Volume 19 Biographies 11: Da Xiwu; Zi Zhen; Houmo Chenshun; Dou Luning; Yu Wengui; Yang Zhong; Wang Xiong

達奚武子震侯莫陳順豆盧寧宇文貴楊忠王雄

Da Xiwu — Zi Zhen — Houmo Chen Shun — Dou Luning — Yuwen Gui — Yang Zhong — Wang Xiong

達奚武字成興，代人也。祖眷，魏懷荒鎮將。父長，汧城鎮將。

Da Xiwu, styled Chenxing, came from Dai. His grandfather Juan had been garrison commander of Huaihuang under Wei. His father Chang served as garrison commander of Qiancheng.

武少倜儻，好馳射，為賀拔岳所知。岳征關右，引為別將，武遂委心事之。以戰功拜羽林監、子都督。及岳為侯莫陳悅所害，武與趙貴收岳屍歸平涼，同翊戴太祖。從平悅，除中散大夫、都督，封須昌縣伯，邑三百戶。魏孝武入關，授直寢，轉大丞相府中兵參軍。大統初，出為東秦州刺史，加散騎常侍，進爵為公。

As a young man Da Xiwu was bold and independent, loved horsemanship and archery, and caught the attention of He Ba Yue. When He Ba Yue marched into Guan-you he made Da Xiwu a separate commander, and Da Xiwu gave himself entirely to his service. For battlefield achievements he received the posts of overseer of the Feathered Forest guard and cadet commander. After Houmo Chen Yue murdered He Ba Yue, Da Xiwu and Zhao Gui recovered the body and returned to Pingliang, where they helped install Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai. After Yue was put down, Da Xiwu was made palace attendant for loose conduct and commander, and enfeoffed as Baron of Xuchang with three hundred households. When Emperor Xiaowu fled west into Guan, Da Xiwu was given direct-pavilion duty and made a military staff officer in Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai's chancellery. Early in the Datong era he became governor of East Qinzhou, was given the additional title attendant gentleman of scattered cavalry, and was raised to duke.

齊神武與竇泰、高敖曹三道來侵，太祖欲幷兵擊竇泰，諸將多異議，唯武及蘇綽與太祖意同，遂擒之。齊神武乃退。太祖進圖弘農，遣武從兩騎覘候動靜，武與其候騎遇，卽便交戰，斬六級，獲三人而反。齊神武趣沙苑，太祖復遣武覘之。武從三騎，皆衣敵人衣服。至日暮，去營百步，下馬潛聽，得其軍號。因上馬歷營，若警夜者，有不如法者，往往撻之。具知敵之情狀，以告太祖。太祖深嘉焉。遂從破之。除大都督，進爵高陽郡公，拜車騎大將軍、儀同三司。

When Gao Huan invaded on three fronts with Dou Tai and Gao Aocao, Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai wanted to concentrate and destroy Dou Tai. Most of his generals disagreed, but Da Xiwu and Su Chuo sided with him, and Dou Tai was taken. Gao Huan then retreated. As Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai pressed toward Hongnong he sent Da Xiwu with two riders to reconnoiter. Da Xiwu ran into enemy scouts, fought at once, took six heads and three prisoners, and returned. When Gao Huan pushed toward Shayuan, Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai sent Da Xiwu out to scout once more. Da Xiwu took three men, all dressed in enemy uniforms. At dusk, a hundred paces from the camp, he dismounted and eavesdropped until he learned their night watchwords. Then he rode through the camps posing as a night patrol. Anyone out of order he flogged on the spot. Having mapped the enemy's disposition in full, he reported back to Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai. Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai was deeply impressed. Da Xiwu then joined the battle and helped rout the enemy. He was made grand commander, promoted to Duke of Gaoyang, and given the titles of grand general of chariots and cavalry and feoffal peer with ceremonial parity of three offices.

四年，太祖援洛陽，武率騎一千為前鋒。至穀城，與李弼破莫多婁貸文。進至河橋，武又力戰，斬其司徒高敖曹。遷侍中、驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司。出為北雍州刺史。復戰邙山，時大軍不利，齊神武乘勝進至陝。武率兵禦之，乃退。久之，進位大將軍。

In Datong 4, Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai marched to relieve Luoyang, and Da Xiwu led a thousand horsemen as vanguard. At Gucheng he and Li Bi broke the force of Modu Lou Daiwen. Pushing on to Heqiao, Da Xiwu fought hard again and killed Gao Aocao, Gao Huan's minister of education. He was promoted to palace attendant, grand general of fast cavalry, and opening-the-feudatory with ceremonial parity of three offices. He was assigned governor of North Yongzhou. At Mount Mang the main army faltered again. Gao Huan pressed the advantage and pushed to Shan. Da Xiwu led troops to block him, and Gao Huan withdrew. In time he was promoted to grand general.

十七年，詔武率兵三萬，經略漢川。梁將楊賢以武興降，梁深以白馬降，武分兵守其城。梁梁州刺史、宜豐侯蕭循固守南鄭，武圍之數旬，循乃請服，武為解圍。會梁武陵王蕭紀遣其將楊乾運等將兵萬餘人救循，循於是更據城不出。恐援軍之至，表裏受敵，乃簡精騎三千，逆擊乾運于白馬，大破之。乾運退走。武乃陳蜀軍俘級於城下。循知援軍被破，乃降，率所部男女三萬口入朝，自剱以北悉平。明年，武振旅還京師。朝議初欲以武為柱國，武謂人曰：「我作柱國，不應在元子孝前。」固辭不受。以大將軍出鎮玉壁。武乃量地形勝，立樂昌、胡營、新城三防。齊將高苟子以千騎攻新城，武邀擊之，悉虜其衆。

In year 17 an edict sent Da Xiwu with thirty thousand men to subdue the Han River region. Liang generals Yang Xian and Liang Shen surrendered Wuxing and Baima. Da Xiwu left detachments to hold both towns. Xiao Xun, Liang governor of Liang Province and Marquis of Yifeng, held Nanzheng stubbornly. Da Xiwu besieged the city for weeks until Xiao Xun offered to submit, and Da Xiwu lifted the siege. Then Liang Prince Xiao Ji of Wuling sent Yang Qianyun with more than ten thousand men to relieve Xiao Xun, and Xiao Xun shut the gates again. Fearing encirclement when the relief force arrived, Da Xiwu picked three thousand crack horsemen and intercepted Yang Qianyun at Baima, routing him completely. Yang Qianyun fled. Da Xiwu then paraded Liang prisoners and severed heads beneath the walls. When Xiao Xun learned the relief army was broken, he surrendered and led thirty thousand people into court submission. Everything north of Zijian was now pacified. The following year Da Xiwu brought his army home in triumph. The court first planned to make Da Xiwu a pillar of state. He said: "As a pillar of state I should not rank above Yuan Zixiao." He stood firm and refused the honor. He left office as grand general to garrison Yubi. Da Xiwu studied the ground and built three defensive posts at Lechang, Huying, and Xincheng. When Qi general Gao Gouzi attacked Xincheng with a thousand horsemen, Da Xiwu ambushed him and took every man.

孝閔帝踐阼，拜柱國、大司寇。齊北豫州刺史司馬消難舉州來附，詔武與楊忠迎消難以歸。武成初，轉大宗伯，進封鄭國公，邑萬戶。齊將斛律敦侵汾、絳，武以萬騎禦之，敦退。武築栢壁城，留開府權嚴、薛羽生守之。

When Emperor Xiaomin took the throne, Da Xiwu was made pillar of state and grand minister of crime. When Qi governor Sima Xiaonan of North Yuzhou defected with his province, an edict sent Da Xiwu and Yang Zhong to escort him in. Early in the Wucheng era he became grand master of ceremonies and was advanced to Duke of Zheng with ten thousand households. When Qi general Hulu Dun raided Fen and Jiang, Da Xiwu met him with ten thousand cavalry and drove him back. Da Xiwu built Baibi fortress and left Quan Yan and Xue Yusheng, both with opening-the-feudatory rank, to hold it.

保定三年，遷太保。其年，大軍東伐。隨公楊忠引突厥自北道，武以三萬騎自東道，期會晉陽。武至平陽，後期不進，而忠已還，武尚未知。齊將斛律明月遺武書曰：「鴻鶴已翔於寥廓，羅者猶視於沮澤也。」武覽書，乃班師。出為同州刺史。明年，從晉公護東伐。時尉遲迥圍洛陽，為敵所敗。武與齊王憲於邙山禦之。至夜，收軍。憲欲待明更戰，武欲還，固爭未決。武曰：「洛陽軍散，人情駭動。若不因夜速還，明日欲歸不得。武在軍旅久矣，備見形勢。大王少年未經事，豈可將數營士衆，一旦棄之乎。」憲從之，遂全軍而返。天和三年，轉太傅。

In Baoding 3 he was made grand guardian. That same year the court launched an eastern campaign. Duke Yang Zhong of Sui brought the Turks down the northern route while Da Xiwu led thirty thousand horsemen eastward, planning to meet at Jinyang. Da Xiwu reached Pingyang but failed to push forward after the rendezvous date. Yang Zhong had already withdrawn, and Da Xiwu did not yet know it. Qi general Hulu Mingyue wrote Da Xiwu: "The swan has already risen into the open sky, yet the fowler still stares at the bog." Reading the letter, Da Xiwu turned his army around and marched home. He was assigned governor of Tong Province. The following year he joined Duke Hu of Jin on the eastern expedition. Yuwen Jiong was then besieging Luoyang when the enemy broke him. Da Xiwu and Prince Yuwen Xian of Qi blocked the pursuit at Mount Mang. At night they pulled the troops in. Prince Xian wanted to wait for daylight and fight again. Da Xiwu wanted to withdraw. They argued fiercely without reaching a decision. Da Xiwu said: "The army at Luoyang is broken and the men are terrified. If we do not march tonight, by tomorrow we will not get home at all. I have soldiered for years and seen how these situations turn. Your Highness is young and untested. How can you abandon several camps of men in a single moment?" Prince Xian yielded, and the entire force got back safely. In Tianhe 3 Da Xiwu became grand tutor.

武賤時，奢侈好華飾。及居重位，不持威儀，行常單馬，左右止一兩人而已。外門不施戟，恆晝掩一扉。或謂武曰：「公位冠群後，功名蓋世，出入儀衛，須稱具瞻，何輕率若是？」武曰：「子之言，非吾心也。吾在布衣，豈望富貴，不可頓忘疇昔。且天下未平，國恩未報，安可過事威容乎。」言者慙而退。

In his early days Da Xiwu had been fond of luxury and show. Once he rose to high office he dropped all ceremonial display. He usually rode alone with only one or two men at his side. He posted no halberds at his gate and always left only one door panel shut even in daylight. Someone told Da Xiwu: "Your rank leads the nobles and your fame fills the age. A man in your position should look the part when he goes abroad. Why carry yourself so casually? Da Xiwu answered: "That is not how I see it. When I wore plain cloth I never dreamed of wealth. I cannot forget that overnight. The realm is still unsettled and I have not yet repaid the state's kindness. How can I fuss over pomp and ceremony?" The man withdrew in embarrassment.

武之在同州也，時屬天旱，高祖勑武祀華岳，岳廟舊在山下，常所禱祈。武謂僚屬曰：「吾備位三公，不能燮理陰陽，遂使盛農之月，久絕甘雨，天子勞心，百姓惶懼。忝寄旣重，憂責實深。不可同于衆人，在常祀之所，必須登峰展誠，尋其靈奧。」岳旣高峻，千仞壁立，岩路嶮絕，人跡罕通。武年踰六十，唯將數人，攀藤援枝，然後得上。於是稽首祈請，陳百姓懇誠。晚不得還，卽於岳上藉草而宿。夢見一白衣人來，執武手曰：「快辛苦，甚相嘉尚。」武遂驚覺，益用祗肅。至旦，雲霧四起，俄而澍雨，遠近霑洽。高祖聞之，璽書勞武曰：「公年尊德重，弼諧朕躬。比以陰陽愆序，時雨不降，命公求祈，止言廟所。不謂公不憚危險，遂乃遠陟高峯。但神道聰明，無幽不燭，感公至誠，甘澤斯應。聞之嘉賞，無忘于懷。今賜公雜彩百疋，公其善思嘉猷，匡朕不逮。念坐而論道之義，勿復更煩筋力也。」

While Da Xiwu governed Tong Province a drought struck. Emperor Yuwen Yong ordered him to pray at Mount Hua, whose shrine stood at the foot of the peak—the usual place for such rites. Da Xiwu told his staff: "I hold one of the three highest offices yet have failed to set heaven and earth in order, so that in the heart of the farming season the rains have stopped, the emperor is anxious, and the people are terrified. The trust placed in me is heavy and so is my burden. I cannot pray where everyone else does. I must climb to the summit and offer my devotion where the spirit truly dwells." Mount Hua rose sheer for thousands of feet, its paths nearly impassable and barely trodden by men. Da Xiwu was past sixty. With only a few companions he hauled himself up by vines and branches until at last he reached the top. There he kowtowed and prayed, voicing the people's desperate plea. Night fell before he could descend, so he slept on the mountain on a bed of grass. He dreamed that a man in white came, took his hand, and said: "What effort you have made—I honor it deeply. He started awake and prayed with even greater reverence. At dawn clouds gathered on every side, and soon rain fell, soaking the land near and far. When Emperor Yuwen Yong heard of it he wrote to commend Da Xiwu: "You are aged in years and weighty in virtue, and you assist me in governing. Lately heaven and earth have been out of balance and the rains have failed. I told you only to pray at the temple below. I never thought you would ignore the danger and climb to the summit. But the spirit realm sees all, hidden or open, and answered your sincerity with rain. I am deeply gratified and will not forget what you have done. I send you a gift of one hundred bolts of colored silks. Reflect on good counsel and help me where I fail. Remember that your place now is to counsel from your seat, not to wear yourself out on the mountain again."

震字猛略。少驍勇，便騎射，走及奔馬，膂力過人。大統初，起家員外散騎常侍。太祖嘗於渭北校獵，時有兔過太祖前，震與諸將競射之，馬倒而墜，震足不傾躓，因步走射之，一發中兔。顧馬纔起，遂回身騰上。太祖喜曰：「非此父不生此子！」賜武雜彩一百段。十六年，封昌邑縣公，一千戶。累遷撫軍將軍、銀青光祿大夫、通直散騎常侍、車騎大將軍、儀同三司、散騎常侍。世宗初，拜儀同、〔司〕右中大夫，加驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司，改封普寧縣公。武（平）〔成〕初，進爵廣平郡公，除華州刺史。震雖生自膏腴，少習武藝，然導民訓俗，頗有治方。秩滿還朝，為百姓所戀。

Zi Zhen, styled Menglue. From boyhood he was ferocious and brave, a natural rider and archer who on foot could keep pace with a galloping horse and whose strength outmatched ordinary men. Early in the Datong era he entered service as supernumerary attendant gentleman of scattered cavalry. Once when Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai was hunting north of the Wei, a hare bolted past him. Zi Zhen and the other generals gave chase. His horse went down and threw him, but he kept his footing, drew his bow on foot, and dropped the hare with one shot. He glanced back as the horse was getting up, spun around, and vaulted back into the saddle. Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai laughed with delight: "Only this father could have such a son!" He rewarded Da Xiwu with one hundred bolts of colored silk. In the sixteenth year he was enfeoffed as Duke of Changyi with a fief of one thousand households. He rose through the posts of general who pacifies the army, silver-gleaming blue-light grand master, unobstructed-direct attendant of scattered cavalry, grand general of chariots and cavalry, equal-to-three-division protocol, and attendant of scattered cavalry. At the start of Emperor Xiaoming's reign he was given equal-to-three-division protocol and right center grand prefect, promoted to grand general of swift cavalry with opening-office equal-to-three-division protocol, and raised to Duke of Puning. Wu [variant: cheng] At the start of the Wucheng reign he was raised to Duke of Guangping and appointed governor of Hua Province. Though Zi Zhen had been born to privilege and trained in arms from youth, he proved skilled at guiding people and shaping local custom. When his term ended and he returned to court, the people missed him.

保定四年，大軍東討，諸將皆奔退，震與敵交戰，軍遂獨全。天和元年，進位大將軍，率衆征稽胡，破之。六年，拜柱國。建德初，襲爵鄭國公，出為金州總管、十一州九防諸軍事、金州刺史。四年，從高祖東伐，為前三軍總管。五年，又從東伐，率步騎一萬守統軍川，攻克義寧、烏蘇二鎮，破幷州。進位上柱國。仍從平鄴，賜妾二人、女樂一部及珍玩等，拜大宗伯。震父嘗為此職，時論榮之。宣政中，出為原州總管、三州二鎮諸軍事、原州刺史。尋罷歸。隋開皇初，薨於家。

In Baoding fourth year, during the great eastern campaign, every other general fled while Zi Zhen fought on, and his army alone escaped intact. In Tianhe first year he was made grand general, led troops against the Ji Hu, and crushed them. In the sixth year he was made pillar of state. At the start of Jiande he inherited the ducal title of Zheng and was sent out as area commander of Jin Province with authority over eleven provinces and nine garrisons and as governor of Jin. In the fourth year he followed Emperor Wen on the eastern campaign as commander of the front third of the army. The next year he marched east again with ten thousand foot and horse, held Tongjun River, took the garrisons of Yining and Wusu, and routed Bing Province. He was promoted to upper pillar of state. He then helped pacify Ye and was given two concubines, a troupe of female musicians, and fine gifts, and was made grand master of ceremonies. His father Da Xiwu had once held that office, and contemporaries saw it as a signal honor. During the Xuanzheng era he was sent as area commander of Yuan with authority over three provinces and two garrisons and as governor of Yuan. He was soon relieved and returned home. He died at home early in the Kaihuang era of Sui.

震弟惎，車騎將軍、渭南縣子。大象末，為益州刺史，與王謙據蜀起兵。尋敗，被誅。

Zi Zhen's younger brother Ji was general of chariots and cavalry and Viscount of Weinan. In late Daxiang he was governor of Yi Province and, with Wang Qian, raised troops in Shu. They were soon defeated, and he was executed.

四年，魏文帝東討，與太尉王盟、僕射周惠達等留鎮長安。時趙青雀反，盟及惠達奉魏太子出次渭北。順于渭橋與賊戰，頻破之，賊不敢出。魏文帝還，親執順手曰：「渭橋之戰，卿有殊力。」便解所服金鏤玉梁帶賜之。

In the fourth year, when Emperor Wen of Wei marched east, Shun stayed in Chang'an with Grand Commandant Wang Meng, Vice Premier Zhou Huida, and others to guard the capital. At that time Zhao Qingque rebelled; Wang Meng and Zhou Huida took the Wei crown prince and encamped north of the Wei River. Houmo Chen Shun fought the rebels at Weiqiao, routed them again and again, and kept them bottled up. When Emperor Wen returned, he took Shun by the hand and said: "At Weiqiao you showed extraordinary force." Then he took off his own gold-inlaid jade-bridged belt and gave it to him.

南岐州氐苻安壽自號太白王，攻破武都，州郡騷動。復以順為大都督，往討之。而賊屯兵要險，軍不得進。順乃設反間，離其腹心；立信賞，誘其徒屬。安壽知勢窮迫，遂率部落一千家，赴軍款附。時順弟崇又封彭城郡公，封順河間郡公。明年，加驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司、行西夏州事、安平郡公。十六年，拜大將軍，出為荊州總管、山南道五十二州諸軍事、荊州刺史。孝閔帝踐阼，拜少師，進位柱國。其年薨。

In South Qizhou the Di chieftain Fu Anshou proclaimed himself King of Taibai, stormed Wudu, and threw the region into alarm. Shun was again made grand commander and sent to put him down. The rebels held the mountain passes, and his army could not advance. Shun planted disinformation and split their inner circle; offered credible rewards and lured away their followers. When Anshou saw he was trapped, he brought a thousand tribal households to submit. About then Shun's brother Chong was enfeoffed Duke of Pengcheng and Shun was made Duke of Hejian. The next year he received grand general of swift cavalry, opening-office equal-to-three-division protocol, acting authority over Western Xia Province, and the title Duke of Anping. In the sixteenth year he was made grand general and sent as area commander of Jing with authority over fifty-two provinces along the South Mountain route and as governor of Jing. When Emperor Xiaomin acceded, he was made junior preceptor and raised to pillar of state. He died that same year.

豆盧寧字永安，昌黎徒何人。其先本姓慕容氏，前燕之支庶也。高祖勝，以燕。皇始初，歸魏，授長樂郡守，賜姓豆盧氏，或云避難改焉。父長，柔玄鎮將，有威重，見稱於時。武成初，以寧著勳，追贈柱國大將軍、少保、涪陵郡公。

Dou Luning, styled Yong'an, came from Tujin in Changli. His clan had originally been Murong, a collateral line of Former Yan. An early ancestor, Sheng, was associated with Yan. At the start of Huangshi he submitted to Wei, was made administrator of Changle, and received the surname Doulu—or so some say, taking it to escape calamity. His father Chang was garrison general of Rouxuan, a man of formidable repute praised in his day. At the start of Wucheng, in recognition of Dou Luning's service, his father was posthumously given pillar-of-state grand general, junior guardian, and Duke of Fuling.

寧少驍果，有志氣，身長八尺，美容儀，善騎射。永安中，以別將隨爾朱天光入關，加授都督。又以破万俟醜奴功，賜爵靈壽縣男。嘗與梁仚定遇於平涼川，相與肄射。乃於百步懸莎草以射之，七發五中。定服其能，贈遺甚厚。天光敗後，侯莫陳悅反，太祖討悅，寧與李弼率衆歸太祖。

Dou Luning was bold and spirited from youth, stood eight chi tall, cut a handsome figure, and excelled at mounted archery. During Yong'an he entered the passes as a separate commander under Erzhu Tianguang and was made a commander. For defeating Moqi Chounu he was given the rank of Baron of Lingshou. He once met Liang Chaoding on the Pingliang River and they practiced archery together. At a hundred paces they hung sedge grass as a target; Ning shot seven times and hit five. Chaoding admired his skill and showered him with gifts. After Tianguang's defeat, when Houmochen Yue rebelled, Dou Luning and Li Bi brought their forces over to Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai.

魏孝武西遷，以奉迎勳，封河陽縣伯，邑五百戶。大統元年，除前將軍，進爵為侯，增邑三百戶。遷顯州刺史、顯州大中正。尋拜撫軍將軍、銀青光祿大夫，進爵為公，增邑五百戶。授鎮東將軍、金紫光祿大夫。從太祖擒竇泰，復弘農，破沙苑，除武衛大將軍，兼大都督。尋進車騎大將軍、儀同三司，增邑八百戶。拜北華州刺史，在州未幾，以廉平著稱。加散騎常侍。七年，從于謹破稽胡帥劉平伏於上郡。及梁仚定反，以寧為軍司，監隴右諸軍事。賊平，進位侍中、使持節、驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司。九年，從太祖迎高仲密，與東魏戰於邙山，遷左衛將軍，進爵范陽郡公，增邑四百戶。十六年，拜大將軍。羌帥傍乞鐵（忽）〔怱〕及鄭五醜等反叛，寧率衆討平之。魏恭帝二年，改封武陽郡公，遷尚書右僕射。梁將王琳遣其將侯方兒、潘純陀寇江陵，寧與蔡佑、鄭永等討之，方兒等遁走。三年，武興氐及固（查）〔道〕氐魏大王等，相應反叛，寧復討平之。孝閔帝踐阼，授柱國大將軍。武成初，出為同州刺史。復督諸軍討稽胡郝阿保、劉桑德等，破之。軍還，遷大司寇，進封楚國公，邑萬戶，別食鹽亭縣一千戶，收其租賦。保定四年，授岐州刺史。屬大兵東討，寧輿疾從軍。五年，薨於同州，時年六十六。贈太保、同鄜等十州諸軍事、同州刺史。諡曰昭。

For escorting Emperor Xiaowu west he was enfeoffed Earl of Heyang with five hundred households. In Datong first year he was made front general, raised to marquis, and given three hundred more households. He was transferred to governor of Xian and chief arbiter of Xian. He was soon made general who pacifies the army and silver-gleaming blue-light grand master, raised to duke, and given five hundred more households. He received the posts of general who stabilizes the east and golden-purple-gleaming grand master. He followed Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai in capturing Dou Tai, recovering Hongnong, and winning at Shaya, and was made grand general of martial guards and grand commander. He was soon promoted to grand general of chariots and cavalry with equal-to-three-division protocol and eight hundred more households. As governor of North Hua he soon won renown for integrity and fair dealing. He was given the added title of attendant of scattered cavalry. In the seventh year he followed Yu Jin in defeating the Ji Hu chieftain Liu Pingfu at Shang commandery. When Liang Chaoding rebelled, Dou Luning was made army marshal with oversight of all Longyou military affairs. After the rebels were crushed he was raised to attendant-in-ordinary, commissioner bearing the staff, grand general of swift cavalry, and opening-office equal-to-three-division protocol. In the ninth year he followed Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai to welcome Gao Zhongmi, fought Eastern Wei at Mount Mang, was made left guard general, raised to Duke of Fanyang, and given four hundred more households. In the sixteenth year he was made grand general. The Qiang chieftain Bangqi Tie [variant: cong] Bangqi Tiecong, Zheng Wuchou, and others rebelled; Dou Luning led troops and put them down. In the second year of Emperor Gong of Wei he was re-enfeoffed Duke of Wuyang and made right vice director of the Masters of Writing. When Liang general Wang Lin sent Hou Fanger and Pan Chuntuo against Jiangling, Dou Luning with Cai You and Zheng Yong drove them off. In the third year the Wu Xing Di and the Gu [variant: dao] Dao Di, Wei Dawang, and others rose together; Dou Luning put them down again. When Emperor Xiaomin acceded he was given pillar-of-state grand general. At the start of the Wucheng reign he was sent out as governor of Tong. He again commanded armies against the Ji Hu chieftains Hao Abao and Liu Sangde and defeated them. On return he was made grand minister of justice, raised to Duke of Chu with a fief of ten thousand households and separate sustenance from Yanting county of one thousand households whose taxes he collected. In Baoding fourth year he was made governor of Qi. When the great eastern campaign began, Dou Luning rode to war despite illness. In the fifth year he died at Tong, aged sixty-six. He was posthumously given grand guardian, command over ten provinces including Tong and Fu, and governor of Tong. His posthumous title was Zhao.

初寧未有子，養弟永恩子勣。及生子贊，親屬皆請讚為嗣。寧曰：「兄弟之子，猶子也，吾何擇焉。」遂以績為世子。世以此稱之。及寧薨，績襲爵，少歷顯位，大象末，上柱國、利州總管。讚以寧勳，建德初，賜爵華陽縣侯。累遷開府儀同大將軍、進爵武陽郡公。

At first Dou Luning had no son and adopted his brother Yong'en's son Ji. When he later had a son of his own, Zan, his relatives all urged him to make Zan heir. Dou Luning said: "A brother's son is as good as one's own—why should I choose?" So he kept Ji as his heir. People praised him for it. When Dou Luning died, Ji inherited the title, rose young to high office, and at the end of Daxiang was upper pillar of state and area commander of Li. Zan, for Dou Luning's service, was made Marquis of Huayang at the start of Jiande. He rose to opening-office equal-to-three-division grand general and Duke of Wuyang.

永恩少有識度，為時輩所稱。初隨寧事侯莫陳悅，後與寧俱歸太祖，授殄寇將軍。以迎魏孝武功，封新興縣伯，邑五百戶。屢逢征討，皆有功，拜龍驤將軍、中散大夫。大統八年，除直寢、右親信都督，尋轉都督，加通直散騎常侍。十六年，拜使持節、車騎大將軍、儀同三司。魏廢帝元年，進位驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司。二年，出為成州刺史。魏恭帝元年，進爵龍（來）〔支〕縣侯。三年，大將軍、安政公史寧隨突厥可汗入吐谷渾，令永恩率騎五千鎮河、鄯二州，以為邊防。孝閔帝踐祚，授鄯州刺史，改封沃野縣公，增邑一千戶。尋轉隴右總管府長史。武成元年，遷都督利沙文三州諸軍事、利州刺史。時文州蠻叛，永恩率兵擊破之。保定元年，入為司會中大夫。二年，復出為隴右總管府長史。寧以佐命元勳封楚國公，請以先封武陽郡三千戶益沃野之封，詔許焉。又增邑幷前四千五百戶。尋卒官，年四十八。贈少保、幽冀等五州諸軍事、幽州刺史。諡曰敬。子通嗣。

Yong'en had shown judgment from youth and won praise among his peers. He first followed Dou Luning in serving Houmochen Yue, then came over with him to Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai and was made exterminating-bandits general. For escorting Emperor Xiaowu he was enfeoffed Earl of Xinxing with five hundred households. He fought in many campaigns with distinction and was made soaring-dragon general and palace-gentleman grand master. In Datong eighth year he was made direct attendant of the inner chamber and right trusted commander, soon made commander, with unobstructed-direct attendant of scattered cavalry added. In the sixteenth year he received commissioner bearing the staff, grand general of chariots and cavalry, and equal-to-three-division protocol. In the first year of the deposed Wei emperor he was raised to grand general of swift cavalry with opening-office equal-to-three-division protocol. The next year he was sent out as governor of Cheng. In the first year of Emperor Gong of Wei he was raised to Long [Zhi — completing Longzhi] he was enfeoffed Marquis of Longzhi county. In the third year Grand General Shi Ning, Duke of Anzheng, followed the Turkic khan into Tuyuhun; Yong'en was ordered to lead five thousand cavalry to garrison He and Shan provinces on the frontier. When Emperor Min of Xiaojing succeeded, Yong'en was made governor of Shan Province, enfeoffed Duke of Woye county, and given an additional thousand households. He was soon transferred to chief clerk of the Longyou governor-general's office. In Wucheng 1 (559) he was made commander of military affairs in Li, Sha, and Wen provinces and governor of Li Province. When the Man of Wen Province rebelled, Yong'en led troops and crushed them. In Baoding 1 (561) he entered court as chief clerk of the bureau of reviews. The next year he again went out as chief clerk of the Longyou governor-general's office. Doulu Ning, enfeoffed Duke of Chu for founding merit, asked that his earlier fief of Wuyang commandery, three thousand households, be added to Woye's enfeoffment, and the court granted it. His fief was increased again, bringing the total to four thousand five hundred households. He soon died in office at the age of forty-eight. Posthumously he was made junior guardian, commander of military affairs in You, Ji, and five other provinces, and governor of You Province. His posthumous title was Jing (Respectful). His son Tong succeeded to the title.

宇文貴字永貴，其先昌黎大棘人也。徙居夏州。父莫豆干。保定中，以貴著勳，追贈柱國大將軍、少傅、夏州刺史、安平郡公。貴母初孕貴，夢有老人抱一兒授之曰：「賜爾是子，俾壽且貴。」及生，形類所夢，故以永貴字之。

Yuwen Gui, styled Yonggui, came from Daji in Changli commandery. The family moved to Xia Province. His father was Modugan. During Baoding, because Yuwen Gui had won distinction, his father was posthumously made pillar grand general, junior tutor, governor of Xia Province, and duke of Anping commandery. When Yuwen Gui's mother first conceived him, she dreamed that an old man handed her a child, saying, "I give you this son—may he live long and rise high." When he was born he looked just as in the dream, and so he was given the courtesy name Yonggui (Ever Noble).

貴少從師受學，嘗輟書歎曰：「男兒當提劍汗馬以取公侯，何能如先生為博士也！」正光末，破六汗拔陵圍夏州，刺史源子雍嬰城固守，以貴為統軍救之。前後數十戰，軍中咸服其勇。後送子雍還，賊帥叱干麒麟、薛崇禮等處處屯聚，出兵邀截，貴每奮擊，輒破之。除武騎常侍。又從子雍討葛榮，軍敗奔鄴，為榮所圍。賊屢來攻，貴每縋而出戰，賊莫敢當其鋒。然凶徒寔繁，圍久不解。貴乃於地道潛出，北見爾朱榮，陳賊兵勢，榮深納之。因從榮擒葛榮於滏口，加別將。又從元天穆平邢杲，轉都督。元顥入洛，貴率鄉兵從爾朱榮焚河橋，力戰有功。加征虜將軍，封革融縣侯，邑一千戶。除郢州刺史，入為武衛將軍、（關）〔閤〕內大都督。

As a youth Yuwen Gui studied with teachers, but once he laid aside his books and sighed: "A man should take sword in hand and win rank on horseback—how can he waste his life as a bookish doctor!" At the end of Zhengguang, Poliuhan Baling besieged Xia Province; Governor Yuan Ziyong shut the gates and held firm, appointing Gui commander to relieve the city. In dozens of battles before and after, the whole army admired his courage. Later, after escorting Ziyong back, bandit chiefs Chigan Qilin, Xue Chongli, and others had camps everywhere and sent troops to intercept; Gui fought hard each time and always routed them. He was made regular palace horseman. He again followed Ziyong against Ge Rong; the army was beaten, fled to Ye, and was surrounded by Ge Rong. The rebels attacked again and again; each time Gui was lowered by rope to sally forth, and none dared meet his charge. But the enemy host was vast, and the siege dragged on without end. Gui then slipped out through a tunnel, went north to Erzhu Rong, and reported the rebels' strength; Rong took his counsel to heart. He then followed Rong and captured Ge Rong at Fekou and was promoted to separate commander. He again followed Yuan Tianmu in pacifying Xing Gao and was made commander. When Yuan Hao entered Luoyang, Gui led local troops with Erzhu Rong to burn the river bridge and fought with great merit. He was further made general who subdues captives and enfeoffed Marquis of Gerong with a fief of one thousand households. He was made governor of Ying Province and entered court as martial guard general and [Ge — completing within-the-palace] grand commander within the palace gate.

從魏孝武西遷，進爵化政郡公。大統初，遷右衛將軍。貴善騎射，有將率才。太祖又以宗室，甚親委之。三年，進車騎大將軍、儀同三司。與獨孤信入洛陽。

Following Emperor Xiaowu of Wei on the move west, he was promoted to Duke of Huazheng commandery. At the start of Datong he was made right guard general. Yuwen Gui was skilled at mounted archery and had true command talent. Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai also favored and trusted him deeply as a kinsman of the imperial house. In the third year he was promoted to chariots-and-cavalry grand general and commissioner with ceremonial status equal to the three excellencies. He entered Luoyang together with Dugu Xin.

東魏潁州（刺）〔長〕史賀若統據潁川來降，東魏遣其將堯雄、趙育、是云寶率衆二萬攻潁。貴自洛陽率步騎二千救之，軍次陽翟。雄等已度馬橋，去潁川三十里，東魏行臺任祥又率衆四萬餘，與雄合。諸將咸以彼衆我寡，不可爭鋒。貴曰：「兵機倚伏，固不可以常理論。古人能以寡制衆者，皆由預睹成敗，決必然之策耳。吾雖闇於成事，然謂進與賀若合勢，為計之上者。請為諸軍說之。堯雄等必以為潁川孤危，勢非其敵，又謂吾寡弱獨進，若悉力以攻潁，必指掌可破。旣陷潁川，便與任祥軍合，同惡相濟，為害更甚。吾今屯兵陽翟，便是入其數內。若賀若一陷，吾輩坐此何為。進據潁川，有城可守。雄見吾入城，出其不意，進則狐疑，退則不可。然後與諸軍盡力擊之，何往不克。願勿疑也。」遂入潁川。雄等稍前，貴率千人背城為陳，與雄合戰，貴馬中流矢，乃短兵步鬬。士衆用命。雄大敗輕走，趙育于陳降，獲其輜重，俘萬餘人，盡放令還。任祥聞雄敗，遂不敢進。尋而儀同怡峰率騎五百赴貴，貴乘勝逼祥。祥退保宛陵，追及之。會日暝，結陳相持。明旦合戰，俘斬甚多。祥軍旣敗，是云寶亦降。

Eastern Wei's Ying Province [Zhang — completing chief clerk] chief clerk He Ruotong held Yingchuan and surrendered; Eastern Wei sent generals Yao Xiong, Zhao Yu, and Shiyun Bao with twenty thousand men to attack Yingchuan. Gui led two thousand foot and horse from Luoyang to relieve the city and halted at Yangdi. Xiong and the others had already crossed Ma Bridge, thirty li from Yingchuan; Eastern Wei mobile headquarters commander Ren Xiang also brought more than forty thousand men to join Xiong. The other generals all said the enemy outnumbered them and they should not give battle. Gui said: "The turns of war cannot be judged by ordinary reckoning. Men of old who beat larger forces always foresaw the outcome and chose a plan that had to succeed. I may be no strategist, but I say advancing to join He Ruotong is our best course. Let me explain it for all of you. Yao Xiong and the others will think Yingchuan isolated and helpless, and that we are a small force advancing alone; if they throw everything at Ying, they will take it at a stroke. Once Yingchuan falls they will unite with Ren Xiang's army, and the combined threat will be far worse. By halting at Yangdi we are already counted among the doomed. If He Ruotong falls, what good are we doing here? Advance into Yingchuan and we have walls to hold. When Xiong sees us inside the city he will be caught off guard—advancing, he will hesitate; retreating, he cannot. Then we and the other armies can strike with full force—where would we fail? Do not doubt it." With that he entered Yingchuan. Xiong and the others pressed forward; Gui led a thousand men with their backs to the wall and met Xiong in battle; when his horse was hit by an arrow he fought on foot at close quarters. His men fought with all their might. Xiong was routed and fled; Zhao Yu surrendered on the field; they captured the baggage train and more than ten thousand prisoners, then released them all. When Ren Xiang heard that Xiong had been beaten, he did not dare advance. Soon Commissioner Yi Feng arrived with five hundred cavalry; Gui pressed the victory and drove on Xiang. Xiang fell back to Wancheng; they pursued and caught up with him. Night fell and the two sides formed ranks and faced each other. At dawn they fought again and took many prisoners and heads. After Xiang's army was broken, Shiyun Bao surrendered as well.

師還。魏文帝在天遊園，以金巵置侯上，命公卿射中者，卽以賜之。貴一發而中。帝笑曰：「由基之妙，正當爾耳。」進侍中、驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司。歷夏岐二州刺史。十六年，遷中外府左長史，進位大將軍。

The army then returned. Emperor Wen of Wei was at the Tianyou Garden; he set a golden goblet on a marquis's head and told the nobles and ministers that whoever hit it with an arrow would receive it. Gui hit it with a single shot. The emperor laughed and said, "The art of Yang Youji—just like this!" He was promoted to palace attendant, grand general of flying cavalry, and opening-the-feudatory commissioner with ceremonial status equal to the three excellencies. He served as governor of Xia and Qi provinces. In the sixteenth year he was made left chief clerk of the central-and-outer office and promoted to grand general.

宕昌王梁彌定為宗人獠甘所逐，來奔。又有羌酋傍乞鐵怱因梁仚定反後，據有渠株川，擁種類數千家，與渭州民鄭五醜扇惑諸羌同反，憑險置柵者十餘所。太祖令貴與豆盧寧、史寧討之。貴等擒斬鐵怱及五醜。史寧又別擊獠甘，破之，乃納彌定。並於渠株川置岷州。朝廷美其功，遂於粟坂立碑，以紀其績。

Tanchang King Liang Miding was driven out by his clansman Liao Gan and fled to surrender. There was also the Qiang chieftain Bangqi Tiecong, who after Liang Xianding's rebellion held Quzhu River, gathered several thousand tribesmen, and with Zheng Wuchou of Wei Province stirred the Qiang to rebel; they fortified more than ten stockades in rugged country. Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai ordered Yuwen Gui, Doulu Ning, and Shi Ning to campaign against them. Gui and the others captured and beheaded Tiecong and Wuchou. Shi Ning separately attacked Liao Gan, defeated him, and then installed Miding. They also established Min Province at Quzhu River. The court praised their achievement and erected a stele at Suban to record it.

魏廢帝初，出為岐州刺史。二年，授大都督、興西蓋等六州諸軍事、興州刺史。先是興州氐反，自貴至州，人情稍定。貴表請于梁州置屯田，數州豐足。三年，詔貴代尉遲迥鎮蜀。時隆州人開府李光賜反於鹽亭，與其黨帛玉成、寇食堂、譙淹、蒲皓、馬術等攻圍隆州。州人李祏亦聚衆反，開府張遁舉兵應之。貴乃命開府叱奴興救隆州，又令開府成亞擊祏及遁。勢蹙遂降，執送京師。除都督益潼等八州諸軍事、益州刺史，就加小司徒。先是蜀人多刼盜，貴乃召任俠傑健者，署為遊軍二十四部，令其督捕，由是頗息。

At the beginning of the Deposed Emperor's reign he went out as governor of Qi Province. In the second year he was made grand commander, commander of military affairs in Xing, Xi, Gai, and six other provinces, and governor of Xing Province. The Di of Xing Province had rebelled earlier; once Gui reached the province, the people gradually calmed. Gui memorialized to establish garrison farms in Liang Province, and several provinces grew prosperous. In the third year an edict ordered Gui to replace Yuchi Jiong as garrison commander in Shu. At that time Li Guangci of Long Province, an opening-the-feudatory officer, rebelled at Yanting with his followers Bo Yucheng, Kou Shitang, Qiao Yan, Pu Hao, Ma Shu, and others and besieged Long Province. Li Zhi of the province also raised a rebel band; Opening-the-Feudatory Zhang Dun took up arms in support. Gui then ordered Opening-the-Feudatory Chinu Xing to relieve Long Province and Opening-the-Feudatory Cheng Ya to attack Zhi and Dun. Hard pressed, they surrendered and were sent to the capital as prisoners. He was made commander of military affairs in Yi, Tong, and eight other provinces and governor of Yi Province, and at the same time promoted to junior minister of education. Shu had long been troubled by banditry; Gui recruited bold and able men, organized them into twenty-four roaming-army sections to hunt down robbers, and the plague largely ceased.

孝閔帝踐阼，進位柱國，拜御正中大夫。武成初，與賀蘭祥討吐谷渾。軍還，進封許國公，邑萬戶。舊爵廻封一子。遷大司空，治小冢宰，歷大司徒，遷太保。

When Emperor Min of Xiaojing succeeded, Gui was promoted to pillar of state and made chief director of imperial clan affairs. At the start of Wucheng he campaigned against Tuyuhun together with Helan Xiang. When the army returned he was promoted to Duke of Xu with a fief of ten thousand households. His former title was transferred to enfeoff one son. He was made grand minister of works, served as junior director of the grand steward, then grand minister of education, and finally grand tutor.

貴好音樂，耽弈碁，留連不倦。然好施愛士，時人頗以此稱之。保定之末，使突厥迎皇后。天和二年，還至張掖，薨。贈太傅，諡曰穆。

Yu Wengui loved music and chess and could lose himself in them for hours. Yet he was generous and fond of nurturing talent, and contemporaries praised him for it. Near the end of Baoding (561–565), he was sent with the Turks to escort the empress home. In the second year of Tianhe (568), he died on the road back at Zhangye. He was posthumously made grand tutor and given the posthumous title Mu.

子善嗣。歷位開府儀同三司、大將軍、柱國、洛州刺史。以罪免，尋復本官，除大宗伯。大象末，進位上柱國。善弟忻，少以父軍功賜爵化政郡公。驍勇絕倫，有將帥才略。大象末，位至上柱國，進封英國公。忻弟愷，少好學，頗解屬文，雜藝多通，尤精巧思。亦以父軍功賜爵雙泉縣伯。尋襲祖爵安平郡公。起家右侍上士，稍遷御正中大夫。保定中，位至上開府。

His son Shan succeeded him. He rose to privilege equal to three ministers, grand general, pillar-of-state, and governor of Luo Province. Dismissed for a crime, he was soon restored to his former rank and appointed grand director of ceremonies. At the end of Daxiang (581), he was promoted to upper pillar-of-state. Shan's younger brother Xin received the title marquis of Huazheng commandery in youth for their father's military service. Fearless and unmatched in valor, he had a commander's talent and strategic mind. At the end of Daxiang he became an upper pillar-of-state and was enfeoffed duke of Ying. Xin's younger brother Kai loved learning from youth, wrote competently, mastered many arts, and was especially clever with design. He too received the title baron of Shuangquan county for their father's military service. He soon inherited his grandfather's title, duke of Anping commandery. He entered service as a right-attendant upper gentleman and rose to chief director of the central secretariat. During Baoding he attained the rank of upper privilege to open a government office.

是云寶、趙育旣至，初並拜車騎大將軍、儀同三司。寶後累遷至大將軍、都督涼甘瓜州諸軍、涼州刺史，賜爵洞城郡公。世宗時，吐谷渾侵逼涼州，寶與戰不利，遂歿於陣。

When Shiyun Bao and Zhao Yu came to court, both were first made grand generals of chariots and cavalry with privilege equal to three ministers. Bao was later promoted to grand general, commander of Liang, Gan, and Gua provinces, and governor of Liang Province, and enfeoffed duke of Dongcheng commandery. During Emperor Shizong's reign, when Tuyuhun threatened Liang Province, Bao was defeated and killed in battle.

楊忠，弘農華陰人也。小名奴奴。高祖元壽，魏初，為武川鎮司馬，因家於神武樹頹焉。祖烈，龍驤將軍、太原郡守。父禎，以軍功除建遠將軍。屬魏末喪亂，避地中山，結義徒以討鮮于脩禮，遂死之。保定中，以忠勳，追贈柱國大將軍，少保、興城郡公。

Yang Zhong was a native of Huayin in Hongnong. His childhood name was Nunu. His great-grandfather Yuanshou, in early Wei times, was marshal of Wuchuan garrison and settled the family at Shenwu Shuitui. His grandfather Lie was dragon-charger general and prefect of Taiyuan commandery. His father Zhen became distant-campaign general for military merit. Amid the chaos at the end of Wei he took refuge at Zhongshan, raised a band of volunteers against Xianyu Xiuli, and was killed. During Baoding, in recognition of Yang Zhong's service, his father was posthumously made pillar-of-state and grand general, junior tutor, and duke of Xingcheng commandery.

忠美髭髯，身長七尺八寸，狀貌瓌偉，武藝絕倫，識量沉深，有將帥之略。年十八，客游泰山。會梁兵攻郡，陷之，遂被執至江左。在梁五年，從北海王顥入洛，除直閤將軍。顥敗，爾朱度律召為帳下統軍。及爾朱兆以輕騎自幷州入洛陽，忠時預焉。賜爵昌縣伯，拜都督，又別封小黃縣伯。從獨孤信破梁下溠戍，平南陽，並有功。

Yang Zhong had a fine beard, stood seven feet eight inches tall, looked imposing, was unmatched in arms, and combined deep judgment with a commander's strategic sense. At eighteen he was traveling as a guest on Mount Tai. When Liang forces attacked and captured the commandery, he was taken prisoner to the south. After five years in Liang he followed Prince of Beihai Yuan Hao into Luoyang and was made straight-gate general. When Hao was defeated, Erzhu Dulü took him onto his staff as a banner commander. When Erzhu Zhao rode into Luoyang from Bing Province with light cavalry, Yang Zhong was with him. He was enfeoffed baron of Chang county and made commander, and also received a separate fief as baron of Xiaohuang county. He followed Dugu Xin in taking Liang's Xiazhao garrison and pacifying Nanyang, winning merit in both.

及齊神武舉兵內侮，忠時隨信在洛，遂從魏孝武西遷，進爵為侯。仍從平潼關，破回洛城。除安西將軍、銀青光祿大夫。東魏荊州刺史辛纂據穰城，忠從獨孤信討之，纂戰敗退走。信令忠與都督康洛兒、元長生為前驅，馳至其城，叱門者曰：「今大軍已至，城中有應，爾等求活，何不避走！」門者盡散。忠與洛兒、長生乘城而入，彎弓大呼，纂兵衛百余人莫之敢禦，斬纂以徇，城中懾服。居半歲，以東魏之逼，與信奔梁。梁武帝深奇之，以為（大）〔文〕德主帥、關外侯。

When Gao Huan marched south against the court, Yang Zhong was with Dugu Xin at Luoyang and followed Emperor Xiaowu west, being promoted to marquis. He also took part in pacifying Tong Pass and capturing Huiluo city. He was appointed general who pacifies the west and grand master with silver seal and purple ribbon. When Eastern Wei's governor of Jing Province, Xin Zuan, held Xiang city, Yang Zhong followed Dugu Xin against him; Zuan was routed and fled. Dugu Xin sent Yang Zhong with commanders Kang Luo'er and Yuan Changsheng as vanguard; they galloped to the walls and shouted at the gatekeepers: "The main army is here and men inside will open the gates—if you want to live, why not run!" The gatekeepers all fled. Yang Zhong, Luo'er, and Changsheng rode into the city, drew their bows, and shouted; none of Xin Zuan's hundred-odd guards dared resist. They beheaded Zuan as a warning and the city submitted in fear. After half a year, pressed by Eastern Wei, he fled with Dugu Xin to Liang. Emperor Wu of Liang was deeply impressed and made him (Da) [Wen] commander-in-chief of virtue, Marquis Outside the Pass.

大統三年，與信俱歸闕。太祖召居帳下。嘗從太祖狩於龍門，忠獨當一猛獸，左挾其腰，右拔其舌。太祖壯之。北臺謂猛獸為「揜于」，因以字之。從擒竇泰，破沙苑。遷征西將軍、金紫光祿大夫，進爵襄城縣公。河橋之役，忠與壯士五人力戰守橋，敵人遂不敢進。以功除左光祿大夫、雲州刺史，兼大都督。又與李遠破黑水稽胡，並與怡峰解玉壁圍，轉洛州刺史。邙山之戰，先登陷陳。除大都督，進車騎大將軍、儀同三司、散騎常侍。追封母蓋氏為北海郡君。尋除都督朔燕顯蔚四州諸軍事、朔州刺史，加侍中、驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司。及東魏圍潁川，蠻帥（日）〔田〕柱清據險為亂，忠率兵討平之。

In the third year of Datong (537), he returned to court with Dugu Xin. Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai brought him into his personal following. Once on a hunt at Longmen with Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai, Yang Zhong alone faced a fierce beast, gripped its waist with his left hand, and pulled out its tongue with his right. Yuwen Tai was greatly impressed. The northern court called such beasts "yanzi," and gave him that word as his style name. He took part in capturing Dou Tai and winning the battle of Sha Garden. He was made general who campaigns west and grand master with golden seal and purple ribbon, and promoted to duke of Xiangcheng county. At Heqiao, Yang Zhong and five picked men fought desperately to hold the bridge, and the enemy dared not advance. For this he was made grand master with left seal and purple ribbon and governor of Yun Province, with concurrent rank as great governor-general. He again joined Li Yuan in defeating the Black Water Jiehu, and with Yi Feng lifted the siege of Yubi before being transferred to governor of Luo Province. At Mount Mang he was first over the wall and broke the enemy line. He was made great governor-general and promoted to grand general of chariots and cavalry with privilege equal to three ministers and attendant at the gate. His mother, Lady Gai, was posthumously enfeoffed lady of Beihai commandery. He was soon made commander of Shu, Yan, Xian, and Wei provinces and governor of Shu Province, and also given attendant within the palace, grand general of agile cavalry, and privilege to open an office equal to three ministers. When Eastern Wei besieged Yingchuan, the barbarian chief (Ri) [Tian] Zhuqing held perilous ground in rebellion; Zhong led troops to attack and pacify him.

時侯景渡江，梁武喪敗，其西義陽郡守馬伯符以下溠城降。朝廷因之，將經略漢、沔，乃授忠都督三荊二襄二廣南雍平信隨江二郢淅十五州諸軍事，鎮穰城。以伯符為鄉導，攻梁齊興郡及昌州，皆克之。梁雍州刺史、岳陽王蕭詧雖稱藩附，而尚有貳心。忠自樊城觀兵於漢濱，易旗遞進，實騎二千，詧登樓望之，以為三萬也，懼而服焉。

When Hou Jing crossed the Yangtze and Emperor Wu of Liang was defeated, Ma Bofu, Liang prefect of Yiyang, surrendered Xiazhao city. The court seized the moment to push into the Han and Mian region and made Yang Zhong commander of fifteen provinces, stationing him at Xiang city. With Bofu as guide he attacked Liang's Qixing commandery and Chang Province and captured both. Xiao Cha, Liang prince of Yueyang and governor of Yong Province, had submitted as a vassal but still wavered in loyalty. From Fancheng Yang Zhong paraded along the Han with banners changing in relay; he had only two thousand horsemen, but Xiao Cha, watching from a tower, took them for thirty thousand and submitted in fear.

梁司州刺史柳仲禮留其長史馬岫守安陸，自率兵騎一萬寇襄陽。初，梁竟陵郡守孫暠以其郡來附，太祖命大都督符貴往鎮之。及仲禮至，暠乃執貴以降。仲禮又進遣其將王叔孫與暠同守。太祖怒，乃令忠帥衆南伐。攻梁隨郡，克之，獲其守將桓和。所過城戍，望風請服。忠乃進圍安陸。仲禮聞隨郡陷，恐安陸不守，遂馳歸赴援。諸將恐仲禮至則安陸難下，請急攻之。忠曰：「攻守勢殊，未可卒拔。若引日勞師，表裏受敵，非計也。南人多習水軍，不閑野戰。仲禮回師在近路，吾出其不意，以奇兵襲之，彼怠我奮，一舉必克，則安陸不攻自拔，諸城可傳檄而定也。」於是選騎二千，銜枚夜進，遇仲禮於淙頭。忠親自陷陳，擒仲禮，悉俘其衆。馬岫以安陸降，王叔孫斬孫暠，以竟陵降，皆如忠所策。梁元帝遣使送子方畧為質，幷送載書，請魏以石城為限，梁以安陸為界。乃旋師。進爵陳留郡公。

Liu Zhongli, Liang governor of Si Province, left his chief clerk Ma Xiu to hold Anlu and led ten thousand men to raid Xiangyang. Earlier Sun Gao, Liang prefect of Jingling, had surrendered his commandery, and Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai sent great governor-general Fu Gui to garrison it. When Liu Zhongli arrived, Sun Gao seized Fu Gui and went over to him. Zhongli then sent his general Wang Shusun to hold Jingling with Sun Gao. Yuwen Tai was furious and ordered Yang Zhong south with an army. He attacked Liang's Sui commandery, captured it, and took its defender Huan He prisoner. Every fort along the route surrendered at his approach. Yang Zhong then pressed on to besiege Anlu. When Liu Zhongli learned that Sui had fallen, fearing Anlu could not hold he raced back to relieve it. His officers feared that once Zhongli arrived Anlu would be impossible to take and urged an immediate assault. Yang Zhong said: "Attack and defense are not the same game—we cannot storm it at once. If we linger and wear down our troops, we will be caught between the city and Zhongli's relief force—that is no plan at all. Southerners are used to fighting on water, not in open field battle. Zhongli is coming back by the nearest road; if we hit him unexpectedly with a picked force, his men will be tired and ours fresh—we can crush him in one stroke, and Anlu will fall without a siege while the rest of the cities can be won by dispatch alone." He chose two thousand horsemen, marched silently by night, and met Liu Zhongli at Chongtou. Yang Zhong himself broke the line, captured Liu Zhongli, and took his entire force prisoner. Ma Xiu surrendered Anlu; Wang Shusun killed Sun Gao and surrendered Jingling—just as Yang Zhong had foreseen. Emperor Yuan Di of Liang sent envoys offering his son Fanglue as hostage and a written covenant proposing Shicheng as Wei's border and Anlu as Liang's. He then withdrew his army. He was promoted to duke of Chenliu commandery.

十七年，梁元帝逼其兄邵陵王綸。綸北度，與其前西陵郡守羊思達要隨、陸土豪段珍寶、夏侯珍洽，合謀送質于齊，欲來寇掠。汝南城主李素，綸故吏也，開門納焉。梁元帝密報太祖，太祖乃遣忠督衆討之。詰旦陵城，日昃而尅。擒蕭綸，數其罪而殺之；幷獲其安樂侯昉，亦殺之。初，忠之擒柳仲禮，遇之甚厚。仲禮至京師，乃譖忠於太祖，言其在軍大取金寶珍玩等。太祖欲覆按之，惜其功高，乃出忠。忠忿恚，悔不殺仲禮。故至此獲綸等，竝加戮焉。忠間歲再舉，盡定漢東之地。寬以御衆，甚得新附之心。

In the seventeenth year, Emperor Yuan Di of Liang turned on his elder brother, Prince of Shaoling Xiao Lun. Lun fled north and, with his former Xiling prefect Yang Sida and the local magnates Duan Zhenbao and Xiahou Zhenqia of Sui and Lu, plotted to send a hostage to Northern Qi and launch raids. Li Su, chief of Ruyang and a former follower of Xiao Lun, opened the gates and let him in. Emperor Yuan Di secretly informed Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai, who sent Yang Zhong to suppress him. He stormed the city at dawn and took it before sunset. He captured Xiao Lun, recited his crimes, and executed him; and also captured Prince of Anle Fang and killed him as well. When Yang Zhong had captured Liu Zhongli, he had treated him with great generosity. Once Liu Zhongli reached the capital he slandered Yang Zhong to Yuwen Tai, claiming he had looted gold, jewels, and precious objects on campaign. Yuwen Tai wanted a full investigation but, unwilling to punish so great a servant, let the matter drop. Yang Zhong was furious and regretted not having killed Liu Zhongli when he had the chance. Upon reaching this place they captured Xiao Lun and his followers and executed them all. Within the year Yang Zhong launched two campaigns and fully pacified the lands east of the Han. He governed his troops with leniency and won the loyalty of the newly submitted peoples.

魏恭帝初，賜姓普六如氏，行同州事。及于謹伐江陵，忠為前軍，屯江津，遏其走路。梁人束刃於象鼻以戰，忠射之，二象反走。及江陵平，朝廷立蕭詧為梁（王）〔主〕，令忠鎮穰城以為掎角之勢。別討沔曲諸蠻，皆克之。

When Emperor Gong of Wei first took the throne, he was granted the surname Piliuru and acted as governor of Tong Province. When Yu Jin attacked Jiangling, Yang Zhong led the vanguard, encamped at the river crossing, and cut off the enemy's escape routes. The Liang troops tied blades to their elephants' trunks to fight; Yang Zhong shot at them, and two elephants turned and fled. When Jiangling fell, the court installed Xiao Cha as Liang [variant: Wang] lord, and ordered Yang Zhong to garrison Rangcheng in a pincer position. He separately attacked the tribal peoples along the Mian River and subdued them all.

孝閔帝踐阼，入為小宗伯。齊人寇東境，忠出鎮蒲阪。及司馬消難請降，忠與柱國達奚武援之。於是共率騎士五千，人兼馬一疋，從間道馳入齊境五百里。前後遣三使報消難而皆不反命。去〔北〕豫州三十里，武疑有變，欲還。忠曰：「有進死，無退生。」獨以千騎夜趨城下，四面峭絕，徒聞擊柝之聲。武親來，麾數百騎以西。忠勒餘騎不動，候門開而入，乃馳遣召武。時齊鎮城伏敬遠勒甲士二千人據東陴，舉烽嚴警。武憚之，不欲保城，乃多取財帛，以消難及其屬先歸。忠以三千騎為殿，到洛南，皆解鞍而臥。齊衆來追，至於洛北。忠謂將士曰：「但飽食，今在死地，賊必不敢渡水當吾鋒。」齊兵陽若渡水，忠馳將擊之，齊兵不敢逼，遂徐引而還。武歎曰：「達奚武自是天下健兒，今日服矣！」進位柱國大將軍。武成元年，進封隨國公，邑萬戶，別食竟陵縣一千戶，收其租賦。尋治御正中大夫。

When Emperor Xiaomin took the throne, Yang Zhong entered the capital as junior chief steward. When Northern Qi raided the eastern frontier, Yang Zhong went out to garrison Puban. When Sima Xiaonan offered to surrender, Yang Zhong and pillar of state Daxi Wu went to support him. Together they led five thousand horsemen, each with one mount, and by a hidden route galloped five hundred li into Qi territory. They sent three envoys in succession to notify Sima Xiaonan, but none returned. Thirty li from Northern Yuzhou, Daxi Wu suspected treachery and wanted to turn back. Yang Zhong said: "Advance and we may die; retreat and we cannot live—" He alone took a thousand horsemen and galloped to the city by night. Cliffs rose sheer on every side; they heard only the watchmen's clappers. Daxi Wu came in person and waved several hundred horsemen westward. Yang Zhong held the remaining horsemen still, waited for the gate to open and entered, then galloped off to summon Daxi Wu. Qi garrison commander Fu Jingyuan mustered two thousand armored soldiers on the eastern wall and raised beacon fires in full alarm. Daxi Wu feared this and did not want to hold the city; he loaded up wealth and silk and sent Sima Xiaonan and his followers back first. Yang Zhong covered the retreat with three thousand horsemen; reaching the south bank of the Luo, all dismounted and lay down. Qi forces pursued them to the north bank of the Luo. Yang Zhong told his officers and men: "Eat your fill. We stand in dead ground—the enemy will not dare cross the river to meet our attack." The Qi army feigned a crossing; Yang Zhong galloped forward to strike, the Qi troops did not dare press close, and they slowly withdrew. Daxi Wu sighed and said: "Daxi Wu is the finest warrior under heaven—and today I am convinced!" Yang Zhong was advanced to pillar of state and grand general. In the first year of Wucheng (559) he was further enfeoffed as Duke of Sui with ten thousand households, with an additional thousand households in Jingling county whose rents and taxes he collected. Soon he was appointed director of the palace steward office.

保定二年，遷大司空。時朝議將與突厥伐齊，公卿咸曰：「齊氏地半天下，國富兵強。若從漠北入幷州，極為險阻，且大將斛律明月未易可當。今欲探其巢窟，非十萬不可。」忠獨曰：「師克在和不在衆，萬騎足矣。明月豎子，亦何能為。」三年，乃以忠為元帥，大將軍楊纂、李穆、王傑、爾朱敏及開府元壽、田弘、慕容延等十餘人皆隸焉。又令達奚武帥步騎三萬，自南道而進，期會晉陽。忠乃留敏據什賁，遊兵河上。忠出武川，過故宅，祭先人，饗將士，席捲二十餘鎮。齊人守陘嶺之隘，忠縱奇兵奮擊，大破之。又留楊纂屯靈丘為後拒。突厥木汗可汗控（也）〔地〕頭可汗、步（雖）〔離〕可汗等，以十萬騎來會。四年正月朔，攻晉陽。是時大雪數旬，風寒慘烈，齊人乃悉其精銳，鼓噪而出。突厥震駭，引上西山不肯戰。衆皆失色。忠令其衆曰：「事勢在天，無以衆寡為意。」乃率七百人步戰，死者十四五。以武后期不至，乃班師。齊人亦不敢逼。突厥於是縱兵大掠，自晉陽至（欒）〔平〕城七百餘里，人畜無孑遺，俘斬甚衆。高祖遣使迎勞忠於夏州。及至京師，厚加宴賜。高祖將以忠為太傅，晉公護以其不附己，難之，乃拜總管涇（幽）〔豳〕靈雲鹽顯六州諸軍事、涇州刺史。

In the second year of Baoding (562) he was transferred to grand minister of works. The court then debated allying with the Turks to attack Qi; the ministers all said: "The Qi hold half the empire—their state is rich and their army strong. An advance from the northern desert into Bing Province would be extremely perilous, and the great general Hulu Mingyue would not be easily matched. To strike at their heartland would require no fewer than one hundred thousand men." Yang Zhong alone said: "An army wins through unity, not numbers—ten thousand horsemen are enough. Mingyue is a mere stripling—what can he do?" In the third year Yang Zhong was made commander-in-chief; grand generals Yang Zuan, Li Mu, Wang Jie, Erzhu Min, and opening-office holders Yuan Shou, Tian Hong, Murong Yan, and more than ten others all served under him. Daxi Wu was also ordered to lead thirty thousand infantry and cavalry by the southern route, to rendezvous at Jinyang. Yang Zhong left Erzhu Min to hold Shifen and sent roaming detachments along the river. Yang Zhong marched out from Wuchuan, visited his old home, sacrificed to his ancestors, feasted his officers and men, and swept through more than twenty garrisons. The Qi defended the narrow pass at Xingling; Yang Zhong sent surprise troops in a fierce assault and routed them utterly. He also left Yang Zuan encamped at Lingqiu as rear guard. The Turkic Muhan Khan together with [variant: Ye] Ditou Khan and Bu [variant: Sui] Buli Khan and others came to join with one hundred thousand horsemen. On New Year's Day of the fourth year they attacked Jinyang. Heavy snow fell for weeks; wind and cold were bitter. The Qi mustered all their picked troops, beating drums and shouting as they sallied forth. The Turks were terrified, withdrew up Western Mountain, and refused to fight. The whole army turned pale. Yang Zhong told his troops: "Fortune lies with Heaven—do not count numbers." He then led seven hundred men in foot combat; four or five in ten fell. Because Daxi Wu was late and never arrived, he withdrew the army. The Qi forces also did not dare pursue. The Turks then let their troops plunder freely from Jinyang to [variant: Luan] Pingcheng, more than seven hundred li—people and livestock were wiped out; captives and slain were very many. Emperor Wu sent envoys to welcome and reward Yang Zhong at Xia Province. When he reached the capital he was lavishly feasted and rewarded. Emperor Wu was about to appoint Yang Zhong grand tutor, but Duke of Jin Yuwen Hu, finding that he would not attach himself to Hu, objected; instead he was appointed commander of all military affairs in the six provinces of Jing [variant: You] Bin, Ling, Yun, Yan, and Xian, and governor of Jing Province.

是歲，大軍又東伐，晉公護出洛陽，令忠出沃野以應接突厥。時軍糧旣少，諸將憂之，而計無所出。忠曰：「當權以濟事耳。」乃招誘稽胡諸首領，咸令在坐。使王傑盛軍容，鳴鼓而至。忠陽怪而問之。傑曰：「大冢宰已平洛陽，天子聞銀、夏之間生胡擾動，故使傑就公討之。」又令突厥使者馳至而告曰：「可汗更入幷州，留兵馬十餘萬在長城下，故遣問公，若有稽胡不服，欲來共公破之。」坐者皆懼，忠慰喻而遣之。於是諸胡相率歸命，饋輸填積。屬晉公護先退，忠亦罷兵還鎮。又以政績可稱，詔賜錢三十萬、布五百疋、穀二千斛。

That year the main army campaigned east again; Duke of Jin Yuwen Hu marched from Luoyang and ordered Yang Zhong out from Woye to coordinate with the Turks. Army grain was already scarce; the generals were worried but could find no solution. Yang Zhong said: "We must use an expedient to get through this." He summoned the Ji Hu chieftains and had them all seated. He sent Wang Jie to arrive with full military display, beating drums. Yang Zhong feigned surprise and questioned him. Wang Jie said: "The grand preceptor has already pacified Luoyang. The Son of Heaven heard that unruly Hu between Yin and Xia were stirring up trouble, and sent me to join you in punishing them." He also had a Turkic envoy gallop up and announce: "The khan has again entered Bing Province and left more than one hundred thousand troops below the Great Wall. He sends to ask you—if any Ji Hu will not submit, he wishes to come and join you in crushing them." Those seated were all terrified; Yang Zhong reassured them and sent them away. Thereupon the Hu submitted one after another, and supplies piled up. Duke of Jin Yuwen Hu had already withdrawn; Yang Zhong also ceased operations and returned to his post. Because his administrative record was commendable, an edict granted him three hundred thousand cash, five hundred bolts of cloth, and two thousand hu of grain.

弟整，建德中，開府、陳留郡公，從高祖平齊，歿於幷州。以整死王事，詔其子智積襲其官爵。整弟（惠）〔慧〕，大象末，大宗伯、竟陵縣公。（惠）〔慧〕弟嵩，以忠勳，賜爵興城郡公，早卒。嵩弟達，亦以忠勳，爵周郡公。

His younger brother Yang Zheng, during the Jian'e era, held opening-office rank and the title Duke of Chenliu; he followed Emperor Wu in pacifying Qi and died at Bing Province. Because Yang Zheng died in imperial service, an edict ordered his son Zhiji to inherit his office and title. Yang Zheng's younger brother [variant: Hui] Hui, at the end of the Daxiang era, was chief steward and Duke of Jingling county. [variant: Hui] Hui's younger brother Song, on Yang Zhong's merit, was granted the marquisate of Xingcheng commandery and died young. Song's younger brother Da, also on Yang Zhong's merit, held the title Duke of Zhou commandery.

王雄字胡布頭，太原人也。父侖以雄（傑）著勳，追贈柱國大將軍、少傅、安康郡公。

Wang Xiong, courtesy name Hubutou, came from Taiyuan. His father Lun, on account of Xiong's [variant: Jie] heroic merit, was posthumously awarded pillar of state and grand general, junior tutor, and Duke of Ankang commandery.

史臣曰：太祖接喪亂之際，乘戰爭之餘，發迹平涼，撫征關右。于時外虞孔熾，內難方殷，羽檄交馳，戎軒屢駕。終能蕩清逋孽，克固鴻基。雖稟筭於廟謨，實責成於將帥。達奚武等竝兼資勇略，（感）〔咸〕會風雲。或效績中權，或立功方面，均分休慼，同濟艱難。可謂國之爪牙，朝之禦侮者也。而武協規太祖，得儁小（間）〔關〕，周瑜赤壁之謀，賈詡烏巢之策，何能以尚。一言興邦，斯近之矣。

The historiographer writes: Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai rose amid chaos and war, started from Pingliang, and pacified the lands west of the Pass. Foreign enemies pressed hard and internal troubles still raged; urgent dispatches flew back and forth and the war chariot was repeatedly driven forth. In the end he swept away lingering enemies and firmly consolidated the dynasty's foundation. Though strategy was laid in the council chamber, the achievement truly rested with the generals. Daxi Wu and the others all combined courage and stratagem, [variant: Gan] and met the opportune moment. Some served at the center of power, others won glory on the frontiers; they shared joy and sorrow and together endured hardship. They were truly the state's claws and fangs, the court's bulwark against insult. Yet Daxi Wu coordinated plans with Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai and secured the narrow [variant: Jian] Guan pass—the stratagems of Zhou Yu at Red Cliffs and Jia Xu's plan at Wucao Nest—how could these compare? One word can raise a state—this comes close to that.

全文以中華書局、一九七一年十一月版《周書》為本校。

This text was collated against the Zhonghua Shuju edition of the 《Book of Zhou》 (November 1971).

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