1
趙琰長孫慮乞伏保孫益德董洛生楊引閻元明吳悉達王續生李顯達張昇倉跋王崇郭文恭
Zhao Yan, Zhangsun Lu, Qifu Bao, Sun Yide, Dong Luosheng, Yang Yin, Yan Yuanming, Wu Xida, Wang Xusheng, Li Xianda, Zhang Sheng, Cang Ba, Wang Chong, and Guo Wengong
2
經云「孝，德之本」，「孝悌之至，通於神明」。 此蓋生人之大者。 淳風既遠，世情雖薄，孔門有以責衣錦，詩人所以思素冠。 且生盡色養之天，終極哀思之地，若乃誠達泉魚，感通鳥獸，事匪常倫，斯蓋希矣。 至如溫床扇席，灌樹負土，時或加人，咸為度俗，今書趙琰等以孝感為目焉。
The classics say that filial piety is the root of virtue, and that the utmost filial piety and fraternal duty reach through to the spirits. This is surely among the greatest concerns of human life. Pure custom has long since faded and worldly feeling has grown thin, yet Confucius's disciples had cause to reproach one who comes home in brocade, and the poets therefore pine for the plain mourning cap. In life one has the span in which to serve parents with full devotion; at the end one reaches the ground of deepest mourning. When sincerity moves fish in the springs or touches birds and beasts, such things fall outside ordinary norms and are exceedingly rare. Matters such as warming the bed, fanning the mat, watering trees, and carrying earth on one's back sometimes surpass ordinary men, yet all serve to gauge custom. This book therefore treats Zhao Yan and the others under the heading of responsive filial piety.
3
趙琰，字叔起，天水人。 父溫為楊難當司馬。 初，苻氏亂，琰為乳母攜奔壽春，年十四乃歸。 孝心色養，飪熟之節，必親調之。 皇興中，京師儉，婢簡粟糶之，琰遇見切責，敕留輕粃。 嘗送子應冀州娉室，從者於路偶得一羊，[2]行三十里而琰知之，令送於本處。 又過路傍，主人設羊羹，琰訪知盜殺，卒辭不食。 遣人買耜刃，得剩六耜，即令送還刃主。 刃主高之，義而不受，琰命委之而去。 初為兗州司馬，轉團城鎮副將。 還京，為淮南王他府長史。 時禁制甚嚴，不聽越關葬於舊兆。 琰積三十餘年，不得葬二親。 及蒸嘗拜獻，未曾不嬰慕卒事。 每於時節，不受子孫慶賀。 年餘耳順，而孝思彌篤。 慨歲月推移，遷窆無期，乃絕鹽粟，斷諸滋味，食麥而已。 年八十卒。 遷都洛陽，遷都洛陽，子應等乃還鄉葬焉。
Zhao Yan, courtesy name Shuq, was from Tianshui. His father Wen served as marshal under Yang Nanang. When the Fu clan fell into chaos, Yan was carried off to Shouchun by his wet nurse and did not return until he was fourteen. He served his parents with filial devotion and attentive care for their comfort; whenever food was cooked and ready, he always seasoned it himself. During the Huangxing period, when the capital was in want, a servant winnowed grain to sell. Yan happened upon her and rebuked her sharply, ordering her to leave only the light chaff. Once, while escorting his son Ying to Jizhou to fetch a bride, a follower on the road happened to obtain a sheep. After they had gone thirty li Yan learned of it and ordered the sheep returned to its owner. On another occasion he passed a roadside inn whose host served mutton broth. Yan learned the sheep had been stolen and slaughtered, and at once declined to eat. He sent someone to buy plowshares and received six extra shares in the bargain; he immediately had them returned to the owner. The owner held him in esteem and on principle refused to take them back; Yan ordered the shares left with him and departed. He first served as marshal of Yanzhou, then was transferred to deputy commandant of Tuncheng garrison. On returning to the capital he became chief clerk in the household of Prince Huainan Tuo. At that time restrictions were very strict, and burial at the old family tombs across the frontier was not permitted. For more than thirty years Yan could not bury his two parents. At every seasonal offering and sacrifice, when the rites were finished he was never free of overwhelming grief. At each festival season he would not accept congratulations from his descendants. Though he was past sixty, his filial thoughts grew only more earnest. Lamenting the passage of years and that reinterment had no fixed date, he gave up salt and grain, cut off all other flavors, and ate only wheat. He died at the age of eighty. After the capital was moved to Luoyang, Ying and his brothers were at last able to return home and bury their parents.
4
應弟煦，字賓育。 好音律，以善歌聞於世。 位秦州刺史。
Ying's younger brother Xu, courtesy name Binyu. He loved music and was renowned throughout the realm for his fine singing. He rose to the post of governor of Qinzhou.
5
長孫慮，代人也。 母因飲酒，其父真呵叱之，誤以杖擊，便即致死。 真為縣囚執，處以重坐。 慮列辭尚書云：「父母忿爭，本無餘惡。 直以謬誤，一朝橫禍。 今母喪未殯，父命旦夕。 慮兄弟五人，並各幼稚。 慮身居長，今年十五，有一女弟，始向四歲，更相鞠養，不能保全。 父若就刑，交墜溝壑，乞以身代老父命，使嬰弱眾孤得蒙存立。」 尚書奏云：「慮於父為孝子，於弟為仁兄。 尋究情狀，特可矜感。」 高祖詔特恕其父死罪，以從遠流。
Zhangsun Lu was a man of Dai. His mother had been drinking when his father Zhen scolded her; he mistakenly struck her with his staff and killed her on the spot. Zhen was seized as a county prisoner and sentenced to a heavy punishment. Lu submitted a petition to the Ministry of Works, saying: "When parents quarrel in anger, there is originally no deep malice. It was only through a mistake that disaster struck in a single morning. Now my mother's body lies unburied, and my father's life hangs by a thread. Lu and his five brothers are each still young. I, Lu, am the eldest, fifteen this year, with one younger sister who has just turned four. If we must raise one another, we cannot keep everyone alive. If my father goes to execution, we will all fall into ditches and ravines. I beg to die in my aged father's place, so that the infants and many orphans may be allowed to live. The Ministry reported: "Lu is a filial son toward his father and a benevolent elder brother toward his younger brothers. On examining the circumstances, he is especially deserving of pity and compassion. Emperor Gaozu decreed that his father's capital crime be specially pardoned and commuted to exile in a distant region.
6
乞伏保，高車部人也。 父居，顯祖時為散騎常侍，領牧曹尚書，賜爵寧國侯。 以忠謹慎密，常在左右，出內詔命。 賜宮人河南宗氏，亡後，賜以宮人申氏，宋太子左率申坦兄女也。 歲餘，居卒，申撫養伏保。 性嚴肅，捶罵切至，而伏保奉事孝謹，初無恨色。 襲父侯爵，例降為伯。 稍遷左中郎將。 每請祿賜，在外公私尺丈所用，無不白知。 出為鄯善鎮將。 [3]申年餘八十，伏保手製馬輿，親自扶接，申欣然隨之。 申亡，伏保解官，奉喪還洛。 復為長，兼南中郎將，卒。
Qifu Bao was a man of the Gaoche tribes. His father Ju, in Emperor Xianzu's reign, was Regular Attendant and head of the Pasturage and Herds Office of the Ministry, and was enfeoffed as Marquis of Ning. Because of his loyalty, prudence, and discretion he was always at the emperor's side, conveying all edicts within and without. He was granted the palace woman Zong of Henan. After her death he was granted the palace woman Shen, daughter of Shen Tan, elder brother of the Song heir apparent's Left Leader. After a little more than a year Ju died, and Shen reared and nurtured Bao. She was stern and beat and scolded him harshly, yet Bao served her with filial care and at first showed no resentment. He inherited his father's marquisate, which by regulation was reduced to a barony. He was gradually promoted to Left Palace Gentleman. Whenever he requested salary or gifts, every measure of cloth used in public or private affairs outside the household was reported to her without exception. He was posted as commandant of Shanshan garrison. When Shen was past eighty, Bao personally made a horse carriage and supported and accompanied her himself; Shen went along gladly. When Shen died, Bao resigned his office and conveyed the coffin back to Luoyang. Later he again served as Chief and concurrently as Southern Palace General, and died.
7
孫益德，樂安人也。 其母為人所害，益德童幼為母復仇。 還家，哭於殯以待縣官。 高祖、文明太后以其幼而孝決。 又不逃罪，特免之。
Sun Yide was a man of Le'an. His mother had been murdered; while still a child Yide avenged her. He returned home and wept beside the coffin, awaiting the district authorities. Emperor Gaozu and Empress Dowager Wenming judged him filial though young. Moreover, he had not fled punishment, so they specially exempted him.
8
董洛生，代人也。 居父喪過禮，詔遣祕書中散溫紹伯奉璽書慰之，令自抑割以全孝道。 又詔其宗親，使相喻奬，勿令有滅性之譏。
Dong Luosheng was a man of Dai. He observed mourning for his father beyond the proper rites. An edict sent Secretariat Attendant Wen Shaobo with the imperial seal-letter to console him, ordering him to restrain his grief so as to preserve his filial duty intact. The emperor also ordered his kinsmen to exhort and encourage him, lest he earn reproach for destroying his own life.
9
楊引，鄉郡襄垣人也。 三歲喪父，為叔所養。 母年九十三卒，引年七十五，哀毀過禮。 三年服畢，恨不識父，追服斬衰，食粥粗服，誓終身命。 終十三年，哀慕不改，為郡縣鄉閭三百餘人上狀稱美。 有司奏宜旌賞，復其一門，樹其純孝。 詔別敕集書標楊引至行，又可假以散員之名。
Yang Yin was a man of Xiangyuan in Xiang commandery. At the age of three he lost his father and was reared by his uncle. His mother died at ninety-three; Yin was seventy-five, and his grief and emaciation exceeded the proper rites. When the three-year mourning for his mother was complete, grieving that he had never known his father, he put on the coarsest hemp mourning, ate only gruel in rough clothes, and vowed to keep this for life. For a full thirteen years his longing did not change. More than three hundred people of the district, county, and village submitted memorials praising him. The relevant offices memorialized that he should be honored and rewarded, restoring corvée for his entire household and holding up his pure filial piety as an example. An edict separately ordered the Secretariat to mark Yin's supreme conduct, and he might also be granted the title of a supernumerary official.
10
閻元明，河東安邑人也。 少而至孝，行著鄉閭。 太和五年，除北隨郡太守。 元明以違離親養，興言悲慕，母亦慈念，泣淚喪明。 元明悲號上訴，許歸奉養。 一見其母，母目便開。 刺史呂壽恩列狀上聞，詔下州郡，表為孝門，復其租調兵役，令終母年。 母亡，服終，心喪積載，每忌日悲慟傍隣。 昆弟雍和，尊卑諧穆，安貧樂道，白首同歸。
Yan Yuanming was a man of Anyi in Hedong. From youth he was supremely filial, and his conduct was renowned throughout his village and hamlet. In the fifth year of the Taihe era he was appointed governor of North Suiguan. Yuanming, having left his parents' support, spoke with grief and longing. His mother too cherished him in her thoughts and wept until she lost her sight. Yuanming wailed and appealed to the authorities; he was permitted to return and support his parents. At his first sight of his mother, her eyes opened at once. Prefect Lü Shou'en submitted a report to the throne. An edict went down to the provinces and commanderies, marking his household as a Gate of Filial Piety, restoring his rent and corvée obligations, and granting him leave until his mother's lifetime was complete. When his mother died and the mourning period was complete, his inner mourning lasted many years. On each anniversary of her death his laments moved the neighbors beside him. The brothers were harmonious, elders and juniors in concord, content in poverty and devoted to the Way, growing white-haired together to the end.
11
又猗氏縣人令狐仕，兄弟四人，早喪父，泣慕十載，奉養其母，孝著鄉邑。 而力田積粟，博施不已。
Also Linghu Shi of Yishi county: the four brothers lost their father early, wept and longed for ten years, supported their mother, and were noted for filial piety throughout village and hamlet. Yet they plowed fields and stored grain, giving generously without cease.
12
又河東郡人楊風等七百五十人，列稱樂戶皇甫奴兄弟，雖沉屈兵伍而操尚彌高，奉養繼親甚著恭孝之稱。
Also Yang Feng and seven hundred fifty others of Hedong commandery submitted jointly that the music-household brothers Huangfu Nu and his siblings, though sunk in the ranks of soldiers, were yet of loftier conduct, rearing their stepmother with the utmost reputation for respectful filial piety.
13
又東郡小黃縣人董吐渾、兄養，事親至孝，三世同居，閨門有禮。 景明初，畿內大使王凝奏請標異，詔從之。
Also Dong Tuhun and his elder brother Yang of Xiaohuang in Dongjun served their parents with utmost filial piety. Three generations dwelt together, and the inner quarters were ordered by ritual. At the beginning of the Jingming era, metropolitan envoy Wang Ning memorialized asking that they be marked out for distinction; an edict followed his request.
14
吳悉達，河東聞喜人也。 弟兄三人，年並幼小，父母為人所殺，四時號慕，悲感鄉隣。 及長報仇，避地永安。 昆弟同居四十餘載，閨門和睦，讓逸競勞。 雖於儉年糊饘不繼，賓客經過，必傾所有。 每守宰殯喪，私辦車牛，送終葬所。 隣人孤貧窘困者，莫不解衣輟糧以相賑恤。 鄉閭五百餘人詣州稱頌焉。 刺史以悉達兄弟行著鄉里，板贈悉達父勃海太守。 悉達後欲改葬，亡失墳墓，推尋弗獲，號哭之聲晝夜不止，叫訴神祇。 忽於悉達足下地陷，得父銘記。 因遷葬曾祖已下三世九喪，傾盡資業，不假於人，哀感毀悴，有過初喪。 有司奏聞，標閭復役，以彰孝義。
Wu Xida was a man of Wenxi in Hedong. Three brothers, all still young: their parents were killed by others. Through the four seasons they called out in longing, and their grief moved village and neighbor. When they grew up they took revenge and fled to Yong'an. The brothers dwelt together for more than forty years. Their household was harmonious; they yielded and deferred to one another, competing only in labor. Even in lean years when thin gruel barely held together, whenever guests passed by they would pour out all they had. Whenever a magistrate or prefect had a funeral, they privately provided carts and oxen to convey the coffin to the burial ground. For neighbors who were orphaned, poor, or in hardship, there was none who did not strip off clothing or set aside grain to relieve them. More than five hundred people of village and hamlet went to the prefecture to acclaim them. The prefect, because the Xida brothers' conduct shone in their locale, by plaque posthumously granted Xida's father the title of Governor of Bohai. Later Xida wished to rebury them but had lost the grave. Though he searched he could not find it. His cries day and night did not cease as he appealed to the spirits. Suddenly the ground beneath Xida's feet sank, and he recovered his father's inscribed grave marker. Thereupon he moved the graves of three generations—nine coffins from his great-grandfather down—exhausting his family's resources without borrowing from others. His grief and emaciation surpassed even the first mourning. The relevant offices reported to the throne. His village was marked out for distinction and corvée restored, to manifest filial righteousness.
15
時有齊州人崔承宗，其父於宋世仕漢中，母喪，因殯彼。 後青徐歸國，遂為隔絕。 承宗性至孝，萬里投險，偷路負喪還京師。 黃門侍郎孫惠蔚聞之曰：「吾於斯人見廉范之情矣。」 於是弔贈盡禮，如舊相識。
At that time there was Cui Chengzong of Qizhou. His father had served in Hanzhong under the Song, and when his mother died she was buried there. Later, when Qing and Xu returned to the [Northern Wei] realm, they were cut off from one another. Chengzong was by nature supremely filial. Casting himself into danger across ten thousand li, he stole along the road carrying the coffin back to the capital. Palace Attendant Sun Huiwei heard of it and said: "In this man I see the devotion of Lian Fan. Thereupon he sent condolences and gifts with full ceremony, as with an old acquaintance.
16
王續生，滎陽京縣人也。 遭繼母憂，居喪杖而後起。 及終禮制，鬢髮盡落。 有司奏聞，世宗詔標旌門閭，甄其徭役。
Wang Xusheng was from Jing county in Xingyang. When his stepmother died he observed mourning, leaning on a staff before he could rise. When the mourning rites were complete, all his hair fell out. The relevant offices reported to the throne. Emperor Shizong decreed that his gate and hamlet be marked and his corvée obligations waived.
17
李顯達，潁川陽翟人也。 父喪，水漿不入口七日，鬢髮墮落，形體枯悴。 六年廬於墓側，哭不絕聲，殆於滅性。 州牧、高陽王雍以狀奏，靈太后詔表其門閭。
Li Xianda was from Yangzhai in Yingchuan. When his father died he took no broth for seven days. His hair fell out and his body wasted away. For six years he built a hut beside the tomb and wept without cease, nearly destroying his own life. Regional governor Prince Yong of Gaoyang submitted a report. Empress Dowager Ling decreed that his gate and hamlet be marked.
18
張昇，滎陽人。 居父母喪，鬢髮墜落，水漿不入口，吐血數升。 詔表門閭。
Zhang Sheng was a man of Xingyang. While mourning both parents, his hair fell out. He took no broth and spat several sheng of blood. An edict marked his gate and hamlet.
19
倉跋，滎陽京縣人也。 喪母，水漿不入口五日，吐血數升，居憂毀瘠，見稱州里。 有司奏聞，出帝詔標門閭。
Cang Ba was from Jing county in Xingyang. When his mother died he took no broth for five days and spat several sheng of blood. In mourning he was wasted and emaciated, and was acclaimed throughout his district and village. The relevant offices reported to the throne. Emperor Chu decreed that his gate and hamlet be marked.
20
王崇，字乾邕，陽夏雍丘人也。 兄弟並以孝稱。 身勤稼穡，以養二親。 仕梁州鎮南府主簿。 母亡，杖而後起，鬢髮墮落。 未及葬，權殯宅西。 崇廬於殯所，晝夜哭泣，鳩鴿羣至。 有一小鳥，素質墨眸，形大如雀，栖於崇廬，朝夕不去。 母喪始闋，復丁父憂，哀毀過禮。 是年，陽夏風雹，所過之處，禽獸暴死，草木摧折。 至崇田畔，風雹便止，禾麥十頃，竟無損落，及過崇地，風雹如初。 咸稱至行所感。 崇雖除服，仍居墓側。 於其室前生草一根，莖葉甚茂，人莫能識。 至冬中，復有烏巢於崇屋，乳養三子，毛羽成長，馴而不驚。 守令聞之，親自臨視。 州以聞奏，標其門閭。
Wang Chong, courtesy name Qianyong, was from Yongqiu in Yangxia. The brothers were all famed for filial piety. He himself labored in the fields and sowed grain to support his two parents. He served as chief clerk of the Southern Headquarters of Liangzhou. When his mother died he leaned on a staff before he could rise, and his hair fell out. Before burial could be completed, the coffin was temporarily lodged west of the house. Chong built a hut at the mourning site and wept day and night. Doves and pigeons gathered in flocks. A small bird, plain in color with black eyes, as large as a sparrow, perched on Chong's hut and did not leave from morning to evening. When mourning for his mother had just ended, he again mourned his father. His grief and emaciation exceeded the proper rites. That year Yangxia was struck by wind and hail. Wherever it passed, birds and beasts died and plants were broken. When it reached Chong's field the wind and hail stopped. Ten qing of grain and wheat were wholly undamaged. Once it had passed beyond Chong's land, the hail resumed as before. All said this was a response to his supreme conduct. Though Chong had doffed mourning garments, he still dwelt beside the tomb. Before his chamber a single blade of grass sprang up, its stem and leaves very lush, and no one could identify it. In mid-winter crows again nested on Chong's roof, suckling and rearing three young. When their feathers were full grown they were tame and not startled. The magistrate and prefect heard of it and came in person to observe. The province reported to the throne, and his gate and hamlet were marked.
21
郭文恭，太原平遙人也。 仕為太平縣令。 年踰七十，父母喪亡。 文恭孝慕罔極，乃居祖父墓次，晨夕拜跪。 跣足負土，培祖父二墓，寒暑竭力，積年不已，見者莫不哀歎。 尚書聞奏，標其門閭。
Guo Wengong was from Pingyao in Taiyuan. He served as magistrate of Taiping county. After he had passed seventy, his parents died. Wengong's filial longing was boundless. He therefore dwelt beside his grandfather's tomb, bowing and kneeling morning and evening. Barefoot he bore earth and banked up his grandfather's two tombs. Through cold and heat he strained with all his strength year after year without cease. None who saw it failed to sigh in pity. The Ministry of Works heard and reported to the throne. His gate and hamlet were marked.
22
史臣曰：塞天地而橫四海者，唯孝而已矣。 然則始敦孝敬之方，終極哀思之道，厥亦多緒，其心一焉。 蓋上智禀自然之質，中庸有企及之義，及其成名，其美一也。 趙琰等或出公卿之緒，籍禮教以資； 或出茅簷之下，非奬勸所得。 乃有負土成墳，致毀滅性，雖乖先王之典制，亦觀過而知仁矣。
The historian says: Only filial piety can fill heaven and earth and span the four seas. From first cultivating respect and devotion to reaching the utmost path of mourning—though these have many strands, the heart is one. The highest wisdom is endowed with nature's substance; the middling possess the resolve to strive toward it—and when they achieve renown, their excellence is one. Zhao Yan and others either issued from lines of dukes and ministers, drawing support from ritual teaching; or came from beneath thatched eaves, not won through reward and exhortation. Some bore earth until tombs were mounds and brought ruin on their own lives. Though this departs from the former kings' regulations, one may yet observe the excess and recognize the benevolence within it.
23
校勘記
Collation notes
24
魏書卷八十六諸本目錄注「闕」。 卷末有宋人校語 〈殿本入考證〉 云：「魏收書孝感傳亡，惟張昇事出宗諫史目，與北史小異，高氏小史不載昇事迹。 案小史孝感、節義、良吏、列女、閹官五傳敍目並傳，與正史及諸書目次序前後不同，惟楊九齡經史目錄與小史同。 九齡撰錄皆在殷仲藏、宗諫等後，是時正史已不完，往往取小史為據，故同之。」 按此傳序與北史卷八四孝行傳序不同，諸傳只張昇傳出宗諫史目，見上宋人校語，他傳全同北史，論也出北史，而稍有刪節。 北史序中記魏書此卷傳目，全同今本，只張昇、倉跋先後互易。
In all editions of the Book of Wei, juan 86, the table of contents is marked "missing." At the end of the juan there is a Song-dynasty collation note 〈Palace Edition entered into textual verification〉 It says: "Wei Shou's Filial Response biography is lost. Only Zhang Sheng's account comes from Zong Jian's historiographical catalogue, differing slightly from the History of the Northern Dynasties. Gao's Brief History does not record Sheng's deeds. The Brief History's five biographies—Filial Response, Chastity and Righteousness, Good Officials, Exemplary Women, and Eunuch Officials—have prefaces and texts together, but their order differs from the official histories and various catalogues. Only Yang Jiuling's Classified Catalogue of Classics and Histories agrees with the Brief History. Jiuling's compilation all comes after Yin Zhongcang, Zong Jian, and others. By then the official history was already incomplete, and compilers often took the Brief History as their authority—hence the agreement. This biography's preface differs from the History of the Northern Dynasties juan 84 Filial Conduct preface. Of the biographies, only Zhang Sheng's comes from Zong Jian's catalogue (see the Song note above). The other biographies wholly match the Northern History, and the discussion too is drawn from the Northern History, though slightly abridged. The Northern History preface records this juan's biography list in the Book of Wei, wholly matching the present text, except that Zhang Sheng and Cang Ba are reversed in order.
25
從者於路偶得一羊諸本及北史卷二四趙逸附趙琰傳「偶」都作「遇」，冊府卷七九三 〈九四一二頁〉 作「偶」。 按文義作「偶」是，今據改。
Follower on the road happened to obtain a sheep: all editions and Northern History juan 24, Zhao Yi attached to Zhao Yan's biography, read "encountered" for "happened upon"; Ce fu yao lan juan 793 〈page 9412〉 reads "happened upon." By the sense of the text "happened upon" is correct; the text is emended accordingly.
26
出為鄯善鎮將諸本及北史卷八四乞伏保傳「鄯善」作「無善」，通志卷一六七乞伏保傳倒作「善無」。 按墓誌集釋有乞伏寶墓誌 〈圖版二八四〉 ，即此乞伏保，誌稱「遷鄯善鎮將，以母憂解任」。 鄯善鎮屢見本書。 元和郡縣志卷三九鄯州條云：「後魏以西平郡為鄯善鎮，孝昌二年，改鎮立鄯州。」 這裏「鄯」字訛「無」，而恒州的善無郡 〈見卷一０六上地形志上〉 人所習知，通志遂以為倒文，意為改乙，其實善無並未立鎮。 今據墓誌改。 又墓誌記歷官較詳，保死在襄州刺史任上，非南中郎將。
Posted as commandant of Shanshan garrison: all editions and Northern History juan 84, Qifu Bao biography, read "Wushan" for "Shanshan"; Tong zhi juan 167, Qifu Bao biography, inverts this to "Shanwu." According to Epitaph Collection and Explanation there is Qifu Bao's tomb epitaph 〈plate 284〉 — this is the same Qifu Bao. The epitaph says he was "transferred to commandant of Shanshan garrison and resigned on his mother's mourning." Shanshan garrison appears repeatedly in this book. Yuanhe junxian zhi juan 39, Shanzhou entry, says: "Later Wei made Xiping commandery the Shanshan garrison. In the second year of Xiaochang the garrison was abolished and Shanzhou established." Here "Shan" in Shanshan is corrupted to "Wu," while the Shanshan commandery of Shanzhou 〈see Geography juan 106, part 1〉 is well known to all. The Tong zhi therefore took this for inverted text and meant to emend it—but in fact no garrison was ever established at Shanshan. The text is emended now according to the epitaph. The epitaph also records his offices in greater detail: Bao died while serving as regional inspector of Xiangzhou, not as Southern Palace General.