1
煬皇帝諱廣，一名英，小字阿𡡉，高祖第二子也。 母曰文獻獨孤皇后。 上美姿儀，少敏慧，高祖及后於諸子中特所鍾愛。 在周，以高祖勳，封雁門郡公。
The Emperor Yang's personal name was Guang; he was also called Ying, and as a child went by the name A'mo. He was the second son of Emperor Gaozu. His mother was Empress Wenxian, née Dugu. Handsome in appearance and sharp-witted from boyhood, he was the son whom Gaozu and the empress loved above all the others. While the Northern Zhou still ruled, he was made Duke of Yanmen Commandery in recognition of Gaozu's achievements.
2
六年，轉淮南道行臺尚書令。 其年，徵拜雍州牧、內史令。 八年冬，大舉伐陳，以上為行軍元帥。 及陳平，執陳湘州刺史施文慶、散騎常侍沈客卿、市令陽慧朗、刑法監徐析、[3]尚書都令史暨慧，以其邪佞，有害於民，斬之右闕下，以謝三吳。 於是封府庫，資財無所取，天下稱賢。 進位太尉，賜輅車、乘馬，袞冕之服，玄珪、白璧各一。 復拜并州總管。 俄而江南高智慧等相聚作亂，徙上為揚州總管，鎮江都，每歲一朝。 高祖之祠太山也，領武候大將軍。 明年，歸藩。 後數載，突厥寇邊，復為行軍元帥，出靈武，無虜而還。
In the sixth year he was reassigned as Director of the Huainan Circuit Executive and Minister Steward. In that same year he was recalled to court and appointed Governor of Yong Province and Director of the Palace Secretariat. In the winter of the eighth year, when the empire launched its great campaign against Chen, he was placed in command of the field army. After Chen fell, he had arrested and executed Shi Wenqing, Prefect of Xiangzhou, Shen Keqing, Attendant-in-Ordinary of the Loose Retinue, Market Magistrate Yang Huilang, Supervisor of Penal Law Xu Zhe, and Chief Clerk of the Ministry Secretariat Ji Hui—men whose corruption and flattery had harmed the people—below the Right Watchtower as an act of justice toward the Three Wu. He then sealed the state treasuries and took nothing for himself, and all under Heaven praised his restraint. He was promoted to Grand Commandant and given a ceremonial carriage, riding horses, the full regalia of rank, a black jade tablet, and a white jade disc. He was once more appointed Commander-in-Chief of Bing Province. Soon afterward, when Gao Zhihui and others in the south of the Yangzi gathered forces in rebellion, he was made Commander-in-Chief of Yang Province and posted at Jiangdu, returning to court once a year. When Gaozu performed the feng and shan rites at Mount Tai, he held the post of General of the Martial Guard. The next year he returned to his princely domain. Some years later, when the Turks raided the borders, he again took command of a field army, marched out from Lingwu, and returned after finding no enemy.
3
及太子勇廢，立上為皇太子。 是月，當受冊。 高祖曰：「吾以大興公成帝業。」 令上出舍大興縣。 其夜，烈風大雪，地震山崩，民舍多壞，壓死者百餘口。
After Crown Prince Yong was deposed, he was installed as crown prince. In that month he was to receive formal investiture as heir. Gaozu said, "It was through the Duke of Daxing that I achieved the imperial enterprise." He ordered the crown prince to move out and take lodging in Daxing County. That night a violent gale and blizzard swept in; the earth shook and mountains gave way, many houses were destroyed, and more than a hundred people were killed.
4
仁壽初，奉詔巡撫東南。 是後高祖每避暑仁壽宮，恒令上監國。
At the opening of the Renshou era he was ordered to tour and pacify the southeast. Thereafter, whenever Gaozu retired to Renshou Palace to escape the summer heat, he regularly left the crown prince in charge of state affairs.
5
四年七月，高祖崩，上即皇帝位於仁壽宮。 八月，奉梓宮還京師。 并州總管漢王諒舉兵反，詔尚書左僕射楊素討平之。 九月乙巳，以備身將軍崔彭為左領軍大將軍。 十一月乙未，幸洛陽。 丙申，發丁男數十萬掘塹，自龍門東接長平、汲郡，抵臨清關，度河，至浚儀、襄城，達於上洛，以置關防。 癸丑，詔曰：
In the seventh month of the fourth year Gaozu died, and he took the throne at Renshou Palace. In the eighth month he escorted the imperial coffin back to the capital. Prince Yang Liang of Han, Commander-in-Chief of Bing Province, rose in rebellion; the emperor ordered Left Vice Director Yang Su to put down the revolt. On the day yisi of the ninth month, Palace Guard General Cui Peng was made General of the Left Martial Guard. On the day yiwei of the eleventh month he traveled to Luoyang. On the day bingshen he conscripted several hundred thousand men to dig defensive ditches from Longmen east through Changping and Ji Commandery to Linqing Pass, then across the Yellow River to Junyi and Xiangcheng and on to Shangluo, establishing a chain of frontier defenses. On the day guichou an edict proclaimed:
6
乾道變化，陰陽所以消息，沿創不同，生靈所以順叙。 若使天意不變，施化何以成四時，人事不易，為政何以釐萬姓！ 易不云乎：「通其變，使民不倦」； 「變則通，通則久。」 「有德則可久，有功則可大。」 朕又聞之，安安而能遷，民用丕變。 是故姬邑兩周，如武王之意，殷人五徙，成湯后之業。 若不因人順天，功業見乎變，愛人治國者可不謂歟！
Heaven's Way is one of change; through yin and yang the seasons advance and retreat. Institutions differ from age to age, yet through them the people find their proper place. If Heaven's intent never changed, how could transformation produce the four seasons? If human affairs never changed, how could government set the myriad people in order? Does not the Book of Changes say, "By understanding change, one keeps the people from growing weary"? "Change brings penetration; penetration brings endurance." Where there is virtue, endurance follows; where there is merit, greatness follows." I have also heard that when rulers who are secure yet willing to move, the people transform on a grand scale. This is why the Zhou moved their capital twice, as King Wu had wished, and the people of Yin moved five times, completing the work of Tang the Successful. Unless one follows the people and accords with Heaven, how can achievement be shown through change? Surely one who loves the people and governs the realm cannot do otherwise!
7
然洛邑自古之都，王畿之內，天地之所合，陰陽之所和。 控以三河，固以四塞，水陸通，貢賦等。 故漢祖曰：「吾行天下多矣，唯見洛陽。」 自古皇王，何嘗不留意，所不都者蓋有由焉。 或以九州未一，或以困其府庫，作洛之制所以未暇也。 我有隋之始，便欲創茲懷、洛，日復一日，越暨于今。 念茲在茲，興言感哽！
Luoyang, moreover, has been a capital since antiquity. It lies within the royal domain where Heaven and Earth meet and yin and yang are in harmony. Guarded by the Three Rivers and fortified by the Four Passes, it is linked by water and land, and tribute flows in from every direction. This is why Emperor Gaozu of Han said, "I have traveled throughout the realm, and only Luoyang has truly impressed me." From antiquity, which sovereign has not considered it? That they did not establish their capital there surely had its reasons. Some because the Nine Regions were not yet united, others because their treasuries were exhausted—for such reasons the plan to build at Luoyang had to wait. From the very founding of our Sui dynasty I have wished to establish a capital at Huai and Luo, and day after day that wish has remained with me until now. It is always in my thoughts, always on my mind; when I speak of it, grief catches in my throat.
8
朕肅膺寶曆，纂臨萬邦，遵而不失，心奉先志。 今者漢王諒悖逆，毒被山東，遂使州縣或淪非所。 此由關河懸遠，兵不赴急，加以并州移戶復在河南。 周遷殷人，意在於此。 況復南服遐遠，東夏殷大，因機順動，今也其時。 羣司百辟，僉諧厥議。 但成周墟塉，弗堪葺宇。 今可於伊、洛營建東京，便即設官分職，以為民極也。
I reverently received the Mandate and succeeded to rule the myriad states, holding fast to my predecessors' intent without fail. Now Prince Yang Liang of Han has rebelled in treachery, and his poison has spread through Shandong until districts and counties have fallen out of our grasp. This is because the frontier passes and rivers lie too far away for troops to arrive in time; moreover, the households transferred from Bing Province are once again settled in Henan. When the Zhou moved the people of Yin, their intent was precisely this. Moreover, the southern domains lie far away and the eastern lands are vast; to act when the moment presents itself—now is that moment. All officials of every rank unanimously endorsed this plan. But the ruins of Chengzhou were too desolate to support new construction. Now an Eastern Capital may be built at Yi and Luo; let officials and offices be established at once, making it the center toward which the people turn.
9
夫宮室之制本以便生，上棟下宇，足避風露，高臺廣厦，豈曰適形。 故傳云：「儉，德之共； 侈，惡之大。」 宣尼有云：「與其不遜也，寧儉。」 豈謂瑤臺瓊室方為宮殿者乎，土堦采椽而非帝王者乎？ 是知非天下以奉一人，乃一人以主天下也。 民惟國本，本固邦寧，百姓足，孰與不足！ 今所營構，務從節儉，無令雕牆峻宇復起於當今，欲使卑宮菲食將貽於後世。 有司明為條格，稱朕意焉。
Palaces and dwellings exist fundamentally for the convenience of life; beams and eaves are enough to keep out wind and dew—are towering halls and vast pavilions truly what form requires? Thus the tradition says, "Frugality is the foundation of virtue; extravagance is the greatest of evils." Confucius said, "Better to be frugal than to lack modesty." Does this mean that only towers of jade and chambers of jade qualify as palaces, while earthen steps and painted rafters do not suit an emperor? From this we know that the realm does not exist to serve one man, but that one man exists to govern the realm. The people are the root of the state; when the root is firm the state is secure. When the common people prosper, what can the ruler lack? What is now to be built must observe frugality. Let no carved walls or soaring roofs rise again in our age; let humble palaces and plain fare be my legacy to later generations. Let the responsible officials draw up clear regulations that accord with my intent.
10
十二月乙丑，以右武衞將軍來護兒為右驍衞大將軍。 戊辰，以柱國李景為右武衞大將軍。 以右衞率周羅睺為右武候大將軍。
On the day yichou of the twelfth month, Right Martial Guard General Lai Huer was made General of the Right Martial Cavalry Guard. On the day wuchen, Pillar of State Li Jing was made General of the Right Martial Guard. Right Guard Commandant Zhou Luohou was made General of the Right Martial Guard.
11
昔者哲王之治天下也，其在愛民乎？ 既富而教，家給人足，故能風淳俗厚，遠至邇安。 治定功成，率由斯道。 朕嗣膺寶曆，撫育黎獻，夙夜戰兢，若臨川谷。 雖則聿遵先緒，弗敢失墜，永言政術，多有缺然。 況以四海之遠，兆民之眾，未獲親臨，問其疾苦。 每慮幽仄莫舉，寃屈不申，一物失所，乃傷和氣，萬方有罪，責在朕躬，所以寤寐增歎，而夕惕載懷者也。
When wise kings of old governed the realm, was their foundation not love for the people? First they were enriched, then they were taught. When every household was provided for and every person had enough, customs grew pure and practices deep, and peace extended from the near to the far. When order was settled and achievements completed, all followed this path. I have succeeded to the throne and nurture the people; day and night I am vigilant, as though standing on the brink of a chasm. Though I follow my predecessors' path and dare not abandon it, when I consider methods of government I find many gaps. Moreover, with the four seas so vast and the myriad people so numerous, I have not yet been able to visit them in person and learn of their hardships. I constantly fear that the obscure and humble go unrewarded and that wrongs go unredressed; that if one thing is out of place, harmony is harmed, and if the myriad regions suffer, the blame is mine. This is why I sigh waking and sleeping and carry vigilance through every hour.
12
今既布政惟始，宜存寬大。 可分遣使人，巡省方俗，宣揚風化，薦拔淹滯，申達幽枉。 孝悌力田，給以優復。 鰥寡孤獨不能自存者，量加振濟。 義夫節婦，旌表門閭。 高年之老，加其版授，並依別條，賜以粟帛。 篤疾之徒，給侍丁者，雖有侍養之名，曾無賙贍之實，明加檢校，使得存養。 若有名行顯著，操履修潔，及學業才能，一藝可取，咸宜訪採，將身入朝。 所在州縣，以禮發遣。 其有蠹政害人，不便於時者，使還之日，具錄奏聞。
Now that my reign is beginning, magnanimity should be preserved. Let envoys be dispatched to tour the provinces, proclaim civilizing influence, recommend the overlooked and stagnant, and bring forward the secluded and wronged. Those who are filial, fraternal, and diligent in farming shall receive preferential tax exemptions. Widowers, widows, orphans, and the destitute who cannot support themselves shall receive relief in proportion to their need. Men of righteousness and women of chastity shall be honored at their gates and lanes. The very elderly shall receive honorary appointments by tablet and, according to separate regulations, grants of grain and cloth. Those gravely ill who are granted attendant laborers often have the title of support without the reality of relief; let this be strictly inspected so that they may truly be cared for. Anyone whose reputation and conduct are outstanding, whose integrity is cultivated, or whose learning, talent, or single skill is worth employing should be sought out and brought to court. The districts and counties where they reside shall send them off with proper ceremony. If any official's corrupt governance harms the people or is unsuitable to the times, the envoys shall fully record it and memorialize upon their return.
13
己酉，以吳州總管宇文㢸為刑部尚書。
On the day jiyou, Commander-in-Chief of Wu Province Yuwen Bi was made Minister of Justice.
14
二月己卯，以尚書左僕射楊素為尚書令。
On the day jimao of the second month, Left Vice Director Yang Su was made Director of the Department of State Affairs.
15
三月丁未，詔尚書令楊素、納言楊達、將作大匠宇文愷營建東京，徙豫州郭下居人以實之。 戊申，詔曰：「聽採輿頌，謀及庶民，故能審政刑之得失。 是知昧旦思治，欲使幽枉必達，彝倫有章。 而牧宰任稱朝委，苟為徼幸以求考課，虛立殿最，不存治實，綱紀於是弗理，寃屈所以莫申。 關河重阻，無由自達。 朕故建立東京，躬親存問。 今將巡歷淮海，觀省風俗，眷求讜言，徒繁詞翰，而鄉校之內，闕爾無聞。 恇然夕惕，用忘興寢。 其民下有知州縣官人政治苛刻，侵害百姓，背公徇私，不便於民者，宜聽詣朝堂封奏，庶乎四聰以達，天下無寃。」 又於皁澗營顯仁宮，採海內奇禽異獸草木之類，以實園苑。 徙天下富商大賈數萬家於東京。 辛亥，發河南諸郡男女百餘萬，開通濟渠，自西苑引穀、洛水達于河，自板渚引河通于淮。 庚申，遣黃門侍郎王弘、上儀同於士澄往江南採木，造龍舟、鳳艒、[4]黃龍、赤艦、樓船等數萬艘。
On the day dingwei of the third month, an edict ordered Director Yang Su, Censor-in-Chief Yang Da, and Master Builder Yuwen Kai to construct the Eastern Capital and relocate residents from below the walls of Yu Province to populate it. On the day wushen an edict stated, "By heeding the songs of the people and taking counsel from the common folk, one can discern the gains and losses of government and punishment. From this we know that in thinking of governance from dawn, one wishes the secluded and wronged to be heard and the constant norms to stand clear. Yet prefects and magistrates, entrusted with their posts by the court, seek advancement through luck in examinations, falsely rank best and worst, neglect actual governance, leave discipline in disorder, and leave wrongs unredressed. Passes and rivers block the way; the people have no means of making themselves heard. I therefore established the Eastern Capital so that I might personally inquire after the people. Now I shall tour the Huai region and the coast to observe local customs and earnestly seek forthright counsel, yet only verbose documents multiply while the village schools fall silent. Anxiously vigilant through the evening hours, I forget both rising and sleep. Among the people, anyone who knows that a district or county official governs harshly, harms the common people, or betrays the public for private gain should be permitted to come to the court hall with a sealed memorial, so that the Four Listeners may hear all and the realm be free of injustice." Moreover, at Zaojian the Xianren Palace was built, and rare birds, exotic beasts, and plants from throughout the empire were gathered to fill the gardens and parks. Several tens of thousands of wealthy merchants and great traders from throughout the realm were relocated to the Eastern Capital. On the day xinhai more than a million men and women from the commanderies of Henan were mobilized to open the Tongji Canal, channeling the Gu and Luo rivers from the Western Park to the Yellow River, and from Banzhu channeling the river to the Huai. On the day gengshen, Yellow Gate Attendant Wang Hong and Senior Palace Attendant Yu Shicheng were sent to the Jiangnan region to gather timber and build dragon boats, phoenix barges, yellow dragon vessels, red warships, tower ships, and tens of thousands of other vessels.
16
夏四月癸亥，大將軍劉方擊林邑，破之。
In summer's fourth month, on the day guihai, Grand General Liu Fang struck Linyi and broke its forces.
17
五月庚戌，民部尚書義豐侯韋沖卒。
On the day gengxu of the fifth month, Wei Chong, Minister of the Household and Marquis of Yifeng, passed away.
18
六月甲子，熒惑入太微。
On the day jiazi of the sixth month, Mars entered the Supreme Palace Enclosure.
19
秋七月丁酉，制戰亡之家給復十年。 丙午，滕王綸、衞王集並奪爵徙邊。
In the seventh month of autumn, on the day dingyou, an edict granted ten years of tax exemption to families of those killed in battle. On the day bingwu, Prince Lun of Teng and Prince Ji of Wei were both stripped of their titles and exiled to the frontier.
20
閏七月甲子，以尚書令楊素為太子太師，安德王雄為太子太傅，河間王弘為太子太保。 丙子，詔曰：
On the day jiazi in the intercalary seventh month, Director Yang Su was made Grand Tutor of the Crown Prince, Prince Xiong of Ande Grand Preceptor, and Prince Hong of Hejian Grand Protector. On the day bingzi an edict proclaimed:
21
君民建國，教學為先，移風易俗，必自茲始。 而言絕義乖，多歷年代，進德修業，其道寖微。 漢採坑焚之餘，不絕如線，晉承板蕩之運，掃地將盡。 自時厥後，軍國多虞，雖復黌宇時建，示同愛禮，函丈或陳，殆為虛器。 遂使紆青拖紫，非以學優，製錦操刀，類多牆面。 上陵下替，綱維靡立，雅缺道消，實由於此。
In ruling the people and founding the state, education comes first; to transform customs and change practices, one must begin here. Yet learning has withered and righteousness has departed; over many generations the path of advancing in virtue and cultivating achievement has gradually faded. Han gathered what survived the burning of the books, a thread barely holding; Jin inherited an age of upheaval that nearly swept learning from the earth. From that time on, military and state affairs brought constant trouble; though school halls were sometimes built in show of reverence for learning, and lecterns sometimes set out, they were nearly empty forms. Thus officials with blue cords and purple sashes did not earn their rank through learning; those who should have mastered craft stood instead like blank walls. Superiors neglected their duties and inferiors took their place; discipline collapsed, elegance faded, and the Way vanished—all because of this.
22
朕纂承洪緒，思弘大訓，將欲尊師重道，用闡厥繇，講信修睦，敦奬名教。 方今宇宙平一，文軌攸同，十步之內，必有芳草，四海之中，豈無奇秀！ 諸在家及見入學者，若有篤志好古，耽悅典墳，學行優敏，堪膺時務，所在採訪，具以名聞，即當隨其器能，擢以不次。 若研精經術，未願進仕者，可依其藝業深淺，門蔭高卑，雖未升朝，並量準給祿。 庶夫恂恂善誘，不日成器，濟濟盈朝，何遠之有！ 其國子等學，亦宜申明舊制，教習生徒，具為課試之法，以盡砥礪之道。
I have succeeded to the great enterprise and seek to expand its great instruction: to honor teachers, esteem the Way, cultivate trust and harmony, and encourage the teaching of virtue. Now the universe is unified and culture and law are one; within ten paces there must be talent; within the four seas, how can exceptional men be lacking! All scholars at home and all currently enrolled—if any have steadfast will, love antiquity, delight in the classics, and whose learning and conduct are excellent and suited to the times—let local officials seek them out, report their names, and promote them immediately according to ability, without regard to ordinary rank. If they refine the classics but do not wish to enter office, let salaries be granted according to the depth of their learning and the rank of their family privilege, even though they have not yet risen at court. Thus the earnest may be guided and in time become true vessels of state; a court filled with talent—how far off can that be! The Directorate of Education and other schools should also restore the old system, teach and train students, and establish full methods of examination to hone their abilities.
23
八月壬寅，上御龍舟，幸江都。 以左武衞大將軍郭衍為前軍，右武衞大將軍李景為後軍。 文武官五品已上給樓船，九品已上給黃蔑。 舳艫相接，二百餘里。
On the day renyin of the eighth month, the emperor boarded his dragon boat and traveled to Jiangdu. Left Martial Guard General Guo Yan was placed in the vanguard and Right Martial Guard General Li Jing in the rearguard. Civil and military officials of the fifth rank and above received tower ships; those of the ninth rank and above received yellow boats. Stern linked to bow, the fleet stretched more than two hundred li.
24
冬十月己丑，赦江淮已南。 揚州給復五年，舊總管內給復三年。 十一月己未，以大將軍崔仲方為禮部尚書。
In the tenth month of winter, on the day jichou, an amnesty was granted for the region south of the Yangtze and Huai. Yang Province received five years of tax exemption; within the former commandery area, three years. On the day jiwei of the eleventh month, Grand General Cui Zhongfang was made Minister of Rites.
25
二年春正月辛酉，東京成，賜監督者各有差。 以大理卿梁毗為刑部尚書。 丁卯，遣十使併省州縣。
In the first month of spring of the second year, on the day xinyou, the Eastern Capital was completed, and supervisors were rewarded according to merit. Director of the Court of Judicial Review Liang Pi was made Minister of Justice. On the day dingmao, ten envoys were dispatched jointly to inspect the provinces and counties.
26
二月丙戌，詔尚書令楊素、吏部尚書牛弘、大將軍宇文愷、內史侍郎虞世基、禮部侍郎許善心制定輿服。 始備輦路及五時副車。 上常服，皮弁十有二琪，文官弁服，佩玉，五品已上給犢車、通幰，三公親王加油絡，武官平巾幘，袴褶，三品已上給瓟槊。 下至胥吏，服色皆有差。 非庶人不得戎服。 戊戌，置都尉官。
On the day bingxu of the second month, an edict ordered Director Yang Su, Minister Niu Hong, Grand General Yuwen Kai, Palace Secretariat Attendant Yu Shiji, and Vice Minister of Rites Xu Shanxin to establish regulations for carriages and robes. The imperial procession route and the five seasonal secondary carriages were fully established for the first time. For regular dress the emperor wore a leather cap with twelve jade pendants; civil officials wore cap dress with jade pirdle ornaments; fifth rank and above received calf-drawn carriages with covered canopies; the Three Dukes and imperial princes received oiled nettings; military officials wore flat caps and riding dress; third rank and above received spears with silk banners. Down to clerks and attendants, dress colors were all differentiated by rank. Commoners were forbidden to wear military dress. On the day wuxu, the office of Commandant was established.
27
三月庚午，車駕發江都。 先是，太府少卿何稠、太府丞雲定興盛修儀仗，於是課州縣送羽毛。 百姓求捕之，網羅被水陸，禽獸有堪氅毦之用者，殆無遺類。 至是而成。
On the day gengwu of the third month, the imperial carriage departed from Jiangdu. Earlier, Vice Director He Chou and Assistant Director Yun Dingxing had greatly expanded the ceremonial regalia, and commanderies and counties were ordered to supply feathers. The common people were sent to capture them; nets spread over land and water until birds and beasts usable for feather and fur garments were nearly exterminated. By then the work was complete.
28
夏四月庚戌，上自伊闕，陳法駕，備千乘萬騎，入於東京。 辛亥，上御端門，大赦，免天下今年租稅。 癸丑，以冀州刺史楊文思為民部尚書。
In the fourth month of summer, on the day gengxu, the emperor departed Yique with the law carriage, thousands of chariots and ten thousand riders in attendance, and entered the Eastern Capital. On the day xinhai the emperor ascended the Duan Gate, proclaimed a great amnesty, and exempted the realm from that year's land tax. On the day guichou, Prefect of Ji Province Yang Wensi was made Minister of the Household.
29
五月甲寅，金紫光祿大夫、兵部尚書李通坐事免。 [5]乙卯，詔曰：「旌表先哲，式存饗祀，所以優禮賢能，顯彰遺愛。 朕永鑒前修，尚想名德，何嘗不興歎九原，屬懷千載。 其自古已來賢人君子，有能樹聲立德、佐世匡時、博利殊功、有益於人者，並宜營立祠宇，以時致祭。 墳壟之處，不得侵踐。 有司量為條式，稱朕意焉。」
On the day jiayin of the fifth month, Li Tong, Grand Master for Splendid Happiness and Minister of War, was dismissed for an offense. On the day yimao an edict stated, "To honor former sages and preserve their sacrifices is to generously treat the worthy and clearly display enduring reverence. I ever mirror the cultivation of former ages and still think of men of virtue—when have I not sighed over those in the Nine Plains and fixed my thoughts on a thousand years! From antiquity to the present, all worthy men and noble gentlemen who established reputation and virtue, assisted their age, spread broad benefit, and served the people should have temples built and receive sacrifices at the proper seasons. At tombs and burial mounds, encroachment and trampling shall not be permitted. Let the responsible officials draw up regulations in accord with my intent."
30
六月壬子，以尚書令、太子太師楊素為司徒。 進封豫章王暕為齊王。
On the day renzi of the sixth month, Director and Grand Tutor of the Crown Prince Yang Su was made Minister of Education. Prince Yan of Yuzhang was promoted and enfeoffed as Prince of Qi.
31
八月辛卯，封皇孫倓為燕王，侗為越王，侑為代王。
On the day xinmao of the eighth month, the emperor's grandsons Tan, Tong, and You were enfeoffed as Princes of Yan, Yue, and Dai respectively.
32
九月乙丑，立秦孝王俊子浩為秦王。
On the day yichou of the ninth month, Hao, son of Prince Jun of Qin Xiao, was established as Prince of Qin.
33
冬十月戊子，以靈州刺史段文振為兵部尚書。
In the tenth month of winter, on the day wuzi, Prefect of Ling Province Duan Wenzhen was made Minister of War.
34
十二月庚寅，詔曰：「前代帝王，因時創業，君民建國，禮尊南面。 而歷運推移，年世永久，丘壟殘毀，樵牧相趨，塋兆堙蕪，封樹莫辨。 興言淪滅，有愴于懷。 自古已來帝王陵墓，可給隨近十戶，蠲其雜役，以供守視。」
On the day gengyin of the twelfth month an edict stated, "Emperors of former dynasties, according to the times, founded their enterprises; in ruling the people and establishing states, ritual honored the throne facing south. Yet as dynastic fortune shifted and ages lengthened, tombs were ruined, woodcutters and herders trampled them, burial grounds choked with weeds, and boundary markers could no longer be distinguished. When I think of their sinking into oblivion, grief fills my heart. Imperial tombs of emperors from antiquity to the present may be granted ten nearby households, exempt from miscellaneous corvée, to guard and maintain them."
35
三年春正月癸亥，勑并州逆黨已流配而逃亡者，所獲之處，即宜斬決。 丙子，長星竟天，出於東壁，二旬而止。 是月，武陽郡上言，河水清。
In the first month of spring of the third year, on the day guihai, an order stated that Bingzhou rebels already exiled who fled should, wherever captured, be immediately executed. On the day bingzi a long comet filled the heavens, appearing from the Eastern Wall and remaining visible for twenty days. That month Wuyang Commandery reported that the waters of the Yellow River had turned clear.
36
二月己丑，彗星見於奎，掃文昌，歷大陵、五車、北河，入太微，掃帝坐，前後百餘日而止。
On the day jichou of the second month, a comet appeared at Kui, swept through Wenchang, passed Great Tomb, Five Chariots, and North River, entered the Supreme Palace Enclosure, swept the Emperor's Seat, and remained for more than a hundred days.
37
三月辛亥，車駕還京師。 壬子，以大將軍姚辯為左屯衞將軍。 癸丑，遣羽騎尉朱寬使於流求國。 乙卯，河間王弘薨。
On the day xinhai of the third month, the imperial carriage returned to the capital. On the day renzi, Grand General Yao Bian was made General of the Left Garrison Guard. On the day guichou, Feathered Cavalry Commandant Zhu Kuan was sent as envoy to the kingdom of Liuqiu. On the day yimao, Prince Hong of Hejian died.
38
夏四月庚辰，詔曰：「古者帝王觀風問俗，皆所以憂勤兆庶，安集遐荒。 自蕃夷內附，未遑親撫，山東經亂，須加存恤。 今欲安輯河北，巡省趙、魏。 所司依式。」 甲申，頒律令，大赦天下，關內給復三年。 壬辰，改州為郡。 改度量權衡，並依古式。 改上柱國已下官為大夫。 甲午，詔曰：
In the fourth month of summer, on the day gengchen, an edict stated, "In antiquity emperors observed local customs and inquired into practices—all to labor with concern for the myriad people and settle the distant frontiers. Since frontier tribes submitted, there has been no leisure to visit and comfort them in person; Shandong has suffered disorder and requires added relief. Now I wish to settle Hebei and tour Zhao and Wei. The responsible offices shall follow established regulations. On the day jiashen, laws and ordinances were promulgated, a great amnesty granted to the realm, and three years of tax exemption granted within the passes. On the day renchen, provinces were redesignated as commanderies. Measures, weights, and balances were revised to follow ancient standards. Offices from Pillar of State downward were retitled as grand masters. On the day jiawu an edict proclaimed:
39
天下之重，非獨治所安，帝王之功，豈一士之略。 自古明君哲后，立政經邦，何嘗不選賢與能，收採幽滯。 周稱多士，漢號得人，常想前風，載懷欽佇。 朕負扆夙興，冕旒待旦，引領巖谷，置以周行，冀與羣才共康庶績。 而彙茅寂寞，投竿罕至，豈美璞韜采，未值良工，將介石在懷，確乎難拔？ 永鑒前哲，憮然興歎！ 凡厥在位，譬諸股肱，若濟巨川，義同舟楫。 豈得保茲寵祿，晦爾所知，優游卒歲，甚非謂也。 祁大夫之舉善，良史以為至公，臧文仲之蔽賢，尼父譏其竊位。 求諸往古，非無褒貶，宜思進善，用匡寡薄。
The weight of the realm is not borne by governance alone; the achievement of emperors and kings is not the work of a single man. Since antiquity, enlightened rulers and wise emperors establishing government and ordering the state—when have they not selected the worthy and gathered the overlooked? Zhou was praised for its abundance of scholars; Han for obtaining true men; I constantly recall that former excellence and harbor reverent expectation. I rise early at the throne and wait until dawn; I stretch my neck toward cliffs and valleys to place talent within my circuit, hoping together with the multitude of talents to bring peace to the myriad achievements. Yet gathered thatch stands lonely and fishing poles rarely arrive—is it that beautiful jade hides its luster awaiting the good craftsman, or that firm resolve in the heart is truly hard to draw forth? Ever mirroring the former sages, I am moved to sigh! All who hold office are like arms and legs; if crossing a great river, righteousness demands sharing the same boat and oar. How can one preserve such favor and salary, hide what one knows, and idle away the year? This is far from what should be. When Qi Daifu recommended the good, good historians called it utmost fairness; when Zang Wenzhong concealed the worthy, Confucius criticized him for usurping office. Seeking in former antiquity, praise and blame are not lacking; one should think to advance the good and thereby strengthen my inadequacy.
40
夫孝悌有聞，人倫之本，德行敦厚，立身之基。 或節義可稱，或操履清潔，所以激貪厲俗，有益風化。 強毅正直，執憲不撓，學業優敏，文才美秀，並為廊廟之用，實乃瑚璉之資。 才堪將略，則拔之以禦侮，膂力驍壯，則任之以爪牙。 爰及一藝可取，亦宜採錄，眾善畢舉，與時無棄。 以此求治，庶幾非遠。 文武有職事者，五品已上，宜依令十科舉人。 有一於此，不必求備。 朕當待以不次，隨才升擢。 其見任九品已上官者，不在舉送之限。
Filial piety and brotherliness with reputation are the root of human relations; solid virtue and conduct are the foundation of the person. Some have integrity and righteousness worth praising, or conduct pure and clean—thereby stirring against greed, sharpening customs, and benefiting civilizing influence. Strong, resolute, upright, and straight, holding to law without bending; learning excellent and quick, literary talent outstanding—all are material for court and temple, truly vessels of state. If talent suits generalship, promote them to repel insult; if sinew and strength are fierce, employ them as claws and teeth. Even a single skill worth taking should be gathered and recorded; let all excellence be raised and none abandoned with the times. By seeking order in this way, good governance is hoped to be not far off. Civil and military officials of fifth rank and above who hold active duties should recommend men in ten categories as ordered. Possessing one of these qualities, completeness in all is not required. I shall receive them out of turn and promote them according to their talents. Those currently serving in office of the ninth rank and above are not within the limit of recommendation.
41
丙申，車駕北巡狩。 丁酉，以刑部尚書宇文㢸為禮部尚書。 戊戌，勑百司不得踐暴禾稼，其有須開為路者，有司計地所收，即以近倉酬賜，務從優厚。 己亥，次赤岸澤。 以太牢祭故太師李穆墓。
On the day bingshen the emperor set out on a northern hunting tour. On the day dingyou, Minister of Justice Yuwen Bi was made Minister of Rites. On the day wuxu an order stated that officials must not trample grain crops; where roads must be opened, responsible offices should calculate the land's harvest and compensate from nearby granaries, striving for generous treatment. On the day jihai he halted at Chian Marsh. With the great sacrifice he offered sacrifice at the tomb of the former Grand Preceptor Li Mu.
42
五月丁巳，突厥啟民可汗遣子拓特勤來朝。 戊午，發河北十餘郡丁男鑿太行山，達于并州，以通馳道。 丙寅，啟民可汗遣其兄子毗黎伽特勤來朝。 辛未，啟民可汗遣使請自入塞，奉迎輿駕。 上不許。 癸酉，有星孛于文昌上將，星皆動搖。
On the day dingsi of the fifth month, Qimin Kehan of the Turks sent his son Tuo Teqin to court. On the day wuwu, corvée laborers from more than ten commanderies of Hebei were mobilized to cut through the Taihang Mountains to Bing Province, opening an imperial road. On the day bingyin, Qimin Kehan sent his elder brother's son Pilijia Teqin to court. On the day xinwei, Qimin Kehan sent envoys requesting to enter the passes himself to welcome the imperial carriage. The emperor refused. On the day guiyou a broom star appeared at the Upper General of Wenchang, and the surrounding stars all trembled.
43
六月辛巳，獵於連谷。 丁亥，詔曰：
On the day xinsi of the sixth month he hunted at Liangu. On the day dinghai an edict proclaimed:
44
聿追孝饗，德莫至焉，崇建寢廟，禮之大者。 然則質文異代，損益殊時，學滅坑焚，經典散逸，憲章湮墜，廟堂制度，師說不同。 所以世數多少，莫能是正，連室異宮，亦無準定。
In pursuing filial sacrifice no virtue reaches higher; in reverently building ancestral temples no ritual is greater. Yet substance and ornament differ by age, and increase and decrease by time; learning was extinguished in the burning of books, classics were scattered, statutes fell into ruin, and temple systems had competing interpretations. Therefore the number of ancestral generations cannot be definitively settled, and whether chambers should be connected or separate has no fixed standard.
45
朕獲奉祖宗，欽承景業，永惟嚴配，思隆大典。 於是詢謀在位，博訪儒術。 咸以為高祖文皇帝受天明命，奄有區夏，拯羣飛於四海，革凋敝於百王，恤獄緩刑，生靈皆遂其性，輕徭薄賦，比屋各安其業。 恢夷宇宙，混壹車書。 東漸西被，無思不服，南征北怨，俱荷來蘇。 駕毳乘風，歷代所弗至，辮髮左衽，聲教所罕及，莫不厥角關塞，頓顙闕庭。 譯靡絕時，書無虛月，韜戈偃武，天下晏如。 嘉瑞休徵，表裏禔福，猗歟偉歟，無得而名者也。
I have received and served the ancestors, reverently inheriting their glorious enterprise, ever considering solemn sacrifice and seeking to elevate the great rites. Thereupon I consulted those in office and broadly sought out Confucian learning. All agreed that the High Ancestor Emperor Wen received Heaven's clear mandate, suddenly possessed the Middle Kingdom, rescued the people of the four seas, reformed the decay of the hundred kings, eased prisons and relaxed punishments so all living creatures attained their nature, and lightened corvée and reduced taxes so every household settled in its occupation. He restored and pacified the universe and unified law and script. East gradually extending and west covering, none failed to submit; though some in the south resisted and some in the north complained, all eventually received renewal. Driving plumed carriages and riding the wind to places former generations never reached; among peoples with braided hair and left lapels, where civilizing influence rarely penetrated—all submitted at the passes and bowed at the palace gate. Interpreters never ceased their work; dispatches never missed a month; weapons were sheathed and martial force rested; the realm was tranquil. Auspicious omens and blessed signs, blessings inner and outer—how grand, how great, beyond naming!
46
朕又聞之，德厚者流光，治辨者禮縟。 是以周之文、武，漢之高、光，其典章特立，諡號斯重，豈非緣情稱述，即崇顯之義乎？ 高祖文皇帝宜別建廟宇，以彰巍巍之德，仍遵月祭，用表蒸蒸之懷。 有司以時創造，務合典制。 又名位既殊，禮亦異等。 天子七廟，事著前經，諸侯二昭，義有差降，故其以多為貴。 王者之禮，今可依用，貽厥後昆。
I have also heard that where virtue is deep, its light spreads abroad; where governance is well ordered, ritual grows abundant. Therefore the Wen and Wu of Zhou, the Gao and Guang of Han—their statutes stood apart and their posthumous titles were weighty; was this not following emotion in bestowing titles, the meaning of exalted display? The High Ancestor Emperor Wen should have a separate temple built to display his towering virtue, with monthly sacrifice to express unceasing devotion. Let the responsible offices create it at the proper time, striving to accord with canonical system. Moreover, since name and position differ, ritual also has different grades. The Son of Heaven's seven temples are recorded in former classics; feudal lords' two zhao reflect graduated descent; therefore taking many is considered honorable. The ritual of kings may now be used and applied, bequeathing the practice to later generations.
47
戊子，次榆林郡。 丁酉，啟民可汗來朝。 己亥，吐谷渾、高昌並遣使貢方物。 甲辰，上御北樓，觀漁于河，以宴百僚。
On the day wuzi he halted at Yulin Commandery. On the day dingyou, Qimin Kehan presented himself at court. On the day jihai, Tuyuhun and Gaochang both sent envoys presenting tribute. On the day jiachen the emperor ascended the North Tower, watched fishing on the river, and feasted the hundred officials.
48
秋七月辛亥，啟民可汗上表請變服，襲冠帶。 詔啟民贊拜不名，位在諸侯王上。 甲寅，上於郡城東御大帳，其下備儀衞，建旌旗，宴啟民及其部落三千五百人，奏百戲之樂。 賜啟民及其部落各有差。 丙子，殺光祿大夫賀若弼、禮部尚書宇文㢸、太常卿高熲。 尚書左僕射蘇威坐事免。 發丁男百餘萬築長城，西距榆林，東至紫河，一旬而罷，[6]死者十五六。
In autumn's seventh month, on the day xinhai, Qimin Kehan submitted a memorial asking to change dress and adopt cap and girdle. An edict ordered that in Qimin's bow of praise his name not be spoken and placed his rank above all feudal princes and kings. On the day jiayin the emperor ascended the great tent east of the commandery city with guards and ceremonial regalia below and banners raised; Qimin and his tribe of three thousand five hundred were feasted while the hundred entertainments were performed. Qimin and his tribesmen were rewarded according to rank. On the day bingzi, He Ruobi, Grand Master for Splendid Happiness, Yuwen Bi, Minister of Rites, and Gao Jiong, Director of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices, were put to death. Left Vice Director Su Wei was dismissed for an offense. More than a million corvée laborers were mobilized to build the Great Wall from Yulin in the west to Zihe in the east; the work ceased after ten days, and fifteen or sixteen out of every ten died.
49
八月壬午，車駕發榆林。 乙酉，啟民飾廬清道，以候乘輿。 帝幸其帳，啟民奉觴上壽，宴賜極厚。 上謂高麗使者曰：「歸語爾王，當早來朝見。 不然者，吾與啟民巡彼土矣。」 皇后亦幸義城公主帳。 [7]己丑，啟民可汗歸蕃。 癸巳，入樓煩關。 壬寅，次太原。 詔營晉陽宮。 九月己未，次濟源。 幸御史大夫張衡宅，宴享極歡。 己巳，至于東都。 壬申，以齊王暕為河南尹、開府儀同三司。 癸酉，以民部尚書楊文思為納言。
On the day renwu of the eighth month the imperial carriage departed Yulin. On the day yiyou Qimin decorated huts and cleared the road to await the imperial carriage. The emperor visited his tent; Qimin raised a cup and offered longevity; the feast and rewards were extraordinarily generous. The emperor said to the Goguryeo envoy, "Return and tell your king he should come to court without delay. Otherwise I shall tour his land with Qimin. The empress also paid a visit to Princess Yicheng's tent. On the day jichou Qimin Kehan returned to his frontier domain. On the day guisi he entered Loufan Pass. On the day renyin he halted at Taiyuan. An edict ordered construction of the Jinyang Palace. On the day jiwei of the ninth month he halted at Jiyuan. He visited the residence of Censor-in-Chief Zhang Heng, where the feast was extraordinarily merry. On the day jisi he arrived at the Eastern Capital. On the day renshen, Prince Yan of Qi was made Governor of Henan and Grand Master with Honorific Equal to the Three Excellencies. On the day guiyou, Minister of the Household Yang Wensi was made Censor-in-Chief.
50
四年春正月乙巳，詔發河北諸郡男女百餘萬開永濟渠，引沁水南達于河，北通涿郡。 庚戌，百僚大射於允武殿。 丁卯，賜城內居民米各十石。 壬申，以太府卿元壽為內史令，鴻臚卿楊玄感為禮部尚書。 癸酉，以工部尚書衞玄為右候衞大將軍，大理卿長孫熾為民部尚書。
In the first month of spring of the fourth year, on the day yisi, an edict mobilized more than a million men and women from the commanderies of Hebei to open the Yongji Canal, channeling the Qin River south to the Yellow River and north to Zhuo Commandery. On the day gengxu the hundred officials performed great archery at the Yunwu Hall. On the day dingmao residents within the city walls were each granted ten shi of grain. On the day renshen, Director of the Imperial Storehouse Yuan Shou was made Director of the Palace Secretariat, and Director of the Court for Diplomatic Reception Yang Xuan'gan Minister of Rites. On the day guiyou, Minister of Works Wei Xuan was made General of the Right Martial Guard, and Director of the Court of Judicial Review Zhang Chi Minister of the Household.
51
二月己卯，遣司朝謁者崔毅使突厥處羅，[8]致汗血馬。
On the day jimao of the second month, Court Herald Cui Yi was sent as envoy to Chuluo of the Western Turks to obtain blood-sweating horses.
52
三月辛酉，以將作大匠宇文愷為工部尚書。 壬戌，百濟、倭、赤土、迦羅舍國並遣使貢方物。 乙丑，車駕幸五原，因出塞巡長城。 丙寅，遣屯田主事常駿使赤土，致羅剎。 [9]
On the day xinyou of the third month, Master Builder Yuwen Kai was made Minister of Works. On the day renxu, Baekje, Wa, Chitu, and Kala She sent envoys presenting tribute. On the day yichou the imperial carriage visited Wuyuan and then went beyond the frontier to tour the Great Wall. On the day bingyin, Garrison Agriculture Commissioner Chang Jun was sent as envoy to Chitu to obtain the Rakshasa. [9] Editorial note marker in the source text.
53
夏四月丙午，以離石之汾源、臨泉，雁門之秀容，為樓煩郡。 起汾陽宮。 癸丑，以河內太守張定和為左屯衞大將軍。 乙卯，詔曰：「突厥意利珍豆啟民可汗率領部落，保附關塞，遵奉朝化，思改戎俗，頻入謁覲，屢有陳請。 以氈牆毳幕，事窮荒陋，上棟下宇，願同比屋。 誠心懇切，朕之所重。 宜於萬壽戍置城造屋，其帷帳牀褥已上，隨事量給，務從優厚，稱朕意焉。」
In the fourth month of summer, on the day bingwu, Fenyuan and Linquan of Lishi and Xiurong of Yanmen were combined into Loufan Commandery. Construction of the Fenyang Palace began. On the day guichou, Prefect of Henei Zhang Dinghe was made General of the Left Garrison Guard. On the day yimao an edict stated, "Qimin Kehan of the Turks, Yili Zhendou, leading his tribes, attached at the frontier passes, followed court transformation, wished to change barbarian customs, repeatedly entered court audience, and repeatedly petitioned. With felt walls and fur tents his dwelling reached the utmost of wilderness and baseness; he wished for upper beams and lower eaves like common households. His sincerity was earnest and pressing—this is what I weight. At Wanshou Garrison let a city and houses be built; for curtains, bedding, and the rest, grant according to need, striving for generous treatment in accord with my intent."
54
五月壬申，蜀郡獲三足烏，張掖獲玄狐，各一。
On the day renshen of the fifth month, Shu Commandery obtained a three-legged crow and Zhangye a black fox, one each.
55
秋七月辛巳，發丁男二十餘萬築長城，自榆谷而東。 乙未，左翊衞大將軍宇文述破吐谷渾於曼頭、赤水。
In the seventh month of autumn, on the day xinsi, more than two hundred thousand corvée laborers were mobilized to build the Great Wall eastward from Yugu. On the day yiwei, Left Martial Guard General Yuwen Shu routed Tuyuhun at Mantou and Chishui.
56
八月辛酉，親祠恒岳，河北道郡守畢集。 大赦天下。 車駕所經郡縣，免一年租調。
On the day xinyou he personally sacrificed at Mount Heng, and prefects and governors of the Hebei Circuit all gathered. A great amnesty was proclaimed throughout the realm. Commanderies and counties passed through by the imperial carriage received one year of tax exemption.
57
九月辛未，徵天下鷹師悉集東京，至者萬餘人。 戊寅，彗星出於五車，掃文昌，至房而滅。 辛巳，詔免長城役者一年租賦。
On the day xinwei of the ninth month, falconers from throughout the realm were summoned to the Eastern Capital; more than ten thousand arrived. On the day wuyin a comet appeared from the Five Chariots, swept Wenchang, and extinguished at Fang. On the day xinsi an edict exempted those on Great Wall labor from one year of land tax and corvée.
58
冬十月丙午，詔曰：「先師尼父，聖德在躬，誕發天縱之姿，憲章文、武之道。 命世膺期，蘊茲素王，而頹山之歎，忽踰於千祀，盛德之美，不存於百代。 永惟懿範，宜有優崇。 可立孔子後為紹聖侯。 有司求其苗裔，錄以申上。」 辛亥，詔曰：「昔周王下車，首封唐、虞之胤，漢帝承曆，亦命殷、周之後。 皆所以褒立先代，憲章在昔。 朕嗣膺景業，傍求雅訓，有一弘益，欽若令典。 以為周兼夏、殷，文質大備，漢有天下，車書混一，魏、晉沿襲，風流未遠。 並宜立後，以存繼絕之義。 有司可求其冑緒列聞。」 乙卯，頒新式於天下。
In the tenth month of winter, on the day bingwu, an edict stated, "Former Master Ni bore the sage's virtue in his person; born with Heaven's unfettered disposition, he modeled his statutes on the Ways of Wen and Wu. Destined for the age, he contained the uncrowned king within himself; yet the sigh over Mount Tui passed a thousand sacrifices ago, and the beauty of his abundant virtue did not remain for a hundred generations. Ever considering his fine model, he should receive generous elevation. A descendant of Confucius may be established as Marquis Who Continues the Sage. Let the responsible offices seek his descendants and report them upward. On the day xinhai an edict stated, "When the Zhou king descended from his carriage, he first enfeoffed the descendants of Tang and Yu; when the Han emperor received the succession, he also appointed the descendants of Yin and Zhou. All were thereby to honor former generations and take past statutes as models. I have succeeded to the glorious enterprise, seeking instruction on every side; where there is broad benefit, I reverently follow the fine canon. I consider that Zhou combined Xia and Yin with substance and ornament greatly complete; Han possessed the realm with law and script unified; Wei and Jin followed and inherited, and their influence has not been far. All should establish successors to preserve the meaning of continuing extinguished lines. Let the responsible offices seek their lineage and report it. On the day yimao the new forms were promulgated throughout the realm.
59
五年春正月丙子，改東京為東都。 癸未，詔天下均田。 戊子，上自東都還京師。 己丑，制民間鐵叉、搭鈎、䂎刃之類，皆禁絕之。 太守每歲密上屬官景迹。
In the first month of spring of the fifth year, on the day bingzi, the Eastern Capital was formally designated the Eastern Capital. On the day guiwei an edict ordered equal-field distribution throughout the realm. On the day wuzi the emperor returned from the Eastern Capital to the capital. On the day jichou it was decreed that iron forks, grappling hooks, and blades of all kinds among the common people were all forbidden. Each year prefects secretly submitted upward the conduct records of their subordinate officials.
60
二月戊戌，次于閿鄉。 詔祭古帝王陵及開皇功臣墓。 庚子，制魏、周官不得為蔭。 辛丑，赤土國遣使貢方物。 戊申，車駕至京師。 丙辰，宴耆舊四百人於武德殿，頒賜各有差。 己未，上御崇德殿之西院，愀然不怡，顧謂左右曰：「此先帝之所居，實用增感，情所未安，宜於此院之西別營一殿。」 壬戌，制父母聽隨子之官。
On the day wuxu of the second month he halted at Wenxiang. An edict ordered sacrifice at the tombs of ancient emperors and kings and the graves of meritorious ministers of the Kaihuang era. On the day gengzi it was decreed that Wei and Zhou office could not serve as hereditary privilege. On the day xinchou Chitu sent envoys presenting tribute. On the day wushen the imperial carriage arrived at the capital. On the day bingchen four hundred elderly were feasted at the Wude Hall and rewarded according to rank. On the day jiwei the emperor ascended the western courtyard of the Chongde Hall, somber and ill at ease; turning to those beside him he said, "This is where the former emperor dwelt; it truly stirs my feelings and my heart is not at ease. I should build a separate hall to the west of this courtyard. On the day renxu it was decreed that parents might follow their sons to office.
61
三月己巳，車駕西巡河右。 庚午，有司言，武功男子史永遵與從父昆弟同居。 上嘉之，賜物一百段，米二百石，表其門閭。 乙亥，幸扶風舊宅。
On the day jisi of the third month the imperial carriage toured west along the right bank of the Yellow River. On the day gengwu the responsible offices reported that in Wugong a man named Shi Yongzun lived together with paternal cousins of his father's generation. The emperor praised this and granted one hundred bolts of goods and two hundred shi of grain, honoring his household at the gate and lane. On the day yihai he visited the old residence at Fufeng.
62
夏四月己亥，大獵於隴西。 壬寅，高昌、吐谷渾、伊吾並遣使來朝。 乙巳，次狄道，党項羌來貢方物。 癸亥，出臨津關，渡黃河，至西平，陳兵講武。
In summer's fourth month, on the day jihai, a great hunt was held in Longxi. On the day renyin, Gaochang, Tuyuhun, and Yiwu all sent envoys to present themselves at court. On the day yisi he halted at Didao, where the Tangut Qiang came to present tribute. On the day guihai he went out through Linjin Pass, crossed the Yellow River, reached Xiping, and reviewed the troops.
63
五月乙亥，上大獵於拔延山，長圍周亘二千里。 [10]庚辰，入長寧谷。 壬午，度星嶺。 甲申，宴羣臣於金山之上。 丙戌，梁浩亹，御馬度而橋壞，斬朝散大夫黃亘及督役者九人。 吐谷渾王率眾保覆袁川，帝分命內史元壽南屯金山，兵部尚書段文振北屯雪山，太僕卿楊義臣，東屯琵琶峽，將軍張壽西屯泥嶺，四面圍之。 渾主伏允以數十騎遁出，遣其名王詐稱伏允，保車我真山。 壬辰，詔右屯衞大將軍張定和往捕之。 定和挺身挑戰，為賊所殺。 亞將柳武建擊破之，斬首數百級。 甲午，其仙頭王被圍窮蹙，率男女十餘萬口來降。
On the day yihai of the fifth month the emperor held a great hunt at Bayan Mountain, with a long encirclement extending two thousand li in circuit. On the day gengchen he entered Changning Valley. On the day renwu he crossed Star Ridge. On the day jiashen he feasted the officials on Mount Jin. On the day bingxu, at Liang Hao's bridge the imperial horse crossed and the bridge gave way; Attendant Grand Master Huang Gen and nine overseers of labor were executed. The Tuyuhun king led his forces to hold Fuyuan River; the emperor ordered Palace Secretariat Yuan Shou to camp south at Mount Jin, Minister of War Duan Wenzhen north at Snow Mountain, Director of the Imperial Stud Yang Yichen east at Pipa Gorge, and General Zhang Shou west at Ni Ridge, surrounding them on four sides. The Tuyuhun ruler Fuyun fled with several tens of horsemen; he sent a noble king to pose as Fuyun and hold Chewo Zhen Mountain. On the day renchen an edict ordered Right Garrison Guard General Zhang Dinghe to go capture him. Dinghe personally advanced to give battle and was killed by the enemy. Sub-general Liu Wujian attacked and routed them, beheading several hundred. On the day jiawu the Xiantou King, besieged and driven to extremity, led more than one hundred thousand men and women to surrender.
64
六月丁酉，遣左光祿大夫梁默、右翊衞將軍李瓊等追渾主，皆遇賊死之。 癸卯，經大斗拔谷，山路隘險，魚貫而出。 風霰晦冥，與從官相失，士卒凍死者太半。 丙午，次張掖。 辛亥，詔諸郡學業該通、才藝優洽，膂力驍壯、超絕等倫，在官勤奮、堪理政事，立性正直、不避強禦四科舉人。 壬子，高昌王麴伯雅來朝，伊吾吐屯設等獻西域數千里之地。 上大悅。 癸丑，置西海、河源、鄯善、且末等四郡。 丙辰，上御觀風行殿，盛陳文物，奏九部樂，設魚龍曼延，宴高昌王、吐屯設於殿上，以寵異之。 其蠻夷陪列者三十餘國。 戊午，大赦天下。 開皇已來流配，悉放還鄉，晉陽逆黨，不在此例。 隴右諸郡，給復一年，行經之所，給復二年。
On the day dingyou of the sixth month, Left Grand Master for Splendid Happiness Liang Mo, Right Martial Guard General Li Qiong, and others were dispatched to pursue the Tuyuhun ruler; all encountered the enemy and were killed. On the day guimao, passing through Dadao Valley where the mountain road was narrow and dangerous, they filed out in single line like a string of fish. Wind and sleet darkened the sky; he lost contact with his attendants, and more than half the soldiers froze to death. On the day bingwu he halted at Zhangye. On the day xinhai an edict ordered the commanderies to recommend men in four categories: comprehensive learning, excellent talent and arts, fierce strength surpassing their peers, diligence in office and ability to manage affairs, and upright nature that does not yield to the powerful. On the day renzi King Qu Boya of Gaochang came to court, and the Tuyuhun Tutan She and others presented lands of the Western Regions stretching several thousand li. The emperor was greatly delighted. On the day guichou the commanderies of Xihai, Heyuan, Shanshan, and Qiemai were established. On the day bingchen the emperor ascended the Wind-Observing Traveling Hall, fully displayed cultural regalia, performed the nine-section music, set out fish-dragon entertainments, and feasted the King of Gaochang and Tutan She in the hall to honor them with exceptional favor. Barbarian envoys in attendance numbered more than thirty states. On the day wuwu a great amnesty was granted to the realm. Those exiled since the Kaihuang era were all released to return home; Jinyang rebels were excluded. The commanderies of Longyou received one year of tax exemption; places passed through on the journey received two years.
65
秋七月丁卯，置馬牧於青海渚中，以求龍種，無效而止。
In the seventh month of autumn, on the day dingmao, horse pastures were established in the shoals of Qinghai Lake to breed dragon stock; when this proved ineffective they were abandoned.
66
九月癸未，車駕入長安。
On the day guiwei of the ninth month the imperial carriage entered Chang'an.
67
冬十月癸亥，詔曰：「優德尚齒，載之典訓，尊事乞言，義彰膠序。 鬻熊為師，取非筋力，方叔元老，克壯其猷。 朕永言稽古，用求至治，是以厖眉黃髮，更令收叙，務簡秩優，無虧藥膳，庶等臥治，佇其弘益。 今歲耆老赴集者，可於近郡處置，年七十以上，疾患沉滯，不堪居職，即給賜帛，送還本郡； 其官至七品已上者，量給廩，以終厥身。」
In the tenth month of winter, on the day guihai, an edict stated, "Honoring virtue and esteeming the aged is recorded in canonical instruction; respectfully heeding those who beg to speak manifests the meaning of the school order. Yuxiong served as teacher—not for his physical strength; Fangshu the elder statesman strengthened the realm by his counsel. I ever examine antiquity to seek the best governance; therefore the white-browed and yellow-haired are again gathered and enrolled, granted simple rank and generous treatment without diminishing their care, hoping they may govern from repose and bring broad benefit. Elderly who come to assembly this year may be placed in nearby commanderies; those seventy and above who are gravely ill and unable to hold office shall receive silk grants and be sent back to their home commanderies; those whose office reached seventh rank and above shall receive grain rations according to measure for the rest of their lives."
68
十一月丙子，車駕幸東都。
On the day bingzi of the eleventh month the imperial carriage visited the Eastern Capital.
69
六年春正月癸亥朔，旦，有盜數十人，皆素冠練衣，焚香持華，自稱彌勒佛，入自建國門。 監門者皆稽首。 既而奪衞士仗，將為亂。 齊王暕遇而斬之。 於是都下大索，與相連坐者千餘家。 丁丑，角抵大戲於端門街，天下奇伎異藝畢集，終月而罷。 帝數微服往觀之。 己丑，倭國遣使貢方物。
In the first month of spring of the sixth year, on the day guihai, the first day of the month, several tens of robbers wearing plain caps and white hemp clothes, burning incense and holding flowers, called themselves Maitreya Buddha and entered through the Jianguo Gate. The gate guards all kowtowed. Soon afterward they seized the guards' weapons and prepared to create disorder. Prince Yan of Qi encountered them and had them beheaded. Thereupon a great search was made in the capital, and more than a thousand households were implicated by association. On the day dingchou great grappling entertainment was held on Duanmen Street; strange skills and exotic arts from throughout the realm gathered, and the spectacle continued for a full month. The emperor several times went in disguise to observe. On the day jichou Wa sent envoys presenting tribute.
70
二月乙巳，武賁郎將陳稜、朝請大夫張鎮州擊流求，[11]破之，獻俘萬七千口，頒賜百官。 乙卯，詔曰：「夫帝圖草創，王業艱難，咸仗股肱，協同心德，用能拯厥頹運，克膺大寶，然後疇庸茂賞，開國承家，誓以山河，傳之不朽。 近代喪亂，四海未一，茅土妄假，名實相乖，歷茲永久，莫能懲革。 皇運之初，百度伊始，猶循舊貫，未暇改作，今天下交泰，文軌攸同，宜率遵先典，永垂大訓。 自今已後，唯有功勳乃得賜封，仍令子孫承襲。」 丙辰，改封安德王雄為觀王，河間王子慶為郇王。 庚申，徵魏、齊、周、陳樂人，悉配太常。 三月癸亥，幸江都宮。 甲子，以鴻臚卿史祥為左驍衞大將軍。
On the day yisi of the second month, Martial Guard Commandant Chen Leng and Grand Master for Court Audience Zhang Zhenzhou attacked Liuqiu, defeated it, and presented more than seventeen thousand captives; officials were rewarded. On the day yimao an edict stated, "When the imperial design is first established and the royal enterprise is difficult, all rely on loyal ministers sharing one heart, thereby able to rescue declining fortune and accept the great treasure; afterward merit is richly rewarded, states opened and families continued, sworn by mountains and rivers, transmitted without end. In recent ages of disorder the four seas were not unified; fiefs were falsely granted and name and reality diverged; through long ages none could punish and reform this. At the beginning of the imperial fortune the hundred measures had just started and still followed old practice without leisure to reform; now the realm is at peace and law and culture are one—it should follow the former canon and bequeath the great instruction. From now on, only those with merit and achievement may receive enfeoffment, with descendants inheriting in succession. On the day bingchen Prince Xiong of Ande was re-enfeoffed as Prince of Guan, and Prince Qing of Hejian as Prince of Xun. On the day gengshen musicians of Wei, Qi, Zhou, and Chen were all assigned to the Court of Imperial Sacrifices. On the day guihai of the third month he visited the Jiangdu Palace. On the day jiazi, Director of the Court for Diplomatic Reception Shi Xiang was made General of the Left Martial Cavalry Guard.
71
夏四月丁未，宴江淮已南父老，頒賜各有差。
In the fourth month of summer, on the day dingwei, elders south of the Yangtze and Huai were feasted and rewarded according to rank.
72
六月辛卯，室韋、赤土並遣使貢方物。 壬辰，雁門賊帥尉文通聚眾三千，保於莫壁谷。 遣鷹揚楊伯泉擊破之。 甲寅，制江都太守秩同京尹。
On the day xinmao of the sixth month, Shiwei and Chitu both sent envoys presenting tribute. On the day renchen, the bandit chief Yu Wentong of Yanmen gathered three thousand men and fortified Mobi Valley. Falconer Yang Boquan was dispatched to attack and rout them. On the day jiayin it was decreed that the Prefect of Jiangdu held rank equal to the Capital Intendant.
73
冬十月壬申，[12]刑部尚書梁毗卒。 壬子，民部尚書、銀青光祿大夫長孫熾卒。
In winter's tenth month, on the day renshen, Minister of Justice Liang Pi passed away. On the day renzi, Zhang Chi, Minister of the Household and Grand Master for Splendid Happiness with Silver Seal, passed away.
74
十二月己未，左光祿大夫、吏部尚書牛弘卒。 辛酉，朱崖人王萬昌舉兵作亂，遣隴西太守韓洪討平之。 七年春正月壬寅，左武衞大將軍、光祿大夫、真定侯郭衍卒。
On the day jiwei of the twelfth month, Left Grand Master for Splendid Happiness and Minister of Civil Office Niu Hong died. On the day xinyou, Wang Wanchang of Zhuyai raised troops in rebellion; Prefect of Longxi Han Hong was dispatched to suppress the revolt. In the first month of spring of the seventh year, on the day renyin, Left Martial Guard General, Grand Master for Splendid Happiness, and Marquis of Zhending Guo Yan passed away.
75
二月己未，上升釣臺，臨揚子津，大宴百僚，頒賜各有差。 庚申，百濟遣使朝貢。 乙亥，上自江都御龍舟入通濟渠，遂幸于涿郡。 壬午，詔曰：「武有七德，先之以安民。 政有六本，興之以教義。 高麗高元，虧失藩禮，將欲問罪遼左，恢宣勝略。 雖懷伐國，仍事省方。 今往涿郡，巡撫民俗。 其河北諸郡及山西、山東年九十已上者，版授太守； 八十者，授縣令。」
On the day jiwei of the second month the emperor ascended the fishing terrace overlooking Yangzi Ford and greatly feasted the hundred officials, rewarding them according to rank. On the day gengshen Baekje sent envoys to court with tribute. On the day yihai the emperor from Jiangdu boarded the dragon boat, entered the Tongji Canal, and traveled to Zhuo Commandery. On the day renwu an edict stated, "Of the seven virtues of warfare, the first is settling the people. Of the six foundations of government, the first to cultivate is teaching righteousness. Gao Yuan of Goguryeo has failed in frontier obligations; I shall question his guilt on the Liao frontier and spread victorious strategy. Though intending a punitive expedition, I still undertake provincial inspection. Now going to Zhuo Commandery, I shall tour and pacify popular customs. For those aged ninety and above in the commanderies of Hebei, Shanxi, and Shandong, appointment by tablet as prefect; for those aged eighty, appointment as magistrate."
76
三月丁亥，右光祿大夫、左屯衞大將軍姚辯卒。
On the day dinghai of the third month, Yao Bian, Right Grand Master for Splendid Happiness and General of the Left Garrison Guard, died.
77
夏四月庚午，至涿郡之臨朔宮。
In summer's fourth month, on the day gengwu, he arrived at the Linshuo Palace in Zhuo Commandery.
78
五月戊子，以武威太守樊子蓋為民部尚書。
On the day wuzi of the fifth month, Fan Zigai, Prefect of Wuwei, was made Minister of the Household.
79
秋，大水，山東、河南漂沒三十餘郡，[13]民相賣為奴婢。
In autumn great floods inundated more than thirty commanderies in Shandong and Henan, and the people sold one another as slaves and bondmaids.
80
冬十月乙卯，底柱山崩，偃河逆流數十里。 戊午，以東平太守吐萬緒為左屯衞大將軍。
In winter's tenth month, on the day yimao, Mount Dizhu collapsed; the Yellow River was blocked and flowed backward for several tens of li. On the day wuwu, Tuo Wanxu, Prefect of Dongping, was made General of the Left Garrison Guard.
81
十二月己未，西面突厥處羅多利可汗來朝。 上大悅，接以殊禮。 于時遼東戰士及餽運者填咽於道，晝夜不絕，苦役者始為羣盜。 甲子，勑都尉、鷹揚與郡縣相知追捕，隨獲斬決之。
On the day jiwei of the twelfth month, Chulu Duoli Kehan of the Western Turks came to court. The emperor was greatly pleased and received him with exceptional ceremony. At that time Liaodong soldiers and supply transport workers filled the roads day and night without cease; those suffering forced labor first turned to banditry in groups. On the day jiazi an order stated that Commandants and Falconers together with districts and counties should pursue and capture bandits; wherever captured, immediate execution.
82
校勘記
Textual Collation Notes
83
項城公韶「韶」原作「歆」，據太平御覽 〈以下簡稱御覽〉 一０六改。 「韶」即王韶。
Duke of Xiangcheng Shao: "Shao" was originally written "Xin"; according to the Taiping Imperial Reader (hereinafter abbreviated as Imperial Reader), fascicle 106, it was changed. 〈Hereinafter abbreviated as Imperial Reader.〉 Fascicle 106 records the change. "Shao" refers to Wang Shao.
84
安道公李徹「李徹」上原衍「才」字，今刪。
Duke of Andao Li Che: the character "cai" was originally added in error above "Li Che" and is now deleted.
85
徐析「析」，南史沈客卿傳作「哲」。
Xu Zhe: in the Biography of Shen Keqing in the History of the Southern Dynasties, "Zhe" is written as "Zhi."
86
鳳艒北史隋本紀下作「鳳䑽」。 艒是小船，䑽是大船。 此處應作䑽。
Phoenix barge: in the Basic Annals of Sui in the History of the Northern Dynasties the term is written "phoenix da." Mo denotes a small boat; da denotes a large boat. Here the character should read da.
87
李通即李元通，本書有傳。
Li Tong: that is Li Yuantong; this book contains his biography.
88
一旬而罷北史隋本紀下作「二旬而罷」。
Ceased in one ten-day period: in the Basic Annals of Sui in the History of the Northern Dynasties it reads "ceased in two ten-day periods."
89
義城公主本書中多作「義成公主」。 「城」、「成」二字有時通用。
Princess Yicheng: elsewhere in this book the name is mostly written "Princess Yicheng." The characters cheng and cheng are sometimes used interchangeably.
90
崔毅即崔君毅，見本書西突厥傳。
Cui Yi: that is Cui Junyi; see the Biography of the Western Turks in this book.
91
致羅剎「剎」原作「罽」，據本書食貨志改。
Obtaining the Rakshasa: "sha" was originally written "ji," changed according to the Treatise on Food and Money in this book.
92
大獵於拔延山長圍周亘二千里本書禮儀志三作「詔虞部量拔延山南北周二百里」。
Great hunt at Bayan Mountain with long encirclement extending two thousand li: in Treatise on Rites 3 of this book it reads "ordered the Ministry of Parks to measure Bayan Mountain north and south for a circuit of two hundred li."
93
張鎮州本書陳稜傳作「張鎮周」。
Zhang Zhenzhou: in the Biography of Chen Leng in this book the name is written "Zhang Zhenzhou."
94
十月壬申此月己丑朔，無壬申。 日干有誤。
On the day renshen in the tenth month: in this month the first day was jichou, so renshen is impossible. The day stem is erroneous.
95
三十餘郡本書食貨志作「四十餘郡」。
More than thirty commanderies: in the Treatise on Food and Money in this book it reads "more than forty commanderies."