1
高湖崔逞封懿
Gao Hu, Cui Cheng, and Feng Yi
2
高湖，字大淵，勃海蓨人也。 漢太傅裒之後。 [1]祖慶，慕容垂司空。 父泰，吏部尚書。 湖少機敏，有器度，與兄韜俱知名於時，雅為鄉人崔逞所敬異。 少歷顯職，為散騎常侍。 登國十年，垂遣其太子寶來伐也，湖言於垂曰：「魏，燕之與國。 彼有內難，此遣赴之； 此有所求，彼無違者。 和好多年，行人相繼。 往求馬不得，遂留其弟，曲在於此，非彼之失。 政當敦修舊好，乂寧國家，而復令太子率眾遠伐。 且魏主雄略，兵馬精強，險阻艱難，備嘗之矣。 太子富於春秋，意果心銳，輕敵好勝，難可獨行。 兵凶戰危，願以深慮。」 言頗切厲。 垂怒，免湖官。 既而寶果敗於參合。 寶立，乃起湖為征虜將軍、燕郡太守。 寶走和龍，兄弟交爭，湖見其衰亂，遂率戶三千歸國。 太祖賜爵東阿侯，加右將軍，總代東諸部。 世祖時，除寧西將軍、涼州鎮都大將，鎮姑臧，甚有惠政。 年七十，卒。 贈鎮西將軍、秦州刺史，諡曰敬。 有四子。
Gao Hu, whose style name was Dayuan, came from Tiao in Bohai commandery. He traced his descent to Gao Bao, Grand Tutor under the Han. [1] His grandfather Qing had served Murong Chui as Minister of Works. His father Tai held the post of Minister of Personnel. From youth Hu was quick and perceptive, with real breadth of character. He and his elder brother Tao were both celebrated in their day, and their fellow townsman Cui Cheng held them in particular esteem. While still young he rose through prominent posts and became Regular Attendant Within the Yellow Gates. In the tenth year of Dengguo, when Murong Chui sent his heir apparent Bao on campaign against Wei, Hu remonstrated with Chui: "Wei is Yan's ally. When they faced internal troubles, we sent forces to help them; when we made requests, they did not refuse us. Friendship had lasted many years, with envoys traveling back and forth without cease. When we once asked for horses and were refused, we detained his younger brother; the wrong was on our side, not theirs. We ought to renew the old friendship in earnest and settle the realm in peace, yet now the heir is sent to lead an army on a distant campaign. Moreover the Wei ruler is a bold strategist, his soldiers and horses first-rate, and the terrain treacherous—we have learned that at our cost. The heir is still young, bold and eager, prone to despise the enemy and hunger for victory—he should not be sent alone. War is inauspicious and battle perilous; I beg Your Majesty to weigh this deeply." His words were stern and urgent. Chui flew into a rage and stripped Hu of his post. Before long Bao was indeed defeated at Canhe. After Bao succeeded to the throne, Hu was reappointed General Who Pacifies the Barbarians and Administrator of Yan commandery. When Bao fled to Helong and his brothers fell to fighting among themselves, Hu saw the realm crumbling and led three thousand households to defect to Wei. Emperor Taizu enfeoffed him as Marquis of Dong'a, promoted him to General of the Right, and placed him in overall command of the eastern tribal divisions of Dai. Under Emperor Shizu he was made General Who Pacifies the West and Grand Commander of the Liangzhou garrison, stationed at Guzang, where his benevolent rule won wide praise. He died at the age of seventy. Posthumously he was honored as General Who Guards the West and Governor of Qin province, with the temple name Jing ("Respectful"). He had four sons.
3
第三子謐，字安平，有文武才度。 天安中，[2]以功臣子召入禁中，除中散，專典秘閣。 肅勤不倦，高宗深重之，拜祕書郎。 謐以墳典殘缺，奏請廣訪羣書，大加繕寫。 由是代京圖籍，莫不審正。 顯祖之御寧光宮也，謐恒侍講讀，拜蘭臺御史。 尋轉治書，掌攝內外，彈糾非法，當官而行，無所畏避，甚見稱賞。 延興二年九月卒，時年四十五。 太昌初，追贈使持節、侍中、都督青徐齊濟兗五州諸軍事、驃騎大將軍、太尉公，青州刺史，[3]諡武貞公。 妻叔孫氏，陳留郡君。
His third son Mi, styled Anping, possessed both civil and military talent. In the Tian'an era, [2] as the son of a meritorious official he was summoned into the inner palace, appointed Central Scribe, and placed in sole charge of the Secret Archive. Solemn, diligent, and tireless, he won Emperor Gaozong's deep regard and was appointed Secretary Gentleman. Seeing the classics damaged and incomplete, Mi memorialized for a broad search of books and a major program of copying and repair. Thereafter the books and records held at the Dai capital were all brought into proper order. While Emperor Xianzu resided at Ningguang Palace, Mi regularly attended him for lectures and was appointed Censor of the Orchid Terrace. He was soon transferred to Drafting Documents, overseeing affairs within and without the palace, impeaching wrongdoing, discharging his duties without fear or favor, and won wide acclaim. He died in the ninth month of the second year of Yanxing, at the age of forty-five. Early in the Taichang era he was posthumously honored with the Staff of Authority, Palace Attendant, supreme command over Qing, Xu, Qi, Ji, and Yan provinces, the title General of Agile Cavalry and Duke of Taiwei, and the governorship of Qing, [3] with the posthumous title Duke Wuzhen ("Martial and Upright"). His wife, of the Shusun clan, held the title Lady of Chenliu commandery.
4
長子樹生。 性通達，重節義，交結英雄，不事生產，有識者並宗奇之。 蠕蠕侵掠，高祖詔懷朔鎮將陽平王頤率眾討之，頤假樹生鎮遠將軍、都將，先驅有功。 樹生尚氣俠，意在浮沉自適，不願職位，辭不受賞，論者高之。 居宅數有赤光紫氣之異，鄰伍驚恐，僉謂怪變，宅不可居。 樹生曰：「何往非善。」 [4]安之自若。 雅好音律，常以絲竹自娛。 孝昌初，北州大亂，詔發眾軍，廣開募賞。 以樹生有威略，授以大都督，令率勁勇，鎮捍舊蕃。 二年卒，時年五十五。 太昌初，追贈使持節、都督冀相滄瀛殷定六州諸軍事、大將軍、太師、錄尚書事、冀州刺史，追封勃海王，諡曰文穆，妻韓氏，為勃海王國太妃。 永熙中，後贈假黃鉞、侍中、都督中外諸軍事，加後部羽葆鼓吹，餘如故，長子即齊獻武王也。
His eldest son was Shusheng. Open and broad-minded by nature, he prized integrity and righteousness, sought out men of heroic stature, and cared nothing for livelihood; thoughtful observers all regarded him as remarkable. When the Rouran raided the frontiers, Emperor Gaozu ordered Yi, Prince of Yangping and commander of Huaishuo, to lead a punitive force; Yi lent Shusheng the ranks of General Who Pacifies the Distance and chief commander, and Shusheng distinguished himself in the vanguard. Shusheng was a man of chivalrous spirit who wished only to go where fortune carried him, not to chase office; he declined rewards, and commentators praised him for it. Strange red lights and purple vapors repeatedly appeared over his house; neighbors were terrified and agreed it was an omen—the dwelling was unfit to live in. Shusheng said, "Wherever one goes can be for the good." [4] He remained perfectly at ease. He loved music and often entertained himself with string and wind instruments. Early in the Xiaochang era the northern provinces fell into chaos; an edict mobilized the armies and opened recruitment with generous rewards. Because Shusheng had both authority and strategic talent, he was appointed Great Commander and ordered to lead elite troops to hold the old frontier. He died in the second year of the era, at the age of fifty-five. Early in Taichang he was posthumously honored with the Staff of Authority, supreme command over Ji, Xiang, Cang, Ying, Yin, and Ding, the ranks of Great General, Grand Tutor, and Recorder of the Masters of Writing, and the governorship of Ji; enfeoffed posthumously as Prince of Bohai with the temple name Wenmu, "Cultured and Solemn"; his wife, Lady Han of the Han clan, became Grand Princess of the Bohai princedom. In the Yongxi era he received a further posthumous promotion: the Ceremonial Axe, Palace Attendant, and supreme command over all armies at court and in the field, with the full rear guard of canopy and drum escort, other honors unchanged. His eldest son was Gao Huan, Prince Xianwu of Qi.
5
王弟琛，字永寶。 天平中，驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司、御史中尉、南趙郡開國公。
The prince's younger brother Chen, whose style name was Yongbao. In the Tianping era he held the ranks of General of Agile Cavalry, Bearer of the Halberd with Equal Ceremony to the Three Dukes, Imperial Censor-in-Chief, and founding Duke of Nan Zhao commandery.
6
子叡，襲。 武定末，太子庶子。
His son Rui inherited the title. At the end of the Wuding era he served as Junior Tutor of the Heir Apparent.
7
樹生弟翻，字飛雀，亦以器度知名。 卒於侍御中散。 元象中，贈假黃鉞、使持節、侍中、都督冀定洛瀛并肆燕恒雲朔十州諸軍事、大將軍、太傅、太尉公、錄尚書事、冀州刺史，諡曰孝宣。
Shusheng's younger brother Fan, styled Feique, was likewise known for his breadth of character. He died in office as Central Scribe of the Imperial Attendants. In the Yuanxiang era he was posthumously honored with the Ceremonial Axe, the Staff of Authority, Palace Attendant, supreme command over Ji, Ding, Luo, Ying, Bing, Si, Yan, Heng, Yun, and Shuo, the ranks of Great General, Grand Preceptor, Duke of Taiwei, and Recorder of the Masters of Writing, and the governorship of Ji, with the temple name Xiaoxuan ("Filial and Proclaiming").
8
子嶽，武定末，侍中、太傅公、[5]清河郡開國公。
His son Yue, at the end of Wuding, held the posts of Palace Attendant, Duke of Grand Preceptor, [5] and founding Duke of Qinghe commandery.
9
謐長兄真，有志行。 兄弟俱至孝，父亡，治喪墓次，甘露白雉降集焉，有司以聞，詔標閭里。 自涇州別駕，稍遷安定太守，甚著聲績。 卒，贈龍驤將軍、涇州刺史。
Mi's elder brother Zhen was a man of resolve and integrity. The brothers were both models of filial piety. When their father died, as they kept mourning at his tomb, sweet dew fell and white pheasants gathered there; officials reported the portents, and an edict marked their neighborhood for honor. Starting as Vice Administrator of Jing province, he rose step by step to Administrator of Anding, where his reputation and achievements were outstanding. He died and was posthumously honored as General of the Dragon Cavalry and Governor of Jing province.
10
〈闕〉 帶金城太守。 神龜初卒。 [6]太昌元年，贈使持節、侍中、都督定相殷三州諸軍事、驃騎大將軍、儀同三司、定州刺史，諡曰武康。
〈Text missing in the manuscript.〉 He also served concurrently as Administrator of Jincheng. He died early in the Shengui era. [6] In the first year of Taichang he was posthumously honored with the Staff of Authority, Palace Attendant, supreme command over Ding, Xiang, and Yin, the title General of Agile Cavalry with Equal Ceremony to the Three Dukes, and the governorship of Ding, with the temple name Wukang ("Martial and Assured").
11
子仁，正光中，卒於河州別駕。 太昌初，贈使持節、侍中、都督青齊濟三州諸軍事、儀同三司、青州刺史，諡曰明穆。
His son Ren died in the Zhenguang era while serving as Vice Administrator of He province. Early in Taichang he was posthumously honored with the Staff of Authority, Palace Attendant, supreme command over Qing, Qi, and Ji, Equal Ceremony to the Three Dukes, and the governorship of Qing, with the temple name Mingmu ("Bright and Solemn").
12
子貫，字小胡。 永興末，[7]通直散騎常侍、金紫光祿大夫、尚食典御。
His son Guan, whose style name was Xiaohu. At the end of the Yongxing era, [7] he held the posts of Regular Attendant of Scattered Cavalry with Direct Access, Grand Master of Splendid Happiness with Golden Seal and Purple Ribbon, and Director of the Imperial Kitchen.
13
拔弟䐗兒，[8]美容貌，膂力過人，尤善弓馬。 顯祖時，羽林幢將。 皇興中，主仗令。 高祖初，給事中，累遷散騎常侍、內侍長。 坐事死。
Ba's younger brother Er, [8] was handsome, possessed extraordinary physical strength, and was especially skilled at archery and horsemanship. Under Emperor Xianzu he served as a commander in the Feathered Forest guard. In the Huangxing era he was Chief of the Ceremonial Staff. Early in Emperor Gaozu's reign he was Attendant Within the Yellow Gates, then rose through successive promotions to Regular Attendant of Scattered Cavalry and Chief Palace Attendant. He was executed for a crime.
14
子昋，字明珍，有器尚。 初除侍御史，拜奉朝請、員外散騎侍郎。 與叔徽俱使西域，還至河州，遇賊攻圍，城陷見害。 太昌初，贈使持節、都督冀滄二州諸軍事、征東將軍、冀州刺史。 永熙中，重贈侍中、都督青徐光三州諸軍事、驃騎大將軍、儀同三司、青州刺史，諡曰文景。
His son Ji, styled Mingzhen, was a man of talent and high principle. He was first appointed Attending Censor, then invested as Court Gentleman for the Imperial Audience and Extraordinary Gentleman of Scattered Cavalry. He and his uncle Hui were sent together as envoys to the Western Regions. On their return at He province they were caught in a rebel siege; the city fell and he was killed. Early in Taichang he was posthumously honored with the Staff of Authority, command over Ji and Cang, the title General Who Conquers the East, and the governorship of Ji. In the Yongxi era he received a further posthumous promotion to Palace Attendant, supreme command over Qing, Xu, and Guang, General of Agile Cavalry with Equal Ceremony to the Three Dukes, and Governor of Qing, with the temple name Wenjing ("Cultured and Illustrious").
15
子永樂，興和中，驃騎大將軍、儀同三司、濟州刺史、陽川縣開國公。
His son Yongle, in the Xinghe era, held the ranks of General of Agile Cavalry, Equal Ceremony to the Three Dukes, Governor of Ji, and founding Duke of Yangchuan county.
16
永樂弟弼，武定中，安西將軍、營州刺史、安陵縣開國男。
Yongle's younger brother Bi, in the Wuding era, was General Who Pacifies the West, Governor of Ying province, and founding Baron of Anling county.
17
䐗兒弟徽，字榮顯，小字苟兒。 聰敏有氣幹，為任城王澄所知賞。 景明中，起家奉朝請。 延昌中，假員外散騎常侍，使於嚈噠，西域諸國莫不敬憚之，破洛侯、烏孫並因之以獻名馬。 還，拜冗從僕射。 神龜中，遷射聲校尉、左中郎將、游擊將軍。 又假平西將軍、員外散騎常侍，使嚈噠。 還至枹罕，屬莫折念生反於秦隴。 時河州刺史元祚為前刺史梁釗息景進等招引念生攻河州，祚以憂死。 長史元永平、治中孟賓、臺使元湛，共推徽行河州事，綏接有方，兵士用命。 別駕乞伏世則潛通景進，徽殺之。 徵兵於吐谷渾，吐谷渾率眾救之。 景進敗，退走，奔秦州。 景進尋率羌夷復來攻逼，徽遣統軍六景相馳表請師，詔徽仍行河州事。 久無援救，力屈城陷，為賊所害。 永熙中，喪還洛陽。 贈使持節、侍中、都督冀定相瀛滄五州諸軍事、司徒公、冀州刺史，諡曰文宣。
Er's younger brother Hui, styled Rongxian, was known familiarly as Gou'er. Quick-witted and forceful, he won the notice and esteem of Cheng, Prince of Rencheng. In the Jingming era he entered service as Court Gentleman for the Imperial Audience. In the Yanchang era he served provisionally as Extraordinary Regular Attendant of Scattered Cavalry and was sent as envoy to the Hephthalites; every state of the Western Regions respected and feared him, and Poluohou and Wusun both sent famous horses through him as tribute. On his return he was appointed Supernumerary Vice Director of the Masters of Writing. In the Shengui era he was promoted to Commandant of the Archers Who Shoot at Sound, Left Commandant of the Center, and General of Mobile Striking Forces. He was again given the provisional ranks of General Who Pacifies the West and Extraordinary Regular Attendant of Scattered Cavalry and sent on mission to the Hephthalites. On his return he reached Fuhan just as Moqi Niansheng rose in rebellion across Qin and Long. The Governor of He province, Yuan Zuo, had been drawn by Jingjin, son of the former governor Liang Zhao, and others into inviting Niansheng to attack He province; Zuo died of distress. Chief Administrator Yuan Yongping, Administrator of Records Meng Bin, and capital envoy Yuan Zhan jointly urged Hui to take charge of He province; he governed with skill, and the troops obeyed him willingly. Vice Administrator Qifu Shize was secretly in contact with Jingjin; Hui had him executed. He called on the Tuyuhun for troops, and they marched to his relief. Jingjin was defeated, fled, and withdrew to Qin province. Before long Jingjin led Qiang and tribal forces back to press the siege. Hui sent the commander Liu Jingxiang with an urgent memorial requesting relief, and an edict confirmed him in charge of He province. Relief never came; his strength gave out, the city fell, and he was killed by the rebels. In the Yongxi era his remains were brought back to Luoyang. He was posthumously honored with the Staff of Authority, Palace Attendant, supreme command over Ji, Ding, Xiang, Ying, and Cang, the title Duke of the Ministry of Education and Governor of Ji, with the temple name Wenxuan ("Cultured and Proclaiming").
18
子歸義，有志烈。 初除奉朝請，加威烈將軍。 與父徽俱使西域。 還都，稍遷龍驤將軍、中散大夫、西征都督，每有戰功。 後沒於陣。 太昌初，贈侍中、驃騎大將軍、儀同三司、雍州刺史，諡曰孝貞。
His son Guiyi was a man of fierce resolve. He first entered service as Court Gentleman for the Imperial Audience and was additionally given the rank of General of Majestic Ferocity. He traveled to the Western Regions as envoy together with his father Hui. After returning to the capital he rose step by step to General of the Dragon Cavalry, Grand Master of Palace Leisure, and Commander of the Western Campaign, distinguishing himself in battle again and again. He later fell in battle. Early in Taichang he was posthumously honored as Palace Attendant, General of Agile Cavalry with Equal Ceremony to the Three Dukes, and Governor of Yong, with the temple name Xiaozhen ("Filial and Upright").
19
子普，武定末，安南將軍、太子左衞率。
His son Pu, at the end of the Wuding era, held the posts of General Who Pacifies the South and Left Commander of the Heir Apparent's Guard.
20
歸義弟歸彥，武定末，驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司、徐州刺史、安喜縣開國男。
Guiyi's younger brother Guiyan, at the end of Wuding, was General of Agile Cavalry, Bearer of the Halberd with Equal Ceremony to the Three Dukes, Governor of Xu province, and founding Baron of Anxi county.
21
真弟各拔，廣昌鎮將。 卒，贈燕州刺史。
Zhen's younger brother Geba served as commander of the Guangchang garrison. He died and was posthumously honored as Governor of Yan province.
22
子猛虎，鄯善鎮錄事。 及居喪，以至性稱，遂絕宦情。
His son Menghu served as recorder at the Shanshan garrison. While mourning his father he won renown for exceptional filial devotion and thereafter renounced all ambition for office.
23
子元國，早卒。
His son Yuanguo died young.
24
次顯國，武定末，撫軍將軍、汶陽男。
The next son, Xianguo, at the end of Wuding held the ranks of General Who Pacifies the Army and Baron of Wenyang.
25
顯國弟達，武定中，驃騎將軍、行滄州事。 [9]
Xianguo's younger brother Da, in the Wuding era, was General of Agile Cavalry and acted as administrator of Cang province. Scholarly note [9].
26
達弟永國，征虜將軍、中散大夫。
Da's younger brother Yongguo held the ranks of General Who Pacifies the Barbarians and Grand Master of Palace Leisure.
27
永國弟子國，武衞將軍。
Yongguo's younger brother Ziguo was General of the Martial Guard.
28
各拔少子盛，天平中，侍中、太尉公、廣平郡開國公。
Geba's youngest son Sheng, in the Tianping era, was Palace Attendant, Duke of Taiwei, and founding Duke of Guangping commandery.
29
子子瑗，武定末，兼武衞將軍。
His son Ziyuan, at the end of Wuding, served concurrently as General of the Martial Guard.
30
謐弟稚，字幼寧。 薄骨律鎮將，營州刺史。
Mi's younger brother Zhi, whose style name was Youning. He served as commander of the Bogulü garrison and Governor of Ying province.
31
子陀，字難陀。 沃野鎮長。 [10]卒，贈琅邪太守。
His son Tuo, whose style name was Nantuo. He was chief of the Woye garrison. [10] He died and was posthumously honored as Administrator of Langye.
32
子雍，字景雲，司徒從事。 後與少子思義俱奔蕭衍，卒於江南。 元象初，喪還，特贈使持節、散騎常侍、都督冀定瀛滄幽五州諸軍事、驃騎大將軍、尚書令、司徒公、冀州刺史。
His son Yong, styled Jingyun, served as an attendant in the Ministry of Education. Later he and his youngest son Siyi both defected to Xiao Yan and died in the south. Early in the Yuanxiang era his remains were brought home and he received a special posthumous promotion: the Staff of Authority, Regular Attendant of Scattered Cavalry, supreme command over Ji, Ding, Ying, Cang, and You, General of Agile Cavalry, Director of the Masters of Writing, Duke of the Ministry of Education, and Governor of Ji.
33
子思宗，武定末，中軍將軍、儀同三司、兗州刺史、上洛郡開國男。 思義，特贈使持節、散騎常侍、都督青兗齊三州諸軍事、車騎大將軍、尚書僕射、儀同三司、青州刺史。
His son Sizong, at the end of Wuding, was General of the Central Army, Equal Ceremony to the Three Dukes, Governor of Yan province, and founding Baron of Shangluo commandery. Siyi received a special posthumous promotion: the Staff of Authority, Regular Attendant of Scattered Cavalry, supreme command over Qing, Yan, and Qi, General of Chariots and Cavalry, Vice Director of the Masters of Writing, Equal Ceremony to the Three Dukes, and Governor of Qing.
34
陀弟興，早卒。 興子貴孫，晉州刺史。
Tuo's younger brother Xing died young. Xing's son Guisun served as Governor of Jin province.
35
湖弟恒，字叔宗，慕容垂鉅鹿太守。 太祖時，率郡降，賜爵涇縣侯，加龍驤將軍，仍守鉅鹿。 卒，贈安東將軍、幽州刺史，諡曰惠。
Hu's younger brother Heng, styled Shuzong, had served Murong Chui as Administrator of Julu. Under Emperor Taizu he led his commandery in surrender, was enfeoffed as Marquis of Jing county, promoted to General of the Dragon Cavalry, and continued to hold Julu. He died and was posthumously honored as General Who Pacifies the East and Governor of You, with the temple name Hui ("Benevolent").
36
子道，字始愔，襲爵。 拜都牧令，遷鎮南將軍、相州刺史。 未及之職，卒。 仍以為贈，諡曰莊。
His son Dao, styled Shiyin, inherited the title. He was appointed chief of the metropolitan pasturage, then promoted to General Who Guards the South and Governor of Xiang province. He died before he could take up the new appointment. The appointment was nevertheless granted posthumously, with the temple name Zhuang ("Solemn").
37
子幹，字干奴。 好學，寬厚有雅度。 襲爵涇縣侯，後例降為伯。 歷南青州征虜府司馬、威遠將軍、鄯善鎮遠府長史。 仍轉汾州後軍府長史、白水太守。 所在以廉平著稱。 太昌初，卒。 贈使持節、都督秦雍二州諸軍事、車騎大將軍、司空公、雍州刺史，諡曰孝穆。
His son Gan, whose style name was Gannu. He loved learning and was generous, with a cultivated breadth of manner. He inherited the marquisate of Jing county, which was later reduced by precedent to a barony. He served as major in the Pacification-Barbarians bureau of Southern Qing province, as General of Majestic Distance, and as chief clerk of the far-pacification bureau at the Shanshan garrison. He was then transferred to chief clerk of the rear-army bureau in Fen province and Administrator of Baishui. Wherever he served, he won renown for integrity and fairness. He died early in the Taichang era. He was posthumously honored with the Staff of Authority, supreme command over Qin and Yong, General of Chariots and Cavalry, Duke of the Ministry of Works, and Governor of Yong, with the temple name Xiaomu ("Filial and Solemn").
38
子侃，字伯欣，襲。 除南秦州長史。 卒，贈輔國將軍、涼州刺史，諡曰宣。
His son Kan, styled Boxin, inherited the title. He was appointed chief administrator of Southern Qin province. He died and was posthumously honored as General Who Assists the State and Governor of Liang, with the temple name Xuan ("Proclaiming").
39
子紹，字廣祖，襲爵。 興和初，征虜將軍、滄州刺史。
His son Shao, styled Guangzu, inherited the title. Early in the Xinghe era he was General Who Pacifies the Barbarians and Governor of Cang province.
40
侃弟騰，字伏興。 卒於安東將軍、光州刺史、襄城縣開國公。
Kan's younger brother Teng, whose style name was Fuxing. He died in office as General Who Pacifies the East, Governor of Guang province, and founding Duke of Xiangcheng county.
41
子陟，字祖遷。 司空中郎、太尉主簿。
His son Zhi, whose style name was Zuqian. He served as gentleman in the Ministry of Works and chief clerk to the Grand Preceptor.
42
陟弟憬，通直郎。 憬弟翽，襲父爵。
Zhi's younger brother Jing was Direct-access Gentleman. Jing's younger brother Hui inherited his father's title.
43
騰弟隆之，武定末，太保、尚書令、平原郡開國公。
Teng's younger brother Longzhi, at the end of Wuding, was Grand Preceptor, Director of the Masters of Writing, and founding Duke of Pingyuan commandery.
44
崔逞，字叔祖，清河東武城人也，魏中尉琰之六世孫。 曾祖諒，晉中書令。 祖遇，仕石虎，為特進。 父瑜，黃門郎。
Cui Cheng, whose style name was Shuzu, came from Dongwucheng in Qinghe commandery and was a sixth-generation descendant of Cui Yan, Commandant of the Heir Apparent in Wei. His great-grandfather Liang had served the Jin as Director of the Secretariat. His grandfather Yu served Shi Hu of Later Zhao as Special Advance. His father Yu was a Gentleman at the Yellow Gates.
45
逞少好學，有文才。 遭亂，孤貧，躬耕于野，而講誦不廢。 慕容暐時，郡舉上計掾，補著作郎，撰燕記。 遷黃門侍郎。 及苻堅并慕容暐，以為齊郡太守。 堅敗，司馬昌明以逞為清河、平原二郡太守。 為翟遼所虜，授以中書令。 慕容垂滅翟釗，以為祕書監。 慕容寶東走和龍，為留臺吏部尚書。 及慕容驎立，逞攜妻子亡歸太祖。 張袞先稱美逞，及見，禮遇甚重。 拜為尚書，任以政事，錄三十六曹，別給吏屬，居門下省。 尋除御史中丞。
From youth Cheng loved learning and showed real literary talent. Caught in the chaos of the times, orphaned and destitute, he plowed the fields with his own hands yet never abandoned his lectures and recitation. Under Murong Wei the commandery recommended him as clerk for the annual account; he was appointed Gentleman for Compilation and compiled the Record of Yan. He was promoted to Gentleman Attendant at the Yellow Gates. When Fu Jian conquered Murong Wei, Cheng was appointed Administrator of Qi commandery. After Fu Jian's defeat, Sima Changming appointed Cheng administrator of both Qinghe and Pingyuan commanderies. Captured by Zhai Liao, he was appointed Director of the Secretariat. After Murong Chui destroyed Zhai Zhao, Cheng was made Supervisor of the Secretariat. When Murong Bao fled east to Helong, Cheng served as Minister of Personnel at the rear capital. When Murong Lin succeeded to the throne, Cheng fled with his wife and children to defect to Emperor Taizu. Zhang Gun had spoken highly of Cheng beforehand; when they met, the emperor received him with exceptional honor. He was appointed to the Masters of Writing, entrusted with state affairs, placed in charge of all thirty-six bureaus with a separate staff of clerks, and lodged in the Gate-Down Office. He was soon appointed Imperial Censor-in-Chief.
46
太祖攻中山未克，六軍乏糧，民多匿穀，問羣臣以取粟方略。 逞曰：「取椹可以助糧。 故飛鴞食椹而改音，詩稱其事。」 太祖雖銜其侮慢，然兵既須食，乃聽以椹當租。 逞又曰：「可使軍人及時自取，過時則落盡。」 太祖怒曰：「內賊未平，兵人安可解甲仗入林野而收椹乎？ 是何言歟！」 以中山未拔，故不加罪。 天興初，姚興侵司馬德宗襄陽戍，戍將郗恢馳使乞師於常山王遵，遵以聞。 太祖詔逞與張袞為遵書以答。 初，恢與遵書云：「賢兄虎步中原」，太祖以言悖君臣之體，敕逞、袞亦貶其主號以報之。 逞、袞乃云「貴主」。 太祖怒曰：「使汝貶其主以答，乃稱貴主，何若賢兄也！」 遂賜死。 後司馬德宗荊州刺史司馬休之等數十人為桓玄所逐，皆將來奔，至陳留南，分為二輩：一奔長安，一歸廣固。 太祖初聞休之等降，大悅，後怪其不至，詔兗州尋訪，獲其從者，問故，皆曰：「國家威聲遠被，是以休之等咸欲歸闕，及聞崔逞被殺，故奔二處。」 太祖深悔之。 自是士人有過者，多見優容。
While Emperor Taizu besieged Zhongshan without success, the six armies ran short of grain and the people hoarded their stores; he asked his ministers for a plan to obtain supplies. Cheng said, "Mulberries can supplement the grain supply. The Odes tell how the flying owl, eating mulberries, changes its cry—that is the precedent." The emperor resented the insolence, but with the army starving he allowed mulberries to be accepted in lieu of tax grain. Cheng added, "Let the soldiers gather them in season themselves—after the season they will all have fallen." The emperor thundered, "The rebels within are not yet crushed—how can soldiers lay down arms and wander the woods gathering mulberries? What kind of counsel is that!" Because Zhongshan had not yet fallen, he did not punish him—yet. Early in Tianxing, Yao Xing attacked the Jin garrison at Xiangyang under Sima Degong; the commander Xi Hui sent an urgent plea for reinforcements to the Prince of Changshan, Tuoba Zun, who reported it to court. Emperor Taizu ordered Cheng and Zhang Gun to draft the reply for Zun. Xi Hui's letter to Zun had called the Jin ruler Zun's "worthy elder brother" who "strides like a tiger across the Central Plains." The emperor judged this a breach of the proper form between sovereign and subject and ordered Cheng and Gun to demote the Jin ruler's title in the reply. Cheng and Gun wrote instead of "your honored lord." The emperor raged: "I told you to demote their sovereign in the reply, and you write 'honored lord'—how is that better than 'worthy elder brother'?" He was ordered to take his own life. Later dozens of Jin officials led by Sima Xiuzhi, Governor of Jing province under Sima Degong, were driven out by Huan Xuan and set out to defect to Wei. South of Chenliu they divided: one party went to Chang'an, the other to Guanggu. At first the emperor rejoiced to hear that Xiuzhi and his party were coming; when they failed to arrive he ordered a search in Yan province and questioned their attendants. All gave the same answer: "Your Majesty's renown reaches far, and every man among us wished to submit—until we heard that Cui Cheng had been executed; then we fled in two directions." The emperor was filled with remorse. After that, when scholars at court erred, the emperor usually showed forbearance.
47
逞七子，二子早亡，第三子義，義弟諲，諲弟禕，禕弟嚴，嚴弟賾。 [11]逞之內徙也，終慮不免，乃使其妻張氏與四子留冀州，令歸慕容德，遂奔廣固。 逞獨與小子賾在平城。 及逞之死，亦以此為譴。
Cheng had seven sons, of whom two died young. The five who survived were, from the third son on: Yi, then Shen, Yi, Yan, and Ze, each the next younger brother in turn. [11] When Cheng was transferred to the inner domains he feared he would not survive, sent his wife Lady Zhang and four sons back to Ji province to submit to Murong De, and himself fled to Guanggu. Cheng remained at Pingcheng with only his youngest son Ze. When Cheng was executed, this abandonment of his family was counted among his offenses.
48
賾，字泰沖。 初為太子洗馬，後稍遷散騎常侍，[12]賜爵清河侯，後世祖聞劉義隆以諲為冀州刺史，乃曰：「義隆知用其兄，我豈無冀州也。」 乃以賾為平東將軍、冀州刺史。 又為大鴻臚，持節策拜楊難當為南秦王。 奉使數返，光揚朝命，世祖善之。 及驃騎大將軍、樂平王丕等督諸軍取上邽，使賾齎詔於丕前喻難當奉詔。 後與方士韋文秀詣王屋山造金丹，不就。 真君初卒。 賾五子。
Ze, whose style name was Taichong. He began as preceptor in the heir apparent's household, rose to Regular Attendant of Scattered Cavalry, [12] and was enfeoffed as Marquis of Qinghe. When Emperor Shizu heard that Liu Yilong of Song had appointed Shen governor of Ji, he said, "Yilong knows how to use an elder brother—shall I have no governor for Ji?" He thereupon appointed Ze General Who Pacifies the East and Governor of Ji. He later served as Grand Herald and, bearing the imperial staff, invested Yang Nan Dang as King of Southern Qin. On repeated embassies he carried the court's authority abroad, and Emperor Shizu approved. When Grand General Who Quells Speed, the Prince of Leping Pi, and others commanded the armies to seize Shanggui, Ze was dispatched with an imperial edict to Pi's camp to instruct Nan Dang to submit. Later he joined the adept Wei Wenxiu on Mount Wangwu to seek the golden elixir, but failed. He died at the opening of the Zhenjun era. Ze fathered five sons.
49
長子秉，字公禮。 早終，無子。
His eldest son Bing, whose style name was Gongli. Bing died early and left no heir.
50
秉弟廣，字公淵，襲爵。 拜平東將軍。 子法度，早終。
Bing's younger brother Guang, styled Gongyuan, succeeded to the title. He received appointment as General Who Pacifies the East. Guang's son Fadu also died young.
51
廣弟軌，字公則。 太子中舍人、鎮南司馬。
Guang's younger brother Gui, whose style name was Gongze. He served as Attendant in the heir apparent's household and as chief administrator on the staff of the Army That Pacifies the South.
52
軌弟穆，字公和。 早終。
Gui's younger brother Mu, whose style name was Gonghe. Mu too died early.
53
穆弟叡，字哲，小字男季。 高祖初，以交通境外伏誅。 從兄景真以子思叔繼叡。
Mu's younger brother Rui, styled Zhe and known in youth as Nanji. In the first years of Emperor Gaozong's reign he was put to death for dealings across the border. His clansman Jingzhen had his son Sishu adopted to continue Rui's line.
54
思叔，少為中書學生，遷中書博士。 世宗時，歷上黨，鉅鹿太守。 自逞之死至叡之誅，三世積五十餘年而在北一門盡矣。
Sishu began as a student in the Secretariat Academy and rose to Secretariat Erudite. Under Emperor Shizong he held the governorships of Shangdang and Julu in succession. From Cheng's execution to Rui's, three generations and more than fifty years passed, and the northern line of the family was utterly extinguished.
55
初，三齊平，禕孫相如入國，以才學知名。 舉冀州秀才，早卒。 相如弟彧，在術藝傳。
After the Three Qi were conquered, Yi's grandson Xiangru came to Wei and won renown for scholarly talent. Recommended as a provincial candidate from Ji, he died young. Xiangru's younger brother Yu has his biography in the Treatise on Technical Arts.
56
逞兄適，[13]字寧祖，亦有名於時。 慕容垂尚書左丞，范陽、昌黎二郡太守。
Cheng's elder brother Shi, [13] whose style name was Ningzu, was likewise noted in his time. He served Murong Chui as Left Assistant in the Masters of Writing and later as governor of Fanyang and Changli.
57
適曾孫延壽，冀州主簿。 輕財好施，甚收鄉曲之譽。
Shi's great-grandson Yanshou served as chief recorder of Ji province. He spent freely and gave generously, and won wide praise in his neighborhood.
58
延壽子隆宗，簡率愛友，居喪以孝聞。 歷位冀州別駕，蘭陵、燕郡二郡太守，司空諮議參軍，冀州中正，中軍大將軍府長史。 仁信待物，出於至誠，故見重於世。 卒，贈前將軍。 齊州刺史，諡曰孝。
Yanshou's son Longzong was openhearted and devoted to his friends; his filial conduct in mourning was widely praised. He rose through the posts of personal assistant in Ji, governor of Lanling and Yanyun, consultative staff officer under the Minister of Works, Ji rectifier, and chief administrator on the staff of the Grand General of the Central Army. Humane and trustworthy to the depth of sincerity itself, he was held in high esteem by his contemporaries. He died and was posthumously made General of the Van. He was posthumously Governor of Qi, with the posthumous name Xiao.
59
子敬保，員外散騎侍郎、冀州儀同府從事中郎。 卒，贈冀州刺史。
His son Jingbao served as Outer Attendant of Scattered Cavalry and as staff attendant in the Ji Yitong office. At his death he was posthumously made Governor of Ji.
60
子子恒，官至征虜將軍、魯郡太守。 早卒。
His son Ziheng rose to General Who Conquers the Barbarians and Governor of Lu. Ziheng also died early.
61
子恒弟子安，冠軍將軍、西兗州司馬。
Ziheng's brother's son Zi'an served as General Who Establishes Might and chief administrator of Western Yan.
62
子安弟子昇，開府參軍。 武定中，坐連元瑾事，兄弟並伏法。
Zi'an's brother's son Zisheng served as a staff officer on a general's establishment. During Wuding they were executed along with their brothers in the affair tied to Yuan Jin.
63
封懿，字處德，勃海蓨人也。 曾祖釋，晉東夷校尉。 父放，慕容暐吏部尚書。 兄孚，慕容超太尉。 懿儁偉有才氣，能屬文，與孚雖器行有長短，然名位略齊。 仕慕容寶，位至中書令、民部尚書。 寶敗，歸闕，除給事黃門侍郎、都坐大官、寧朔將軍、章安子。 太祖數引見，問以慕容舊事。 懿應對疏慢，廢還家。 太宗初，復徵拜都坐大官，進爵為侯。 泰常二年卒。 懿撰燕書，頗行於世。
Feng Yi, whose style name was Chude, was from Tiao in Bohai commandery. His great-grandfather Shi had been Jin Colonel for the Eastern Yi. His father Fang served Murong Wei as Minister of Personnel. His elder brother Fu served Murong Chao as Grand Marshal. Yi was a striking figure of talent who could write well; he and Fu differed in stature and character, yet their renown and rank were much the same. He served Murong Bao as Secretariat Director and Minister of the Household. When Bao fell he submitted to Wei and was made Gentleman Attendant at the Yellow Gate, Grand Master of the Imperial Commissariat, General Who Pacifies the North, and Viscount of Zhang'an. Emperor Taizu often received him and asked about the former Yan court. Yi answered with careless disrespect and was dismissed to his home. At the start of Emperor Taizong's reign he was recalled as Grand Master of the Imperial Commissariat and raised to marquis. He died in the second year of the Taichang era. Yi wrote the Book of Yan, which enjoyed wide circulation.
64
子玄之，坐與司馬國璠、溫楷等謀亂，伏誅。 臨刑，太宗謂之曰：「終不令絕汝種也，將宥爾一子。」 玄之請曰：「弟虔之子磨奴，字君明，早孤，乞全其命。」 乃殺玄之四子，而赦磨奴。
His son Xuanzhi was executed for plotting rebellion with Sima Guofan, Wen Kai, and others. At execution Emperor Taizong told him, "I will not end your line; I shall spare one of your sons." Xuanzhi pleaded, "Spare my nephew Monu, styled Junming, Qian's orphaned son." They killed Xuanzhi's four sons and pardoned Monu.
65
磨奴被刑為宦人。 崔浩之誅也，世祖謂磨奴曰：「汝本應全，所以致刑者，事由浩之故。」 後為中曹監，西使張掖，賜爵富城子，加建威將軍、給事中。 久之，出為冠軍將軍、懷州刺史。 太和七年卒。 贈平東將軍、冀州刺史、勃海公，諡曰定。 以族子叔念為後，高祖賜名回。
Monu was castrated and made a palace eunuch. When Cui Hao fell, Emperor Shizu told Monu, "You should have been spared entirely; it was Hao's affair that brought your punishment." He later became Director of the Middle Palace Attendants, was sent west to Zhangye, was enfeoffed as Viscount of Fucheng, and was further made General Who Establishes Might and Attendant Within the Palace. After some years he was sent out as General Who Establishes Might and Governor of Huai. He died in the seventh year of the Taihe era. Posthumously he was General Who Pacifies the East, Governor of Ji, and Duke of Bohai, with posthumous name Ding. He took his clansman Shunian as heir, and Emperor Gaozong granted him the name Hui.
66
回父鑒，即慕容暐太尉弈之後也。 回，皇興初為中書學生。 襲爵富城子，累遷太子家令。 世宗即位，以回行華州事。 回在州鞭中散大夫党智孫，為尚書左丞韋績糾奏，[14]免。 尋除鎮遠將軍、安州刺史。 山民愿朴，父子賓旅，同寢一室。 回下車，勒令別處，其俗遂改。 徵為太尉長史，頻行定州、徐州事，尋除後將軍、汾州刺史。
Hui's father Jian descended from Murong Wei's Grand Marshal Yi. In the opening years of Huangxing, Hui enrolled as a student in the Secretariat Academy. He succeeded to the title of Viscount of Fucheng and rose to become Household Administrator of the Heir Apparent. When Emperor Shizong came to the throne, Hui was assigned to administer Huazhou. In office Hui had the Gentleman of Palace Attendance Dang Zhisun beaten; Left Assistant Wei Ji impeached him, [14] and he was dismissed. He was soon made General Who Pacifies the Distance and Governor of An. Among the mountain folk of Yuan Pu, fathers and sons, hosts and guests alike, slept in a single room. On taking office Hui ordered them to lodge apart, and the custom was changed. Recalled as chief administrator on the Grand Commander's staff, he repeatedly administered Ding and Xu; he was then made Rear General and Governor of Fen.
67
肅宗初，轉涼州刺史，加右將軍，固辭不拜，仍授平北將軍、瀛州刺史。 時大乘寇亂之後，加以水潦，百姓困乏。 回表求賑恤，免其兵調，州內甚賴之。 又為度支尚書。 尋轉都官尚書，冀州大中正。 滎陽鄭雲諂事長秋卿劉騰，貨騰紫纈四百匹，得為安州刺史。 除書旦出，暮往詣回，坐未定，謂回曰：「我為安州，卿知之否？ 彼土治生，何事為便？」 回答之曰：「卿荷國寵靈，位至方伯，雖不能拔園葵，去織婦，宜思方略以濟百姓，如何見造而問治生乎？ 封回不為商賈，何以相示。」 雲慚媿失色。
When Emperor Suzong took the throne he was transferred to Governor of Liang with the additional rank of Right General; he firmly declined, and was instead made General Who Pacifies the North and Governor of Ying. The province had suffered Mahayana rebellion and then flood; the people were destitute. Hui memorialized for relief and exemption from military levies, and the province relied heavily on him. He was next appointed Minister of Revenue. He was soon transferred to Minister of Justice and Great Rectifier of Ji. Zheng Yun of Xingyang fawned on Liu Teng, Director of the Long Autumn, and bought the governorship of An with four hundred bolts of purple gauze. His appointment came at dawn; that evening he called on Feng Hui and, before he had even sat down, said, "I have been made governor of An—did you know? What is the best way to turn a profit in that territory?" Hui replied, "You bear the state's grace and hold a frontier post; though you cannot, like Gongyi Xiu of old, uproot the mallows in your garden and send away your weaving women, you should aid the people—why on your first visit ask about private profit? Feng Hui is no merchant—what counsel could I give you?" Yun flushed with shame and went pale.
68
靈太后臨朝，召百官問得失，羣臣莫敢言。 回對曰：「昔孔丘為司寇，十日而誅少正卯，魯國肅然，欺巧自息。 姬旦行戮，不避兄弟，周道用隆。 徐偃專行仁義，其國乃滅。 自古及今，未有不厲威刑而能治者。 頃來頗由長吏寬怠，侵剝百姓，盜賊羣起。 請肅刑書，以懲未犯。」 太后意納之，而不能用。 轉為七兵尚書，領御史中尉。 尚書右僕射元欽與從父兄麗妻崔氏姦通，回乃劾奏，時人稱之。 除鎮東將軍、冀州刺史。
When Empress Dowager Ling took the regency she asked the assembled officials what was right and wrong in government, and none dared speak. Feng Hui answered, "When Confucius was Minister of Crime he executed Shaozheng Mao within ten days, and Lu became orderly—deceit withered away. The Duke of Zhou executed kin without favor, and the Zhou dynasty flourished. Xu Yan of Song relied on benevolence alone, and his state perished. From antiquity to the present, no ruler has governed well without stern punishments. Lately local officials have grown lax, preyed on the people, and bandits have risen everywhere. Make the penal code strict again, to deter crime before it happens." The empress dowager took his counsel to heart but could not act on it. He was made Minister of the Seven Armies and also served as Imperial Censor. When Vice Minister Yuan Qin committed adultery with his cousin Li's wife Lady Cui, Feng Hui impeached him, and contemporaries praised his integrity. He was made General Who Pacifies the East and Governor of Ji.
69
肅宗末，徵為殿中尚書，頻表遜職，以為右光祿大夫。 莊帝初，遇害於河陰，時年七十七。 贈侍中、車騎大將軍、司空公、定州刺史，諡曰孝宣。
Near the end of Emperor Suzong's reign he was recalled as Palace Minister but repeatedly asked to retire and was made Right Grand Master of Splendid Virtue. At the start of Emperor Zhuang's reign he was killed in the massacre at Heyin, aged seventy-seven. Posthumously he was Palace Attendant, Grand General of Chariots and Cavalry, Duke of Works, and Governor of Ding, with the posthumous name Xiaoxuan.
70
長子隆之，武定中，開府儀同三司、齊州刺史、安德郡開國公。
His eldest son Longzhi, during Wuding, held the rank of Commissioner Equal to the Three Ducal Ministers, was Governor of Qi, and was Duke of the State of Ande.
71
子子繪，武定中，勃海太守。
Zihui served as Governor of Bohai during Wuding.
72
隆之弟興之，字祖冑。 經明行修，恬素清靜。 起家太學博士，員外郎。 出為瀛冀二州平北府長史，所歷有當官之譽。 孝昌中卒。 天平中，追贈散騎常侍、撫軍將軍、雍州刺史。 尋重贈殿中尚書，諡曰文。 [15]
Longzhi's younger brother Xingzhi, whose style name was Zuzhou. He was versed in the classics and upright in conduct, living plainly and in quiet seclusion. He entered service as Erudite of the Imperial Academy and External Section Attendant. He was sent out as chief administrator of the Pacify-the-North headquarters for Ying and Ji provinces, earning a reputation in every office for discharging his duties well. He died during the Xiaochang era. Under Tianping he was posthumously made Regular Attendant at the Palace Secretariat, General Who Pacifies the Army, and Governor of Yong. Shortly afterward he received a further posthumous appointment as Minister in the Palace, with the posthumous name Wen. [15] Textual note: various editions read the posthumous name as Xiao rather than Wen; the Bei and Dian versions, the History of the Northern Dynasties, and the Tang genealogical tables all have Wen. The character Xiao here is likely a displaced character from the following line naming Xiaowan; the text follows the Bei and Dian versions.
73
子孝琬，字子倩。 [16]武定末，開府中郎。
His son Xiaowan, whose style name was Ziqian. [16] In the closing years of Wuding he served as Attendant in the General's Staff.
74
孝琬弟孝琰，祕書郎。
Xiaowan's younger brother Xiaoyan was a Secretary Gentleman.
75
興之弟延之，字祖業。 天平中，驃騎大將軍、青州刺史、[17]剡縣開國子。
Xingzhi's younger brother Yanzhi, whose style name was Zuye. During Tianping he held the titles of Grand General of Agile Cavalry, Governor of Qing, [17] and Viscount of Shan county.
76
磨奴既以回為後，請於顯祖，贈鑒寧遠將軍、滄水太守。
After Monu had adopted Hui as his heir, he asked Emperor Xianzu to posthumously grant Jian the rank of General of Distant Pacification and Administrator of Cangshui.
77
鑒長子琳，字彥寶。 顯祖末，本州表貢，拜中書博士。 高祖初，大軍南討，琳參鎮南軍事。 後為河南七州大使。 還，拜中書侍郎，與侍中、南平王馮誕等議定律令，賜布帛六百匹、粟六百石、馬牛各一。 遷太尉長史，轉司宗下大夫，有長者之稱。 行東兗州事。 及改定百官，除司空長史。 出為立忠將軍、南青州刺史、兼散騎常侍、持節、西道大使。 還為長兼太中大夫，轉廣平內史，又為光祿大夫。 世宗末，除後將軍、夏州刺史。 徵為安東將軍、光祿大夫。 神龜二年卒。 贈使持節、撫軍將軍、相州刺史。
Jian's eldest son Lin, whose style name was Yanbao. Near the end of Emperor Xianzu's reign the province submitted him as tribute, and he was appointed Erudite of the Secretariat. At the opening of Emperor Gaozong's reign, when the main force marched south on campaign, Lin served on the Pacify-the-South staff. He later served as envoy to the seven Henan provinces. Returning, he was made Gentleman in Attendance at the Secretariat and, with Palace Attendant Feng Dan, Prince of Nanping, and others, helped revise the laws and ordinances; he received six hundred bolts of cloth and silk, six hundred shi of grain, and one horse and one ox. He rose to chief administrator on the Grand Commander's staff, then to Lower Grand Master in the Directorate of Clans, and was known as a man of mature judgment. He was assigned to administer Eastern Yan province. When the bureaucracy was reorganized, he was made chief administrator to the Minister of Works. He was sent out as General Who Establishes Loyalty and Governor of Southern Qing, also serving as Regular Attendant at the Palace Secretariat, Bearer of the Staff, and envoy to the western circuit. Back at court he held the concurrent post of Senior Grand Master of the Palace, then became Internal Administrator of Guangping, and afterward Grand Master of Splendid Virtue. Near the end of Emperor Shizong's reign he was made Rear General and Governor of Xia. He was recalled as General Who Pacifies the East and Grand Master of Splendid Virtue. He died in the second year of the Shengui era. Posthumously he received the titles Bearer of the Staff, General Who Pacifies the Army, and Governor of Xiang.
78
子元稱，元稱弟子盛，並早卒。
His son Yuancheng and Yuancheng's nephew Sheng both died early.
79
子盛弟子施，武定末，沛郡太守。
Sheng's nephew Shi served as Administrator of Pei commandery in the closing years of Wuding.
80
琳子肅，在文苑傳。
Lin's son Su has his biography in the Treatise on Literary Masters.
81
懿從兄子愷，字思悌，弈之孫也。 父勸，慕容垂侍中、太常卿。 愷，給事黃門侍郎、散騎常侍。 後入代都，名出懿子玄之右，俱坐司馬氏事死。 愷妻，盧玄姊也。 愷子伯達棄母及妻李氏南奔河表，改婚房氏。 顯祖末，伯達子休傑內入，祖母盧猶存，垂百歲矣，而李已死。 休傑，高祖時以歸國勳為河間太守，兼冀州咸陽王府諮議參軍。
Feng Yi's cousin Kai, whose style name was Sibian, was a grandson of Murong Yi. His father Quan had served Murong Chui as Palace Attendant and Grand Minister of Ceremonies. Kai held the posts of Attendant in Attendance at the Yellow Gate and Regular Attendant at the Palace Secretariat. He later came to the capital at Dai, where his reputation outshone that of Yi's son Xuanzhi; both men were put to death in the Sima affair. Kai's wife was the elder sister of Lu Xuan. Kai's son Boda deserted his mother and his wife Lady Li and fled south of the Yellow River, taking a new wife from the Fang clan. Near the end of Emperor Xianzu's reign, Boda's son Xiujie returned to the north; his grandmother Lady Lu was still living, close to a hundred years old, though Lady Li was already dead. Xiujie, rewarded under Emperor Gaozong for returning to the dynasty, became Administrator of Hejian and concurrently advisory assistant in the Xianyang princedom of Ji.
82
休傑從弟靈祐，仕劉義隆為青州治中、勃海太守。 慕容白曜平三齊，靈祐率二百人詣白曜降，賜爵下密子。 後除建威將軍、勃海太守。 卒。
Xiujie's cousin Lingyou served under Liu Yilong as Administrator-in-Chief of Qing and Administrator of Bohai. After Murong Baiyao conquered the Three Qi, Lingyou brought two hundred men to Baiyao to submit; he was enfeoffed as Viscount of Xiami. He was later made General Who Establishes Might and Administrator of Bohai. At that he died.
83
子進壽，襲爵。 肅宗時，為揚州治中，以失義州為刺史元志所殺。 事具志傳。
His son Jinshou inherited the title. Under Emperor Suzong he served as Administrator-in-Chief of Yang and was slain by Governor Yuan Zhi after losing Yizhou. The full account appears in Yuan Zhi's biography.
84
子子游，武定中，開府中兵參軍。
His son Ziyou served during Wuding as Central Army Adjutant in the General's Staff.
85
進壽弟蚌，卒於冀州別駕。
Jinshou's younger brother Bang died in office as Administrator-in-Chief of Ji.
86
蚌弟粲，起家荊州長流參軍。 司空水曹參軍、殿中侍御史。 累遷征東將軍、廣州長史。 還，除光祿大夫。 卒，贈衞將軍、冀州刺史。
Bang's younger brother Can entered service as Long-term Staff Officer in Jing province. He served as staff officer in the Water Bureau of the Minister of Works and as Palace Attending Censor. He rose in turn to General Who Campaigns East and chief administrator of Guang province. Returning to court, he was made Grand Master of Splendid Virtue. He died and was posthumously made General of the Guard and Governor of Ji.
87
回族叔軌，字廣度。 沉謹好學，博通經傳。 與光祿大夫武邑孫惠蔚同志友善，惠蔚每推軌曰：「封生之於經義，非但章句可奇，其標明綱格，統括大歸，吾所弗如者多矣。」 善自修潔，儀容甚偉。 或曰：「學士不事修飾，此賢何獨如此？」 軌聞，笑曰：「君子整其衣冠，尊其瞻視，何必蓬頭垢面，然後為賢。」 言者慚退。
Feng Hui's clansman Gui, whose style name was Guangdu. Reserved and studious, he mastered the classics and their commentaries. He was of one mind and close friends with Sun Huiwei, Grand Master of Splendid Virtue of Wuyi. Huiwei often praised Gui, saying, "In classical learning Master Feng is extraordinary not merely in parsing the text; in setting out the governing principles and gathering up the larger meaning, I am his inferior in many respects. He took care in grooming himself, and his presence was striking. Someone remarked, "Men of learning do not fuss over their appearance—why does this worthy alone do so? Hearing this, Gui smiled and said, "A gentleman orders his dress and holds himself with dignity in the eyes of others—must one be disheveled and dirty to be called worthy? The critic withdrew, abashed.
88
太和中，拜著作佐郎，稍遷尚書儀曹郎中。 兼員外散騎常侍，銜命高麗。 高麗王雲恃其偏遠，稱疾不親受詔。 軌正色詰之，喻以大義，雲乃北面受詔。 先是，契丹虜掠邊民六十餘口，又為高麗擁掠東歸。 軌具聞其狀，移書徵之，雲悉資給遣還。 有司奏軌遠使絕域，不辱朝命，權宜曉慰，邊民來蘇，宜加爵賞。 世宗詔曰：「權宜徵口，使人常體，但光揚有稱，宜賞一階。」 轉考功郎中，除本郡中正。 勃海太守崔休入為吏部郎，以兄考事干軌。 軌曰：「法者，天下之平，不可以舊君故虧之也。」 休歎其守正。 軌在臺中，稱為儒雅。 奏請遣四門博士明經學者，檢試諸州學生。 詔從之。 尋除國子博士，加揚武將軍。 假通直散騎常侍，慰勞汾州山胡。
During Taihe he was made Assistant in the Bureau of Composition and gradually rose to Director in the Ceremonials Section of the Masters of Writing. Also serving as Acting Regular Attendant at the Palace Secretariat, he carried an imperial mission to Goguryeo. King Yun of Goguryeo, trusting in his distance from the court, pleaded illness and refused to receive the edict in person. Gui questioned him with stern countenance, set forth the larger principle, and Yun at last turned north to accept the edict. Previously the Khitan had raided the frontier and taken more than sixty subjects captive; Goguryeo had then seized them again as they traveled eastward. Gui learned the full circumstances, sent a formal demand, and Yun furnished supplies and sent every captive home. The responsible offices reported that on a distant mission to a far country Gui had upheld the imperial charge; by prudent measures he had reassured the people and restored life on the frontier, and merited promotion and reward. Emperor Shizong decreed, "Recovering captives by expedient means is an envoy's ordinary duty, yet because he has won repute for bringing honor to the court, he should receive one step of promotion." He was moved to Director in the Bureau of Merit Examinations and made Rectifier of his home commandery. Cui Xiu, Administrator of Bohai, came in as Director in the Ministry of Personnel and tried to influence Gui over his elder brother's merit review. Gui replied, "Law is the scale of the empire; it cannot be compromised for the sake of a former superior." Xiu admired his integrity. At the Secretariat Gui was regarded as a scholar of refinement. He submitted a memorial asking that Four Gates Erudites learned in the classics be dispatched to test provincial students. The emperor approved. He was soon made Erudite of the Imperial University with the additional title General Who Displays Might. As Acting Direct-and-Upright Regular Attendant at the Palace Secretariat, he was sent to comfort the Mountain Hu of Fen province.
89
司空、清河王懌表修明堂辟雍，詔百僚集議。 軌議曰：「明堂者，布政之宮，在國之陽，所以嚴父配天，聽朔設教，其經構之式，蓋已尚矣。 故周官匠人職云：夏后氏世室，殷人重屋，周人明堂，五室、九階、四戶、八窗。 鄭玄曰：『或舉宗廟，或舉王寢，或舉明堂，互之以見同制。』 然則三代明堂，其制一也。 案周與夏殷，損益不同，至於明堂，因而弗革，明五室之義，得天數矣。 是以鄭玄又曰：五室者，象五行也。 然則九階者，法九土； 四戶者，達四時； 八窗者，通八風。 誠不易之大範，有國之恒式。 若其上圓下方以則天地，通水環宮以節觀者，茅蓋白盛為之質飾，赤綴白綴為之戶牖，皆典籍所具載，制度之明義也。 在秦之世，焚滅五典，毀黜三代，變更先聖，不依舊憲。 故呂氏月令見九室之義，大戴之禮著十二堂之論。 漢承秦法，亦未能改，東西二京，俱為九室。 是以黃圖、白虎通，蔡邕、應劭等，咸稱九室以象九州，十二堂以象十二辰。 夫室以祭天，堂以布政。 依天而祭，故室不過五； 依時布政，故堂不踰四。 州之與辰，非所可法，九與十二，其用安在？ 今聖朝欲尊道訓民，備禮化物，宜則五室，以為永制。 至如廟學之嫌，臺沼之雜，袁準之徒已論正矣，遺論具在，不復須載。」
Minister of Works Yuan Yi, Prince of Qinghe, memorialized for the repair of the Bright Hall and Imperial Academy, and the court ordered the officials to meet in consultation. Gui argued, "The Bright Hall is the hall of governance, set in the state's southern aspect, where the ruler honors his father and joins Heaven, proclaims the new moon, and establishes teaching; the form of its construction has been revered since antiquity. The Craftsman's Office in the Rites of Zhou records: the Hall of the Xia, the Double-eaved Hall of the Yin, the Bright Hall of the Zhou—five chambers, nine steps, four doors, and eight windows. Zheng Xuan writes, 'Sometimes the ancestral temple is named, sometimes the royal quarters, sometimes the Bright Hall—by citing them in turn one sees a single institution.' Thus the Bright Halls of the Three Dynasties shared one design. Zhou altered many things that Xia and Yin had done, yet left the Bright Hall unchanged; the five chambers embody Heaven's number. Zheng Xuan also says the five chambers symbolize the Five Phases. The nine steps then take the Nine Lands as their model; the four doors open to the four seasons; the eight windows admit the eight winds. This is indeed a great and unchanging norm, the enduring form of a realm. That it should be round above and square below, taking Heaven and Earth as its model; that water should ring the palace to set bounds for viewers; that thatch and white earth should form its substance and red and white pendants its doors and windows—all this the classics record as the clear meaning of the institution. Under Qin the Five Classics were burned, the institutions of the Three Dynasties were cast aside, and the sages of old were replaced without regard to the ancient constitution. Hence Master Lü's Monthly Ordinances preserve the idea of nine chambers, and the Elder Dai's Rites advance the theory of twelve halls. Han took over Qin law and could not restore the ancient form; both the eastern and western capitals used nine chambers. The Yellow Chart, the White Tiger Hall discussions, Cai Yong, Ying Shao, and others all hold that nine chambers stand for the Nine Provinces and twelve halls for the twelve chronograms. Chambers serve Heaven in sacrifice; halls serve the realm in governance. Because sacrifice follows Heaven, chambers should be no more than five; because governance follows the seasons, halls should be no more than four. Provinces and chronograms are not proper models—of what use are nine and twelve? If the court now means to honor the Way, teach the people, complete the rites, and transform by culture, it should adopt five chambers as the permanent form. As for objections about combining temple and school or mixing terraces with ponds, Yuan Zhun and others have already refuted them; those earlier arguments remain on record and need not be repeated here."
90
尋以本官行東郡太守。 遷前軍將軍、行夏州事。 好立條教，所在有績。 轉太子僕，遷廷尉少卿，加征虜將軍。 卒，贈右將軍、濟州刺史。
Shortly afterward he acted as Administrator of Eastern Commandery while retaining his court rank. He was promoted to Forward General and assigned to administer Xia province. He was fond of laying down clear rules and instructions, and wherever he served he left a record of accomplishment. He was made Palace Steward of the Heir Apparent, then Vice Director of the Court of Judicial Review, with the additional title General Who Subdues the Barbarians. He died and was posthumously made Right General and Governor of Ji.
91
初，軌深為郭祚所知，祚常謂子景尚曰：「封軌、高綽二人，並幹國之才，必應遠至。 吾平生不妄進舉，而每薦此二公，非直為國進賢，亦為汝等將來之津梁也。」 其見重如此。 軌既以方直自業，高綽亦以風概立名。 尚書令高肇拜司徒，綽送迎往來，軌竟不詣。 綽顧不見軌，乃遽歸，曰：「吾一生自謂無愆規矩，今日舉措，不如封生遠矣。」 軌以務德慎言，修身之本，姦回讒佞，世之巨害，乃為務德、慎言、遠佞、防姦四戒，文多不載。
From early on Gui won the deep esteem of Guo Zuo, who often told his son Jing Shang, "Feng Gui and Gao Chuo are both men of state-building talent; they are bound to rise far. In all my years I have never promoted anyone lightly, yet I have repeatedly recommended these two gentlemen—not only to advance worthy men for the realm, but also to lay down a bridge for your future. Such was the esteem in which he was held. Gui had built his career on square dealing and integrity, and Gao Chuo too had made his name through force of character. When Gao Zhao, Chief Minister of State Affairs, was appointed Grand Minister of Education, Chuo attended every ceremony of farewell and welcome—but Gui never went at all. Chuo looked about and, not seeing Gui, hurried home. "All my life I have believed myself without breach of propriety," he said, "but in today's conduct I am far behind Master Feng. Gui held that cultivating virtue and guarding one's words were the foundations of personal conduct, while treachery, slander, and flattery were the great plagues of the age. He therefore wrote four admonitions—on striving in virtue, caution in speech, keeping flatterers at a distance, and guarding against treachery—but most of the text is not preserved.
92
軌長子偉伯，字君良。 博學有才思，弱冠除太學博士，每朝廷大議，偉伯皆預焉。 雅為太保崔光、僕射游肇所知賞。 太尉、清河王懌辟參軍事，懌親為孝經解詁，命偉伯為難例九條，皆發起隱漏。 偉伯又討論禮、傳、詩、易疑事數十條，儒者咸稱之。 尋將經始明堂，廣集儒學，議其制度。 九五之論，久而不定。 偉伯乃搜檢經緯，上明堂圖說六卷。 正光末，尚書僕射蕭寶夤以為關西行臺郎。 及寶夤為逆，偉伯乃與南平王冏潛結關中豪右韋子粲等謀舉義兵。 事發見殺，年三十六，時人惜之。 永安中，追贈散騎常侍、征虜將軍、瀛州刺史，聽一子出身。 偉伯無子，轉授第三弟翼。 偉伯撰封氏本錄六卷，并詩賦碑誄雜文數十篇。
Gui's eldest son Wei Bo, whose style name was Junliang. Learned and gifted in composition, he was appointed Erudite of the Imperial University at twenty and took part in every major court deliberation. Grand Tutor Cui Guang and Vice Director You Zhao held him in particular esteem. Grand Commandant Yuan Yi, Prince of Qinghe, recruited him as a staff officer. When the prince personally wrote a commentary on the Classic of Filial Piety, he asked Wei Bo to propose nine difficult cases, each of which exposed points the commentary had passed over in silence. Wei Bo also addressed several dozen disputed questions in the Rites, the Commentary, the Odes, and the Changes, and scholars everywhere praised his work. Before long the court planned to begin work on the Bright Hall, and scholars were summoned from far and wide to debate its design. The dispute over the nine-and-five arrangement dragged on without resolution. Wei Bo combed the classics and their apocrypha and submitted six fascicles of illustrated explanations of the Bright Hall. At the end of the Zhenguang era, Vice Director Xiao Baoyin made him an attendant in the Western Branch Office of Guanxi. When Baoyin turned rebel, Wei Bo secretly joined Prince of Nanping Yuan Tong and Guanzhong magnates including Wei Zican in a plan to raise loyalist forces. The plot was discovered and he was executed at the age of thirty-six; contemporaries mourned his loss. During Yong'an he was posthumously made Regular Attendant at the Palace Secretariat, General Who Subdues the Barbarians, and Governor of Ying, and one son was granted entry into official service. Wei Bo left no son, so the privilege passed to his third brother Yi. Wei Bo wrote six fascicles of the Basic Record of the Feng Clan, along with several dozen poems, rhapsodies, stele inscriptions, dirges, and other essays.
93
偉伯弟業，字君脩。 奉朝請，領殿中侍御史。 早卒。
Wei Bo's younger brother Ye, whose style name was Junxiu. He served as Court Gentleman for Regular Attendance and concurrently as Palace Attending Censor. He died young.
94
業弟翼，字君贊。 美容貌，腰帶十圍。 以兄偉伯立節之勳，除給事中。 後加揚烈將軍。 武定初卒。
Ye's younger brother Yi, whose style name was Junzan. Handsome in appearance, with a waist so thick the belt wrapped ten times around it. On account of his elder brother Wei Bo's merit in dying for principle, he was made Attendant Within the Yellow Gates. He was later given the additional title General Who Raises Morale. He died at the start of the Wuding era.
95
翼弟述，字君義。 武定末，廷尉少卿。
Yi's younger brother Shu, whose style name was Junyi. At the end of Wuding he served as Vice Director of the Court of Judicial Review.
96
述弟詢，字景文。 尚書起部郎。
Shu's younger brother Xun, whose style name was Jingwen. He served as Registrar of the Department of State Affairs.
97
史臣曰：高敬侯才鑒明遠，見機而作，身名俱劭，世載人英，天所贊也。 崔逞文學器識，當年之俊，慮遠忽微，俱以為禍。 賾有茲休烈，厥世不延。 封懿獲全為幸，回乃克光家，世不乏人矣。
The historian writes: Marquis Jing of Gao possessed keen judgment and foresight; he seized the moment and acted, winning glory in life and in name. His house produced men of excellence generation after generation—a blessing from Heaven. Cui Cheng combined literary brilliance with real insight and stood among the foremost men of his day, yet his far-reaching schemes overlooked small dangers—and both failings proved fatal. Ze achieved such distinction, yet his line did not endure. Feng Yi was fortunate to survive with his life intact, while Hui was able to bring honor to the clan—the Feng family never lacked worthy men.
98
校勘記
Collation Notes
99
漢太傅裒之後錢氏考異卷二八云：「唐書宰相世系表 〈卷七一下〉 後漢渤海太守高洪，居渤海蓨縣，『四世孫裒，字宣仁，太子太傅』，此即湖之祖也。 此『太傅』上當有『太子』二字。 漢時太傅為上公，除授者甚少，安得『高裒』其人乎？」 按這種祖先官爵大抵據子孫所編的譜牒，多不可信。 不僅漢無官居太傅的高裒，連「太子太傅」也難究詰。
Regarding "descendant of Grand Tutor Bao of Han": Qian's Textual Variants, juan 28, states, "The Tables of Chancellors' Lineages in the Tang History 〈Juan 7, Part B〉 records that Gao Hong, Administrator of Bohai in Later Han, lived in Tiao county, Bohai: "fourth-generation descendant Bao, styled Xuanren, Grand Tutor of the Heir Apparent"—this is the ancestor of Gao Hu. The two characters "Heir Apparent" must have stood before "Grand Tutor." In Han times Grand Tutor was a supreme dignity rarely conferred—how could a man named Gao Bao have held it?" Such ancestral offices and ranks were mostly drawn from genealogies compiled by later descendants and are largely unreliable. Not only is there no record of a Gao Bao who served as Grand Tutor in Han, but even the title Grand Tutor of the Heir Apparent cannot be verified.
100
天安中張森楷云：「據下云『高宗深重之』，『天安』是顯祖 〈拓跋弘〉 年號。 疑『天安』為『太安』之誤。 『太安』是高宗 〈拓跋濬〉 第三年號。」
Regarding "in Tian'an": Zhang Senkai writes, "The passage below says 'Emperor Gaozong held him in deep esteem'—'Tian'an' is the reign era of Emperor Xianzu 〈Tuoba Hong〉 reign era. I suspect "Tian'an" is a corruption of "Tai'an." "Tai'an" is the reign era of Emperor Gaozong 〈Tuoba Jun〉 third reign era."
101
追贈使持節侍中都督青徐齊濟兗五州諸軍事 〈至〉 青州刺史諸本上「青」字作「壽」。 錢氏考異卷二八云：「『壽』當作『青』，地形志無壽州。」 按錢說是，所贈刺史是青州，都督諸州的第一州照例為所任刺史之州。 今改正。
Posthumously granted Bearer of the Staff, Palace Attendant, and supreme command over all military affairs in Qing, Xu, Qi, Ji, and Yan 〈through〉 Governor of Qing province: various editions read "qing" as "shou." Qian's Textual Variants, juan 28, states, "'Shou' should read 'qing'; the Treatise on Geography lists no Shou province." Qian is correct: the posthumous governorship was Qing, and the first province listed among those commanded is by convention the province in which the appointee served as governor. The text is corrected accordingly.
102
何往非善冊府卷八九五 〈一０五九三頁〉 「往」作「知」。 按鄰伍是勸他遷居，不是阻他遷居或出行，「往」字答非所問。 疑作「知」是。
Regarding "where one goes is not ungood": Cefu, juan 895 〈page 10593〉 reads "go" (wang) as "know" (zhi). The neighbors were urging him to move, not trying to stop him from moving or traveling; "go" does not answer the question at hand. "Know" is probably the correct reading.
103
子嶽武定末侍中太傅公按北齊書卷一三清河王岳傳武定六年除太尉，至高洋稱帝後，天保五年，進太保。 他從未為太傅，「傅」字當是「尉」之訛。
Regarding "Yue, at the end of Wuding, Attendant-in-Ordinary and Grand Tutor": the biography of Prince of Qinghe Yue in Beiqishu, juan 13, records that in Wuding year 6 he was made Grand Commandant, and after Gao Yang proclaimed himself emperor, in Tianbao year 5 he was promoted to Grand Guardian. He never served as Grand Tutor; "tutor" (fu) is a corruption of "commandant" (wei).
104
〈闕〉 帶金城太守神龜初卒原文上不注「闕」字，和上文「卒贈龍驤將軍、涇州刺史」句相連，不提行。 按前已記「卒」，下又說「神龜初卒」，哪有一人「卒」二次之理！ 且金城郡屬河州，不屬涇州 〈見卷一０六下地形志下〉 ，不可能以涇州刺史帶金城太守。 又北魏帶太守的例為州之長史、別駕和戍主，刺史也不會有「帶太守」是名號。 因知此處所述實是二人。 所云「卒，贈龍驤將軍、涇州刺史」者是高真，其「帶金城太守，神龜初卒」者乃另一人，傳脫去其名和歷官事迹，和上文相連，以致語不可解。 今提行上注「闕」字。 參下校記[八]。
〈Lacuna〉 Concurrent Administrator of Jincheng, died at the beginning of Shengui: the original text does not mark a lacuna above but runs this phrase together with the preceding "died; posthumously made General of Flying Dragons and Governor of Jing" without a line break. "Died" is already recorded above, and below we read "died at the beginning of Shengui"—surely one man cannot die twice! Moreover Jincheng commandery belonged to He province, not Jing 〈see Treatise on Geography, Part B, juan 106〉 ; a Governor of Jing could not concurrently hold the post of Administrator of Jincheng. In Northern Wei, concurrent administrator titles were normally held by a province's chief administrator, administrator-in-chief, or garrison commander—not by a governor; "concurrent administrator" is not a governor's title. This passage therefore describes two different men. "Died; posthumously made General of Flying Dragons and Governor of Jing" refers to Gao Zhen; "concurrent Administrator of Jincheng, died at the beginning of Shengui" refers to another man whose name and career have dropped out of the biography and been run together with the preceding text, leaving the passage unintelligible. A line break is introduced here and the lacuna is marked above. See collation note [8] below.
105
永興末按「永興」乃拓跋嗣年號 〈四０八－四一三〉 ，後來元脩曾改元永興 〈五三二〉 ，旋即發覺重了上代年號，又改「永熙」。 元脩的「永興」，不過幾天，談不上「初」或「末」。 上文稱貫父仁死於正光中 〈五一九－五二四〉 ，這裏「永興」當是「永熙」之訛。
Regarding "at the end of Yongxing": "Yongxing" was the reign era of Tuoba Si 〈408–413〉 ; later Yuan Xiu briefly adopted Yongxing as an era name 〈532〉 , but soon found that it duplicated an earlier reign era and changed it to "Yongxi." Yuan Xiu's "Yongxing" lasted only a few days, so "beginning" or "end" cannot apply. The passage above states that Guan's father Ren died during Zhenguang 〈519–524〉 ; "Yongxing" here must be a corruption of "Yongxi."
106
拔弟䐗兒諸本於䐗兒傳末有宋人校語云：「傳無拔事，而載拔弟䐗兒，不知拔何人也。」 〈殿本入考證，未說明出於宋人校語。〉 按上文「帶金城太守，神龜初卒」者當即是拔。 其人應是高真子，高仁父。 據下文，䐗兒孫永樂。 永樂，北齊書卷一四有傳，乃高歡從祖兄子，則其祖䐗兒、伯祖拔乃高歡伯叔輩。 高真是高歡伯祖 〈歡祖謐之兄〉 ，其子正應為歡之伯叔，輩行相當。 因疑上文「涇州刺史」下脫去「子拔」和歷官事迹，只殘留「帶金城太守，神龜初卒」九字。 正因拔在河州任官，故拔子仁亦為河州別駕，而拔弟徽後來被河州當地士夫推為「行河州事」以抗變亂軍，情事亦合。
Regarding "Ba's younger brother Zher'er": at the end of Zher'er's biography various editions carry a Song-dynasty collation note: "The biography records nothing about Ba, yet gives an account of Ba's younger brother Zher'er—who Ba was remains unknown." 〈The Dian edition includes this in its textual verification without identifying it as a Song-dynasty collation note.〉 The man described above as "concurrent Administrator of Jincheng, died at the beginning of Shengui" is probably Ba. He was likely the son of Gao Zhen and father of Gao Ren. According to the text below, Zher'er's grandson was Yongle. Yongle has a biography in Beiqishu, juan 14; he was the son of Gao Huan's elder cousin, so his grandfather Zher'er and great-uncle Ba belonged to the same generation as Gao Huan's father and uncles. Gao Zhen was Gao Huan's great-uncle 〈elder brother of Huan's grandfather Shi〉 ; his sons would properly rank as Huan's father's uncles—the generations align. I therefore suspect that after "Governor of Jing province" the text originally read "son Ba" and gave his career, but only the nine characters "concurrent Administrator of Jincheng, died at the beginning of Shengui" survive. Because Ba served in He province, his son Ren became Administrator-in-Chief of He, and his younger brother Hui was later chosen by local gentry in He to "administer the affairs of He province" against rebel troops—all of which fits.
107
顯國弟達武定中驃騎將軍行滄州事墓誌集釋有高建墓誌 〈圖版三０九〉 ，稱曾祖湖，祖拔，父猛。 敍高建的終官為「行滄州事」。 誌之拔即此傳之高湖子、高達祖各拔。 〈非「拔弟䐗兒」之拔，一為湖子，一為湖孫，各拔乃鮮卑名，不嫌伯姪同名。〉 誌之猛即傳之高達父猛虎。 世次終官均合，故集釋七以為傳「達」字為「建」之訛。 按墓誌集釋又有高建妻王氏誌 〈圖版三一０之二〉 稱建為「神武皇帝再從弟」，與傳所敍高達的行輩也相符，集釋說是。
Regarding "Xiangguo's younger brother Da, in Wuding General of Agile Cavalry administering Cang province": the Epitaph Collection and Interpretation includes the epitaph of Gao Jian 〈Plate 309〉 ; it names his great-grandfather Hu, grandfather Ba, and father Meng. The epitaph gives Gao Jian's last post as "Administering the Affairs of Cang Province." The Ba named in the epitaph is Gao Hu's son and Gao Da's grandfather in this biography—both men were named Ba. 〈This is not the Ba of "Ba's younger brother Zher'er"; one is Hu's son and the other Hu's grandson. Ba was a Xianbei personal name, so there is no difficulty with uncle and nephew bearing the same name.〉 The Meng in the epitaph is Gao Da's father, Meng Hu ("Fierce Tiger"), in this biography. The generational sequence and final office all match, so Jishi 7 takes the biography's "Da" as a corruption of "Jian." The Epitaph Collection and Interpretation also includes the epitaph of Gao Jian's wife, Lady Wang 〈Plate 310, no. 2〉 It identifies Jian as "second cousin once removed of Emperor Shenwu," which matches the generational standing ascribed to Gao Da in the biography—Jishi's reading is correct.
108
沃野鎮長按「長」下疑脫「史」字，或「長」是「將」之訛。
Regarding "Chief of Woye Garrison": the character "shi" (administrator) may have dropped out after "Chief," or "Chief" may be a corruption of "General."
109
嚴弟賾南本以下諸本及北史卷二四崔逞傳「賾」都作「頤」，獨百衲本作「賾」。 又卷二四崔玄伯附崔模傳、卷三五崔浩傳、卷一０一氐傳 〈補〉 並作「頤」，唯卷四上世祖紀上延和二年九月戊午條作「賾」。 按墓誌集釋盧令媛墓誌 〈圖版三七〉 稱曾祖度世，「夫人清河崔氏，父賾，散騎常侍、大鴻臚卿、使持節、平東將軍、青冀二州刺史、清河侯」。 歷官、封爵與此傳相符。 知百衲本作「賾」獨是，今從之。 以下他處訛「頤」均據改，不再出校記。
Regarding "Yan's younger brother Ze": the Southern edition and later editions, as well as the biography of Cui Cheng in Bei Shi, juan 24, all read "Yi" instead of "Ze"; only the Baona edition preserves "Ze." The same reading appears in the appended biography of Cui Mo under Cui Xuanbo and the biographies of Cui Hao and the Di people in juan 24, juan 35, and juan 101 〈text supplied〉 All give "Yi" except the entry for the wuwu day of the ninth month of Yanhe 2 in the Annals of Emperor Shizu, Part A (juan 4), which reads "Ze." According to the epitaph of Lu Lingyuan in the Epitaph Collection and Interpretation 〈Plate 37〉 It names her great-grandfather Dushi and records: "Lady Cui of Qinghe; her father Ze served as Attendant-in-Ordinary of the Scattered Riders, Grand Master for Splendid Happiness, Bearer of the Staff with Extraordinary Powers, General Who Pacifies the East, Regional Inspector of Qing and Ji provinces, and Marquis of Qinghe." The offices and titles recorded there match this biography. Only the Baona reading "Ze" is correct; I adopt it here. All other occurrences of the erroneous "Yi" are corrected on the same basis without further collation notes.
110
後稍遷散騎常侍諸本「常侍」作「尚書」，北史卷二四作「常侍」。 按「散騎尚書」不知是散騎侍郎還是散騎常侍，尚書也不知何曹，魏書敍歷官一般不作如此簡稱，檢盧令媛墓誌記崔賾官位也作「散騎常侍」，別無尚書的記載 〈見上條校記〉。 知「尚書」乃「常侍」之訛，今據北史改。
Regarding "Later he was gradually promoted to Attendant-in-Ordinary of the Scattered Riders": most editions read "Secretary" for "Attendant," but Bei Shi, juan 24, has "Attendant." "Secretary of the Scattered Riders" is ambiguous—it could mean either Attendant Gentleman or Attendant-in-Ordinary of the Scattered Riders, and the bureau is unclear. The Wei Shu rarely abbreviates offices in this way. Lu Lingyuan's epitaph likewise records Cui Ze as Attendant-in-Ordinary of the Scattered Riders, with no mention of Secretary 〈see the collation note above〉 "Secretary" is clearly a corruption of "Attendant"; I emend according to Bei Shi.
111
逞兄適北史卷二四「適」作「遹」。 張森楷云：「據其字『寧祖』，似以作『遹』為是。」 按「遹」有紹述、繼承之義，張說是。
Regarding "Cheng's elder brother Shi": Bei Shi, juan 24, reads "Yu" for "Shi." Zhang Senkai observed: "Given his style name Ningzu, 'Yu' appears to be the correct reading." Zhang's reasoning holds: "Yu" carries the sense of carrying on and inheriting.
112
諡曰文百衲本、南本、汲本、局本「文」作「孝」，汲、局二本下注「一作『文』」。 北、殿二本及北史卷二四封懿傳附見封興之作「文」。 按唐書卷七一下宰相世系表也作「文」。 這裏「孝」字當是下行「孝琬」的「孝」字錯簡而誤，今從北、殿本。
Regarding the posthumous title Wen: the Baona, Southern, Ji, and Bureau editions read Xiao instead; the Ji and Bureau editions add a note reading "also written Wen." The Northern and Dian editions, as well as the mention of Feng Xing in the appended biography of Feng Yi in Bei Shi, juan 24, read Wen. The Tables of Prime Ministers in Tang Shu, juan 71, Part B, likewise read Wen. The character Xiao here was probably displaced from Xiaowan in the next line; I follow the Northern and Dian editions.
113
子孝琬字子倩百衲本、南本、汲本無「孝」字，北本、殿本及北史卷二四封懿傳附孝琬有，又「子倩」作「士倩」。 按北齊書卷二一封隆之傳作「孝琬字子倩」。 此傳百衲等本孝琬的「孝」字錯簡在上行，今從北、殿本。 又下文「孝琬弟孝琰」，上「孝」字，百衲等本訛作「子」，也從北、殿本。 孝琬之字則北齊書也作「子倩」，今從百衲等本。
Regarding "His son Xiaowan, style name Ziqian": the Baona, Southern, and Ji editions omit Xiao, while the Northern and Dian editions and the biography of Xiaowan in Bei Shi, juan 24, include it; some texts read Shiqian for Ziqian. Beiqishu, juan 21, biography of Feng Longzhi, gives "Xiaowan, style name Ziqian." In the Baona and related editions, Xiaowan's Xiao was displaced into the line above; I follow the Northern and Dian editions. Likewise, in "Xiaowan's younger brother Xiaoyan" below, the Baona and related editions wrongly read Zi for the first Xiao; I follow the Northern and Dian editions there as well. For Xiaowan's style name, Beiqishu agrees on Ziqian; I follow the Baona and related editions.
114
天平中驃騎大將軍青州刺史按北齊書卷二一封隆之附封延之傳，興和初 〈五三九〉 才除中堅將軍，豈有天平中 〈五三四－五三八〉 先已官驃騎大將軍之理？ 北齊書稱興和二年，延之死後贈驃騎大將軍，此或是舉贈官，而年號有誤。 又延之先是「行晉州事」，贈官是「冀州刺史」，此云「青州刺史」，也不合。
Regarding "General of Agile Cavalry and Regional Inspector of Qing in the Tianping era": according to the biography of Feng Yanzhi appended to Feng Longzhi in Beiqishu, juan 21, at the beginning of Xinghe 〈539〉 Feng Yanzhi had only just been appointed General of the Center Army—how could he already have held office in the Tianping era 〈534–538〉 already served as General of Agile Cavalry? Beiqishu records that in Xinghe 2, after Yanzhi's death, he was posthumously granted General of Agile Cavalry—the passage may refer to his posthumous title, but the era name is wrong. Moreover, Yanzhi had earlier administered Jin province, and his posthumous title was Regional Inspector of Ji—yet this passage names him Regional Inspector of Qing, which also does not agree.