Volume 148 Biographies 73: Linghu, Zhang, Kang, Li, Liu, Tian, Wang, Niu, Shi

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=令狐彰=

Linghu Zhang

令狐彰，字伯陽，京兆富平人，其先自敦煌內徙。父濞，為世善吏。始，尉范陽，通民家女，生彰。罷歸，留彰母所。既長，誌膽沈果，知書傳大義，射命中。從安祿山，署左衛郎將。與張通儒入長安，又署左街使。二京平，走河朔。史思明署博、滑二州刺史，屯滑臺。時中人楊萬定監滑州軍，彰欲以節自顯，募沒人夜度河，悉籍士馬州縣獻款，因萬定以聞。肅宗大悅，下書慰勞。彰移壁杏園渡，思明疑之，遣薛岌以兵劫彰。彰諭眾以大誼，皆感附死力，遂破岌兵，潰圍出，以麾下數百入朝，賜甲第、帷帳、什器，拜滑亳、魏博節度使。河朔平，加兼御史大夫，封霍國公，檢校尚書右僕射。

Linghu Zhang, courtesy name Boyang, was from Fuping in Jingzhao; his family had originally migrated inward from Dunhuang. His father Bi had been a capable official for generations. While he was first serving as commandant of Fanyang, he had relations with a commoner's daughter, who bore Zhang. When he left his post and went home, he left Zhang's mother where she was. Once grown, he was resolute and bold, steady and decisive; he grasped the great principles of the classics, and never missed with the bow. He followed An Lushan and was appointed lieutenant-general of the Left Guard. He entered Chang'an with Zhang Tongru and was again made commissioner of the Left Street. After the two capitals were recovered, he fled to Hebei. Shi Siming made him governor of Bo and Hua and stationed him at Huatai. The eunuch Yang Wanding was then supervising the Hua garrison. Zhang wanted to win recognition with a formal commission, so he recruited swimmers to cross the river at night, enrolled soldiers and horses throughout the prefectures and counties in pledges of loyalty, and had Wan Ding report this to the court. Emperor Suzong was delighted and sent an edict of praise and encouragement. Zhang shifted his camp to Xingyuan Ford. Siming grew suspicious and sent Xue Ji with troops to seize him. Zhang rallied his men with an appeal to the greater cause; they were moved to fight to the death, routed Ji's force, broke out of the siege, and entered court with several hundred followers. He was given a fine mansion, hangings, and furnishings, and appointed military commissioner of Hua-Bo and Weibo. When Hebei was pacified, he was further made censor-in-chief, enfeoffed as Duke of Huo, and appointed acting right vice director of the Department of State Affairs.

始，滑當寇沖，城邑墟榛，彰躬訓吏下，檢軍力農，法令嚴，無敢犯者。田疇大辟，庫委豐余，歲時貢賦如期。時吐蕃盜邊，召防秋兵，彰遣士三千，自賫糧，所過無秋毫犯，供擬讓不受，時韙其能。然猜阻忮忍，忤者輒死。怒潁州刺史李岵，遣姚奭代之，戒曰：「不時代，殺之。」岵知其謀，因殺奭，死者百餘人，奔汴州，上書自言，彰亦劾之。河南尹張延賞畏彰，留岵使，故彰書先聞，斥岵夷州，殺之。與魚朝恩有隙，及用事，彰不敢入朝。

Hua had lain in the path of invaders, and its towns were ruined and overgrown. Zhang personally drilled his officials and troops, inspected the army, and promoted farming; his laws were strict, and no one dared break them. Fields were widely reclaimed, the treasuries overflowed, and tribute and levies arrived on time each year. When Tibetans raided the frontier and autumn-defense troops were called up, Zhang sent three thousand men who carried their own rations, took nothing from the people along the way, and refused provisions offered them; contemporaries praised his efficiency. Yet he was suspicious, obstructive, jealous, and cruel; anyone who crossed him was killed at once. Angered at Yingzhou prefect Li Qiu, he sent Yao Shi to replace him with orders: "If he does not leave his post in time, kill him. Qiu learned of the plot, killed Shi in turn—more than a hundred died in the affair—fled to Bianzhou, and submitted a memorial in his own defense; Zhang also impeached him. Henan intendant Zhang Yanshang feared Linghu Zhang and kept Qiu in his service, so Zhang's memorial reached the court first; Qiu was exiled to Yizhou and executed. He had fallen out with Yu Chao'en; once Yu held power, Zhang no longer dared come to court.

會母喪，失明，卒。方疾甚，敕子建、通、運歸東都私第，悉上軍府兵仗財用簿最，表吏部尚書劉晏、工部尚書李勉堪大事，請以自代。代宗得表咨悼，下詔褒美其門閭，贈太傅。

During his mother's mourning he went blind and died. As his illness worsened, he ordered his sons Jian, Tong, and Yun back to their family residence in Luoyang, turned in full inventories of the headquarters' arms and finances, and recommended Ministers Liu Yan and Li Mian as fit to succeed him. Emperor Daizong received the memorial with grief, issued an edict praising his household, and posthumously made him Grand Tutor.

建累官右龍武軍使。德宗幸奉天，建方肄士射，遂以四百人從，且殿。擢行在中軍鼓角使、左神武軍大將軍。其妻，成德節度使李寶臣女也，建將棄之，誣與門下客郭士倫通，榜殺士倫而逐其妻，士倫母痛憤卒。寶臣請劾按，無狀。建會赦免。帝取常膳錢五十萬葬士倫母子，並恤其家。俄起建為右領軍大將軍。復坐專殺，以勛被貸。坐妄自陳，貶施州別駕，卒，贈右領軍大將軍，又加贈揚州大都督。

Jian rose to become commissioner of the Right Dragon Martial Army. When Emperor Dezong fled to Fengtian, Jian was drilling his men in archery; he followed with four hundred troops and served as rearguard. He was promoted to drum-and-horn commissioner of the traveling central army and great general of the Left Divine Martial Army. His wife was the daughter of Chengde commissioner Li Baochen. Jian meant to cast her off, falsely accused her of an affair with his retainer Guo Shilun, had Shilun beaten to death and drove out his wife; Shilun's mother died of grief and outrage. Baochen demanded an investigation; nothing was proved. Jian was pardoned in a general amnesty. The emperor drew five hundred thousand cash from his regular meal allowance to bury Shilun and his mother and provided for the family. Soon afterward Jian was appointed great general of the Right Leading Army. He was again convicted of unauthorized killing but was spared because of his service. For making false claims on his own behalf he was demoted to vice-prefect of Shi and died there; he was posthumously made great general of the Right Leading Army, and later also governor-general of Yangzhou.

憲宗時，宰相李吉甫奏言：「彰將死，籍上土地兵甲，遣諸子還第，彰同時河朔諸鎮，傳子孫，熏灼數代，唯彰忠義奮發，而長子建坐事，幼子運無辜，皆竄死，今通幸存，惟陛下用之。」因授贊善大夫。時討蔡，故連徙壽州團練使。聞吉甫卒，不自安。每戰，虛張首級，敗則掩不奏。露布上，宰相武元衡卻之。後為賊攻，焚廥聚，破屯柵，通大懼，重塹不敢出。詔金吾大將軍李文通宣慰，將至，遂代之。貶昭州司戶參軍事。久乃召為右衛將軍，給事中崔植還其制，帝使喻植，以彰有功，不忍棄其嗣，制乃下。終左衛大將軍。

Under Emperor Xianzong, Chief Minister Li Jifu wrote: "As Zhang lay dying, he turned in inventories of land and arms and sent his sons home. Among the Hebei warlords of his day, power passed through families for generations—only Zhang acted in loyal devotion. Yet his eldest son Jian was implicated in a crime, and his youngest Yun died in exile though innocent. Tong alone survives; I beg Your Majesty to employ him. Tong was accordingly appointed attendant of the heir apparent. Because the court was campaigning against Cai, he was moved in succession to regimental commissioner of Shouzhou. When he learned of Jifu's death, he grew uneasy. In every battle he inflated enemy casualties; when he lost, he hid it and filed no report. When his victory bulletins reached the court, Chief Minister Wu Yuanheng sent them back. Later rebels attacked him, burned his granaries, and broke his stockades; Tong was terrified, dug deeper ditches, and would not venture out. The court appointed Golden Guard great general Li Wentong as pacification commissioner; before Li arrived, Tong was removed. He was demoted to revenue adjutant of Zhaozhou. Long afterward he was recalled as general of the Right Guard. Attendant Cui Zhi returned his appointment edict, but the emperor explained that Zhang's service made him unwilling to abandon his line; the edict was then issued. He ended his career as great general of the Left Guard.

運為東都留守將，為杜亞所陷，流死歸州。

Yun served as a general of the Luoyang garrison; framed by Du Ya, he was exiled and died in Guizhou.

=張孝忠=

Zhang Xiaozhong

張孝忠，字孝忠，本奚種，世為乙失活酋長。父謐，開元中提眾納款，授鴻臚卿。孝忠始名阿勞，以勇聞，燕、趙間共推張阿勞、王沒諾幹，二人齊名。沒諾幹，王武俊也。孝忠魁偉，長六尺，性寬裕，事親孝。天寶末，以善射供奉仗內。安祿山奏為偏將，破九姓突厥，以功擢漳源府折沖。祿山、史思明陷河、洛，常為賊前鋒。朝義敗，乃自歸，授左領軍將軍，以兵屬李寶臣。累加左金吾衛將軍，賜今名。寶臣以其沈毅謹詳，遂為姻家，易州諸屯委以統制，十餘年，威惠流聞。田承嗣寇冀州，寶臣付兵四千，使出上谷，屯貝丘。承嗣見其軍整嚴，嘆曰：「阿勞在焉，冀未可圖也。」即焚營去。寶臣與朱滔戰瓦橋，奏孝忠為易州刺史，分精騎七千，當幽州。擢太子賓客，封符陽郡王。

Zhang Xiaozhong, courtesy name Xiaozhong, was of Xi descent; his family had been chiefs of the Yiwenhuo tribe for generations. His father Mi led his people in submission during the Kaiyuan era and was made chamberlain for dependencies. Xiaozhong was originally called Alao. Renowned for bravery, people across Yan and Zhao ranked Zhang Alao and Wang Meinuogan as equals in fame. Meinuogan was Wang Wujun. Xiaozhong was imposing, six feet tall, open-handed by nature, and devoted to his parents. At the end of the Tianbao era his archery won him a place on the emperor's personal guard. An Lushan recommended him as a deputy general. He defeated the Nine Surname Turks and was promoted to commander of Zhangyuan for his merit. When Lushan and Shi Siming seized the Yellow River basin and Luoyang, he often led the rebel vanguard. After Chaoyi's defeat he came over on his own, was made general of the Left Leading Army, and his troops were assigned to Li Baochen. He rose to general of the Left Golden Guard and was granted his present name. Baochen admired his steadiness and prudence, married into his family, and put him in charge of the Yizhou garrisons; for more than ten years his authority and kindness were widely known. When Tian Chengsi raided Jizhou, Baochen gave Xiaozhong four thousand men and sent him out through Shanggu to camp at Beiqiu. Chengsi saw how disciplined his army was and sighed, "With Alao there, Jizhou cannot be taken yet. He burned his camp and withdrew at once. When Baochen fought Zhu Tao at Waqiao, he had Xiaozhong appointed prefect of Yizhou and gave him seven thousand elite cavalry to hold the line against Youzhou. He was promoted to guest of the heir apparent and enfeoffed as Prince of Fuyang.

寶臣晚節稍忌刻，殺大將李獻誠等而召孝忠，孝忠不往，復使其弟孝節召之。孝忠復命曰：「諸將無狀，連頸受戮。吾懼禍，不敢往，亦不敢叛，猶公不覲天子也。」孝節泣曰：「即歸，且僇死。」孝忠曰：「偕往則並命，吾留，無患也。」果不敢殺。

In his later years Baochen grew jealous and harsh, killed senior generals including Li Xiancheng, and summoned Xiaozhong, who refused to come; he then sent his brother Xiaojie. Xiaozhong replied, "The generals have done nothing wrong, yet they are executed in batches. I fear for my life and dare not come, yet I dare not rebel either—just as you yourself have not gone to court. Xiaojie wept and said, "If I go back now, I will be killed at once." Xiaozhong said, "If we go together we both die; if I stay, you will be safe." In the end Baochen did not dare kill him.

然寶臣素善孝忠，及病不能語，以手指北而死。子惟嶽擅立，詔朱滔以幽州兵討之。滔忌孝忠善戰，慮師出為己患，使判官蔡雄往說曰：「惟嶽孺子，弄兵拒命，吾奉詔伐罪，公乃宿將，安用助逆而不自求福也？今昭義、河東軍已破田悅，而淮西軍下襄陽，梁崇義屍出井中，斬漢江上者五千人，河南軍計日北首，趙、魏滅亡可見。公誠去逆蹈順，倡先歸國，可以建不世功。」孝忠然之，遣將程華報滔連和，遣易州錄事參軍事董稹入朝。德宗嘉之，擢孝忠檢校工部尚書、成德軍節度使，令與滔並力。孝忠子弟在恒州者皆死。孝忠重德滔，為子茂和聘其女，締約益堅。

Baochen had always favored Xiaozhong; when he fell ill and could no longer speak, he pointed north and died. His son Weiyue seized power on his own; the court ordered Zhu Tao to campaign against him with Youzhou troops. Tao, jealous of Xiaozhong's fighting ability and fearing that an expedition would create a rival, sent his aide Cai Xiong to persuade him: "Weiyue is a boy playing at rebellion; I march under imperial orders to punish him. You are a veteran—why aid a rebel instead of winning favor for yourself? The Zhaoyi and Hedong armies have already defeated Tian Yue; the Huaixi army has taken Xiangyang; Liang Chongyi's corpse was pulled from a well; five thousand were beheaded on the Han; the Henan army will march north any day—the fall of Zhao and Wei is plain to see. If you abandon rebellion and take the lead in returning to the throne, you can win unparalleled merit. Xiaozhong agreed, sent General Cheng Hua to ally with Tao, and sent Yizhou recorder Dong Zhen to court. Emperor Dezong approved, promoted Xiaozhong to acting minister of works and military commissioner of Chengde, and ordered him to join Tao. All of Xiaozhong's sons and younger brothers in Hengzhou were killed. Xiaozhong held Tao in high regard, betrothed his son Maohe to Tao's daughter, and their alliance grew stronger.

敗惟嶽於束鹿，滔欲乘勝襲恒州，孝忠乃引軍西北，壁義豐。滔疑之，孝忠將佐諫曰：「尚書推赤心於朱司徒，可謂至矣。今逆賊已潰，元功不終，後且悔之。」孝忠曰：「本求破賊，賊已破矣，而恒州多宿將，迫之則死鬥，緩之則改圖。且滔言大而識淺，可以慮始，難與守成。故吾堅壁於此，以待賊之滅耳。」滔亦止屯束鹿。月餘，王武俊果斬惟嶽以獻。已而定州刺史楊政義以州降孝忠，遂有易、定。時三分成德地，詔定州置軍，名義武，以孝忠為節度、易定滄等州觀察使。

After defeating Weiyue at Shulu, Tao wanted to press on to Hengzhou; Xiaozhong instead withdrew northwest and fortified at Yifeng. Tao grew suspicious. Xiaozhong's officers urged him: "You have shown Minister Zhu every loyalty—nothing more could be asked. The rebels are already broken; if you do not finish the victory, you will regret it. Xiaozhong said, "Our aim was to defeat the rebels, and they are defeated. Hengzhou has many veteran commanders—press them and they will fight to the death; give them time and they will change sides. Besides, Tao talks big but sees little—fine for starting a campaign, unreliable for finishing one. So I hold my walls here and wait for the rebels to destroy themselves." Tao also halted at Shulu. A month later Wang Wujun beheaded Weiyue and presented his head. Soon afterward Dingzhou prefect Yang Zhengyi surrendered to Xiaozhong, giving him Yi and Ding. Chengde was then divided three ways; the court created an army at Dingzhou called Yiwu and made Xiaozhong its commissioner and observation commissioner of Yi, Ding, Cang, and neighboring prefectures.

後滔與武俊叛，復遣蔡雄說之，答曰：「吾既為唐臣，而天性樸強，業已效忠，不復助惡矣。吾與武俊少相狎，然其心喜反覆，不可信。幸謝司徒，誌鄙言。」滔復啖以金帛，皆不受。易、定介二鎮間，乃浚溝壘，脩器械，感厲將士，乘城固守。滔悉兵攻之，帝詔李晟、竇文場率師援孝忠，滔解去，遂全其軍。孝忠因與晟結婚。天子出奉天，孝忠遣將楊榮國以銳卒六百佐晟赴難，收京師。興元初，詔同中書門下平章事。

When Tao and Wujun later rebelled, Tao again sent Cai Xiong. Xiaozhong replied, "I am already a Tang subject, plain and stubborn by nature; having pledged loyalty once, I will not aid wickedness again. Wujun and I were close in youth, but he loves treachery and cannot be trusted. Please thank the Minister for me and remember these words. Tao again offered gold and silks; Xiaozhong refused them all. Yi and Ding lay between two hostile zones, so he deepened ditches and walls, repaired arms, rallied his troops, and held the cities. Tao attacked with his full force; the emperor sent Li Sheng and Dou Wenchang to relieve Xiaozhong; Tao withdrew, and Xiaozhong's army was saved. Xiaozhong then sealed the alliance with a marriage to Li Sheng's family. When the emperor fled to Fengtian, Xiaozhong sent General Yang Rongguo with six hundred elite troops to aid Li Sheng and recover the capital. At the start of the Xingyuan era he was appointed co-chancellor by edict.

貞元二年，河北蝗，民餓死如積，孝忠與其下同粗淡，日膳裁豆䜺而已，人服其儉，推為賢將。明年，檢校司空。詔其子茂宗尚義章公主，孝忠遣妻入朝，執親迎禮，賞賚甚厚。五年，為將佐所惑，以兵襲尉州，入之，奉詔還鎮。有司劾擅興，削司空。六年，還其官。卒，年六十二，追封上谷郡王，贈太師，謚曰貞武。子茂昭、茂宗、茂和。孝忠子茂宗茂宗，擢累光祿少卿、左衛將軍。元和中，歷閑廄使。初，至德時，西戎陷隴右，故隴右監及七廄皆廢，而閑廄私其地入，寶應初，始以其地給貧民。茂宗恃恩，奏悉收其賦，又奏取麟遊岐陽牧地三百餘頃，民訴諸朝，詔監察御史孫革按行，還奏不可。茂宗負左右助，誣革所奏不實，復遣侍御史範傳式覆實，乃悉奪其田。長慶初，岐人列訴，下御史，盡以其地還民。寶歷初，遷兗海節度使。終左龍武統軍。孝忠子茂和茂和，歷左武衛將軍。裴度討蔡，奏為都押衙。茂和數以膽勇求自試，謂度無功，辭不行。度請斬之以令軍，憲宗曰：「予以其家忠且孝，為卿遠斥。」後終諸衛將軍。孝忠子茂昭茂昭本名升雲，德宗時賜今名，字豐明。少沈毅，頗通書傳。孝忠時，累擢檢校工部尚書。孝忠卒，帝拜邕王諒為義武軍節度大使，以茂昭為留後，封延德郡王。後二年，為節度使。弟昇璘薄王武俊為人，座上嫚罵，武俊怒，襲義豐、安喜、無極，掠萬餘人，茂昭嬰城，遣人厚謝，乃止。久之，入朝，為帝從容言河朔事，帝竦聽，曰：「恨見卿晚！」召宴麟德殿，賜良馬、甲第、器幣優具，詔其子克禮尚晉康郡主。帝方倚之經置北方，會崩，故茂昭每入臨，輒哀不自勝。

In the second year of Zhenyuan, locusts ravaged Hebei and the dead lay in heaps. Xiaozhong shared coarse fare with his men, eating nothing but beans and bran each day; people admired his austerity and hailed him as a worthy commander. The following year he was appointed acting minister of works. The court ordered his son Maozong to marry Princess Yizhang; Xiaozhong sent his wife to court for the welcoming ceremony and received lavish rewards. In the fifth year his officers misled him into raiding Weizhou; after taking it he returned to his post by imperial order. Officials impeached him for unauthorized military action and stripped him of his title as minister of works. In the sixth year his title was restored. He died at sixty-two and was posthumously made Prince of Shanggu, grand preceptor, with the posthumous name Zhenwu. His sons were Maozhao, Maozong, and Maohe. Xiaozhong's son Maozong rose to vice chamberlain of imperial entertainments and general of the Left Guard. During the Yuanhe era he served as commissioner of the spare stables. In the Zhide era the western tribes seized Longyou; the Longyou commissioner and seven stud farms were abolished, and the spare stables quietly took their lands. Only at the start of Baoying were those lands given to poor families. Maozong, relying on imperial favor, petitioned to collect all their taxes and seize more than three hundred qing of pasture at Linyou and Qiyang. The people appealed to court; Censor Sun Ge was sent to investigate and reported that this could not be allowed. Maozong, backed by court favorites, claimed Sun Ge's report was false and sent Attendant Censor Fan Chuanshi to reinvestigate; the lands were then seized in full. At the start of Changqing the people of Qi filed a collective appeal; the censorate ordered all the land returned to them. At the start of Baoli he was made military commissioner of Yanhai. He ended his career as commander of the Left Dragon Martial Army. Xiaozhong's son Maohe served as general of the Left Martial Guard. When Pei Du campaigned against Cai, he recommended Maohe as chief military adjutant. Maohe repeatedly asked to prove himself in battle; claiming Pei Du had no merit, he refused to go. Pei Du asked to execute him to discipline the army. Emperor Xianzong said, "For his family's loyalty and filial piety, I will banish him far from you instead. He later ended as a guard general. Xiaozhong's son Maozhao was originally named Shengyun; Emperor Dezong granted him his present name, courtesy name Fengming. As a youth he was steady and resolute and well read in the classics. While his father lived he rose to acting minister of works. After Xiaozhong's death the emperor appointed Prince of Yong Liang grand commissioner of the Yiwu army and made Maozhao acting commissioner, enfeoffing him as Prince of Yande. Two years later he became military commissioner in full. His brother Shenglin despised Wang Wujun and insulted him at a banquet. Wujun attacked Yifeng, Anxi, and Wuji and carried off more than ten thousand people. Maozhao held his cities and sent abject apologies until Wujun withdrew. Long afterward he came to court and spoke frankly about Hebei; the emperor listened intently and said, "I regret not meeting you sooner! He was feasted in Linde Hall and given fine horses, a mansion, and lavish gifts; the court ordered his son Keli to marry the Princess of Jinkang. The emperor had been relying on him to manage the north when he died; whenever Maozhao attended the lying-in-state he was overcome with grief.

順宗立，進同中書門下平章事，復遣之鎮，賜女樂二人，固辭，車至第門，茂昭引詔使辭曰：「天子女樂，非臣下所宜見。昔汾陽、鹹寧、西平、北平皆有大功，故當是賜。今下臣述職以朝，奈何濫賞？後日有立功之臣，陛下何以加之？」復賜安仁裏第，亦讓不受。憲宗元和二年，請朝，五奏乃聽。願留，不許，加兼太子太保。

When Shunzong ascended, Maozhao was made co-chancellor and sent back to his post with a gift of two female musicians. He refused firmly; when the carriage reached his gate he told the envoy, "The emperor's female musicians are not for a subject to receive. Fenyang, Xianning, Xiping, and Beiping all earned such gifts through great merit. I come only to report on duty—how can such a reward be lavished on me? When ministers who truly earn merit appear, what will Your Majesty have left to give them? He was also offered a mansion in Anren Lane and declined that as well. In the second year of Yuanhe under Xianzong he petitioned to come to court; permission came only after five requests. He asked to stay at court but was refused and made grand protector of the heir apparent.

既還，王承宗叛，詔河東、河中、振武、義武合軍為恒州北道招討，茂昭治廩廄，列亭候，平易道路，以待西軍。承宗以騎二萬逾木刀溝與王師薄戰，茂昭躬擐甲為前鋒，令其子克讓、從子克儉與諸軍分左右翼繞賊，大敗之，承宗幾危。會有詔班師，加檢校太尉，兼太子太傅。乃請舉宗還朝，表數上，帝乃許。北鎮遣客間說，皆不納。詔左庶子任迪簡為行軍司馬，乘驛往代。茂昭奉兩州符節、管鑰、圖籍歸之。先敕妻子上道，戒曰：「吾使而曹出易，庶後世不為汙俗所染。」未半道，迎拜兼中書令，充河中晉絳慈隰節度使。至京師，雙日開延英，對五刻罷。又表遷墳墓於京兆，許之。明年，疽發於首卒，年五十，冊贈太師，謚曰獻武。帝思其忠，擢諸子皆要職，歲給絹二千匹。茂昭少子克勤少子克勤，開成中歷左武衛大將軍。有詔賜一子五品官，克勤以息幼，推與其甥，吏部員外郎裴夷直劾曰：「克勤骫有司法，引庇它族，開後日賣爵之端，不可許。」詔聽，遂著於令。附裴夷直夷直字禮卿，亦幸亮，第進士，歷右拾遺，累進中書舍人。武宗立，夷直視冊牒，不肯署，乃出為杭州刺史，斥州司戶參軍。宣宗初內徙，復拜江、華等州刺史。終散騎常侍。茂昭甥陳楚陳楚者，茂昭甥也，字材卿，定州人。有武幹，事茂昭，歷牙將，常統精卒從征伐。茂昭入朝，擢諸衛大將軍，封普寧郡王。元和末，義武節度使渾鎬喪師，定州亂，拜楚為節度使，馳傳赴軍。及郊，無迎者，左右勸無入，楚曰：「定軍不來迎以試我。今不入，正墮計中。」乃冒雪行四十里，夜入其州，然軍校部伍，皆楚舊也，由是眾心乃定。徙河陽三城，入為左羽林統軍，檢校司空。卒，年六十一，贈司空。子君奕，亦至鳳翔節度使。

After his return Wang Chengzong rebelled. The court ordered Hedong, Hezhong, Zhenwu, and Yiwu to unite for a northern campaign; Maozhao repaired granaries and stables, set up courier posts, and cleared roads for the western armies. Chengzong crossed Mudao Ravine with twenty thousand cavalry and fought the imperial army at close quarters. Maozhao led the vanguard in armor, sent his son Kerang and nephew Kejian to flank the enemy, and routed them; Chengzong was nearly destroyed. An edict then ordered withdrawal; he was made acting grand marshal and grand tutor of the heir apparent. He then petitioned to bring his entire clan to court; after several memorials the emperor agreed. Northern garrisons sent secret envoys to dissuade him; he refused them all. The court appointed Left Household Companion Ren Dijian campaign marshal and sent him by relay to replace Maozhao. Maozhao surrendered the seals, keys, and registers of both prefectures. He sent his wife and children ahead with the warning, "I am taking you out of Yi so our descendants will not be corrupted by frontier ways. Before he was halfway to the capital he was met and appointed director of the Secretariat and military commissioner of Hezhong, Jin, Jiang, Ci, and Xi. On reaching the capital he was received in Yingying Hall for an audience of five quarter-hours. He petitioned to move his family's graves to the capital region, and the request was granted. The next year an abscess on his head killed him at fifty; he was posthumously made grand preceptor with the name Xianwu. Remembering his loyalty, the emperor gave all his sons important posts and two thousand bolts of silk each year. Maozhao's youngest son Keqin served as great general of the Left Martial Guard in the Kaicheng era. An edict granted a fifth-rank office to one of his sons. Keqin, whose own son was young, gave it to his nephew. Vice Minister Pei Yizhi impeached him: "Keqin has perverted the law, favored another clan, and opened the door to selling offices—this must not stand. The court agreed, and the rule was written into law. Appended biography: Pei Yizhi, courtesy name Liqing, also known as Xingliang, passed the jinshi examination, served as right reminder, and rose to secretariat drafter. When Wuzong ascended, Yizhi inspected the enthronement documents and refused to sign. He was exiled as prefect of Hangzhou and demoted to revenue adjutant. Early in Xuanzong's reign he was recalled inland and again made prefect of Jiang, Hua, and other prefectures. He ended as regular attendant. Maozhao's nephew Chen Chu, courtesy name Caiqing, was from Dingzhou. A capable soldier, he served Maozhao, rose through garrison commands, and often led elite troops in campaigns. When Maozhao came to court, Chu was made great general of the guards and enfeoffed as Prince of Puning. At the end of Yuanhe, Yiwu commissioner Hun Hao lost his army and Dingzhou rebelled. Chu was appointed commissioner and rushed there by relay. At the city outskirts no one came to meet him. His attendants urged him not to enter. Chu said, "The Ding garrison stayed away to test me. If I do not enter now, I fall into their trap. He marched forty li through snow and entered the city by night. The officers and ranks were all his old men, and the army's hearts were steadied. He was transferred to the Three Cities of Heyang, then recalled as commander of the Left Feathered Forest Army and acting minister of works. He died at sixty-one and was posthumously made minister of works. His son Junyi also rose to military commissioner of Fengxiang.

=康日知=

Kang Rizhi

康日知，靈州人。祖植，當開元時，縛康待賓，平六胡州，玄宗召見，擢左武衛大將軍，封天山縣男。日知少事李惟嶽，擢累趙州刺史。惟嶽叛，日知與別駕李濯及部將百人啐牲血共盟，固州自歸。惟嶽怒，遣先鋒兵馬使王武俊攻之，日知使客謝武俊曰：「賊孱甚，安足共安危哉？吾城固士和，雖引歲未可下，且賊所恃者田悅耳，悅兵血蔑邢，壕可浮，不能殘半堞，況吾城之完乎？」又紿為臺檢示曰：「使者賫詔喻中丞，中丞奈何負天子，從小兒跳梁哉？」武俊悟，引兵還，斬惟嶽以獻。德宗美其謀，擢為深趙觀察使，賜實封戶二百。

Kang Rizhi was from Lingzhou. His grandfather Zhi, in the Kaiyuan era, captured Kang Daibin and pacified the Six Hu prefectures. Xuanzong summoned him, made him great general of the Left Martial Guard, and enfeoffed him as Baron of Tianshan. In youth Rizhi served Li Weiyue and rose to prefect of Zhaozhou. When Weiyue rebelled, Rizhi joined Vice Prefect Li Zhuo and a hundred officers in a blood oath and held Zhaozhou for the court. Weiyue sent vanguard commander Wang Wujun to attack. Rizhi sent an envoy to Wujun: "The rebels are feeble—why share their fate? Our walls are strong and our men united; you could camp a year and not take us. The rebels rely only on Tian Yue—his army bloodied Xingzhou, the moats ran with blood, yet he could not breach half a wall. How will he take our intact city? He also forged a censorate document: "The envoy brings an edict—Commissioner, why betray the Son of Heaven and follow a boy's rebellion?" Wujun understood, withdrew, beheaded Weiyue, and presented his head. Dezong praised his strategy, made him observation commissioner of Shen and Zhao, and granted two hundred taxable households.

會武俊拒命，遣將張鐘葵攻趙州，日知破之，上俘京師。興元元年，以深趙益成德，徙日知奉誠軍節度使，又徙晉絳，加累檢校尚書左僕射，封會稽郡王。貞元初卒，贈太子太師。日知子誌睦子誌睦，字得眾。資趫偉，工馳射。隸右神策軍，遷累大將軍。討張韶，以多兼御史大夫，進平盧軍節度使。李同捷反，放兵略千乘，誌睦挫其銳，不得逞，遂下蒲臺，盡奪其械。加檢校尚書左僕射。徙涇原，封會稽郡公。卒，年五十七，贈司空。誌睦子承訓子承訓，字敬辭。推門功進累左神武軍將軍。宣宗擢為天德軍防禦使，軍中馬乏，虜來戰，數負，承訓罷冗費，市馬益軍，軍乃奮張。始，党項破射雕軍洛源鎮，悉俘其人，聞承訓威政，皆還俘不敢謷。詔檢校工部尚書，封會稽縣男，擢義武節度。

When Wujun defied the court, he sent Zhang Zhongkui against Zhaozhou; Rizhi defeated him and sent captives to the capital. In the first year of Xingyuan, Shen and Zhao were added to Chengde. Rizhi was transferred to Fengcheng, then to Jin and Jiang, made acting left vice director of the Department of State Affairs, and enfeoffed as Prince of Kuaiji. He died early in Zhenyuan and was posthumously made grand tutor of the heir apparent. Rizhi's son Zhimu, courtesy name Dezhong. He was swift and imposing by nature and skilled in mounted archery. He served in the Right Divine Strategy Army and rose to great general. Campaigning against Zhang Shao, he was made censor-in-chief for his achievements and promoted to military commissioner of Pinglu. When Li Tongjie rebelled and raided Qiancheng, Zhimu broke his momentum, then took Putai and seized all his weapons. He was made acting left vice director of the Department of State Affairs. He was transferred to Jingyuan and enfeoffed as Duke of Kuaiji. He died at fifty-seven and was posthumously made minister of works. Zhimu's son Chengxun, courtesy name Jingci. For merit in storming a gate he rose to general of the Left Divine Martial Army. Xuanzong made him defense commissioner of Tiande. Horses were scarce and the army kept losing to barbarian raids. Chengxun cut waste, bought horses, and the army fought with renewed spirit. When Tangut forces destroyed the Shendiao garrison at Luoyuan and took captives, they returned them all on hearing of Chengxun's stern rule and dared make no further trouble. He was made acting minister of works, enfeoffed as Baron of Kuaiji, and promoted to military commissioner of Yiwu.

會南詔破安南，詔徙嶺西南道，城邕州，合容管經略使隸之，遂統諸軍行營兵馬。南詔深入，承訓分兵六道出以掩蠻，戰不利，士死十八，唯天平卒二千還屯，闔軍震。於是節度副使李行素完城不出，南詔圍之四日，或請夜出兵襲蠻，承訓意索，不聽。天平裨將陰募勇兒三百，夜縋燒蠻屯，斬首五百，南詔恐，明日解而去。承訓謬言大破賊，告於朝，群臣皆賀，加檢校尚書右僕射，籍子弟姻昵冒賞，而士不及，怨言嚾流。嶺南東道節度使韋宙白狀宰相，承訓慚，移疾，授右武衛大將軍，分司東都。

When Nanzhao destroyed Annan, he was transferred to Lingnan West, ordered to fortify Yongzhou and take command of Rongguan and all campaign forces. Nanzhao advanced deep inland. Chengxun sent six columns to ambush them, but the battle went badly—eighty percent of his men died and only two thousand Ping troops returned. The whole army was shaken. Deputy commissioner Li Xingsu held the walled city. Nanzhao besieged it for four days. Some urged a night attack; Chengxun was irresolute and refused. A Ping deputy secretly recruited three hundred men, slipped out at night, burned the barbarian camp, and took five hundred heads. Nanzhao withdrew the next day in fear. Chengxun falsely reported a great victory. The court congratulated him and made him acting right vice director. He registered kin and favorites for rewards while soldiers got nothing; angry complaints spread through the army. Lingnan East commissioner Wei Zhou reported the truth to the chief minister. Ashamed, Chengxun pleaded illness and was given a sinecure as great general of the Right Martial Guard in Luoyang.

咸通中，南詔復盜邊。武寧兵七百戍桂州，六歲不得代，列校許佶、趙可立因眾怒殺都將，詣監軍使丐糧鎧北還，不許，即擅斧庫，劫戰械，推糧料判官龐勛為長，勒眾上道。懿宗遣中人張敬思部送，詔本道觀察使崔彥曾慰安之。次潭州，監軍詭奪其兵，勛畏必誅，篡舟循江下，益裒兵，招亡命，收銀刀亡卒艚匿之。及徐城，謀曰：「吾等叩城大呼，眾必應，前日賞緡五十萬可得也。」眾喜。牙健趙武等欲亡，勛斬首送彥曾曰：「此搖亂者。」彥曾不能詰。勛怨都押衙尹戡、教練使杜璋、兵馬使徐行儉，又使白彥曾曰：「士負罪，不敢釋甲，請為二屯。」且白退戡等。府屬溫廷皓謂彥曾曰：「勛擅委戍，一可殺。專戕大將，二可殺。私置兵，三可殺。士不子弟即父兄，振袂而唱，內外必應，銀刀亡命，復在其中，四可殺。請分兩營，脅去三將，五可殺。」彥曾謂然。乃祃纛黃堂前，選兵三千授都虞候元密。屯任山，須勛至劫取之，遣邏子贏服覘賊。比暮，勛至，捕覘者，知其謀，即蕝偶人，剚虛幟，而詭路襲苻離。密久乃寤，回屯城南。勛與宿將喬翔戰睢河，翔大敗，攝太守焦璐遁去。勛入據州，自稱兵馬留後。

In the Xiantong era Nanzhao again raided the frontier. Seven hundred Wuning troops had garrisoned Guizhou for six years without rotation. Rank officers Xu Ji and Zhao Keli, riding the men's fury, killed the chief commander and appealed to the army supervisor for grain and armor to march home northward. When he refused, they broke into the armory on their own, seized weapons, made provisions officer Pang Xun their chief, and marched the force away. Emperor Yizong sent the eunuch Zhang Jingsi to escort the troops and ordered their circuit observer, Cui Yanzeng, to reassure them. At Tanzhou the army supervisor treacherously disarmed them. Pang Xun, fearing he would be executed, seized boats and fled downstream, swelling his ranks with fugitives and deserters from the Silver Blade army hidden aboard river craft. Reaching Xucheng, they plotted: "If we thunder at the gates, the town will rise. We can claim that five hundred thousand strings of reward cash promised earlier. The men cheered. Garrison guards Zhao Wu and others tried to desert. Pang Xun cut off their heads and sent them to Cui Yanzeng with the message: "These men were stirring trouble. Cui Yanzeng could not press the matter. Pang Xun bore a grudge against chief adjutant Yin Kan, training commissioner Du Zhang, and horse commissioner Xu Xingjian. He sent word to Cui Yanzeng: "The men are guilty and dare not disarm. Let us camp in two places. He also demanded that Yin Kan and the others be removed. Staff officer Wen Tinghao told Cui Yanzeng: "Pang Xun abandoned his post without orders — one reason to kill him. He killed a senior commander on his own authority — a second reason. He raised a private army — a third. These soldiers are locals — sons and brothers — who will rally if you give the signal; fugitives from the Silver Blade force are mixed among them — a fourth reason. He wants two camps and the removal of the three officers — a fifth. Cui Yanzeng agreed. He raised the battle standard before the hall, picked three thousand men, and put them under deputy commander Yuan Mi. Yuan Mi camped at Mount Ren to intercept Pang Xun and sent scouts in ragged clothes to watch the rebels. At dusk Pang Xun arrived, seized the scouts, learned of the ambush, left straw dummies and empty banners as decoys, and took a detour to strike Fu Li. Yuan Mi realized the ruse only belatedly and pulled his camp back south of the city. Pang Xun fought veteran general Qiao Xiang at the Sui River. Qiao was routed, and acting prefect Jiao Lu fled. Pang Xun occupied the prefecture and declared himself military commissioner.

初，璐決汴水，絕勛北道，水未至，勛度，比密兵攻宿，水大至，涉而傅城，不克攻。勛劫百艘運糧趨泗州，留婦弱持陬。翌日，密覺，追之，士未食。賊伏兵於舟而陣汴上，軍見密皆走。密追躡，伏發，夾攻之，密敗，眾殲。遂入徐州，囚彥曾及官屬，殺尹戡等。又徇下邳、漣水、宿遷、臨淮、蘄、虹諸縣，皆下。遣偽將屯柳子，屯豐，屯滕，屯沛，屯蕭，以張其軍，乃露章求節度使。有周重者，隱濠、泗間，號有謀，勛迎為上客，問策所出，因教勛：「赦囚徒，據揚州，北收兗、鄆，西舉汴、宋，東掠青、齊，拓境大河，食敖倉，可以持久。」勛無雄才，不納。偽將劉行及攻濠州，執刺史盧望回，自稱刺史。帝遣中人康道隱宣慰徐州，勛郊迎，旗鎧矛戟亙三十里，使騎鳴鼙角，聲動山谷。置酒球球場，引道隱閱其眾，紿為賊來降六十人，妄戮平民，上首級誇勝。」道隱還，固求節度。即殘魚臺、金鄉、碭山、單父十餘縣，斬官吏，出金帛募兵，遊民多從之。

Earlier Jiao Lu had diverted the Bian River to block Pang Xun's northern route. The flood had not yet risen when Pang crossed, but by the time Yuan Mi's troops assaulted Su, the waters surged. They waded through to the walls yet failed to take the city. Pang Xun seized a hundred grain boats and hurried toward Sizhou, leaving women and noncombatants to hold the rear position. The next day Yuan Mi discovered the move and gave chase before his men had eaten. The rebels concealed troops aboard boats and lined up on the Bian River bank. Yuan Mi's soldiers fled at the sight of them. Yuan Mi pressed the pursuit; the ambush erupted and struck from both flanks. He was defeated and his entire force wiped out. Pang Xun then entered Xuzhou, imprisoned Cui Yanzeng and the officials, and killed Yin Kan and the others. He also swept through Xiapi, Lianshui, Suqian, Linhuai, Qi, and Hong counties, and all fell. He posted fake generals at Liuzi, Feng, Teng, Pei, and Xiao to inflate his army, then submitted an open petition demanding the military governorship. A man named Zhou Zhong lived in hiding between Hao and Si, reputed for his counsel. Pang Xun welcomed him as an honored guest and asked his strategy. Zhou advised: "Free the prisoners, hold Yangzhou, seize Yan and Yun to the north, take Bian and Song to the west, raid Qing and Qi to the east, expand to the Yellow River, and live off the Ao granary — then you can endure. Pang Xun lacked grand ambition and ignored the advice. The rebel general Liu Xingji attacked Haozhou, captured prefect Lu Wanghui, and declared himself prefect. The emperor sent the eunuch Kang Daoyin to reassure Xuzhou. Pang Xun met him outside the city with banners, armor, spears, and halberds stretching thirty li, cavalry sounding drums and horns until the noise shook the valleys. He hosted a feast at the ball field, paraded his troops before Daoyin, falsely claimed sixty rebels had surrendered, killed civilians at random, and presented severed heads to boast of victory. When Daoyin returned, Pang Xun persistently demanded the military governorship. He then ravaged Yutai, Jinxiang, Dangshan, Shanfu, and more than ten other counties, executed officials, distributed gold and silk to recruit troops, and many vagrants joined him.

帝乃拜承訓檢校尚書右僕射、義成軍節度使、徐泗行營都招討使，以神武大將軍王晏權為武寧軍節度使、北面行營招討使，羽林將軍戴可師為南面行營招討使，率魏博、鄜延、義武、鳳翔、沙陀、吐渾兵二十萬討之。

The emperor then appointed Kang Chengxun acting Right Vice Minister of Works, military governor of Yicheng, and supreme commander of the Xu-Si campaign; made Shenwu grand general Wang Yanquan military governor of Wuning and northern campaign commander; made Imperial Guard general Dai Keshi southern campaign commander; and sent two hundred thousand troops from Weibo, Fuyan, Yiwu, Fengxiang, Shatuo, and Tuhun against the rebels.

勛好鬼道，有言漢高祖廟夜閱兵，人馬流汗，勛日往請命。巫言球場有隱龍，得之可戰勝，勛大役徒鑿地，不能得。賊將李圓、劉佶攻泗，歐宗、丁從實分徇舒、廬、壽、沂、海諸道。兵屯海州，度賊至，作機橋，雜以長縆，賊半度，縆絕，半溺死，度者不得戰，殲之。賊別取和州，破沐陽、下蔡、烏江、巢諸縣，揚州大恐，民悉度江。淮南節度使令狐移書陳禍福，許助求節度，勛按甲聽命。淮南合宣、潤兵戍都梁山。勛夜度淮，曙薄壘，賊將劉行立、王弘立與勛合，敗淮南將李湘，屯淮口，劫盱眙。帝又詔將軍宋威與淮南並力。

Pang Xun dabbled in occult practices. Reports held that the Han Gaozu temple reviewed troops by night, men and horses streaming with sweat. He visited daily to seek a mandate. Shamans claimed a hidden dragon lay beneath the ball field and that capturing it would ensure victory. Pang Xun mobilized masses of laborers to dig but found nothing. Rebel generals Li Yuan and Liu Ji attacked Sizhou while Ou Zong and Ding Congshi separately swept through Shu, Lu, Shou, Yi, and Hai. Imperial troops at Haizhou, anticipating the rebels, built a treacherous bridge rigged with long ropes. When half the enemy was across, the ropes snapped and half drowned. Those who had crossed could not fight, and all were destroyed. Rebel forces separately took Hezhou and overran Muyang, Xia'ai, Wujiang, and Chao. Yangzhou panicked, and the people fled across the Yangtze. Huai-nan military governor Linghu Tao sent a letter weighing the stakes, promising to help secure the military governorship. Pang Xun halted and waited. Huai-nan combined Xuan and Run troops to garrison Duliang Mountain. Pang Xun crossed the Huai by night and reached the fort at dawn. Rebel generals Liu Xingli and Wang Hongli joined him, defeated Huai-nan general Li Xiang, camped at Huaikou, and plundered Xuyi. The emperor also ordered general Song Wei to cooperate with Huai-nan.

承訓屯新興，賊挑戰，時諸道兵未集，承訓帳下才萬人，退壁宋州。勛益驕。光、蔡鉅賊陷滁州，殺刺史高錫望應勛。戴可師引兵三萬奪淮口，圍勛都梁山下，降其眾。可師恃勝不戒，弘立以兵襲之，可師不克陣而潰，士溺淮死，逸者數百人，賊取可師首傳徐州。詔以馬士舉為淮南節度使、南面行營諸軍都統，馳傳入揚州。士舉曰：「城堅士多，賊何能為？」眾稍安。始，帝以晏權故智興子，節度武寧，欲以怖賊。及是，返為賊困，不敢戰，乃更以隴州刺史曹翔為兗海節度、北面都統招討使，屯滕、沛，魏博將薛尤屯蕭、豐。

Kang Chengxun encamped at Xinxing while the rebels taunted him to fight. Allied troops had not yet assembled, and he had only ten thousand men under his command, so he withdrew to fortify Songzhou. Pang Xun grew bolder. Major bandits from Guang and Cai took Chuzhou, killed prefect Gao Xi, and rallied to Pang Xun. Dai Keshi led thirty thousand troops to retake Huaikou, besieged Pang Xun at the foot of Duliang Mountain, and accepted the surrender of his followers. Dai Keshi, overconfident after victory, was ambushed by Wang Hongli. He failed to hold formation and routed; soldiers drowned in the Huai, and only a few hundred escaped. The rebels took his head and paraded it at Xuzhou. Ma Shiju was appointed Huai-nan military governor and supreme commander of the southern campaign, and rode express post into Yangzhou. Ma Shiju said: "The walls are strong and our soldiers are many — what can the rebels do? The people gradually calmed. Initially the emperor had made Wang Yanquan — son of the former Wang Zhixing — military governor of Wuning to intimidate the rebels. By then he was trapped by the rebels and dared not fight. Cao Xiang, prefect of Longzhou, replaced him as Yan-Hai military governor and northern supreme commander, encamping at Teng and Pei, while Weibo general Xue You held Xiao and Feng.

賊首孟敬文欲絕勛自立，陰刻鑒為文曰「天口云云，錫爾將軍」，夜瘞之野，耕者得之以獻，眾駭異，乃齋三日授之。勛知其謀，使人襲殺之。

Rebel chief Meng Jingwen sought to break from Pang Xun and rule alone. He secretly carved a mirror inscribed "Heaven's mouth declares: I grant you the title of general" and buried it by night. A farmer found it and presented it; the crowd was awed, and after three days of fasting they invested him. Pang Xun learned of the plot and sent men to ambush and kill him.

於是承訓屯柳子右，夾汴築壘，連屬一舍。勛籍城中兵，止三千，劫民授甲，皆穿窟穴遁去。王弘立度睢，圍新興、鹿塘。承訓縱沙陀騎躪之，弘立走，士赴水死，自鹿塘屬襄城，伏屍五十里，數首二萬，獲器鎧不貲。承訓攻柳子，姚周度水戰，又敗，乘風火賊，周提餘卒去，沙陀躡之，及芳亭，死者枕藉，斬劉豐，而周以十騎走宿州，守將斬之。勛懼，乃害崔彥曾等，謂其下曰：「上不許我節度，與諸君真反矣。」大索兵，得三萬。許佶、趙可立勸勛稱「天冊將軍」，勛謁漢高祖廟受命，以其父舉直為大司馬，守徐州。或曰：「方大事，不可私於父，失上下序。」舉直乃拜於廷，勛坐受之。引兵救豐，刻木作婦人，衣絳被發，軍過，斫而火之，乃行。勛夜入城，外不知。勛出銳軍擊援屯，魏博軍知勛自將，驚而潰。賊以所得送徐州以誇下。曹翔退保兗州。勛欲乘勝攻承訓，或曰：「今北兵敗，西軍搖，不足虞也。方蠶月，宜息眾力農，至秋士馬強，決可以取勝。」舉直曰：「時不重得，願將軍無縱敵。」勛曰：「然。」時承訓方攻臨渙，聞勛計，追還兵仗以待。勛軍皆市人，囂而狂，未陣即奔，相蹈藉死者四萬。勛釋甲服垢襦脫，收夷痕士三千以歸，遣張行實屯第城。

Kang Chengxun then encamped east of Liuzi and built ramparts along both banks of the Bian River, linking them for thirty li. Pang Xun mustered the city's troops and found only three thousand. When he forced civilians into armor, they all dug tunnels and fled. Wang Hongli crossed the Sui River and besieged Xinxing and Lutang. Kang Chengxun unleashed Shatuo cavalry to overrun them. Wang Hongli fled; his soldiers drowned in the water. Corpses lay for fifty li from Lutang to Xiangcheng; twenty thousand heads were counted and arms and armor beyond reckoning were captured. Kang Chengxun attacked Liuzi. Yao Zhou fought on the water and lost again; he set fire to rebel boats downwind and withdrew with the survivors. Shatuo cavalry pursued to Fangting, where the dead piled up; Liu Feng was beheaded. Yao Zhou escaped with ten riders to Suzhou, where the garrison commander killed him. Pang Xun, afraid, killed Cui Yanzeng and the others and told his followers: "The throne denied me the military governorship — with you I am truly in rebellion now. He summoned troops broadly and gathered thirty thousand. Xu Ji and Zhao Keli urged Pang Xun to take the title "Heaven-Mandated General." He received mandate at the Han Gaozu temple, appointed his father Ju Zhi grand marshal to hold Xuzhou. Someone said: "At this critical moment you cannot favor your father — it violates proper order between ruler and subject. Ju Zhi then prostrated himself in court while Pang Xun sat and accepted the bow. He led troops to relieve Feng, carving wooden women dressed in crimson with hair loose; as the army passed they chopped and burned them, then marched on. Pang Xun entered the city by night without outsiders knowing. Pang Xun sallied with elite troops against the relief camp. The Weibo army, learning Pang Xun commanded in person, panicked and routed. The rebels sent their spoils to Xuzhou to boast to the people. Cao Xiang withdrew to defend Yanzhou. Pang Xun wanted to press the victory and attack Kang Chengxun. Someone said: "The northern army is beaten and the western army wavering — no need to worry about them. It is silkworm season; rest the men and farm. By autumn horses and soldiers will be strong, and victory is assured. Ju Zhi said: "Such moments do not return — general, do not let the enemy go." Pang Xun said: "Right." Kang Chengxun was attacking Linhuan; hearing Pang Xun's plan, he recalled his troops and prepared arms to wait. Pang Xun's army was townsmen — noisy and reckless. They fled before forming ranks, and forty thousand were trampled to death. Pang Xun shed his armor and wore a filthy short coat, gathered three thousand wounded troops, and returned; he sent Zhang Xingshi to garrison Dicheng.

馬士舉救泗州，賊解去，進攻賊濠州。是時，又詔黔中觀察使秦匡謀討賊，下招義、鐘離、定遠。勛遣吳迥屯北津援濠，士舉銳兵度淮，盡碎其營。初，勛之遁，懼眾不軍，妄言有神呼野中曰：「天符下，國兵休。」勛使下相語，符未降，故敗北津。

Ma Shiju relieved Sizhou; the rebels lifted the siege and he advanced on rebel-held Haozhou. At the same time the Qianzhong observer Qin Kuangmou was ordered to suppress the rebels and took Zhaoyi, Zhongli, and Dingyuan. Pang Xun sent Wu Jiong to camp at Beijin to aid Haozhou. Ma Shiju's elite crossed the Huai and smashed all their camps. When Pang Xun had fled earlier, fearing his troops would not fight, he falsely claimed a god cried in the wild: "Heaven's tally descends — the imperial army halts. He had men spread the word, but the tally never came — hence the defeat at Beijin.

帝恨魏博軍不勝，以宋威為西北面招討使，率兵三萬屯蕭、豐，約勛：「降者當赦之。」始，宿鄙人劉洪者，被黃袍，白馬，使人封檄叩觀察府曰：「我當王徐。」崔彥曾斬之，遺黨匿山谷，欲附勛，承訓喻降之。王師破臨渙，斬萬級，收襄城、留武、小睢諸壁。曹翔下滕，賊將以蘄、沛降，賊李直奔入徐州。翔又破豐、徐城、下邳，賊益蹙。

Resentful that the Weibo army had not won, the emperor made Song Wei northwest campaign commander with thirty thousand troops at Xiao and Feng, promising Pang Xun: "Surrenders will be pardoned. Earlier a man named Liu Hong of Suzhou, wearing a yellow robe and riding a white horse, had a sealed letter delivered to the observer's office declaring: "I shall be king of Xu." Cui Yanzeng executed him. Remnant followers hid in the mountains wanting to join Pang Xun; Kang Chengxun persuaded them to surrender. The imperial army broke Linhuan, took ten thousand heads, and captured the forts at Xiangcheng, Liuwu, and Xiaosui. Cao Xiang took Teng. Rebel generals surrendered Qi and Pei; rebel Li Zhen fled into Xuzhou. Cao Xiang also broke Feng, Xucheng, and Xiapi, and the rebels grew increasingly cornered.

勛以張玄稔守宿州，張儒、劉景助之，自稱統軍，列壁相望。承訓拔第城，張行實奔宿州，承訓遂圍宿州。行實教勛：「官軍盡銳於此，西鄙虛單，將軍直搗宋、亳，出不意，宿圍自解。」勛喜，引而西，使舉直、許佶守徐。承訓攻敗，十遇皆勝。遣辯士以威動玄稔。玄稔，賊重將也，以帛書射城外，約誅勛自歸，使張臯獻期。俄與二將會柳溪，伏士於旁，玄稔馳騎呼曰：「龐勛首已梟僕射寨矣！」伏興，斬劉景、張儒。玄稔率諸將肉袒見承訓，自陳陷賊不早奮，久暴王師，願禽賊贖死。承訓許之。復請詐為潰軍劫符離。苻離不知，內之，已入，即斬守將，得兵萬人，北攻徐州。許佶等不敢出。玄稔環城，彥曾故吏路審中啟白門內玄稔兵，許佶等啟北門走，玄稔身追之，士大崩，皆赴水死，斬舉直、許佶、李直等，收叛卒親族悉夷之。

Pang Xun put Zhang Xuancheng in charge of Suzhou with Zhang Ru and Liu Jing assisting. He styled himself commander-in-chief, with camps facing one another in lines. Kang Chengxun took Dicheng. Zhang Xingshi fled to Suzhou, and Kang Chengxun besieged Suzhou. Zhang Xingshi advised Pang Xun: "The imperial army has concentrated all its strength here; the western frontier is empty. Strike Song and Bo unexpectedly and the Suzhou siege will lift itself. Pang Xun was delighted, marched west, and left Ju Zhi and Xu Ji to hold Xuzhou. Kang Chengxun attacked and won all ten encounters. He sent an eloquent envoy to sway Zhang Xuancheng with threats and promises. Zhang Xuancheng, a major rebel general, shot a silk letter outside the city agreeing to kill Pang Xun and surrender; he sent Zhang Gao to deliver the appointed date. Soon he met the two generals at Willow Stream with hidden troops nearby. Zhang Xuancheng galloped up shouting: "Pang Xun's head is already displayed at the Vice Minister's camp! The ambush rose; Liu Jing and Zhang Ru were beheaded. Xuan Min led his generals stripped to the waist before Cheng Xun. They admitted they had served the rebels too long without revolt, had kept the imperial army tied down for months, and begged to capture the rebels and earn their lives back. Cheng Xun agreed. He then asked to pose as a broken army and seize Fuli by surprise. Fuli's garrison took them in unsuspecting. Once inside they killed the commander, rallied ten thousand men, and marched north on Xuzhou. Xu Ji and his associates dared not sally forth. Xuan Min besieged the city. Lu Shenzhong, once an officer under Yan Zeng, opened the White Gate to Xuan Min's men while Xu Ji and the rest fled through the North Gate. Xuan Min chased them himself; the rebel host broke and stampeded into the rivers to drown. Ju Zhi, Xu Ji, Li Zhi, and others were executed, and the families of every rebel soldier were wiped out.

勛聞徐已拔，氣喪，無顧賴，眾尚二萬，自石山而西，所在焚掠。承訓悉兵八萬逐北，沙陀將朱耶赤衷急追至宋州，勛焚南城，為刺史鄭處沖所破，將南趨亳，承訓兵循渙而東，賊走蘄縣，官兵斷橋，不及濟，承訓乃縱擊之，斬首萬級，餘皆溺死。閱三日，得勛屍。斬其子於京師。吳迥守濠州，糧盡食人，驅女孺運薪塞隍，並填之，整旅而行，馬士舉斬以獻。勛之始得徐州，貲儲蕩然，乃四出剽取，男子十五以上皆執兵，舒鉏鉤為兵，號「霍錐」，破十餘州，凡二歲滅。

Learning Xuzhou had fallen, Pang Xun lost heart and saw no way out. With some twenty thousand men left he marched west from Shishan, burning and looting every district in his path. Cheng Xun led eighty thousand men in pursuit. The Shatuo commander Zhuye Chizhong ran them down at Songzhou. Pang Xun torched the south suburbs but was beaten by Prefect Zheng Chongchu and turned toward Bo. Cheng Xun's forces tracked the Huan eastward; the rebels fled to Qi county, found the bridge broken, and could not escape. Cheng Xun drove them into the water—ten thousand heads taken, the rest drowned. Three days later Pang Xun's body was found. His son was executed in the capital. Wu Yong held Haozhou until the stores ran out and the garrison began eating the living. He forced women and children to haul firewood and fill the moat, then marched out in column; Ma Shiju cut him down and sent his head to camp. When Pang Xun first seized Xuzhou his treasury was empty, so he sent raiders in every direction. Every male fifteen or older was armed; hoes and hooks were hammered into spears they called "Huo Cones." He ravaged more than ten prefectures and, within two years, was wiped out.

詔擢張玄稔右驍衛大將軍，承訓遷檢校左僕射、同中書門下平章事，徙節河東。於是宰相路巖、韋保衡劾承訓討賊逗撓，貪虜獲，不時上功。貶蜀王傅，分司東都。再貶恩州司馬。僖宗立，授左千牛衛大將軍。卒，年六十六。承訓子傳業子傳業，嘗從父征伐，終鄜坊節度使。

Zhang Xuanmin was promoted to General-in-Chief of the Right Brave Guards. Cheng Xun became acting Left Vice Director, chancellor, and was posted as military governor of Hedong. Chief ministers Lu Yan and Wei Baoheng then accused Cheng Xun of dragging his feet against the rebels, hoarding booty, and delaying battle reports. He was reduced to tutor of the Prince of Shu and sent to idle duty in the Eastern Capital. A second demotion made him libationer at Enzhou. When Xizong took the throne, he was made General-in-Chief of the Left Thousand-Ox Guard. He died at sixty-six. Cheng Xun's son Chuan Ye fought with his father from youth and ended his career as military governor of Bian-Fang.

=李洧=

Li Wei

李洧者，淄青節度使正己從父兄也。始，署徐州刺史。建中初，正己卒，子納叛，攻宋州，洧挈州自歸，加兼御史大夫，封潮陽郡王，實封戶二百，充招諭使。初，洧遣巡官崔程入朝，且白宰相：「徐州不足獨抗賊，得海、沂為節度，可與成功。洧素與二州刺史有約，且不肯為賊守。」程先咨張鎰，而盧杞怒不先白，故洧請中格。及納攻徐，劉玄佐與諸將擊退之。既賊方張，乃加洧徐海沂密觀察使。時海、密為賊守，不受命，洧未有以取之。遷檢校戶部尚書。會疽發背，少間，肩輿過市，市人叫歡，洧驚，疽潰卒，贈尚書左僕射。以洧將高承宗代之。洧弟淡其弟淡，險人也，恥居下，陰約納攻徐為內應，並說滕將翟濟，濟執以聞。擢濟沂州刺史。召淡入京師，以洧赦不罪。

Li Wei was the elder cousin of Zheng Ji, military governor of Ziqing. He was first named prefect of Xuzhou. In the opening years of Jianzhong, Zheng Ji died and his son Na rebelled against Songzhou. Wei surrendered his prefecture to the court, received the additional title Censor-in-Chief, was enfeoffed Prince of Chaoyang with two hundred households, and named commissioner to win others back to the throne. Wei had earlier sent touring officer Cui Cheng to court to tell the chancellors: "Xuzhou cannot fight the rebels alone—we need a governorship covering Hai and Yi to finish the job. Wei already had a pact with those two prefects, who refused to serve the rebels. Cui had consulted Zhang Yi first; Lu Qi, furious at being bypassed, blocked Wei's proposal. When Na assaulted Xuzhou, Liu Xuanzuo and his generals drove him off. With the rebellion in full swing, Wei was made governor over Xu, Hai, Yi, and Mi. Hai and Mi were still held by rebels who ignored his commission, and Wei had no way to seize them. He was promoted to acting Minister of Revenue. A back abscess opened; soon after, borne through the market in a litter, he was startled by the crowds cheering and died when the wound burst. He was posthumously made Left Vice Director. His general Gao Chengzong replaced him. Wei's younger brother Dan—a scheming man who hated subordinate rank—secretly plotted with Na to open Xuzhou from within and tried to win over Teng's general Zhai Ji, who arrested him and reported the plot. Zhai Ji was promoted to prefect of Yi. Dan was summoned to the capital but spared on account of Wei.

=劉澭=

Liu Yong

劉澭，盧龍節度使怦之次子，濟母弟也。涉書史，有材武，好施愛士，能得人死力。始事朱滔，常陳君臣大分，裁抑其兇。及怦得幽州，不三月病且死，澭侍湯液未嘗離，輒以父命召濟於莫州，濟嗣總軍事，故德澭之讓，以為瀛州刺史，有如不諱，許代己。

Liu Yong was the second son of Lulong governor Peng and a younger maternal brother of Ji. He was versed in history, skilled in arms, generous with his officers, and could bind men to die for him. He began under Zhu Tao, repeatedly invoking the bounds of loyalty and restraining his brutality. Peng won Youzhou but within three months lay dying. Yong never left his bedside and sent repeatedly for Ji in Mozhou by their father's command. Ji took command and, grateful for Yong's deferral, made him prefect of Ying with a promise to succeed him if death came.

久之，濟自用其子為副大使，澭不能無恨，因請以所部為天子戍隴，悉發其兵千五百馳歸京師，無一卒敢違令者。德宗甚寵之，拜秦州刺史，屯普潤。軍中不設音樂。士卒病，親存問所欲，不幸死，哭之。

In time Ji installed his own son as deputy heir; Yong nursed a grudge and asked to lead his troops—fifteen hundred men—to garrison Long for the throne. They rode to the capital and not one soldier disobeyed. Dezong favored him warmly, made him prefect of Qin, and stationed him at Purun. He banned music in camp. Sick soldiers he visited himself; when they died he mourned them openly.

憲宗立，方士羅令則詣澭營，妄言廢立以動澭，命系之，辭曰：「吾之黨甚眾，公無囚我，約大行梓宮發兵，無不濟。」澭械送闕下，殺之。錄功，號其軍曰保義。蕃戎畏懾，不敢入寇。常愾然有復河湟誌，屢為朝廷言之，未見省。封累彭城郡公。及病，籍士馬求代。既還，卒於道，年四十九，贈尚書右僕射，謚曰景。

At Xianzong's accession the magician Luo Lingze came to Yong's camp spinning plots of deposition. Yong had him seized. Luo protested: "My allies are many—do not bind me. We pledged to rise when the late emperor's coffin departs; it cannot fail. Yong shipped him to the capital in irons and had him killed. For the service his corps was named Preserving Righteousness. Tribal enemies feared him and stopped raiding. He ached to recover the Hehuang frontier and pleaded with the court again and again, but no one listened. He was enfeoffed Duke of Pengcheng in cumulative honors. Falling ill, he mustered rolls of men and horses and asked to be relieved. He died on the homeward march at forty-nine, posthumously made Right Vice Director with the posthumous name Jing.

=田弘正=

Tian Hongzheng

田弘正，字安道。父廷玠，尚儒學，不樂軍旅，與承嗣為從昆弟，仕為平舒丞，遷樂壽、清池、束城、河間四縣令，以治稱。遷滄州刺史。李寶臣、朱滔與承嗣不協，合兵圍滄州，廷玠固守連年，食雖盡無叛者。朝廷嘉其節，徙相州。承嗣盜磁、相，廷玠無所回染。及悅代立，忌廷玠之正，召為節度副使。廷玠至，讓悅曰：「而承伯父緒業，當守朝廷法度以保富貴，何苦與恒、鄆為叛臣？自兵興來，叛天子能完宗族者誰邪？而誌不悛，盍殺我，無令我見田氏血汙人刀也！」遂稱疾不出。悅過謝之，杜門不納，憤而卒。

Tian Hongzheng, courtesy name Andao. His father Tingjie was a Confucian scholar who shunned soldiery. A cousin of Chengsi, he served as magistrate of Pingshu and then of Yueshou, Qingchi, Dongcheng, and Hejian, winning fame for his administration. He was promoted to prefect of Cangzhou. Li Baochen and Zhu Tao, feuding with Chengsi, jointly besieged Cangzhou. Tingjie held out for years; even when stores were gone, no man turned traitor. The court honored his constancy and transferred him to Xiangzhou. When Chengsi seized Ci and Xiang, Tingjie kept himself untouched. When Yue took over he resented Tingjie's integrity and summoned him as deputy commissioner. Tingjie upbraided Yue: "You stand in your uncle's place—you should uphold the dynasty's law and keep your fortune. Why join Heng and Yun as traitors? Since these wars began, which rebel has kept his whole house alive? If you will not turn back, kill me now—don't make me watch Tian blood on another man's sword! He pleaded illness and refused to leave his house. Yue came to apologize in person; Tingjie barred his door and died in outrage.

弘正幼通兵法，善騎射，承嗣愛之，以為必興吾宗，名之曰興。季安時，為衙內兵馬使、同節度副使，封沂國公。季安侈汰，銳殺罰，弘正從容規切，軍中賴之，翕然歸重。季安內忌，出為臨清鎮將，欲因罪誅之。弘正陽痹痼，臥家不出，乃免。季安死，子懷諫襲節度，召還舊職。

Hongzheng learned strategy young and shot well from horseback; Chengsi adored him, believing he would restore the clan, and named him Xing—"Prosper." Under Ji'an he served as inner-gate horse commissioner and deputy commissioner, enfeoffed Duke of Yi. Ji'an lived lavishly and punished harshly; Hongzheng counseled him steadily, and the troops looked to Hongzheng with growing respect. Ji'an grew jealous and sent him to command Linqing, planning to destroy him on some pretext. Hongzheng played crippled with a chronic ailment, stayed bedridden at home, and survived. Ji'an died; his son Huaijian took command and restored Hongzheng to his old post.

懷諫委政於家奴蔣士則，措置不平，眾怒，咸曰：「兵馬使吾帥也。」牙兵即詣其家迎之，弘正拒不納，眾嘩於門，弘正出，眾拜之，脅還府，弘正頓於地，度不免，即令於軍曰：「爾屬不以吾不肖，使主軍，今與公等約，能聽命否？」皆曰：「惟公命。」因曰：「吾欲守天子法，舉六州版籍請吏於朝，茍天子未命，敢有請吾旗節者死，殺人及掠人者死。」皆曰：「諾。」遂到府，殺士則及支黨十餘人。於是圖魏、博、相、衛、貝、澶之地，籍其入以獻，不敢署僚屬，而待王官。

Huaijian handed power to his house steward Jiang Shize, who ruled unfairly. The soldiers fumed: "Our horse commissioner is the man who should lead us. The guard troops marched to his house to install him; Hongzheng would not open the door. They shouted at the gate until he came out; they bowed and dragged him back to headquarters. He sank to the ground, saw there was no escape, and told the army: "You mean to make me your commander—then hear my terms: will you obey?" Whatever you say," they answered." I will uphold imperial law," he said. "We will surrender the six prefectures' registers and ask the court for officials. Until the throne appoints a governor, anyone who demands my seal and banner dies—and anyone who kills or loots dies too." Agreed," they said. He entered headquarters and executed Shize and more than ten of his followers. He surveyed Wei, Bo, Xiang, Wei, Bei, and Chan, listed their revenues for the throne, appointed no officials of his own, and waited for the court to send them.

先時，諸將出屯，質妻子，裏民不得相往來。弘正悉除其禁，聽民通饋謝慶吊。服玩僭侈者，即日徹毀之。承嗣時，正寢華顯，弘正避不敢居，更就采訪使堂皇聽事。幽、恒、鄆、蔡大懼，遣客鐫說鉤染，弘正皆拒遣之。憲宗美其誠，詔檢校工部尚書，充魏博節度使。又遣司封郎中知制誥裴度宣慰，賚其軍錢百五十萬緡，六州民給復一年，赦見囚，存問高年、惸獨、廢疾不能自存者。度明辯，具陳朝廷厚意，弘正不覺自失，乃深相結納，奉上益謹。復請度遍行其部，宣示天子恩詔。因令節度僉謀布衣崔歡奉表陳謝，且言：「天寶以來，山東奧壤，化為戎墟，官封世襲，刑賞自出，國家含垢，垂六十年。臣若假天之齡，奉陛下宸算，冀道揚太和，洗濯偽風，然後退歸丘園，避賢者路，死不恨。」制詔褒答，且賜今名，錫與踵塗。

Before, generals on campaign left their families as hostages and common people were forbidden to visit one another. Hongzheng lifted every restriction and let people visit freely for gifts, congratulations, and funerals. Anyone flaunting forbidden luxuries had them stripped and destroyed that same day. Chengsi's hall had been opulent; Hongzheng refused to live there and held court in the investigating commissioner's plainer hall. The governors of You, Heng, Yun, and Cai were terrified and sent agents to flatter and bribe him; Hongzheng turned every one away. Xianzong praised his loyalty and made him acting Minister of Works and military governor of Weibo. The court sent Secretariat Director Pei Du to announce imperial favor: one million five hundred thousand strings for the army, a year's tax remission for the six prefectures, amnesty for prisoners, and relief for the aged, the alone, and the disabled. Pei Du spoke with force and laid out the throne's goodwill; Hongzheng felt himself humbled and drew close to him, serving the court with redoubled care. He asked Pei Du to tour the whole command and read the emperor's edicts of grace. He had his adviser, the commoner Cui Huan, submit a memorial of thanks: "Since Tianbao the heartland east of the mountains has been battleground; offices and fiefs passed father to son, punishments and rewards came from private hands—and the throne bore that shame for nearly sixty years. If Heaven lengthens my days, I will follow Your Majesty's design, restore peace, and scour away these false ways—then withdraw to my home and make way for better men. I could die content. An edict praised him in reply, granted his present name Hongzheng, and showered him with gifts.

天子討蔡，弘正遣子布以兵三千進戰，數有功。李師道疑其襲己，不敢顯助蔡，故元濟失援，王師得致誅焉。王承宗叛，詔弘正以全師壓境，破其眾南宮，承宗懼，歸窮於弘正，弘正表諸朝，遂獻德、棣二州以謝，納二子為質。

When the throne attacked Cai, Hongzheng sent his son Bu with three thousand men to the front; they won repeated victories. Li Shidao feared a strike against himself and dared not aid Cai openly, so Yuanji lost support and the imperial army finished him. Wang Chengzong rebelled; Hongzheng was ordered to mass his full army on the border and routed him at Nangong. Chengzong, terrified, appealed to Hongzheng, who petitioned the court; Chengzong surrendered De and Di and sent two sons as hostages.

俄而李師道拒命，詔弘正與宣武等五節度兵進討。弘正自揚劉度河，距鄆四十里堅壁；師道大將劉悟率精兵屯河東。戰陽谷，再遇再北，斬萬餘級，賊勢蹙。悟乃反兵，斬師道首，詣弘正降，取十有二州以獻。初，悟既平賊，大張飲軍中，凡三日，設角觝戲，引魏博使至廷以為歡，悟盱衡攘臂助其決，坐中皆憚悟勇。客有白弘正者，弘正曰：「鄆士疲於戰，瘡者未起，悟當恤亡吊乏，尉士大夫心，奈何取快目前邪？吾奉詔按軍，伺悟去就，今知其無能為也。」既而詔悟為義成軍節度使，狼狽上道，時稱知悟之明。

Soon Li Shidao defied the throne; Hongzheng joined five other governors, including Xuanwu, in a joint campaign. Hongzheng crossed the Yangliu ford and entrenched forty li from Yun; Shidao's chief general Liu Wu held the east bank with picked troops. At Yanggu they clashed twice and the rebels lost both times; more than ten thousand were killed and the enemy was cornered. Wu then mutinied, cut off Shidao's head, surrendered to Hongzheng, and turned over twelve prefectures. After the victory Wu feasted the army for three days, staged wrestling matches, and invited the Weibo envoy to watch; he glared and cheered the bouts, and everyone feared his ferocity. Someone told Hongzheng, who said: "Yun's soldiers are exhausted; the wounded are still abed. Wu should mourn the dead and aid the destitute to win over the gentry—not indulge himself for a moment's pleasure. I was ordered to oversee the army and watch Liu Wu," he said. "Now I see he cannot do anything. An edict then made Liu Wu governor of Yicheng; he left in disorder, and contemporaries praised Hongzheng for reading him correctly.

以功加弘正檢校司徒、同中書門下平章事。是歲來朝，對麟德殿，眷勞殊等；引見僚佐將校二百餘人，皆有班賜；進兼侍中，實封戶三百；擢其兄融為太子賓客、東都留司。弘正數上表固請留闕下，帝勞曰：「昨韓弘以疾辭不就軍，朕既從之矣，今卿復爾，我不應違。但魏人樂卿之政，四鄰畏卿之威，為朕長城，又安用辭？」弘正遂還。常欲變山東承襲舊風，故悉遣子姓仕朝廷，帝皆擢任之，朱紫滿門，榮冠當時。

For his service Hongzheng was made acting Minister of Works and chancellor. That year he came to court, was received at Linde Hall, and honored beyond the usual; more than two hundred aides and commanders were presented and all received graded rewards; he was further made Palace Attendant with three hundred taxable households; his elder brother Rong was made Mentor of the Heir Apparent and left at the Eastern Capital. Hongzheng repeatedly asked to stay at court. The emperor said: "Han Hong just declined command on grounds of illness and I let him go—you ask the same, and I cannot refuse. But Wei loves your rule and the borders fear your strength. Be my bulwark—why refuse? Hongzheng went back. He wanted to break the hereditary custom of the northeast and sent every son and kinsman to serve at court; the throne promoted them all until purple and scarlet robes filled the house—the envy of the age.

穆宗立，王承元以成德軍請帥，帝詔弘正兼中書令，為節度使。弘正以新與鎮人戰，有父兄怨，取魏兵二千自衛，入其軍。時天子賜錢一百萬緡，不時至，軍有怨言，弘正親加撫喻乃安。仍請留魏兵為紀綱，以持眾心，度支崔倰吝其稟，沮卻之。長慶元年七月，歸衛卒於魏，是月軍亂，並家屬將吏三百餘人皆遇害，年五十八。帝聞震悼，冊贈太尉，謚曰忠湣。

When Muzong took the throne, Wang Chengyuan offered Chengde to the court; Hongzheng was made chief director and military governor. He had just fought the Zhen troops and many bore blood grudges; he took two thousand Wei soldiers as escort into their camp. The throne had promised a million strings of cash that arrived late; the troops grumbled until Hongzheng calmed them in person. He asked to keep Wei troops as a guard force; Fiscal Commissioner Cui Jun, stingy with their pay, refused. In the seventh month of Changqing 1 he sent the Wei guards home; that month the army mutinied and killed him with more than three hundred kin, staff, and officers. He was fifty-eight. The emperor was stricken with grief and posthumously made him Grand Preceptor with the posthumous name Zhongmin.

弘正幼孤，事融甚謹，軍中嘗分曹習射，弘正註矢聯中，融退，抶怒之，故當季安猜暴時能自全。及為軍中推迫，融不悅曰：「爾竟不自晦，取禍之道也。」朝廷知其友愛，詔拜相州刺史，賜金紫，不欲其相遠也。

Orphaned young, Hongzheng served his brother Rong meticulously. During squad archery he scored every marked shot; Rong withdrew and beat him for it—discipline that helped him survive Ji'an's suspicious reign. When the troops pressed him to lead, Rong warned: "You refuse to keep your head down—that is how men invite ruin. Knowing their bond, the court made Rong prefect of Xiang with gold and purple rank so the brothers would stay near each other.

弘正性忠孝，好功名，起樓聚書萬餘卷，通《春秋左氏》，與賓屬講論終日，客為著《沂公史例》行於世。弘正之禍也，其判官劉茂復獨免，士相戒曰：「是人議事盡忠，遇吾等信，敢幹其家者共殺之。」

Loyal and ambitious, Hongzheng built a library of ten thousand volumes, mastered the Zuo Commentary, and debated history with guests all day—a guest's Records of Duke Yi circulated widely. When Hongzheng fell, only his aide Liu Maofu was spared. The soldiers swore: "He served us faithfully—harm his family and we kill you. So they swore.

弘正子布、群、牟。弘正子布布字敦禮，幼機悟。弘正戍臨清，布知季安且危，密白父，請以眾歸朝，弘正奇之。及得魏，使布總親兵。王師誅蔡，以軍隸嚴綬，屯唐州。帝以布大臣子，或有罪，且橈法，弘正請以董畹代，而士卒愛布願留，帝乃止。凡十八戰，破淩雲柵，下郾城，以功授御史中丞。裴度輕出觀兵沱口，賊將董重質以奇兵掩擊，布伏騎數百突出薄之，諸軍繼至，賊驚引還。蔡平，入為左金吾衛將軍。諫官嘗論事帝前，同列將麾卻之，布止曰：「使天子容直臣，毋輕進。」弘正徙成德，以布為河陽節度使，父子同日受命。時韓弘與子公武亦皆領節度，而天下以忠義多田氏。布所至，必省冗將，募戰卒，寬賦勸穡，人皆安之。長慶初，徙涇原。

His sons were Bu, Qun, and Mou. Hongzheng's son Bu, courtesy name Dunli, was precocious as a boy. While Hongzheng held Linqing, Bu saw Ji'an was doomed and secretly urged his father to surrender the troops to the throne; Hongzheng was astonished. Once he held Wei, he put Bu in command of his personal guard. When the imperial army took Cai, his troops were assigned to Yan Shou and stationed at Tangzhou. Fearing favoritism toward a minister's son, Hongzheng asked Dong Wan to replace Bu; the troops wanted Bu to stay and the emperor relented. In eighteen battles he stormed the Lingyun palisade and took Yancheng, earning appointment as Vice Censor-in-Chief. Pei Du rode out to inspect Tuokou; Dong Chongzhi ambushed him. Bu's hidden cavalry charged, the main force followed, and the rebels fled. After Cai fell he entered court as general of the Left Golden Guard. When censors debated before the throne and colleagues tried to wave them off, Bu said: "Let the emperor hear honest words—do not brush them aside. When Hongzheng went to Chengde, Bu was made governor of Heyang—father and son commissioned the same day. Han Hong and his son Gongwu held commands at the same time, and the empire praised the Tian family for loyalty. Wherever Bu served he cut redundant generals, recruited fighters, eased taxes, and encouraged farming—and people prospered. In early Changqing he was transferred to Jingyuan.

弘正遇害，魏博節度使李病不能軍，公卿議以魏強而鎮弱，且魏人素德弘正，以布之賢而世其官，可以成功。穆宗遽召布，解缞拜檢校工部尚書、魏博節度使，乘傳以行。布號泣固辭，不聽；乃出伎樂，與妻子賓客決曰：「吾不還矣！」未至魏三十里，跣行被發，號哭而入，居堊室，屏節旄。凡將士老者，兄事之。祿奉月百萬，一不入私門，又發家錢十餘萬緡頒士卒。以牙將史憲誠出麾下可任，乃委以精銳。時中人屢趣戰，而度支饋餉不繼，布輒以六州租賦給軍。引兵三萬進屯南宮，破賊二壘。

After Hongzheng's murder the Wei Bo governor, Li, was too ill to command. Ministers argued that Wei was strong, Zhen weak, and the Wei troops still revered Hongzheng—with Bu's talent and name, the post could work. Muzong summoned Bu at once, had him leave mourning, and made him acting Minister of Works and Wei Bo governor, sending him off by relay. Bu wept and refused, but the throne would not listen; he dismissed his musicians and told wife, children, and guests: "I am not coming back! Thirty li from Wei he walked barefoot with hair unbound, wailing; he lived in a mourning hut and laid aside banner and seal. He treated every veteran soldier as an elder brother. He took none of his million-month salary for himself and paid out more than a hundred thousand strings from family funds to the troops. He trusted his guard general Shi Xiancheng with elite troops. Eunuchs kept pressing for battle while pay failed to arrive; Bu fed the army from the six prefectures' tax rolls. He advanced thirty thousand men to Nangong and took two rebel forts.

於是朱克融據幽州，與王廷湊唇齒。河朔三鎮舊連衡，桀驁自私，而憲誠蓄異志，陰欲乘釁，又魏軍驕，憚格戰，會大雪，師寒糧乏，軍中謗曰：「它日用兵團，粒米盡仰朝廷。今六州刮肉與鎮、冀角死生，雖尚書瘠己肥國，魏人何罪？」憲誠得間，因以搖亂。會有詔分布軍合李光顏救深州，兵怒，不肯東，眾遂潰，皆歸憲誠，唯中軍不動。布以中軍還魏。明日，會諸將議事，眾嘩曰：「公能行河朔舊事，則生死從公，不然，不可以戰。」布度眾且亂，嘆曰：「功無成矣！」即為書謝帝曰：「臣觀眾意，終且負國。臣無功，不敢忘死。願速救元翼，毋使忠臣義士塗炭於河朔。」哭授其從事李石訖，乃入，至几筵，引刀刺心曰：「上以謝君父，下以示三軍。」言訖而絕，年三十八，贈尚書右僕射，謚曰孝。子鐬，宣宗時歷銀州刺史，坐以私鎧易邊馬論死，宰相崔鉉奏布死節於國，可貸鐬以勸忠烈，故貶為州司馬。布弟群群，會昌中歷蔡州刺史，坐贓且抵死，兄肇聞之，不食卒。宰相李德裕奏：「漢河間人尹次、潁川人史玉坐殺人當死，次兄初、玉母渾詣官請代，因縊物故，於時皆赦其死。」於是武宗詔減死一等。群弟牟牟寬厚明吏治，為神策大將軍。開成初，鹽州刺史王宰失羌人之和，詔牟代之。累遷鄜坊節度使，再徙天平，三為武寧，一為靈武軍，官至檢校尚書左僕射，卒。諸子皆有方面功，以忠義為當世所高。

Zhu Kerong held Youzhou and stood shoulder to shoulder with Wang Tingcou. The three Hebei commands had long colluded, proud and selfish. Xiancheng nursed other plans and watched for a chance. The Wei troops were arrogant and feared hard fighting; snow fell, cold and hunger set in, and men grumbled: "When we fought before, every grain came from the court. Now the six prefectures are stripped bare to fight Zhen and Ji to the death—the Minister may starve himself for the realm, but what have the people of Wei done? Xiancheng seized the moment and stirred mutiny. An edict ordered Bu to join Li Guangyan at Shenzhou; the troops refused to march east, broke ranks, and rallied to Xiancheng—only the central guard held firm. Bu led the central guard back to Wei. Next day at council the generals shouted: "Restore the old Hebei ways and we follow you to death—otherwise we will not fight. Bu saw riot coming and sighed: "There is no victory here." He wrote the emperor: "I see the troops will betray the throne in the end. I have no merit, but I will not shrink from death. Hurry to save Yuanji—do not let loyal men be destroyed in Hebei. Weeping, he gave the letter to aide Li Shi, entered, stood at the altar, stabbed his heart, and said: "Above, to answer my emperor and father; below, to answer my army." He died at thirty-eight, posthumously made Right Vice Director with the posthumous name Xiao. His son Huan served as Yin prefect under Xuanzong and was condemned to death for trading private armor for frontier horses; Cui Xuan argued Bu had died for the state and Huan should be spared to honor loyalty, so he was reduced to prefectural libationer. Bu's brother Qun was Cai prefect in Huichang and was condemned to death for graft; his elder brother Zhao, hearing it, starved himself to death. Li Deyu cited Han precedents: Yin Ci and Shi Yu faced death for murder; their kin offered to die in their place and were pardoned. Wuzong then reduced the sentence by one degree. Qun's brother Mou was generous and skilled in administration, and became a great general of the Divine Strategy Army. In early Kaicheng Yan prefect Wang Zai lost the Qiang's trust; Mou replaced him. He rose to Bian-Fang governor, served twice at Tianping, three times at Wuning, once at Lingwu, reached acting Left Vice Director, and died. Every son won regional distinction, and the age honored the family for loyalty.

=王承元=

Wang Chengyuan

王承元者，承宗弟也。有沈謀。年十六，勸承宗亟引兵共討李師道，承宗少之，不用，然軍中往往指目之。承宗死，未發喪，大將謀取帥它姓。參謀崔燧與諸校計，以祖母涼國夫人李命承元嗣。承元泣且拜，不受，諸將牢請，承元曰：「上使中貴人監軍，盍先請？」監軍至，又如命，乃謝曰：「諸君不忘王氏以及孺子，茍有令，其從我乎？」眾曰：「惟所命。」乃視事牙闔之偏，約左右不得稱留後，事一關參佐，密表請帥於朝。穆宗詔起居舍人柏耆宣慰。授承元檢校工部尚書、義成軍節度使。北鎮以兩河故事脅誘，承元不納，諸將皆悔。耆至，士哭於軍，承元令曰：「諸君不欲我去，意固善。雖然，格天子詔，我獲罪奈何？前李師道有詔赦死，欲舉族西，諸將止弗遣，他日乃共殺之。今君等幸置我，無與師道比。」乃遍拜諸將，諸將語塞。承元即出家貲盡賜之，斬不從命者十輩，軍乃定。於是諫議大夫鄭覃宣慰，賜其軍錢百萬緡，赦囚徒，問孤獨、廢疾不能自存者粟帛有差。

Wang Chengyuan was the younger brother of Chengzong. He was deeply shrewd. At sixteen he urged Chengzong to march against Li Shidao; Chengzong dismissed him as young, but the troops watched him closely. When Chengzong died, before mourning was announced, senior generals plotted to give the command to another clan. Staff officer Cui Sui and the commanders arranged for Grandmother Lady Li of Liang to name Chengyuan successor. Chengyuan wept and refused; the generals pressed him. He said: "The court sends eunuch supervisors—should we not ask them first? When the supervisor confirmed the order, he thanked them: "You remember the Wang house and this boy—if I command, will you obey?" Whatever you say," they answered. He took office at a side gate, forbade the title "acting governor," routed all business through staff, and secretly asked the court for a appointed commander. Muzong sent Palace Diarist Bai Qi to announce imperial favor. Chengyuan was made acting Minister of Works and governor of Yicheng. Northern commands tempted him with old two-river precedents; he refused, and his generals regretted it. When Bai Qi arrived the troops wept. Chengyuan said: "You want me to stay—that is kind. But if we defy the emperor's edict, how do I answer for it? Li Shidao once had a pardon and tried to move his clan west; his generals stopped him—and later killed him. Be generous and let me go—do not make me another Shidao. He bowed to each general in turn; none could answer. He gave away his family fortune, executed ten who disobeyed, and the army settled. Remonstrance Officer Zheng Tan announced imperial grace: a million strings for the army, amnesty for prisoners, and relief for orphans, the alone, and the disabled.

承元去鎮，左右裒器幣自隨，承元使空褚毋留。入朝，昆弟拜刺史者四人，位於朝者四十人。祖母入見，帝命中宮禮賚異等。徙承元鄜坊丹延節度。俄徙鳳翔。鳳翔右袤涇、原，地平少巖險，吐蕃數入盜。承元據勝地為鄣，置守兵千，詔號臨汧城。府郛左百賈州聚，異時為虜剽奪，至燎烽相警，承元版堞繚之，人乃告安。以勞封岐國公。太和初，祖母喪，詔曰：「武俊當橫流時，拯定奔潰，功在史官。今李不幸，贈恤宜加厚。」且給儀仗以葬。

Leaving command, attendants packed valuables to carry off; Chengyuan emptied every chest and took nothing. At court four brothers were made prefects and forty kinsmen held office. His grandmother was received in audience; the empress was ordered to honor her with special gifts. Chengyuan was transferred to governor of Bian, Fang, Dan, and Yan. Soon he moved to Fengxiang. Fengxiang bordered Jing and Yuan on a flat plain with little natural defense, and Tibetans raided often. He built a barrier fort on strong ground, garrisoned a thousand men, and the court named it Linqian. Merchants from a hundred districts gathered west of headquarters and were often robbed until beacon fires lined the roads; Chengyuan walled the market and people slept safely. For the work he was enfeoffed Duke of Qi. In early Taihe his grandmother died; an edict said: "Wujun, in turbulent times, steadied the fleeing collapse—merit written in the histories. Lady Li's death is untimely; posthumous honors should be generous. Imperial guards were sent for the funeral.

五年，徙節平盧、淄青。始，鹽禁未嘗行兩河，承元請歸有司，由是兗、鄆諸鎮皆奉法。承元資仁裕，所至愛利。卒，年三十三，贈司徒。

In the fifth year he was posted governor of Pinglu and Ziqing. The salt monopoly had never applied in Hebei; Chengyuan returned it to central control, and Yan, Yun, and the other commands followed suit. Generous by nature, he governed wherever he went with care for the people. He died at thirty-three and was posthumously made Minister of Works.

=牛元翼=

Niu Yuanji

牛元翼，趙州人。材果而謀。王承宗時倚其計為強雄，與傅良弼二人冠諸將。王廷湊叛，穆宗以元翼在成德，名出廷湊遠甚，自深州刺史擢為深冀節度使，以攜其軍。廷湊怒，遣部將王位以銳兵攻元翼，不勝，乃合朱克融共圍之。詔進元翼成德軍節度使，以宣武兵五百進援，元翼固守。長慶二年，詔赦廷湊罪，徙元翼山南東道，以深州賜廷湊，使中人促元翼南。廷湊恨之，已受詔，兵不解。招討使裴度詒書誚讓，克融解而歸，廷湊退舍。詔並加檢校工部尚書，兩悅之。淹月，元翼率十餘騎冒圍跳德、棣，朝京師。廷湊入，盡殺元翼親將臧平等百八十人。元翼見延英，賚問優縟，命中人楊再昌取其家，並迎田弘正喪。廷湊辭以弘正殯亡在所，元翼家須秋遣。魏博節度使史憲誠遣其弟入趙，四返，說廷湊曰：「田公非得罪於趙，屍尚何惜？元翼去深州，乃一孤將，何利其家？」廷湊乃歸弘正喪於京師。元翼聞平等死，憤恚卒，悉還所賜於朝，廷湊遂夷其家。附傅良弼良弼字安道，清河人。以射冠軍中。初，瀛之博野、樂壽，介范陽、成德間，每兵交，先薄二城，故常為劇屯。德宗以王武俊破朱滔功，皆隸成德，故以良弼守樂壽，李寰守博野。廷湊之叛，兩賊交誘之，而堅壁為國固守。有詔以樂壽為左神策行營，拜良弼為都知兵馬使；寰所領士隸右神策，號忻州營，亦以寰為都知兵馬使。賜第京師。俄以良弼為沂州刺史。良弼率眾出，戰力，乃得去。寰引兵三千趨忻州，廷湊邀之，寰斬三百級，追者不敢前。天子以良弼、寰忠有狀，乃更賜奴婢服馬。召良弼為左神策軍將軍。寶歷初，擢夏綏銀節度使。異時蕃帳亡命來者，必償馬乃與，良弼至，皆執付其部，酋種歡懷。終橫海節度使。寰擢累保義軍節度使。

Niu Yuanji was from Zhao prefecture. He was bold and resourceful. Under Wang Chengzong he was the strongest strategist; with Fu Liangbi he ranked above every general. When Wang Tingcou rebelled, Muzong promoted Yuanji from Shen prefect to governor of Shen and Ji—his fame in Chengde far outshone Tingcou's, and the court meant to split the army. Tingcou sent general Wang Wei with elite troops against Yuanji; failing, he joined Zhu Kerong in a joint siege. An edict made Yuanji governor of Chengde and sent five hundred Xuanwu troops to reinforce him; he held out. In Changqing 2 the court pardoned Tingcou, moved Yuanji to Shannan East, gave Shenzhou to Tingcou, and sent eunuchs to hurry Yuanji south. Tingcou hated the deal; though he accepted the edict, his siege never lifted. Campaign commander Pei Du rebuked them in writing; Kerong withdrew and Tingcou pulled back. Both were made acting Ministers of Works, and both were mollified. A month later Yuanji broke out with a dozen horsemen, rode to De and Di, and reached the capital. Tingcou entered and slaughtered Yuanji's chief officers, including Zang Ping—one hundred eighty men. Yuanji was received at Yanying with lavish honors; the emperor sent eunuch Yang Zaichang for his family and Tian Hongzheng's coffin. Tingcou refused, saying Hongzheng's coffin was wherever it happened to be and Yuanji's family would come in autumn. Wei Bo governor Shi Xiancheng sent his brother into Zhao four times to tell Tingcou: "Minister Tian did Zhao no wrong—why withhold his body? Yuanji has left Shenzhou—a lone general. What do you gain by holding his family? Tingcou then sent Hongzheng's coffin to the capital. Yuanji died of rage when he learned Ping and the rest were dead; he sent back every court gift, and Tingcou wiped out his family. Appendix: Fu Liangbi, courtesy name Andao, was from Qinghe. He was the army's finest archer. Boye and Yueshou in Ying lay between Fanyang and Chengde; every campaign struck them first, so both were critical posts. Dezong placed both under Chengde after Wang Wujun broke Zhu Tao; Liangbi held Yueshou and Li Huan held Boye. When Tingcou rebelled both rebels tried to win them, but they held their walls for the throne. An edict made Yueshou the Left Divine Strategy mobile camp and named Liangbi its army commander; Huan's troops joined the Right Divine Strategy as the Xinzhou camp, with Huan as commander. They were given houses in the capital. He was soon named prefect of Yi. Liangbi fought his way out with his men and barely escaped. Huan marched three thousand men toward Xinzhou; Tingcou intercepted him; Huan killed three hundred pursuers and the rest halted. The emperor rewarded their loyalty with slaves, maids, robes, and horses. Liangbi was recalled as general of the Left Divine Strategy Army. In early Baoli he became governor of Xia, Sui, and Yin. Former governors demanded payment for every tribal refugee; Liangbi seized fugitives and returned them to their tribes, and the chiefs trusted him. He ended his career as governor of Heng-Hai. Huan rose to governor of Baoyi.

王智興討李同捷未克，而烏重胤卒，謂寰可共立功，請諸朝，乃授橫海節度使。師所過暴鈔，至屯，按軍不進，遂身入朝，盛陳賊勢，請濟師，欲大調發。群臣議寰兵太重，且盜滄、景，未決而棣州平。寰內愧不自安，願留京師，遂罷保義軍、忻州營，更授夏綏宥節度使，卒。

Wang Zhixing, failing against Li Tongjie after Wu Chongyin died, asked the court for Huan as co-commander and got him as Heng-Hai governor. His army looted every march and stalled at camp; he went to court in person, overstated the enemy, and demanded massive reinforcements. Ministers feared Huan's army was too large and was raiding Cang and Jing; before they decided, Di prefecture fell. Ashamed, Huan asked to stay at court; Baoyi and the Xinzhou camp were dissolved; he was reposted to Xia-Sui-You and died.

寰再易鎮，治無可言者。然廷湊之亂，聯軍十五萬無成功，賊鋒不可嬰，而樂壽、博野截然峙中者累歲，梗其吞暴，議者以為難。敬宗世，寰圖其事上之。

After two transfers his governance amounted to little. Yet while a hundred fifty thousand allied troops failed against Tingcou, Yueshou and Boye stood alone in the middle for years and blocked his expansion—no small feat, debaters said. Under Jingzong, Huan mapped the campaign and submitted it to the throne.

=史孝章=

Shi Xiaozhang

史孝章，字得仁，資修謹。父憲誠，以戰力奮，賓客用挽強擊劍相矜，孝章獨退讓如諸生，稱道皆《詩》、《書》。魏博節度使李訴閱大將子弟籍於軍，孝章願以文署職，奇之，檄試都督府參軍。

Shi Xiaozhang, courtesy name Deren, was careful and cultivated. His father Xiancheng rose by force; guests bragged of archery and swordplay—Xiaozhang hung back like a scholar and quoted only the Odes and Documents. Wei Bo governor Li Su reviewed officers' sons on the rolls; Xiaozhang asked for a civil post; Su was impressed and tested him as headquarters adjutant.

憲誠得魏，遷士曹參軍。孝章見父數奸命，內非之，承間諫曰：「大河之北號富強，然而挺亂取地，天下指河朔若夷狄然。今大人身封侯，家富不貲，非痛洗溉，竭節事上，恐吾踵不旋禍且至。」因涕下沾衿。父粗武，不盡聽。文宗賢之，擢孝章節度副使，累遷檢校左散騎常侍。父欲助李同捷，孝章切爭，憲誠稍憚其義。又勸出師討同捷自明，帝益嘉之，進檢校工部尚書。及兵出，父敕孝章統之。入朝，勞予蕃厚。憲誠亦上書求覲，帝知非憲誠意，特緣孝章悟發，故分相、衛、澶而授孝章節度使。未至，魏人亂，父卒死於軍。帝念史氏禍而恤孝章，故奪喪拜右金吾衛將軍。徙節鄜坊，進檢校戶部尚書。久之，自邠寧以病丐還，卒於行，年三十九，贈尚書右僕射。孝章本名唐，後改今名。從父憲誠憲誠弟憲忠，字元貞，少為魏牙門將。田弘正討齊、蔡，常為先鋒，閱三十戰，中流矢，酣鬥不解，由是著名。憲誠表為貝州刺史。魏亂，奔京師，加累檢校右散騎常侍、隴州刺史。增亭鄣，徙客館於外，戎諜無所伺。

When Xiancheng took Wei, Xiaozhang became army personnel adjutant. Seeing his father repeatedly defy the throne, Xiaozhang urged him: "Hebei is called rich and strong, yet by seizing land in rebellion the empire treats us like barbarians. You are a marquis and our house overflows with wealth—unless you purge this and serve the throne utterly, disaster will come before I turn away. He wept until his collar was wet. His rough-spirited father did not fully heed him. Wenzong admired him, made him deputy commissioner, and promoted him to acting Left Regular Palace Attendant. When his father wanted to aid Li Tongjie, Xiaozhang argued fiercely and Xiancheng feared his integrity. He urged marching against Tongjie to prove loyalty; the emperor praised him and made him acting Minister of Works. When the army marched, his father put Xiaozhang in command. At court he was honored with rich rewards. Xiancheng asked to come to court; the emperor knew the idea was Xiaozhang's, not his, and split off Xiang, Wei, and Chan for Xiaozhang as governor. Before he arrived Wei mutinied and his father died in camp. Pitying Xiaozhang amid the Shi disaster, the emperor cut short mourning and made him Right Golden Guard general. He was posted to Bian-Fang and promoted to acting Minister of Revenue. Long after, he left Binning ill, died on the road at thirty-nine, and was posthumously made Right Vice Director. He was originally named Tang and later renamed Xiaozhang. Xiancheng's younger brother Xianzhong, courtesy name Yuanzhen, was a Wei gate general in youth. In Tian Hongzheng's campaigns against Qi and Cai he always led the van; in thirty battles he kept fighting though arrows struck him, and fame followed. Xiancheng had him appointed prefect of Bei. When Wei rebelled he fled to court and was made acting Right Regular Palace Attendant and Long prefect. He added outposts and moved guest lodges outside the walls so enemy spies could not watch.

會昌中，築三原城，吐蕃因之數犯邊。拜憲忠涇原節度使以怖其侵，吐蕃遣使來請墮城，且願以嘗殺使者之人置塞上。憲忠使謝曰：「前吾未城。爾犯我地，安得禁吾城？爾知殺吾使為負，宜先取罪人謝我，將無所不得。今與爾約，前節度使事一置之。」吐蕃情得而服。憲忠疏涇於隍，積緡錢十萬、粟百萬斛，戍人宜之。會党項羌內寇，又徙朔方，有詔馳驛赴屯，憲忠辭曰：「羌不得其心，故不自安。今亟往，知吾為備，鬥益健，請徐行。」許之。乃移書與羌人，示要約。羌人乃皆喜，奉酒湩迎道。

In Huichang he built Sanyuan city; Tibetans raided the border more often because of it. Xianzhong was made Jingyuan governor to deter raids; Tibet asked that Sanyuan be razed and demanded the men who had killed their envoys be handed over. Xianzhong replied: "Before I built the city, you crossed my land. How can you forbid me to build? You know killing my envoy was wrong—bring the guilty and apologize first; then we can talk of anything. Today I offer a pact: forget what the last governor did. Tibet was satisfied and submitted. He dredged Jingzhou's moat, stockpiled a hundred thousand strings and a million hu of grain, and the garrison approved. When Tangut Qiang raided inland he was transferred to Shuofang; ordered to rush by relay, Xianzhong refused: "The Qiang are unsettled and restless. If I hurry now they will know we are ready and fight harder—I ask to march slowly. The court agreed. He sent the Qiang letters setting terms. The Qiang rejoiced and met him on the road with wine and kumiss.

大中初，突厥擾河東，鈔漕米行賈，徙節振武軍。於是故帥荒沓，使遊弈兵覘戎有良馬牛，強取之，歸直十一，戎人怒，因興盜掠。憲忠廉儉，少所欲，嘗曰：「吾居河朔，去此三千里，乃乘五健馬。今守邊，發吾余奉，不患無馬，何忍豪市哉？」故所至莫不懷德。累封北海縣子，檢校尚書左僕射，兼金吾大將軍。以病自丐，改左龍武統軍。卒，年七十一，贈司空。

In early Dazhong Turks harassed Hedong and looted grain convoys and merchants; he was posted to Zhenwu. The previous governor had been slack; patrols scouted tribal herds and seized good horses and cattle, paying a tenth of value—the tribes raged and raided. Frugal and upright, he said: "In Hebei, three thousand li from here, I rode five good horses. Now on the frontier I live on my salary and lack no horses—how could I seize them by force? Wherever he served, men honored his integrity. He was enfeoffed Viscount of Beihai, made acting Left Vice Director, and concurrent Golden Guard general. Ill, he asked to retire and was made commander of the Left Dragon Martial Guard. He died at seventy-one and was posthumously made Minister of Works.

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