am old, and the newly risen nobles do not know me." Ruwei knew the time of his death. He once sacrificed to his ancestors and wailed all day. Near the end, his spirit remained composed.
57
汝為俶儻尚氣節，博物洽聞，飲酒至斗餘，未嘗見其醉，或歌或哭，涕淚俱下。 其客蜀也，史載之、邵博、宇文亮、臣李燾相得甚歡，趙沂、王京魯、關民先、楊寀、惠疇經紀其喪事。
Ruwei was free-spirited and valued integrity, broadly learned and well informed. He could drink more than a dou at a sitting yet was never seen drunk. Sometimes he sang or wept with tears streaming down. While he sojourned in Shu, he was very close to Shi Zaizhi, Shao Bo, Yuwen Liang, and Li Tao. Zhao Yi, Wang Jinglu, Guan Minxian, Yang Cai, and Hui Chou managed his funeral.
58
三十二年，其妻錢莫知汝為死，詣登聞鼓院以狀進，詔索之不得。 隆興二年，其子南強以汝為之死哀訴於朝，參知政事虞允文，錢端禮以聞，特官一子。 有《忠嘉集》行世。
In the thirty-second year his wife Qian did not know Ruwei had died and went to the Petition Drum Court to submit a statement. An edict sought him but he could not be found. In 1164 his son Nanqiang mournfully appealed to the court concerning Ruwei's death. Participating in governance Yu Yunwen and Qian Duanli reported it, and one son was specially given an office. His Collected Works of Loyalty and Excellence circulated in the world.
59
論曰：高宗播遷，復有苗、劉之變，此何時也，鄭𣪝、王庭秀正色立朝，以爭君臣之義，顧不韙哉！ 仇悆愷悌君子，遺澤在民。 《易》曰「王臣蹇蹇」，高登有焉。 婁寅亮請立太祖後為太子，能言人臣之所難言，而高宗亦慨然從之，君仁而臣直乎！ 宋汝為歸自金國，論事切直，與寅亮俱迕秦檜，一則誣以罪譴，一則逃遁以死，於乎悕矣！
The commentary says: Gaozong was driven from the capital, and there came the Miao and Liu upheaval—what a time! Zheng Jue and Wang Tingxiu stood in court with stern countenance to fight for the righteousness of ruler and minister—how fearless! Chou Yu was a gentle and harmonious gentleman whose lingering grace remains among the people. The Book of Changes says, "The king's minister faces hardship upon hardship"—Gao Deng embodied this. Lou Yinliang requested establishing a descendant of Taizu as heir—he spoke what ministers find hard to say, and Gaozong followed with emotion—a benevolent lord and upright ministers indeed! Song Ruwei returned from the Jin; his counsel was cutting and direct. He and Yinliang both opposed Qin Hui—one was falsely charged and punished, the other fled and died—alas, how rare!