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忠義上
Loyalty and Righteousness (Part One)
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夫有生所甚重者，身也； 得輕用者，忠與義也。 後身先義，仁也； 身可殺，名不可死，誌也。 大凡捐生以趣義者，寧豫期垂名不朽而為之？ 雖一世成敗，亦未必濟也； 要為重所與，終始一操，雖頹嵩、岱，不吾壓也。 夷、齊排周存商，商不害亡，而周以興。 兩人至餓死不肯屈，卒之武王蒙慚德，而夷、齊為得仁，仲尼變色言之，不敢少損焉。 故忠義者，真天下之大閑歟！ 奸鈇逆鼎，搏人而肆其毒，然殺一義士，則四方解情，故亂臣賊子然疑沮而不得逞。 何哉？ 欲所以為彼者，而為我也。 義在與在，義亡與亡，故王者常推而褒之，所以砥礪生民而窒不軌也。 雖然，非烈丈夫，曷克為之？ 彼委靡軟熟，偷生自私者，真畏人也哉！ 故次敘夏侯端以來凡三十三人於左方。
Among all things possessed by the living, nothing is valued more heavily than one's own body; Only loyalty and righteousness may be lightly spent. To put righteousness before oneself is benevolence; One's body may be slain, but one's name must not perish — that is true resolve. As a rule, would those who give up their lives in pursuit of righteousness do so merely because they expected immortal fame? Even the outcome of an entire age may not necessarily be changed by such acts; What matters is to honor one's commitments and hold to a single principle from start to finish — though even Mount Song and Mount Tai collapse, they cannot weigh upon one. Bo Yi and Shu Qi rejected Zhou and remained loyal to Shang, yet Shang still fell and Zhou still rose. The two men starved rather than submit, and in the end King Wu was shamed by his deed while Bo Yi and Shu Qi were judged to have attained true benevolence — Confucius spoke of them with solemn reverence and would not slight them in the least. Thus loyalty and righteousness are truly the great moral bulwarks of the world! The wicked sharpen axes and seize the imperial throne, attacking people and spreading their poison — yet when a single righteous man is killed, the hearts of the four quarters turn cold, and treacherous ministers and wicked sons grow doubtful and dispirited, unable to have their way. Why is this so? What they mean to accomplish against others, they accomplish for my benefit instead. Where righteousness stands, I stand; where it falls, I fall — therefore rulers constantly praise and reward such loyalty, to sharpen the moral fiber of the people and cut off the way of the lawless. Still, unless one is a man of resolute courage, how could one achieve such deeds? Those who are weak and self-serving, clinging to life for selfish ends — how truly they ought to be despised! Accordingly, I chronicle below, beginning with Xiahou Duan, thirty-three men in all.
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夏侯端，壽州壽春人，梁尚書左僕射詳孫也。 仕隋為大理司直。 高祖微時與相友，大業中討賊河東，表端為副。 端邃數術，密語高祖曰：「玉床搖，帝坐不安。 晉得歲，真人將興，安天下之亂者，其在公乎！ 但上性沈忌，內惡諸李，今金才已誅，次且取公，宜蚤為計。」 帝感其言。 義師興，端在河東，吏捕送長安。 帝入京師，釋囚，引入臥內，擢秘書監。
Xiahou Duan was a native of Shouchun in Shou Prefecture and the grandson of Xiang, Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing under the Liang dynasty. Under the Sui he served as Directing Clerk of the Court of Judicial Review. He befriended Gaozu when the latter was still obscure; during the Daye era, when Gaozu campaigned against bandits in Hedong, he recommended Duan as his deputy. Duan was versed in numerology and prognostication and secretly told Gaozu: "The imperial seat trembles and the throne is unsettled. The stars align for the year; a true sovereign will arise — the one who will bring peace to the realm's chaos is surely you! But the emperor is deep and suspicious, and inwardly hates the Li clan; now that Jin Cai has been executed, you will be next — you should plan ahead. Gaozu was deeply moved by what he said. When the righteous army rose in rebellion, Duan was in Hedong; officials arrested him and sent him to Chang'an. When the Emperor entered the capital, he released the prisoners, brought Duan into his bedchamber, and appointed him Director of the Secretariat.
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李密之降，關東地未有所屬，端請假節招諭，乃拜大將軍，為河南道招尉使。 即傳檄州縣，東薄海，南揵淮，二十餘州遣使順附。 次譙州，會亳、汴二州刺史已降王世充，道塞，無所歸，計窮仿徨。 麾下二千人糧盡不忍委端去，端乃殺馬宴大澤中，謂眾曰：「我奉王命，義無屈。 公等有妻子，徒死無益。 吾丐若首，持與賊以取富貴。」 眾號泣不忍視，端亦泣，欲自刎，爭持之，乃止。 行五日，餓死十四三。 遇賊，眾潰，從者才三十餘人，遂東走，擷豆以食。 端持節臥起，嘆曰：「平生不知死地乃在此！」 縱其下令去，毋俱沒。 會李公逸守杞州，勒兵迎端。 時河南地悉入世充，公逸感端之節，亦固守。 世充遣人以淮南郡公、尚書少吏部印綬召端，解所服衣以贈。 端曰：「吾，天子使，寧汙賊官邪！ 非持首去不可見。」 即焚書及衣，因解節毛懷之，間道走宜陽，歷崖峭榛莽。 比到，其下僅有在者，皆體發臒焦，人不堪視。 端入謁，自謝無功，不及危困狀。 帝閔之，復拜秘書監。 出為梓州刺史。 散祿稟周孤窮，不為子孫計。 貞觀元年卒。
After Li Mi's surrender, the lands east of the Pass had no clear allegiance; Duan requested imperial credentials to rally the region and was appointed Grand General and Commissioner for Summoning and Pacification of Henan Circuit. He immediately issued proclamations to prefectures and counties; from the coast in the east to the Huai River in the south, more than twenty prefectures sent envoys to submit. When he reached Qiao Prefecture, he found that the prefects of Bo and Bian had already surrendered to Wang Shichong; the road was blocked and he had nowhere to go, and in desperation he wandered aimlessly. His two thousand troops, though their provisions were exhausted, could not bear to leave him; Duan then slaughtered horses for a feast in a great marsh and told the men: "I bear the emperor's command and by duty cannot submit. You have wives and children — to die pointlessly would serve no purpose. Give me your heads — take them to the enemy in exchange for wealth and rank. The men wept and could not bear to watch; Duan wept as well, tried to kill himself, and they restrained him until he stopped. After five days on the march, forty or fifty percent of them had starved to death. They encountered enemy forces and the group scattered; only a little over thirty men remained, and they fled east, gathering wild beans to eat. Duan kept the imperial tally with him at all times and sighed: "I never thought in all my life that I would meet my death in such a place! He released his subordinates and told them to leave, so they would not all die together. By chance Li Gongyi was defending Qi Prefecture and led his troops out to welcome Duan. At that time all of Henan had fallen to Wang Shichong; moved by Duan's steadfastness, Gongyi also held his ground. Wang Shichong sent envoys bearing the seals and cords of Duke of Huainan and Vice Director of the Left Selection Bureau to summon Duan, and even offered his own robe as a gift. Duan said: "I am the emperor's envoy — would I stain myself with a traitor's rank! Only by carrying my head away can I go before him. He immediately burned the letter and robe, tucked the tassel of his tally inside his robe, and fled by hidden paths toward Yiyang through steep cliffs and thorny wilderness. When he arrived, of those who had accompanied him almost none remained alive; they were emaciated, their hair fallen out and their skin scorched — unbearable to behold. Duan entered to pay his respects, apologized for his lack of success, and said nothing of the hardships he had endured. The Emperor took pity on him and reappointed him Director of the Secretariat. He was appointed Prefect of Zizhou. He gave away his salary to support orphans and the destitute and made no provision for his descendants. He died in the first year of the Zhenguan era.
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劉感，岐州鳳泉人，後魏司徒豐生孫也。 武德初，以驃騎將軍戍涇州，為薛仁杲所圍，糧盡，殺所乘馬啖士，而煮骨自飲，至和木屑以食。 城垂陷，長平王叔良救之，賊乃解。 與叔良出戰，為賊執，還圍涇州，令感約城中降。 感紿諾，至城下大呼曰：「賊大饑，亡在朝暮，秦王數十萬眾且至，勉之無苦。」 仁杲怒，執感埋其半土中，馳射之。 至死，詈益甚。
Liu Gan was a native of Fengquan in Qi Prefecture and the grandson of Fengsheng, Grand Minister of State of Northern Wei. Early in the Wude era, as General of Agile Cavalry he garrisoned Jing Prefecture; when besieged by Xue Rengao and their provisions ran out, he slaughtered his horse to feed his men, boiled bones for broth for himself, and even mixed wood shavings into the food. When the city was about to fall, Prince of Changping Shuliang came to the rescue and the rebels withdrew. When he went out to fight alongside Shuliang, he was captured; the rebels brought him back to besiege Jing Prefecture and ordered him to persuade the city to surrender. Gan pretended to agree; when he reached the foot of the wall he shouted: "The rebels are starving and will perish at any moment! The Prince of Qin is coming with an army of hundreds of thousands — hold on, do not lose heart! Rengao flew into a rage, had Gan seized, buried him halfway in the ground, and galloped past shooting at him. Until he died, his curses only grew louder.
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賊平，高祖購得其屍，祭以少牢，贈瀛州刺史，爵平原郡公，封戶二千，謚忠壯。 詔其子嗣封爵，賜田宅焉。
After the rebels were defeated, Gaozu offered a reward for his body and performed the minor sacrificial rites; Gan was posthumously appointed Prefect of Ying Prefecture, enfeoffed as Duke of Pingyuan with two thousand households, and given the posthumous name Loyal and Stalwart. An edict permitted his son to inherit the title and granted him land and a residence.
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常達，陜州陜人。 仕隋為鷹擊郎將。 嘗從高祖征伐，與宋老生戰霍邑，軍敗自匿，帝意已死，久乃自歸。 帝大悅，命為統軍，拜隴州刺史。
Chang Da was a native of Shan in Shan Prefecture. Under the Sui he served as Colonel of Hawk Strikes. He once followed Gaozu on campaign and fought Song Laosheng at Huoyi; when the army was defeated he went into hiding, and the Emperor thought him dead until he finally returned on his own. The Emperor was overjoyed, appointed him army commander, and made him Prefect of Long Prefecture.
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時薛舉方強，達敗其子仁杲，斬首千級。 舉遣將仵士政紿降，達不疑，厚加撫接。 士政伺隙劫之，並其眾二千歸賊。 舉指其妻謂達曰：「識皇后乎？」 答曰：「彼癭老嫗，何所道？」 舉奴張貴又曰：「亦識我否？」 達瞋目曰：「若乃奴耳。」 貴忿，舉笏擊其面，達不為懾，亦拔刀逐之，趙弘安為蔽捍，乃免。 仁杲平，帝見達，勞曰：「君忠節，正可求之古人。」 為執士政殺之，賜達布帛三百段，以達並劉感事授史臣令狐德棻雲。 終隴西刺史。
At that time Xue Ju was at the height of his power; Da defeated his son Rengao and took a thousand heads. Xue Ju sent his general Wu Shizheng to feign surrender; Da believed him and treated him generously. Shizheng waited for an opening, captured him, and took his two thousand troops back to the rebels. Xue Ju pointed to his wife and asked Da: "Do you recognize the Empress? Da replied: "That old woman with the goiter — what's there to discuss? Xue Ju's slave Zhang Gui then asked: "Do you recognize me as well? Da glared and said: "You're nothing but a slave." Zhang Gui in anger raised his tablet and struck Da's face; Da was unafraid and drew his knife to pursue him; Zhao Hong'an shielded him and thus he escaped harm. After Rengao was defeated, the Emperor received Da and praised him: "Your loyalty and steadfastness are qualities one could seek among the ancients. He had Shizheng seized and executed, granted Da three hundred bolts of silk, and entrusted the stories of Da and Liu Gan to the historian Linghu Defen. He ended his career as Prefect of Longxi.
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敬君弘，絳州絳人，北齊尚書右僕射顯俊曾孫也。 累功歷驃騎將軍，封黔昌侯。 以屯營兵守玄武門。 隱太子之死，左右解散。 其車騎將軍馮立者，有材武，嘆曰：「生賴其寵，死不共難，我無以見士大夫！」 乃與巢王親將謝叔方率兵攻玄武門，殊死鬥。 君弘挺身出，或曰：「事未可判，當按兵待變，成列而鬥可也。」 不從。 與中郎將呂世衡呼而進，皆戰歿。 立顧其下曰：「足以報太子矣。」 遂解兵走。 君弘等敗，秦府兵不振。 尉遲敬德擲巢王首示叔方，叔方下馬慟，亦出奔。 明日自歸，太宗曰：「義士也。」 置之。 俄而立又至，帝讓曰：「汝離我兄弟，罪一也； 殺我將士，罪二也。 何所逃死？」 答曰：「出身事主，當戰之日，不知其它。」 因伏地悲不自勝，帝亦勞遣之。 詔贈君弘左屯衛大將軍，世衡右驍衛將軍。
Jing Junhong was a native of Jiang in Jiang Prefecture and the great-grandson of Xianjun, Right Vice Director of the Masters of Writing under Northern Qi. Through accumulated merit he rose to General of Agile Cavalry and was enfeoffed as Marquis of Qianchang. He commanded the garrison troops guarding the Xuanwu Gate. When the Hidden Crown Prince was killed, his attendants scattered. Among them was Chariot and Cavalry General Feng Li, a capable warrior, who sighed: "In life I enjoyed his favor, yet in death I did not share his peril — how can I face other gentlemen! He then joined Prince of Qi's close general Xie Shufang in leading troops to attack the Xuanwu Gate, fighting desperately. Junhong stepped forward boldly; someone advised: "The outcome is not yet clear — you should hold your troops and wait; it would be better to fight in formation. He refused to listen. He charged forward with Gentlemen-of-the-House Lü Shiheng; both fell in battle. Feng Li turned to his men and said: "This is enough to repay the Crown Prince. He then dismissed his troops and fled. With Junhong defeated, the Prince of Qin's forces were demoralized. Yuchi Jingde threw the head of the Prince of Qi before Shufang; Shufang dismounted in anguish and fled as well. The next day he surrendered himself; Taizong said: "He is a man of integrity. Taizong let the matter rest. Before long Feng Li appeared again; the Emperor rebuked him: "You turned against my brothers — that is your first offense; You killed my officers and soldiers — that is your second offense. How can you hope to escape death? He replied: "Having devoted myself to my lord, on the day of battle I thought of nothing else." He prostrated himself, overcome with grief; the Emperor consoled him and sent him away. An edict posthumously appointed Junhong Grand General of the Left Rear Guard and Shiheng General of the Right Martial Guard.
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立已蒙貸，歸語人曰：「上赦吾罪，吾當以死報。」 未幾，突厥犯便橋，立引數百騎與虜薄，敗之咸陽。 帝喜，授廣州都督。 前日牧守苛肆，為蠻夷患，故數叛。 立至，不事家產，衣食弗求贏。 嘗見貪泉曰：「此豈隱之所酌邪？ 吾雖日汲，庸易吾性哉？」 遂極飲去。 在職不三年，有惠愛，卒於官。
Having been pardoned, Feng Li returned and told others: "The Emperor has forgiven my crime — I shall repay him with my life. Before long the Turks raided at Bian Bridge; Feng Li led several hundred cavalry to engage the enemy and defeated them at Xianyang. The Emperor was delighted and appointed him Regional Commander of Guangzhou. Previously the local officials had been harsh and tyrannical, oppressing the tribal peoples and causing repeated rebellions. When Feng Li arrived, he did not amass property for his family and sought no profit in food or clothing. When he came upon the Avarice Spring he said: "Is this what a man of integrity would drink from? Even if I draw from it every day, would that easily change my character? He then drank his fill and went on. He served less than three years, won the people's affection, and died in office.
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叔方歷伊州刺史，善治軍，戎、華愛之。 累加銀青光祿大夫，徙洪、廣二州都督。 卒，謚曰勤。 本萬年人，從巢王征討有功，王表為屈咥真府左軍騎雲。
Shufang served as Prefect of Yi Prefecture and was skilled at military administration; both tribal peoples and Chinese held him in affection. He was promoted to Grand Master of Splendid Happiness with Silver Seal and transferred to serve as Regional Commander of Hong and Guang prefectures. He died and was given the posthumous name Diligent. Originally from Wannian, he followed the Prince of Qi on campaigns with distinction and was recommended by the prince as Left Army Cavalry Commander.
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呂子臧，蒲州河東人。 剛直，健於吏。 隋大業末國南陽郡丞，捕擊盜賊有功。 高祖入京師，遣馬元規慰輯山南，獨子臧堅守。 元規遣士諷曉，子臧殺之。 及煬帝已弒，帝更使其婿薛君倩賫詔，言隋所以亡，諭子臧。 子臧為故君發喪訖，即送款，就拜鄧州刺史，封南陽郡公。
Lü Zizang was a native of Hedong in Pu Prefecture. He was upright and resolute and excelled in administrative affairs. At the end of the Daye era he served as Assistant Prefect of Nanyang and distinguished himself in capturing bandits. When Gaozu entered the capital, he sent Ma Yuangui to pacify the region south of the mountains, but Zizang alone held his ground. Yuangui sent a messenger to persuade him to surrender; Zizang had the man killed. After Emperor Yang was assassinated, Gaozu sent his son-in-law Xue Junqian with an edict explaining the fall of the Sui, seeking to persuade Zizang. Zizang held funeral rites for the former emperor and then submitted; he was immediately appointed Prefect of Deng Prefecture and enfeoffed as Duke of Nanyang.
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武德初，朱粲新衄，子臧率兵與元規並力。 元規軍不進，子臧曰：「乘賊新敗，上下惶沮，一戰可禽； 若遷延，其眾稍集，吾食盡，致死於我，不可當也。」 不納。 子臧請以所部兵獨進，又不許。 俄而粲得眾，復張，元規嬰城，子臧扼腕曰：「謀不見用，坐公死矣。」 賊圍固。 會霖雨，雉堞崩剝，或勸其降，子臧曰：「我，天子方伯，且降賊乎？」 乃率麾下數百人赴敵死，城亦陷，元規死之。
Early in the Wude era, after Zhu Can had suffered a fresh defeat, Zizang led troops to join forces with Yuangui. Yuangui's army refused to advance; Zizang said: "The enemy has just been defeated and is demoralized — one decisive battle could capture them; if we delay, their forces will regroup; once our provisions run out, they will fight us to the death and we cannot hold them off. Yuangui refused to listen. Zizang asked to advance alone with his own troops; again he was refused. Before long Zhu Can regrouped and recovered his strength; Yuangui shut himself in the city; Zizang wrung his hands and said: "Since my advice goes unheeded, we will sit here and die. The rebels tightened their siege. Heavy rains fell and the walls crumbled; some urged him to surrender; Zizang said: "I am the emperor's regional governor — would I surrender to rebels? He then led several hundred of his men to charge the enemy and die fighting; the city fell as well, and Yuangui died with it.
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元規，安陸人。 初以隊正從帝征伐，持節下南陽，得兵萬餘，然無謀，至於敗。
Yuangui was a native of Anlu. He had first followed the Emperor on campaign as a squad leader, leading imperial credentials south to Nanyang and raising over ten thousand troops, but he lacked strategic ability and ultimately suffered defeat.
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王行敏，并州樂平人。 隋末為盜長，高祖興，來降，拜潞州刺史，遷屯衛將軍。 劉武周入并州，寇上黨，取長子、壺關。 或言刺史郭子武懦不支，且失潞，帝遣行敏馳往。 既至，與子武不葉，賊圍急，儲偫空乏，眾恫懼，行敏患之。 會有告子武謀反，遂斬之。 州民陳正謙者，以信義稱鄉里，出粟千石濟軍，由是人自奮，賊乃去。 行敏又敗竇建德兵於武陟。 武德四年，督兵徇燕、趙，與劉黑闥戰歷亭，破之。 既而釋甲不設備，為黑闥所掩，縛致麾下。 終不屈，賊遂斬之。 且死，西向跪曰：「臣之忠，惟陛下知之。」 帝聞而悼惜。
Wang Xingmin was a native of Leping in Bing Prefecture. At the end of the Sui he was a bandit chief; when Gaozu rose in rebellion he surrendered and was appointed Prefect of Lu Prefecture, then transferred to General of the Garrison Guard. When Liu Wuzhou entered Bing Prefecture, he raided Shangdang and captured Changzi and Huguan. Reports reached the Emperor that Prefect Guo Ziwu was too timid to hold out and that Lu Prefecture would be lost; the Emperor sent Xingmin there at once. When he arrived, he and Ziwu could not cooperate; the siege was pressing, provisions were exhausted, and the troops were terrified; Xingmin was deeply worried. When someone reported that Ziwu was plotting rebellion, Xingmin had him executed. A local man named Chen Zhengqian, renowned in the community for his integrity, contributed a thousand shi of grain to supply the army; inspired by this, the men rallied and the rebels withdrew. Xingmin also defeated Dou Jiande's forces at Wuzhi. In the fourth year of Wude, he led troops through Yan and Zhao, fought Liu Heita at Liting, and defeated him. Soon afterward he laid aside his armor and took no precautions; Heita ambushed him, bound him, and brought him to his camp. He never yielded, and the rebels beheaded him. Facing death, he knelt toward the west and said: "Your Majesty alone knows my loyalty. When the Emperor heard this, he grieved deeply.
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黑闥之亂，死事者又有盧士叡、李玄通。
During Liu Heita's rebellion, Lu Shirui and Li Xuantong also died in the line of duty.
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士叡客韓城。 隋亂，結納英豪。 高祖與之舊，及兵興，率數百人上謁汾陰，又使兄子諭降劇賊孫華，與劉弘基敗隋將桑顯和於飲馬泉。 擢累右光祿大夫，為瀛州刺史。 黑闥遣輕騎破其郛，拒戰半日，士見親屬系虜，乃潰。 士叡為賊擒，欲使說下城堡，不從，見殺。
Shirui was a resident of Hancheng. When the Sui dynasty fell into chaos, he gathered and recruited men of ability. Gaozu had known him for years; when the rebellion began, he led several hundred men to pay homage at Fenyin; he also sent his nephew to persuade the formidable bandit Sun Hua to surrender and, with Liu Hongji, defeated the Sui general Sang Xianhe at Yinma Spring. He was promoted to Right Grand Master of Splendid Happiness and appointed Prefect of Ying Prefecture. Heita sent light cavalry to breach his outer defenses; after half a day of fighting, his troops saw their families taken captive and broke and fled. Shirui was captured; the rebels wanted him to persuade fortified cities to surrender, but he refused and was put to death.
18
玄通，藍田人。 為隋鷹揚郎將，高祖入關，率所部自歸，拜定州總管。 為黑闥所破，愛其才，欲以為將。 玄通曰：「吾當守節以報，烏能降誌賊邪？」 不聽，囚之。 故吏有餉飲饋者，玄通曰：「諸君見哀，吾能一醉。」 遂縱飲，謂守者曰：「吾能劍舞，可借刀。」 守士與之。 曲終，仰天太息曰：「大丈夫撫方面，不能保所守，尚可視息邪？」 乃潰腹死。 帝為流涕，擢其子伏護大將軍。
Li Xuantong was a native of Lantian. He had served the Sui as Colonel of Flying Hawks; when Gaozu entered the Pass, he led his troops to surrender and was appointed General Commandant of Ding Prefecture. After being defeated by Heita, who admired his talent and wished to make him a general. Xuantong said: "I must uphold my integrity in repayment — how could I lower myself to serve a rebel? Heita would not listen and had him imprisoned. Former subordinates brought him food and drink; Xuantong said: "You pity me — let me have one last drink. He drank freely and said to his guards: "I can perform a sword dance — lend me a sword. The guards gave him one. When the dance ended, he sighed toward heaven and said: "A man who governed a region yet could not hold what he was charged to defend — how can he still go on living? He then ran himself through and died. The Emperor wept and promoted his son Fuhu to Grand General.
19
羅士信，齊州歷城人。 隋大業時，長白山賊王薄、左才相、孟讓攻齊郡，通守張須陀率兵擊賊。 士信以執衣，年十四，短而悍，請自效。 須陀疑其不勝甲，少之。 士信怒，被重甲，左右，上馬顧眄。 須陀許之。 擊賊濰水上，陣才列，執長矛馳入賊營，刺殺數人，取一級擲之，承以矛，戴而行，賊皆眙懼無敢亢。 須陀乘之，大破賊。 士信逐北，每殺一賊，輒劓鼻納諸懷，暨還，驗以代級。 須陀嘆伏，遺以所乘馬。 凡戰，須陀先登，士信副，以為常。 煬帝遣使圖須陀、士信陣法上內史。
Luo Shixin was a native of Licheng in Qi Prefecture. During the Daye era, the Changbai Mountain bandits Wang Bo, Zuo Caixiang, and Meng Rang attacked Qi Prefecture; Circuit Defender Zhang Xituo led troops against them. Shixin served as a personal attendant; at fourteen he was short but fierce and volunteered for service. Xituo doubted he could wear armor and underestimated him. Angered, Shixin put on heavy armor, strutted back and forth, mounted a horse, and looked about proudly. Xituo agreed to let him fight. At the battle on the Wei River, as the lines were forming, he galloped into the rebel camp with a long spear, killed several men, severed a head and impaled it on his spear, and walked along displaying it; the rebels stared in terror and none dared oppose him. Xituo pressed the advantage and routed the rebels. Shixin pursued the fleeing enemy; for each rebel he killed he cut off the nose and tucked it in his robe; on return they were counted in place of severed heads. Xituo marveled and gave him his own horse. In every battle Xituo led the charge and Shixin followed — this became their custom. Emperor Yang sent envoys to have the battle formations of Xituo and Shixin recorded and submitted to the Imperial Secretariat.
20
後須陀為李密所殺，士信與裴仁基歸密，署總管，俾統所部討王世充。 身被重創，見獲於世充。 世充愛其才，厚遇之，與同寢食。 後得密將邴元真等，故士信稍稍疏斥。 士信恥與伍，率所部千餘人來降高祖，拜陜州道行軍總管，因謀世充。
Later Xituo was killed by Li Mi; Shixin and Pei Renji joined Li Mi; Shixin was appointed Supervisor and charged with leading his own troops against Wang Shichong. Severely wounded, he was captured by Wang Shichong. Wang Shichong admired his ability, treated him generously, and even shared meals and lodging with him. Later, when Wang Shichong captured Li Mi's generals including Bing Yuanzhen, Shixin was gradually marginalized. Ashamed to remain among them, Shixin led more than a thousand of his men to surrender to Gaozu; he was appointed Grand General on Campaign for Shanzhou Circuit and plotted against Wang Shichong.
21
士信行則先鋒，反則殿，有所獲，悉散戲下有功者，或脫衣解馬賜之，士以故用命。 然持法嚴，至親舊無少貸，其下亦不甚附。 師次洛陽，攻千金堡，堡有惡言訽軍，士信怒，夜遣百人載嬰兒啼噪堡下，若自東都出奔者，既而陽悟曰：「非也，此千金堡耳。」 因散去。 堡兵開門追掠，士信伏入，屠之無類。 賊平，授絳州總管，封郯國公。
In advance Shixin served as vanguard; in retreat he covered the rear; he distributed all spoils among deserving subordinates and sometimes gave away his own clothes and horses; his men therefore fought with total devotion. Yet he enforced the law strictly, showing no leniency even to close friends and relatives, and his subordinates were not deeply devoted to him. When the army reached Luoyang and attacked Qianjin Fort, the garrison hurled insults at the troops; Shixin in anger sent a hundred men by night carrying infants whose crying echoed below the fort, as if refugees were fleeing from the Eastern Capital; then they pretended to realize: "No — this is Qianjin Fort. They then dispersed. The garrison opened the gates to pursue and plunder; Shixin's men sprang the ambush and slaughtered every soul inside. After the rebels were defeated, he was appointed General Commandant of Jiang Prefecture and enfeoffed as Duke of Tan.
22
從秦王擊劉黑闥洛水上，得一城，王君廓戍之，賊急攻，潰而出。 王語諸將：「孰能守此？」 士信曰：「願以守。」 乃命之。 士信已入，賊悉眾攻，方雨雪，救軍不得進。 城陷，黑闥欲用之，不屈而死，年二十八。 王隱悼，購其屍以葬，謚曰勇。 初，士信為仁基所禮，及東都平，出家財斂葬北邙以報德，且曰：「我死當墓其側。」 至是，如所誌。
Following the Prince of Qin in attacking Liu Heita on the Luo River, they captured a city and Wang Junguo was assigned to garrison it; the rebels attacked fiercely and Junguo broke out in defeat. The Prince asked his generals: "Who can hold this city? Shixin said: "I will hold it. The Prince appointed him. Once Shixin was inside, the rebels attacked with their full strength; rain and snow fell, and relief troops could not reach him. The city fell; Heita wished to employ him, but Shixin refused to submit and was killed at the age of twenty-eight. The Prince mourned in private, ransomed his body for burial, and gave him the posthumous name Brave. Earlier Shixin had been treated with honor by Pei Renji; when the Eastern Capital was pacified, he spent his family fortune to have Renji buried on Northern Mang to repay his kindness, saying: "When I die, bury me at his side. When the time came, it was done as he had wished.
23
張道源，并州祁人，名河，以字顯。 年十四，居父喪，士人賢其孝，縣令郭湛署所居曰復禮鄉至孝裏。 道源嘗與客夜宿，客暴死，道源恐主人忽怖，臥屍側，至署乃告，又徒步護送還其家。 隋末政亂，辭監察御史，歸閭里。
Zhang Daoyuan was a native of Qi in Bing Prefecture; his given name was He, but he was known by his style name. At fourteen, while mourning his father, local scholars praised his filial devotion; Magistrate Guo Zhan named his neighborhood Fuli Village, Lane of Utmost Filial Piety. Daoyuan once lodged overnight with a guest who died suddenly; fearing the innkeeper would be terrified, he slept beside the corpse until morning before informing anyone, then walked the body home on foot. When the Sui government collapsed into chaos, he resigned as Investigating Censor and returned home.
24
高祖興，署大將軍府戶曹參軍。 至賈胡堡，復使守并州。 京師平，遣撫慰山東，下燕、趙。 有詔褒美，封累范陽郡公。 淮安王神通略定山東，令守趙州，為竇建德所執。 會建德寇河南，間遣人詣朝，請乘虛搗賊心脅。 即詔諸將率兵影接。 俄而賊平，還，拜大理卿。 時何稠得罪，籍其家屬賜群臣。 道源曰：「禍福何常，安可利人之亡，取其子女自奉？ 仁者不為也。」 更資以衣食遣之。 天子見其年耆，拜綿州刺史。 卒，贈工部尚書，謚曰節。 道源雖官九卿，無產貲，比亡，余粟二斛。 詔賜帛三百段。
When Gaozu rose in rebellion, he was appointed Staff Officer of the Household Bureau in the Grand General's Office. When the army reached Jiahu Fort, he was again assigned to defend Bing Prefecture. After the capital was pacified, he was sent to pacify Shandong and brought Yan and Zhao under control. An imperial edict praised his service and he was enfeoffed as Duke of Fanyang. When Prince of Huai'an Wang Shentong pacified Shandong, Daoyuan was ordered to hold Zhao Prefecture and was captured by Dou Jiande. When Jiande raided Henan, Daoyuan secretly sent envoys to court, urging an attack on the enemy's rear while their main force was away. An edict immediately ordered the generals to march in support. Before long the rebels were defeated; he returned and was appointed Minister of Justice. At that time He Chou had fallen from favor; his family members were confiscated and distributed among the court officials. Daoyuan said: "Fortune and misfortune are unpredictable — how can one profit from another's ruin and take his children for one's own service? A man of benevolence would not do such a thing. Instead he provided them with food and clothing and sent them on their way. Seeing his advanced age, the Emperor appointed him Prefect of Mian Prefecture. He died and was posthumously appointed Minister of Works, with the posthumous name Steadfast. Although Daoyuan held one of the Nine Ministers' posts, he owned no property; at his death only two hu of grain remained. An edict granted three hundred bolts of silk.
25
族孫楚金有至行，與兄越石皆舉進士。 州欲獨薦楚金，固辭，請俱罷。 都督李勣嘆曰：「士求才行者也。 既能讓，何嫌皆取乎？」 乃並薦之。 累進刑部侍郎。 儀鳳初，彗見東井，上疏陳得失。 高宗欽納，賜物二百段。 武后時，歷秋官尚書，爵南陽侯。 有清概，然尚文刻，當時亦少之。 為酷吏所構，流死嶺表。
His clansman Chujin was a man of exceptional character; he and his elder brother Yueshi both passed the jinshi examination. When the prefecture wished to recommend Chujin alone, he firmly declined and asked that both brothers be passed over. Regional Commander Li Ji exclaimed: "Scholars are valued for their ability and character. If he is capable of yielding, why not recommend them both? He then recommended both brothers. He rose to the post of Vice Minister of Justice. Early in the Yifeng era, when a comet appeared in the Eastern Well constellation, he submitted a memorial analyzing the state's strengths and weaknesses. Emperor Gaozong accepted it with approval and granted him two hundred gifts. Under Empress Wu he served as Minister of Punishments and was enfeoffed as Marquis of Nanyang. He had a reputation for integrity, though he favored strict literary standards; even in his own day he was little understood. Framed by cruel officials, he was exiled and died in the far south.
26
李育德，趙州人。 祖諤，仕隋通州刺史，為名臣。 世富於財，家僮百人。 天下亂，乃私完械甲，嬰武陟城自保，人多從之，遂為長。 劇賊來掠，不能克。 隋亡，與柳燮等歸李密，私署總管。 密為王世充所破，以郡來降，即拜陟州刺史。
Li Yude was a native of Zhao Prefecture. His grandfather E had served the Sui as Prefect of Tong Prefecture and was a renowned official. The family was wealthy and kept a hundred household servants. When the empire fell into chaos, he privately gathered arms and armor, fortified Wuzhi city for self-defense, and many joined him until he became their leader. Formidable bandits came to raid but could not defeat him. After the Sui fell, he joined Li Mi with Liu Xie and others and was appointed Supervisor. After Li Mi was defeated by Wang Shichong, Yude surrendered with his commandery and was immediately appointed Prefect of Shizhou.
27
兄厚德，自賊所逃歸，度河復被執。 賊使招育德，陽許之，故兄不死。 賊帥段大師令裨校以兵守厚德，陰得其歡，乃與州人賈慈行謀逐賊。 慈行夜登城呼曰：「唐兵登矣！」 厚德自獄擁群囚噪而出，斬長史，眾不敢動，大師縋城走。 即拜殷州刺史。 厚德省親，留育德以守，引兵拔賊河內堡三十一所。 世充怒，悉銳士攻之，城陷，猶力戰，與三弟皆歿。
His elder brother Houde escaped from the rebels but was captured again while crossing the river. The rebels sent to summon Yude; he pretended to agree, and thus his brother was spared. The rebel leader Duan Dashi assigned troops to guard Houde; Yude secretly won them over and, with a local man named Jia Cixing, plotted to expel the rebels. Cixing climbed the wall at night and shouted: "The Tang army is on the wall! Houde led the prisoners out of jail in a clamor, beheaded the chief administrator, and when no one dared move, Dashi lowered himself from the wall and fled. Houde was immediately appointed Prefect of Yin Prefecture. When Houde went home to visit his family, he left Yude to hold the prefecture and led troops to capture thirty-one rebel forts in Henei. Wang Shichong in fury sent his best troops against him; when the city fell Yude fought on, and he and his three younger brothers all perished.
28
時死節者又有李公逸、張善相，凡三人。
Others who died upholding their integrity at that time included Li Gongyi and Zhang Shanxiang — three men in all.
29
公逸者，與族弟善行居雍丘，以材雄，為眾所歸。 始附王世充，策其必敗，乃獻款高祖，因其地置杞州，即拜總管，封陽夏郡公。 以善行為刺史。 世充遣其弟將徐、亳兵攻之，公逸請援，未報，因使善行守，身入朝言狀。 至襄城，為賊邏送洛陽。 世充曰：「君越鄭臣唐，何哉？」 答曰：「我於天下唯聞有唐。」 賊怒斬之。 善行亦死。 帝悼惜，封其子襄邑縣公。
Gongyi lived at Yongqiu with his clansman Shanxing; his ability and courage won him a large following. He had initially sided with Wang Shichong but foresaw his defeat and submitted to Gaozu; his territory was made Qi Prefecture, and he was appointed General Commandant and enfeoffed as Duke of Yangxia. Shanxing was appointed prefect. Wang Shichong sent his brother with troops from Xu and Bo to attack; Gongyi requested reinforcements but received no reply, so he left Shanxing to hold the city and went to court himself to report the situation. At Xiangcheng he was intercepted by enemy patrols and sent to Luoyang. Wang Shichong said: "You abandoned Zheng to serve Tang — why? He replied: "In all the realm I have heard only of Tang. The rebels in anger had him beheaded. Shanxing died as well. The Emperor grieved and enfeoffed his son as Duke of Xiangyi County.
30
善相，襄城人。 大業末為里長，督兵跡盜，為眾附賴，乃據許州奉李密。 密敗，挈州以來，詔即授伊州總管。 王世充攻之，屢困賊，遣使三輩請救，朝廷未暇也。 會糧盡，眾餓死，善相謂僚屬曰：「吾為唐臣，當效命。 君等無庸死，斬吾首以下賊可也。」 眾泣不肯，曰：「與公同死，愈於獨生。」 城陷被執，罵賊見殺。 高祖嘆曰：「吾負善相，善相不負我！」 乃封其子襄城郡公。
Zhang Shanxiang was a native of Xiangcheng. At the end of the Daye era he served as village head, leading troops against bandits; trusted by the people, he seized Xu Prefecture and pledged allegiance to Li Mi. After Li Mi's defeat he brought the prefecture over to Tang and was immediately appointed General Commandant of Yi Prefecture. Wang Shichong attacked him; he repeatedly inflicted losses on the enemy and sent three envoys requesting relief, but the court had no time to respond. When provisions ran out and his men began starving to death, Shanxiang told his staff: "I am a minister of Tang and must do my duty. You need not die — cut off my head and offer it to the enemy and that will suffice. They wept and refused, saying: "To die with you is better than living on alone. When the city fell he was captured; he cursed the rebels and was put to death. Gaozu sighed: "I failed Shanxiang, but Shanxiang did not fail me! He then enfeoffed Shanxiang's son as Duke of Xiangcheng.
31
高叡，京兆萬年人，隋尚書左僕射颎孫也。 舉明經，稍遷通義令，有治勞，人刻石載德。 歷趙州刺史，平昌縣子。 聖歷初，突厥默啜入寇，叡嬰城拒，虜攻益急。 長史唐波若度且陷，即與虜通。 叡覺之，力不能制，即自經。 不得死，為虜執，使降諭諸縣，不肯應，見殺。 初，虜至，有為叡計者：「突厥蜂銳，所向無完，公不能亢，且當下之。」 答曰：「我，刺史，不戰而降，罪大矣。」 武后嘆惜，贈冬官尚書，謚曰節。 詔誅波若，籍其家。 下制暴叡忠節、波若臣賊，使天下知之。
Gao Rui was a native of Wannian in the capital region and the grandson of Yong, Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing under the Sui. He passed the Mingjing examination and rose to Magistrate of Tongyi; the people carved a stone monument to record his virtue in office. He served as Prefect of Zhao Prefecture and was enfeoffed as Viscount of Pingchang County. Early in the Shengli era, when the Türk leader Mo-chuo invaded, Rui shut himself in the city to resist, and the enemy attack grew ever fiercer. When Chief Administrator Tang Boruo saw that the city would soon fall, he secretly contacted the enemy. Rui discovered the treachery but could not stop it and hanged himself. He failed to kill himself and was captured; the enemy ordered him to persuade the surrounding counties to surrender, but he refused and was put to death. When the enemy first arrived, someone advised Rui: "The Türks are fierce and unstoppable — you cannot hold them off; you should submit for now. He replied: "I am the prefect — to surrender without a fight would be an unforgivable crime. Empress Wu grieved and posthumously appointed him Minister of Public Works, with the posthumous name Steadfast. An edict ordered Boruo executed and his property confiscated. An edict proclaimed Rui's loyalty and Boruo's treachery so that all the realm would know.
32
子仲舒，通故訓學，擢明經，為相王府文學，王所欽器。 開元初，宋璟、蘇颋當秉，多咨訪焉。 時舍人崔琳練達政宜，璟等禮異之。 常語人曰：「古事問高仲舒，時事問崔琳，何復疑？」 終太子右庶子。
His son Zhongshu, versed in the classics, passed the Mingjing examination and served as Literary Attendant in the Prince of Xiang's household, where the prince held him in high regard. Early in the Kaiyuan era, when Song Jing and Su Ting held power, they frequently sought his counsel. At that time Attendant Cui Lin was skilled in affairs of state, and Jing and the others treated him with special respect. He often said: "For ancient matters ask Gao Zhongshu; for current affairs ask Cui Lin — what more is there to doubt? He ended his career as Right Vice Director of the Crown Prince's Household.
33
安金藏，京兆長安人。 在太常工籍。 睿宗為皇嗣，少府監裴匪躬、中官範雲仙坐私謁皇嗣，皆殊死，自是公卿不復見，唯工優給使得進。 俄有誣皇嗣異謀者，武后詔來俊臣問狀，左右畏慘楚，欲引服。 金藏大呼曰：「公不信我言，請剖心以明皇嗣不反也。」 引佩刀自剚腹中，腸出被地，眩而仆。 後聞大驚，輿致禁中，命高醫內腸，褫桑<者土>紩之，閱夕而蘇。 後臨視，嘆曰：「吾有子不能自明，不如爾之忠也。」 即詔停獄，睿宗乃安。 當是時，朝廷士大夫翕然稱其誼，自以為弗及也。
An Jinzang was a native of Chang'an in the capital region. He was registered as an artisan with the Court of Imperial Sacrifices. When Ruizong was Heir Apparent, Director of the Palace Manufactories Pei Feigong and the eunuch Fan Yunxian were executed for visiting him privately; thereafter no court officials were permitted to see him — only artisans and performers were allowed in. Soon someone falsely accused the Heir Apparent of plotting rebellion; Empress Wu ordered Lai Junchen to investigate; those around Ruizong feared torture and were ready to confess. Jinzang cried out: "If you will not believe me, let me cut open my heart to prove the Heir Apparent has not rebelled. He drew his belt knife and stabbed himself in the belly; his intestines spilled onto the ground and he collapsed in a faint. The Empress was shocked; he was carried into the palace, skilled physicians restored his intestines and bound the wound with cloth, and by the next evening he had revived. The Empress came to see him and sighed: "My own son could not clear himself — he is not as loyal as you. She immediately halted the investigation, and Ruizong was saved. At that time court officials unanimously praised his loyalty and felt they could not match him.
34
神龍初，母喪，葬南闕口，營石墳，晝夜不息。 地本卬燥，泉忽湧流廬之側，李冬有華，犬鹿相擾。 本道使盧懷慎上其事，詔表闕於閭。 景雲時，遷右武衛中郎將。 玄宗屬其事於史官，擢右驍衛將軍，爵代國公。 詔镵其名於泰、華二山碑以為榮。 卒，配饗睿宗廟廷。 大歷中，贈兵部尚書，謚曰忠。 以子承恩為廬州長史。 中和中，又擢其遠孫敬則為太子右諭德。
Early in the Shenlong era, when his mother died, he buried her at South Que Pass and worked day and night without rest to build her stone tomb. Though the ground was originally dry and elevated, a spring suddenly gushed beside the mourning hut; flowers bloomed in late winter, and dogs and deer wandered together. Circuit Commissioner Lu Huai-shen reported the matter, and an edict ordered a commemorative gate erected in the village. During the Jingyun era he was promoted to Captain of the Right Martial Guard. Emperor Xuanzong had the historians record his deed; Jinzang was promoted to General of the Right Martial Guard and enfeoffed as Duke of Dai. An edict ordered his name carved on the monuments of Mount Tai and Mount Hua as an honor. When he died, he was granted a place in the sacrifices at Ruizong's temple. During the Dali era he was posthumously appointed Minister of War and given the posthumous name Loyal. His son Chengen was appointed Chief Administrator of Lu Prefecture. During the Zhonghe era his distant descendant Jingze was promoted to Right Mentor of the Crown Prince.
35
王同皎，相州安陽人，陳駙馬都尉寬曾孫也。 陳亡，徙河北。 長安中，尚太子女安定郡主，拜典膳郎。 太子，中宗也。 桓彥範等誅二張，遣同皎與李湛、李多祚即東宮迎太子，請至玄武門指授諸將。 太子拒不許，同皎進曰：「逆豎反道，顯肆不軌，諸將與衙執事刻期誅之，須殿下到以系眾望。」 太子曰：「上方不豫，得無不可乎？」 同皎曰：「南將相毀家族以安社稷，奈何欲內之鼎鑊乎？ 太子能自出諭之，眾乃止。」 太子猶豫，同皎即扶上馬，從至玄武門，斬關入。 兵趨長生殿太后所，環侍嚴定，因奏誅易之等狀。 帝復位，擢右千牛將軍，封瑯邪公，食實戶五百。 主進封公主，拜同皎駙馬都尉，遷光祿卿。
Wang Tongjiao was a native of Anyang in Xiang Prefecture and the great-grandson of Kuan, Commandant of Chariots and Cavalry of Chen. When the Chen dynasty fell, the family was relocated to Hebei. During the Chang'an era he married the Crown Prince's daughter, Princess of Anding, and was appointed Master of Provisions. The Crown Prince was Zhongzong. When Huan Yanfan and others executed the Two Zhangs, they sent Tongjiao with Li Zhan and Li Duozuo to the Eastern Palace to fetch the Crown Prince and asked him to come to the Xuanwu Gate to direct the generals. The Crown Prince refused; Tongjiao pressed him: "These traitors violate all propriety; the generals and palace officials have set a date to execute them — we need Your Highness to come and rally the people's hopes. The Crown Prince said: "The Emperor is ill — would that not be improper? Tongjiao said: "Southern ministers and generals have destroyed their own families to save the realm — how can you mean to throw them into the executioner's cauldron? If the Crown Prince would come out himself to reassure them, the crowd would stop. The Crown Prince hesitated; Tongjiao immediately helped him onto a horse, accompanied him to the Xuanwu Gate, cut through the barrier, and entered. The troops rushed to the Chamber of Everlasting Life where the Empress Dowager was, formed a tight ring around her, and reported the grounds for executing Zhang Yizhi and the others. When the Emperor was restored to the throne, Tongjiao was promoted to Right General of the Thousand-Ox Guard, enfeoffed as Duke of Langya, with five hundred households as his fief. The princess was elevated to full princess rank; Tongjiao was appointed Commandant of Horse in Attendance to the Emperor and promoted to Director of the Imperial Household.
36
神龍後，武三思烝濁王室，同皎惡之，與張仲之、祖延慶、周憬、李悛、冉祖雍謀，須武后靈駕發，伏弩射殺三思。 會播州司兵參軍宋之愻以外妹妻延慶，延慶辭，之愻固請，乃成昏。 延慶心厚之，不復疑。 故之愻子曇得其實。 之愻兄之問嘗舍仲之家，亦得其謀。 令曇密語三思。 三思遣悛上急變，且言同皎欲擁兵闕下廢皇后。 帝殊不曉，大怒，斬同皎於都亭驛，籍其家。 同皎且死，神色自如。 仲之、延慶皆死。 憬遁入比幹廟自剄，將死，謂人曰：「比幹，古忠臣，神而聰明，其知我乎！ 後、三思亂朝，虐害忠良，滅亡不久，可幹吾頭國門，見其敗也。」 憬，壽春人。 後太子重俊誅三思，天下共傷同皎之不及見也。 睿宗立，詔復官爵，謚曰忠壯。 誅祖雍、悛等。
After the Shenlong coup, Wu Sansi committed incest and corrupted the imperial house; Tongjiao despised him and conspired with Zhang Zhongzhi, Zu Yanqing, Zhou Jing, Li Quan, and Ran Zuyong to lie in wait with crossbows and kill Sansi when Empress Wu's funeral procession set out. Song Zhixun, a staff officer in Bozhou, sought to marry his younger cousin by marriage to Yanqing; Yanqing declined, but Zhixun pressed the matter until the marriage was made. Yanqing came to trust him deeply and no longer harbored any suspicion. Thus Zhixun's son Tan learned the truth of the plot. Zhixun's elder brother Zhiwen had once lodged at Zhongzhi's house and also learned of the conspiracy. They had Tan secretly inform Sansi. Sansi sent Quan to report an urgent crisis, claiming also that Tongjiao intended to gather troops below the palace gate to depose the Empress. The Emperor completely failed to understand and flew into a rage; Tongjiao was executed at Duyang Station and his household was confiscated. Even as Tongjiao faced death, his expression remained composed. Zhongzhi and Yanqing were both executed. Jing fled into the Temple of Bi Gan and slit his own throat; as he was dying, he said to those present: "Bi Gan was an ancient loyal minister, divine and perceptive — will he know me? The Empress and Sansi throw the court into chaos and cruelly harm the loyal and good; their destruction is not far off — hang my head at the national gate and witness their downfall. Jing was a native of Shouchun. Later, when Crown Prince Chongjun executed Sansi, the realm collectively mourned that Tongjiao had not lived to see it. When Ruizong ascended the throne, an edict restored Tongjiao's offices and titles and gave him the posthumous name Loyal and Valiant. Zuyong, Quan, and the others were executed.
37
先是，許州司戶參軍燕欽融再上書斥韋后擅政，且逆節已萌。 後怒，勸中宗召至廷，撲殺之。 宗楚客復私令衛士極力，故死。 又博陵人郎岌亦表後及楚客亂，被誅。 至是，俱贈諫議大夫，備禮改葬，賜欽融一子官。
Previously, Yan Qinrong, a registrar in Xu Prefecture, had submitted memorials twice denouncing Empress Wei's seizure of power and warning that treason was already stirring. The Empress was enraged and persuaded Zhongzong to summon him to court, where he was beaten to death. Zong Chuke privately ordered the guards to exert maximum force, which is why he died. Lang Ji of Boling also submitted a memorial accusing the Empress and Chuke of treason and was executed. At this point both were posthumously granted the post of Remonstrance and Reproof Minister, given full funeral rites and reburial, and one of Qinrong's sons was granted an official post.
38
同皎子繇尚永穆公主，生子潛，字弘誌。 生三日，賜緋衣、銀魚。 幼莊重，不喜兒弄。 以帝外孫，補千牛，復選尚公主，固辭。 元和中擢累將作監。 吏或籍名北軍，輒驕墯不事，潛悉奏罷之，故不戒而辨。 監無公食，而息錢舊皆私有，至潛，取以具食，遂為故事。
Tongjiao's son You married Princess Yongmu and fathered Qian, styled Hongzhi. On the third day after his birth, he was bestowed crimson robes and a silver fish tally. From childhood he was dignified and sober, with no taste for childish play. As the Emperor's grandson-in-law, he was appointed to the Thousand-Ox Guard; he was again selected to marry a princess but firmly declined. During the Yuanhe era he was repeatedly promoted, eventually reaching Director of Works. Some subordinates whose names appeared on Northern Army rolls grew arrogant and slacked in their duties; Qian had them all dismissed by memorial, and matters were handled without prior warning or difficulty. The office had no official provisions, and interest payments had traditionally been kept private; under Qian they were used for communal meals, and this became the established practice.
39
遷左散騎常侍，拜涇原節度使。 憲宗與對，大悅，曰：「吾知而善職，我自用之。」 潛至鎮，繕壁壘，積粟，構高屋偫兵，利而嚴。 遂引師自原州逾硤石，取虜將一人，斥烽候，築歸化、潘原三壘。 請復城原州，度支沮議，故原州復陷。 穆宗即位，封瑯邪郡公，更節度荊南。 疏吏惡，榜之里閭，殺尤縱者。 分射三等，課士習之，不能者罷，故無冗軍。 大和初，檢校尚書左僕射。 卒於官，贈司空。
He was promoted to Left Cavalier Attendant-in-Ordinary and appointed Military Commissioner of Jingyuan. Emperor Xianzong met with him and was greatly pleased, saying: "I know you excel at your duties — I shall employ you myself. When Qian arrived at his post, he repaired ramparts, stockpiled grain, built high structures to store arms, and made the prefecture both prosperous and strict. He then led troops from Yuan Prefecture across Shimeng Pass, captured one enemy officer, drove back the beacon-guards, and built three fortresses at Guihua and Panyuan. He requested that Yuan Prefecture be fortified again, but the Board of Revenue blocked the proposal, and Yuan Prefecture fell once more. When Emperor Muzong ascended the throne, Qian was enfeoffed as Duke of Langya and transferred to serve as Military Commissioner of Jingnan. He posted notices of official misconduct in the wards and executed the worst offenders. He divided archery into three grades, trained the soldiers accordingly, and dismissed those who could not meet the standard, so there were no superfluous troops. In the early Dahe era he was appointed acting Left Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs. He died in office and was posthumously granted the title Grand Marshal.
40
吳保安字永固，魏州從。 氣挺特不俗。 睿宗時，姚、巂蠻叛，拜李蒙為姚州都督，宰相郭元振以弟之子仲翔托蒙，蒙表為判官。 時保安罷義安尉，未得調，以仲翔里人也，不介而見曰：「願因子得事李將軍可乎？」 仲翔雖無雅故，哀其窮，力薦之。 蒙表掌書記。 保安後往，蒙已深入，與蠻戰沒，仲翔被執。 蠻之俘華人，必厚責財，乃肯贖，聞仲翔貴胄也，求千縑。 會元振物故，保安留巂州，營贖仲翔，苦無貲。 乃力居貨十年，得縑七百。 妻子客遂州，間關求保安所在，困姚州不能進。 都督楊安居知狀，異其故，資以行，求保安得之。 引與語曰：「子棄家急朋友之患至是乎！ 吾請貣官貲助子之乏。」 保安大喜，即委縑於蠻，得仲翔以歸。 始，仲翔為蠻所奴，三逃三獲，乃轉鬻遠酋，酋嚴遇之，晝役夜囚，沒凡十五年乃還。
Wu Bao'an, styled Yonggu, was from Cong in Wei Prefecture. His bearing was upright and out of the ordinary. During Ruizong's reign, when the Yao and Xi tribes rebelled, Li Meng was appointed Prefect-General of Yao Prefecture; the Chief Minister Guo Yuanzhen entrusted his younger brother's son Zhongxiang to Meng, who recommended him as administrative aide. At the time Bao'an had left his post as Captain of Yi'an and had not yet received a new appointment; as a fellow townsman of Zhongxiang, he came unintroduced and said: "Might I serve General Li through you? Although Zhongxiang had no prior acquaintance with him, he was moved by Bao'an's plight and vigorously recommended him. Meng appointed him Recorder of Documents. Bao'an arrived later; Meng had already advanced deep into the territory and perished in battle with the tribes, and Zhongxiang was captured. When the tribes captured Chinese subjects, they always demanded a heavy ransom before releasing them; learning that Zhongxiang was of noble birth, they demanded a thousand bolts of silk. When Yuanzhen died, Bao'an remained in Xi Prefecture and worked to ransom Zhongxiang, but had no funds. He toiled at trade for ten years and accumulated seven hundred bolts of silk. His wife and dependents stayed in Sui Prefecture and made their way arduously to find Bao'an, but were stranded in Yao Prefecture and could not proceed. Prefect Yang Anju learned of the situation, marveled at the reason, and financed their journey; they found Bao'an. Anju took him aside and said: "You abandoned your family in urgent loyalty to a friend — has it come to this? I shall advance you official funds to make up what you lack. Bao'an was overjoyed and immediately delivered the silk to the tribes, obtained Zhongxiang, and brought him home. At first Zhongxiang had been enslaved by the tribes; he escaped three times and was recaptured three times, then was sold on to a distant chieftain who treated him harshly — by day he labored, by night he was imprisoned — and altogether spent fifteen years in captivity before returning.
41
安居亦丞相故吏，嘉保安之誼，厚禮仲翔，遺衣服儲用，檄領近縣尉。 久乃調蔚州錄事參軍，以優遷代州戶曹。 母喪，服除，喟曰：「吾賴吳公生吾死，今親歿，可行其志。」 乃求保安。 於時，何安以彭山丞客死，其妻亦沒，喪不克歸。 仲翔為服缞绖，囊其骨，徒跣負之，歸葬魏州，廬墓三年乃去。 後為嵐州長史，迎保安子，為娶而讓以官。
Anju was also a former subordinate of the Chief Minister; admiring Bao'an's loyalty, he treated Zhongxiang generously, gave him clothes and supplies, and had him appointed district captain of a nearby county. After a long time he was transferred to Registrar of Wei Prefecture and, through excellent performance, promoted to Census Officer of Dai Prefecture. When his mother's mourning was finished, he sighed: "My life and death depend on Wu Gong — now that my parents are gone, I can fulfill my purpose. He then sought out Bao'an. At that time He An, a Pengshan assistant magistrate, had died away from home as a guest, and his wife was also lost; their remains could not be returned home. Zhongxiang wore mourning garments, wrapped the bones in a bag, went barefoot carrying them on his back, returned them to Wei Prefecture for burial, and kept vigil at the tomb for three years before leaving. Later, as Chief Administrator of Lan Prefecture, he welcomed Bao'an's son, married him to a wife, and yielded his own official position to him.
42
李憕，并州汶水人。 或言其先出興聖皇帝，譜系疏晦，不復傳。 父希倩，神龍初右臺監察御史。 憕少秀敏，舉明經高第，授成安尉。 張說罷宰相，為相州刺史，坐有善相者，說遍問官屬後孰當貴，工指憕及臨河尉鄭巖。 說以女妻巖，而歸其甥陰於憕。 會母喪免。 自武功尉以政尤異遷主簿。 說在并州，引憕置幕府。 及執政，為長安尉。 宇文融括天下田，高選官屬，多致賢以重其柄。 表假憕監察御史，分道檢核。 以課真拜御史。 坐小累，下除晉陽令。 三遷給事中。 力於治，有任事稱，明簿最，下無敢紿。 失李林甫意，出為河南少尹。 尹蕭炅內倚權，骫法殖私，憕裁抑其謬，吏下賴之。 道士孫甑生以左道幸，托祠事往來嵩、少間，幹請亂吏治，憕不為應，故挾炅譖諸朝。 天寶初，除清河太守。 舉美政，遷廣陵長史，民為立祠賽祝，歲時不絕。 以捕賊負，徙彭城太守。 封酒泉縣侯。 連徙襄陽、河東，並兼采訪處置使； 入為京兆尹。 楊國忠惡之，改光祿卿、東京留守。
Li Xian was a native of Wenshui in Bing Prefecture. Some said his ancestors descended from the Emperor of Sagely Origin, but the genealogy was obscure and no longer transmitted. His father Xiqian was a Supervising Censor of the Right Bureau during the Shenlong era. Xian was exceptionally gifted from youth; he passed the Classics examination with high honors and was appointed Captain of Cheng'an. When Zhang Yue was dismissed as Chief Minister and made Prefect of Xiang Prefecture, because he had a skilled physiognomist with him, he asked all his subordinates who would later become eminent; the artisan pointed to Xian and Zheng Yan, captain of Linhe. Yue gave his daughter to Yan in marriage and entrusted his nephew Yin to Xian. He was dismissed when his mother died. From Captain of Wugong he was promoted to Chief Clerk for outstanding administration. When Yue was in Bing Prefecture, he recruited Xian into his staff. When Yue took power at court, Xian became Captain of Chang'an. Yuwen Rong registered all land in the empire and sought highly capable staff; he brought in many able men to strengthen his authority. He memorialized to borrow Xian as Supervising Censor to inspect and verify land on separate routes. For the thoroughness of his investigations he was appointed censor in fact. For a minor fault he was demoted to Magistrate of Jinyang. After three promotions he became Recipient of Petitions. He was vigorous in administration and had a reputation for handling affairs; he knew registers and regulations precisely, and subordinates dared not deceive him. He lost Li Linfu's favor and was sent out as Vice Director of Henan. Vice Director Xiao Jiong relied on powerful patrons and bent the law for private gain; Xian checked his errors, and the officials below relied on him. The Daoist Sun Zansheng, favored for heterodox arts, used temple rites as a pretext to travel between Mount Song and Mount Shao soliciting favors and corrupting administration; Xian would not comply, so he joined with Jiong to slander Xian at court. At the beginning of the Tianbao era he was appointed Prefect of Qinghe. For excellent governance he was promoted to Chief Administrator of Guangling; the people built a shrine for him and offered sacrifices without cease through the seasons. He was transferred to Prefect of Pengcheng for failing to capture bandits. He was enfeoffed as Marquis of Jiuquan. He was transferred successively to Xiangyang and Hedong, in each case also serving as Investigation and Disposition Commissioner. He entered the capital as Intendant of Jingzhao. Yang Guozhong hated him and had him made Director of the Imperial Household and Keeper of the Eastern Capital.
43
安祿山反，玄宗遣封常清募兵東京，憕與留臺御史中丞盧弈、河南尹達奚珣繕城壘，綏勵士卒，將遏賊西鋒。 帝聞，擢禮部尚書。 祿山度河，號令嚴密，候诇不能知。 已陷陳留、滎陽，殺張介然、崔诐，不數日，薄城下。 常清兵皆白徒，戰不勝，輒北。 憕收殘士數百，裒斷弦折矢堅守，人不堪鬥。 憕約弈：「吾曹荷國重寄，雖力不敵，當死官。」 部校皆夜縋去，憕坐留守府，弈守臺。 城陷，祿山鼓而入，殺數千人，矢著闕門，執憕、弈及官屬蔣清，害之。 有詔贈司徒，謚曰忠懿。 河、洛平，再贈太尉，拜一子五品官。
When An Lushan rebelled, Emperor Xuanzong dispatched Feng Changqing to recruit troops in the Eastern Capital; Xian, together with Left Deputy Censor Lu Yi and Henan Vice Director Daxi Xun, repaired the city walls, encouraged the soldiers, and prepared to block the rebels' westward thrust. When the Emperor heard of this, he promoted Xian to Minister of Rites. Lushan crossed the Yellow River; his orders were strict and scouts could not detect his movements. Chenliu and Xingyang had already fallen; Zhang Jieran and Cui Qian were killed; within days the rebels pressed beneath the city walls. Changqing's troops were all raw recruits; when they fought they could not win and always fled north. Xian gathered several hundred survivors, collected broken strings and snapped arrows, and held a stubborn defense; the men could no longer bear to fight. Xian made a pact with Yi: "We bear a heavy charge from the state; though our strength is insufficient, we must die at our posts. That night all the unit commanders lowered themselves by rope and fled; Xian remained at the Keeper's headquarters while Yi held the censorate. The city fell; Lushan beat his drums and entered, killing several thousand men; arrows struck the palace gate; Xian, Yi, and the official Jiang Qing were seized and put to death An edict posthumously granted him the title of Grand Mentor and gave him the posthumous name Loyal and Benevolent When the Yellow and Luo regions were pacified, he was again posthumously made Grand Marshal and one of his sons was granted a fifth-rank official post
44
憕通《左氏春秋》，頗殖產伊川，占膏腴，自都至闕口，疇墅彌望，時謂「地癖」。 巖仕終少府監，產利埒憕雲。 憕十餘子，江、涵、沨、瀛等同遇害，唯源、彭脫。
Xian was versed in the Zuo Commentary to the Spring and Autumn Annals and greatly accumulated property in Yichuan, seizing fertile land; from the capital to the Pass mouth, fields and villas stretched as far as the eye could see, and at the time he was called a "land fanatic." Yan served to the end as Director of the Palace Workshop, and his wealth rivaled Xian's Xian had more than ten sons; Jiang, Han, Feng, and Ying were killed along with him, but only Yuan and Peng escaped
45
源八歲家覆，俘為奴，轉側民間。 及史朝義敗，故吏識源於洛陽者贖出之，歸其宗屬。 代宗聞，授河南府參軍，遷司農主簿。 以父死賊手，常悲憤，不仕不娶，絕酒葷。 惠林佛祠者，憕舊墅也，源依祠居，闔戶日一食。 祠殿，其先寢也，每過必趨，未始踐階。 自營墓為終制，時時偃臥埏中。
Yuan was eight when his family was destroyed; he was captured and made a slave, passing from household to household When Shi Chaoyi's forces were defeated, former subordinates who recognized Yuan in Luoyang ransomed him and returned him to his clan When Emperor Daizong heard of this, he appointed Yuan as an aide in Henan Prefecture and later promoted him to Chief Clerk of the Ministry of Revenue Because his father had died at the rebels' hands, he was constantly grief-stricken and angry; he would not take office or marry, and abstained from wine and meat The Huilin Buddhist temple was Xian's former villa; Yuan lived by the temple, closing his door and eating only once a day The temple hall had been his father's sleeping quarters; whenever he passed it he would hasten his step and never tread upon the steps He prepared his own tomb as his final resting place and would often lie down within the burial mound
46
長慶初，年八十矣，御史中丞李德裕表薦源，曰：「賈誼稱：守圉捍敵之臣，死城郭封疆。 天寶時，士罕伏節，逆羯始興，委符組、棄城郭者不為恥，而憕約義同列，守位自如，抵刃就終，臣節之光由憕始。 而源天與至孝，絕心祿仕五十餘年，常守沈默，理契深要，一辭開析，百慮洗然。 抱此真節，棄於清世，臣竊為陛下惜之。」 穆宗下詔曰：「昔盜起幽陵，振蕩河、洛，贈太尉憕處難居首，正色就死，兩河聞風，再固危壁，殊節卓焉，到今稱之。 源有曾參之行、巢父之操，泊然無營，汔此高年。 夫褒忠，所以勸臣節也； 旌孝，所以激人倫也； 鎮澆浮，莫如尚義； 厚風俗，莫如尊老。 舉是四者，大儆於時。 其以源守諫議大夫，賜緋魚袋。」 河南尹遣官敦諭上道，帝自遣使者持詔書袍笏即賜，又賜絹二百匹。 源頓首受詔，謂使者：「伏疾年耄，不堪趨拜。」 即附表謝，辭吐哀愨，一無受。 尋卒。 敬宗時，擢憕孫為河南兵曹參軍。
In the early Changqing era, when he was already eighty, Left Deputy Censor Li Deyu memorialized recommending Yuan, saying: "Jia Yi said: ministers who defend the realm and repel enemies die for city walls and frontiers In the Tianbao era, few scholars upheld their integrity; when the rebellious Jie first rose, those who cast aside their seals and abandoned their cities felt no shame, yet Xian pledged righteousness with his colleagues, held his post steadfastly, and met death at the blade — the brilliance of ministerial integrity began with Xian Yuan, endowed with supreme filial piety, renounced salary and office for more than fifty years, always keeping silent; his understanding matched profound essentials, and once he opened his mouth to explain a matter, a hundred confused thoughts were washed clean Holding such genuine integrity yet cast aside in a clear age — your servant grieves for Your Majesty that this is so" Emperor Muzong issued an edict saying: "In former days, when bandits rose in Youling and shook the Yellow and Luo, the posthumous Grand Marshal Xian stood foremost in adversity, met death with a stern countenance, and when the two river regions heard the wind, again fortified the perilous walls — his extraordinary integrity is praised to this day Yuan has the conduct of Zeng Shen and the integrity of Chao Fu; placid and without ambition, he has reached this advanced age To reward loyalty is to encourage ministerial integrity; to honor filial piety is to stir human relations; to check frivolity and drift, nothing surpasses esteeming righteousness; to strengthen custom, nothing surpasses honoring the aged To advance these four is a great warning to the age Let Yuan be appointed Remonstrance and Reproof Minister and granted crimson robes and a fish tally The Intendant of Henan sent officials to urge him to take the road to court; the Emperor himself dispatched an envoy bearing the edict, robes, and tablet to bestow them, and also granted two hundred bolts of silk. Yuan bowed his head and received the edict, telling the envoy: "I lie ill with age and am unable to perform the court bow He immediately appended a memorial of thanks, its language mournful and sincere, and accepted nothing at all. Soon afterward he died During the Jingzong era, Xian's grandson was promoted to Military Staff Officer of Henan
47
彭擢明經第。 天寶中，選名臣子可用者，自咸寧丞遷右補闕。 從天子入蜀。 後憕數年卒。 有孫景讓、景莊、景溫，別傳。
Peng passed the Classics examination with high honors During the Tianbao era, when sons of eminent ministers who were fit for service were selected, he was transferred from Assistant Magistrate of Xianning to Right Supplementation Censor He followed the Son of Heaven into Shu He died several years after Xian He had grandsons Jingrang, Jingzhuang, and Jingwen, treated in separate biographies
48
武德功臣十六人，貞觀功臣五十三人，至德功臣二百六十五人。 德宗即位，錄武德以來宰相及實封功臣子孫，賜一子正員官。 史館考勛名特高者九十二人，以三等條奏。 第一等，以其歲授官。 第二等，以次年。 第三等，子孫數訟於朝，有詔差為二等，增至百八十七人。 每等，武德以來宰相為首，功臣次之，至德以來將相又次之。 大中初，又詔求李峴、王珪、戴胄、馬周、褚遂良、韓瑗、郝處俊、婁師德、王及善、朱敬則、魏知古、陸象先、張九齡、裴寂、劉文靜、張柬之、袁恕已、崔玄暐、桓彥範、劉幽求、郭元振、房琯、寺履謙、李嗣業、張巡、許遠、盧弈、南霽雲、蕭華、張鎬、李勉、張鎰、蕭復、柳渾、賈耽、馬燧、李憕三十七人畫像，續圖淩煙閣雲。
There were sixteen meritorious officials of the Wude era, fifty-three of the Zhenguan era, and two hundred sixty-five of the Zhide era When Emperor Dezong ascended the throne, he recorded the descendants of chief ministers and meritorious officials with actual fiefs since the Wude era and granted one of each a regular official post The History Office examined ninety-two persons whose meritorious names were especially eminent and submitted them in three grades For the first grade, office was granted in that year For the second grade, in the following year For the third grade, when descendants repeatedly petitioned at court, an edict adjusted them to the second grade, increasing the total to one hundred eighty-seven persons Within each grade, chief ministers since Wude came first, meritorious officials next, and generals and ministers since Zhide after that In the early Dazhong era, an edict also sought portraits of thirty-seven men — Li Xian, Wang Gui, Dai Zhou, Ma Zhou, Chu Suiliang, Han Yuan, Hao Chujun, Lou Shide, Wang Jishan, Zhu Jingze, Wei Zhigu, Lu Xiangxian, Zhang Jiuling, Pei Ji, Liu Wenjing, Zhang Jianzhi, Yuan Shuyi, Cui Xuanwei, Huan Yanfan, Liu Youqiu, Guo Yuanzhen, Fang Guan, Yuan Lüqian, Li Siye, Zhang Xun, Xu Yuan, Lu Yi, Nan Jiyun, Xiao Hua, Zhang Gao, Li Mian, Zhang Yi, Xiao Fu, Liu Hun, Jia Dan, Ma Sui, and Li Xian — to continue the portraits at the Lingyan Pavilion
49
司空、太子太傅、知門下省事、梁國公房玄齡尚書右僕射、檢校侍中、萊國公杜如晦太子太保、同中書門下三品、宋國公蕭瑀
Fang Xuanling — Grand Marshal, Grand Mentor of the Crown Prince, and Director of Affairs at the Gate Department, Duke of Liang; Du Ruhui — Right Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs and Acting Palace Attendant, Duke of Lai; Xiao Yu — Grand Guardian of the Crown Prince and Fellow of the Department and the Chancellery of the Third Rank, Duke of Song
50
開府儀同三司、同中書門下三品、知政事、上柱國、申國公高士廉太子太師、知政事、特進、鄭國公魏征侍中、永寧郡公王珪吏部尚書、參豫朝政、道國公戴胄
Gao Shilian — Grand Preceptor of the Same Rank as the Three Excellencies, Fellow of the Department and the Chancellery of the Third Rank, Director of Affairs, and Upper Pillar of State, Duke of Shen; Wei Zheng — Grand Mentor of the Crown Prince, Director of Affairs, and Special Advancement, Duke of Zheng; Wang Gui — Palace Attendant, Duke of Yongning; Dai Zhou — Minister of Personnel, Participant in Court Deliberations, Duke of Dao
51
中書令、江陵縣子岑文本中書令、兼太子左庶子、檢校吏部尚書、高唐縣公馬周侍中、兼太子左庶子、檢校吏部禮部民部尚書事、清苑縣男劉洎尚書右僕射、同中書門下三品、河南郡公褚遂良
Cen Wencen — Director of the Secretariat, Viscount of Jiangling; Ma Zhou — Director of the Secretariat, Concurrent Left Crown Prince Aide, Acting Minister of Personnel, Duke of Gaotang; Liu Ji — Palace Attendant, Concurrent Left Crown Prince Aide, Acting Minister of Personnel, Minister of Rites, and Minister of Public Works, Baron of Qingyuan; Chu Suiliang — Right Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs and Fellow of the Department and the Chancellery of the Third Rank, Duke of Henan
52
太子太師、同中書門下三品、燕國公於誌寧尚書右僕射、同中書門下三品、兼太子少傅、北平縣公張行成中書令、行侍中、兼太子少保、蓚縣公高季輔
Yu Zhining — Grand Mentor of the Crown Prince and Fellow of the Department and the Chancellery of the Third Rank, Duke of Yan; Zhang Xingcheng — Right Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs, Fellow of the Department and the Chancellery of the Third Rank, and Concurrent Junior Tutor of the Crown Prince, Duke of Beiping; Gao Jifu — Director of the Secretariat, Acting Palace Attendant, and Concurrent Junior Guardian of the Crown Prince, Duke of Lu
53
侍中、兼太子賓客、襲潁川縣公韓瑗中書令、兼太子詹事、南陽縣侯來濟侍中、兼太子賓客張文瓘侍中、甑山縣公郝處俊
Han Yuan — Palace Attendant, Concurrent Crown Prince Guest, and Hereditary Duke of Yingchuan; Lai Ji — Director of the Secretariat and Concurrent Crown Prince Household Administrator, Marquis of Nanyang; Zhang Wenwan — Palace Attendant and Concurrent Crown Prince Guest; Hao Chujun — Palace Attendant, Duke of Zengshan
54
中書侍郎、同中書門下三品、兼太子右庶子、酒泉縣公李義琰內史、河東縣侯裴炎文昌左相、同鳳閣鸞臺三品、溫國公蘇良嗣內史、梁國公狄仁傑
Li Yiyan — Vice Director of the Secretariat, Fellow of the Department and the Chancellery of the Third Rank, and Concurrent Right Crown Prince Aide, Duke of Jiuquan; Pei Yan — Director of the Secretariat, Marquis of Hedong; Su Liangsi — Left Director of the Secretariat and Fellow of the Phoenix Pavilion and the Crane Terrace of the Third Rank, Duke of Wen; Di Renjie — Director of the Secretariat, Duke of Liang
55
納言、檢校并州大都督府長史、天兵軍大總管、隴右諸軍大使、譙縣子婁師德鳳閣侍郎、同鳳閣鸞臺平章事、石泉縣公王方慶文昌左相、同鳳閣鸞臺三品、襲邢國公王及善
Lou Shide — Director of the Secretariat, Acting Grand Protector-General of Bing Prefecture, Grand Commander of the Heavenly Army, and Ambassador of the Longyou Armies, Viscount of Qiao; Wang Fangqing — Vice Director of the Phoenix Pavilion and Fellow of the Phoenix Pavilion and the Crane Terrace, Duke of Shiquan; Wang Jishan — Left Director of the Secretariat and Fellow of the Phoenix Pavilion and the Crane Terrace of the Third Rank, Hereditary Duke of Xing
56
尚書右僕射、兼中書令、知兵部尚書事、齊國公魏元忠紫微令、梁國公姚崇正諫大夫、同鳳閣鸞臺平章事朱敬則尚書左僕射、同中書門下平章事、許國公蘇瑰
Wei Yuanzhong — Right Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs, Concurrent Director of the Secretariat, and Acting Minister of War, Duke of Qi; Yao Chong — Director of the Purple Palace, Duke of Liang; Zhu Jingze — Remonstrance and Reproof Grandee and Fellow of the Phoenix Pavilion and the Crane Terrace; Su Gui — Left Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs and Fellow of the Department and the Chancellery, Duke of Xu
57
吏部尚書、兼侍中、廣平郡公宋璟黃門監、梁國公魏知古中書侍郎、同中書門下平章事、兗國公陸象先紫微侍郎、同紫微黃門平章事、許國公蘇颋
Song Jing — Minister of Personnel, Concurrent Palace Attendant, Duke of Guangping; Wei Zhigu — Director of the Yellow Gate, Duke of Liang; Lu Xiangxian — Vice Director of the Secretariat and Fellow of the Department and the Chancellery, Duke of Yan; Su Ting — Vice Director of the Purple Palace and Fellow of the Purple and Yellow Gates, Duke of Xu
58
中書令、河東縣侯張嘉貞中書侍郎、同中書門下平章事、清水縣公李元纮黃門侍郎、同中書門下平章事、宜陽縣子韓休中書令、始興縣伯張九齡
Zhang Jiazhen — Director of the Secretariat, Marquis of Hedong; Li Yuanhong — Vice Director of the Secretariat and Fellow of the Department and the Chancellery, Duke of Qingshui; Han Xiu — Vice Director of the Yellow Gate and Fellow of the Department and the Chancellery, Viscount of Yiyang; Zhang Jiuling — Director of the Secretariat, Earl of Shixing
59
司空、河東郡公裴寂納言、上柱國、魯國公劉文靜
Pei Ji — Grand Marshal, Duke of Hedong; Liu Wenjing — Director of the Secretariat, Upper Pillar of State, Duke of Lu
60
太尉、檢校中書令、同中書門下三品、揚州大都督、趙國公長孫無忌禮部尚書、河間郡王孝恭尚書右僕射、檢校中書令、行太子左衛率、上柱國、衛國公李靖
Zhangsun Wuji — Grand Mentor, Acting Director of the Secretariat, Fellow of the Department and the Chancellery of the Third Rank, Grand Protector-General of Yangzhou, Duke of Zhao; Li Xiaogong — Minister of Rites, Prince of Hejian; Li Jing — Right Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs, Acting Director of the Secretariat, Acting Left Commandant of the Crown Prince's Guard, Upper Pillar of State, Duke of Wei
61
司空、兼太子太師、英國公李勣開府儀同三司、鄜州都督、鄂國公尉遲敬德左光祿大夫、洛州都督、蔣國公屈突通陜東道大行臺、吏部尚書、鄖國公殷開山
Li Ji — Grand Marshal, Concurrent Grand Mentor of the Crown Prince, Duke of Ying; Yuchi Jingde — Grand Preceptor of the Same Rank as the Three Excellencies and Prefect-General of Bin Prefecture, Duke of E; Qu Tu Tong — Left Grand Master of the Imperial Household and Prefect-General of Luo Prefecture, Duke of Jiang; Yin Kaishan — Eastern Circuit Grand Commissioner and Minister of Personnel, Duke of Yun
62
衛尉卿、夔國公劉弘基澤州刺史、邳國公長孫順德民部尚書、上柱國、莒國公唐儉右驍衛大將軍、駙馬都尉、譙國公柴紹
Liu Hongji — Commandant of the Guard, Duke of Kui; Zhangsun Shunde — Prefect of Ze Prefecture, Duke of Pi; Tang Jian — Minister of Public Works and Upper Pillar of State, Duke of Ju; Chai Shao — Right General of the Valiant Cavalry and Commandant of Horse in Attendance, Duke of Qiao
63
右驍衛大將軍、褒國公段誌玄洪州都督、渝國公劉政會左武候將軍、相州都督、郯國公張公謹右武衛大將軍、盧國公程知節
Duan Zhixuan — Right General of the Valiant Cavalry, Duke of Bao; Liu Zhenghui — Prefect-General of Hong Prefecture, Duke of Yu; Zhang Gongjin — Left Martial Guard General and Prefect-General of Xiang Prefecture, Duke of Tan; Cheng Yaojin — Right Martial Guard General, Duke of Lu
64
左武衛大將軍、上柱國、胡國公秦叔寶弘文館學士、秘書監、永興縣公虞世南右衛大將軍、兼太子右衛率、工部尚書、武陽縣公李大亮左武衛大將軍、邢國公蘇定方
Qin Shubao — Left Martial Guard General and Upper Pillar of State, Duke of Hu; Yu Shinan — Scholar of the Hongwen Academy and Director of the Secretariat, Duke of Yongxing; Li Daliang — Right Guard General, Concurrent Right Commandant of the Crown Prince's Guard, and Minister of Works, Duke of Wuyang; Su Dingfang — Left Martial Guard General, Duke of Xing
65
夏官尚書、同中書門下三品、清邊道行軍總管、耿國公王孝傑中書令、漢陽郡公張柬之中書令、博陵郡公崔玄暐侍中、平陽郡公敬暉
Wang Xiaojie — Minister of Summer Affairs, Fellow of the Department and the Chancellery of the Third Rank, and Commander of the Clear Border Circuit, Duke of Geng; Zhang Jianzhi — Director of the Secretariat, Duke of Hanyang; Cui Xuanwei — Director of the Secretariat, Duke of Boling; Jing Hui — Palace Attendant, Duke of Pingyang
66
侍中、譙國公桓彥範中書令、南陽郡公袁恕已右武衛大將軍、同中書門下三品、韓國公張仁願尚書左丞相、兼黃門監、徐國公劉幽求
Huan Yanfan — Palace Attendant, Duke of Qiao; Yuan Shuyi — Director of the Secretariat, Duke of Nanyang; Zhang Renyuan — Right Martial Guard General and Fellow of the Department and the Chancellery of the Third Rank, Duke of Han; Liu Youqiu — Left Director of the Department of State Affairs, Concurrent Director of the Yellow Gate, Duke of Xu
67
黃門侍郎、參知機務、脩文館學士、齊國公崔日用兵部尚書、同中書門下三品、代國公郭元振尚書左承相、兼中書令、集賢院學士、燕國公張說紫微侍郎、上柱國、趙國公王琚
Cui Riyong — Vice Director of the Yellow Gate, Participant in State Affairs, and Scholar of the Xiuxian Academy, Duke of Qi; Guo Yuanzhen — Minister of War and Fellow of the Department and the Chancellery of the Third Rank, Duke of Dai; Zhang Yue — Left Director of the Department of State Affairs, Concurrent Director of the Secretariat, and Scholar of the Jixian Academy, Duke of Yan; Wang Ju — Vice Director of the Purple Palace and Upper Pillar of State, Duke of Zhao
68
兵部尚書、同中書門下三品、持節朔方軍節度大使、中山郡公王晙
Wang Jun — Minister of War, Fellow of the Department and the Chancellery of the Third Rank, and Military Commissioner of the Shuofang Army with Full Powers, Duke of Zhongshan
69
尚書左僕射、同中書門下平章事、兼河南江淮副元帥、東都留守、冀國公裴冕文部尚書、同中書門下平章事、清河縣公房琯門下侍郎、同中書門下平章事、衛國公桂鴻漸
Pei Mian — Left Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs, Fellow of the Department and the Chancellery, Concurrent Vice Commander of the Henan and Jiang-Huai Armies, Keeper of the Eastern Capital, Duke of Ji; Fang Guan — Minister of Literary Affairs and Fellow of the Department and the Chancellery, Duke of Qinghe; Gui Hongqian — Vice Director of the Gate Department and Fellow of the Department and the Chancellery, Duke of Wei
70
鎮西北庭行營節度使、開府儀同三司、衛尉卿、兼懷州刺史、虢國公李嗣業平盧軍節度使、柳城郡太守劉正臣恒州刺史、衛尉少卿、兼御史中丞顏杲卿
Li Siye — Military Commissioner of the Northwestern Circuit Expedition, Grand Preceptor of the Same Rank as the Three Excellencies, Commandant of the Guard, and Concurrent Prefect of Huai Prefecture, Duke of Guo; Liu Zhengchen — Military Commissioner of the Pinglu Army and Prefect of Liucheng Commandery; Yan Gaoqing — Prefect of Heng Prefecture, Vice Director of the Palace Workshop, and Concurrent Deputy Censor-in-Chief
71
常山郡太守袁履謙河南節度副使、左金吾衛將軍、檢校主客郎中、兼御史中丞張巡睢陽郡太守、兼御史中丞許遠御史中丞、留臺東都、知武部選盧弈
Yuan Lüqian — Prefect of Changshan Commandery; Zhang Xun — Vice Military Commissioner of Henan, Left General of the Golden Guard, Acting Chief Gentleman for Foreign Reception, and Concurrent Deputy Censor-in-Chief; Xu Yuan — Prefect of Suiyang Commandery and Concurrent Deputy Censor-in-Chief; Lu Yi — Deputy Censor-in-Chief, Keeper of the Eastern Capital, and Director of Military Selection at the Ministry of War
72
睢陽郡太守、特進左金吾衛將軍南霽雲右第一內史令、延安郡公竇威將作大匠、判納言、陳國公竇抗
Nan Jiyun — Prefect of Suiyang Commandery, Special Advancement, and Left General of the Golden Guard; Dou Wei — First Inner Attendant of the Right, Duke of Yan'an; Dou Kang — Master of Works and Acting Director of the Secretariat, Duke of Chen
73
侍中、兼太子左庶子、江國公陳叔達納言、觀國公楊恭仁判吏部尚書、參議朝政、安吉郡公杜淹中書令、虞國公溫彥博
Chen Shuda — Palace Attendant, Concurrent Left Crown Prince Aide, Duke of Jiang; Yang Gongren — Director of the Secretariat, Duke of Guan; Du Yan — Acting Minister of Personnel and Participant in Court Deliberations, Duke of Anji; Wen Yanbo — Director of the Secretariat, Duke of Yu
74
中書侍郎、檢校刑部尚書、參知機務崔仁師中書令、兼檢校太子詹事、上柱國、安國公崔敦禮戶部尚書、平恩縣公許圉師兵部尚書、同中書門下三品、浿江道行軍總管任雅相
Cui Renshi — Vice Director of the Secretariat, Acting Minister of Justice, and Participant in State Affairs; Cui Dunli — Director of the Secretariat, Concurrent Acting Crown Prince Household Administrator, and Upper Pillar of State, Duke of An; Xu Tuoshi — Minister of Public Works, Duke of Ping'en; Ren Yaxiang — Minister of War, Fellow of the Department and the Chancellery of the Third Rank, and Commander of the Pae River Circuit
75
度支尚書、同中書門下三品、范陽郡公盧承慶西臺侍郎、同東西臺三品、兼弘文館學士、楚國公上官儀右相、廣平郡公劉祥道左侍極、兼檢校左相、嘉興縣子陸敦信
Lu Chengqing — Minister of Revenue, Fellow of the Department and the Chancellery of the Third Rank, Duke of Fanyang; Shangguan Yi — Vice Director of the Western Terrace, Fellow of the Eastern and Western Terraces of the Third Rank, and Concurrent Scholar of the Hongwen Academy, Duke of Chu; Liu Xiangdao — Right Chancellor, Duke of Guangping; Lu Dunxin — Left Attendant-in-Ordinary, Concurrent Acting Left Chancellor, Viscount of Jiaxing
76
文昌左相、同鳳閣鸞臺三品、樂城縣公劉仁軌荊州大都督府長史、安平郡公李安期尚書右僕射、同中書門下三品、兼太子賓客、襲道國公戴至德司列少常伯、太子右中護、兼正諫大夫、同東西臺三品趙仁本
Liu Ren'gui — Left Director of the Secretariat and Fellow of the Phoenix Pavilion and the Crane Terrace of the Third Rank, Duke of Lecheng; Li Anqi — Chief Administrator of Jing Prefecture, Duke of Anping; Dai Zhide — Right Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs, Fellow of the Department and the Chancellery of the Third Rank, and Concurrent Crown Prince Guest, Hereditary Duke of Dao; Zhao Renben — Vice Director of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices, Right Crown Prince Protector, Concurrent Remonstrance and Reproof Grandee, and Fellow of the Eastern and Western Terraces of the Third Rank
77
中書令、趙國公李敬玄中書令、兼太子左庶子薛元超中書令、同中書門下三品崔知溫侍中、同中書門下三品、襲廣平郡公劉齊賢
Li Jingxuan — Director of the Secretariat, Duke of Zhao; Xue Yuanchao — Director of the Secretariat and Concurrent Left Crown Prince Aide; Cui Zhiwen — Director of the Secretariat and Fellow of the Department and the Chancellery of the Third Rank; Liu Qixian — Palace Attendant, Fellow of the Department and the Chancellery of the Third Rank, and Hereditary Duke of Guangping
78
納言、樂平縣男王德真地官尚書、檢校納言、鉅鹿縣男魏玄同文昌左相、同鳳閣鸞臺三品、特進、輔國大將軍、鄧國公岑長倩鳳閣侍郎、同鳳閣鸞臺三品、臨淮縣男劉祎之
Wang Dezhen — Director of the Secretariat, Baron of Leping; Wei Xuantong — Minister of Earth Affairs and Acting Director of the Secretariat, Baron of Julu; Cen Changqian — Left Director of the Secretariat, Fellow of the Phoenix Pavilion and the Crane Terrace of the Third Rank, Special Advancement, and Grand General of the State-Supporting Army, Duke of Deng; Liu Yizhi — Vice Director of the Phoenix Pavilion and Fellow of the Phoenix Pavilion and the Crane Terrace of the Third Rank, Baron of Linhuai
79
納言、博昌縣男韋思謙地官尚書、同鳳閣鸞臺平章事格輔元司禮卿、判納言事、渤海縣子歐陽通內史李昭德
Wei Sizian — Director of the Secretariat, Baron of Bochang; Ge Fuyuan — Minister of Earth Affairs and Fellow of the Phoenix Pavilion and the Crane Terrace; Ouyang Tong — Minister of Rites and Acting Director of the Secretariat, Viscount of Bohai; Li Zhaode — Director of the Secretariat
80
鸞臺侍郎、同鳳閣鸞臺平章事陸元方鳳閣侍郎、同鳳閣鸞臺三品杜景佺尚書右僕射、兼太子賓客、同中書門下三品、鄖國公韋安石左散騎常侍、同中書門下三品、知東都留守、趙郡公李懷遠
Lu Yuanfang — Vice Director of the Crane Terrace and Fellow of the Phoenix Pavilion and the Crane Terrace; Du Jingqian — Vice Director of the Phoenix Pavilion and Fellow of the Phoenix Pavilion and the Crane Terrace of the Third Rank; Wei Anshi — Right Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs, Concurrent Crown Prince Guest, and Fellow of the Department and the Chancellery of the Third Rank, Duke of Yun; Li Huaiyuan — Left Cavalier Attendant-in-Ordinary, Fellow of the Department and the Chancellery of the Third Rank, and Acting Keeper of the Eastern Capital, Duke of Zhao
81
中書令、逍遙公韋嗣立守侍中、同中書門下三品、兼太子右庶子、常山縣男李日知檢校黃門監、漁陽縣伯盧懷慎中書令、左丞相、兼侍中、安陽郡公源乾曜
Wei Sili — Director of the Secretariat, Duke of Xiaoyao; Li Rizhi — Acting Palace Attendant, Fellow of the Department and the Chancellery of the Third Rank, and Concurrent Right Crown Prince Aide, Baron of Changshan; Lu Huaishen — Acting Director of the Yellow Gate, Baron of Yuyang; Yuan Qianyao — Director of the Secretariat, Left Chancellor, and Concurrent Palace Attendant, Duke of Anyang
82
黃門侍郎、同紫微黃門平章事、魏縣侯杜暹侍中、趙城侯裴耀卿左武衛大將軍、開府儀同三司、雀安王神通特進、太常卿、江夏王道宗
Du Xian — Vice Director of the Yellow Gate and Fellow of the Purple and Yellow Gates, Marquis of Wei County; Pei Yaozhi — Palace Attendant, Marquis of Zhaocheng; Li Shentong — Left Martial Guard General and Grand Preceptor of the Same Rank as the Three Excellencies, Prince of Huai'an; Li Daozong — Special Advancement and Minister of Ceremonies, Prince of Jiangxia
83
荊州都督、周國公武士右屯衛大將軍、檢校晉州都督總管、譙國公竇琮少府監、葛國公劉義節右光祿大夫、羅國公張平高
Wu Shiyu — Prefect-General of Jing Prefecture, Prince of Zhou; Dou Cong — Right General of the Right Encampment and Acting Prefect-General of Jin Prefecture, Duke of Qiao; Liu Yijie — Vice Director of the Palace Workshop, Duke of Ge; Zhang Pinggao — Left Grand Master of the Imperial Household, Duke of Luo
84
洛州都督、右衛大將軍、酂國公竇軌夔州都督、息國公張長愻金紫光祿大夫、夷國公李子和左監門衛大將軍、檢校右武候將軍、榮國公樊興
Dou Gui — Prefect-General of Luo Prefecture, Right Guard General, and Duke of Zan; Zhang Changsun — Prefect-General of Kui Prefecture, Duke of Xi; Li Zihe — Minister of the Imperial Household with the Golden Seal and Purple Ribbon, Duke of Yi; Fan Xing — Left General of the Gate Guard and Acting Right Martial Guard General, Duke of Rong
85
左監門衛大將軍、巢國公錢九隴右驍衛大將軍、歸國公安興貴右武衛大將軍、申國公安脩仁殿中監、郢國公宇文士及
Qian Jiulong — Left General of the Gate Guard, Duke of Chao; An Xinggui — Right General of the Valiant Cavalry, Duke of Gui; An Xiuren — Right Martial Guard General, Duke of Shen; Yuwen Shiji — Palace Attendant, Duke of Ying
86
右武衛大將軍、沔陽郡公公孫武達荊州都督、懷寧郡公杜君綽右驍衛將軍、濮國公龐卿惲代州都督、同安郡公鄭仁泰
Gongsun Wuda — Right Martial Guard General, Duke of Mianyang; Du Junchuo — Prefect-General of Jing Prefecture, Duke of Huaining; Pang Qingyun — Right General of the Valiant Cavalry, Duke of Pu; Zheng Rentai — Prefect-General of Daizhou, Duke of Tong'an
87
右翊衛將軍、遂安郡公李安遠幽州都督、歷陽郡公獨孤彥雲始州刺史、左屯衛大將軍、襄武郡公劉師立右威衛大將軍、濟東郡公李孟嘗
Li Anyuan — Right General of the Right Encampment, Duke of Sui'an; Dugu Yanyun — Prefect-General of You Prefecture, Duke of Liyang; Liu Shili — Prefect of Shi Prefecture, Left General of the Left Encampment, and Duke of Xiangwu; Li Mengchang — Right General of the Martial Guard, Duke of Jidong
88
右監門衛大將軍、河南縣公元仲文右監門衛將軍、廬陵郡公秦師行左領軍大將軍、新興公馬三寶右衛大將軍、駙馬都尉、畢國公阿史那社爾
Yuan Zhongwen — Right General of the Gate Guard, Duke of Henan County; Qin Shixing — Right General of the Gate Guard, Duke of Luling; Ma Sanbao — Left General of the Left Encampment, Duke of Xinxing; Ashina She'er — Right Guard General, Commandant of Horse in Attendance, and Duke of Bi
89
鎮軍大將軍、虢國公張士貴、左衛大將軍、瑯邪郡公牛進達鎮軍大將軍、嘉州郡公周護陜州刺史、天水郡公丘行恭潭州都督、吳興郡公沈叔安
Zhang Shigui — Grand General of the State-Supporting Army, Duke of Guo; Niu Jinda — Left Guard General, Duke of Langya; Zhou Hu — Grand General of the State-Supporting Army, Duke of Jiazhou; Qiu Xinggong — Prefect of Shan Prefecture, Duke of Tianshui; Shen Shuan — Prefect-General of Tan Prefecture, Duke of Wuxing
90
散騎常侍、豐城縣男姚思廉
Yao Sijian — Cavalier Attendant-in-Ordinary, Baron of Fengcheng
91
太子少師、同中書門下三品、特進、朔方道行軍大總管，宋國公唐休璟左羽林軍大將軍、遼陽郡王李多祚左領軍大將軍、趙國公李湛刑部尚書、太子賓客、魏國公楊元琰
Tang Xiujing — Junior Tutor of the Crown Prince, Fellow of the Department and the Chancellery of the Third Rank, Special Advancement, and Grand Commander of the Shuofang Circuit, Duke of Song; Li Duozuo — Left General of the Left Forest Army, Prince of Liaoyang; Li Zhan — Left General of the Left Encampment, Duke of Zhao; Yang Yuanyan — Minister of Punishments, Crown Prince Guest, and Duke of Wei
92
殿中監、兼知總監、汝南郡公翟無言冠軍大將軍、左羽林軍大將軍、光祿卿、天水縣公趙承恩將作大匠裴思諒右羽林軍將軍、弘農郡公楊執一
Zhai Wuyan — Palace Attendant, Concurrent Director of the Directorate, Duke of Ru'nan; Zhao Chengen — Champion General, Left General of the Left Forest Army, Director of the Imperial Household, and Duke of Tianshui; Pei Silang — Master of Works; Yang Zhiyi — Right General of the Right Forest Army, Duke of Hongnong
93
左衛將軍、河東郡公薛思行光祿卿、駙馬都尉、瑯邪郡公王同皎中書令、越國公鐘紹京太僕卿、立節郡王薛崇簡
Xue Sixing — Left Guard General, Duke of Hedong; Wang Tongjiao — Director of the Imperial Household and Commandant of Horse in Attendance, Duke of Langya; Zhong Shaojing — Director of the Secretariat, Duke of Yue; Xue Chongjian — Minister of the Imperial Stud and Prince of Lijie
94
右金吾衛大將軍、涼國公李延昌太子中允同正、冀國公馮道力少府監、趙國公崔諤之左監門衛中候、光祿卿、申國公許輔乾
Li Yanchang — Right General of the Golden Guard, Duke of Liang; Feng Daoli — Crown Prince Aide of the Same Rank, Duke of Ji; Cui E — Vice Director of the Palace Workshop, Duke of Zhao; Xu Fuqian — Left Gate Guard Captain, Director of the Imperial Household, and Duke of Shen
95
左金吾大將軍、鄧國公張暐朔方道行軍大總管、左羽林軍大將軍、平陽郡公薛訥河南副元帥、太尉兼侍中、臨淮郡王李光弼河東節度副大使、守司空、兼兵部尚書、霍國公王思禮
Zhang Wei — Left General of the Golden Guard, Duke of Deng; Xue Ne — Grand Commander of the Shuofang Circuit and Left General of the Left Forest Army, Duke of Pingyang; Li Guangbi — Vice Commander of the Henan Army, Grand Mentor, Concurrent Palace Attendant, and Prince of Linhuai; Wang Sili — Vice Military Commissioner of Hedong, Acting Grand Marshal, Concurrent Minister of War, and Duke of Huo
96
左相、豳國公韋見素太保、韓國公苗晉卿中書令、趙國公崔圓
Wei Jiansu — Left Chancellor, Duke of Bin; Miao Jinqing — Grand Mentor, Duke of Han; Cui Yuan — Director of the Secretariat, Duke of Zhao
97
太原節度使、檢校尚書左僕射、同中書門下平章事、金城郡王辛雲京河西隴右副元帥、兵部尚書、同中書門下平章事、涼國公李抱玉太子太師、檢校尚書右僕射、知省事、信都郡王田神功
Xin Yunjing — Military Commissioner of Taiyuan, Acting Left Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs, Fellow of the Department and the Chancellery, and Prince of Jincheng; Li Baoyu — Vice Commander of the Hexi and Longyou Armies, Minister of War, Fellow of the Department and the Chancellery, and Duke of Liang; Tian Shenggong — Grand Mentor of the Crown Prince, Acting Right Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs, Director of Affairs, and Prince of Xindu
98
四鎮北庭涇原節度使、檢校尚書左僕射、知省事、扶風郡王馬璘左羽林軍大將軍、檢校戶部尚書、兼御史大夫薛景仙右散騎常侍、檢校禮部尚書、兼御史大夫尚衡
Ma Lin — Military Commissioner of the Four Garrisons, Beiting, and Jingyuan, Acting Left Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs, Director of Affairs, and Prince of Fufeng; Xue Jingxian — Left General of the Left Forest Army, Acting Minister of Public Works, and Concurrent Deputy Censor-in-Chief; Shang Heng — Right Cavalier Attendant-in-Ordinary, Acting Minister of Rites, and Concurrent Deputy Censor-in-Chief
99
太原尹、兼御史大夫、北都留守、河東節度副大使、南陽郡公鄧景山河東節度副使、兼雁門郡太守、光祿卿賈循禮部尚書、東京留守、酒泉縣侯李憕
Deng Jingshan — Intendant of Taiyuan, Concurrent Deputy Censor-in-Chief, Keeper of the Northern Capital, and Vice Military Commissioner of Hedong, Duke of Nanyang; Jia Xun — Vice Military Commissioner of Hedong, Concurrent Prefect of Yanmen Commandery, and Director of the Imperial Household; Li Xian — Minister of Rites, Keeper of the Eastern Capital, and Marquis of Jiuquan
100
東平郡太守姚訚右第二
Yao Yin, Prefect of Dongping Commandery — second on the right
101
盧弈，黃門監懷慎少子也。 疏眉目，豐下，謹重寡欲，斤斤自脩。 與兄奐名相上下，而剛毅過之。 天寶初為鄠令，所治輒最，積功擢給事中，拜御史中丞。 自懷慎、奐及弈，三居其官，清節似之，時傳其美。 俄留臺東都，兼知武部選。
Lu Yi was the youngest son of Yellow Gate Director Lu Huaishen. His features were fine and regular, his lower face full; he was cautious, restrained, and free of desire, and meticulously disciplined himself. He and his elder brother Huan were equally renowned, but he surpassed Huan in resoluteness. In the early Tianbao era he served as Magistrate of E Prefecture; wherever he governed he ranked first, and through accumulated merit he was promoted to Recipient of Petitions and appointed Deputy Censor-in-Chief From Huaishen and Huan down to Yi, three generations held that office; their integrity matched his, and at the time their virtue was celebrated. Soon he was made Keeper of the Eastern Capital and concurrently directed military selection at the Ministry of War.
102
安祿山陷東都，吏亡散。 弈前遣妻子懷印間道走京師，自朝服坐臺。 被執，將殺之，即數祿山罪，徐顧賊徒曰：「為人臣者當識逆順，我不蹈失節，死何恨？」 觀者恐懼。 弈臨刑，西向再拜而辭，罵賊不空口，逆黨為變色。 肅宗詔贈禮部尚書，下有司謚。 時以為洛陽亡，操兵者任其咎，執法吏去之可也，委身寇仇，以死誰懟？ 博士獨孤及曰：「荀息殺身於晉，不食其言也； 玄冥勤其官水死，守位忘躬也； 伯姬待姆而火死，先禮後身也。 彼死之日，皆於事無補。 然則祿山亂大於裏、丕，弈廉察之任，切於玄冥之官。 分命所系，不啻保姆； 逆黨兵威，烈於水火。 於斯時也，能與執干戈者同其戮力，挽之不來，推之不去，全操白刃之下，孰與夫懷安偷生者同其風？ 請謚曰貞烈。」 詔可。
When An Lushan captured the Eastern Capital, the officials fled and scattered. Yi had previously sent his wife and children, carrying the seals, by a secret route to the capital; he himself sat at the censorate in court dress. Seized and about to be executed, he immediately enumerated Lushan's crimes and slowly turned to the rebel followers, saying: "As ministers we should know loyalty from treason; I have not failed in integrity — what regret is there in death? The onlookers were terrified. As Yi faced execution, he bowed twice toward the west and took leave; he cursed the rebels without pause, and the traitors changed color. Emperor Suzong issued an edict posthumously granting him the title of Minister of Rites and ordering the relevant offices to assign a posthumous name. At the time people thought that with Luoyang lost, those who wielded arms bore the blame and law-enforcement officials could simply withdraw — why entrust oneself to the enemy and die to no purpose? Erudite Dugu Ji said: "Xun Xi gave his life at Jin rather than break his word; Xuanming drowned in the water while diligently performing his office, forgetting himself in holding his post; Bo Ji waited for her nurse and died in the fire, putting ritual before her own body. On the days they died, none of these acts was of practical benefit. Yet Lushan's rebellion was greater than the disorders of Li and Pi, and Yi's duty of integrity and investigation was more urgent than Xuanming's office. The charge entrusted to him was no less than that of a nurse; the rebel forces were more violent than fire and water. At such a time, to exert the same strength as those who wielded weapons, unable to be pulled away or pushed aside, holding firm beneath naked blades — how does that compare in spirit with those who clung to ease and clung to life? I request the posthumous name Upright and Steadfast. The edict was approved.
103
子杞，別有傳。 杞子元輔。
His son Qi is treated in a separate biography. Qi's son was Yuanfu.
104
元輔字子望，少以清行聞。 擢進士，補崇文校書郎。 杞死，德宗念之不忘，拜元輔左拾遺。 歷杭、常、絳三州刺史，課當最，召授吏部郎中，進累兵部侍郎，為華州刺史，卒。
Yuanfu, styled Ziwang, was known from youth for his integrity. He passed the Jinshi examination and was appointed Proofreader of the Chongwen Academy. When Qi died, Dezong could not forget him and appointed Yuanfu Left Reminder of the Missing. He served successively as Prefect of Hang, Chang, and Jiang Prefectures; his performance ranked highest; he was summoned and appointed Director in the Ministry of Personnel, then promoted repeatedly to Vice Minister of War, made Prefect of Hua, and died in office.
105
元輔端靜介正，能紹其祖，故歷顯劇，而人不以杞之惡為累雲。
Yuanfu was upright, quiet, and principled, and was able to continue his grandfather's legacy; therefore he held prominent and demanding posts, yet people did not hold Qi's wickedness against him.
106
張介然者，猗氏人，本名六朗。 性慎願，長計畫。 始為河、隴支郡太守。 王忠嗣、皇甫惟明、哥舒翰踵領節度，並署營田、支度等使。 入奏稱旨，賜與良渥。 介然啟曰：「臣位三品，當給棨戟。 若列於京師，雖富貴，不為鄉人知，願得列戟故里。」 玄宗許之，別賜戟京師第門，仍賜絹五百匹，宴閭里長老。 本鄉得列戟，自介然始。 翰薦為少府監，歷衛尉卿。
Zhang Jieran was a native of Yishi; his original name was Liulang. By nature he was cautious and prudent, and skilled in long-term planning. He first served as Prefect of a subordinate commandery in the He-Long region. Wang Zhongsi, Huangfu Weiming, and Geshu Han successively held military commissions and all appointed him to the posts of Camp Fields and Logistics Commissioner. When he entered court to report, his words pleased the Emperor and he was granted rich rewards. Jieran stepped forward and said: "Your servant holds third rank and should be granted halberds. If they were displayed in the capital, though I would be rich and honored, my fellow townsmen would not know of it; I wish to have halberds displayed in my native place. Emperor Xuanzong granted this, separately bestowed halberds at the gate of his capital residence, and also granted five hundred bolts of silk and held a feast for the elders of his village. Displaying halberds in one's native village began with Jieran. Han recommended him as Vice Director of the Palace Workshop; he later served as Commandant of the Guard.
107
祿山反，授河南節度采訪使，守陳留。 陳留據水陸劇，居民孳夥，而太平久，不知戰。 介然到屯不三日，賊已度河。 車騎蹂騰，煙塵漫數十里，日為奪色。 士聞鉦鼓聲，皆褫氣不能授甲。 凡旬六日，城陷。 初，有詔購賊首而暴誅慶宗狀。 祿山入陳留，見詔書，拊膺大哭曰：「我何罪！ 吾子亦何罪，乃殺之！」 即大恚憤，殺陳留降者萬人以逞，血流成川，斬介然於軍門。 以偽將李廷望為節度使，守陳留。
When Lushan rebelled, Jieran was appointed Investigation Commissioner and Military Commissioner of Henan and defended Chenliu. Chenliu lay at a strategic junction of waterways and roads and its population was large; yet peace had lasted so long that the people knew nothing of war. Less than three days after Jieran arrived at his camp, the rebels had already crossed the river. Chariots and horsemen trampled and churned; dust and smoke spread for several tens of li, darkening the sun. When the soldiers heard the drums and gongs, their spirits collapsed and they could not don their armor. In all, on the sixteenth day the city fell. Previously there had been an edict offering a reward for the rebel leader's head and publicly executing Qingzong. When Lushan entered Chenliu and saw the edict, he beat his breast and wept, saying: "What crime have I committed? What crime did my son commit, that he was killed! He flew into a great rage and killed ten thousand who had surrendered in Chenliu to vent his anger; blood flowed and formed a river; Jieran was executed before the army gate. The false general Li Tingwang was made Military Commissioner and left to defend Chenliu.
108
祿山已拔陳留，則鼓而前，無敢亢。 中宿攻滎陽，太守崔無诐率眾乘城，聞師噪，自隊如雨，無诐與官屬皆死賊手。 以偽將武令珣戍焉。
Once Lushan had taken Chenliu, he beat his drums and advanced, and none dared resist. He camped overnight and attacked Xingyang; Prefect Cui Wukou led the masses onto the walls, but when they heard the army's clamor they fell from the ranks like rain; Wukou and his subordinates all died at the rebels' hands. The false general Wu Lingxun was left to garrison the place.
109
無诐者，本韋后外家，博陵舊望也。 始，無诐娶蕭至忠女，至忠敗，被貶。 久乃為益州司馬。 素善楊國忠，既用事，引為少府監，守滎陽。 有詔贈禮部尚書，謚曰毅勇。
Wukou was originally from the Empress Wei's maternal clan and came from an old Boling family. At first Wukou married Xiao Zhizhong's daughter; when Zhizhong fell, he was demoted. After a long time he became Assistant Administrator of Yi Prefecture. He had long been on good terms with Yang Guozhong; once Guozhong took power, he was promoted to Vice Director of the Palace Workshop and made Prefect of Xingyang. An edict posthumously granted him the title of Minister of Rites and gave him the posthumous name Resolute and Brave.