1
皇妣呂氏,以大統七年六月癸丑夜,生高祖於馮翊般若寺,紫氣充庭。 有尼來自河東,謂皇妣曰:「此兒所從來甚異,不可於俗間處之。」 尼將高祖舍於別館,躬自撫養。 皇妣嘗抱高祖,忽見頭上角出,徧體鱗起。 皇妣大駭,墜高祖於地。 尼自外入見曰:「已驚我兒,致令晚得天下。」 為人龍顏,額上有五柱入頂,目光外射,有文在手曰「王」。 長上短下,沈深嚴重。 初入太學,雖至親昵不敢狎也。
Gaozu's mother, Lady Lü, gave birth to him on the night of the guichou day in the sixth month of the seventh year of Datong at the Bore Temple in Fengyi, where purple vapor filled the courtyard. A nun from Hedong came to Lady Lü and said, "This child's origins are extraordinary; he cannot be raised among ordinary people." The nun placed Gaozu in a separate residence and raised him herself. Once when Lady Lü held Gaozu in her arms, she suddenly saw horns sprout from his head and scales cover his whole body. Terrified, Lady Lü dropped Gaozu to the ground. The nun came in from outside and said, "You have frightened my child and made him late in winning the realm." He had a dragon-like face, five ridges on his forehead running up into his crown, eyes whose light shot outward, and on his hand a mark that read "King." His upper body was long and his lower body short; he was grave, deep, and imposing. When he first entered the Imperial Academy, even those closest to him did not dare be familiar with him.
2
高祖位望益隆,帝頗以為忌。 帝有四幸姬,並為皇后,諸家爭寵,數相毀譖。 帝每忿怒謂后曰:「必族滅爾家。」 因召高祖,命左右曰:「若色動,即殺之。」 高祖既至,容色自若,乃止。
Gaozu's standing and prestige rose ever higher, and the Emperor grew quite jealous of him. The Emperor had four favorite consorts, all of whom he made empresses; their families vied for favor and repeatedly slandered one another. The Emperor often said in anger to the Empress, "I shall wipe out your entire clan." He then summoned Gaozu and ordered those beside him, "If his face changes, kill him at once." When Gaozu arrived, his expression remained perfectly calm, and the Emperor let the matter drop.
3
大象二年五月,以高祖為揚州總管,將發,暴有足疾,不果行。 乙未,帝崩。 時靜帝幼沖,未能親理政事。 內史上大夫鄭譯、御正大夫劉昉以高祖皇后之父,眾望所歸,遂矯詔引高祖入總朝政,都督內外諸軍事。 周氏諸王在藩者,高祖悉恐其生變,稱趙王招將嫁女於突厥為詞以徵之。 丁未,發喪。 庚戌,周帝拜高祖假黃鉞、左大丞相,百官總己而聽焉。 以正陽宮為丞相府,以鄭譯為長史,劉昉為司馬,具置僚佐。 宣帝時,刑政苛酷,羣心崩駭,莫有固志。 至是,高祖大崇惠政,法令清簡,躬履節儉,天下悅之。
In the fifth month of the second year of Daxiang, Gaozu was appointed regional commander of Yangzhou; just as he was about to set out, he suddenly fell ill in the foot and never went. On the yimwei day, the Emperor died. At that time Emperor Jing was still very young and could not personally handle affairs of government. The palace secretary grand master Zheng Yi and imperial rectifier grand master Liu Fang, seeing that Gaozu was the Empress's father and the man to whom public hope turned, forged an edict summoning him to take overall charge of court affairs and to command all military forces within and without. Gaozu feared that the Zhou princes stationed in their fiefs might stir up trouble, and so summoned them on the pretext that Prince Zhao Zhao was about to marry his daughter to the Turks. On the dingwei day, mourning was announced. On the gengxu day, the Zhou Emperor invested Gaozu with the provisional yellow axe and appointed him grand chancellor of the left; all officials routed affairs through him and obeyed his commands. The Zhengyang Palace was made the chancellor's residence; Zheng Yi was appointed chief administrator, Liu Fang administrator of affairs, and the full staff of assistants was installed. Under Emperor Xuan, punishments and government had been harsh and cruel; hearts everywhere had collapsed in fear, and no one held firm resolve. Now Gaozu greatly promoted benevolent government; laws and edicts were clear and simple, and he personally practiced frugality; all under Heaven rejoiced in him.
4
六月,趙王招、陳王純、越王盛、代王達、滕王逌並至于長安。 相州總管尉遲迥自以重臣宿將,志不能平,遂舉兵東夏。 趙、魏之士,從者若流,旬日之間,眾至十餘萬。 又宇文冑以滎州,石愻以建州,席毗以沛郡,[3]毗弟叉羅以兗州,皆應於迥。 迥遣子質於陳請援。 高祖命上柱國、鄖國公韋孝寬討之。 雍州牧畢王賢及趙、陳等五王,以天下之望歸於高祖,因謀作亂。 高祖執賢斬之,寢趙王等之罪,因詔五王劍履上殿,入朝不趨,用安其心。
In the sixth month, Prince Zhao Zhao, Prince Chen Chun, Prince Yue Sheng, Prince Dai Da, and Prince Teng You all arrived at Chang'an. Wei Chi Jiong, regional commander of Xiangzhou, considered himself a senior minister and veteran general and could not accept the new order; he raised troops in Eastern Xia. Men of Zhao and Wei followed him like a flowing stream; within ten days his force exceeded one hundred thousand. Yuwen Zhou also rose in Yingzhou, Shi Yun in Jianzhou, Xi Bi in Pei Commandery, and Bi's younger brother Chaluo in Yanzhou—all joined Jiong's rebellion. Jiong sent his son Zhi to Chen to request reinforcements. Gaozu ordered the pillar of the state and duke of the state of Yun, Wei Xiaokuan, to suppress him. Bi Wang Xian, governor of Yongzhou, and the five princes including Zhao and Chen, seeing that the hope of the realm rested with Gaozu, therefore plotted rebellion. Gaozu seized Xian and executed him, set aside the crimes of Prince Zhao and the others, and issued an edict granting the five princes the privilege of wearing sword and shoes in the palace and of entering court without hurrying, so as to reassure them.
5
七月,陳將陳紀、蕭摩訶等寇廣陵,吳州總管于顗轉擊破之。 廣陵人杜喬生聚眾反,刺史元義討平之。 韋孝寬破尉遲迥於相州,傳首闕下,餘黨悉平。 初,迥之亂也,鄖州總管司馬消難據州響應,淮南州縣多同之。 命襄州總管王誼討之,消難奔陳。 荊、郢羣蠻乘釁作亂,命亳州總管賀若誼討平之。 先是,上柱國王謙為益州總管,既見幼主在位,政由高祖,遂起巴、蜀之眾,以匡復為辭。 高祖方以東夏、山南為事,未遑致討。 謙進兵屯劍閣,陷始州。 至是,乃命行軍元帥、上柱國梁睿討平之,傳首闕下。 巴、蜀阻險,人好為亂,於是更開平道,毀劍閣之路,立銘垂誡焉。 五王陰謀滋甚,高祖齎酒肴以造趙王第,欲觀所為。 趙王伏甲以宴高祖,高祖幾危,賴元冑以濟,語在冑傳。 於是誅趙王招、越王盛。
In the seventh month, the Chen generals Chen Ji and Xiao Mohe and others raided Guangling; Yu Yi, regional commander of Wuzhou, turned and struck, defeating them. Du Qiaosheng of Guangling gathered a band and rebelled; Governor Yuan Yi suppressed and pacified him. Wei Xiaokuan defeated Wei Chi Jiong at Xiangzhou; his head was sent to the palace gates, and all remaining rebels were pacified. When Jiong's rebellion first broke out, Sima Xiaonan, regional commander of Yunzhou, held his commandery and joined in; many prefectures and counties in Huainan did the same. Gaozu ordered Wang Yi, regional commander of Xiangzhou, to suppress him; Xiaonan fled to Chen. The tribal peoples of Jing and Ying seized the opportunity to rebel; He Ruo Yi, regional commander of Bozhou, was ordered to suppress and pacify them. Earlier, the pillar of the state Wang Qian had been regional commander of Yizhou; seeing the young sovereign on the throne with power in Gaozu's hands, he raised the people of Ba and Shu under the banner of restoration. Gaozu was then occupied with affairs in Eastern Xia and south of the mountains and had no leisure to send a punitive force against him. Qian advanced his troops and encamped at Sword Pass, capturing Shizhou. At this point Gaozu ordered the campaigning marshal and pillar of the state Liang Rui to suppress and pacify him; his head was sent to the palace gates. Ba and Shu were rugged and their people prone to rebellion; Gaozu therefore opened a level road anew, destroyed the route through Sword Pass, and erected an inscription as an enduring warning. The five princes' secret plotting grew ever more intense; Gaozu brought wine and food to Prince Zhao's residence, wishing to see what they were up to. Prince Zhao hid armed men and entertained Gaozu at a feast; Gaozu was nearly killed and was saved through Yuancou—the full account is given in Yuancou's biography. Thereupon Prince Zhao Zhao and Prince Yue Sheng were executed.
6
九月,以世子勇為洛州總管、東京小冢宰。 壬子,周帝詔曰:「假黃鉞、使持節、左大丞相、都督內外諸軍事、上柱國、大冢宰、隋國公堅,感山河之靈,應星辰之氣,道高雅俗,德協幽顯。 釋巾登仕,搢紳傾屬,開物成務,朝野承風。 受詔先皇,弼諧寡薄,合天地而生萬物,順陰陽而撫四夷。 近者,內有艱虞,外聞妖寇,以鷹鸇之志,運帷帳之謀,行兩觀之誅,掃萬里之外。 遐邇清肅,實所賴焉。 四海之廣,百官之富,俱禀大訓,咸餐至道。 治定功成,棟梁斯託,神猷盛德,莫二於時。 可授大丞相,罷左、右丞相之官,餘如故。」
In the ninth month, the heir apparent Yong was appointed regional commander of Luozhou and junior grand marshal of the Eastern Capital. On the renzi day, the Zhou Emperor issued an edict: "Jian, Duke of the State of Sui, provisional bearer of the yellow axe, commissioner bearing credentials, grand chancellor of the left, commander of all military affairs within and without, pillar of the state, and grand marshal, has been moved by the numinous power of mountains and rivers and has answered to the spirit of the stars; his Way is lofty and transcends the vulgar world, and his virtue harmonizes the hidden and the manifest. He removed his headcloth and entered office; officials and gentry look to him; he opens up affairs and completes tasks; court and countryside follow his lead. Receiving the charge of the late Emperor, he assists and harmonizes my feeble self; he brings forth the myriad things in accord with Heaven and Earth, and pacifies the four barbarian directions in accordance with yin and yang. Recently, within there have been difficulties and tribulations, and without one hears of demonic rebels; with the resolve of a hawk and kite, he deploys stratagems from within his tent, executes punishments at the two towers, and sweeps clean lands ten thousand li away. Near and far are clear and orderly—this is truly what I rely upon. Across the vastness of the four seas, among the multitude of officials, all receive his great instruction and all partake of his supreme Way. When order is settled and merit achieved, the nation's pillar is entrusted to him; in divine counsel and splendid virtue, none in this age compare with him. He may be invested as grand chancellor; the offices of grand chancellor left and right are abolished; all else remains as before."
7
冬十月壬申,詔贈高祖曾祖烈為柱國、太保、都督徐兗等十州諸軍事、徐州刺史、隋國公,諡曰康; 祖禎為柱國、太傅、都督陝蒲等十三州諸軍事、同州刺史、隋國公,諡曰獻; 考忠為上柱國、太師、大冢宰、都督冀定等十三州諸軍事、雍州牧。 誅陳王純。 癸酉,上柱國、鄖國公韋孝寬卒。
In the tenth month of winter, on the renshen day, an edict posthumously invested Gaozu's great-grandfather Lie as pillar of the state, grand tutor, commander of all military affairs in ten prefectures including Xuzhou and Yanzhou, governor of Xuzhou, and duke of the state of Sui, with the posthumous title Kang; His grandfather Zhen was invested as pillar of the state, grand mentor, commander of all military affairs in thirteen prefectures including Shaan and Pu, governor of Tongzhou, and duke of the state of Sui, with the posthumous title Xian; His father Zhong was invested as supreme pillar of the state, grand preceptor, grand marshal, commander of all military affairs in thirteen prefectures including Ji and Ding, and governor of Yongzhou. Prince Chen Chun was executed. On the guiyou day, the supreme pillar of the state and duke of the state of Yun, Wei Xiaokuan, died.
8
十一月辛未,[4]誅代王達、滕王逌。
In the eleventh month, on the xinwei day, Prince Dai Da and Prince Teng You were executed.
9
十二月甲子,周帝詔曰:
In the twelfth month, on the jiazi day, the Zhou Emperor issued an edict:
10
天大地大,合其德者聖人,一陰一陽,調其氣者上宰。 所以降神載挺,陶鑄羣生,代蒼蒼之工,成巍巍之業。 假黃鉞、使持節、大丞相、都督內外諸軍事、上柱國、大冢宰、隋國公,應百代之期,當千齡之運,家隆台鼎之盛,門有翊贊之勤。 心同伊尹,必致堯舜,情類孔丘,憲章文武。 爰初入仕,風流映世,公卿仰其軌物,搢紳謂為師表。 入處禁闈,出居藩政,芳猷茂績,問望彌遠。 往平東夏,人情未安。 燕南趙北,實為天府,擁節杖旄,任當連率。 柔之以德,導之以禮,畏之若神,仰之若日,芳風美迹,歌頌獨存。 淮海榛蕪,多歷年代,作鎮南鄙,選眾惟賢,威震殊俗,化行黔首。 任掌鉤陳,職司邦政,國之大事,朝寄更深,鑾駕巡游,留臺務廣。 周公陝西之任,僅可為倫,漢臣關內之重,未足相況。
Heaven is great and Earth is great; he who joins his virtue to them is a sage; one yin and one yang—he who harmonizes their qi is the supreme minister. For this reason the divine descends and is nurtured, molding and casting the multitude of living beings, taking Heaven's work upon himself and completing a towering enterprise. The provisional bearer of the yellow axe, commissioner bearing credentials, grand chancellor, commander of all military affairs within and without, pillar of the state, grand marshal, and duke of the state of Sui meets the term of a hundred generations and stands at the turn of a thousand-year destiny; his house rises to the glory of the ministerial tripod, and his family bears the toil of assisting governance. His heart is like that of Yi Yin; he will surely bring about the age of Yao and Shun; his disposition resembles that of Confucius; he takes Wen and Wu as his model. When he first entered office, his brilliance shone upon the age; dukes and ministers looked up to him as a standard for conduct, and officials and gentry called him a model teacher. Within he served in the inner palace; without he held power in a frontier fief; his fine plans and abundant achievements made his reputation ever more far-reaching. When he previously pacified Eastern Xia, the hearts of the people were not yet at ease. South of Yan and north of Zhao is truly a treasury of the realm; bearing credentials and commanding with the staff of authority, his responsibility was that of a regional commander. He softened them with virtue and guided them with ritual; they feared him as a spirit and looked up to him as to the sun; his fragrant influence and fine deeds alone remain in song and praise. The Huai and sea region had lain waste through many years; appointed to guard the southern frontier, he chose the worthy among the multitude; his authority awed foreign peoples and his transforming influence reached the common people. He was charged with guarding the Hooked Array and held office over the state's governance; on great affairs of the realm the court's reliance on him grew deeper; when the imperial carriage toured, the duties of the capital in his absence were broad. The Duke of Zhou's charge west of the Pass may serve only as a comparison; the weight borne by Han ministers within the Pass does not suffice for comparison.
11
及天崩地坼,先帝升遐,朕以眇年,奄經荼毒,親受顧命,保乂皇家。 姦人乘隙,潛圖宗社,無君之意已成,竊發之期有日。 英規潛運,大略川廻,匡國庇人,罪人斯得。 兩河遘亂,三魏稱兵,半天之下,洶洶鼎沸。 祖宗之基已危,生人之命將殆。 [5]安陸作釁,南通吳、越,蜂飛蠆聚,江、漢騷然。 巴、蜀鴟張,翻將問鼎,秦塗更阻,漢門重閉。 畫籌帷帳,建出師車,諸將禀其謀,壯士感其義,不違時日,咸得清蕩。 九功遠被,七德允諧,百僚師師,四門穆穆。 光景照臨之地,風雲去來之所,允武允文,幽明同德,驟山驟水,遐邇歸心。 使朕繼踵上皇,無為以治,聲高宇宙,道格天壤。 伊尹輔殷,霍光佐漢,方之蔑如也。
When Heaven collapsed and Earth split apart and the late Emperor ascended to the distant realm, I, in my tender years, suddenly suffered bitter grief; I personally received his final charge to preserve and protect the imperial house. Wicked men seized the opening and secretly plotted against the altars of state; their intention to be without a ruler had already taken shape, and the day of their secret rising drew near. His brilliant design worked in secret; his grand strategy flowed like a river in flood; he restored the state and sheltered the people, and the guilty were brought to justice. The two river regions met with rebellion; the three Wei domains raised arms; beneath half of Heaven all seethed and boiled like a cauldron. The foundation of the ancestral temple was already in peril, and the lives of the people were near destruction. Anlu raised the banner of revolt; to the south it linked with Wu and Yue; rebels swarmed like bees and wasps; the Yangzi and Han regions were thrown into turmoil. Ba and Shu spread like owls and kites and turned to seize the tripod; the road to Qin was blocked anew and the gate of Han was shut again. He plotted within his tent, raised the chariots of campaign, the generals received his plans, and brave men were moved by his righteousness; without delay beyond the appointed day, all were cleared and pacified. The nine achievements reached far abroad; the seven virtues were fully harmonized; the hundred officials served as teachers one to another; the four gates were solemn and serene. In every place where his radiance shines, in every region where winds and clouds come and go, he is truly martial and truly civil; the hidden and the manifest share the same virtue; across mountains and rivers in swift succession, near and far turn their hearts to him. He enables me to follow in the steps of the former Emperor and govern through nonaction; his renown rises above the cosmos, and his Way reaches to Heaven and Earth. Compared with Yi Yin assisting Yin or Huo Guang aiding Han, he makes them seem as nothing.
12
昔營丘、曲阜,地多諸國,重耳、小白,錫用殊禮。 蕭何優贊拜之儀,番君越公侯之爵。 姬、劉以降,代有令謨,宜崇典禮,憲章自昔。 可授相國,總百揆,去都督內外諸軍事、大冢宰之號,進公爵為王,以隋州之崇業,鄖州之安陸、城陽,溫州之宜人,應州之平靖、上明,順州之淮南,士州之永川,昌州之廣昌、安昌,申州之義陽、淮安,息州之新蔡、建安,豫州之汝南、臨潁、廣寧、初安,蔡州之蔡陽,郢州之漢東二十郡為隋國。 劍履上殿,入朝不趨,贊拜不名,備九錫之禮,加璽紱、遠游冠、相國印綠綟綬,位在諸侯王上。 隋國置丞相已下,一依舊式。
In former times Yingqiu and Qufu lay among many states, and Chong'er and Xiaobai were granted extraordinary honors. Xiao He was granted the privilege of entering court without hurrying to bow; the Lord of Fan and the Marquis of Yue received ducal and marquisal ranks. From the houses of Ji and Liu down through the ages there have been excellent plans; ritual and ceremony should be exalted, taking former ages as model. He may be invested as chancellor of state and given charge over the hundred offices; the titles commander of all military affairs within and without and grand marshal are to be removed; the duke is to be advanced to king; the twenty commanderies of Chongye in Suizhou; Anlu and Chengyang in Yunzhou; Yiren in Wenzhou; Pingjing and Shangming in Yingzhou; Huainan in Shunzhou; Yongchuan in Shizhou; Guangchang and Anchang in Changzhou; Yiyang and Huai'an in Shenzhou; Xincai and Jian'an in Xizhou; Runan, Linying, Guangning, and Chuan in Yuzhou; Caiyang in Caizhou; and Handong in Yingzhou are to constitute the state of Sui. He is granted sword and shoes in the palace, entry to court without hurrying, bowing in audience without having his name announced, the full rites of the nine bestowals, and in addition the imperial seal and ribbon, the Far-Wandering Cap, and the green sash of the chancellor of state seal; his rank is above all feudal kings. Within the state of Sui, the chancellor and all offices below are to be established according to the former pattern.
13
高祖再讓,不許。 乃受王爵、十郡而已。 詔進皇祖、考爵並為王,夫人為王妃。 辛巳,司馬消難以陳師寇江州,刺史成休寧擊却之。
Gaozu declined twice, but his refusal was not accepted. He then accepted the royal title and only ten commanderies. An edict advanced the ranks of his imperial grandfather and father to king, and his lady to princess consort. On the xinsi day, Sima Xiaonan led Chen troops to raid Jiangzhou; Governor Cheng Xiuning struck and repelled them.
14
大定元年春二月壬子,令曰:「已前賜姓,皆復其舊。」 是日,周帝詔曰:「伊、周作輔,不辭殊禮之錫,桓、文為霸,允應異物之典,所以表格天之勳,彰不代之業。 相國隋王,前加典策,式昭大禮,固守謙光,絲言未綍。 宜申顯命,一如往旨。 王功必先人,賞存後己,退讓為本,誠乖朕意。 宜命百辟盡詣王宮,眾心克感,必令允納。 如有表奏,勿復通聞。」 癸丑,文武百官詣閤敦勸,高祖乃受。 甲寅,策曰:
In the second month of spring in the first year of Dading, on the renzi day, an order stated, "All surname grants given previously are restored to their former forms." On that same day, the Zhou Emperor issued an edict: "When Yi and Zhou served as regents, they did not decline extraordinary honors; when Duke Huan and Duke Wen became hegemons, they rightly received special rites; thus are the achievements that match Heaven displayed and the enterprise that has no peer in the age made manifest. The chancellor of state, King of Sui, was previously granted the ceremonial investiture document, making the great rites fully manifest; he steadfastly held to modesty and humility, and the silken edict has not yet been tied. The manifest command should be issued anew, exactly as in the previous edict. In honoring merit, you put others first, reward others before yourself, and take yielding modesty as your foundation — this truly goes against Our intent. All officials should be ordered to go together to the king's palace; once every heart is moved, he will surely accept. If there are memorials and petitions, do not relay them any further." On the guichou day, civil and military officials went to the gate to earnestly press him, and Gaozu then accepted. On the jiayin day, the investiture document read:
15
咨爾假黃鉞、使持節、大丞相、都督內外諸軍事、上柱國、大冢宰隋王:天覆地載,藉人事以財成,日往月來,由王道而盈昃。 五氣陶鑄,萬物流形。 誰代上玄之工,斯則大聖而已。 曰惟先正,翊亮皇朝。 種德積善,載誕上相。 精采不代,風骨異人。 匡國濟時,除凶撥亂。 百神奉職,萬國宅心。 殷相以先知悟人,周輔乃弘道於代,方斯蔑如也。 今將授王典禮,其敬聽朕命:
Hear, O provisional Bearer of the Yellow Battle-Axe, Commissioner with Imperial Insignia, Grand Chancellor, Commander-in-Chief of All Military Affairs Within and Without, Senior Pillar of State, Grand Minister Steward, King of Sui: Heaven covers and Earth bears all things; through human effort they are brought to completion. As days pass and months turn, through the King's Way fullness and decline follow. The five qi are cast and molded; the myriad things take form and flow. Who can take the place of the Supreme Ruler in this work? Only the greatest sage can. It is said that your forebears assisted and illumined the imperial court. Planting virtue and accumulating goodness, they gave birth to a chief minister. His brilliance unmatched by any generation, his bearing and spirit unlike ordinary men. He set the state aright and aided the age, removing the wicked and dispelling disorder. The hundred spirits performed their offices; the myriad states fixed their hearts upon him. The minister of Yin foreknew and enlightened men; the Zhou assistant carried the Way through the age — compared with you, they are as nothing. Now We shall confer upon you the kingly rites; respectfully hear Our command:
16
朕以不德,早承丕緒,上靈降禍,夙遭愍凶。 妖醜覬覦,密圖社稷,宮省之內,疑慮驚心。 公受命先皇,志在匡弼,輯諧內外,潛運機衡,姦人懾憚,謀用丕顯,俾贅旒之危為太山之固。 是公重造皇室,作霸之基也。 伊我祖、考之代,任寄已深,入掌禁兵,外司藩政,文經武略,久播朝野。 戎軒大舉,長驅晉、魏,平陽震熊羆之勢,冀部耀貔豹之威。 初平東夏,人情未一。 叢臺之北,易水之南,西距井陘,東至滄海,比數千里,舉袂帷。 委以連城,建旌杖節,教因其俗,刑用輕典,如泥從印,猶草隨風。 此又公之功也。 吳、越不賓,多歷年代,淮、海之外,時非國有。 爰整其旅,出鎮於亳,武以威物,文以懷遠。 羣盜自奔,外戶不閉,人黎慕義,襁負而歸。 自北之風,化行南國。 此又公之功也。 宣帝御宇,任重宗臣,入典八屯,外司九代。 禁衞勤巡警之務,治兵得蒐狩之禮。 此又公之功也。 鑾駕游幸,頻委留臺,文武注意,軍國諮禀。 萬事咸理,反顧無憂。 此又公之功也。 朕在諒闇,公實總己。 磐石之宗,姦回者眾,招引無賴,連結羣小。 往者國衰甫爾,已創陰謀,積惡數旬,昆吾方稔。 泣誅磬甸,宗廟以寧。 此又公之功也。 尉迥猖狂,[6]稱兵鄴邑,欲長戟而指北闕,強弩而圍南斗,憑陵三魏之間,震驚九州之半,聚徒百萬,悉成蛇豕,淇水、洹水,一飲而竭。 人之死生,翻繫凶豎,壽之長短,不由司命。 公乃戒彼鷹揚,出車練卒,誓蒼兕於河朔,建瓴水於山東。 口授兵書,手畫行陣,量敵制勝,指日剋期。 諸將遵其成旨,壯士感其大義,輕死忘生,轉鬬千里,旗鼓奮發,如火燎毛。 玄黃變漳河之水,京觀比爵臺之峻。 百城氛祲,一旦廓清。 此又公之功也。 青土連率,跨據東秦,藉負海之饒,倚連山之險,望三輔而將逐鹿,指六國而願連雞。 風雨之兵,助鬼為虐。 本根既拔,枝葉自殞,屈法申恩,示以大信。 此又公之功也。 申部殘賊,充斥一隅,蠅飛蟻聚,攻州略地。 播以玄澤,迷更知反,服而捨之,無費遺鏃。 此又公之功也。 宇文冑親則宗枝,外藩巖邑,影響鄴賊,有同就燥。 迫脅吏人,叛換城戍,偏師討蹙,遂入網羅。 束之武牢,[7]有同囹圄,事窮將軍,如伏國刑。 此又公之功也。 檀讓、席毗,擁眾河外。 陳、韓、梁、鄭、宋、衞、鄒、魯,村落成梟獍之墟,入庶為豺狼之餌。 強以陵弱,大則吞小,城有晝閉,巷無行人。 授律出師,隨機掃定,讓既授首,毗亦梟懸。 此又公之功也。 司馬消難與國親姻,作鎮安陸,性多嗜欲,意好貪聚。 屬城子女,劫掠靡餘,部人貨財,多少具罄。 擅誅刺舉之使,專殺儀台之臣。 懼罪畏威,動而內奰。 蠶食郡縣,鴆毒華夷,聞有王師,自投南裔。 帝唐崇山之罰,僅可方此,大漢流禦之刑,是亦相匹。 逋逃入藪,荊、郢用安。 此又公之功也。 王謙在蜀,翻為厲階,閉劍閣之門,塞靈關之宇,自謂五丁復起,萬夫莫向。 分閫推轂,嘗不踰時,風馳席卷,一舉大定,擒斬兇惡,掃地無遺。 此又公之功也。 陳頊因循偽業,自擅金陵,屢遣醜徒,趑趄江北。 公指麾藩鎮,無不摧殄。 方置文深之柱,[8]非止尉佗之拜。 此又公之功也。
We, lacking in virtue, early inherited the great succession; the Supreme Spirit sent down calamity, and from youth We met with sorrow and bereavement. Wicked villains looked on with covetous eyes and secretly plotted against the altars of state; within the palace and ministries, suspicion and fear filled Our heart. You received the mandate from the late emperor, your will set on supporting and assisting; you harmonized within and without, secretly turning the mechanisms of state; the wicked feared you, and your plans were greatly manifest, turning the peril of the hanging jade pendant into the firmness of Mount Tai. Thus you rebuilt the imperial house and laid the foundation of hegemony. In the age of Our forefathers, your commission was already deep: within you commanded the forbidden troops; without you administered the frontier posts; in civil and military strategy your fame long spread through court and countryside. When the war chariots marched forth on a grand campaign, driving deep into Jin and Wei, Pingyang shook with the force of bears and panthers, and Jizhou blazed with the might of leopards and tigers. When first pacifying the eastern Xia, the hearts of the people were not yet united. North of Congtai, south of the Yi River, west to Jingxing, east to the sea — several thousand li in all — at a wave of the sleeve the people gathered. Entrusted with linked cities, you raised banners and wielded the staff of command; teaching followed local custom, punishments used lenient statutes — like clay under a seal, like grass before the wind. This too was your achievement. Wu and Yue did not submit; many years had passed, and beyond the Huai and the sea the land was not yet truly held by the state. Then you arrayed your troops and went forth to garrison Bo; by force you awed the people, by culture you won the distant. Bandits fled of themselves; outer gates were left unbarred; the people longed for righteousness and came carrying their children on their backs. From the northern wind, transformation spread through the southern states. This too was your achievement. When Emperor Xuan held the realm, you bore the weighty charge of a pillar of the state: within you presided over the eight garrisons; without you administered the nine generations. In guarding the palace you fulfilled the duties of patrol and vigil; in training troops you attained the rites of the hunt and review. This too was your achievement. When the imperial carriage went on tour, you were repeatedly entrusted with the capital in Our absence; civil and military affairs received your attention, and military and state matters were referred to you. The myriad affairs were all well ordered; looking back, there was nothing to worry about. This too was your achievement. While We were in mourning seclusion, you in truth held all authority. Among the bedrock clans of the imperial house, the wicked and perverse were many; they recruited worthless men and linked themselves with petty factions. When the state had only just begun to decline, they already formed secret plots; evil accumulated over many weeks until the Kunwu blade was fully whetted. With tears the execution was carried out in the capital domain, and the ancestral temple was thereby secured. This too was your achievement. Wei Chidao ran wild, raising troops at Ye; he wished to point his long halberds at the northern gate and surround the Southern Dipper with strong crossbows; he overawed the lands between the Three Weis and shook half the Nine Provinces; he gathered a million followers, all turned to serpents and swine; the Qi and Huan rivers were drained at a single draught. Whether men lived or died hung on this wicked upstart; whether life was long or short no longer lay with the Director of Fates. You then restrained those eagle-like warriors, sent forth chariots and drilled soldiers, swore by the azure rhinoceros in Hebei, and poured water from a high eave over Shandong. You transmitted the art of war by word of mouth and drew battle formations by hand; measuring the enemy, you devised victory and set the day of conquest. The generals followed your settled orders; brave men were moved by your great righteousness; they lightly faced death and forgot life, turning to battle over a thousand li; banners and drums surged forth like fire scorching hair. Black and yellow changed the waters of the Zhang River; the mound of severed heads rose as high as the Jue Terrace. The baleful miasma over a hundred cities was cleared in a single day. This too was your achievement. The governor of Qing province, spanning and holding eastern Qin, relied on the wealth of the sea coast and the peril of linked mountains; he looked toward the Three Metropolises intending to contend for the realm, and pointed to the Six States hoping to join forces like roosters. Armies like wind and rain aided the demons in their cruelty. Once the root was pulled up, branches and leaves fell of themselves; bending the law to extend grace, you showed great trust. This too was your achievement. The remnant rebels of Shen province filled one corner; like flies flying and ants gathering, they attacked prefectures and seized territory. You spread the dark beneficence; the deluded came to know repentance; once they submitted you released them, without wasting a single arrow. This too was your achievement. Yuwen Zhou was kin to the imperial clan by blood and held a frontier fortress; he responded to the Ye rebels like dry tinder catching fire. He coerced officials and people, rebelled and turned the garrison cities; a detached force pursued and pressed him, and he fell into the net. Bound at Wulao, he was like one in a prison; when matters reached their limit for the general, it was as if he submitted to the state's punishment. This too was your achievement. Tan Rang and Xi Pi held their followers beyond the Yellow River. Chen, Han, Liang, Zheng, Song, Wei, Zou, and Lu — villages became ruins of owl-devouring beasts, and common folk became food for wolves. The strong oppressed the weak; the great swallowed the small; city gates were shut even by day, and no one walked the lanes. You issued orders and marched forth, adapting as you swept and settled; Rang was beheaded and Pi was hung by the head. This too was your achievement. Sima Xiaonan was related to the state by marriage and was stationed at Anlu; he was given to many desires and fond of amassing wealth. The sons and daughters of subordinate cities were plundered until nothing remained; the goods and wealth of the people under his command were largely exhausted. He executed on his own authority the imperial inspectors and killed on his own authority ministers of the Secretariat. Fearing punishment and awed by authority, he moved to rebellion within. He nibbled away at commanderies and counties and poisoned both Chinese and barbarians; when he heard the royal army was coming, he fled of himself to the southern frontier. Emperor Tang's punishment on Chong Mountain can barely compare with this; the Han dynasty's exile punishment is likewise its match. The fugitives entered the marshes, and Jing and Ying were thereby secured. This too was your achievement. Wang Qian in Shu became a source of calamity; he closed the gate of Jiange and blocked the passes of Lingguan, believing himself another Five Strong Men whom ten thousand men could not face. You divided command and pushed the chariot wheel; not even a season passed before, wind-fast and sweeping like a gale, you settled all in one stroke, capturing and executing the wicked until the ground was swept clean. This too was your achievement. Chen Xu clung to his false enterprise and held Jinling on his own authority; again and again he sent ugly troops, hesitating at the north of the Yangtze. At your command the frontier garrisons were all destroyed and wiped out. You were about to set up the pillar of Wen Shen — this was not merely a bow like that of Zhao Tuo. This too was your achievement.
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公有濟天下之勤,重之以明德,始於辟命,屈己登庸。 素業清徽,聲掩廊廟,雄規神略,氣蓋朝野。 序百揆而穆四門,耻一匡之舉九合。 尊賢崇德,尚齒貴功,錄舊旌善,興亡繼絕。 寬猛相濟,彝倫攸敍。 敦睦帝親,崇奬王室。 星象不拆,陰陽自調,玄冥、祝融如奉太公之召,雨師、風伯似應成王之宰。 祥風嘉氣,觸石搖林,瑞獸異禽,游園鳴閣。 至功至德,可大可久,盡品物之和,究杳冥之極。
You had the toil of saving the realm under Heaven, compounded by bright virtue; from the first appointment you humbled yourself to take office. Your unsullied conduct and pure repute overshadowed the court; your heroic design and divine strategy overawed court and countryside. You ordered the hundred officials and harmonized the four gates; you were ashamed of merely uniting the realm once in nine assemblies. You honored the worthy and exalted virtue, respected age and valued achievement, recorded the old and praised goodness, and continued what had perished and restored what had been cut off. Lenience and severity complemented each other; the constant norms were thereby ordered. You treated the emperor's kin with cordiality and exalted and rewarded the royal house. The stars did not split apart; yin and yang adjusted themselves; Xuanming and Zhurong seemed to answer the summons of Duke Tai; the Rain Master and Wind Lord seemed to respond to the minister of King Cheng. Auspicious winds and fine qi touched the rocks and shook the forests; auspicious beasts and strange birds wandered the gardens and called from the towers. Supreme achievement and supreme virtue, great in scope and long enduring — you brought all things to harmony and reached the utmost of the hidden and dark.
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朕又聞之,昔者明王設官胙土,營丘四履,得征五侯,參墟寵章,異其禮物。 故藩屏作固,垂拱責成,沈默巖廊,不下堂席。 公道高往烈,賞薄前王。 朕以眇身,託于兆人之上,求諸故實,甚用懼焉。 往加大典,憲章在昔。 謙以自牧,未應朝禮。 日月不居,便已隔歲。 時談物議,其謂朕何! 今進授相國總百揆,以申州之義陽等二十郡為隋國。 今命使持節、太傅、上柱國、杞國公椿,大宗伯、大將軍、金城公趙煚,授相國印綬。 相國禮絕百辟,任總羣官,舊職常典,宜與事革。 昔堯臣太尉,舜佐司空,姬旦相周,霍光輔漢,不居藩國,唯在天朝。 其以相國總百揆,去眾號焉。 上所假節、大丞相、大冢宰印綬。
We have also heard that in antiquity enlightened kings established offices and enfeoffed with land; at Yingqiu the domain extended on four sides, and they could campaign against the five marquises; at Canxu special honors were granted, and their gifts and rites were made distinct. Thus the screen and rampart were made firm; the ruler sat with folded hands and charged others with accomplishment; silent in the lofty hall, he did not descend from the hall seat. Your Way surpasses the former worthies; your rewards fall short of those given by earlier kings. We, in Our slight person, are entrusted above the myriad people; seeking precedents in former ages, We are greatly afraid. In the past the great ceremony was added; the statutes and regulations stand in antiquity. Through humility in self-governance, you have not yet responded to the court rites. Days and months do not stay; already a year has passed. When the times are discussed and things are debated, what will people say of Us! Now We advance and appoint you Chancellor of State with authority over the hundred officials, and make Yiyang and the other twenty commanderies of Shen province the State of Sui. Now We command Commissioner with Imperial Insignia, Grand Tutor, Senior Pillar of State, Duke of Qi, Chun, and Grand Director of Ceremonies, Grand General, Duke of Jincheng, Zhao Jiong, to confer the seal and cord of Chancellor of State. The rites of Chancellor of State set him apart from the hundred officials; his charge extends over all officers; old offices and standing regulations should be changed along with the matter. In antiquity Yao had the Grand Commandant as his minister, Shun assisted as Minister of Works, the Duke of Zhou served as counselor to Zhou, and Huo Guang assisted Han — none dwelt in a feudal state; all served only at the imperial court. Let the chancellor of state with authority over the hundred officials abandon his collective titles. Return the provisional insignia, grand chancellor, and grand minister steward seal and cord.
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又加九錫,其敬聽朕後命。 以公執律修德,慎獄恤刑,為其訓範,人無異志,是用錫公大輅、戎輅各一,玄牡二駟。 公勤心地利,所寶人天,崇本務農,公私殷阜,是用錫公袞冕之服,赤舄副焉。 公樂以移風,雅以變俗,遐邇胥悅,天地咸和,是用錫公軒懸之樂,六佾之舞。 公仁風德教,覃及海隅,荒忽幽遐,廻首內向,是用錫公朱戶以居。 公水鏡人倫,銓衡庶職,能官流詠,遺賢必舉,是用錫公納陛以登。 公執鈞於內,正性率下,犯義無禮,罔不屏黜,是用錫公武賁之士三百人。 [9]公 〈元本闕。〉 是用錫公鈇鉞各一。 公威嚴夏日,精厲秋霜,猾夏必誅,顧眄天壤,掃清姦宄,折衝無外,是用錫公彤弓一、彤矢百,盧弓十、盧矢千。 惟公孝通神明,肅恭祀典,尊嚴如在,情切幽明,是用錫公秬鬯一卣,珪瓚副焉。 隋國置丞相以下,一遵舊式。 往欽哉! 其敬循往策,祇服大典,簡恤爾庶功,對揚我太祖之休命。
The Nine Bestowals are added as well; respectfully hear Our further command. Because you uphold the law and cultivate virtue, are careful in prisons and compassionate in punishments, and make these the model for instruction so that the people have no divergent wills, We therefore bestow upon you one great carriage and one war carriage, each with a team of four black stallions. You diligently benefit the land and the hearts of men, treasure both humanity and Heaven, exalt the root and devote yourself to agriculture, and both public and private stores are abundant — for this We bestow upon you the robe and cap of the highest rank, with red shoes to match. You use music to transform customs and elegance to change popular ways; the distant and the near are alike delighted, and Heaven and Earth are all in harmony — for this We bestow upon you suspended musical instruments and the dance of six rows. Your benevolent wind and virtuous teaching reach to the corners of the sea; even the remote and the far turn their faces inward — for this We bestow upon you vermilion doors in which to dwell. You are a clear mirror for human relations and a balance for the myriad offices; able men flow forth in praise, and the worthy who were overlooked are always raised — for this We bestow upon you a covered ramp by which to ascend. You hold the scale within and with upright nature lead those below; none who violate righteousness or lack propriety fail to be removed — for this We bestow upon you three hundred armed guards. [9] You, 〈The original text is missing here.〉 For this We bestow upon you one axe and one battle-axe. Your awesomeness is like the summer sun and your keenness like autumn frost; the unruly borderlands must be punished, and looking over Heaven and Earth you sweep clear the wicked and hidden, repelling the enemy without — for this We bestow upon you one red bow and a hundred red arrows, ten black bows and a thousand black arrows. Your filial piety reaches the spirits, your reverent respect for the sacrificial rites is solemn as if the departed were present, and your feeling extends to both the hidden and the manifest — for this We bestow upon you one vessel of black millet wine, with a jade libation cup to match. In the State of Sui, from the chancellor downward, all follows the former pattern. Go forth and reverence! Respectfully follow the former policy, reverently accept the great canon, examine and care for your many achievements, and respond to the glorious mandate of Our imperial ancestor.
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於是建臺置官。
Thereupon a platform was established and officials were appointed.
21
丙辰,[10]詔王冕十有二旒,建天子旌旗,出警入蹕,乘金根車,駕六馬,備五時副車,置旄頭雲䍐,樂舞八佾,設鍾虡宮懸。 王妃為王后,長子為太子。 前後三讓,乃受。
On the bingchen day, [10] an edict granted the king a crown with twelve tassels, the imperial banners, guards on going out and on entering, the golden-root carriage, a team of six horses, five seasonal secondary carriages, the maotou and yunyi standards, music and dance of eight rows, and the bell-frames and palace bells. The king's consort became queen, and the eldest son became crown prince. After three refusals in succession, he then accepted.
22
俄而周帝以眾望有歸,乃下詔曰:「元氣肇闢,樹之以君,有命不恒,所輔惟德。 天心人事,選賢與能,盡四海而樂推,非一人而獨有。 周德將盡,妖孽遞生,骨肉多虞,藩維構釁,影響同惡,過半區宇,或小或大,圖帝圖王,則我祖宗之業,不絕如線。 相國隋王,叡聖自天,英華獨秀,刑法與禮儀同運,文德共武功俱遠,愛萬物其如己,任兆庶以為憂。 手運璣衡,躬命將士,芟夷姦宄,刷蕩氛祲,化通冠帶,威震幽遐。 虞舜之大功二十,未足相比,姬發之合位三五,豈可足論。 況木行已謝,火運既興,河、洛出革命之符,星辰表代終之象。 煙雲改色,笙簧變音,獄訟咸歸,謳歌盡至。 且天地合德,日月貞明,故以稱大為王,照臨下土。 朕雖寡昧,未達變通,幽顯之情,皎然易識。 今便祗順天命,出遜別宮,禪位於隋,一依唐、虞、漢、魏故事。」 高祖三讓,不許。 遣兼太傅、上柱國、杞國公椿奉冊曰:
Soon the Zhou emperor, because the people's hopes had a clear direction, issued an edict stating: "At the beginning when primal qi first opened the world, rulers were established to govern; mandate is not constant — only virtue is the support. Heaven's will and human affairs select the worthy and employ the able; all within the four seas gladly push forward — it is not one man alone who possesses this. Zhou virtue was nearing its end; demons arose one after another; kin within the bone were full of worry; frontier screens raised rebellion; they responded to one another in shared wickedness over more than half the realm — some small, some great, plotting for emperorship or kingship — so that the enterprise of Our ancestors hung by a thread. The chancellor of state, King of Sui, is sagely and wise by Heaven's gift, his brilliance unmatched; law and rites move together, civil virtue and military achievement reach equally far; he loves the myriad things as himself and takes the myriad people's burden as his worry. With his own hand he turns the celestial armillary sphere and personally commands generals and soldiers; he cuts down the wicked and hidden and sweeps away baleful miasma; transformation reaches those who wear caps and belts, and authority shakes the remote and far. Even the twenty great achievements of Yu Shun cannot fully compare, and the union of thrones by King Wu of Zhou in threes and fives is scarcely worth discussing. Moreover the Wood phase had already passed and the Fire phase had risen; the He and Luo produced the talisman of revolution, and the stars showed the sign of a dynasty's end. Clouds and mist changed color; pipes and reeds changed tone; lawsuits all went to him, and songs of praise all arrived. Moreover Heaven and Earth combine in virtue and sun and moon are bright and constant; therefore the great is called king and shines upon the realm below. We, though dull and obscure, have not yet grasped change and adaptation, yet the feelings of the hidden and manifest are plainly easy to know. Now We reverently follow Heaven's mandate, leave and yield the separate palace, and abdicate the throne to Sui — all according to the precedents of Tang, Yu, Han, and Wei. Gaozu thrice refused, but it was not permitted. He dispatched the Acting Grand Tutor, Senior Pillar of State, Duke of Qi, Chun, to present the document of investiture, stating:
23
咨爾相國隋王:粵若上古之初,爰啟清濁,降符授聖,為天下君。 事上帝而理兆人,和百靈而利萬物,非以區宇之富,未以宸極為尊。 大庭、軒轅以前,驪連、赫胥之日,咸以無為無欲,不將不迎。 遐哉! 其詳不可聞已。 厥有載籍,遺文可觀。 聖莫逾於堯,美未過於舜。 堯得太尉,已作運衡之篇,舜遇司空,便敍精華之竭。 彼褰裳脫屣,貳宮設饗,百辟歸禹,若帝之初。 斯蓋上則天時,不敢不授,下祗天命,不可不受。 湯代於夏,武革於殷,干戈揖讓,雖復異揆,應天順人,其道靡異。 自漢迄晉,有魏至周,天曆逐獄訟之歸,神鼎隨謳歌之去。 道高者稱帝,錄盡者不王,與夫文祖、神宗無以別也。
Hear, O Chancellor of State, King of Sui: From the beginning of high antiquity, when the clear and turbid were first opened, talismans descended and sages were invested to be rulers of the realm. They served the Supreme Lord and governed the myriad people, harmonized the hundred spirits and benefited the myriad things — not because of the wealth of the realm, nor because the imperial pinnacle was held in honor. Before the Great Hall and Yellow Emperor, in the days of Lian and Hexu, all took non-action and no desire, neither bringing forth nor going to meet. How remote! The details cannot be heard. Yet there are records in the archives; the transmitted texts can be viewed. No sage surpasses Yao; no beauty exceeds Shun. When Yao obtained the Grand Commandant, he already composed the "Canon of the Armillary Sphere"; when Shun met the Minister of Works, he straightway set forth the exhaustion of his essence. They lifted their robes and cast off their shoes, set feasts in the secondary palace, and the hundred officials returned to Yu as at the beginning of an emperor. This is because above they accord with Heaven's seasons and dare not fail to confer; below they reverence Heaven's mandate and cannot but receive. Tang replaced Xia and Wu overthrew Yin; though arms and abdication differ in method, responding to Heaven and following the people — the Way is not different. From Han through Jin, from Wei to Zhou — the celestial calendar followed where lawsuits went, and the divine tripod followed where songs of praise departed. He whose Way is high is called emperor; when the record is exhausted one is not king — this is no different from the civil ancestor and divine founder.
24
周德將盡,禍難頻興,宗戚姦回,咸將竊發。 顧瞻宮闕,將圖宗社,藩維連率,逆亂相尋。 搖蕩三方,不合如礪,蛇行鳥攫,投足無所。 王受天明命,叡德在躬,救頹運之艱,匡墜地之業,拯大川之溺,撲燎原之火,除羣凶於城社,廓妖氛於遠服,至德合於造化,神用洽於天壤。 八極九野,萬方四裔,圓首方足,罔不樂推。 往歲長星夜掃,經天晝見,八風比夏后之作,五緯同漢帝之聚,除舊之徵,昭然在上。 近者赤雀降祉,玄龜效靈,鍾石變音,蛟魚出穴,布新之貺,煥焉在下。 九區歸往,百靈協贊,人神屬望,我不獨知。 仰祗皇靈,俯順人願,今敬以帝位禪於爾躬。 天祚告窮,天祿永終。 於戲! 王宜允執厥和,[11]儀刑典訓,升圓丘而敬蒼昊,御皇極而撫黔黎,副率土之心,恢無疆之祚,可不盛歟!
Zhou virtue was nearing its end; calamities arose repeatedly; imperial kin and the wicked all were about to rise in rebellion. Looking toward the palace halls, they plotted against the altars of state; frontier screens and regional governors, rebellion and disorder followed one upon another. The three regions were shaken; nothing held together like a whetstone; they moved like snakes and seized like birds — nowhere could a foot be set down. The king received Heaven's bright mandate; sagely virtue was in his person; he rescued the hardship of a collapsing age, set aright the enterprise of a falling earth, saved those drowning in a great river, and stamped out a fire spreading over the plain; he removed the many villains from the altars of soil and grain and cleared baleful miasma from distant domains; supreme virtue joined with creation and transformation, and divine efficacy harmonized with Heaven and Earth. The eight extremities and nine fields, the myriad regions and four frontiers — all with round heads and square feet gladly pushed him forward. In past years a long comet swept the night sky and passed across the heavens by day; the eight winds matched the work of the Xia ruler; the five planets gathered as in the Han emperor's time — the sign of removing the old was clearly above. Recently the red sparrow brought blessing and the dark tortoise showed efficacy; bells and stones changed their tone, and dragons and fish came forth from their holes — the gift of establishing the new shone below. The nine regions turned toward him; the hundred spirits joined in approval; men and spirits looked to him — this We do not know alone. Reverently looking up to the imperial spirit and bowing to the people's wish, We now respectfully abdicate the imperial throne to your person. Heaven's favor announces its end; Heaven's emolument is forever terminated. Alas! The king should sincerely hold to harmony, [11] take the statutes and canonical instructions as his model, ascend the round mound and reverence the azure Heaven, mount the imperial pinnacle and comfort the black-haired people, fulfill the heart of all within the realm, and extend the boundless fortune — how could this not be glorious!
25
遣大宗伯、大將軍、金城公趙煚奉皇帝璽紱,百官勸進。 高祖乃受焉。
He dispatched the Grand Director of Ceremonies, Grand General, Duke of Jincheng, Zhao Jiong, to present the imperial seal and cord, and the hundred officials urged him to advance. Gaozu then accepted.
26
開皇元年二月甲子,上自相府常服入宮,備禮即皇帝位於臨光殿。 設壇於南郊,遣使柴燎告天。 是日,告廟,大赦,改元。 京師慶雲見。 易周氏官儀,依漢、魏之舊。 以柱國、相國司馬、渤海郡公高熲為尚書左僕射兼納言,相國司錄、沁源縣公虞慶則為內史監兼吏部尚書,相國內郎、咸安縣男李德林為內史令,上開府、漢安縣公韋世康為禮部尚書,上開府、義寧縣公元暉為都官尚書,開府、民部尚書、[12]昌國縣公元巖為兵部尚書,上儀同、司宗長孫毗為工部尚書,上儀同、司會楊尚希為度支尚書,上柱國、雍州牧、邗國公楊惠為左衞大將軍。 乙丑,追尊皇考為武元皇帝,廟號太祖,皇妣為元明皇后。 遣八使巡省風俗。 丙寅,修廟社。 立王后獨孤氏為皇后,王太子勇為皇太子。 丁卯,以大將軍、金城郡公趙煚為尚書右僕射,上開府、濟陽侯伊婁彥恭為左武候大將軍。 [13]己巳,以周帝為介國公,邑五千戶,為隋室賓。 旌旗車服禮樂,一如其舊。 上書不為表,答表不稱詔。 周氏諸王,盡降為公。 辛未,以皇弟同安郡公爽為雍州牧。 乙亥,封皇弟邵國公慧為滕王,同安公爽為衞王; 皇子雁門公廣為晉王,俊為秦王,秀為越王,諒為漢王。 以上柱國、并州總管、申國公李穆為太師,上柱國、鄧國公竇熾為太傅,上柱國、幽州總管、任國公于翼為太尉,觀國公田仁恭為太子太師,武德郡公柳敏為太子太保,濟南郡公孫恕為太子少傅,開府蘇威為太子少保。 丁丑,以晉王廣為并州總管,以陳留郡公楊智積為蔡王,興城郡公楊靜為道王。 戊寅,以官牛五千頭分賜貧人。
On the jiazi day of the second month of the first year of Kaihuang, the emperor in ordinary dress from the chancellor's office entered the palace and, with full rites, took the imperial throne at the Lingguang Hall. An altar was set up at the southern suburb, and envoys were dispatched to burn firewood and announce to Heaven. On that day he announced at the ancestral temple, proclaimed a general amnesty, and changed the era name. Auspicious clouds appeared in the capital. Zhou court ritual was changed, following the old patterns of Han and Wei. Gao Yong, Duke of Bohai, pillar of the state and chancellor of state's marshal, was made Left Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs and concurrently Director of the Secretariat; Yu Qingze, Duke of Qinyuan, chancellor of state's recorder, was made Director of the Palace Secretariat and concurrently Director of the Ministry of Personnel; Li Delin, Inner Gentleman of the chancellor of state, Baron of Xi'an, was made Director of the Palace Secretariat; Wei Shikang, Duke of Han'an, upper opening office, was made Director of the Ministry of Rites; Yuan Hui, Duke of Yining, upper opening office, was made Director of the Ministry of Justice; Yuan Yan, Duke of Changguo, opening office and Director of the Ministry of Revenue, [12] was made Director of the Ministry of War; Zhangsun Pi, upper ceremonial peer and Director of the Imperial Clan, was made Director of the Ministry of Works; Yang Shangxi, upper ceremonial peer and Director of Accounts, was made Director of the Ministry of Revenue; Yang Hui, Duke of Hangguo, senior pillar of the state, governor of Yong province, was made Grand General of the Left Guard. On the yichou day, his late father was posthumously honored as Emperor Wuyuan, with the temple name Taizu, and his late mother as Empress Yuanming. Eight envoys were dispatched to tour and inspect local customs. On the bingyin day, the ancestral temple and altars of soil and grain were repaired. Queen Dugu was established as empress, and Crown Prince Yong as crown prince. On the dingmao day, Zhao Jiong, Grand General and Duke of Jincheng commandery, was made Right Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs; Yilou Yangong, Marquis of Jiyang, upper opening office, was made Grand General of the Left Martial Guard. [13] On the jisi day, the Zhou emperor was made Duke of Jie with an estate of five thousand households, a guest of the Sui house. Banners, carriages, robes, and music all remained as before. Memorials to him were not called "memorials," and replies to memorials were not called "edicts." All princes of the Zhou house were reduced to the rank of duke. On the xinwei day, the emperor's younger brother, Duke of Tong'an commandery, Shuang, was made governor of Yong province. On the yihai day, the emperor's younger brother, Duke of Shaoguo, Hui, was enfeoffed as Prince of Teng, and Duke of Tong'an, Shuang, as Prince of Wei; Prince Yanmen Gong Guang was enfeoffed as Prince of Jin, Jun as Prince of Qin, Xiu as Prince of Yue, and Liang as Prince of Han. Li Mu, Duke of Shen, senior pillar of the state and governor of Bing province, was made Grand Preceptor; Dou Chi, Duke of Deng, senior pillar of the state, was made Grand Tutor; Yu Yi, Duke of Ren, senior pillar of the state and governor of You province, was made Grand Commandant; Tian Rengong, Duke of Guan, was made Grand Preceptor of the Crown Prince; Liu Min, Duke of Wude commandery, was made Grand Protector of the Crown Prince; Sun Shu, Duke of Jinan commandery, was made Grand Mentor of the Crown Prince; Su Wei, opening office, was made Grand Guardian of the Crown Prince. On the dingchou day, Prince of Jin Guang was made governor of Bing province; Yang Zhiji, Duke of Chenliu commandery, was made Prince of Cai; Yang Jing, Duke of Xingcheng commandery, was made Prince of Dao. On the wuyin day, five thousand government oxen were distributed and given to the poor.
27
三月辛巳,高平獲赤雀,太原獲蒼烏,長安獲白雀,各一。 宣仁門槐樹連理,眾枝內附。 壬午,白狼國獻方物。 甲申,太白晝見。 乙酉,又晝見。 以上柱國元景山為安州總管。 丁亥,詔犬馬器玩口味不得獻上。 戊子,弛山澤之禁。 以上開府、當亭縣公賀若弼為楚州總管,和州刺史、新義縣公韓擒為廬州總管。 [14]己丑,盩厔縣獻連理樹,植之宮庭。 辛卯,以上柱國、神武郡公竇毅為定州總管。 戊戌,以太子少保蘇威兼納言、吏部尚書,餘官如故。 庚子,詔曰:「自古帝王受終革代,建侯錫爵,多與運遷。 朕應籙受圖,君臨海內,載懷沿革,事有不同。 然則前帝後王,俱在兼濟,立功立事,爵賞仍行。 苟利於時,其致一揆,何謂物我之異,無計今古之殊。 其前代品爵,悉可依舊。」 丁未,梁主蕭巋使其太宰蕭巖、司空劉義來賀。
In the third month, on the xinsi day, a red sparrow was captured at Gaoping, a dark bird at Taiyuan, and a white sparrow at Chang'an — one each. At the Xuaren Gate a pagoda tree joined in one trunk, its many branches grafted within. On the renwu day, the White Wolf state presented local products. On the jiashen day, Venus was seen in the daytime. On the yiyou day, it was seen in the daytime again. Yuan Jingshan, senior pillar of the state, was made governor of An province. On the dinghai day, an edict stated that dogs, horses, utensils, playthings, and delicacies must not be presented to the throne. On the wuzi day, prohibitions on mountains and marshes were relaxed. He Ruo Bi, Duke of Dangting, upper opening office, was made governor of Chu province; Han Qin, governor of He province and Duke of Xinyi, was made governor of Lu province. [14] On the jichou day, Zhouzhi county presented a joined-trunk tree, which was planted in the palace courtyard. On the xinmao day, Dou Yi, Duke of Shenwu commandery, senior pillar of the state, was made governor of Ding province. On the gengzi day, Su Wei, Grand Guardian of the Crown Prince, was made concurrently Director of the Secretariat and Director of the Ministry of Personnel; his other offices remained as before. On the gengzi day, an edict stated: "From antiquity, when emperors received the mandate and changed dynasties, the enfeoffment of marquises and bestowal of ranks mostly shifted with the times. We, having received the talisman and taken the chart, rule the realm within the seas; bearing reform and continuity in mind, affairs differ in detail. Yet former emperors and later kings alike sought to help all; those who established merit and accomplished deeds still received ranks and rewards. If it benefits the age, the principle is one; why speak of difference between things and self, or reckon the past and present as separate? The ranks and titles of former ages may all follow the old pattern. On dingwei, Xiao Cong of Liang dispatched Grand Preceptor Xiao Yan and Minister of Works Liu Yi to offer congratulations.
28
四月辛巳,大赦。 壬午,太白、歲星晝見。 戊戌,太常散樂並放為百姓。 禁雜樂百戲。 辛丑,陳散騎常侍韋鼎、兼通直散騎常侍王瑳來聘于周,至而上已受禪,致之介國。 是月,發稽胡修築長城,二旬而罷。
In the fourth month, on xinsi, a general amnesty was proclaimed. On renwu, Venus and Jupiter appeared in daylight. On wuxu, all casual musicians of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices were released to common life. Miscellaneous music and popular entertainments were banned. On xinchou, Wei Ding and Wang Cuo of Chen arrived on embassy to Zhou; by then the emperor had already taken the throne, and they were referred to the Duke of Jie. That month Ji Hu were conscripted to repair the Long Wall; the work stopped after twenty days.
29
五月戊子,[15]封邗國公楊雄為廣平王,永康郡公楊弘為河間王。 辛未,介國公薨,上舉哀於朝堂,以其族人洛嗣焉。
In the fifth month, on wuzi, [15] Yang Xiong, Duke of Hangguo, was made Prince of Guangping and Yang Hong, Duke of Yongkang, Prince of Hejian. On xinwei the Duke of Jie died; the emperor mourned in the court hall, and his kinsman Luo succeeded to the title.
30
六月癸未,詔以初受天命,赤雀降祥,五德相生,赤為火色。 其郊及社廟,依服冕之儀,而朝會之服,旗幟犧牲,盡令尚赤。 戎服以黃。
In the sixth month, on guiwei, an edict noted that at the first receiving of Heaven's mandate the red sparrow had descended as an omen; among the five phases red belonged to fire. At the suburban and state altars the formal robe-and-cap rites were kept, but for court dress, banners, flags, and sacrifices, all were ordered to use red. Military dress was to be yellow.
31
秋七月乙卯,上始服黃,百僚畢賀。 庚午,靺鞨酋長貢方物。
In the seventh month, on yimao, the emperor first wore yellow, and the hundred officials all offered congratulations. On gengwu the Mohe chieftain presented tribute goods.
32
八月壬午,廢東京官。 突厥阿波可汗遣使貢方物。 甲午,遣行軍元帥樂安公元諧,擊吐谷渾於青海,破而降之。
In the eighth month, on renwu, the Eastern Capital offices were abolished. Apa Qaghan of the Turks sent envoys bearing tribute. On jiawu Prince of Le'an Yuan Xie was sent as campaigning commander-in-chief against Tuyuhun at Qinghai; he broke them and they submitted.
33
九月戊申,戰亡之家,遣使賑給。 庚午,陳將周羅睺攻陷胡墅,蕭摩訶寇江北。 辛未,以越王秀為益州總管,改封為蜀王。 壬申,以上柱國、薛國公長孫覽,上柱國、宋安公元景山,並為行軍元帥,以伐陳,仍命尚書左僕射高熲節度諸軍。 突厥沙鉢略可汗遣使貢方物。 是月,行五銖錢。
In the ninth month, on wushen, envoys were sent to aid the families of men killed in battle. On gengwu the Chen general Zhou Luohou took Hushi, and Xiao Mohe raided north of the Yangtze. On xinwei Prince of Yue Xiu was made governor of Yi province and renamed Prince of Shu. On renshen Zhangsun Lan, Duke of Xue, and Yuan Jingshan, Prince of Song'an, both senior pillars of state, were made campaigning commanders against Chen, with Gao Yong, Left Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs, commanding all forces. Shabolue Qaghan of the Turks sent envoys with tribute. That month the five-zhu coin was put into circulation.
34
冬十月乙酉,百濟王扶餘昌遣使來賀,授昌上開府、儀同三司、帶方郡公。 戊子,行新律。 壬辰,行幸岐州。
In the tenth month, on yiyou, King Buyu Chang of Baekje sent envoys to congratulate; Chang was invested upper opening office, third-order ceremonial peer, and Duke of Daifang. On wuzi the new law code took effect. On renchen the emperor went on tour to Qi province.
35
十一月乙卯,以永昌郡公竇榮定為右武候大將軍。 [16]丁卯,遣兼散騎侍郎鄭撝使於陳。 己巳,有流星,聲如隤牆,光燭于地。
In the eleventh month, on yimao, Dou Rongding, Duke of Yongchang, was made Grand General of the Right Martial Guard. [16] On dingmao Acting Attendant of the Scattered Cavalry Zheng Hui was sent as envoy to Chen. On jisi a meteor fell with a sound like a collapsing wall, its light shining on the ground.
36
十二月戊寅,以申州刺史尒朱敞為金州總管。 甲申,以禮部尚書韋世康為吏部尚書。 己丑,以柱國元袞為廓州總管,興勢郡公衞玄為淮州總管。 庚子,至自岐州。 壬寅,高麗王高陽遣使朝貢,授陽大將軍、遼東郡公。 太子太保柳敏卒。
In the twelfth month, on wuyin, Erzhu Chang, governor of Shen, was made governor of Jin. On jiashen Wei Shikang, Director of Rites, was made Director of Personnel. On jichou Yuan Gun, pillar of state, was made governor of Kuo, and Wei Xuan, Duke of Xingshi, governor of Huai. On gengzi the emperor returned from Qi province. On renyin King Gao Yang of Goguryeo sent envoys in tribute; Yang was invested Grand General and Duke of Liaodong. Grand Protector of the Crown Prince Liu Min died.
37
二年春正月癸丑,幸上柱國王誼第。 庚申,幸安成長公主第。 陳宣帝殂,子叔寶立。 辛酉,置河北道行臺尚書省於并州,以晉王廣為尚書令。 置河南道行臺尚書省於洛州,以秦王俊為尚書令。 置西南道行臺尚書省於益州,以蜀王秀為尚書令。 戊辰,陳遣使請和,歸我胡墅。 辛未,高麗、百濟並遣使貢方物。 甲戌,詔舉賢良。
In spring of the second year, on guichou in the first month, the emperor visited the home of Wang Yi, senior pillar of state. On gengshen he visited the Princess of Ancheng. Emperor Xuan of Chen died and was succeeded by his son Shubao. On xinyou the Hebei Circuit Branch Department of State Affairs was set up at Bingzhou, with Prince of Jin Guang as Director. The Henan Circuit Branch Department of State Affairs was set up at Luozhou, with Prince of Qin Jun as Director. The Southwest Circuit Branch Department of State Affairs was set up at Yizhou, with Prince of Shu Xiu as Director. On wuchen Chen sent envoys suing for peace and returned Hushi. On xinwei Goguryeo and Baekje both sent envoys with tribute. On jiaxu an edict ordered the recommendation of worthy and able men.
38
二月己丑,詔高熲等班師。 庚寅,以晉王廣為左武衞大將軍,秦王俊為右武衞大將軍,餘官並如故。 辛卯,幸趙國公獨孤陀第。 庚子,京師雨土。
In the second month, on jichou, an edict ordered Gao Yong and the others to withdraw their armies. On gengyin Prince of Jin Guang was made Grand General of the Left Martial Guard and Prince of Qin Jun Grand General of the Right Martial Guard; their other posts were unchanged. On xinmao the emperor visited the home of Duke of Zhao Duguo. On gengzi earth fell like rain in the capital.
39
三月戊申,開渠,引杜陽水於三畤原。
In the third month, on wushen, a canal was dug to bring Duyang River water onto the Sanzhi Plain.
40
四月丁丑,以寧州刺史竇榮定為左武候大將軍。 庚寅,大將軍韓僧壽破突厥於雞頭山,上柱國李充破突厥於河北山。
In the fourth month, on dingchou, Dou Rongding, governor of Ning, was made Grand General of the Left Martial Guard. On gengyin Grand General Han Sengshou routed the Turks at Jitou Mountain, and Li Chong, senior pillar of state, defeated them at Hebei Mountain.
41
五月戊申,以上柱國、開府長孫平為度支尚書。 己酉,旱,上親省囚徒。 其日大雨。 己未,高寶寧寇平州,突厥入長城。 庚申,以豫州刺史皇甫績為都官尚書。 壬戌,太尉、任國公于翼薨。 甲子,改傳國璽曰受命璽。
In the fifth month, on wushen, Zhangsun Ping, senior pillar of state, was made Director of Revenue. On jiyou there was drought, and the emperor personally reviewed prisoners. That same day heavy rain fell. On jiwei Gao Baoning raided Ping province and the Turks broke through the Long Wall. On gengshen Huangfu Ji, governor of Yu, was made Director of Justice. On renxu Grand Commandant Yu Yi, Duke of Ren, died. On jiazi the imperial seal of transmission was renamed the Seal of Receiving the Mandate.
42
六月壬午,以太府卿蘇孝慈為兵部尚書,雍州牧、衞王爽為原州總管。 甲申,使使弔於陳國。 乙酉,上柱國李充破突厥於馬邑。 戊子,以上柱國叱李長叉為蘭州總管。 辛卯,以上開府尒朱敞為徐州總管。
In the sixth month, on renwu, Su Xiaoci, Director of the Palace Treasury, was made Director of War, and Prince of Wei Yang Shuang, governor of Yong, was made governor of Yuan. On jiashen envoys were sent to offer condolences in Chen. On yiyou Li Chong, senior pillar of state, defeated the Turks at Mayi. On wuzi Chilijichangcha, senior pillar of state, was made governor of Lan. On xinmao Erzhu Chang, upper opening office, was made governor of Xu.
43
丙申,詔曰:「朕祗奉上玄,君臨萬國,屬生人之敝,處前代之宮。 常以為作之者勞,居之者逸,改創之事,心未遑也。 而王公大臣陳謀獻策,咸云羲、農以降,至于姬、劉,有當代而屢遷,無革命而不徙。 曹、馬之後,時見因循,乃末代之宴安,非往聖之宏義。 此城從漢,彫殘日久,屢為戰場,舊經喪亂。 今之宮室,事近權宜,又非謀筮從龜,瞻星揆日,不足建皇王之邑,合大眾所聚。 論變通之數,具幽顯之情,同心固請,詞情深切。 然則京師百官之府,四海歸向,非朕一人之所獨有。 苟利於物,其可違乎! 且殷之五遷,恐人盡死,是則以吉凶之土,制長短之命。 謀新去故,如農望秋,雖暫劬勞,其究安宅。 今區宇寧一,陰陽順序,安安以遷,勿懷胥怨。 龍首山川原秀麗,卉物滋阜,卜食相土,宜建都邑,定鼎之基永固,無窮之業在斯。 公私府宅,規模遠近,營構資費,隨事條奏。」 仍詔左僕射高熲、將作大匠劉龍、鉅鹿郡公賀婁子幹、太府少卿高龍叉等創造新都。
On bingshen an edict read: "We reverently serve Heaven and rule the myriad peoples; with the people worn out, We still dwell in a palace of a former dynasty. We have always held that builders toil while dwellers rest, and rebuilding has not yet had Our full attention. Yet princes, dukes, and ministers offered plans, saying that from Fuxi and Shennong down through the houses of Ji and Liu, rulers moved repeatedly within a reign, and no dynasty changed without moving its capital. After Cao Wei and Jin, some rulers clung to old seats — the comfort of a decadent age, not the great principle of the ancient sages. This city dates from Han; long worn and ruined, it has been a battlefield again and again and has seen repeated upheaval. The present palace is a makeshift, not chosen by tortoise divination, star-reading, or sun-observation — unfit to be the seat of an imperial king or to gather the great multitude. Speaking of change and adaptation, and of what is hidden and manifest, they petitioned with one heart, their words deep and urgent. Yet the capital offices of the hundred officials and the turning of the four seas toward Us are not Our possession alone. If it benefits the realm, how can We refuse! Moreover the five removals of Yin feared the people would all die — so auspicious or inauspicious ground governs the length of life. To plan the new and leave the old is like a farmer looking toward autumn: though there is temporary toil, in the end there is a settled home. Now the realm is unified and yin and yang are in order; move in peace — do not harbor resentment. At Dragon's Head the rivers and plains are fair and plants flourish; by divining food and examining soil a capital may be built — the foundation of the tripods will stand firm and the boundless enterprise rests here. For public and private mansions, near or far in scale, construction costs are to be reported item by item. An edict also ordered Left Vice Director Gao Yong, Master Builder Liu Long, He Lou Zigan, Duke of Julu, and Gao Longcha, Vice Director of the Palace Treasury, to build the new capital.
44
秋八月癸巳,以左武候大將軍竇榮定為秦州總管。
In the eighth month, on guisi, Dou Rongding, Grand General of the Left Martial Guard, was made governor of Qin.
45
十月癸酉,皇太子勇屯兵咸陽,以備胡。 庚寅,上疾愈,享百僚於觀德殿。 賜錢帛,皆任其自取,盡力而出。 辛卯,以營新都副監賀婁子幹為工部尚書。
In the tenth month, on guiyou, Crown Prince Yong stationed troops at Xianyang against the Hu. On gengyin the emperor recovered from illness and feasted the hundred officials in the Guande Hall. Silk and cloth were bestowed, and each man was allowed to carry out as much as his strength permitted. On xinmao He Lou Zigan, deputy overseer of the new capital, was made Director of Works.
46
十一月丙午,高麗遣使獻方物。
In the eleventh month, on bingwu, Goguryeo sent envoys with tribute.
47
十二月辛未,上講武於後園。 甲戌,上柱國竇毅卒。 丙子,名新都曰大興城。 乙酉,遣沁源公虞慶則屯弘化,備胡。 突厥寇周槃,行軍總管達奚長儒擊之,為虜所敗。 丙戌,賜國子生經明者束帛。 丁亥,親錄囚徒。
In the twelfth month, on xinwei, the emperor reviewed troops in the rear garden. On jiaxu Dou Yi, senior pillar of state, died. On bingzi the new capital was named Daxing City. On yiyou Yu Qingze, Duke of Qinyuan, was ordered to garrison Honghua against the Hu. The Turks raided Zhoupan; campaigning commander Daxi Changru attacked them and was beaten by the enemy. On bingxu silk was bestowed on Imperial Academy students distinguished in the classics. On dinghai the emperor personally reviewed the prison registers.
48
三年春正月庚子,將入新都,大赦天下。 禁大刀長矟。 癸亥,高麗遣使來朝。
In spring of the third year, on gengzi in the first month, before entering the new capital, a general amnesty was proclaimed. Large swords and long spears were banned. On guihai Goguryeo sent envoys to court.
49
二月己巳朔,日有蝕之。 壬申,宴北道勳人。 癸酉,陳遣兼散騎常侍賀徹、兼通直散騎常侍蕭褒來聘。 突厥寇邊。 甲戌,涇陽獲毛龜。 癸未,以左衞大將軍李禮成為右武衞大將軍。
In the second month, on jisi, the first day of the month, there was a solar eclipse. On renshen meritorious men of the northern circuit were feasted. On guiyou Chen sent He Che and Xiao Bao as envoys on a court visit. Turkish raiders struck the frontier. On jiaxu a hairy tortoise was captured at Jingyang. On guiwei Li Licheng, Grand General of the Left Guard, was made Grand General of the Right Martial Guard.
50
三月丁未,上柱國、鮮虞縣公謝慶恩卒。 己酉,以上柱國達奚長儒為蘭州總管。 丙辰,雨,常服入新都。 京師醴泉出。 丁巳,詔購求遺書於天下。 庚申,宴百僚,班賜各有差。 癸亥,城榆關。
On the dingwei day in the third month, Xie Qing'en, Senior Pillar of the State and Duke of Xianyu county, died. On jiyou, Senior Pillar of the State Daxi Changru was made governor of Lan province. On bingchen it rained; dressed in ordinary robes, the emperor entered the new capital. Sweet springs appeared in the capital. On dingsi an edict ordered the purchase and collection of lost books throughout the realm. On gengshen the emperor banqueted the hundred officials and distributed gifts in varying amounts. On guihai Yulin Pass was fortified.
51
夏四月己巳,上柱國、建平郡公于義卒。 庚午,吐谷渾寇臨洮,洮州刺史皮子信死之。 [17]辛未,高麗遣使來朝。 壬申,以尚書右僕射趙煚兼內史令。 丁丑,以滕王瓚為雍州牧。 己卯,衞王爽破突厥於白道。 庚辰,行軍總管陰壽破高寶寧於黃龍。 甲申,旱,上親祀雨師於國城之西南。 丙戌,詔天下勸學行禮。 以濟北郡公梁遠為汶州總管。 己丑,陳郢州城主張子譏遣使請降,上以和好,不納。 辛卯,遣兼散騎常侍薛舒、兼通直散騎常侍王劭使於陳。 癸巳,上親雩。 甲午,突厥遣使來朝。
In the fourth month of summer, on jisi, Yu Yi, Senior Pillar of the State and Duke of Jianping commandery, died. On gengwu Tuyuhun raided Lintao, and Pi Zixin, governor of Tao province, was killed. [17] On xinwei Goguryeo sent envoys to court. On renshen Right Vice Director Zhao Jiong was also made Director of the Palace Secretariat. On dingchou Prince of Teng Zan was made governor of Yong province. On jimao Prince of Wei Shuang defeated the Turks at Baidao. On gengchen Campaign Commander Yin Shou defeated Gao Baoning at Huanglong. On jiashen, during a drought, the emperor personally sacrificed to the Rain Master southwest of the capital. On bingxu an edict urged the realm to promote learning and practice ritual. Liang Yuan, Duke of Jibei commandery, was made governor of Wen province. On jichou Zhang Ziji, commandant of Ying province in Chen, sent envoys to surrender, but the emperor, seeking friendly relations, declined. On xinmao Acting Bearer of the Golden Pide Xi Shu and Acting Regular Bearer of the Golden Pide Wang Shao were sent as envoys to Chen. On guisi the emperor personally performed the rain sacrifice. On jiawu the Turks sent envoys to court.
52
五月癸卯,行軍總管李晃破突厥於摩那渡口。 甲辰,高麗遣使來朝。 乙巳,梁太子蕭琮來賀遷都。 丁未,靺鞨貢方物。 戊申,幽州總管陰壽卒。 辛酉,有事於方澤。 壬戌,行軍元帥竇榮定破突厥及吐谷渾於涼州。 丙寅,赦黃龍死罪已下。
In the fifth month, on guimao, Campaign Commander Li Huang defeated the Turks at the Mana River crossing. On jiachen Goguryeo sent envoys to court. On yisi Crown Prince of Liang Xiao Cong came to congratulate the move of the capital. On dingwei Mohe presented local products as tribute. On wushen Yin Shou, governor of You province, died. On xinyou sacrifice was offered at the Square Marsh altar. On renxu Campaign Marshal Dou Rongding defeated the Turks and Tuyuhun in Liang province. On bingyin amnesty was granted in Huanglong for all crimes below capital punishment.
53
六月庚午,以衞王爽子集為遂安郡王。 戊寅,突厥遣使請和。 庚辰,行軍總管梁遠破吐谷渾於爾汗山,斬其名王。 壬申,[18]以晉州刺史燕榮為青州總管。 己丑,以河間王弘為寧州總管。 乙未,幸安成長公主第。
In the sixth month, on gengwu, Ji, son of Prince of Wei Shuang, was made Prince of Suian commandery. On wuyin the Turks sent envoys to request peace. On gengchen Campaign Commander Liang Yuan defeated Tuyuhun at Mount Erhan and beheaded a renowned prince. On renshen, [18] Yan Rong, governor of Jin province, was made governor of Qing province. On jichou Prince of Hejian Hong was made governor of Ning province. On yiwei the emperor visited the residence of Princess Anchang.
54
秋七月辛丑,以豫州刺史周搖為幽州總管。 壬戌,詔曰:「行仁蹈義,名教所先,厲俗敦風,宜見褒奬。 往者,山東、河表,經此妖亂,孤城遠守,多不自全。 濟陰太守杜猷身陷賊徒,命懸寇手。 郡省事范臺玫傾產營護,免其戮辱。 眷言誠節,實有可嘉,宜超恒賞,用明沮勸。 臺玫可大都督、假湘州刺史。」 丁卯,日有蝕之。 [19]
In the seventh month of autumn, on xinchou, Zhou Yao, governor of Yu province, was made governor of You province. On renxu an edict stated: "Practicing benevolence and walking in righteousness come first in moral teaching; to encourage custom and cultivate conduct, such deeds should be rewarded and commended. In the past, east of the mountains and along the Yellow River, regions ravaged by this rebellion saw isolated frontier cities that often could not hold out on their own. Du You, governor of Jiyin commandery, was trapped among the rebels with his life in the enemy's hands. Fan Taimei, a clerk in the commandery office, spent all he had to rescue and protect him, sparing him from slaughter and humiliation. Reflecting on his sincere loyalty, his conduct is truly praiseworthy; he deserves exceptional reward, to make clear both encouragement and deterrent. Fan Taimei is appointed Grand Commandant and Acting Governor of Xiang province." On dingmao there was a solar eclipse. [19] Scholarly annotation marker.
55
八月丁丑,靺鞨貢方物。 己卯,以右武衞大將軍李禮成為襄州總管。 壬午,遣尚書左僕射高熲出寧州道,內史監虞慶則出原州道,並為行軍元帥,以擊胡。 戊子,上有事於太社。
In the eighth month, on dingchou, Mohe presented local products as tribute. On jimao Li Licheng, Grand General of the Right Martial Guard, was made governor of Xiang province. On renwu Left Vice Director Gao Yong was sent via the Ning province route and Director of the Palace Secretariat Yu Qingze via the Yuan province route, both as campaign marshals to attack the barbarians. On wuzi the emperor offered sacrifice at the Grand Altar of Soil.
56
九月壬子,幸城東,觀稼穀。 癸丑,大赦天下。
In the ninth month, on renzi, the emperor visited the east of the city to inspect the grain harvest. On guichou a general amnesty was proclaimed throughout the realm.
57
冬十月甲戍,廢河南道行臺省,以秦王俊為秦州總管。
In the tenth month of winter, on jiaxu, the Henan Circuit Executive Office was abolished, and Prince of Qin Jun was made governor of Qin province.
58
十一月己酉,發使巡省風俗,因下詔曰:「朕君臨區宇,深思治術,欲使生人從化,以德代刑,求草萊之善,旌閭里之行。 民間情偽,咸欲備聞。 已詔使人,所在賑恤,揚鑣分路,將遍四海,必令為朕耳目。 如有文武才用,未為時知,宜以禮發遣,朕將銓擢。 其有志節高妙,越等超倫,亦仰使人就加旌異,令一行一善奬勸於人。 遠近官司,遐邇風俗,巨細必紀,還日奏聞。 庶使不出戶庭,坐知萬里。」 庚辰,陳遣散騎常侍周墳、通直散騎常侍袁彥來聘。 陳主知上之貌異世人,使彥畫像持去。 甲午,罷天下諸郡。
In the eleventh month, on jiyou, envoys were dispatched to tour and inspect local customs, accompanied by an edict: "We preside over the realm, deeply reflecting on the art of governance, wishing to bring the people to transformation through virtue in place of punishment, seeking goodness among the common folk and honoring conduct in every neighborhood. We wish to hear fully of both truth and falsehood among the people. We have already ordered envoys to go everywhere to provide relief; they will spur their horses along separate routes until they cover the four seas, and they must serve as Our eyes and ears. If there are persons of civil and military talent not yet recognized by the age, they should be sent forward with proper ceremony, and We shall select and promote them. Those whose integrity and conduct are lofty and extraordinary, surpassing their rank and exceeding ordinary measure, should also have envoys sent to honor them specially, so that each good deed may encourage others. Whether near or far, officials and local customs, great and small, must all be recorded and reported upon their return. Thus We may know what lies ten thousand li away without leaving Our hall." On gengchen Chen dispatched Bearer of the Golden Pide Zhou Fen and Regular Bearer of the Golden Pide Yuan Yan on a friendly mission. The ruler of Chen, knowing that the emperor's appearance differed from ordinary men, had Yuan Yan paint his portrait and take it away. On jiawu all commanderies throughout the realm were abolished.
59
閏十二月乙卯,遣兼散騎常侍曹令則、通直散騎常侍魏澹使於陳。 戊午,以上柱國竇榮定為右武衞大將軍,刑部尚書蘇威為民部尚書。
In the intercalary twelfth month, on yimao, Acting Bearer of the Golden Pide Cao Lingze and Regular Bearer of the Golden Pide Wei Tan were sent as envoys to Chen. On wuwu Senior Pillar of the State Dou Rongding was made Grand General of the Right Martial Guard, and Su Wei, Director of the Ministry of Justice, was made Director of the Ministry of Revenue.
60
四年春正月甲子,日有蝕之。 己巳,有事於太廟。 辛未,有事於南郊。 壬申,梁主蕭巋來朝。 甲戌,大射於北苑,十日而罷。 壬午,齊州水。 辛卯,渝州獲獸似麋,一角同蹄。 壬辰,班新曆。
In the first month of spring of the fourth year, on jiazi, there was a solar eclipse. On jisi sacrifice was offered at the Grand Ancestral Temple. On xinwei sacrifice was offered at the Southern Suburb. On renshen Ruler of Liang Xiao Kui came to court. On jiaxu a grand archery ceremony was held in the Northern Park and continued for ten days. On renwu Qi province suffered flooding. On xinmao Yu province captured a beast resembling an elk, with one horn and cloven hooves. On renchen the new calendar was promulgated.
61
二月乙巳,上餞梁主於霸上。 丁未,靺鞨貢方物。 突厥蘇尼部男女萬餘人來降。 庚戌,幸隴州。 突厥可汗阿史那玷率其屬來降。
In the second month, on yisi, the emperor gave a farewell banquet for the Ruler of Liang at Bashang. On dingwei Mohe presented local products as tribute. More than ten thousand men and women of the Suni division of the Turks came to surrender. On gengxu the emperor visited Long province. Ashina Dian, khan of the Turks, led his followers to surrender.
62
夏四月己亥,勑總管、刺史父母及子年十五已上,不得將之官。 庚子,以吏部尚書虞慶則為尚書右僕射,瀛州刺史楊尚希為兵部尚書,毛州刺史劉仁恩為刑部尚書。 甲辰,以上柱國叱李長叉為信州總管。 丁未,宴突厥、高麗、吐谷渾使者於大興殿。 丁巳,以上大將軍賀婁子幹為榆關總管。
In the fourth month of summer, on jihai, an order was issued that governors and prefects might not take their parents or sons aged fifteen and above with them to their posts. On gengzi Yu Qingze, Director of the Ministry of Personnel, was made Right Vice Director; Yang Shangxi, governor of Ying province, was made Director of the Ministry of War; and Liu Ren'en, governor of Mao province, was made Director of the Ministry of Justice. On jiachen Senior Pillar of the State Chilie Changcha was made governor of Xin province. On dingwei envoys from the Turks, Goguryeo, and Tuyuhun were banqueted in the Daxing Hall. On dingsi Grand General Helou Zigan was made governor of Yulin Pass.
63
五月癸酉,契丹主莫賀弗遣使請降,拜大將軍。 丙子,以柱國馮昱為汾州總管。 乙酉,以汴州刺史呂仲泉為延州總管。
In the fifth month, on guiyou, Mohefu, chieftain of the Khitan, sent envoys to surrender and was appointed Grand General. On bingzi Feng Yu, Pillar of the State, was made governor of Fen province. On yiyou Lü Zhongquan, governor of Bian province, was made governor of Yan province.
64
六月庚子,降囚徒。 乙巳,以鴻臚卿乙弗寔為翼州總管,上柱國豆盧勣為夏州總管。 壬子,開渠,自渭達河以通運漕。 戊午,秦王俊來朝。
In the sixth month, on gengzi, prisoners were granted reduction of sentence. On yisi Yifu Shi, Director of the Court of State Ceremonial, was made governor of Yi province, and Dou Lu Ji, Senior Pillar of the State, was made governor of Xia province. On renzi a canal was opened from the Wei River to the Yellow River to enable transport by water. On wuwu Prince of Qin Jun came to court.
65
秋七月丙寅,陳遣兼散騎常侍謝泉、兼通直散騎常侍賀德基來聘。
In the seventh month of autumn, on bingyin, Chen dispatched Acting Bearer of the Golden Pide Xie Quan and Acting Regular Bearer of the Golden Pide He Deji on a friendly mission.
66
九月甲子,幸襄國公主第。 乙丑,幸霸水,觀漕渠,賜督役者帛各有差。 己巳,上親錄囚徒。 庚午,契丹內附。 甲戌,駕幸洛陽,關內饑也。 癸未,太白晝見。
In the ninth month, on jiazi, the emperor visited the residence of Princess Xiangguo. On yichou the emperor visited Bashui to inspect the transport canal and granted silk to the overseers of the work in varying amounts. On jisi the emperor personally reviewed prisoners. On gengwu the Khitan submitted to the empire. On jiaxu the emperor traveled to Luoyang because Guannei was suffering famine. On guiwei Venus was visible during the day.
67
冬十一月壬戌,遣兼散騎常侍薛道衡、通直散騎常侍豆盧寔使於陳。 癸亥,以榆關總管賀婁子幹為雲州總管。
In the eleventh month of winter, on renxu, Acting Bearer of the Golden Pide Xue Daheng and Regular Bearer of the Golden Pide Dou Lu Shi were sent as envoys to Chen. On guihai Helou Zigan, governor of Yulin Pass, was made governor of Yun province.
68
五年春正月戊辰,詔行新禮。
In the first month of spring of the fifth year, on wuchen, an edict ordered the implementation of the new ritual code.
69
三月戊午,以尚書左僕射高熲為左領軍大將軍,上柱國宇文忻為右領軍大將軍。
In the third month, on wuwu, Left Vice Director Gao Yong was made Grand General of the Left Army Guard, and Yuwen Xin, Senior Pillar of the State, was made Grand General of the Right Army Guard.
70
夏四月甲午,契丹主多彌遣使貢方物。 壬寅,上柱國王誼謀反,伏誅。 乙巳,詔徵山東馬榮伯等六儒。 戊申,車駕至自洛陽。
In the fourth month of summer, on jiawu, Duomi, chieftain of the Khitan, sent envoys to present local products as tribute. On renyin Wang Yi, Senior Pillar of the State, plotted rebellion and was executed. On yisi an edict summoned six scholars from east of the mountains, including Ma Rongbo. On wushen the emperor returned from Luoyang.
71
五月甲申,詔置義倉。 梁主蕭巋殂,其太子琮嗣立。 遣上大將軍元契使于突厥阿波可汗。
In the fifth month, on jiashen, an edict ordered the establishment of charity granaries. Ruler of Liang Xiao Kui died, and his crown prince Cong succeeded to the throne. Grand General Yuan Qi was sent as envoy to Apo Khan of the Turks.
72
秋七月庚申,陳遣兼散騎常侍王話、兼通直散騎常侍阮卓來聘。 丁丑,以上柱國宇文慶為涼州總管。 壬午,突厥沙鉢略上表稱臣。
In the seventh month of autumn, on gengshen, Chen dispatched Acting Bearer of the Golden Pide Wang Hua and Acting Regular Bearer of the Golden Pide Ruan Zhuo on a friendly mission. On dingchou Senior Pillar of the State Yuwen Qing was made governor of Liang province. On renwu Shaboluo of the Turks submitted a memorial declaring himself a subject.
73
八月丙戌,沙鉢略可汗遣子庫合真特勤來朝。 [20]甲辰,河南諸州水,遣民部尚書邳國公蘇威賑給之。 戊申,有流星數百,四散而下。 己酉,幸栗園。
In the eighth month, on bingxu, Khan Shaboluo sent his son Kuhezhen Teqin to court. [20] On jiachen the provinces south of the Yellow River suffered flooding, and Su Wei, Duke of Pi and Director of the Ministry of Revenue, was sent to provide relief. On wushen several hundred shooting stars scattered and fell. On jiyou the emperor visited Liyuan.
74
九月丁巳,至自栗園。 乙丑,改鮑陂曰杜陂,霸水為滋水。 陳將湛文徹寇和州,儀同三司費寶首獲之。 丙子,遣兼散騎常侍李若、兼通直散騎常侍崔君贍使於陳。
In the ninth month, on dingsi, the emperor returned from Liyuan. On yichou Baopi was renamed Dupi, and Bashui was renamed Zishui. Chen general Zhan Wenche raided He province, and Fei Baoshou, Acting Third Rank, captured him. On bingzi Acting Bearer of the Golden Pide Li Ruo and Acting Regular Bearer of the Golden Pide Cui Junshan were sent as envoys to Chen.
75
冬十月壬辰,以上柱國楊素為信州總管,朔州總管吐萬緒為徐州總管。
In the tenth month of winter, on renchen, Senior Pillar of the State Yang Su was made governor of Xin province, and Tuwanyu, governor of Shuo province, was made governor of Xu province.
76
十一月甲子,以上大將軍源雄為朔州總管。 丁卯,晉王廣來朝。
In the eleventh month, on jiazi, Grand General Yuan Xiong was made governor of Shuo province. On dingmao Prince of Jin Guang came to court.
77
十二月丁未,降囚徒。 戊申,以上柱國達奚長儒為夏州總管。
In the twelfth month, on dingwei, prisoners were granted reduction of sentence. On wushen Senior Pillar of the State Daxi Changru was made governor of Xia province.
78
六年春正月甲子,党項羌內附。 庚午,班曆於突厥。 辛未,以柱國韋洸為安州總管。 壬申,遣民部尚書蘇威巡省山東。
In the first month of spring of the sixth year, on jiazi, the Tangut Qiang submitted to the empire. On gengwu the calendar was promulgated to the Turks. On xinwei Wei Guang, Pillar of the State, was made governor of An province. On renshen Su Wei, Director of the Ministry of Revenue, was sent to tour and inspect east of the mountains.
79
二月乙酉,山南荊、淅七州水,遣前工部尚書長孫毗賑恤之。 丙戌,制刺史上佐每歲暮更入朝,上考課。 丁亥,發丁男十一萬修築長城,二旬而罷。 乙未,以上柱國崔弘度為襄州總管。 庚子,大赦天下。
In the second month, on yiyou, seven provinces south of the mountains in Jing and Xi suffered flooding, and former Director of the Ministry of Works Zhangsun Pi was sent to provide relief. On bingxu a regulation was issued that the chief assistants of prefects should enter court at year's end for annual performance review. On dinghai one hundred ten thousand conscripted men were mobilized to build the Great Wall, and the work was completed in twenty days. On yiwei Senior Pillar of the State Cui Hongdu was made governor of Xiang province. On gengzi a general amnesty was proclaimed throughout the realm.
80
三月己未,洛陽男子高德上書,請上為太上皇,傳位皇太子。 上曰:「朕承天命,撫育蒼生,日旰孜孜,猶恐不逮。 豈學近代帝王,事不師古,傳位於子,自求逸樂者哉!」 癸亥,突厥沙鉢略遣使貢方物。
In the third month, on jiwei, Gao De, a man of Luoyang, submitted a memorial asking the emperor to become Retired Emperor and abdicate in favor of the crown prince. The emperor said, "We have received Heaven's mandate and nurture the common people; from dawn to dusk We toil diligently, yet still fear We fall short. How could We imitate the emperors of recent times, who did not follow the ancients, abdicating to their sons and seeking ease and pleasure for themselves!" On guihai Shaboluo of the Turks sent envoys to present local products as tribute.
81
夏四月己亥,陳遣兼散騎常侍周磻、兼通直散騎常侍江椿來聘。
In the fourth month of summer, on jihai, Chen dispatched Acting Bearer of the Golden Pide Zhou Pan and Acting Regular Bearer of the Golden Pide Jiang Chun on a friendly mission.
82
秋七月辛亥,河南諸州水。 乙丑,京師雨毛,如馬鬉尾,長者二尺餘,短者六七寸。
In the seventh month of autumn, on xinhai, the provinces south of the Yellow River suffered flooding. On yichou hair-like strands rained in the capital, resembling horse mane and tail; the longest were more than two chi, the shortest six or seven cun.
83
閏月己酉,以河州刺史段文振為蘭州總管。 丁卯,皇太子鎮洛陽。 辛未,晉王廣、秦王俊並來朝。 丙子,上柱國、郕國公梁士彥,上柱國、杞國公宇文忻,柱國、舒國公劉昉,以謀反伏誅。 上柱國、許國公宇文善坐事除名。
In the intercalary month, on jiyou, Duan Wenzhen, governor of He province, was made governor of Lan province. On dingmao the crown prince took up residence at Luoyang. On xinwei Prince of Jin Guang and Prince of Qin Jun both came to court. On bingzi Liang Shiyan, Duke of Cheng and Senior Pillar of the State; Yuwen Xin, Duke of Qi and Senior Pillar of the State; and Liu Fang, Duke of Shu and Pillar of the State, were executed for plotting rebellion. Yuwen Shan, Duke of Xu and Senior Pillar of the State, was stripped of his name and rank for an offense.
84
九月辛巳,上素服御射殿,詔百僚射,賜梁士彥三家資物。 丙戌,上柱國、宋安郡公元景山卒。 庚子,以上柱國李詢為隰州總管。 辛丑,詔大象已來死事之家,咸令賑恤。
In the ninth month, on xinsi, wearing plain robes the emperor presided over the Archery Hall, ordered the hundred officials to shoot, and granted goods and property to the three families of Liang Shiyan. On bingxu Yuan Jingshan, Duke of Song'an commandery and Senior Pillar of the State, died. On gengzi Senior Pillar of the State Li Xun was made governor of Xi province. On xinchou an edict ordered relief for all families who had died in service since the Daxiang era.
85
冬十月己酉,以河北道行臺尚書令、并州總管、晉王廣為雍州牧,餘官如故; 兵部尚書楊尚希為禮部尚書。 癸丑,置山南道行臺尚書省於襄州,以秦王俊為尚書令。 丙辰,以芳州刺史駱平難為疊州刺史,衡州總管周法尚為黃州總管。 甲子,甘露降于華林園。
In the tenth month of winter, on jiyou, Prince of Jin Guang, Director of the Hebei Circuit Executive Office and governor of Bing province, was made governor of Yong province, his other offices remaining unchanged; Yang Shangxi, Director of the Ministry of War, was made Director of the Ministry of Rites. On guichou the Shannan Circuit Executive Office was established at Xiang province, and Prince of Qin Jun was made Director of the Department of State Affairs. On bingchen Luo Pingnan, governor of Fang province, was made governor of Die province, and Zhou Fashang, governor of Heng province, was made governor of Huang province. On jiazi sweet dew fell in the Hualin Garden.
86
七年春正月癸巳,有事于太廟。 乙未,制諸州歲貢三人。
In the first month of spring of the seventh year, on guisi, sacrifice was offered at the Grand Ancestral Temple. On yiwei a regulation was issued that each province should submit three tribute candidates annually.
87
二月丁巳,祀朝日于東郊。 己巳,陳遣兼散騎常侍王亨、兼通直散騎常侍王眘來聘。 壬申,車駕幸醴泉宮。 是月,發丁男十萬餘修築長城,二旬而罷。
In the second month, on dingsi, the Morning Sun was sacrificed to at the Eastern Suburb. On jisi Chen dispatched Acting Bearer of the Golden Pide Wang Heng and Acting Regular Bearer of the Golden Pide Wang Shen on a friendly mission. On renshen the emperor visited Liquan Palace. That month more than one hundred thousand conscripted men were mobilized to build the Great Wall, and the work was completed in twenty days.
88
夏四月己酉,幸晉王第。 庚戌,於揚州開山陽瀆,以通運漕。 突厥沙鉢略可汗卒,其子雍虞閭嗣立,[21]是為都藍可汗。 癸亥,頒青龍符於東方總管、刺史,西方以騶虞,[22]南方以朱雀,北方以玄武。 甲戌,遣兼散騎常侍楊同、兼通直散騎常侍崔儦使于陳。 以民部尚書蘇威為吏部尚書。
In the fourth month of summer, on jiyou, the emperor visited the residence of Prince of Jin. On gengxu the Shanyang Canal was opened at Yang province to enable transport by water. Shaboluo Khan of the Turks died, and his son Yongyulü succeeded to the throne; [21] he was known as Khan Dulü. On guihai Azure Dragon talismans were issued to governors and prefects of the east; in the west the Zouyu was used, [22] in the south the Vermilion Bird, and in the north the Dark Warrior. On jiaxu Acting Bearer of the Golden Pide Yang Tong and Acting Regular Bearer of the Golden Pide Cui Biao were sent as envoys to Chen. Su Wei, Director of the Ministry of Revenue, was made Director of the Ministry of Personnel.
89
五月乙亥朔,日有蝕之。 己卯,雨石于武安、滏陽間十餘里。
In the fifth month, on the first day of the month, yihai, there was a solar eclipse. On jimao stones rained over more than ten li between Wu'an and Fuyang.
90
秋七月己丑,衞王爽薨,上發喪於門下外省。
In the seventh month of autumn, on jichou, Prince of Wei Shuang died, and the emperor presided over mourning rites at the Outer Secretariat.
91
八月丙午,以懷州刺史源雄為朔州總管。 庚申,梁主蕭琮來朝。
In the eighth month, on bingwu, Yuan Xiong, governor of Huai province, was made governor of Shuo province. On gengshen Ruler of Liang Xiao Cong came to court.
92
九月乙酉,梁安平王蕭巖掠於其國,以奔陳。 辛卯,廢梁國,曲赦江陵。 以梁主蕭琮為柱國,封莒國公。
In the ninth month, on yiyou, Xiao Yan, Prince of Anping of Liang, plundered within his own state and fled to Chen. On xinmao the state of Liang was abolished, and a partial amnesty was granted in Jiangling. Ruler of Liang Xiao Cong was made Pillar of the State and enfeoffed as Duke of Ju.
93
冬十月庚申,行幸同州,以先帝所居,降囚徒。 癸亥,幸蒲州。 丙寅,宴父老,上極歡,曰:「此間人物,衣服鮮麗,容止閑雅,良由仕宦之鄉,陶染成俗也。」
In the tenth month of winter, on gengshen, the emperor traveled to Tong province; because it was where the late emperor had resided, prisoners were granted reduction of sentence. On guihai the emperor visited Pu province. On bingyin the emperor banqueted the elders of the district and was greatly pleased, saying, "The people here, their clothing bright and splendid, their bearing leisurely and refined—this is truly because it is a district of official service, where custom has been molded by influence."
94
十一月甲午,幸馮翊,親祠故社。 父老對詔失旨,上大怒,免其縣官而去。 戊戌,至自馮翊。
In the eleventh month, on jiawu, the emperor visited Fengyi and personally sacrificed at the former altar of soil and grain. The elders answered the edict in a manner that missed its intent; the emperor was greatly angered, dismissed the county officials, and departed. On wuxu the emperor returned from Fengyi.
95
校勘記
Collation Notes
96
漢太尉震八代孫鉉「代」應作「世」,唐人諱改。 按本書中「世」、「代」雜出,其他避諱字也有類似情況,當是唐時修史非出於一人之手,前後並不一致,而後人校史時又有回改。 以後凡遇有這種避諱情況,只在某一避諱字第一次出現時出校記。
Xuan, eighth-generation descendant of Grand Commandant Zhen of Han: "dai" (generation) should read "shi" (generation)—a Tang-era taboo alteration. Note: In this book "shi" and "dai" appear mixed, and other taboo-avoidance characters show similar inconsistency. This suggests that the Tang-era compilation was not the work of a single hand, with inconsistencies between earlier and later portions, and later editors made further reversions. Henceforth, whenever such taboo-avoidance cases occur, collation notes will be given only at the first appearance of each taboo character.
97
侯伏侯壽周書侯植傳、又武帝紀作「侯伏侯萬壽」。 按:書中一部分人名往往有省一字的,以後凡遇有這種情況,只在某一人名第一次出現時出校記。
Houfuhou Shou: The Biography of Hou Zhi in the Book of Zhou and the Annals of Emperor Wu both read "Houfuhou Wanshou." Note: Some personal names in the book omit one character; henceforth, whenever such cases occur, collation notes will be given only at the first appearance of each name.
98
席毗本書李禮成傳作「席毗羅」。
Xi Pi: The Biography of Li Licheng in this book reads "Xi Piluo."
99
十一月辛未岑仲勉隋書求是 〈以下簡稱求是〉 :周書八靜帝紀作「十二月辛未」。 十一月癸未朔,無辛未,蓋誤。 按:十二月壬子朔,辛未為二十日,不應在下文「十二月甲子」 (十三日) 前。 此處當有訛誤或顛倒。
Eleventh month, xinwei day: Cen Zhongmian, Investigations into the Book of Sui 〈Hereafter abbreviated as Qiushi〉 : The Annals of Emperor Jing in fascicle 8 of the Book of Zhou reads "twelfth month, xinwei day." The eleventh month began on guiwei; there was no xinwei day—this is likely an error. Note: The twelfth month began on renzi; xinwei would be the twentieth day, and should not appear before "twelfth month, jiazi day" below (the thirteenth day) above. There must be an error or transposition here.
100
生人之命將殆「人」應作「民」,唐人諱改。
The lives of the people were nearly lost: "ren" (people) should read "min" (people)—a Tang-era taboo alteration.
101
尉迥即尉遲迥。
Wei Jiong: That is, Yuchi Jiong.
102
武牢「武」應作「虎」,唐人諱改。
Wulao: "Wu" (martial) should read "Hu" (tiger)—a Tang-era taboo alteration.
103
文深之柱「深」應作「淵」,唐人諱改。 馬援字文淵,立銅柱事見後漢書本傳。
Wen's Deep Pillar: "Shen" (deep) should read "Yuan" (deep)—a Tang-era taboo alteration. Ma Yuan, courtesy name Wenyuan; the erection of the bronze pillar is recorded in his biography in the Book of the Later Han.
104
武賁「武」應作「虎」,唐人諱改。
Wuben: "Wu" (martial) should read "Hu" (tiger)—a Tang-era taboo alteration.
105
丙辰「丙」原作「景」。 唐人諱「昞」,「丙」與「昞」同音,因改「丙」為「景」,今回改。 下同。
Bingchen: The original text read "Jing." Because the Tang tabooed the name Bing, the character bing was replaced with jing; the text has now been restored. The same applies below.
106
允執厥和「和」應作「中」,語出偽古文尚書大禹謨。 隋人諱「忠」,「中」與「忠」同音,因改「中」為「和」。
In "sincerely hold fast to its harmony," he should read zhong; the line comes from the spurious Old Text Documents of the Great Yu chapter. Because the Sui tabooed the name Zhong, the character for center was replaced with the character for harmony.
107
民部尚書本書元巖傳作「民部中大夫」。 隋人諱「忠」,改「中大夫」為「尚書」。
Director of the Ministry of Revenue: Yuan Yan's biography in this book gives the title as Grand Master of the Ministry of Revenue. Because the Sui tabooed the name Zhong, Grand Master was changed to Director.
108
伊婁彥恭即伊婁謙。
Yilou Yangong is Yilou Qian.
109
韓擒應作「韓擒虎」,唐人避諱,省「虎」字。
Han Qin should read Han Qinhu; the Tang taboo omitted the character hu, tiger.
110
五月戊子北史隋本紀上作「戊午」。 此月己酉朔,有戊午,無戊子。
Fifth month, wuzi day: The Basic Annals of Sui in the History of the Northern Dynasties has wuwu instead. That month began on jiyou, so there was a wuwu day but no wuzi day.
111
永昌郡公本書竇榮定傳作「永富縣公」,又來和傳作「永富公」。
Duke of Yongchang commandery: Dou Rongding's biography reads Duke of Yongfu county, and Lai He's biography reads Duke of Yongfu.
112
洮州求是認為當從吐谷渾傳作「旭州」。 按元和郡縣志 〈以下簡稱元和志〉 三九洮州條:「貞觀四年州移治故洪和城,於此置臨洮鎮。 五年廢鎮,置『御諱州』。」 此處的「御諱州」,唐書三八地理志作「旭州」。 宋人刊元和志時避趙頊 (宋神宗) 嫌名改 (頊、旭,音近)。 因此,這裏的「洮州」也可能是宋人改的。
Tao province: Qiushi argues that the Biography of Tuyuhun's reading, Xu province, should be followed here. According to the Yuanhe Commanderies and Counties Gazetteer 〈hereafter abbreviated as Yuanhe Gazetteer〉 Entry 39 on Tao province states that in the fourth year of Zhenguan the province seat was moved to the old Honghe city and Lintao garrison was established there. In the fifth year the garrison was abolished and Tabooed Province was established. The Tabooed Province here appears as Xu province in fascicle 38 of the Geography Monograph in the Book of Tang. When the Song edited the Yuanhe Gazetteer they avoided the name Zhao Xu Emperor Shenzong of Song and altered the name to avoid the taboo Xu and Xu are near homophones So the Tao province here may also have been altered by Song editors.
113
壬申六月丁卯朔,壬申 (初六) 應在戊寅 (十二日) 前,紀文當有訛誤或顛倒。
Renshen: The sixth month began on dingmao, making renshen the sixth day should precede wuyin the twelfth day above, so the annal text must contain an error or transposition.
114
庫合真特勤「特勤」原作「特勒」,據闕特勤碑及本書高祖紀下、又煬帝紀上改。 下同。
Kuhezhen Teqin: Teqin originally read Tele; the text was corrected according to the Kül Tigin stele and the Lower Annals of Gaozu and Upper Annals of Yangdi in this book. The same applies below.
115
其子雍虞閭嗣立按:本書長孫晟傳、又突厥傳,雍虞閭讓可汗位於其叔父處羅侯,處羅侯卒,雍虞閭才嗣立。 紀傳互異。
His son Yongyulü succeeded to the throne: According to the Biographies of Zhangsun Sheng and the Turks in this book, Yongyulü first yielded the khanate to his uncle Chuluo Hou and succeeded only after Chuluo Hou died. The annals and biographies disagree.
116
騶虞「騶虞」應作「白虎」。 唐人諱「虎」,此處用「騶虞」代「白虎」。
Zouyu should read White Tiger. Because the Tang tabooed the character hu, tiger, Zouyu is used here in place of White Tiger.