1
張全義
Zhang Quanyi
2
張全義，字國維，濮州臨濮人也。 少以田家子役於縣，縣令數困辱之，全義因亡入黃巢賊中。 巢陷長安，以全義為吏部尚書、水運使。 巢賊敗，去事諸葛爽於河陽。 爽死，事其子仲方。 仲方為孫儒所逐，全義與李罕之分據河陽、洛陽以附於梁，二人相得甚歡。 然罕之性貪暴，日以寇鈔為事。 全義勤儉，禦軍有法，督民耕殖。 以故，罕之常乏食，而全義常有餘。 罕之仰給全義，全義不能給，二人因有隙。 罕之出兵攻晉、絳，全義襲取河陽，罕之奔晉，晉遣兵助罕之，圍全義甚急。 全義乞兵於梁，梁遣牛存節、丁會等以兵萬人自九鼎渡河，擊敗罕之於沇水，晉軍解去。 梁以丁會守河陽，全義還為河南尹。 全義德梁出己，由是盡心焉。
Zhang Quanyi, styled Guowei, came from Linpu in Puzhou. As a boy he did corvée for the county as a farmer’s son. The magistrate shamed him again and again; Quanyi ran off and joined Huang Chao’s rebels. When Chao seized Chang’an he made Quanyi Minister of the Civil Service and commissioner of water transport. After Chao’s fall he went to Zhuge Shuang at Heyang. Shuang died; he served the son Zhongfang. Sun Ru drove out Zhongfang. Quanyi and Li Hanzhi split Heyang and Luoyang and came over to Liang. The two were fast friends. Hanzhi was greedy and brutal; every day was for raiding and loot. Quanyi was thrifty, kept strict discipline in camp, and drove the people back to the fields. So Hanzhi went hungry while Quanyi’s granaries stayed full. Hanzhi lived on Quanyi’s grain until Quanyi could give no more; then the friendship cracked. Hanzhi marched on Jin and Jiang. Quanyi struck and seized Heyang. Hanzhi ran to Li Keyong; Jin sent help and penned Quanyi tight. Quanyi cried to Liang for men. Niu Cunjie and Ding Hui crossed at Jiuding with ten thousand troops, smashed Hanzhi on the Yan River, and Jin pulled away. Liang left Ding Hui in Heyang; Quanyi resumed as Intendant of Henan. Liang had pulled him out of the fire; Quanyi served with all he had.
3
是時，河南遭巢、儒兵火之後，城邑殘破，戶不滿百，全義披荊棘，勸耕殖，躬載酒食，勞民畎畝之間，築南、北二城以居之。 數年，人物完盛，民甚賴之。 及梁太祖劫唐昭宗東遷，繕理宮闕、府廨、倉庫，皆全義之力也。 全義初名言，唐昭宗賜名全義。 唐亡，全義事梁，又請改名，太祖賜名宗奭。 太祖猜忌，晚年尤甚，全義奉事益謹，卒以自免。
Chao and Ru had burned Henan hollow—fewer than a hundred households left. Quanyi cut brush, pushed the plow, carried wine and food into the furrows himself, and raised south and north cities for people to live in. In a few years the land filled out again; the people leaned on him. When Zhu Wen dragged Zhaozong east, every palace, yamen, and warehouse put back in order was Quanyi’s work. He had first been called Yan; Zhaozong gave him the name Quanyi—“whole righteousness.” Tang ended; he served Liang and asked for a new name. The Founder called him Zongyi. Zhu Wen grew more suspicious with age; Quanyi bowed lower year by year and lived.
4
自梁與晉戰河北，兵數敗亡，全義輒搜卒伍鎧馬，月獻之以補其缺。 太祖兵敗蓚縣，道病，還洛，幸全義會節園避暑，留旬日，全義妻女皆迫淫之。 其子繼祚憤恥不自勝，欲剚刃太祖，全義止之曰：「吾為李罕之兵圍河陽，啖木屑以為食，惟有一馬，欲殺以餉軍，死在朝夕，而梁兵擊之，得至今日，此恩不可忘也。」 繼祚乃止。
While Liang and Jin tore at Hebei and Liang’s hosts bled men and horses, Quanyi combed his camps every month for mail and mounts to send north and patch the holes. Defeated at Gaoxian, Zhu Wen sickened on the march home. He summered at Quanyi’s Festival Garden ten days and forced Quanyi’s wife and daughters. His son Jizu burned with shame and reached for a knife. Quanyi caught his arm: “Hanzhi had me penned at Heyang eating sawdust. One horse left—I meant to slaughter it for the men. I was as good as dead when Liang broke the siege. Do not forget that debt.” Jizu laid the blade down.
5
嘗有言全義於太祖者，太祖召全義，其意不測。 全義妻儲氏明敏有口辯，遽入見，厲聲曰：「宗奭，種田叟爾！ 守河南三十年，開荒斫土，捃拾財賦，助陛下創業，今年齒衰朽，已無能為，而陛下疑之，何也？」 太祖笑曰：「我無惡心，嫗勿多言。」 全義事梁，累拜中書令，食邑至萬三千戶，兼領忠武陜虢鄭滑河陽節度使、判六軍諸衛事、天下兵馬副元帥，封魏王。
Word reached Zhu Wen that Quanyi was not to be trusted. He summoned him—you could not read his face. His wife Lady Chu was quick and had a tongue like a blade. She went straight in and snapped: “Zongyi? A dirt farmer, nothing more! Thirty years he has kept Henan—cut brush, broke ground, scraped every tax to feed your founding. His bones are old and useless, and you doubt him. For what?” The Founder laughed: “No harm meant, old mother—enough talk.” He rose to Grand Councilor, thirteen thousand households, and at once Zhongwu, Shaan, Guo, Zheng, Hua, and Heyang; he judged the Six Armies and palace guards, stood second only to the commander-in-chief, and was made Prince of Wei.
6
初，全義為李罕之所敗，其弟全武及其家屬為晉兵所得，晉王給以田宅，待之甚厚，全義常陰遣人通問於太原。 及梁亡，莊宗入汴，全義自洛來朝，泥首待罪，莊宗勞之曰：「卿家弟侄，幸復相見。 全義俯伏感涕。 年老不能進趨，遣人掖扶而登，宴犒盡歡，命皇子繼岌、皇弟存紀等皆兄事之。 全義因去梁所賜名，請復其故名。 而全義猶不自安，乃厚賂劉皇后以自托。
When Hanzhi beat him once, his brother Quanwu and kin fell to Jin. Li Keyong gave them land and kept them well. Quanyi still sent quiet word to Taiyuan. Liang died; Zhuangzong took Bian. Quanyi came from Luoyang, face in the dust, ready for death. Zhuangzong raised him: “Your brothers and nephews—good to see them whole again. Quanyi pressed his forehead to the floor and wept. Too old to hurry, he was helped up the steps. The feast ran late. Zhuangzong told Jiji, Cunji, and the rest to honor him as elder brother. He dropped the Liang name and asked for his old one back. Still he could not rest easy and bought Empress Liu with heavy gifts.
7
初，梁末帝幸洛陽，將祀天於南郊而不果，其儀仗法物猶在，全義因請幸洛陽，白南郊儀物已具。 莊宗大悅，加拜全義太師、尚書令。 明年十一月，莊宗幸洛陽，南郊而禮物不具，因改用來年二月，然不以前語責全義。 以皇后故，待之愈厚，數幸其第，命皇后拜全義為父，改封齊王。
Liang’s Last Emperor had come to Luoyang for the southern-suburb rite and failed; the gear was still there. Quanyi asked Zhuangzong to come, swearing the suburban vessels were waiting. Zhuangzong was delighted and made him Grand Preceptor and Director of the Secretariat. Next year, eleventh month, he reached Luoyang. The suburban gifts were not ready; the rite slid to second month next year—and he never called Quanyi to account for the lie. For the empress’s sake his favor deepened. Zhuangzong came to his house again and again, had the empress call him father, and changed his title to Prince of Qi.
8
初，莊宗滅梁，欲掘梁太祖墓，斫棺戮屍。 全義以謂梁雖仇敵，今已屠滅其家，足以報怨，剖棺之戮，非王者以大度示天下也。 莊宗以為然，鏟去墓闕而已。
When he destroyed Liang he meant to open Zhu Wen’s tomb, break the coffin, and mutilate the body. Quanyi said: “Liang was your foe, but the clan is wiped out—that pays the debt. A king does not show the world his spite by gutting a grave. Zhuangzong agreed and only stripped the tomb’s stone tower.
9
全義監軍嘗得李德裕平泉醒酒石，德裕孫延古，因托全義復求之。 監軍忿然曰：「自黃巢亂後，洛陽園宅無復能守，豈獨平泉一石哉！」 全義嘗在巢賊中，以為譏己，固大怒，奏笞殺監軍者，天下冤之。 其聽訟，以先訴者為直，民頗以為苦。
His army supervisor had taken Li Deyu’s Pingquan sobering stone. Deyu’s grandson Yan’gu asked Quanyi to get it back. The supervisor snarled: “Since Chao, not one Luoyang estate could be held—why fuss over one Pingquan stone? Quanyi had ridden with Chao once and heard an insult. He raged, had the man flogged to death, and the realm cried foul. In court he favored whoever filed first; folk groaned under it.
10
同光四年，趙在禮反於魏，元行欽討賊無功，莊宗欲自將討之，大臣皆諫以為不可，因言明宗可將。 是時，郭崇韜、朱友謙皆已見殺，明宗自鎮州來朝，處之私第，莊宗疑之，不欲遣也。 群臣固請，不從； 最後全義力以為言，莊宗乃從。 已而明宗至魏果反，全義以憂卒，年七十五，謚曰忠肅。
Tongguang 4: Zhao Zaili rose in Wei. Yuan Xingqin could not break him. Zhuangzong meant to go himself; ministers begged him not to and named Mingzong instead. Guo Chongtao and Zhu Youqian were already dead. Mingzong came from Zhenzhou and was kept in a private house. Zhuangzong mistrusted him and would not send him out. Ministers pressed again and again; he refused; only when Quanyi spoke hard for it did Zhuangzong yield. Mingzong reached Wei and turned rebel. Quanyi died of grief at seventy-five. They styled him Loyal and Solemn.
11
子繼祚，官至上將軍。 晉高祖時，與張從賓反於河陽，當族誅。 而宰相桑維翰以其父珙嘗事全義有恩，乞全活之，不許，止誅繼祚及其妻子而已。
His son Jizu rose to supreme general. Under Jin’s Gaozu he followed Zhang Congbin’s revolt at Heyang and earned extinction for his line. Chancellor Sang Weihan’s father Gong had served Quanyi well; he begged mercy for the clan. Denied—but only Jizu, his wife, and children died.
12
朱友謙
Zhu Youqian
13
朱友謙，字德光，許州人也。 初名簡，以卒隸澠池鎮，有罪亡去，為盜石濠、三鄉之間，商旅行路皆苦之。 久之，去，為陜州軍校。 陜州節度使王珙，為人嚴酷，與其弟珂爭河中，戰敗，其牙將李璠與友謙謀，共殺珙，附於梁，太祖表璠代珙。 璠立，友謙復以兵攻之，璠得逃去，梁太祖又表友謙代璠。 梁兵西攻李茂貞，太祖往來過陜，友謙奉事尤謹，因請曰：「仆本無功，而富貴至此，元帥之力也。 且幸同姓，願更名以齒諸子。」 太祖益憐之，乃更其名友謙，錄以為子。 太祖即位，徙鎮河中，累遷中書令，封冀王。
Zhu Youqian, styled Deguang, came from Xuzhou. First he was Jian—a soldier at Mianchi, then a fugitive. He robbed between Shihao and Sanxiang until every merchant on the road feared him. In time he left the hills for a post in the Shaan garrison. Wang Gong of Shaan was cruel; he and his brother Ke fought for Hezhong and lost. His yamen officer Li Fan and Youqian killed Gong and came to Liang. Zhu Wen named Fan to replace him. Fan took the seat; Youqian attacked again. Fan ran. Zhu Wen put Youqian in his place. Liang marched west on Li Maozhen; the Founder passed through Shaan again and again. Youqian waited on him like a shadow and said: “I had no merit. Everything I am, Marshal, is your doing. We even share the Zhu name—I beg a new name to stand among your sons.” Zhu Wen’s heart softened; he renamed him Youqian and took him as a son. At the founding he was moved to Hezhong, rose to Grand Councilor, and was made Prince of Ji.
14
太祖遇弒，友珪立，加友謙侍中，友謙雖受命，而心常不平。 已而友珪使召友謙入覲，友謙不行，乃附於晉。 友珪遣招討使韓將康懷英等兵五萬擊友謙。 晉王出澤、潞以救之，遇懷英於解縣，大敗之，追至白逕嶺，夜秉炬擊之，懷英又敗，梁兵乃解去。 友謙醉寢晉王帳中，晉王視之，顧左右曰：「冀王雖甚貴，然恨其臂短耳！」
Zhu Wen was murdered; Yougui seized the throne and made Youqian Palace Attendant. He took the seal but never made peace with it. Yougui called him to court; Youqian stayed away and went over to Jin. Yougui sent Kang Huaiying and fifty thousand men against him. Li Keyong came out of Ze and Lu, met Huaiying at Jie, broke him utterly, chased to Baijing Ridge, burned torches into him at night, broke him again, and Liang pulled off. Youqian slept drunk in Li Keyong’s tent. The Prince looked him over and told his men: “All that honor—and such short arms!”
15
莊宗滅梁入洛，友謙來朝，賜姓名曰李繼麟，賜予巨萬。 明年，加守太師、尚書令，賜鐵券恕死罪。 以其子令德為遂州節度使，令錫忠武軍節度使，諸子及其將校為刺史者十餘人，恩寵之盛，時無與比。 是時宦官、伶人用事，多求賂於友謙，友謙不能給而辭焉，宦官、伶人皆怒。 唐兵伐蜀，友謙閱其精兵，命其子令德將以從軍。 及郭崇韜見殺，伶人景進言：「唐兵初出時，友謙以為討己，閱兵自備。」 又言：「與崇韜謀反。」 且曰：「崇韜所以反於蜀者，以友謙為內應。 友謙見崇韜死，謀與存乂為郭氏報冤。」 莊宗初疑其事，群伶、宦官日夜以為言。 友謙聞之大恐，將入朝以自明，將吏皆勸其毋行。 友謙曰：「郭公有大功於國，而以讒死，我不自明，誰為我言者！」 乃單車入朝。 景進使人詐為變書，告友謙反。 莊宗惑之，乃徙友謙義成軍節度使，遣朱守殷夜以兵圍其館，驅友謙出徽安門外，殺之，復其姓名。 詔魏王繼岌殺令德於遂州，王思同殺令錫於許州，夏魯奇族其家屬於河中。 魯奇至其家，友謙妻張氏率其宗族二百餘口見魯奇曰：「朱氏宗族當死，願無濫及平人。」 乃別其婢仆百人，以其族百口就刑。 張氏入室取其鐵券示魯奇曰：「此皇帝所賜也，不知為何語！」 魯奇亦為之慚。
Zhuangzong took Luoyang; Youqian came to court. He was given the Li surname and the name Jilin and gifts beyond counting. Next year: acting Grand Preceptor, Director of the Secretariat, and an iron pardon for death. Son Lingde took Suizhou; Lingxi took Zhongwu; more than ten sons and officers held prefectures—no favor like it in the age. Eunuchs and actors ruled the court and shook Youqian down. He could not pay and said no. They hated him for it. When Tang marched on Shu he mustered his best and sent Lingde to war. After Guo Chongtao died, the actor Jing Jin said: “When the host first marched, Youqian thought it was for him—he drilled troops and armed.” He also said: “He and Chongtao meant to rebel together.” And: “Chongtao turned in Shu because Youqian was his man inside. Seeing Chongtao dead, he plotted with Cunyi to avenge Guo.” Zhuangzong doubted at first; actors and eunuchs whispered it day and night. Youqian heard and was terrified. He meant to go to court and clear his name; officers begged him to stay home. Youqian said: “Guo served the realm and died on lies. If I do not speak for myself, who will?” He drove to court alone in one cart. Jing Jin forged a dispatch saying Youqian had risen. Zhuangzong wavered, moved him to Yicheng, and sent Zhu Shouyin at night to ring his lodge. They dragged him past Hui’an Gate and killed him, then took back his old name. Edict: Jiji kill Lingde at Suizhou; Wang Sitong kill Lingxi at Xuzhou; Xia Luqi wipe out the clan at Hezhong. Luqi came to the house. Lady Zhang led two hundred kin to meet him: “The Zhu line owes death. Spare the servants and strangers. She sent a hundred servants aside; a hundred Zhu went to the block. She went inside, brought out the iron pardon, and held it to Luqi’s face: “The emperor gave this—what language is this?” Even Luqi flushed.
16
友謙死，其將史武等七人皆坐友謙族誅，天下冤之。
When he fell, seven officers including Shi Wu died with the clan for his sake. The realm called it murder.
17
袁象先
Yuan Xiangxian
18
太祖遇弒，友珪立。 末帝留守東都，以大事謀於趙巖，巖曰：「此事如反掌耳，但得招討楊令公一言諭禁軍，則事可成。」 末帝即遣人之魏州，以謀告楊師厚，師厚遣裨將王舜賢至洛陽與象先謀，象先許諾。 是時，龍驤軍將劉重遇戍於懷州，以其軍作亂，友珪遣霍彥威擊敗於鄢陵，其餘兵奔散，捕之甚急。 末帝即召龍驤軍在東京者告之曰：「上以重遇故，欲盡召龍驤軍至洛而誅之。」 乃偽為友珪詔書示之，龍驤軍恐懼，不知所為，因告之曰：「友珪弒父與君，天下之賊也！ 爾能趨洛陽擒之，以其首祭先帝，則所謂轉禍而為福也。」 軍士踴躍曰：「王言是也。」 末帝即馳奏，言：「龍驤軍反。」 象先聞之，即引禁軍千人入宮攻友珪，友珪死。 末帝即位，拜象先鎮南軍節度使、同中書門下平章事、開封尹、判在京馬步軍諸軍事。 貞明四年，為平盧軍節度使，徙鎮宣武。
Zhu Wen was murdered; Yougui took the throne. The Last Emperor held Luoyang and asked Zhao Yan. Yan said: “This is easy as turning your hand—one word from Yang the Commandant to the forbidden army, and it is done. He sent to Weizhou; Yang Shihou sent his deputy Wang Shunxian to Luoyang. Xiangxian pledged yes. Liu Chongyu of the Dragon-Prancing Army held Huaizhou and his men rebelled. Yougui sent Huo Yanwei; he broke them at Yanling. Survivors scattered; hunters ran them hard. The Last Emperor called the Dragon-Prancing men in Luoyang and said: “The throne, because of Chongyu, means to pull every Dragon-Prancing soldier to the capital and kill them all. They forged Yougui’s edict and showed it. The Dragon-Prancing men panicked, helpless. Then they said: “Yougui killed his father and his lord—the realm’s bandit. Run to Luoyang, take him, and hang his head before Taizu’s spirit. That is fortune from disaster.” The men shouted: “The Prince speaks true.” The Last Emperor galloped word to the throne: “The Dragon Flight Army has risen in revolt.” Xiangxian heard and led a thousand palace guards straight in to strike Yougui dead. The Last Emperor made him military governor of Zhennan, co–Grand Councillor, Kaifeng prefect, and overseer of every horse and foot regiment in the capital. In Zhenming year 4 he took Pinglu, then was moved to Xuanwu.
19
象先為梁將，未嘗有戰功，徒以甥故掌親軍。 及誅友珪，有功於末帝。 在宋州十餘年，誅斂其民，積貸千萬。 莊宗滅梁，象先來朝洛陽，輦其資數十萬，賂唐將相、伶官、宦者及劉皇后等，由是內外翕然稱其為人。 莊宗待之甚厚，賜姓名為李紹安，改宣武軍為歸德軍，曰：「歸德之名，為卿設也。」 遣之還鎮。 是歲卒，年六十，贈太師。
Among Liang generals he had never earned a battle; he commanded the personal guard solely as the emperor’s nephew-in-law. Slaying Yougui was his gift to the Last Emperor. More than ten years at Songzhou he bled the people dry and piled loans to the tune of ten million. When Zhuangzong took Liang, Xiangxian came to Luoyang with cartloads of treasure—hundreds of thousands—to buy Tang ministers, actors, eunuchs, Empress Liu. Court and camp alike suddenly called him a fine man. Zhuangzong favored him richly, gave him the name Li Shao’an, and renamed Xuanwu the Guide Army: “Guide—that name was made for you.” Then sent him back to his post. He died that year at sixty, posthumously Grand Preceptor.
20
象先二子，正辭官至刺史，泬周世宗時為橫海軍節度使。 象先平生所積財產數千萬，邸舍四千間，其卒也，不以分諸子，而悉與正辭。 正辭初以父任為飛龍副使。 唐廢帝時，獻錢五萬緡，領衢州刺史。 晉高祖入立，復獻五萬緡，求為真刺史。 拜雄州刺史，州在靈武之西，吐蕃界中。 正辭憚，不欲行，復獻錢數萬，乃得免。 正辭不勝其忿，以衣帶自經，其家人救之而止。 出帝時，又獻錢三萬緡、銀萬兩，出帝憐之，欲與一內郡，未及而卒。
He had two sons—Zhengci reached prefect; Jiao became Henghai military governor under Shizong of Zhou. He had piled tens of millions and four thousand houses. At death he left his sons nothing and gave the whole hoard to Zhengci. Zhengci first rode his father’s name into the Soaring Dragon guard as deputy. Under Tang’s deposed emperor he bought Quzhou with fifty thousand strings of cash. When Jin’s Gaozu rose he paid another fifty thousand strings for a real prefecture, not an acting one. They named him prefect of Xiong—west of Lingwu, deep in the Tibetan marches. Zhengci shrank from the posting, paid more cash, and bought his way out. Rage choked him; he looped his belt round his neck. Family pulled him down before he finished. Under Emperor Chu he paid thirty thousand strings and ten thousand taels of silver. Chu meant to grant him an interior post—but Zhengci died first.
21
正辭積錢盈室，室中嘗有聲如牛，人以為妖，勸其散積以禳之。 正辭曰：「吾聞物之有聲，求其同類爾，宜益以錢，聲必止。」 聞者傳以為笑。
Cash packed his rooms until the walls seemed to low like cattle. Neighbors called it a demon and begged him to spend the hoard to quiet it. Zhengci said, “When things cry out they are calling their kind. Add more money—the noise will stop.” The story passed for a joke across the city.
22
朱漢賓
Zhu Hanbin
23
朱漢賓，字績臣，亳州譙人也。 其父元禮為軍校，從梁軍戰，歿於清口。 漢賓為人有膽力，梁太祖以其父死戰，憐之，以為養子。 是時，梁方東攻兗、鄆，鄆州朱瑾募其軍中驍勇者，黥雙雁於其頰，號「雁子都」。 太祖聞之，乃更選勇士數百人，號「落雁都」，以漢賓為指揮使。 及漢賓貴，人猶以為「朱落雁」。 漢賓事梁為天威軍使，歷磁滑宋亳曹五州刺史、安遠軍節度使。 莊宗滅梁，罷漢賓為右龍武統軍，待之頗薄。 後莊宗因出遊幸其第，漢賓妻有色而惠，因侍左右，進酒食，奏歌舞，莊宗歡甚，留至夜漏二更而去，漢賓自此有寵。 初，漢賓在梁也，與朱友謙俱為太祖養子，而友謙年長，漢賓以兄事之。 其後梁亡，漢賓數寓書友謙，友謙不答，漢賓銜之。 其後友謙見族，人皆以為漢賓有力。 明宗入立，以漢賓為莊宗所厚，惡之，以為右衛上將軍。 安重誨用事，漢賓依附之，相為婚姻，由是復得為昭義軍節度使。 重誨死，漢賓罷為上將軍，遂以太子少保致仕。 漢賓為將，未嘗有戰功，而臨政能守法，好施惠，人頗愛之。 清泰二年卒，年六十四。 晉高祖時，贈太子少傅，謚曰貞惠。
Zhu Hanbin, styled Jichen, came from Qiao in Bozhou. His father Yuanli was a camp officer who followed Liang into battle and fell at Qingkou. Hanbin had nerve and muscle. Zhu Wen, pitying a boy whose father died in his service, adopted him. Liang was driving east on Yan and Yun. Zhu Jin of Yun raised the fiercest fighters, branded twin geese on their cheeks, and called them the Goose Sons. Zhu Wen answered with several hundred picked men—the Falling-Goose Company—and put Hanbin in command. Even in high office men still called him Zhu Falling-Goose. He commanded the Heavenly Might army, held Ci, Hua, Song, Bo, and Cao in turn, and became military governor of Anyuan. When Zhuangzong took Liang he parked Hanbin in the Right Dragon Martial guard and kept him at arm’s length. Once Zhuangzong called at his house. Hanbin’s wife was lovely and sharp; she poured wine, sang, danced at his side. Zhuangzong stayed till the second watch. After that Hanbin had favor again. In Liang days he and Zhu Youqian were both Zhu Wen’s adopted sons; Youqian was senior, and Hanbin treated him as elder brother. After Liang fell Hanbin wrote again and again. Youqian never answered. Hanbin brooded on the slight. When Youqian’s clan was wiped out, many said Hanbin had helped drive the blade. Mingzong, who disliked anyone Zhuangzong had loved, made him Right Guard senior general. He clung to An Chonghui, married into his house, and won back Zhaoyi as military governor. Chonghui died; Hanbin was stripped to senior general, then retired as Junior Mentor of the Heir. He never won a battle, but in office he kept the law and gave freely; people liked him for it. He died in Qingtai year 2, aged sixty-four. Jin’s Gaozu posthumously made him Junior Mentor of the Heir with the posthumous name Zhenhui—Loyal and Kind.
24
段凝，開封人也。 初名明遠，後更名凝。 為澠池主簿。 其父事梁太祖，以事坐徙。 後凝棄官，亦事太祖，為軍巡使。 又以其妹內太祖，妹有色，後為美人。 凝為人憸巧，善窺迎人意，又以妹故，太祖漸親信之，常使監諸軍。 為懷州刺史，梁太祖北征，過懷州，凝獻饋甚豐，太祖大悅。 過相州，相州刺史李思安獻饋如常禮，比凝為薄，太祖怒，思安因以得罪死。 遷凝鄭州刺史，使監兵於河上。 李振亟請罷之，太祖曰：「凝未有罪。」 振曰：「待其有罪，則社稷亡矣！」 然終不罷也。
Duan Ning Duan Ning came from Kaifeng. He was born Mingyuan and later took the name Ning. He was chief clerk of Mianchi. His father had served Zhu Wen and was exiled for a fault in office. Ning quit the clerkship and entered Zhu Wen’s service as army patrol commissioner. He placed his younger sister in the Founder’s bed; she was beautiful and rose to palace Beauty. Ning was sly and quick to read a man’s mood. The sister won him trust; Zhu Wen often set him to watch the armies. They made him prefect of Huai. When Zhu Wen marched north he passed Huai; Ning’s gifts were lavish and the Founder was delighted. At Xiang, Prefect Li Si’an gave the usual tribute—nothing beside Ning’s feast. Zhu Wen raged; Si’an offended and died for it. They moved him to Zhengzhou and set him over the river armies. Li Zhen begged to remove him. Zhu Wen said, “Ning has done no crime.” Zhen said, “Wait for a crime and the realm will be gone first!
25
莊宗已下魏博，與梁相距河上。 梁以王彥章為招討使，凝為副。 是時，末帝昏亂，小人趙巖、張漢傑等用事，凝依附巖等為奸。 彥章為招討使，三日，用奇計破唐德勝南城。 而凝與彥章各自上其功，巖等從中匿彥章功狀，悉歸其功於凝。 凝因納金巖等，求代彥章，末帝惑巖等言，卒以凝為招討使，軍於王村。 是時，唐已下鄆州，凝乃自酸棗決河東註鄆，以隔絕唐軍，號「護駕水」。 莊宗自鄆趨汴，汴兵悉已屬凝，京師無備，乃遣張漢倫馳驲召凝於河上，漢倫中道墜馬，傷不能進。 已而梁亡，凝率精兵五萬降唐，莊宗賜以錦袍、御馬。 明日，凝奏：「故梁奸人趙巖、張漢傑等十餘人侮弄權柄，殘害生靈，請皆族之。」 凝出入唐朝無隗色，見唐將相若倡優，因伶人景進納賂劉皇后，以求恩寵。 莊宗甚親愛之，賜姓名曰李紹欽，以為泰寧軍節度使。 居月餘，用庫錢數十萬，有司請責其償，莊宗釋之。 郭崇韜固請，以為不可，莊宗怒曰：「朕為卿所制，都不自由！」 終釋之。
” He was never removed. Zhuangzong had taken Weibo; Liang and Tang faced each other across the river. Liang named Wang Yanzhang pacification commissioner and Ning his second. The Last Emperor was lost; Zhao Yan, Zhang Hanjie, and their kind ruled. Ning rode their coattails into treachery. Yanzhang, as pacification commissioner, took Tang’s southern Desheng citadel in three days with a stratagem. Ning and Yanzhang each filed merit. Yan’s clique buried Yanzhang’s report and gave Ning the whole credit. Ning bought Yan with gold and asked to replace Yanzhang. The Last Emperor listened; Ning became pacification commissioner at Wangcun. Tang had Yun. Ning cut the Yellow River east from Suanzao to flood toward Yun and wall off Tang’s host—the Imperial-Guard Water. Zhuangzong ran from Yun on Bian. Every soldier at Bian answered to Ning; the capital was bare. They sent Zhang Hanlun by relay to pull Ning off the river—Hanlun fell midway and could not ride on. Liang fell. Ning brought fifty thousand elite horse to Tang. Zhuangzong gave brocade and an imperial mount. Next day he memorialized: “Liang’s villains Zhao Yan, Zhang Hanjie, and a dozen more played with power and ruined the people—exterminate every clan. ” He walked Tang’s halls without shame, treating ministers like players. Through the actor Jing Jin he bought Empress Liu’s favor. Zhuangzong doted on him, gave him the name Li Shaoqin, and made him military governor of Taining. In a month he burned through hundreds of thousands from the treasury. The accountants demanded repayment. Zhuangzong let it go. Guo Chongtao insisted it could not stand. Zhuangzong snapped, “You rule me—I am not free!
26
莊宗遣李紹宏監諸將備契丹，凝軍瓦橋關，以諂事紹宏，紹宏數薦凝可大用，郭崇韜每以為不可。 遷武勝軍節度使。 趙在禮反，紹宏請以凝招討，莊宗使凝條奏方略，凝所請偏裨，皆其故黨，莊宗疑之，乃止。 明宗即位，勒歸田里。 明年，長流遼州，賜死。
” In the end he released him anyway. They moved him to military governor of Wusheng. When Zhao Zaili rose, Shaohong wanted Ning as pacifier. Zhuangzong asked his plan; every deputy Ning named was an old crony. Zhuangzong smelled a plot and stopped. Mingzong’s accession sent him home to his village. Next year they exiled him to distant Liaozhou and granted death.
27
周知裕
Zhou Zhiyu
28
周知裕，字好問，幽州人也。 為劉仁恭騎將，仁恭為其子守光所囚，知裕去事守光兄守文。 守光又攻殺守文，乃與張萬進立守文子延祚而事之。 守光又殺廷祚，以其子繼威代之。 萬進殺繼威，與知裕俱奔於梁。 梁太祖得知裕喜甚，為置歸化軍，以知裕為指揮使，凡與晉戰所得，及兵背晉而歸梁者，皆以隸知裕。 梁、晉相拒河上十餘年，其摧堅陷陣，歸化一軍為最，然知裕位不過刺史。 莊宗入汴，知裕與段凝軍河上，聞梁已亡，欲自殺，為賓客故人止之，乃降唐。 莊宗尤寵待之，諸將嫉其寵，因獵射之，知裕走以免。 莊宗為殺射者，以知裕為房州刺史。 明宗時，歷絳、淄二州刺史，遷宿州團練使、安州留後。 所居皆有善政。 安州近淮，俗惡病者，父母有疾，置之佗室，以竹竿系飲食委之，至死不近。 知裕深患之，加以教道，由是稍革。 罷為右神武統軍。 應順中卒，贈太傅。
Zhou Zhiyu, styled Haowen, came from Youzhou. He rode for Liu Rengong until Rengong’s son Shouguang imprisoned him; Zhiyu then served the elder brother Shouwen. Shouguang killed Shouwen too. Zhiyu and Zhang Wanjin set up Shouwen’s son Yanzuo and served him. Shouguang killed Yanzuo as well and put his own son Jiewei in his place. Wanjin killed Jiewei; he and Zhiyu fled together to Liang. Zhu Wen was overjoyed. He formed the Return-to-Righteousness army under Zhiyu and dumped into it every prisoner from Jin wars and every deserter from Jin. For ten years Liang and Jin fought on the river; no unit broke lines like Return-to-Righteousness—yet Zhiyu never rose above prefect. When Zhuangzong took Bian, Zhiyu and Duan Ning were on the river. Hearing Liang was gone he meant to die; friends held him back and he surrendered to Tang. Zhuangzong spoiled him. Jealous generals shot at him on a hunt; Zhiyu ran clear. Zhuangzong killed the shooters and made him prefect of Fang. Under Mingzong he held Jiang and Zi, then Suzhou as Tuanlian commissioner and An as acting prefect. Every post he held was well governed. An lay on the Huai. Locals feared the sick: parents with illness were shut in another room; food came down on bamboo poles; no one approached till death. Zhiyu hated the custom and taught against it until the practice slowly died. They moved him to commander of the Right Divine Martial guard. He died in the Yingshun reign and was posthumously made Grand Tutor.
29
陸思鐸
Lu Siduo
30
陸思鐸，澶州臨黃人也。 少事梁為宣武軍卒，以善射知名。 累遷拱辰左廂都指揮使，領恩州刺史。 梁、晉相拒河上，思鐸鏤其姓名於箭筈以射晉軍，而矢中莊宗馬鞍，莊宗拔矢，見思鐸姓名，奇之。 其後滅梁，思鐸謁見，莊宗出其矢以示之，思鐸伏地請死，莊宗慰而起之，拜龍武右廂都指揮使。 晉高祖時，為陳、蔡二州刺史。 卒年五十四。 思鐸在陳州，有善政，臨終戒其子曰：「陳人愛我，我死則葬焉。」 遂葬於陳州。
Lu Siduo came from Linhuang in Cao. Young he soldiered in the Xuanwu army and was famed for the bow. He rose to left-wing commander of the Bowmen of the Constellation and held En as prefect. On the river he carved his name on arrow shafts and shot at Jin. One struck Zhuangzong’s saddle; Zhuangzong drew it, read Siduo’s name, and marveled. After Liang fell Siduo came to court. Zhuangzong showed the arrow. Siduo kowtowed for death; Zhuangzong lifted him and made him right-wing commander of the Dragon Martial guard. Under Jin’s Gaozu he held Chen and Cai as prefect. He died at fifty-four. Siduo held Chenzhou and ruled kindly. Dying, he told his son: “The people of Chen love me. When I am gone, bury me here.” So they buried him at Chenzhou.